Model of Psychotherapy
diverse and unexpected ways, and yet points Christ-wards. He states:
The Son is manifest in a single, paradigmatic figure, the Spirit is manifest in the ‘translatability’ of that into the contingent diversity of history. Freedom in the Spirit is uncircumscribed; and yet it always has the shape of Jesus the Son183 Having earlier introduced a biblical conception of the cosmic and pervasive activity of the Spirit, it would be consistent to assume the Spirit’s presence in the aforementioned activities. However, asserting the Spirit’s omnipresence is not tantamount to assuming that the Spirit is therefore the active agent in all endeavours, as the human and demonic spirits must also be accounted for. Slife, Stevenson and Wendt denote a view of pervasive Spirit as ‘strong theism’ as opposed to ‘weak theism’, where the activity of the Spirit is presumed to be limited in time (deism) and space (dualism). The amended Waverley Model diagram (see Appendix B) which this book proposes, better portrays the ‘strong theism’ position through opening up the ‘spiritual area’ by means of perforating the traditionally closed circles, and showing an open-ended connection with other areas of functioning and the outside world. The latter is left un-delineated precisely to prevent restriction of scope and to avert any temptation towards a dualist interpretation of the Waverley anthropological model.
Wisdom and the Holy Spirit This section further attempts to link Holy Spirit activity with ‘common phenomena’ via biblical wisdom. Whilst the moral framework of Old Testament wisdom concurred with covenant law, in general terms, wisdom was a much broader concept. Hilber describes biblical wisdom broadly as both creative and potentially unconventional. He argues reasonably that when referring to counselling interventions and techniques, in order to be deemed ‘biblical’, they need not be confined to those that are explicit in Scripture. Crabb has taken a more restrictive view with regards to integrative possibilities: ‘Counselling models must demonstrate more than consistency 135
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