Issue 32 culturepulse by david kalloo

July 2015

Issue 32

UK Sommelier Association Graduation The African & Caribbean War Veterans Memorial Ebolaâ&#x20AC;Śthe sleeping enemy

Summer is all about the great outdoors, a time to explore the landscape and enjoy the rays of the sun caressing your skin. It’s a time when we celebrate and indulge in music, food, drink, sports, carnivals and yes…head to the seaside.

Contents UK Sommelier Awards p.4 The African & Caribbean War Veterans Memorial p.9 Somme Centenary p.10

We splash out on expensive BBQ grills that only see the light of day once a year, while some of us go for the disposable option. We delight in the new label ciders, alcopops and craft beers as we watch children frolic in open green spaces around us.

Caribbean Earthquake p.12 1970 Remembered p.14 Dying for Justice P.11 TTFF Celebrates 10 of the best Caribbean films p19

Summer is a time when we all become tennis experts, selecting a British champion even before the game commences. There are cheers for he Williams, Federer, Nadal, Murray and Novak as we switch between channels to keep up with our favourite cricket team. Amidst the racket, we do like to hear the sound of leather echoing on willow, from Lords to the village greens across the country.

Ebola…the sleeping enemy p.21 Production and concept: D.T. Kalloo Editor: David Kalloo

Culturepulse is designed and produced by Cashewmedia ltd and published online through www.issuu.com

Not all of us are into sports, there are those who prefer a bit of muddy waters to make their summer complete by attending the great tradition of music festivals from Glastonbury to the Isle of Wight.

If you weren’t sure it was summer, the sound Arrow’s Hot, Hot, Hot on British national radio is one sure way to know. It is the only time a Soca tune is ever played on national radio. In case you didn’t hear it, there’s an indication that summer is over.

Email: culturepulse@hotmail.co.uk Culturepulse list of contributors’ to making the magazine a success. Natalie Alicia Dookie Lyndon Brathwaite, Ansel Wong, David Wears, Chris Boothman, Nasser Khan, Malaika Crichlow, Amos Armstrong, Soshina Stephen, David Rudder, Jimmy Kainja, Paul Ade, Akilah Holder-Stewart , Michael La Rose, Rhianna Kalloo, Angelique, Dorothy Scott, Memory Pincheck, Erica Williams-Connell, Darren Lewis and Afridiziak.

David Kalloo

On Sale Now

UK Sommelier Association Graduation and Walkaround Tasting Armando Pereira

had one main sponsor; however this year, prior to the graduation ceremonies getting under way, there was a Walkaround Tasting with a number of wine, beer, sake, food and technology exhibitors, starting in the early afternoon.

The UK Sommelier Association graduation ceremony took place on Sunday 28th June at Le Meridien Piccadilly, within the elegant and sumptuous settings of the Adams and Georgian Suites, in Central London, an annual event to reward and recognise those students who took the courses during the year and excelled in their final

Among the Italian wine producers were Bisol, Sant'Anna, Biserno, Borgo del Tiglio, Castello di Bossi, Ca' Maiol, Casal Thaulero, but also present were wine merchants Corney & Barrow and Liberty Wines. Flying the flag for England were Bluebell Vineyard Estate, with their excellent sparkling wines, and making their debut at a tasting, were Sake at UK, with some exquisite Vintage sakes, and surprising everyone with just how well they went with some Italian 'bottarga" (fish roe!) and Parmesan cheese! iFavine, a French based company with their iSommelier decanter, certainly stirred some curiosity with their device, a perfect tool for any Sommelier! Being true to their origins, UKSA, also had the collaboration of Delitalia contributing with not only some great cheeses and wine, but also with some draught beer, last but by no means least were Sardinia Wine Company, who brought some delicious 'pane carasau'

examinations. This years' grandiose event, which proved to be a great success with all who were in attendance, had a different 'taste' (pardon the pun) and feel to past events. Previously, the Association had

and Smeraldina mineral water, perfect for cooling down the guests on a pretty warm day!

their gleaming tastevins. A great number of young adults will, from now, take their first steps into the fascinating but challenging London catering market. However, they will take this on reassured and armed with the high level qualification and education they received from the UK Sommelier Association's didactic.

