Cambridge Global English Workbook 8 Sample

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Cambridge

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Global English WORKBOOK 8

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Olivia Johnston, Chris Barker & Libby Mitchell

Second edition Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.

Cambridge

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Global English WORKBOOK 8

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Olivia Johnston, Chris Barker, Libby Mitchell & Julie Moore

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

We are working with Cambridge Assessment International Education towards endorsement of this title.

University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India 103 Penang Road, #05–06/07, Visioncrest Commercial, Singapore 238467 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge.

It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence.

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This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2014 Second edition 2021

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A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-108-96371-8 Paperback with Digital Access (1 Year)

Additional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.org/9781108963718

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Acknowledgements The authors and publishers acknowledge the following sources of copyright material and are grateful for the permissions granted. While every effort has been made, it has not always been possible to identify the sources of all the material used, or to trace all copyright holders. If any omissions are brought to our notice, we will be happy to include the appropriate acknowledgements on reprinting.

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Cover: Ros Roberts/Getty Images; Inside: Adie Bush/GI; Catherine Falls Commercial/GI; Paul Bradbury/GI; ozgurdonmaz/GI; Morsa Images/GI; zhuang wang/GI; vgajic/GI; Digital Vision/GI; Floortje/GI; Roberto Machado Noa/GI; Dreamprint/Shutterstock; Kwanchai Lerttanapunyaporn/ GI; Ralf Geithe/GI; ac_bnphotos/GI; Six_Characters/GI; Westend61/GI; Tuul & Bruno Morandi/ GI; World Habitat/Nubian Vault Association; fazon1/GI; Dennis Fischer/GI; Maskot/GI; Peter Adams/GI; Steve Coleman/GI; huad262/GI; George W Johnson/GI; Bay Ismoyo/GI; Jose Luis Pelaez Inc/GI; Alexander Spatari/GI; mavdesign/GI; LeoPatrizi/GI; SolStock/GI; Klaus Vedfelt/ GI; Picture Post/Hulton Archive/GI; John Frost Newspapers /Alamy Stock Photo; Yellow Dog Productions/GI; Laurence Dutton/GI; Kenny McCartney/GI; fcafotodigital/GI; Westend61/GI; warodom changyencham/GI; Paul Hudson/GI; Peter Cade/GI; Busakorn Pongparnit/GI; Anjelika Gretskaia/GI; Ezequiel Becerra/GI; Yaorusheng/GI; DuKai photographer/GI; Alfian Widiantono/ GI; Hien Nguyen/GI; © Eleonora Galli/GI; Matteo Colombo/GI; Bloomberg Creative Photos/ GI; Ayzenstayn/GI; Eric Phan-Kim/GI; Westend61/GI; Priscila Zambotto/GI; Joe McDonald/GI; Vicki Smith/GI; gfadel/GI; GlobalP/GI; David Rius & Núria Tuca/GI; Catherine/GI; SCIEPRO/ Science Photo Library/GI; bjdlzx/GI; Linka A Odom/GI; Fajrul Islam/GI; Jeremy Woodhouse/GI; Barry Lewis/InPictures/GI; SDI Productions/GI; Heath Korvola/GI; ArtistGNDphotography/GI; Universal History Archive/GI; DEA / A. Vergani/GI; Uchar/GI; FotografiaBasica/GI; Phooey/ GI; Smith Collection/Gado/GI; The Washington Post/GI; unpict/GI; Maskot/GI; Yuri_Arcurs/GI; We Are/GI; ThorMitty/GI; I love Photo and Apple/GI; arrrief/GI; Print Collector/GI; DNY59/ GI; Emilija Manevska/GI; Terry Vine/GI; Jonathan Knowles/GI; Khosrork/GI; Westend61/GI; YinYang/GI; Joshua Sterns/GI; compucow/GI; Jonathan Kitchen/GI; Laurence Dutton/GI; Sarah Casillas/GI; Gilbert Rondilla Photography/GI; PeopleImages/GI; Philippe Lissac/GI; Morsa Images/GI. GI = Getty Images

The authors and publishers would like to thank the following for reviewing this Workbook: Heather Caroll, Susan Holmes and Tim Swihart.

Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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Contents

Contents Acknowledgements 3 How to use this book 6

3 Our society

1 Languages of the world

3.1 My city 3.2 A neighbourhood with a difference 3.3 Town or country?

8 9 10

Use of English: Question words 11 Use of English: -ing forms as subjects and objects 13 1.4 Do you speak emoji?

1.5 Beyond words 1.6 An A to Z of idioms

15 16 17 18 20

3.4 You and your community 3.5 Focus on ... Portugal 3.6 Be happy!

47 48 49

Use of English: Verbs, adjectives and prepositions followed by the -ing form Use of English: Present continuous passive

50 52

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Use of English: Present continuous Use of English: Abstract nouns

Use of English: Prepositions at the end of a clause 43 Use of English: Second conditional with unless, I wish … / If only 45

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1.1 My language, your language 1.2 Teach yourself Tok Pisin 1.3 It’s good to learn languages

40 41 42

1.7 Improve your writing 22 1.8 Poetry 23

3.7 Improve your writing 54 3.8 Poetry 55

2 Design and architecture

4 Advertising

24 25 26

4.1 Three for the price of two!

4.2 Three advertisements 4.3 The more you look …

56 57 58

Use of English: Partitives Use of English: Second conditionals

27 29

Use of English: Prepositions preceding nouns Use of English: Present and past simple passive

59 61

2.4 Just the place 2.5 Homes in the desert 2.6 Famous buildings

31 32 33

4.4 The psychology of shopping 4.5 The creation of a brand 4.6 For sale

63 64 65

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Use of English: Reflexive pronouns Use of English: Compound adjectives

66 68

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2.1 Bars, boxes and bottles 2.2 Why is an egg egg-shaped?

2.3 Design classics

Use of English: Relative clauses beginning with prepositions Use of English: Questions beginning with prepositions

36

2.7 Improve your writing 38 2.8 Non-fiction 39

4.7 Improve your writing 70 4.8 Fiction 71

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Contents

5 Natural resources 72 73 74

Use of English: Complex noun phrases Use of English: Future passive

75 77

5.4 Water for life 5.5 The lungs of the Earth 5.6 Looking back, looking forward

79 80 81

Use of English: Connectives Use of English: Past modals

82 84

5.7 Improve your writing 86 5.8 Speeches 87

6 Natural wonders

Use of English: Past perfect simple Use of English: Past perfect in reported speech

114 116

7.7 Improve your writing 118 7.8 Fiction 119

8 Storytelling 8.1 A good story 8.2 Tales from around the world 8.3 Stories we remember

120 121 122

Use of English: Present perfect with indefinite time adverbs Use of English: Present perfect continuous

123 125

8.4 A walk in the park 8.5 Aladdin: a traditional story 8.6 Aladdin: what happened next

127 128 129

88 89 90

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6.1 Highest, longest, deepest 6.2 Light at night 6.3 Look at this!

