6may14

ROUGH RIDER USS THEODORE ROOSEVELT (CVN 71)

NAVY MEDIA AWARD WINNING NEWSPAPER

INSIDE:

3...2...1...LAUNCH

Inside TR’s powerful cats

Working down below

Enginemen keep TR running strong

May 6, 2014 • DAILY

A

The Four Cats on TR Story by MCSN Jenna Kaliszewski

complicated mechanical system, underneath the flight deck, operates as a unit to propel catapults and launch aircraft off the flight deck of the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71).

Air Department’s V-2 division works tirelessly to maintain and operate the ships intricate catapult system.

V-2 Sailors hook the aircraft up to the catapult with a launch bar.

The bar is attached to a system below the track which propels the plane.

Underneath each catapult track are two cylinders, which contain the pistons, said Aviation Boatswain’s Mate Equipment 2nd Class Joseph Case, from V-2 division. These 2,400 pound pistons pull the aircraft down the track.

“Steam from the reactor comes up to the accumulator and builds up to a pressure of 520 psi [pounds per square inch] behind the cylinders,” said Case. “When the fire button is pushed, the launch valves open, releasing the steam, which pushes the pistons which shoot the airplane.”

The pistons’ forward movement is then stopped by 3,000 to 5,000 pound water breaks, said Case.

“There are so many things going on at the same time,” said Case. “It functions in steps, but happens so quickly it’s almost instantaneous.”

From regulating the catapults’ speed to performing routine maintenance, TR’s catapult workers ensure the cats keep shooting and the birds keep flying.

“You put all this work into shooting the catapult and then you see the results when you see the aircraft safely shoot off the cat track,” said Case. “It’s a tough job, but I like what I do.”

F

Working in the Ship’s Bowels Story by MCSA Wyatt Anthony

rom aircraft carriers to frigates, few rates in the Navy have the responsibility of enginemen.

“We’re here to provide a continuous safety net for the ship,” said Senior Chief Engineman James Walker, acting division officer of Reactor Department’s Auxiliaries division on the aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71). “When a casualty or drill brings down normal ship’s distribution, Reactor Auxiliaries is there to pump out energy for combat systems, command and control, and the propulsion recovery plant.”

In 1948, the Navy combined the ratings of motor machinist’s mate, motor machinist’s mate (diesel engine mechanics) and motor machinist’s mate (gasoline engine mechanics) into a single rate called engineman.

“We were created to slim down all of these rates into one rate,” said Walker. “If it’s mechanical and moving we can work on it.”

Enginemen spend the majority of their time in the forward and aft diesel engine rooms performing a variety of tasks such as checking oil temperatures and performing maintenance on the ship’s four onboard diesel engines.

“I love the challenge of repairing things, and I personally like seeing my Sailors progress from ‘what is this’ to ‘I can fix this’ in a short period of time,” said Walker.

The Engineman’s most important job is ensuring the ship is always capable of generating power and electricity.

In case of an emergency loss of power, there are 20 enginemen onboard to ensure the diesel engines are started and producing power until the problem is resolved, said Walker.

“Knowing that if we don’t do our job correctly then nowhere on this ship will receive electricity in case of the loss of power is more than

enough to keep us going,” said Walker.

The work that an engineman completes on a day-to-day basis wouldn’t be possible without teamwork and great leadership.

“With us it definitely starts at the top,” said Engineman 1st Class John McCalmant, leading chief petty officer of Reactor Department’s Auxiliaries division. “Senior chief pushes us every day to reach for perfection. We enjoy knowing that the work we do in our shops and compartments really keep this ship going.”

midnight in New York F R O M T H E PA G E S O F

TUESDAY, MAY 6, 2014

© 2014 The New York Times

FROM THE PAGES OF

Executives Pressed to Skip Putin Forum TOWN MEETINGS CAN HAVE PRAYER, JUSTICES DECIDE

WASHINGTON — The White House has pressured the chief executives of some of America’s largest energy, financial and industrial corporations into canceling plans to attend an economic forum in Russia to be hosted by President Vladimir V. Putin later this month, the latest effort to isolate Moscow in retaliation for its intervention in Ukraine.

The top executives of such giants as Alcoa, Goldman Sachs, PepsiCo, Morgan Stanley, ConocoPhilips and other multinational companies with business in Russia have either pulled out of the conference or plan to do so following an intensive lobbying campaign by President Obama’s advisers. Corporate officials predicted that nearly every American C.E.O. will now skip the forum in St. Petersburg.

The personal telephone calls from White House officials and Cabinet secretaries have put the executives in an awkward position because they do not want to run afoul of the Obama administration. Hoping to avoid alienating Putin at the risk of jeopardiz-

ing their operations and tens of thousands of employees in Russia, several companies are sending lower-level executives based in Moscow or Europe to the meeting from May 22 to 24.

The St. Petersburg forum, styled as Russia’s answer to the glitzy annual economic meeting in Davos, Switzerland, has thus become the latest battleground in the geopolitical contest of wills between Obama and Putin over the fate of Ukraine. Although sanctions imposed by Obama do not legally preclude American companies from sending representatives to the gathering, administration officials have told the top executives that personally participating would make them propaganda tools for Putin, who could use their presence to refute the notion that he has been isolated internationally.

The pullout could be embarrassing for Putin. As of Monday, the forum’s website was still trumpeting the participation of some American executives who now plan to skip the session. A picture of Lloyd Blankfein, the

chairman and chief executive of Goldman Sachs, for instance, was shown on the site even as a company executive privately said “there’s almost zero chance” he will go unless the Ukraine situation suddenly reverses course.

Among the top administration officials who have been working the telephones are Valerie Jarrett, the president’s senior adviser and liaison to business; Jacob J. Lew, the Treasury secretary; Penny Pritzker, the commerce secretary; and Jeffrey D. Zients, the president’s national economic adviser.

“They’ve basically been saying, ‘We’re not telling you what to do, but it wouldn’t look good,’ ” said an executive at one of the companies that received such a call, who like others declined to be named to avoid offending either side in the dispute.

“Nobody wants to get caught on the wrong side of anybody in this if they can help it,” said an industry official. “Some companies are trying to do their best to avoid getting trapped in this minefield.”

PETER BAKER

Chasing Death Camp Guards With New Tools STUTTGART, Germany — After years of relative inaction, German prosecutors have opened dozens of fresh investigations of men and women suspected of having served as Nazi death camp guards, racing against the clock to bring the aging suspects to justice. Not since the end of World War II have so many cases been initiated at once.

The surge of cases is being driven by a new generation of prosecutors who bring a less conflicted view of culpability to crimes committed during the war and who were given an opening with the 2011 conviction of John Demjanjuk, a former guard at the Sobibor death camp who spent years as an Ohio autoworker.

The prosecutors are now applying modern advances to historical crimes, like virtual models of camps to demonstrate what guards would have been able to see from their posts, as well

as spreadsheets and databases to glean critical evidence from reams of Nazi archival material.

Since March, prosecutors have opened inquiries against people suspected of playing a role in the functioning of the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp, cases that could lead to charges of complicity in the murder of tens of thousands Jews and others.

The youngest suspects are in their 80s and have lived freely in Germany for decades. Among them is a woman from Hamburg who is in her 90s and served as a guard at Auschwitz-Birkenau from September to October 1944, prosecutors say. Another is a 93-year-old man who worked as a paramedic at the camp in 1944.

He was arrested in March.

The key precedent was provided by the Demjanjuk case, in which a Munich state court convicted the former death camp guard of accessory to the mur-

der of all 28,060 people who died during the time he served there.

Since then, German federal prosecutors have reopened dozens of files on former guards. In September, the federal prosecutors recommended that state authorities pursue charges against 30 former guards.

“Of course we exchange ideas and try to help and support each other,” said Stefan Urbanek, 52, a prosecutor in Schwerin, where the 93-year-old paramedic was arrested on suspicion of accessory to the murders of more than 1,700 people at Auschwitz.

Such an approach reflects the shift in Germany’s justice system, which for decades seemed unwilling to seek new ways to prosecute former guards, said Nathan Stoltzfus, a professor at Florida State University. “It shows what you can do with a concerted effort to get a conviction,” he said. MELISSA EDDY

WASHINGTON — In a major decision on the role of religion in government, the Supreme Court on Monday ruled that the Constitution allows town boards to start their sessions with sectarian prayers.

The ruling, by a 5-to-4 vote, divided the court’s more conservative members from its liberal ones, and their combative opinions reflected very different views of the role of faith in public life, in contemporary society and in the founding of the Republic.

Justice Anthony M. Kennedy, writing for the majority, said that a town in New York had not violated the Constitution by starting meetings with a prayer from a “chaplain of the month” who was almost always Christian and who sometimes used distinctly sectarian language.

The prayers were ceremonial, Kennedy wrote, and served to signal the solemnity of the occasion.

Justice Elena Kagan said in dissent that the town’s practices could not be reconciled “with the First Amendment’s promise that every citizen, irrespective of her religion, owns an equal share in her government.” She did not propose banning prayer, Kagan said, but only requiring officials to take steps to ensure “that opening prayers are inclusive of different faiths.”

Town officials in Greece, N.Y., near Rochester, said that members of all faiths, and atheists, were welcome to give the opening prayer. In practice, however, almost all of the chaplains were Christian.