"This year we wanted to do something different, to have a more international feel, to mirror the fascinating multicultural backgrounds of our students, who share their love of wine, in

The professionalism acquired during the course has allowed some of the most talented students, soon after completing the course, to successfully pass the somewhat gruelling and highly demanding selection process of eminent restaurants in London. Names such as The Ritz, Aqua Shard, I Quattro Passi, The Savoy, Shangri La, Galvin, The Dorchester, Bugari, Baglioni, Gordon Ramsey, Novikov, Pollen Street Social, Hakkasan, Locanda Locatelli, Texture, Zuma, Roka are among the course's alumni workplaces. the international melting-pot that is London", Federica Zanghirella, UKSA Course Director, quotes.

These successes are a just reward for the hard work and dedication of the course organisers, Federica Zanghirella (Course Director), Armando Pereira (PR, Marketing and Social Media Manager) and Andrea Rinaldi (President, UK Sommelier Association). The trio have a passion, charisma and enthusiasm which was naturally transmitted to the students, creating a warm and amiable atmosphere, a quality that was very evident during the event.

The event received some great feedback, with Collette O'Leary from Bluebell Vineyard Estate stating that "We enjoyed the event and were delighted with the number of people who came over to taste, especially as most also said very favourable things! The event was well organised and certainly had a great buzz. It was well attended and it was a good, informal opportunity to get the Bluebell name out there". Akimitsu Takata from Sake at UK also added that "it was a pleasure working with UKSA and exhibiting at their prestigious event. There were so many people who know a little about sake or never tasted sake before. I personally think food pairing went well in general to showcase our products"

Well done to the UK Sommelier Association for spreading wine culture, not only with technical knowledge but with heart and passion. On the 5th October 2015, a new course, and a new adventure, will start with the same zeal and gusto as in previous years.

With 64 graduating students, they were rewarded with their hard earned diplomas, and "crowned" with

Visit: www.uksommelierassociation.com for more details about their courses and the Associations' other activities.

Now available online at Amazon or 6to order a copy direct please contact Michelleyaa@waywivewordz.com

Put Your Business Here Competitive advertising rates when you advertise with Culturepulse. For more information about our rates, please contact a member of our team at:

culturepulse@hotmail.co.uk or call:

07920752131

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Exploring the Diasporaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Men United. Keeping friendships alive. www.prostatecanceruk.org/menunited Call our Specialist Nurses: 0800 074 8383 info@prostatecanceruk.org | www.prostatecanceruk.org

Donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t Become a Ghost Bike

Be Seen, Be Safe, Be Aware! 8

African and Caribbean regiment that served in WW1 and WW2. These brave men saw significant action in operations while stationed in Belgium, Burma, East Africa, Egypt, France, Jordan, Palestine, and other theatres of war, yet they remain unheralded. It also records historical African military contributions to Britain dating back to Roman Times, right up to modern day contributions. Its permanent installation will be a lasting legacy for future generations.

The African & Caribbean War Veterans Memorial

"Sticks in a bundle are unbreakable " Bondei Proverb Let’s put that right!!! The company who owned these obelisks - Madstone Ltd in Thurrock, Essex - have been awaiting payment since allowing us to temporarily display them on Armistice Day 2014. They need payment, and we need your help to have these stones installed on Windrush Square, Brixton, London, in November 2015.

THESE MEMORIAL STONES ARE IN JEOPARDY OF BEING AUCTIONED OFF PLEASE HELP SAVE THEM SO THEY CAN BE INSTALLED IN NOVEMBER 2015 In November 1915 the British West Indies Regiment was formed! The regiment, like a number of African regiments, went on to serve with distinction during WW1. One hundred years, and countless lives later, the sacrificed they made remains unheralded. However the African and Caribbean War Veterans Memorial with your support aims to put that right. It will be the first War Memorial in the UK and Europe specifically dedicated to the armed service. This historic 2.5 ton monument is the only artefact engraved with the names of every

www.gofundme.com/nubianjakmemorial www.africanandcaribbeanmemorial.com For further information on how to donate and how you can help please call Nubian Jak: 07817331107 nubian_jak@yahoo.com

commemorate the extensive loss on all sides on what will be an incredibly important and deeply moving event. The event will include representatives from the battle’s combatant nations, organisations such as The Royal British Legion, and members of the public. Plans are being made to broadcast the ceremony live to large screens in towns across the Somme region and the UK. There will also be a wide programme of events taking place in the UK. Events will also take place in France to mark the 141 days of the battle. The Culture Secretary also announced a further £4 million in National Lottery funding through the Heritage Lottery Fund’s First World War: then and now programme so communities can explore, conserve and share local heritage of the entire First World War. This new money will help even more people get involved and explore the inspirational stories of the conflict including those surrounding the Battle of the Somme.