111 112 113

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5.1 A natural paradise 5.2 Generating energy 5.3 Test your eco-awareness!

7.4 Creating and performing 7.5 The Islamic Golden Age 7.6 Leonardo in 3D

91 93

6.4 Fastest, longest, furthest 6.5 Just look at the sky!

6.6 Use your human superpowers

95 96 97

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Use of English: Comparatives and superlatives of adjectives Use of English: Pronouns

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Use of English: Comparatives and superlatives of adverbs Use of English: Multi-word verbs (phrasal and prepositional verbs)

98 100

6.7 Improve your writing 102 6.8 Fiction 103

7 Historical figures

7.1 Leaders, rulers and explorers 7.2 The hidden pharaoh 7.3 Who will be remembered?

104 105 106

Use of English: Past continuous Use of English: Verbs followed by prepositions

107 109

Use of English: Preposition + noun Use of English: Reported speech: questions and statements

130 132

8.7 Improve your writing 134 8.8 Fiction 135

9 Music 9.1 My kind of music 9.2 A portrait of a musician 9.3 Express yourself

136 137 138

Use of English: Use the correct verb tense Use of English: what (= ‘the thing(s) which’)

139 141

9.4 I like it because …

9.5 A universal language 9.6 You are what you listen to

143 144 145

Use of English: Participle clauses Use of English: Questions

146 148

9.7 Improve your writing 150 9.8 Autobiography 151

5 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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How to use this book

How to use this book

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This Workbook provides questions for you to practise what you have learned in class.

There is a unit to match each unit in your Learner’s Book, with one page for each lesson.

Study tip

Tips to help you with your learning.

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When reading, try to guess the meaning of new words from context.

Sometimes a related word can give a clue: different / differentiate.

Use of English

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Information to help you find out more about grammar.

Use the Cambridge Learner Corpus to get your grammar right!

The -ing form of the verb can be used as a noun or in a noun phrase. The noun or noun phrase can be the subject of a verb: Swimming is fun. Learning languages is useful.

Or it can be the object of a verb: I like travelling. I enjoy watching foreign films.

There are spelling rules for forming the -ing form.

• With most verbs, we just add -ing: talk / talking.

Get it right!

We can use a the -ing form to talk about an activity, e.g. studying, working, visiting.

Studying at home is difficult because I share a room with my brother.

6 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

of sun, a load of work.

Check!

We are working with Cambridge Assessment International towards Complete the phrases Education with the correct wordsendorsement from the box. of this title. carton a

bar

can

bottle

slice

a …………………… of soap

How to use this book d

a …………………… of juice There are opportunities to practise yourb grammar on the Use of English e a …………………… waterthree parts: pages in each unit. Each Use of Englishc session is divided ofinto

a …………………… of cola a …………………… of bread

Focus 1

Focus: These grammar questions help you to master the basics.

Complete the partitive phrases. a

Don’t forget to buy a …………………… of bread.

b

I’d like a …………………… of soup for lunch, please.

c

Can I have a …………………… of lemonade with ice?

d

Let’s get a …………………… of grapes for the picnic.

e

We need a …………………… of cereal and a …………………… of matches.

f

Let’s have a …………………… of coffee and a …………………… of cake.

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2 Design and architecture 2 Design and architecture

Practice: These grammar Practice Practice questions help you to become 2 words Add any missing words to the sentences below.

2 Add any missing to the sentences below. sentences are correct. correct. more accurate and confident.Some sentences areSome pairs of pairs of

T-shirts and two shorts.

I packed fouracleanI packed T-shirtsfour and clean two shorts.

b

Sheuseful gave advice. me a really useful advice.

She gave me abreally

c

can only into takethe fivechanging clothing room. into the changing room.

You can onlyctake You five clothing

d

d Most of wearing the children Most of the children were jeanswere and wearing T-shirts.jeans and T-shirts.

e

hadonleft sunglasses on the table.

Someone hadeleft aSomeone sunglasses thea table.

f

f going to play a music for written especially for I’m going to play aI’m music written especially today’s concert. today’s concert.

g

The scientists use special equipment The scientistsguse special equipment to test the age of to test the age of the samples. the samples.

27

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Challenge: These questions will find a lot more You can find ha lot You morecan information on ourinformation website. on our website. help you use language fluentlyh and prepare for the next level.

Bring spare i Bring a sparei trainers in acase youtrainers get wet.in case you get wet.

Challenge

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Challenge

3 Choose correct word in each sentence.

Choose the correct word inthe each sentence. a

a We had a/ dash mountain / pieceto / dash toparty. clear up after the party.

We had a mountain / piece of rubbish clearofuprubbish after the

b

b /Just a trickle / piece of delicious. salt and it will be delicious.

Just add a trickle pieceadd / dash of salt and it/ dash will be

c

Theadetective tiny of dash / spoton/ pinch of blood on the carpet.

The detectivecnoticed tiny dashnoticed / spot / apinch blood the carpet.

d

d just Thisa room needs/ dash just aoflick / heap / dash ofit.paint to improve it.

This room needs lick / heap paint to improve

e

e / Only a lick / spotcame / trickle came out of the tap.

Only a lick / spot trickle of water outof of water the tap.

f

f to The to add a dash trickleto/ pinch of lemon to the mixture.

The recipe says add recipe a dash says / trickle / pinch of /lemon the mixture.

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1 Languages of the world 1.1 My language, your language

1

Complete the text with words and phrases from the box.

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home bilingual few words of fluent improve official language second songs started learning that way learn it subtitles

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I was born in France and have lived in Paris all my life, but both of my parents are from official language 1 is Arabic. We’ve always spoken Arabic at Morocco, where the …………………….. ……………………..2 so I am completely ……………………..3 in Arabic and French.

My parents were already very ……………………..4 in French when they came to live in France, because it was a ……………………..5 language for them. That’s because when they were at school, they were taught Science and Maths in French. But when they speak French, they still have a Moroccan accent. I don’t have a Moroccan accent because I ……………………..6 French at nursery school when I was two years old.

I love learning languages. At school, I learn English and Spanish. I really enjoy watching films in Spanish with ……………………..7. I learn a lot ……………………..8. I also like listening to ……………………..9 in English. It helps me to ……………………..10 my vocabulary. I know a ……………………..11 Mandarin Chinese but I’d like to ……………………..12 properly one day because it could be useful to me in my career.

I want to be an interpreter and translate at international conferences.