Kennedy said traditions starting with the first Congress supported the constitutionality of ceremonial prayers. Legislative prayer, he said, was “a practice that was accepted by the framers.”

Kagan disputed that assertion, saying that some of the most prominent members of the founding generation took pains to keep sectarian language away from public life. “The demand for neutrality among religions is not a product of 21st century ‘political correctness,’ ” she wrote, “but of the 18th century view.”

ADAM LIPTAK

INTERNATIONAL

Return of Polio Prompts Warning Of an Emergency Alarmed by the spread of polio to several fragile countries, the World Health Organization declared a global health emergency on Monday for only the second time since regulations permitting it to do so were adopted in 2007.

Two years ago — after a 25-year campaign that vaccinated billions of children — the paralyzing virus was near eradication; now health officials say that goal could evaporate if swift action is not taken.

Pakistan, Syria and Cameroon have recently allowed the virus to spread — to Afghanistan, Iraq and Equatorial Guinea, respectively — and should take extraordinary measures to stop it, the W.H.O. said. “Things are going in the wrong direction and have to get back on track before something terrible happens,” said Gregory Hartl, a W.H.O. spokesman.

The declaration, which effectively imposes travel restrictions on the three countries, represented a newly aggressive stance by the W.H.O., which has often bent to pressure from member states demanding no consequences even as epidemics raged inside their borders and sometimes slipped over them.

“This is a fundamental shift in the program,” said Dr. Bruce Aylward, the W.H.O.’s chief of polio eradication. “This is the countries of the world signaling that they will no longer tolerate the spread of the virus from the countries that aren’t finished.”

The emergency was declared though the total number of known cases this year is still relatively small: 68 as of April 30, as compared to 24 by that date last year.

What most alarmed experts, Hartl said, was that the virus was on the move during what is normally the low-transmission season from January to April.

Fighting the virus normally includes several rounds of vaccination of all young children in a target country. But, in an unusual step, the agency also said all residents of Pakistan, Syria and Cameroon, of all ages, should be vaccinated before traveling abroad, and that this restriction should retained until one year after the last “exported case.”

DONALD G. McNEIL Jr. and RICK GLADSTONE

TUESDAY, MAY 6, 2014

2

Government and Rebel Forces Clash in Ukraine SLOVYANSK, Ukraine — Ukrainian security forces and antigovernment rebels clashed on the edges of this rebel-controlled city on Monday as the acting president, Oleksandr V. Turchynov, said roadblocks were being set up around Ukraine’s capital, Kiev, because of fears of disturbances or violence during an emotionally charged holiday later in the week.

As many as 10 rebels and four soldiers were killed in the fighting, according to the official accounts from both sides, along with a woman who was shot while standing on an apartment balcony during a bloody firefight along the highway to the east of Slovyansk.

But at the end of the day the violence accomplished little for either side besides deepening resentments and anger and appearing to push the crisis further from a chance at peaceful resolution.

The rebels yielded a single checkpoint to the government, at Rybkhoz, from which they withdrew during a morning advance by a Ukrainian armored unit. But the antigovernment forces still held Slovyansk, where residents continued to create obstacles to any military push.

The most pitched fighting, at Semyonovka, at the city’s eastern border, ended with both sides pulling back with their wounded or dead, leaving behind pools of

The funeral of a woman who was shot and killed in Kramatorsk, Ukraine.

Clashes between troops and rebels continued on Monday.

SERGEY PONOMAREV FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

blood, burning vehicles and a gas station that was rocked by the explosion of a propane tank.

The fighting there also included the civilian death, which is likely to fuel the city’s building sense of anger and grief.

In Kiev, the provisional government said vehicle checkpoints had been set up around the capital in anticipation of potential violence before a holiday on Friday commemorating victory over the Nazis in World War II. “War is in effect being waged against us, and we must be ready to repel this aggression,” Turchynov said, announcing the roadblocks on Monday.

Turchynov also said that Parliament would meet in a special closed session on Tuesday for a report by security agencies on measures to stabilize the country.

In a statement, he urged all lawmakers to attend and said that “important decisions will be taken related to the security of Ukraine.”

Most of the residents of Slovyansk have never experienced war, and in Khimik, a neighborhood about a mile and a half from the battle, people crowded on the upper-story balconies of an apartment building to watch as the two sides clashed at an intersection.

This curiosity proved fatal, according to Sergey N. Sheptenko, when his wife, Irina Boevets, 30, was struck by a bullet in the head.

Sheptenko found her moments later, lying in a pool of blood.

Standing with reddened eyes before his apartment door, he whispered, “There is no one, no one is home. Only silence.”

C. J. CHIVERS and NOAH SNEIDER

In Brief A Threat to Sell Kidnapped Girls

Syrian Opposition Granted Status

In a video message apparently made by the leader of Nigeria’s Islamist group Boko Haram, Abubakar Shekau claimed responsibility for the kidnapping of hundreds of schoolgirls nearly three weeks ago, called the girls slaves and threatened to “sell them in the market, by Allah.” “Girls, you should go and get married,” Shekau said in the 57-minute video. He also warned that he would “give their hands in marriage because they are our slaves.”

(NYT)

As a delegation of Syrian opposition leaders arrived in Washington to plead for more American support, the Obama administration on Monday granted the group diplomatic status and pledged an additional $27 million in nonlethal assistance.

The moves are calculated to bolster the opposition’s prestige at a time when President Bashar al-Assad’s regime has made military gains, though the changes do not reverse the White House’s longstanding reluctance to get more deeply involved in the conflict.

(NYT)

Muslim Brotherhood Is Targeted Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, the former general who led the military takeover in Cairo last summer and stands for election as president next month, promised Monday that his victory would mean the elimination of the Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamist group that dominated the previous elections. In a televised interview with two supportive talk show hosts that marked the beginning of his presidential campaign, Sisi insisted that Egyptians had called for an end to the Brotherhood when huge throngs marched last June 30 in protest against the rule of its ally, President Mohamed Morsi.

(NYT)

Jet Search to Enter Next Phase Experts from Malaysia, China, Australia and other countries plan to meet in Canberra, Australia’s capital, on Wednesday to coordinate the next phase of the underwater search for Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, with an intensified examination of the ocean floor, officials said Monday. Warren Truss, Australia’s deputy prime minister, said the next phase would require mapping of the ocean bed, conducting an audit of all information collected to date and deploying new search equipment.

(NYT)

NATIONAL

TUESDAY, MAY 6, 2014

Mortality Drop Seen to Follow ’06 Health Law BOSTON — The death rate in Massachusetts dropped significantly after it adopted mandatory health care coverage in 2006, a study released Monday found, offering evidence that the country’s first experiment with universal coverage — and the model for crucial parts of President Obama’s health care law — has saved lives, health economists say.

The study tallied deaths in Massachusetts from 2001 to 2010 and found that the mortality rate — the number of deaths per 100,000 people — fell by about 3 percent in the four years after the law went into effect. The decline was steepest in counties with the highest proportions of poor and uninsured people. In contrast, the mortality rate in a control group of counties similar to Massachusetts in other states was largely unchanged.

A national 3 percent decline in mortality among adults under 65 would mean about 17,000 fewer deaths a year.

“It’s big,” said Samuel Preston,

a demographer at the University of Pennsylvania. Preston, who was not involved in the study, said it added to a growing body of evidence that people with health insurance could reap the ultimate benefit — longer life.

Experts said the study, which was published online Monday in the Annals of Internal Medicine, will not settle the long-debated question of whether being insured prolongs life, but it provides the most credible evidence yet that it might. Still, health improvements can take years to surface in mortality data, and some researchers were skeptical of the magnitude and suddenness of the decline.

“Health care is a much more involved process — you don’t just sign up and suddenly get well,” said Joseph Antos, a health economist at the conservative American Enterprise Institute.

Massachusetts is whiter and more affluent than most states, and has more doctors per capita and fewer uninsured people. But

researchers said that the state’s health insurance law amounted to the best natural experiment the country has had for testing the effects of a major insurance expansion on a large population.

Dr. Benjamin Sommers, the lead author and an economist and a physician at the Harvard School of Public Health, cautioned that researchers did not have individual data on the 270,000 people who had gained insurance in the state, and could not tell for sure whether it was the expansion that had driven the mortality decline.

Experts said it was the best attempt yet to isolate the effects of insurance. The Affordable Care Act is its own experiment, as only about half the states expanded Medicaid. “It’s very unfortunate for people living in states not expanding Medicaid,” said Richard Kronick, a health policy official at the Department of Health and Human Services, “but from the point of view of research, it’s a gold mine.”

SABRINA TAVERNISE

Outside Spending Enters Arena of Judicial Races RALEIGH, N.C. — The ad first appeared on television the Friday before last, a black-and-white spot charging that Justice Robin Hudson coddled child molesters and “sided with the predators” in a North Carolina Supreme Court dissent. It has run constantly since.

As notable as the ad’s content and frequency, though, is its source. It was created and aired not by one of Hudson’s two opponents in Tuesday’s primary election, but by a group that had just received $650,000 from the Republican State Leadership Committee in Washington, which pools donations from corporations and indi-

viduals to promote conservatives in state politics and is now broadening its scope to target judicial races.

The sums have been unusual for such elections. The primary race for Hudson’s Supreme Court seat alone has drawn more than $1 million — the bulk of it by independent groups including the Republican committee and an arm of the state Chamber of Commerce, which has spent $250,000 to promote both of her opponents with money from companies including Reynolds American, Blue Cross Blue Shield and Koch Industries.