Battle of the Somme Centenary The public will be invited to the Thiepval Memorial in France on 1 July 2016 to mark the centenary of the Battle of the Somme, the Culture Secretary John Whittingdale announced today. The joint Anglo-French commemoration of the Battle of the Somme is expected to attract great public interest, so tickets will be made available for the event. The 8,000 tickets will be allocated in pairs, free of charge, through a public online ballot. The ballot will be open to residents of the UK, France and Ireland on 28 September 2015. More details can be found on the Somme 2016 Ballot website at www.Somme2016.org

Monsieur Jean-Marc Todeschini, Secrétaire d’Etat auprès du ministre de la Défense, en charge des Anciens combattants et de la Mémoire said:

The Somme was one of the bloodiest battles of the First World War, resulting in over one million casualties. A commemorative event is held at the Thiepval Memorial every year, but the centenary event in 2016 will be on a larger scale, with some 10,000 people attending.

In 2014, France entered the centenary of the Great War, a time of shared remembrance. A hundred years ago, our country was a global battlefield to which the Commonwealth nations, in a rush of comradeship, sent hundreds of thousands of their children. A hundred years later, the Somme is still exposing its scars, left by the bitter fighting between 1916 and 1918, and its places of remembrance that bear witness to France’s gratitude to the British soldiers who sacrificed their lives for her. Yesterday a land of suffering, today a land of shared remembrance, Thiepval, on 1 July 2016, will see a new expression of the friendship between France and Britain.

Culture Secretary John Whittingdale said: The tragic events at the Battle of the Somme left a deep mark on a huge scale - nearly everyone in the UK will have an ancestor who fought or died at the Somme. It’s important that people across the UK have the chance to remember and honour these brave soldiers. The centenary event will be an opportunity to not only pay tribute to those that sacrificed so much but to ensure that their legacy continues for generations. I am grateful to our French partners for working with us to 10

Commonwealth War Graves Commission Director of External Relations Colin Kerr said:

The memorial was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens and was unveiled on 1 August 1932 by Edward, Prince of Wales. Thiepval is both a memorial to the missing and a monument commemorating the alliance between the British Empire and France. Beside the memorial is a cemetery with equal numbers of Commonwealth and French graves, brought together from all over the battlefield.

For nearly a century the Commonwealth War Graves Commission Thiepval Memorial has stood as a silent witness to the sacrifice of those who died on the Somme in the First World War. There is no more fitting place to mark the anniversary of the battle, the human cost of which was felt in communities all over the world. The Commission is pleased to support our partners in the UK and French government for an inclusive commemoration â&#x20AC;&#x201C; one that will capture the imagination of all generations and communities; one that allows them to pay respect, to visit, to be moved and to learn.

There will be a wide programme of events taking place in the UK and France to mark the centenary period, for which more information will be available in due course. Information on the registration and entry process will be announced in September. More details of visiting the region over the next year can be found on the www.somme2016.org

Vice Admiral Peter Wilkinson CB CVO, National President of The Royal British Legion, said: The Royal British Legion organises a Service of Commemoration each year at Thiepval Memorial to remember all those who fought and died in the Battle of the Somme. It is a great honour to be part of a much larger event in 2016 to mark the 100th anniversary of what was one of the most ferocious battles of the First World War. The contemporaries of those that made the ultimate sacrifice in the Battle of the Somme are no longer with us. Now the torch of remembrance has passed to a younger generation. The public support for the First World War centenary commemorations to date has been overwhelming and has demonstrated that there will always be a living legacy to those who gave their lives for the freedom we have today. The Thiepval Memorial was built and is maintained by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission. It is the largest Commonwealth war memorial in the world and bears the names of more than 72,000 men who died in the Somme sector and who have no known grave. 11

Increased earthquake activity in the Caribbean The Caribbean region is a hotbed for earthquake and volcanic activity. Over the last few months the region has been prone to increased activities of oceanic earthquakes that stir the islands from time to time, mercifully nothing on the scale as the Haitian earthquake. Last week however, though it was a slight tremor, over six islands across the Caribbean region was shaken by minor earthquake measuring from 3.4 to 6.4 on the Richter scale. Among the countries that felt the tremors were Barbados, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Guadeloupe and Dominica. There were no reports of damage or injury and no tsunami warning was given.