2

Complete the words. They are all languages or nationalities. Write L (for language), N (for nationality) or B (for both) next to each one. a

ian Canad…………

N ………

g

Japan……………

………

b

Bah………… Ma…………

………

h

Mand……………

………

c

Canton…………

………

i

Sans……………

………

d

Fren……………

………

j

Span……………

………

e

Hin……………

………

k

Ur……………

………

f

Ind……………

………

8 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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1.2 Geography and languages

1.2 Teach yourself Tok Pisin 1 Complete the crossword.

1 2

Across 2 A language that has developed from a mixture of two languages. (6) 7 The number of people living in a country. (10)

3

4

5 6

7

8

8 The language of ancient Rome. (5)

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10 A pidgin language that has become the mother language. (6)

9

10

11 A group of people living in a particular area who have the same culture and language. (9)

11

Down

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1 An ………… country is one that isn’t ruled by another country. (11) 3 The most important city in a country. (7) 4 Russian uses the Cyrillic ………… (8) 5 The language spoken in Poland. (6)

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6 The words that we use or learn to use in a language. (10) 9 Papua ………… Guinea. (3)

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Challenge

2 Answer the questions in your notebook. a How many languages do you speak? b What’s the official language of your country? Is it different from your first language? c

Does your first language or your country’s official language contain words from other languages? If yes, give some examples.

d Do you think it’s a good idea that some countries have an official language that isn’t spoken at home by most people? Why or why not?

9 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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1 Languages of the world

1.3 It’s good to learn languages 1

Circle the correct words and phrases to complete the interview questions and answers.

Do you think it is useful to know / knowing1 another language?

Yes, it is, for example / definitely 2. Speaking to someone in their own language, even if / of course3 it is only for a short time, makes that country / person 4 feel more at ease. So when you visit another country it is really / a little bit5 useful.

FT

So in your opinion, knowing just a few / small 6 words makes a difference?

Yes, it makes very different / all the difference 7. People really like it when you try / trying8 to speak their language.

What do you think for / that 9 the advantages are of learning languages?

Replace the words in brackets with words from Exercise 1. a

at ease I always feel ……………………. (relaxed) with my language teacher.

b

Learning languages has a lot of ……………………. (good points) .

c

I need to work on my listening and speaking …………………… (abilities) in Spanish.

d

My vocabulary …………………… (gets better) when I watch films with subtitles.

e

Scientists have …………………… (information from research) that sleeping is good for your memory.

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Learners who know another / second 10 language have better reading skills and a wider / longer 11 vocabulary. When it comes to work, you’re a little bit / more likely 12 to be successful if you speak the language of / from 13 the people you do business with. For example / It’s useful 14 if you work for a Japanese series / company 15 in Europe or America, you need to speak / speaking 16 some Japanese. They say that people who / which17 use languages in their jobs earn about / times 18 8% more than people who don’t use them. Also, studies / colleges19 show that it improves your brain power. And now is / there is 20 even some evidence that people who are bilingual live longer!

10 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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Use of English

Question words Use of English The interrogative pronouns who and what and the interrogative adjectives whose (+ noun) and which (+ noun) can be the subject or the object of a verb.

Question words As subject Who Who saw the thief?

As object Who did you see?

Whose

NOT: What did happen yesterday?

Whose hens escaped last night?

Which

NOT: Whose hens did escape last night?

Which actors starred in Titanic?

Whose hens did the fox eat last night?

Which actor did you meet last summer?

A

NOT: Which actors did star in Titanic?

Check!

What did you find under that stone?

FT

What

NOT: Who did see the thief?

What happened yesterday?

Write S (subject) or O (object) for the question words in italics.

Who answered the phone? …………

e

Whose phone is ringing? …………

b

What did they want? …………

f

Who did you call just now? …………

c

Whose bike did you borrow? …………

g

Which colour do you prefer? …………

d

Which teacher said that? …………

h

What will happen to them? …………

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a

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1 Languages of the world

Focus 1 Complete the dialogue with what, who, which or whose.

Jan: Sal: Jan: Sal: Jan: Sal:

…………………4 were you doing Sal: … round at Mia’s?

Jan: Watching an old Star Wars film.

Sal: ……………………5 one?

Jan: A New Hope. Have you seen it?

Sal: No, I don’t think I have. ……………………6 other Star Wars films have you seen?

Jan: All of them, but I really like the old ones.

FT

Hi Sal. It’s Jan. Jan! I didn’t recognise the number.

Well I left all my stuff at Mia’s.

1 What …………………… did you leave?

My bag with my phone in it.

So ……………………2 phone are you using at the moment?

Jan: My sister’s.

Sal: ……………………3 sister lent it to you? Deb or Liza?

Jan: Liza, of course.

Practice

2 Complete the questions with a word from the box. Some words are used more than once.

Then match the questions to the answers.

A

What What‘s Who‘s Where

What …………………… do you call the two dots above some letters in German? b …………………… is Tagalog spoken? c …………………… do you think about studying abroad? d …………………… been to South America? e …………………… the accent like in Scotland?

1

I think it’s a great way to learn a language.

2

It’s called an umlaut.

3

It’s hard to describe.

4

In the Philippines.

5

I’ve been to Brazil.

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Challenge

3 Your mobile screen is broken and you can’t read all the words in your messages.

Write questions with who, what, which or whose. a

What did you break?

I broke my xxxx yesterday. ……………………………………………………………………

b I’ve passed my xxxx exam. …………………………………………………………………… c

I borrowed xxxx’s laptop yesterday. …………………………………………………………

d xxxx got a prize last week. xxxx told me. …………………………………………………… e I invited xxxx to my party. He said xxxx. ……………………………………………………

12 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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Use of English

-ing forms as subjects and objects Use of English The -ing form of the verb can be used as a noun or in a noun phrase. The noun or noun phrase can be the subject of a verb: Swimming is fun. Learning languages is useful.

Or it can be the object of a verb: I like travelling. I enjoy watching foreign films.

There are spelling rules for forming the -ing form.

• With most verbs, we just add -ing: talk / talking.

• With verbs ending in one e, we delete the e and add -ing: write / writing.

Check!

Write the -ing form of these verbs.

anwring answer / ……………………

e

open / ……………………

b

get / ……………………

f

ride / ……………………

c

see / ……………………

g

run / ……………………

d

make / ……………………

h

stay / ……………………

A

a

Focus

Complete the sentences with the correct verb in the -ing form. be

get(x2)

learn

listen to

make

watch

work out

use

Watching …………………… films in English is a good way to learn new words.

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FT

• With verbs that end in a stressed syllable of one vowel and one consonant (not y or w), we double the last consonant and add -ing: begin / beginning BUT: play / playing.

b

Avoid …………………… a dictionary all of the time.

c

…………………… the meaning of words from context is a useful skill.

d

A lot of learners enjoy …………………… songs to improve their vocabulary.

e

Have you considered …………………… a language learning app on your phone?

f

…………………… good at a language is not possible without daily practice.

g

…………………… afraid of …………………… mistakes is bad for fluency.

h

Don’t forget that …………………… a language should be fun.

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1 Languages of the world

Practice 2

Circle the best form of the word for each sentence. a She passed the English exam because of all her hard work / working through the year. b He spent five years studies / studying Chinese. c

I spoke Spanish every day during my visit / visiting to Madrid.

d Work / Working with people from different countries is really interesting.

f

Visit / Visiting a country is a great way to practise the language.

Challenge

Rewrite the sentences so that they mean the same thing.

Use an -ing form in every sentence.