The costly and fierce primary shows how the revolution in fi-

nancing political campaigns, with the surging role of “super PACs” and other groups financed by corporations, unions and other interests, has entered what was the quieter arena of judicial elections.

Alicia Bannon, a lawyer with the liberal Brennan Center for Justice at New York University, said the Republican initiative was hardly isolated. “We’ve seen a flood of special interest money pouring into state Supreme Court races,” she said. “It often goes toward ads attacking judges’ criminal records, even when the interest group is focused on business interests or other unrelated issues.”

ERIK ECKHOLM

Judicial Nominee’s Memos on Drone Killings Draw Concern WASHINGTON — President Obama’s choice for a powerful appeals court appointment is in peril from both the left and the right, highlighting how the fraught politics of an election year are threatening the president’s agenda even among his allies on Capitol Hill.

The nomination of David Barron, who was a Justice Department lawyer at the start of the administration and is now a Harvard Law School professor, is mired

in a maw of contentious issues.

Republicans object to what they say are his radically liberal views on the Constitution. Democrats in conservative-leaning states, especially those who are up for re-election, are wary that a vote for him might backfire with voters at home. And members of both parties say they are disturbed by Barron’s authorship of legal memos that justified the United States’ killing of an American citizen

overseas with a drone.

Barron, chosen by the president last year for a vacancy on the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit, needs 51 votes, meaning that only a handful of Democrats, who control 55 seats, could defect. The majority leader, Harry Reid, has not decided whether he will proceed with a vote given the uncertainty, a spokesman said Monday.

JEREMY W. PETERS

3

In Brief Border Agents Rarely Disciplined for Abuse On Feb. 16, 2010, a Mexican teenager caught trying to cross into the United States near Douglas, Ariz., filed a formal complaint accusing a border patrol agent of punching him in the face during his arrest. Three months later, a pregnant woman in or around El Paso reported that a border patrol agent had kicked her, causing her to miscarry. In both cases, records show, no disciplinary action was taken. Of 809 abuse complaints against agents within 100 miles of the southwest border from January 2009 to January 2012, only 13 led to disciplinary action, and typically that meant counseling, internal affairs records showed.

(NYT)

Detroit Bankruptcy Plan Moves Forward A federal judge on Monday signed off on a document that cleared the way for tens of thousands of retirees, employees and bondholders to begin receiving ballots on Detroit’s plan for shrinking its debt and rebuilding the city. Hoping to exit bankruptcy court by mid-October, Detroit officials have raced to reach deals with city workers and others in an effort to ease and expedite the entire process. City officials have filed amended and re-amended proposals detailing how much of the $18 billion in debt that Detroit could actually pay.

(NYT)

Clip Is Suspected In Circus Accident Investigators suspect that a snapped clip sent eight aerial acrobats plummeting 20 feet or more during a daring act in which performers dangle from their hair. One injured performer told her father she didn’t notice anything amiss before her “plunge into darkness.” The clip, a common type called a carabiner that is used for everything from rock climbing to holding keyrings, was one of several pieces at the top of a chandelier-like apparatus that suspended the performers, fire officials said. After the accident, in Providence, R.I., the 4- to 5-inch steel clip was found in three pieces on the ground with its spine snapped.

(AP)

TUESDAY, MAY 6, 2014 4

BUSINESS

THE MARKETS

Faltering Target Parts Ways With Its Chief notes to investors on Monday, retail analysts said Steinhafel’s resignation did not bode well for the company’s performance.

“Presumably the board was not pleased with Steinhafel’s performance, and we think that it is fair to assume that current business trends are not particularly good,” Faye Landes, an analyst at Cowen, wrote in a note to investors.

“The board also may have come to the conclusion that the problems leading to the credit breach were the results of underinvestment, which is a C.E.O. decision, and the aftereffect of the breach may ultimately be quite costly, which we believe to be the case.”

Landes said that many of the retailer’s shortcomings — including its performance in Canada and at its retail site, which some analysts say they believe is trail-

ing the competition — also reflect a lack of investment.

A Target spokeswoman, Dustee Jenkins, said the decision to replace Steinhafel had been made recently.

Target, one of the country’s largest retailers, is known for promoting from the ranks, but said it would consider candidates both inside and outside the company, as well as from outside the retail industry. In the interim, it named John Mulligan, the chief financial officer, to be president and chief executive.

But no obvious successor was readily apparent. And given the complexities of Target’s challenges and the size of its operations — the retailer had $72.6 billion in revenue last year — analysts say filling the role may be a challenge.

ELIZABETH A. HARRIS

Hedge Fund Moguls’ Pay Has the 1% Looking Up Hedge fund managers heavily populate the so-called 1 percent in the United States, and they are getting richer.

The 25 highest-earning hedge fund managers in the United States took home a total of $21.15 billion in compensation in 2013, according to an annual ranking published by Institutional Investor’s Alpha magazine.

They earned that hefty sum in a year when most hedge fund managers fell short of the market’s returns. The multibillion-dollar payday is the highest since 2010 and it is 50 percent more than in 2012, according to the survey.

David A. Tepper, the founder of Appaloosa Management, maintained his spot atop the list, bring-

ing in $3.5 billion last year after earning $2.2 billion in 2012. Steven A. Cohen of SAC Capital Advisors ranked No. 2 after pocketing $2.4 billion, while John A. Paulson of Paulson & Company took home $2.3 billion, ranking No. 3.

The size of these paychecks are estimates based on the value of each manager’s stake in their hedge funds and the fees they charge. Investors typically pay management fees of 2 percent of the total assets under management and 20 percent of the profits.

Daring bets that bring investors huge gains have helped justify the high terms, but lackluster returns in recent years have drawn criticism from many in the investing community.

For most hedge fund clients, 2013 was disappointing. It was the fifth consecutive year that hedge funds fell short of stock market performance, with the average fund returning 9.1 percent, according to a composite index of 2,200 portfolios collected by HFR, a firm that tracks the industry.

By comparison, the Standard & Poor’s 500-stock index soared 32.4 percent after accounting for dividends.

Some hedge fund titans took home large sums of money even as their investors were left with little to show, in large part because of the sheer size of the assets under management and the fees they charge.

ALEXANDRA STEVENSON

Five Banks Sued on Claims of Fixing the Price of Gold Frustrated traders and offbeat activists have complained for years that the price of gold has been subject to collusion. On Monday, these accusations of manipulation found a more august arena for expression: the federal courts.

Lawyers for more than 20 plaintiffs gathered in Federal District Court in Manhattan to coordinate their lawsuits against the five banks that make up what is known as the London gold fix.

The suits contend that the banks have used their privileged posi-

tions as market makers to rig the price of gold to their own benefit.

The lawsuits question the integrity of the gold fix, which dates to 1919, when a handful of bankers began to meet in the offices of N. M. Rothschild & Sons in London. The purpose of the fix is to set a benchmark price for gold, which is used by dealers, central banks and mining firms to buy and sell the precious metal and its various derivatives.

These days, the fix takes place by phone twice a day — at 10:30 a.m. London time and again at

3 p.m. — and generally lasts 10 minutes to an hour. According to one of the suits, “The ‘great flaw’ of the gold fixing process is that the member banks trade on the information exchanged during the call to manipulate the price of gold and gold derivatives before publication of the gold fix to the wider market.”

Each of the banks — Barclays, Scotiabank, Deutsche Bank, HSBC and Société Générale — denied, or declined to comment, on the accusations of collusion.

ALAN FEUER

DJIA

U

NASDAQ

17.66 0.11%

U

16,530.55

S & P 500

14.16 0.34%

U

4,138.06

3.52 0.19%

1,884.66

EU R O PE BRITAIN

GERMANY

FRANCE

FTSE 100

DAX

CAC 40

Market holiday

D

26.52 0.28%

4.52 0.10%

U

9,529.50

4,462.69

AS I A /PACIF I C JAPAN

HONG KONG

CHINA

NIKKEI 225

HANG SENG

SHANGHAI

Market holiday

Market holiday

1.00 0.05%

U

2,027.35

A MER I CAS

D

CANADA

BRAZIL

MEXICO

TSX

BOVESPA

BOLSA

68.12 0.46%

465.86 U 0.88%

14,697.03

U

53,446.17

79.93 0.20%

41,047.88

C O MMODI T I E S/ B O N D S

U

GOLD

10-YR. TREAS. CRUDE OIL YIELD

6.40

U

$1,309.00

0.02 2.61%

D

0.28 $99.48

FOREIGN EXCHANGE Fgn. currency in Dollars

Australia (Dollar) Bahrain (Dinar) Brazil (Real) Britain (Pound) Canada (Dollar) China (Yuan) Denmark (Krone) Dom. Rep. (Peso) Egypt (Pound) Europe (Euro) Hong Kong (Dollar) Japan (Yen) Mexico (Peso) Norway (Krone) Singapore (Dollar) So. Africa (Rand) So. Korea (Won) Sweden (Krona) Switzerland (Franc)

.9269 2.6524 .4459 1.6862 .9130 .1601 .1860 .0232 .1426 1.3874 .1290 .0098 .0766 .1679 .8003 .0953 .0010 .1526 1.1393

Dollars in fgn.currency

1.0789 .3770 2.2429 .5930 1.0953 6.2453 5.3769 43.0700 7.0149 .7208 7.7518 102.13 13.0550 5.9560 1.2495 10.4960 1029.5 6.5514 .8777

Source: Thomson Reuters

ONLINE: MORE PRICES AND ANALYSIS

➡

The chief executive of Target, Gregg Steinhafel, resigned from the company on Monday, signaling the depths of the damage done by last year’s extensive breach of customer information.