The slow rate is responsible for the long intervals between the region’s biggest earthquake, this she says, ‘allows for the attitude of complacency that exists among peoples of or region.’ Dr Latchman emphasized ‘measures to address the earthquake hazard are expeditiously developed and implemented. Both on a short-and long term measure to include development, legislation, implementation and enforcement of building codes.’ Most Caribbean islands adhere to the building codes however, in lesser development areas of some islands, should a major earthquake strike the devastation could be catastrophic.

Dr Joan Latchman, Seismologist at the University of the West Indies warned that the region needs to be prepared for larger earthquakes. According to Dr Latchman earthquake and volcanic activity in the Eastern Caribbean arise from sinking plates of North American plate beneath the Caribbean plate, a process known as subduction. She explains. ‘The plates converge at a slow rate of 2cm per year which is about the rate, at which finger nails grow.’

Did you know that fifty four years ago Lloyds opened its first drive-thru bank in Britain? They had copied the idea from the Americans hoping it would catch on here. The Americans had successfully ventured into drive-thru banks, chemists and restaurants. Lloyds drive-thru was concept was tested in High Wycombe where customers could carry out all their banking needs without having to leave the comfort of their vehicle. It appears, the only drive-thru with any success in Britain is the American fast food restaurants and car-wash.

Did you know that in 1871 Berlin was the third largest city in Europe? The cost of housing and living soared, making many people homeless and destitute. It led to one cardboard box manufacturer to advertise their product as a ‘good and cheap’ source of habitation.

Did you know that Marie Curie the polish-born physicist and chemist were awarded the Nobel Prize twice? She was awarded the prize in 1903 for physics and in 1911 for chemistry. Marie Curie was the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne in Paris, she was also instrumental in development of x-rays in surgery and helped to equip ambulances with x-ray equipment during WW1.

Did you know Dame Hilda Bynoe was the first woman Governor in the British Commonwealth and the first native Governor of her home island Grenada? She was a teacher at St Joseph’s Convent in San Fernando and Bishop’s Anstey High School in Trinidad where she taught science. Dame Hilda Bynoe left for Europe in 1944 to study medicine. She gradated from the London University, Royal Free Hospital in 1951. While studying she met and married her husband Trinidadian, R.A.F. officer Peter Bynoe. Having returned to the Caribbean she served in various disciplines of Medicine in Trinidad and Tobago and Guyana. She was appointed Governor of the associated States of Grenada, Carriacou and Petite Martinique in 1968. In 1969 she was made a Dame Commander of the British Empire and retired from duties in 1974.

guy burst through the gate and into the Office and said to me "Miss Miss, could you hide me please". I said to him "I can't hide you in here, but go back out and pass to the side and you will come out on Piccadilly Street, and act normal so no one will suspect anything". As he left, a Policeman in short pants with a gun in his hand, burst through the gate and came to the door and asking me where is the man, "I said to him, there is no man in here". "He said yes, a man came in here", I said to him, "you probably saw him come in the gate but not in here", and he was insisting I had the man inside. So my Boss said "Officer, is only my Secretary inside there, and do not go in my Office". He was still insisting I had the man inside. So he stood up on the pavement until we left. I was trembling like a leaf, the way how that policeman watched me; I swore he was going to shoot me. When we were going in the car, my Boss said, where is the man, you did not lock him up in the Office? I said no, I told him to pass to the side and he will come out on Piccadilly Street. My Boss said "Smart Girl".