A

3

We can use the -ing form to talk about an activity, e.g. studying, working, visiting.

Studying at home is difficult because I share a room with my brother.

But there is often a separate noun form that we use in other contexts, e.g. studies, work, visit.

She has to combine her studies with her football training.

FT

e During the interview, they asked him about his studies / studying.

Get it right!

a

It was fun to read that book in French.

Reading that book ……………………………… in French was fun.

R

b It can damage your eyes to look at the sun.

………………………………………… sun can damage your eyes.

c

It’s not easy to learn three languages at the same time.

………………………………………… at the same time is not easy.

D

d The best way to learn a language is to practise every day.

………………………………………… is the best way to learn a language.

4 Write sentences about yourself using an -ing form. a

Find a snake under my bed …………ing …………………………………… is one of my greatest fears.

b …………ing …………………………………… is one of my ambitions. c

…………ing …………………………………… is one of my most vivid memories.

d …………ing …………………………………… was one of my most exciting experiences. e I can never forget …………ing …………………………………… .

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1.4 Think about it

1.4 Do you speak emoji?

Choose the correct word from the box to complete each phrase. look

2

face

mouth

cheeks

eyebrows

up

a

open

mouth ……………………

d

raised

……………………

b

pink

……………………

e

thumbs

……………………

c

puzzled

……………………

f

smiley

……………………

Complete the sentences with words from the box. crying

winking

joking

FT

1

laughing

pointing

puzzled

rolling

smiling

laughing ‘Why are you …………………… ?’ ‘Because I just heard a joke!’

b

That book’s funny. I was …………………… while I was reading it.

c

‘Are you OK?’ ‘Yes, I’m fine. I’m just …………………… because I’m cutting onions!’

d

‘Why are you looking so ……………………?’ ‘It’s because I don’t understand the instructions on my new phone.’

e

‘Look over there.’ ‘Where? What are you …………………… at?’

f

‘Why are you …………………… your eyes?’ ‘WHY? Because you’re 20 minutes late AS USUAL!’

g

‘Dave said there was a snake in this swimming pool.’ ‘Relax! He was …………………….

He just said it to scare you.’

h

‘How do you know he wasn’t being serious?’ ‘Because he was …………………… at me when he said it!’

D

R

A

a

3

Complete the dialogue with an appropriate word.

Presenter:

1 using Why do people like …………………… emojis?

Professor:

Well, first of all they’re a universal ……………………2.

Everyone can understand them because they’re ……………………3 not words.

Presenter:

Are there any other ……………………4?

Professor:

Well, it’s much ……………………5 to click on an emoji to say ‘I’m having a great time’ rather than writing it.

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1 Languages of the world

1.5 Beyond words Write the word or phrase next to the correct definition. body language

a

Polite and friendly words or gesture when you meet greting or welcome someone. ……………………

eye contact

b

Speaking without using words. ……………………

gesture

c

The way your body shows your feelings. ……………………

greeting

d

The habits, traditions and beliefs of a society or group

culture

of people. ……………………

non-verbal communication

e

A movement you make with your hand, arm or head

FT

1

to express something, for example waving. …………………… f

It happens when two people look at each other at the same time. ……………………

a

aggressive

adj ………

b

angry

c

agreement

d

confusion

A

e

impatience

………

………

f

negative

………

………

g

offence

………

………

h

uncomfortable

………

Circle the correct option in each sentence. a

It’s a problem when people from different cultures misunderstand / maintain each other’s gestures.

b

I’ve written all the train times down so there won’t be any confidence / confusion about our travel plans.

c

The meaning of gestures can express / vary in different cultures.

d

In many Arab countries people touch / kiss their chest over their heart just after they smile / shake hands.

e

I think it’s polite to show offence / interest when somebody is talking to me.

f

Some people find it’s easiest to express / maintain their ideas and feelings in writing.

D

3

Are these words adjectives or nouns? Write adj or n next to them.

R

2

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1.6 Talk about it

1.6 An A to Z of idioms 1 There’s one incorrect word in each idiom. Cross it out and write the correct one in the space. Then match the explanations to the corrected idioms. a

neck [ 2 ] He’s a pain in the foot. ……………………

1

I was really happy.

b [

] I was on a stick edge. ……………………

2 He’s very annoying.

c

] I was over the world. ……………………

3 You haven’t understood.

] You’ve put your neck

4 I was extremely worried.

[

d [

5 It’s really wonderful.

in it. …………………… ] It’s out of this moon. ……………………

f

[

] You’ve got the wrong end of

the knife. ……………………

6 Y ou’ve accidentally said something upsetting.

FT

e [

2 Choose the correct idiom to complete each response.

It’s a zoo out there It went from bad to worse It’s anybody’s guess

A

It’s out of the question That’s all very well arrive on the dot

it gets on your nerves It’s a good job

f

arrive on the dot.

Jo: Yes. She’ll ………………………...

Zara: ………………………………..... that you didn’t come. It snowed!

R

a Ali: Is Jordan always punctual? b Su: What’s the traffic like?

Kim: Terrible. ……………………...... ……………………………………..… .

c

Lee: Can you do my homework for me?

D

Dad: No!. ………………… d Ana: Where’s Charlie?

Jay: I don’t know. ……………………

……………………………………..… .

e

Tariq: Do you like this game?

Jung: How was the camping?

g Sam: So you missed the bus. Then what happened?

Defne: ……………………...………

…………………………………….… .

We missed the train.

h Juni: You can borrow my mobile if you lend me your bike.

Leanne: …………………………...… but I need my bike to get to school.

Akina: It’s OK at first. But after a bit

……………………………………..… .

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1 Languages of the world

Present continuous Use of English We use the present continuous for actions that are happening at the time of speaking: ‘Why are you crying?’

‘I’m not crying. I’m laughing.’

•

When the verb think means believe, we do not use the present continuous: I think it’s important to learn languages.

BUT: ‘You look sad. What are you thinking about?’ ‘I’m thinking about my cousin who is very ill.’

We can use the present continuous or the present simple with feel and look when we talk about how someone feels or looks now. I feel happy today. OR: I’m feeling happy today. You look relaxed.

OR: You’re looking relaxed.

•

We can use the present continuous with have when it doesn’t mean possess or own: Are you having a nice time in France? BUT: I have a lot of relations.

•

We can use the verb be in the present continuous when we are talking about how someone is acting or behaving now: He is usually very polite. Why is he being so difficult today?

Check!

Some verbs are not normally used in the present continuous. Here are some of them: believe, belong, contain, hate, know, like, love, mean, need, prefer, realise, seem, understand, want.

A

•

•

FT

•

Circle the correct phrases.

You look thoughtful. Are you thinking / Do you think about the holidays?

Josie is / is being very tired.

Ed isn’t having / doesn’t have fun today.

Focus

Write the text messages in the present continuous.

D

1

R

a b c

a

I ……………………………1 (feel)

and I ………………………………2 (enjoy) walking near the ………………………………3

b

.

