‘We have a world-leading child protection system – it’s time to put it to work, because we owe our children more.’ The Children’s Society 2019 report on child criminal exploitation 105
vii. For more information, see https:// www. barnardos.org. uk/see-hearrespond-impact
Nevertheless, there were a number of innovative programmes launched to combat CCE during the COVID-19 pandemic such as, See, Hear, Respond vii led by Barnardo’s and funded by the Department for Education. This managed to support over 27,000 children at risk of being criminally exploited between June 2020 and March 2021.106 In total, the programme supported over 100,000 vulnerable children who were not receiving any statutory support and provided them with support for their mental health, along with educative resources on risk of harm at home, online and in the community.
Child sexual exploitation A further example of child trafficking is child sexual exploitation. The UK Government defines it as: A form of child sexual abuse. It occurs where an individual or group takes advantage of an imbalance of power to coerce, manipulate or deceive a child or young person under the age of 18 into sexual activity (a) in exchange for something the victim needs or wants, and/or (b) for the financial advantage or increased status of the perpetrator or facilitator. The victim may have been sexually exploited even if the sexual activity appears consensual. Child sexual exploitation does not always involve physical contact; it can also occur through the use of technology.107 This became a statutory definition in 2017. By clearly formalising sexual exploitation as abuse, it meant that children could no longer be viewed as ‘prostitutes’ or as ‘making poor lifestyle choices’, as had been the case by many authorities charged with the protection of children.108 The definition highlighted that these individuals were victims of exploitation in need of support.109 62