1970 Remembered. A report by Soyini Grey in Trinidad sparked the memory of I.J. Ollivierre from St. Vincent who lived and worked in Trinidad during the Black Power uprising in Trinidad. Here she recalls in 1970. I was just 19 years old, and had just gotten a little job in Port-ofSpain, after doing some Secretarial Lessons. On my lunch hour, I would go down town at Woolworth's to get me a snack, and I would always see crowds in Woodford Square having meetings, and people would be raising their fists in the air and shouting Power, Power, but I didn't know at the time what it meant, until I started seeing people running up and down the streets and Policemen with guns behind them, one girl got killed from a stray bullet. A guy by the name of Basil Davis also got killed by a Policeman, his funeral was the biggest I had ever seen, I would say it was about 6 Carnival large bands in one, we went up on the flyover to watch it, we left and it still had a crowd, they walked with his body from Port-ofSpain to the San Juan Cemetery. Then Dr. Williams declared a State of Emergency and a dust to dawn Curfew, with 2 battle ships in the Gulf. But one afternoon, just closing up after work, I was the last to leave, so my Boss said he would drop me, so I could get home before 6 o'clock. Whilst he stood up on the pavement outside waiting on me, a 14

My mother was a Bus Conductor, and those mornings she had to leave home at 4 o'clock, myself and my sister used to follow her part of the way, but those mornings she made us stay home, and as she walked out the gate, there was always a police car behind her and putting lights all in her face, she wore uniform, they could have seen that, they tortured my mother for a whole week....

Your advertisement on this page with the next issue of Culturepulse magazine.

That Black Power uprising came about from an incident it had in Canada at The Sir George Williams University, the black students rioted and mashed up the place, they claimed the Dean was racial, a lot of the Trinidad students were sent back home, the Prime Minister of St. Lucia, Kenny Anthony, his wife was one of the students at the time. In Trinidad, they were facing something similar, black girls couldn't work in Banks, certain schools black children couldn't attend, so Eric Williams made a move, he localise all the Banks that was in Foreign hands, only one Bank, Chase Manhattan refused to go local, so they had to close their doors. There is where Afro hairstyle was born. I had mine for 20 years.

We offer reasonable rates for short and long term advertising. For further information contact us at: culturepulse@hotmail.co.uk

Or call: 07920752131 07547875460

The soldiers who started the uprising were: Geddes Granger, now known as Makandal Daaga, Raffique Shah, Rex Lasalle, can't remember all. They went on trial, Eric Williams sent to Africa for two Judges to try them. They were sentenced, but they were eventually freed....... iollivierre_100@hotmail.com

Promoting business in the Diaspora

Sabina Virtosu performing at the UK Sommelier Graduation Awards, London. For further information please contact: Sabina.virtosu89@gmail.com www.facebook.com/sabina.virtosu.violin +44(0)7908 329747

Put Your Business Here Competitive advertising rates when you advertise with Culturepulse. For more information about our rates, please contact a member of our team at:

culturepulse@hotmail.co.uk or call:

07920752131

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Exploring the Diasporaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

released in 1993. Both of those films hail from Cuba. The full slate of films is as follows: Memories of Underdevelopment (Tomás Gutiérrez Alea, Cuba, 1968) The Harder They Come (Perry Henzell, Jamaica, 1972) Bim (Hugh A. Robertson, Trinidad and Tobago, 1974) One People (Pim de la Parra, Suriname, 1976) Man By the Shore (Raoul Peck, Haiti, 1983) Sugar Cane Alley (Euzhan Palcy, Martinique, 1983) One Way Ticket (Agliberto Menéndez, Dominican Republic, 1988)

celebrates ten years with ten Caribbean classics The trinidad+tobago film festival (ttff) unveiled its first selections for this year’s edition of the Festival with the announcement that ten classic Caribbean films will form part of the 2015 lineup. These ten films will screen in a special sidebar to the main programme in honour of the ttff’s tenth anniversary. The Festival takes place from September 15–29. “Many people are unaware that there has been a Caribbean film industry for quite some time, or that almost every country in the region has produced feature films,” said Bruce Paddington, ttff Founder and Festival Director. “We are therefore very proud to present ten of the very best classic films from the Caribbean that will help one to appreciate and enjoy the rich diversity of the region.”

What Happened to Santiago (Jacobo Morales, Puerto Rico, 1989) Ava and Gabriel: A Love Story (Felix de Rooy, Curaçao, 1990) Strawberry and Chocolate (Tomás Gutiérrez Alea and Juan Carlos Tabío, Cuba, 1993)

Comprising films from nine different countries, the sidebar ranges across the English-, Spanish-, and French- and Dutch-speaking sections of the region.