Hiya Ben. We ………………………………4 (play) on the ………………………………5

. Come and join us.

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Use of English

c

Happy birthday from Newquay. We ………………………………6 (think) about you today and we ………………………………7 (send) you lots of good wishes. I hope you ………………………………8 (have) a lovely day. What ………………………………9 (you do)? It here and I ……………………………11

……………………………10

(not go) out. We ………………………………12 (stay) in our ………………………………13

until it stops!

Practice Choose the best verb form to complete the sentences.

FT

Get it right!

I love chatting to my friends online. I check / I’m checking my phone every few minutes.

b

At the moment, I learn / I’m learning sign language. It’s a two-week beginner’s course.

c

Sorry, I can’t talk right now – I study / I’m studying in the library.

d

When Jose visits his aunt, he speaks / is speaking Spanish to her.

e

Quite often, I listen / I’m listening to podcasts in English on my phone.

A

a

We use the present continuous for actions that are happening right now: What are you reading? I’m reading a really interesting article about the Amazon rainforest.

But we use the present simple for regular, repeated habits, especially with time phrases: Every night, I read for about half an hour before I go to sleep.

R

2

Challenge 3

Put the verb in the correct form, present simple or present continuous.

cntains An apple …………………… (contain) a lot of the vitamins you need.

D

a b

Why …………………… (people / like) using emojis?

c

What …………………… (we have) for supper today?

d

I …………………… (think) about getting a new bike.

e

She …………………… (seem) really tired today.

f

I …………………… (not understand) why he …………………… (be) so lazy today. Normally he …………………… (be) really helpful.

g

What …………………… (do) bilingual mean?

h

What …………………… (go) on? Why …………………… (everyone run)?

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1 Languages of the world

Abstract nouns Use of English • We often use abstract nouns without an article: Which is more important: intelligence or courage?

Check!

Circle the correct words. a b c

A

Match the beginnings of the abstract nouns to their endings.

-cy -sion -ence -tion -ship -ness -ity -ment

R

• These are some common endings of abstract nouns: -ment, -ness, -ce, -tion, -sion, -ity, -ship, -acy, -ism, -th.

Health / The health is more important than wealth / the wealth.

I didn’t have confidence / the confidence to ask a question.

Friendliness / The friendliness which everyone showed immediately put me at ease.

Focus 1

continue. When we use an abstract noun with an article, it is often followed by a defining relative clause or by of + noun phrase, or by to, when it means in order to.

FT

• When we talk about a specific example of an abstract quality, the abstract noun has an article: I will never forget the freedom that I felt when I got my first bicycle. He had the courage to

a fluen…………

d kind…………

g

embarrass…………

b confid…………

e

relation…………

h

confu…………

c

f

flexibil…………

D

Practice

concentra…………

Get it right!

Think carefully about the form of a word you need.

Noun

advice

practice

life

choice

decision

encouragement

Verb

advise

practise

live

choose

decide

encourage

Noun

fun

truth

happiness

luck

surprise

confidence

Adjective

funny

true

happy

lucky

surprised

confident

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Use of English

2

3

Choose the best word to complete the sentences. a

We haven’t made a decide / decision about where to go on holiday.

b

We really enjoyed our trip to Singapore – it was great fun / funny.

c

Wish me luck / lucky – I’ve got an exam tomorrow.

d

We usually laugh to express happy / happiness.

e

Deciding which language to study was a tough choice / choose.

Complete the dialogues using the noun form of the underlined word. a

‘Have you encouraged him to read in English?’

b

FT

encouragement .’

‘Yes, I’ve given him lots of …………………….

‘The doctor advised me to stay at home.’

‘Then I think you should take her ……………………. .’ c

‘I’d like to live in a different country for a while.’

d

A

‘Yes, I don’t want to spend my whole …………………… in the same place.’

‘Is that really true?’

‘Yes, I promise I’m telling the ……………………!’ e

‘What do you do at football ……………………?’

R

‘We practise different skills like passing the ball or shooting on goal.’

Challenge

Complete these sentences with your own words.

D

4

5

a

I go for bike rids in the countryside.

I get a feeling of freedom when ………………………………………

b

Honesty is important …………………………………….……………

c

I haven’t got the strength to …………………………………………..

d

I will never forget the kindness that ………………………………….

Write sentences in your notebook using one of these abstract nouns in each one: encouragement, friendship, patience, embarrassment.

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1 Languages of the world

1.7 Improve your writing 1

Circle the correct words in the first paragraph of an email from Wang Lei in China to Leon in Australia.

Hi Leon

FT

Nice to meet you by / to 1 email! I got the / your 2 name and email address from / for 3 Ms Yang, our English teacher. She told me you’ll / you’re 4 learning Mandarin by / at 5 your school and want to get to know / knowing 6 a Chinese learner your age for / so 7 you can improve your writing. That’s great for / to 8 me because I want to be / being 9 in touch with an Australian learner my age. You see, I’m hoping so / to 10 improve my English writing!

2 Put the next paragraph of the email in the correct order. Number the sentences 1 to 5. a [ ] But probably the most beautiful place in my city is Binhai Road with its views of mountains and sea.

c 3

e [ ] There’s a famous park in the city called Xinghai Park where we sometimes have picnics.

A

b [ ] I hope one day you’ll come and stay so I can take you there.

d [ ] It’s a big port with a population of nearly seven million people.

[ 1 ] I’m 14 and live in Dalian, Liaoning Province in north-east China.

Put the words in order and punctuate them to make the last paragraph of Wang Lei’s email.

R

a subjects / are / what / favourite / your

What are your favourite subjects? ……………………………………………………………………………………

b long / have / how / you / been / Chinese / learning ……………………………………………………………………………………

c

do / what / you / free / in / time / your / do / usually

……………………………………………………………………………………

D

d really / forward / I’m / to / from / hearing / you / looking

……………………………………………………………………………………

e

wishes / best / Wang Lei

……………………………………………………………………………………

Challenge 4 In your notebook, write a similar email about yourself to a new penfriend.

You can choose which English-speaking country your penfriend lives in.

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1.8 Read and respond

1.8 Poetry 1

Complete the limericks with rhyming words from the box.

1 Kelly There was an old woman called ……………………

Who loved watching films on the telly

dress

boat

smelly

throat

tight

walk

dish

Kelly

fork

She watched day and night With her boots on too ……………………2

FT

And her feet got incredibly ……………………3.

There was a young woman from Cork

There once was a brave little goat

Who tried to eat soup with a

Who sailed out to sea in a

……………………4

……………………7

From a little tin ……………………8

A

She made a real mess And got food on her

He ate seaweed and fish

……………………5

Which he hoped would soon cure his

So she gave up and went for a

sore ……………………9.

2

R

……………………6.

In your notebook, sort these words and phrases into groups which rhyme. dark power taught us

D

again pool Stu

drew rabbit tortoise

flower rain train

grab it school waters

habit shark zoo

jewel shoe

park shower

Challenge 3

Try writing a limerick in your notebook. Use words from Exercise 2 if you need to. First, write lines 1, 2 and 5, which should rhyme with each other. Line 1 usually ends with a person’s name or the name of a place. Then write lines 3 and 4, which are shorter and have a different rhyme.