While the online attack has been the most prominent of the retailer’s problems, other issues — including sluggish customer traffic, a competitive online market and a badly disappointing expansion into Canada — have compounded the turmoil.

After extensive discussions between the board and Steinhafel, and as the company’s latest quarter drew to a close, Target’s board said on Monday that it had determined the company needed new leadership.

Target is scheduled to release earnings for its first financial quarter later this month, and in

Information on all United States stocks, plus bonds, mutual funds, commodities and foreign stocks along with analysis of industry sectors and stock indexes:

nytimes.com/markets

TUESDAY, MAY 6, 2014 5

BUSINESS

A Tech Push Has Board Games Rolling Again MERCER ISLAND, Wash. — Dan Shapiro sold a company to Google and worked at Microsoft.

His name is on nearly a dozen technology-related patents.

But when it came time for his latest venture, Shapiro turned to technology to produce something decidedly low-tech: a board game for children.

Technology should have killed old-fashioned games, which can never equal the eye-popping graphics, visceral action and immense online communities of today’s video games. Yet the opposite has occurred. Largely because of new technologies, there has been a creative outpouring of games by independent designers.

“It has unlocked a whole generation of innovative gameplay experimentation that just wasn’t feasible before,” Shapiro said.

New tools now power the creation of tabletop games — many in the strategy or fantasy genres — from idea to delivery. Crowdfunding sites provide the seed money and offer an early gauge of demand. Machines like 3-D printers can rapidly create figurines, dice and other prototype game pieces. And Amazon, the online retail giant, can handle shipping and distribution.

Sales have followed. While the video game business long ago eclipsed its low-tech cousin, sales

Dan Shapiro’s 5-year-old daughter plays Robot Turtles.

The game is designed to subtly teach children basic computer programming concepts.

DAVID RYDER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

of tabletop games have continued to grow. Sales at hobby stores in the United States rose 15 to 20 percent in each of the last three years, according to ICv2, a trade publication that tracks the business. Amazon says board game sales increased by a double-digit percentage from 2012 to 2013.

On Kickstarter, the largest crowdfunding service, in which users can pledge money to finance projects, the amount of money raised last year for tabletop games exceeded the amount raised for video games, $52.1 million to $45.3 million.

“It has been this amazing boon for the average game designer to come in, put up an idea, get it funded and get to press,” said Peter Adkison, founder and former chief executive of Wizards of the Coast, a tabletop game publisher

he sold to Hasbro in 2001.

Shapiro’s experience with Robot Turtles, a game meant to teach children basic computer programming concepts, illustrates how the new model works.

Shapiro raised $631,000 on Kickstarter in just under a month, far exceeding his $25,000 goal.

Robot Turtles has more backers than any other tabletop game in Kickstarter’s history, with 13,765 people pitching in money for the project, and Shapiro had more than 20,000 presales on the site.

Shapiro found a game manufacturer in Michigan by doing a Google search and paid it to make 25,000 copies of the game.

“It felt like technological advancement had anticipated my needs almost perfectly,” said Shapiro, who sold all 25,000 copies.

NICK WINGFIELD

Virulent Fungus Cripples Central American Coffee Farms SAN LUCAS TOLIMÁN, Guatemala — When coffee rust attacked the farms clinging to the volcanic slopes above this Mayan town, the disease was unsparing, reducing mountainside rows of coffee trees to lattices of gray twigs.

During last year’s harvest, Román Lec, who grows coffee on a few acres here, lost half his crop.

This year, he borrowed about $2,000 for fertilizer and fungicide to protect the plants, as he did last year. But the disease returned and he lost even more.

“There are nights when you cannot sleep, thinking how to pay back the money,” said Lec, 65.

A plant-choking fungus called coffee rust, or la roya, has swept across Central America, withering trees and slashing production everywhere. As exports have plunged over the last two years, the effects have rippled through the local economies.

Big farmers hire fewer workers to pick the ripe coffee cherries that enclose the beans. Smaller farmers go into debt and sell livestock or tools to make up for the lost income. Sales fall at local merchants. Teenagers leave school to work on the farm because their parents can no longer hire outside help. At the very end of the chain are the landless migrant workers who earn just a few dollars a day.

“If you frame this in terms of everyone that is connected to the economics of coffee, it’s a very serious problem,” said Roberto de Michele, a specialist at the Inter-American Development Bank who is based in Guatemala City.

The coffee rust has spread far and fast, driven by higher temperatures in the region that have allowed the fungus to thrive at higher altitudes. Many experts say climate change is largely to

blame for the shifting weather patterns.

The economics of the business have added to the farmers’ plight.

After years of low coffee prices, smaller farmers could not afford to replace aging coffee plants, which have proved more vulnerable to the rust’s attack.

“There was nothing to hold it back because the farms were in very poor shape,” said Maja Wallengren, a coffee expert based in Mexico.

In Central America, the pain is acute. Four million people there and in southern Mexico rely on coffee for their living, according to the Inter-American Development Bank. Twenty percent of the half-million jobs in Guatemala directly tied to the crop have already disappeared, estimated Nils Leporowski, the president of Anacafé, the country’s coffee board.

ELISABETH MALKIN

MOST ACTIVE, GAINERS AND LOSERS

% Volume Stock (Ticker) Close Chg chg (100) 10 MOST ACTIVE Pfizer (PFE) Bankof (BAC) Facebo (FB) JPMorg (JPM) FordMo (F) Micros (MSFT) Micron (MU) Flextr (FLEX) Intel (INTC) Groupo (GRPN)

29.96 15.08 61.22 54.22 15.74 39.43 26.74 9.50 26.17 6.89

◊0.79 ◊0.17 +0.07 ◊1.36 ◊0.16 ◊0.57 +0.49 +0.27 ◊0.28 ◊0.19

◊2.6 ◊1.1 +0.1 ◊2.4 ◊1.0 ◊1.4 +1.9 +2.9 ◊1.1 ◊2.7

548643 513891 459243 252092 251199 224384 211057 208278 206905 206399

% Volume Stock (Ticker) Close Chg chg (100) 10 TOP GAINERS Cadiz (CDZI) GeoPar (GPRK) Medica (MDCI) Lydall (LDL) Karyop (KPTI) B/EAer (BEAV) AAON (AAON) KandiT (KNDI) IntriC (IIN) KingDi (KING)

8.00 9.00 7.07 26.03 29.14 97.22 31.57 12.33 7.26 19.05

+1.82 +1.00 +0.68 +2.37 +2.42 +8.86 +3.23 +0.94 +0.57 +1.49

+29.4 +12.5 +10.6 +10.0 +9.1 +10.0 +11.4 +8.3 +8.5 +8.5

7678 1255 2999 1827 1296 83731 2681 15494 2464 31264

% Volume Stock (Ticker) Close Chg chg (100) 10 TOP LOSERS BroadS (BSFT) TysonF (TSN) TrexCo (TREX) Univer (OLED) Crawfo (CRD.A) SigmaT (SGMA) Pacifi (PEIX) Realog (RLGY) SciQue (SQI) Kopper (KOP)

20.16 38.44 71.61 23.67 8.50 9.17 12.56 39.04 17.66 39.19

◊4.98 ◊4.21 ◊7.80 ◊2.26 ◊0.88 ◊1.04 ◊1.12 ◊3.62 ◊6.11 ◊3.41

◊19.8 ◊9.9 ◊9.8 ◊8.7 ◊9.4 ◊10.2 ◊8.2 ◊8.5 ◊25.7 ◊8.0

49823 109898 17782 20385 783 1185 23971 162443 5040 3858

Source: Thomson Reuters

Stocks on the Move Stocks that moved substantially or traded heavily Monday: Target Corp., down $2.14 to $59.87. A massive data breach at the retailer has now cost its C.E.O. his job five months after it was disclosed.

JPMorgan Chase & Co., down $1.36 to $54.22. The bank said trading revenue this quarter will fall about 20 percent, and it warned of a challenging trading environment going forward.

Pfizer Inc., down 79 cents to $29.96.

The drugmaker’s first-quarter profit dropped 15 percent despite sharp cost cutting as cheaper generics weighed on earnings.

Tyson Foods Inc., down $4.21 to $38.44. The food producer fell short on earnings expectations during the second quarter and its profit outlook left some disappointed.

B/E Aerospace Inc., up $8.26 to $97.22.

The maker of airplane seats and many other things you see on a commercial flight said that it could put itself on the block.

BroadSoft Inc., down $4.84 to $20.16.

The company, which makes software for cable providers and others, fell short of Wall Street expectations for profit and revenue.

(AP)

SCIENCE

TUESDAY, MAY 6, 2014 6

Good News From Chernobyl’s Fallout Zone

Still Counting Gulf Spill’s Effect

NOVOSHEPELYCHI, Ukraine — The clicking sound from Timothy Mousseau’s radiation detector slowly increased as he walked through the forest here, about five miles west of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

As he stopped to examine a spider web on a branch, the display on the device showed 25 microsieverts an hour — typical, Mousseau said, for this area around Novoshepelychi. It is one of hundreds of villages that were abandoned after radioactive fallout from the 1986 reactor explosion and fire at the plant rendered a large part of this region uninhabitable.