In addition to screening in honour of the Festival’s tenth anniversary, the classics also screen in recognition of the launch of the Caribbean Film Database, an online resource which, in the first instance, will present information on over 600 independent feature-length films made in and about the Caribbean. The database is co-financed by the ACP Cultures+ Programme (ACP Group of

The lineup includes the Jamaican classic, The Harder They Come, and Bim, from T&T. Memories of Underdevelopment, the oldest film in the lineup, is from 1968, while the most recent, Strawberry and Chocolate, was 19

Your advertisement on this page with the next issue of Culturepulse magazine.

States), funded by the European Union (European Development Fund) and implemented by the ACP Group of States.

We offer reasonable rates for short and long term advertising.

The rest of the lineup for the ttff/15 will be unveiled over the upcoming months. For more information about the Festival, visit ttfilmfestival.com. The trinidad+tobago film festival (ttff) celebrates films from and about the Caribbean and its diaspora, as well as from world cinema, through an annual festival and year-round screenings. In addition, the ttff seeks to facilitate the growth of Caribbean cinema by offering a wide-ranging industry programme and networking opportunities. The ttff is presented by Flow and given leading sponsorship by bpTT, and supporting sponsorship by the Embassy of the United States of America.

For further information contact us at: culturepulse@hotmail.co.uk

Or call: 07920752131 07547875460

Promoting business in the Diaspora

Ebola…the sleeping enemy David Kalloo killing many of its human victims in a matter of days.’

The Ebola virus that gripped the world with panic and, caused the deaths of over 10,000 people across the African continent and a handful in western cities have not gone away.

Humans are not the only victims of Ebola, which was named after the Ebola River, in the Congo Republic. It has

Though the virus is not headline news anymore, Ebola is alive as it was when the outbreak sparked a worldwide effort to contain the virus to Africa. To date, scientists cannot ascertain where the virus came from and what the principle cause of infection is.

been discovered that Gorillas and Chimpanzees have also been killed by the deadly virus during the same period of human fatalities. Many of the recorded deaths associated with Ebola were directly related to carcass scavenging for food, hence the association of Ebola with bush meat. However, deaths are also related with those who ventured into caves and mountain areas where Angolan freetailed bats are prevalent. It is this concern that has led scientists to focus their research on bats.

The main culprit at present is centred on the Angolan free-tailed bat. Test carried out by scientists are favouring that the bats maybe what is known as the ‘reservoir host’ for the virus. When the virus first emerged almost forty years ago, it was blamed on bush meat. However, during the period of 19771994 not a single confirmed case of human fatality from Ebola was recorded. A leading scientist spear-heading research into Ebola suggested ‘had it been circulating in human population for those 17 years, we would have known. A virus can’t survive for long, or replicate at all, except within a living creature.’ Scientists have found that some harmful viruses ‘abide in nonhuman animals and occasionally spill into people.’ These are labeled ‘zoonoses’ and Ebola is a zoonosis, a ‘nasty and perplexing one –

Ebola is also linked to another virus that is not deemed as fatal as Ebola, the Marburg virus. The Marburg virus existed almost a decade before Ebola. In 1967 a shipment of Ugandan monkeys was sent to Frankfurt and Marburg, in West Germany and to Yugoslavia for medical research.

A few years later another outbreak of Ebola struck infecting over 300 people, 254 of whom became fatalities. The new outbreak created doubt that the Angolan Free-tailed bat could be the ‘reservoir host.’ What did become apparent was that Ebola outbreak always resulted with hunting and carcass scavenging and related with forest activities.

The animals brought a deadly virus that infected laboratory workers and secondary infections to family members occurred. Among the 32 cases confirmed, seven people died from the virus, and so the name Marburg virus was given. Eight years later an Australian medical student died in Johannesburg from Marburg virus. It emerged that he was hiking across Rhodesia when he became ill. Speculation suggested he may have slept in, or near a cave, handled meat or fed monkeys. A similar case of a schoolboy who climbed a mountain and explore the same cave died of a virus known as Ravn virus, closely related to Marburg.

What has been found too is that Angolan free-tailed bats can be found roosting beneath the roofs of village houses. However, it has perplexed scientists with the question, if the bats are the ‘reservoir host’ why isn’t there outbreaks of Ebola happening more often? To date, scientists are no closer to finding the ‘reservoir host’ and a vaccine to combat Ebola are yet to prove effective in the fight against the virus.

Source: National Geographic 2015