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2 Design and architecture 2.1 Bars, boxes and bottles a can of cola a anc of ………….………….

h

a nit of ………….………….

b

a bute of ………….………….

i

a oxb of ………….………….

c

a captek of ………….………….

j

a rab of ………….………….

d

a chunb of ………….………….

k

a raj of ………….………….

e

a foal of ………….………….

l

a selic of ………….………….

f

a gab of ………….………….

m

a toncar of ………….………….

g

a lebtot of ………….………….

FT

a

Complete the dialogue at a supermarket with some of the words from Exercise 1.

Remember to make them plural where necessary.

Dad:

Here’s the shopping list.

Elly:

Right, crisps?

Dad:

1 packet of salt and Yes a big …………………… vinegar crisps.

Elly:

And biscuits?

Dad:

I’d like a …………………… 2 of that nice lemonade.

Elly:

What about bread?

Dad:

Yes. We need a couple of …………………… 3 of brown bread, please.

Elly:

And a …………………… 4 of grapes?

Dad:

Yes, please. And Mum asked us to get a …………………… 5 of honey.

Elly:

What are we going to give everyone for dessert?

Dad:

A …………………… 6 of birthday cake. Have you made it yet?

Elly:

No. I need two …………………… 7 of chocolate to make the cream in the middle and the icing. And don’t forget a …………………… 8 of matches for the candles.

D

R

2

The letters of the packaging phrases are muddled. Put them in the correct order and write a food or drink item that goes with each one.

A

1

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2.2 Maths: Geometry

2.2 Why is an egg egg-shaped?

3

a

c n

b

c b

c

cyl nd r

d

sph r

e

h x g n l pr sm

f

h m sph r

g

sq

h

tr ng l r pr sm

i

tr ng l r pyr m d

1 2 3 4

6

based pyr m d

Write the adjectives. noun adjective

FT

r

5

7

8

9

noun

adjective

a

circular circle ……………………

b

triangle ……………………

e

hexagon ……………………

c

sphere ……………………

f

octagon ……………………

d

cylinder ……………………

A

2

Complete the words. Then match them to the diagrams.

Answer the quiz questions. a

R

1

The building in the photo is in the USA and is called the Pentagon.

Can you work out what the word ‘pentagon’ means? ……….………………

b

If this net is folded, what three-dimensional shape does it become?

D

……….………….…….………….…….………….…….………….…….………

c

If this net is folded, what three-dimensional shape does it become? ……….………….…….………….…….………….…….………….…….………

d

If this net is folded, what three-dimensional shape, does it become? ……….………….…….………….…….………….…….………….…….………

e

How many cubes are there in this shape? ……….………….…….………….…….………….…….………….…….………

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2 Design and architecture

2.3 Design classics 1

Complete the texts with appropriate words.

FT

1 type The original of these were a …………………… of sandal 2 worn in ancient Egypt. But …………………… modern version originated in Japan, where they’re …………………… 3 ‘zori’.

They’re very simple, they’re practical and …………………… 4 aren’t expensive. You …………………… 5 wear them indoors or outdoors. They …………………… 6 be worn by adults and children. …………………… 7 don’t try running in them!

Match the descriptions to the pictures.

This object has an almond-shaped base and uses electricity to make clothes flat.

b

It’s a pear-shaped object which is used to give light.

c

This is a diamond-shaped sign which shows that the road is slippery.

R

a

D

2

A

Originally, an ordinary pin …………………… 8 used to hold papers together. The …………………… 9 was that the pin could prick …………………… 10 finger if you weren’t careful. And …………………… 11 course, a pin left a hole …………………… 12 the paper. Then in the 1890s, …………………… 13 new design appeared. It was a …………………… 14 of thin metal, made in a …………………… 15 shape so that it held paper …………………… 16 without making holes. There …………………… 17 been several variations on the …………………… 18 designs: some are triangular; some are …………………… 19 heart-shaped and star-shaped.

d

It’s a thin ring-shaped object made of rubber which you can use to tie your hair back.

1 2 3 4

Challenge 3

Describe these objects in one or two sentences in your notebook.

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Use of English

Partitives Use of English

Check!

FT

We can use a noun phrase with of to describe things that come in: owers containers – a packet of crisps; groups – a bunch of flowers; shapes – a bar of chocolate. nuts or We can use partitives with countable nouns, e.g. a bag of nuts, cake with uncountable nouns, e.g. a drop of water, a slice of cake.

Partitives can also be used in expressions which do not involve food or water: a piece of paper, a bit of rain, a bit of sun, a load of work.

Complete the phrases with the correct words from the box. carton

can

bottle

a …………………… of soap

b

a …………………… of juice

c

a …………………… of water

slice

d

a …………………… of cola

A

a

e

a …………………… of bread

R

Focus

Complete the partitive phrases. a

Don’t forget to buy a …………………… of bread.

b

I’d like a …………………… of soup for lunch, please.

D

1

bar

c

Can I have a …………………… of lemonade with ice?

d

Let’s get a …………………… of grapes for the picnic.

e

We need a …………………… of cereal and a …………………… of matches.

f

Let’s have a …………………… of coffee and a …………………… of cake.

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2 Design and architecture

Practice Add any missing words to the sentences below.

Some sentences are correct.

pairs of

Remember, we talk about: • a piece of information / advice

I packed four clean T-shirts and two shorts.

b

She gave me a really useful advice.

•

a piece of paper

c

You can only take five clothing into the changing room.

•

a piece of equipment

d

Most of the children were wearing jeans and T-shirts.

•

a piece of music

e

Someone had left a sunglasses on the table.

•

a piece / an item of clothing

f

I’m going to play a music written especially for today’s concert.

•

g

The scientists use special equipment to test the age of the samples.

a pair of shoes / boots / trousers / shorts / jeans / glasses.

h

You can find a lot more information on our website.

i

Bring a spare trainers in case you get wet.

FT

a

Challenge

Choose the correct word in each sentence.

We had a mountain / piece / dash of rubbish to clear up after the party.

b

Just add a trickle / piece / dash of salt and it will be delicious.

c

The detective noticed a tiny dash / spot / pinch of blood on the carpet.

d

This room needs just a lick / heap / dash of paint to improve it.

e

Only a lick / spot / trickle of water came out of the tap.

f

The recipe says to add a dash / trickle / pinch of lemon to the mixture.

R

a

D

3

Get it right!

A

2

28 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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Use of English

Second conditionals Use of English We can use if clauses to describe imaginary situations.

Positive

Negative The negative of would is wouldn’t.

Clause 1 If + simple past tense If I lived in the country, If I didn’t live in the city,

Questions and short answers

FT

Clause 2 would I would buy a horse.

I’d grow my own vegetables.

If I lived in the country, I wouldn’t be able to go to the cinema.