The levels of radioactivity here are far below those still found in parts of the deteriorating shelter that covers the destroyed reactor.

But the levels in this lowland glade are higher than normal. In 10 days here a person would be exposed to as much radiation as a typical resident of the United States receives in a year. That makes it off-limits except for short forays, but a good place to study the long-term effects of radiation on organisms.

“This level of chronic exposure is above what most species will tolerate without showing some signs, either in terms of how long they live or in the number of tumors they have, or genetic mutations and cataracts,” Mousseau said. “It’s a perfect laboratory setting for us.”

Mousseau, a biologist at the

High levels of radioactivity near a small Ukrainian city have resulted in forced evolution for certain bird species.

WILLIAM DANIELS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

University of South Carolina, has been coming to the contaminated area around Chernobyl, known as the exclusion zone, since 1999.

The list of creatures being studied is long: chiffchaffs, blackcaps, barn swallows and other birds; insects, including bumblebees, butterflies and cicadas; spiders and bats; and mice, voles and other small rodents. Since the nuclear meltdowns at Fukushima, Japan, three years ago, he has conducted similar research there, too.

In dozens of papers over the years Mousseau and colleagues have reported evidence of radiation’s toll. Their most recent findings, published last month, showed something new. Some bird species, they reported in the journal Functional Ecology, appear to have adapted to the radioactive environment by producing higher levels of protective antioxidants, with correspondingly less genetic damage. For these birds, Mousseau said, chronic exposure

to radiation appears to be a kind of “unnatural selection” driving evolutionary change.

Ionizing radiation, like that produced by cesium, strontium and other radioactive isotopes, affects living tissue largely by breaking strands of DNA. Studying the effects on animals and insects can lead to a better understanding of the impact on people as well.

Some researchers have challenged the studies, arguing that it is difficult to show that radiation levels in the exclusion zone have had much noticeable effect. There have also been anecdotal reports suggesting that the lack of human activity there has led to the area becoming a haven for wildlife.

Mousseau dismisses the idea that the zone is some kind of post-apocalyptic Eden. But the latest study has given him pause, he said, because it is the first to show the kind of adaptations that may allow some creatures to thrive.

HENRY FOUNTAIN

A 9,000-Year-Old Hunting Cabin, Underwater A 9,000-year-old stone structure used to capture caribou has been discovered 120 feet beneath the surface of Lake Huron. Researchers say it is the most complex structure of its kind in the Great Lakes region.

“The only evidence we’re going to find of this kind is underwater,” said John O’Shea, an anthropological archaeologist at the University of Michigan who led the project.

“If it had existed anywhere on land, it would have been disturbed by farming.”

The remarkable structure consists of a lane with two parallel lines of stones leading to a culde-sac. Within the lines are three circular hunting blinds where prehistoric hunters hid while taking aim at caribou.

The structure’s size and de-

sign suggest that hunting was probably a group effort, with one group of hunters shepherding the caribou toward the blinds while another group waited to attack, O’Shea said.

The site was discovered using sonar technology on the Alpena-Amberley Ridge, 35 miles southeast of Alpena, Mich., which was once a dry land corridor.

In their paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the researchers suggest that the structure was used in the spring, when large groups of hunter-gatherers assembled.

He and his colleagues also discovered charcoal nearby, a sign that the spot might have been a campsite.

“We will be looking with more effort at campsites as opposed to

UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS

Groups of prehistoric hunters used a structure found under water to capture caribou. hunting sites,” he said. “Campsites will have much more information about the people.”

SINDYA N. BHANOO

After the Deepwater Horizon oil rig blew out in the Gulf of Mexico some 50 miles from the nearest land, responders were left to cope with a search area of nearly 40,000 square miles, as well as wind and currents that kept evidence of damage away from the more easily searchable coastline.

Patrollers recovered fewer than 3,000 dead birds. But some had suspected that many more were unaccounted for.

Now new studies attempt to quantify the extent of damage inflicted on the gulf’s bird population from the spill. In doing so, they illustrate the difficulty of calculating a death toll in such geographically challenging circumstances — and of establishing a figure that is widely accepted.

Based on models using publicly available data, the studies estimate that about 800,000 birds died in coastal and offshore waters.

“Part of the reason they discovered so few carcasses is because the oceanographic currents for the most part moved them away,” said Jeffrey Short, an author of the studies.

Short, a marine chemist working now as an independent consultant, spent most of his 31-year career with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration studying the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska. For the latest studies, Short and two colleagues were working as independent consultants for two law firms representing clients with environmental impact claims still pending against BP after the rig exploded on April 20, 2010, causing the spill.

Chris Haney, one of the studies’ authors, is the chief scientist for Defenders of Wildlife, which has been involved in lawsuits against BP. The results are bound to be controversial. The science of calculating the number of birds affected in a catastrophe of this type remains imprecise, and official studies by BP and the federal government are not yet publicly available for comparison.

While the ratio of deaths to carcasses varies, it is typically estimated at 10 to 1 or lower. But the new research, to be published in the journal Marine Ecology Progress Series, makes the case for a significantly higher ratio for the gulf spill.

MARK SCHROPE

TUESDAY, MAY 6, 2014 7

JOURNAL

Cosmic Connections in the Deep Sea blues. Maybe it was just narcosis of the deep, but I’ve never felt so connected to the cosmos.

I climbed out of the water that day and stared up at Orion, recalling my boyhood dreams of space travel.

I dive for the childish joy of flying, zooming up and down like Superman, and for the joy of being surrounded by colorful fish you can’t catch, like errant thoughts you can’t follow.

But the cosmos has a way of catching me.

All the aspirations of the sky are concentrated down below. The sea is its own cosmos, but it is inextricably linked to the vast invisible ocean around us. The hydrogen in its water molecules was made in the Big Bang, the oxygen in them was made in a star.

TUFFY CANYONS, Belize — I have never felt closer to the sky than when I was 170 feet under the ocean here.

On Easter morning, six of us slipped out of a boat here and followed our dive master into a canyon, dropping through jagged openings past profusions of coral waving like wheat in the wind. There were clouds of fish, turtles and the occasional shark. Then the ocean floor fell away. We were hovering on a vast wall of rock and coral, the outermost edge of the second-longest barrier reef in the world.

We were looking for a pod of dolphins that had graced these parts the day before. But I wasn’t prepared for infinity.

The color down there was the mother of all

CROSSWORD Edited by Will Shortz ACROSS ancestor, briefly 4 Barely bite, as heels 9 Stratagem 13 “Hooray!,” to José 14 First rapper to win an Oscar for Best Original Song 16 Investment firm T. ___ Price 17 Up to, informally 18 Having the trajectory of a pop-up hit 19 Time on end 20 Player of a summer lilt 23 – 24 “Uh-huh” 25 Place to get a blowout 28 And others: Abbr.

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37 Fury 38 Roman 155 39 Twisty road curve 40 Absorption 42 ___ breath (flower)

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Online subscriptions: Today’s puzzle and more than 5,000 past puzzles, nytimes.com/crosswords ($39.95 a year).

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Whatever meaning we can ascribe to the universe arose in these depths and those mysterious processes. All the logic of outer space, its vistas and apocalypses concentrated in this blue cauldron of creativity and possibility, the restless sifting of chance, adaptation, survival and extinction. Life began percolating somewhere hereabout 3.5 billion years ago, crawling out into a new oxygenated atmosphere three billion years after that.

Inevitably as you hang in the blue void, you wonder if this magic has occurred anywhere else. I’ve spent my share of time gazing up at the Milky Way, wondering if anyone is, was or will be out there, or how we would ever know or meet them in the confounding depths of space and time.

For the last two decades, NASA’s mantra in the search for life out there has been “follow the water.” And last month NASA requested ideas for a robot mission to Jupiter’s most enigmatic moon, Europa, whose sheath of ice is thought to encase an ocean with more water than is contained on the oceans of Earth.

At least for now, the plans don’t include landing on Europa or drilling through the ice with a fishing pole or something more sophisticated, but one priority is to look for future landing sites on the moon. If that doesn’t work, there is always Saturn’s moon Enceladus, which apparently also has a hidden ocean and is spurting water and who knows what else from cracks near its South Pole. So there is some hope of yet discovering company in the form of pond slime or better in the solar system before the end of the century.

Perhaps it is the fate of cold, dark matter to be the cradle for warm, wet matter — at least in this universe.

We don’t know if this is a lucky universe or whether life is inevitable in some sense, or — for that matter — what life is.

In the meantime there is life down there, and it’s hard not to feel connected when you are in the womb, so to speak.

DENNIS OVERBYE

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TUESDAY, MAY 6, 2014 8

OPINION

EDITORIALS OF THE TIMES

A Defeat for Religious Neutrality The American values of pluralism and inclusion are central to the First Amendment, which forbids government from favoring or aligning itself with any particular religion or believers over nonbelievers.

In a lamentable ruling on Monday, the Supreme Court’s conservative majority brushed past those core values to allow the town of Greece, in upstate New York, to begin its town hall meetings with a sectarian prayer nearly always from a Christian “chaplain of the month.”

Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing for the majority, relied on the Supreme Court’s decision in Marsh v. Chambers, a 1983 case in which the court upheld the Nebraska Legislature’s practice of opening its sessions with a chaplain’s prayer, saying that such invocations were “deeply embedded in the history and tradition of this country.”

Yet, as Justice Elena Kagan emphasized in a persuasive dissent, determining whether a particular prayer program violates the First Amendment is a fact-specific exercise, and there are important distinctions between the practice in the Nebraska case and the practice in the New York town. Kagan said a town-hall meeting “need not become a religion-free zone,” and that “legislative prayer has a distinctive constitutional warrant by virtue of tradition,” dating back to the first session of Congress. But she said the practice in the town of Greece does not fit that tradition, for starters, because, unlike the Nebraska case, which involved an audience of elected legislators, the town hall meetings involved ordinary citizens, some there to petition their local government

for permits, zoning variances and other individualized matters.

It is a situation that requires “special care,” as Kagan put it, to make sure the prayers that the citizens hear “seek to include, rather than serve to divide” and reinforce that citizens of all faiths are equal participants in government.

The town board ignored that need by never reaching out and arranging for non-Christians to offer the invocation, except in a few instances around the time the lawsuit was filed. Near-

The Supreme Court decided to let Greece, N.Y., begin town meetings with a prayer. ly all the prayers at the Greece town meetings contained purely Christian references (as in, “We acknowledge the saving sacrifice of Jesus Christ on the cross”). By contrast, the chaplain in the Nebraska case, a Presbyterian minister, refrained from making references to Jesus Christ after a legislator complained.

Kennedy cited the town board’s purported policy of being open to having prayers delivered by ministers or laymen of other faiths, but that policy was never publicized. Nor was it made clear at meetings that town residents need not participate in the prayer. It was disappointing that the Justice Department urged the justices to uphold the prayer practice in the town hall meetings, which skirted the constitutional principle of religious neutrality and caused some residents to feel like outsiders.

Protectionism Will Only Hurt France In a bid to encourage more foreign investment in France, President François Hollande in February told executives from foreign companies that the country was “open for business.” Unfortunately, officials in his government appear to be shutting the door in one case.

Hollande’s economy minister, Arnaud Montebourg, is trying to thwart General Electric’s proposed acquisition of an energy business from the French industrial company Alstom.

On Monday, Montebourg told G.E. that the government would oppose the deal. He has argued that it would be better for France if the Alstom division was owned and managed by another European company, Siemens. That protectionist argument can only discourage non-European businesses from investing in France, further damaging a sluggish economy.

French officials have often sought to block foreign acquisitions of companies it considers to be “national champions.” Last year, Montebourg blocked Yahoo’s acquisition of an online video service, Dailymotion, saying he would prefer that Yahoo establish a joint

venture rather than take majority ownership of the popular French firm. A decade ago, Nicolas Sarkozy, the finance minister at the time, opposed a proposal by Siemens to invest in Alstom.

That was then. Montebourg recently said he prefers a deal between Siemens, which is based in Munich, and Alstom. Siemens is interested in acquiring Alstom’s energy business and selling its high-speed train business to Alstom. Under such a deal, analysts say the companies would each end up with a dominant position in those respective industries, which could raise antitrust concerns.

Alstom and French officials should by all means consider an offer from Siemens while giving the G.E. proposal the most careful review. Most governments vet cross-border corporate transactions to determine if they are in the public interest. But French officials should not seek to block G.E. simply because it’s based in Connecticut. The company has been doing business in France for more than 40 years, and discriminating against it on grounds of national origin will only hurt France.

DAVID BROOKS

The Streamlined Life Every year researchers at U.C.L.A. do a survey of incoming college freshmen. These surveys show how the life cycle has changed over the past couple generations.

This first thing you see is that high school has gotten a bit easier. In 1966, only about 19 percent of high school students graduated with an A or A- average. By 2013, 53 percent of students graduated with that average.

The grades are higher even though, for many, the workload is lighter. As late as 1987, nearly half of high school students reported doing at least six hours of homework a week. By 2006, less than a third reported doing that much work.

If the high school world is lax, that changes when the college admissions process starts.

It’s not only that college admissions are more competitive; students begin to be haunted by fears about their job market prospects.

Even incoming college freshmen seem to fear they will not find lucrative and rewarding work. Harsh economic thinking plays a bigger role in how students perceive their lives.

Students saw college much more as job training than students before. In 1976, 50 percent of freshmen said they were going to college in order to make more money. By 2006, 69 percent of freshmen said that. Since 2005, the number of students who say they are going to college to get a better job has spiked upward.

Their overall values change. In 1966, only 42 percent of freshmen said that being well-off financially was an essential or very important life goal. By 2005, 75 percent of students said being well-off financially was essential or very important. Affluence, once a middling value, is now tied as students’ top life goal.

As the drive to compete intensifies, other things get streamlined away. In 1966, 86 percent of college freshmen said that developing a meaningful philosophy of life was very important. Today, less than half agree. University of Michigan studies suggest that today’s students score about 40 percent lower in measures of empathy than students did 30 years ago.

Psychologically, the effect of all this is complicated. In 1985, only 18 percent of freshmen said that they felt overwhelmed by all they had to do. By 2013, 33 percent said they felt overwhelmed. Today, students admit to being much more emotionally vulnerable.

At the same time, one gets the sense they are trying to armor up. They assert their talents.

They rate themselves much more highly than past generations on leadership skills, writing abilities, social self-confidence and so on.

Human nature hasn’t changed much. The surveys still reveal generations driven by curiosity, a desire to have a good family, a good community and good values. But people clearly feel besieged. There is the perception that life is harder. The result is that you get a group more focused on the hard utilitarian things and less focused on spiritual or philosophic things; feeling emotionally vulnerable, but also filled with résumé assertiveness. The inner world wanes; professional intensity waxes.

SPORTS

Wizards Surprise Top-Seed Pacers in Game 1 INDIANAPOLIS — Bradley Beal scored 14 of his 25 points in the fourth quarter and Trevor Ariza added 22 on Monday night, l e a d i n g WIZARDS 102 WashingPACERS 96 ton past Washington leads top-seeded series, 1-0 Indiana 10296 in Game 1 of the Eastern Conference semifinals.

The Wizards won a second-round game for the first time since 1982 and are 4-0 on the road in this year’s playoffs. They ended a 12-game losing streak at Indiana that dated to April 18, 2007, and they did it by nearly leading from wire-to-wire.

Paul George and George Hill had 18 points each for Indiana.

The Wizards trailed only once, 31-30, and took control with a 176 run to close the first half that made it 56-43. Indiana couldn’t

get closer than five points in the second half.

Game 2 is Wednesday at Indiana. The Pacers have lost both of their playoff series openers and will face another uphill battle — just days after rallying from a 3-2 deficit to beat Atlanta in seven games in the first round.

Washington made a playoff franchise-record 10 3-pointers, going 10 of 16. Ariza was 6 for 6 with five coming in the first half when he scored a playoff-career best 17 points.

But the Wizards won this one because of their defense, especially late.

After pulling out to a 92-78 lead midway through the fourth quarter, Indiana scored six straight to close to 92-84 with 3:24 left.

But Washington didn’t allow another field goal for nearly 6 minutes — from 7:41 left in the fourth

until Indiana’s last-minute 3-point flurry, and by then it was too late.

The Wizards took advantage of a five-day break after beating Chicago in the first round, looking fresh and stealing a page out of the Hawks’ playbook by spreading out the Pacers.

It worked perfectly.

The Wizards jumped to an 8-0 lead and extended the margin to 28-15 after one quarter.

The Pacers spent the second half playing catch-up, and the Wizards never let them get closer than two possessions.

After the Wizards took a 6852 lead midway through the third quarter, the Pacers finally charged back with a 10-0 run that got them within 68-62.

But Washington sealed the game with a 7-0 fourth-quarter run that made it 92-78 with 5:46 to play.

(AP)

Rangers Come Up Empty Against Penguins, Again Their coach challenged Rick Nash, Martin St. Louis and other Rangers stars to “put on their big boy pants” against Pittsburgh on Monday, but the Rangers fumbled and bumbled PENGUINS 2 their way to a RANGERS 0 2-0 loss, and fell Pittsburgh leads behind the Penseries, 2-1 guins in their second-round playoff series by two games to one.

The Rangers were shut out in consecutive playoff games for the first time since the 1937 Stanley Cup finals against Detroit.

The Rangers’ power play Monday night went 0 for 5 despite a revamped lineup, extending its

hard-to-believe goal-less streak to 34 consecutive advantages.

Penguins goaltender Marc-Andre Fleury, long derided as a shaky playoff performer, was brilliant in earning his second shutout in two nights.

Even the Rangers’ puck luck failed them. They hit the goal posts and crossbar at least three times, and their 35-15 shooting advantage went for naught.

Sidney Crosby opened the scoring with a breakaway goal 2 minutes 34 seconds into the second period. That sparked the Penguins and snapped Crosby’s goalless streak at 13 games, a personal record.

WEATHER High/low temperatures for the 21 hours ended at 4 p.m. yesterday, Eastern time, and precipitation (in inches) for the 18 hours ended at 1 p.m. yesterday. Expected conditions for today and tomorrow.