You can change the order of the clauses, deleting the comma, like this:

For advice

We can use the second conditional to give advice: If I were you, I’d call him.

Note that we usually say If I were you rather than If I was you.

A

I would buy a horse if I lived in the country.

Would you cycle to school if the roads were safer? Yes, I would. / No, I wouldn’t.

I’d grow my own vegetables if I didn’t live in the city.

Check!

R

Note that I’d is the short form of I would.

Circle the correct words. a We use the second conditional to talk about real / imaginary situations.

In the if clause, we use would / the past tense.

c

In the other clause, we use would / the past tense.

d

The short form of would is wd’ / ’d.

D

b

Focus 1

Write sentences using the second conditional. Use a comma where necessary. a

If you (be) a pilot / you (fly) around the world.

If you were a pilot, you could fly around the world. ……………………………………………………….....................................

b

I (not ask) Marek for advice / if I (be) you.

……………………………………………………….....................................

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2 Design and architecture

c

She (do) better at school / if she (not chat) all the time.

……………………………………………………….....................................

d

If people (stop) using cars / our cities (not be) so polluted.

……………………………………………………….....................................

e

If you (have) a boat / (you sail) around the world?

……………………………………………………….....................................

f

There (be) less pollution / if someone (can) invent solar planes.

……………………………………………………….....................................

2

FT

Practice

Choose the correct verb form to complete the text.

3

Get it right!

We can talk about two possible results of the same action in the same sentence using: if + past simple … would … would: If we used less plastic packaging, there would be less waste and less plastic would end up in the oceans.

R

Challenge

A

You’ll notice that the house has relatively small windows.

If the rooms has / had 1 bigger windows, obviously, there’d / there’ll 2 be more light, which is / would be 3 nice. However, if the windows are / were 4 bigger, there’d be / there’s 5 a larger area of glass and that can / would 6 let more heat escape, so the house will / would 7 be less energy efficient. In a perfect world, it would be great if we can / could 8 invent a type of glass that kept all the heat in.

Complete the sentences with your own ideas using the second conditional.

I’d give some of it to charity If I won (win) $1m, ………………………………………………………… .

D

a b

If I (have) a lot of money, I ………………………………………………... .

c

My life (be) better if ……………………………………………………….. .

d

I (feel) really happy if ……………………………………………………… .

e

I (get) very angry if ……………………………………………………….... .

f

If I (be) you, I ………………………………………………………............ .

g

If I (can) choose any ………………………………………………………..,

I ………………………………………………………... .

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2.4 Think about it

2.4 Just the place Solve the crossword.

1

1

Down 2 Outside area that’s attached to the higher floors of a building. (7)

2

3 4

5

6

7

8 9

5 In a style that has stayed the same for many years. (11) 6 Manufactured rectangular block used for building. (5)

11 12 13 14

15

A

18

7 Expensive apartment at the top of a tall building. (9)

12 Hard, strong material such as silver or iron. (5) 15 Material from trees used for building and making furniture. (4) 16 Hard transparent material used for making windows. (5) 18 Plants grow in it. It’s also the name of our planet. (5)

R

19

17

FT

10

16

3 Small house made with tree trunks.

(3,5)

Across 1 Tropical plant that produces long sticks used for building. (6) 4 Grey material made of cement, sand, water and small stones. (8)

D

8 Not straight. Having a smooth, rounded shape. (6) 9 Material from the ground often used to make tiles. (4)

10 With lots of hills. (5) 11 They’re often used to cover a roof or on a floor. (5) 13 Hard material from the ground used to build walls. (5) 14 Tall, narrow building that’s often square or circular. (5) 17 The front of a building. (6) 19 Window in a roof. (8)

31 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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2 Design and architecture

2.5 Homes in the desert 1

Circle the correct words.

Complete the text with the correct words from the box. air flow

A

2

FT

If you live in a desert, you need a house that is resistant / efficient 1 to heat and that can stay cool even when the sun is at its hottest.

A traditional / comfortable 2 method of building in the Sahara Desert is using zinc / earth 3 made into sun-dried bricks. This method is environmentally high / friendly 4 and energy efficient / renewable 5 since the earth does not need to be built / transported 6 and the bricks are dried by the sun. Also earth walls do not conduct / cover 7 heat. They keep a house cool during the hot daytime, but the heat stays in them at night when the energy / temperature 8 drops.

escapes

heat conductor

hottest

light rays

roof

windows

D

R

In recent years, many traditional houses in the Sahel areas of Africa have been built with 1 roof a metal ……………… . This has made building quicker but metal is a ………………2, so heat passes through it very easily. This means that during the ………………3 time of day, heat comes in, and at night, when it’s cool, the heat ………………4. Now some builders in the Sahel are going back to traditional domed roofs. This shape prevents ………………5 entering because of the angle of the roof.

To keep heat down during the day when the sun is strong, most Sahel houses are built with only a few small ………………6. Making the roof higher or having small windows at different heights can increase ………………7.

32 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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2.6 Talk about it

2.6 Famous buildings a

a building where you can see ancient objects: m…………………… useum

b

a place where kings and queens live: p……………………

c

a very tall, thin structure: t……………………

d

a building with triangular sides: p……………………

e

a building where you can see a performance involving singing and acting: o…………………… h……………………

f

a building where you can see sports events: s……………………

g

three religious buildings: c……………………, m……………………, t…………………….

FT

2

Complete the name of:

Every seventh word is missing. Write a suitable word in each gap.

•

Some will be simple words like a or in.

•

Contractions such as there’s (= there is) count as one word.

•

There are several possibilities for some of the gaps.

A

1

R

1 most The Royal Albert Hall is the …………………… famous concert 2 hall in the UK. …………………… a huge oval brick building with ……………………3 glass and steel domed roof. It ……………………4 built by Queen Victoria in memory ……………………5 her husband Prince Albert who died ……………………6 1861.

D

The civil engineers and designers ……………………7 those days, unfortunately, didn’t know much ……………………8 acoustics.

They didn’t have the knowledge ……………………9 we have today about how to ……………………10 a building with good sound. So ……………………11 it rains during a concert at ……………………12 Royal Albert Hall, you hear the ……………………13 falling on the glass roof. But ……………………14 looks wonderful inside with all the ……………………15 decorations and red curtains and carpets. ……………………16 space for more than 5,000 people ……………………17 the hall. It’s used for all ……………………18 of events, including classical and pop ……………………19, opera, ballet and circus.

33 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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2 Design and architecture

Relative clauses beginning with prepositions Use of English In formal written English we can make relative clauses using relative pronouns with prepositions: There is a huge balcony. You can see the ocean from the huge balcony. We can combine those two sentences with a relative clause beginning with a preposition + which: There is a huge balcony from which you can see the ocean.

•

Now read these two sentences: The designer has won awards. They toured the city with the designer. We can combine those two sentences with a relative clause beginning with a preposition + whom: The designer with whom they toured the city has won awards.

FT

•

Note that with a preposition we use whom NOT who, e.g. with whom, for whom, to whom.

Check!

Circle the correct words. a The hotel in which / in that you will be staying is in the centre.

The train on whom / on which we travelled went incredibly fast.

c

The scientist with which / with whom we work specialises in genetics.

Focus

Circle the correct words.

He had a teacher to whom / from whom / by which he received a lot of good advice.

b

They had a rope in which / by which / with which they were able to rescue the boy.

c

A job was advertised at which / for which / on which a lot of people applied.

d

The reporters from whom / in which / by whom they were interviewed were from Denmark.

e

The coach on which / to which / with which we travelled was air-conditioned.

R

a

D

1

A

b

34 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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Use of English

Practice Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition + relative pronoun.

in which a person lives can affect their health The place …………………… and mood.

b

There are people …………………… change is always very difficult.

c

The material …………………… this building is constructed is very cheap.

d

Most of us trust the people …………………… we are taught.

e

The only days …………………… the design museum is open are Tuesday and Saturday.

f

The method …………………… clay roof tiles are made today, originated hundreds of years ago.

g

It is probably that his design ideas were influenced by the people …………………… he worked.

h

The building …………………… we are standing is important in the history of our country.

FT

a

Challenge 3

A

2

Combine the sentences using a relative pronoun and the underlined preposition. a I would like to thank all the people. We’ve worked on this project with them.

with whom we've worked on this project.

I would like to thank all the people ……………………………

R

b The journalist describes the day. He first visited the building on that day.

The journalist describes the day …………………………… the building.

c

The survivors thanked the pilot. They were rescued by him.

The survivors thanked the pilot ……………………………

D

d Every term our design students choose the materials. They want to work with those materials.

Every term our design students choose the materials …………………………… .

e The freezer must be kept locked. The vaccine is stored in it.

The freezer …………………………… must be kept locked.

f

The architects have won a lot of awards. She now works for them.

The architects …………………………… have won a lot of awards.

35 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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2 Design and architecture

Questions beginning with prepositions Use of English Sometimes we start a question with a preposition: In which unit did we study comparatives?

On which day did you visit the Design Museum?

To whom did you lend my phone charger?

Check!

Write the correct prepositions.

Which war did America stop being a colony of Britain after?

…………………… which days is she usually free?

c

…………………… which window did they enter?

b

…………………… whom did he complain?

d

…………………… which situations do you feel shy?

A

a

Focus

Make sentences by putting the words in order. a

Tower / which / In / you / see / can / Eiffel / city / the / ?

R

1

After which war did America stop being a colony of Britain?

FT

Under whose bed did you find this letter?

The reason is that it often sounds clearer.

Compare these sentences:

In which city can you se the Eiffel Twer? ………………………………………………………..................................... b

river / which / On / Cairo / stand / does / ?

D

……………………………………………………….....................................

c

Statue / whom / From / did / receive / the USA / the / of Liberty?

……………………………………………………….....................................

d

memory / whose / built / In / was / Taj Mahal / the / ?

……………………………………………………….....................................

e

temperature / which / water / freeze / does / Below / ? ……………………………………………………….....................................

36 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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Use of English

Practice Complete the sentences with the correct preposition + question word from the box.

Near whose Over which

From whom Under which

With whose

To whose …………………… email address was the message sent?

b

…………………… country is the ancient city of Petra?

c

…………………… circumstances would you keep money that you found in the street?

d

…………………… do you think we learn best, our parents or our teachers?

e

…………………… help was this project completed?

f

…………………… busy street are they planning to build a pedestrian bridge?

g

…………………… house was the suitcase full of money found?

FT

a

Challenge

Complete the questions with a preposition + question word. Then answer the questions in your notebook.

To whom …………………… do you always tell the total truth?

b

…………………… time in your life have you felt happiest?

c

…………………… people have you been most influenced so far in your life?

R

a

D

3

To whose In which

A

2

d

…………………… have you received the most useful bits of advice?

e

…………………… opinion are you most likely to listen?

f

…………………… do you usually feel most comfortable?

g

…………………… classes are you most likely to feel happy and relaxed?

37 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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2 Design and architecture

2.7 Improve your writing 1

Circle the correct words in the first paragraph of a letter to the council from students at Cranbourne School.

To the City Planning Department:

3

Put the sentences of the second paragraph of the letter in the correct order.

Number them 1 to 4. a

[ ] We would also be interested in having facilities for gardening.

b

[ ] There are already places where young people can do sport.

c

[ 1 ] Secondly, we have thought about which activities we would like to do there.

d

[ ] We are therefore particularly interested in activities such as arts and crafts, drama, music and cooking.

A

2

FT

We are very pleased that / for / by 1 the council has asked us for suggestions for an / a / some 2 new youth club in our area. Here are our ideas. Firstly, we have thought for / about / by 3 the location of the club. We think that a well-designed / good-designed / newdesigned 4 building in one of our parks would be an excellent answer / opening / place 5 for a youth club. In this way we’d be able to having / had / have 6 a greenhouse and small garden next to / on / in 7 it and be able to use the park.

Complete the last paragraph with words from the box. appreciate flexible

best garden

R

activities equipment

concert cooking

design

1 dsign Finally, we think the …………………… of the building is important. The space

needs to be ……………………2 so that we can enjoy all the ……………………3

D

that we have mentioned. We would love to have a kitchen so that we could have ……………………4 classes using vegetables grown in the ……………………5. We

think that one of the ……………………6 ways for people to learn teamwork is by putting on a play or ……………………7. We would therefore ……………………8

having a stage. And we would also like to have ……………………9 for various arts and crafts.

Challenge 4

Decide on activities for a new youth club. Write to the council giving suggestions, with reasons, for the club’s location, activities and design.

38 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.

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2.8 Read and respond

2.8 Non-fiction 1

Complete the description of the photo with words from the box. calm bridge castle crossing moving pattern people real

feeling water

leaves winter

A

FT

1 bridge We see a …………………… stretching across water to the entrance of an old …………………… 2. The trees have no …………………… 3 so we know it’s …………………… 4. It’s a still, …………………… 5 day without wind because the water and trees aren’t …………………… 6 at all. The trees and their reflection, especially on the right side are like a …………………… 7.

Most of the photo is of the …………………… 8 and the bridge and there are no …………………… 9 in the picture.

This gives the photo a dreamy …………………… 10. It doesn’t seem like a …………………… 11 place. We can feel the silence.

We try to imagine …………………… 12 the bridge. We can almost hear what our feet will sound like on the bridge.

Underline the sentences in the description which give the writer’s feelings about the picture.

3

Write three sentences giving your feelings about the picture.

R

2

……………………………………………………………………………………...

D

……………………………………………………………………………………... ……………………………………………………………………………………...

Challenge 4

Look at the picture and in your notebook write a description of what you can see.

What do you think the people are looking at?

How does this photo make you feel? Do you like it? Why or why not?

39 Original material © Cambridge University Press 2020. This material is not final and is subject to further changes prior to publication.