Weather conditions: C-clouds, F-fog, H-haze, I-ice, PC-partly cloudy, R-rain, S-sun, Sh-showers, Sn-snow, SS-snow showers, T-thunderstorms, Tr-trace, W-windy.

U.S. CITIES Albuquerque Atlanta Boise Boston Buffalo Charlotte Chicago Cleveland Dallas-Ft. Worth Denver Detroit

9

TUESDAY, MAY 6, 2014

Yesterday 82/ 53 0 87/ 63 0 64/ 49 0 65/ 50 0 56/ 37 0 88/ 56 0 55/ 44 0 55/ 39 0.03 91/ 63 0 83/ 49 0 55/ 42 0.03

Today 80/ 51 S 86/ 60 S 64/ 44 W 62/ 45 PC 58/ 38 PC 88/ 57 PC 65/ 51 PC 60/ 44 PC 91/ 67 S 78/ 46 S 62/ 44 PC

Tomorrow 72/ 47 S 86/ 62 S 67/ 43 C 65/ 48 S 64/ 48 PC 84/ 57 PC 82/ 59 T 75/ 55 PC 91/ 69 PC 73/ 38 T 69/ 55 PC

Houston Kansas City Los Angeles Miami Mpls.-St. Paul New York City Orlando Philadelphia Phoenix Salt Lake City San Francisco Seattle St. Louis Washington

85/ 59 82/ 56 71/ 59 86/ 70 63/ 50 69/ 50 89/ 61 68/ 49 97/ 71 74/ 54 66/ 57 59/ 49 87/ 57 66/ 50

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.33 0 0.10

The performance of Crosby and Evgeni Malkin in the Penguins’ 3-0 victory in Pittsburgh 24 hours earlier prompted Rangers Coach Alain Vigneault to issue his challenge two hours before the puck dropped for Game 3.

“Their big boys put on their big boy pants last night,” Vigneault said, responding to a question about the Rangers’ faltering attack. “I need mine to do the same.”

They did not.

But the Rangers finally get a day off Tuesday before returning to the Garden to try to even the series in Game 4 Wednesday, their sixth game in nine nights.

JEFF Z. KLEIN 85/ 67 86/ 65 69/ 55 88/ 75 64/ 49 70/ 48 90/ 65 70/ 46 86/ 63 66/ 42 64/ 51 62/ 45 84/ 65 71/ 54

PC PC PC S C PC S PC S T W PC PC PC

85/ 71 94/ 65 71/ 56 88/ 77 64/ 56 68/ 51 90/ 66 69/ 53 78/ 64 56/ 44 65/ 51 63/ 47 90/ 65 69/ 59

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FOREIGN CITIES Acapulco Athens Beijing Berlin Buenos Aires Cairo

Yesterday 93/ 78 0 75/ 55 0.38 69/ 44 0 57/ 36 0 68/ 50 0 97/ 82 0

Today 91/ 78 PC 67/ 55 PC 71/ 52 PC 71/ 53 C 70/ 55 F 90/ 66 PC

Tomorrow 87/ 79 T 70/ 55 W 77/ 52 S 66/ 47 Sh 74/ 55 PC 87/ 64 C

Cape Town Dublin Geneva Hong Kong Kingston Lima London Madrid Mexico City Montreal Moscow Nassau Paris Prague Rio de Janeiro Rome Santiago Stockholm Sydney Tokyo Toronto Vancouver Warsaw

In Brief 76ers Guard Named Rookie of the Year Michael Carter-Williams has something to show for being a bright spot in a dismal season for the Philadelphia 76ers. Carter-Williams won the N.B.A.’s Rookie of the Year Award after becoming only the third player since 1950-51 to lead all rookies in scoring (16.7), rebounding (6.3) and assists (6.2). Oscar Robertson (1960-61) and Alvan Adams (1975-76) were the others. (AP)

Setback for Liverpool Liverpool’s hopes of winning the English Premier League were dealt a hammer blow as it let slip a three-goal lead in a 3-3 draw away to Crystal Palace on Monday. The result returned Liverpool to the top of the table by a point above Manchester City, but City has a game in hand.

(AP)

A. L. SCORES MONDAY Minnesota 1, Cleveland 0, 10 innings Detroit 2, Houston 0

N.L. SCORES MONDAY Toronto 3, Philadelphia 0 Miami 4, Mets 3 St. Louis 4, Atlanta 3 Chicago White Sox 3, Cubs 1, 12 innings Milwaukee 8, Arizona 3 Colorado 8, Texas 2

N.B.A. SCORES MONDAY Washington 102, Indiana 96 Wizards lead series, 1-0

N.H. L. SCORES MONDAY Pittsburgh 2, Rangers 0 Penguins lead series, 2-1 68/ 45 59/ 48 72/ 37 77/ 70 88/ 79 72/ 64 64/ 41 82/ 46 79/ 54 55/ 45 43/ 39 84/ 74 72/ 39 55/ 30 81/ 72 66/ 48 68/ 54 48/ 27 70/ 50 68/ 59 57/ 37 57/ 48 52/ 36

0 0.12 0 0.04 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.01 0.25 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.01 0 0.12 0 0.01 0

79/ 56 56/ 45 66/ 51 77/ 72 88/ 74 76/ 62 63/ 50 84/ 54 79/ 55 57/ 36 46/ 32 86/ 77 66/ 49 70/ 52 85/ 74 71/ 48 75/ 46 48/ 36 68/ 55 68/ 56 57/ 37 59/ 47 61/ 49

PC R C R T PC PC PC PC PC R S Sh C PC S PC PC PC R PC Sh PC

73/ 55 58/ 49 68/ 47 80/ 76 87/ 75 76/ 62 61/ 50 84/ 54 74/ 54 63/ 41 50/ 39 88/ 77 65/ 52 65/ 47 84/ 72 71/ 50 75/ 48 48/ 37 68/ 55 71/ 61 56/ 45 60/ 46 67/ 48

S Sh R T T PC PC PC PC S PC PC Sh Sh PC S PC Sh PC PC PC PC R

SPORTS JOURNAL

TUESDAY, MAY 6, 2014

10

N.F.L. Prospect From Princeton Is Hitting All the Right Notes PRINCETON, N.J. — The shades were pulled low in the office of Steve Verbit, the longtime Princeton associate football coach. Caraun Reid was about to watch film. The N.F.L. draft was less than a month away, and Reid, an Ivy League defensive tackle, cued the footage: Jets versus Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Sept. 8, 2013.

Suddenly, guilt flashed across Reid’s face.

“Could they have used me at the ceremony?” Reid asked. Verbit did not quite understand.

“I was asked to sing,” Reid said.

“Could they have used me singing at the ceremony?”

There are about as many YouTube videos of the 305-pound Reid crooning on stage as there are of him tackling. His rich, dulcet tones made him a star of Princeton’s sonant circuit. There are videos of his a cappella group (Old NasSoul); his jazz band (he plays guitar and drums); his gospel singing with the campus ministry program.

walked out to the practice field later that day.

“Could have used you out there,” Coach Bob Surace said to him later.

Does Ja d e v e o n Clowney get this sort of attention? Johnny Manziel?

Manziel may be known as Johnny Football, but at Princeton, RUTH FREMSON/THE NEW YORK TIMES Reid’s nickname pracCaraun Reid is a 305-pound defensive tically became Johnny Everything. tackle from the Bronx. Playing guitar He is, with certainty, is one of Reid’s other talents. the only Jamaican-dialect-speaking Bronx naPrinceton wanted Reid to show- tive in this N.F.L. draft, who wears case his solo singing talent during glasses, sings bass, taught an eleits ceremony to introduce the new mentary school class and graduathletic director, Mollie Marcoux, ated in December with a sociology on this April afternoon. Reid po- degree. Projected by some to be selitely declined, several times. He’s lected as early as the third round, an N.F.L. prospect. He’s prepar- Reid could become Princeton’s ing for Thursday’s draft. He’s got highest draft pick since Charlie Gogolak went sixth over all in 1966. hours of film to watch.

For that to happen, Reid needed “I thought you were going to sing,” a woman said to Reid as he to convince scouts and team exec-

If Teams Aren’t Rivals Yet, Their Players Are MIAMI — Paul Pierce insisted on Sunday that there was not a rivalry between the Nets and the Miami Heat, the teams that will meet Tuesday to begin a much-anticipated Eastern Conference semifinal playoff series.

It did not matter that the clubs had already played four hotly contested games during the regular season, a four-game season sweep by the Nets. Rivalries between franchises, Pierce said, are forged during the postseason.

For the sake of entertainment, then, it may be a good thing that players change teams, bringing antagonisms along with them.

Pierce and Kevin Garnett are advancing through the playoffs in their first season with the Nets after a long successful run together on the Boston Celtics that included a championship in 2008.

Along the way, they irked opponents and earned their respect. It was true with the Heat, and even more so with LeBron James, who will meet Pierce and Garnett in the playoffs for the fifth time in seven seasons. The uniforms may be different, but the competitive bonds remain.

“It seems like we’re seeing D-Wade and LeBron for the past seven, eight years,” Garnett said

and James. Pierce was viewed as having won the matchup, forcing James into an inconsistent series as the favored Cavaliers collapsed.

“Being battle-tested against these guys, I think they kind of know what it takes,” Joe Johnson said about Pierce and Garnett.

“We’ll sit and listen and soak their insight and input up and see if it can help us.”

Pierce and Garnett are past the peaks of their caWINSLOW TOWNSON/ASSOCIATED PRESS reers. But the rivalries between the players will reIn May 2008, Kevin Garnett, had main a compelling sub-nar13 points to help the Celtics beat rative to this series.

LeBron James and the Cavaliers.

“I rank LeBron as one of the greatest players to ever Sunday night, referring as well to play the game — tremendous athDwyane Wade. “The best is play- lete, four-time M.V.P., two-time champion, he’s already passed ing the best.”

The second round of the 2008 so many greats that we still talk postseason was the first time about,” Pierce said, noting that top Pierce and Garnett faced James, athletes seemed to share a desire then a member of the Cleveland to face each other, to see how they Cavaliers, in the postseason. In measure up.

“Right now, he’s the best playthe Celtics’ Game 7 victory, James scored 45 points and Pierce had 41. er in the league,” Pierce said of They met again in the second James. “I think, as a competitor, round two years later, and the Celt- you’re always looking for that ics won that series in six games. It challenge.”

He added, “He’s the ultimate was a series defined by the tough, ANDREW KEH physical battle between Pierce challenge.”

utives of one thing: “How much does he love football?”

“They want to know — does this guy love meetings, love film room, love the weight room, practice hard?” Surace said.

At the Senior Bowl in February, Reid opened eyes with sacks on consecutive plays against Baylor’s Cyril Richardson and Miami’s Brandon Linder. Reid said he figured out how to beat both players by watching film, right there on Verbit’s monitor.

At the scouting combine, Reid said, he sat for interviews with coaches and team executives as they subtly questioned his passion. He acknowledged that a team might pass on him because he went to an Ivy League school, never breathed-ate-slept football, and maybe never will.

This is where he believes he makes up for some of that, though, in the film room, putting his intellect and memory recall into effect.

That is, if distractions don’t pervade.

ZACH SCHONBRUN

In Brief Beavers Fire Coach Oregon State fired Coach Craig Robinson after six seasons without making the N.C.A.A. tournament. The brother of the first lady, Michelle Obama, Robinson finished no better than fifth in the Pacific-12. The Beavers were 1616 this season.

(AP)

Woods Still Ailing Tiger Woods described his recovery from back surgery as a “very slow process” that offered him no timetable on when he can return. Woods already missed the Masters, choosing to have surgery March 31 to relieve pain from a pinched nerve. On his website, Woods said that he was still sore from the incision and that his only contact with golf clubs was a few putts and chips that do not require him to rotate his back.

(AP)

Carolina Ousts Staff Ron Francis wasted little time putting his stamp on the Carolina Hurricanes. One week into his new job as general manager, Francis fired coach Kirk Muller and most of his staff.

(AP)

YOURNAVY IN THE NEWS DoN Hiring Conference Connects Employers, Wounded Warriors, veterans From NAVAIR Corporate Communication

PATUXENT RIVER, Md. (NNS) -- Many wounded warriors and veterans would still be on the battlefield today if an improvised explosive device (IED) had not detonated nearby.

For retired Army Capt. Eivind Forseth, it was an IED in a taxi in Mosul, Iraq, in 2005 that paralyzed his right hand and disabled his arm. However, after 23 surgeries and three years of recovery, Forseth remains committed to the men and women on the front lines.

“I knew my Army career was coming to an end, but I also knew I wanted to stay in the fight,” he said. “I still wanted to use my background, specialized training and tactical experience to support the warfighter.”

That attitude led him to his job at Naval Air Systems Command, Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD), Point Mugu, California, where he serves as a civilian sea range test manager for the MQ-8C Fire Scout, and facilitates upcoming tests of the F-16 Seek Eagle stationed at Edwards Air Force Base.

“I’m so grateful to NAVAIR and NAWCWD for the opportunities I’ve had,” he said. “I honestly don’t know where I’d be if I weren’t here.”

Forseth is one of thousands of wounded warriors hired by NAVAIR, other DoD commands, federal agencies and private industry - several of which will be attending the 4th Annual

Wounded Warrior Hiring and Support Conference May 28-29 in Raleigh, North Carolina.

Day one of the free two-day conference offers employers, human resources professionals, hiring managers and perspective leaders the opportunity to discuss challenges and resolutions; develop relationships between the private sector and military transition commands; discover best practices to enrich wounded warrior and veteran hiring programs; and share knowledge.

Several wounded warriors and veterans will share their perspectives during a panel discussion.

Day two features the Hiring Heroes Career Fair with more than 60 federal agencies and private industry employers with

job opportunities for wounded warriors, veterans and their spouses.

To register for the free conference, visit http://www.navsea. navy.mil/WWemployment/default.aspx.

The Wounded Warrior & Veteran Hiring and Support Conference is sponsored by Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Manpower and Reserve Affairs, and co-hosted by Naval Air Systems Command, Naval Sea Systems Command and Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command. DoN’s Office of Civilian Human Resources, Navy Safe Harbor and the Defense Civilian Personnel Advisory Service are supporting the conference.

USS New York Sailors Win Damage Control Olympics

By Mass Communication Specialist 3rd Class Stephane Belcher, Fleet Week Port Everglades Public Affairs

PORT EVERGLADES, Fla (NNS) -- Sailors from USS New York (LPD 21) and Coast Guardsmen from USCGC Margaret Norvell (WPC-1105) participated in the Resolve Marine Damage Control Olympics as part of Fleet Week Port Everglades April 29.

The Sailors from USS New York’s second team won first place after a tie-breaker with the Coastguardsmen. The winning team had 22 points, followed by the Guardsman with 17 points.

The event was hosted by the Resolve Marine Group is in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., as part of Fleet Week Port Everglades.

This is the 13th year the

Resolve Marine Group has sponsored this event.

“Our company does this as their gratitude to the armed forces and the sacrifices the service members give,” said Thomas Jones, training manager for the fire school.

“It’s our way of saying thank you.”

Damage Controlmen from the Navy and machinery technicians from the Coast Guard spent the day competing in dressing out in firefighting equipment, fighting simulated fires, patching pipes, search and rescue and P-100 firefighting.

Damage Controlman 3rd Class Zackery Crider looked

forward to the pipe patching event, and he felt confident because, he said, he has done it a lot and its fun.

“This builds companionship and moral,” said Crider of the DC Olympics. “This is great training. We all enjoy it and always learn something new.”

The Resolve Marine Group provided breakfast, lunch, energy drinks, smoothies and live entertainment for the attendees. The trainers with the Resolve Marine Group were hands-on with the service members during the event.

“This is one of the best things we do every year,” said Jones. “The majority of us use to be in the Navy or Coast

Guard, so we get to go back to our roots. It’s fun to have all these guys around and do what we use to do.”

During Fleet Week, Sailors, Marines and Coast Guardsmen will participate in friendly inter-service competition, including Galley Wars and Damage Control Olympics, volunteer with local community outreach organizations and experience the sights, sounds and hospitality of south Florida.

TR IN ACTION

Staff Commanding Officer Capt. Daniel Grieco Executive Officer Cmdr. Jeffrey Craig Public Affairs Officer Lt. Cmdr. Patrick Evans Media Officer Ensign Jack Georges Ensign Courtney Vandament Senior Editor MCC Adrian Melendez Editor MC2 Katie Lash Layout MC3 (SW) Heath Zeigler Rough Rider Contributors Theodore Roosevelt Media MCSN Jenna Kaliszewski MCSA Wyatt Anthony Command Ombudsman Sabrina Bishop Linda Watford Michelle V. Thomas cvn71ombudsman@gmail.com The Rough Rider is an authorized publication for the crew of USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71).

Contents herein are not necessarily the views of, or endorsed by, the U.S. government, Department of Defense, Department of the Navy or the Commanding Officer of TR. All items for publication in The Rough Rider must be submitted to the editor no later than three days prior to publication.

Do you have a story you’d like to see in the Rough Rider? Contact the Media Department at (757) 443-7419 or stop by 3-180-0-Q.

CHECK US OUT ONLINE! Facebook.com/ussTheodoreRoosevelt Twitter: @TheRealCVN71 youtube.com/ussTheodoreRoosevelt

WHAT’S ON underway movie schedule

Times

Ch. 66

Tuesday

May 6, 2014

Ch. 67

Ch. 68

0900

LABOR DAY

VAMPIRE ACADEMY

ELYSIUM

1100

THE HOBBIT: DESOLATION OF SMAUG

THE LONE RANGER

THE HUNGER GAMES: CATCHING FIRE

1400

ALL IS LOST

BULL DURHAM

I, FRANKENSTEIN

1600

LONE SURVIVOR

ANCHORMAN 2: THE LEGEND CONTINUES

JURASSIC PARK

1830

THE LEGEND OF HERCULES

FROZEN

PARANORMAL ACTIVITY: THE MARKED ONES

2030

LABOR DAY

VAMPIRE ACADEMY

ELYSIUM

2230

THE HOBBIT: DESOLATION OF SMAUG

THE LONE RANGER

THE HUNGER GAMES: CATCHING FIRE

0130

ALL IS LOST

BULL DURHAM

I, FRANKENSTEIN

0330

LONE SURVIVOR

ANCHORMAN 2: THE LEGEND CONTINUES

JURASSIC PARK

0600

THE LEGEND OF HERCULES

FROZEN

PARANORMAL ACTIVITY: THE MARKED ONES

*Movie schedule is subject to change.