COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS REPORT
MENARA DEWAN BAHASA & STADIUM MERDEKA ARCHITECTURE HISTORY & THEORY (ARC60804)
FOO SWEE CHOO
0339784
YIM XIN YEE
0338777
CHONG ZI XUAN
0345797
KOH XIAO XI
0345012
GRACE FOO QIAN WEI
0340395
CHEW XUE ER
0340905
CYNDHIA CHONG XIA XIN
0344825
TEE YI ERN
0346348
MENARA DEWAN BAHASA STNETNOC
• • • • • • •
History Fast Facts Architecture Style Architecture Layout Organizational Analysis Architectural Elements Building Analysis
STADIUM MERDEKA • • • • • • •
History Fast Facts Architecture Style Architecture Layout Organizational Analysis Architectural Elements Building Analysis
MENARA DEWAN BAHASA DAN
PUSTAKA
Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka (DBP) is the government body responsible for coordinating the use of malay language & literature in malaysia. In 1957, DBP moved from Johor Bahru to Kuala Lumpur and moved to its own building on 31st january 1962.
LOCATION
Motto : “Bahasa jiwa bangsa”. Mission : Increase the use of bahasa melayu language. Philosophy : Nation-building through bahasa melayu language
ZOOMED IN MAP OF KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
ARCHITECT DATO’ LEE YOON THIM (1905-1977) Malaysian Chinese architect active in Kuala Lumpur in the 1950s and 1960s. Style : Middle Eastern, Islamic
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
1957
Through the Ordinan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka 1959, DPB upgraded to a statutory body
DBP moved from Johor Bahru to old hospital ward in Kuala Lumpur
1959
1960
DBP moved to its own building at Jalan Lapangan Terbang Lama on 31 January
The building was finalized by Dato’ Lee Yoon Thim
1962
1997
DBP moved from Johor Bahru to old hospital ward in Kuala Lumpur
Construction of DBP’s new building started
2002
2003
Building was fully furnished and used as DBP office up to today
Renovation of existing building to conserve the historical features
2014
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
POST-MERDEKA MODERNISM
picture 1.1 DEWAN BAHASA & PUSTAKA IN 1962
Heavily dependent on local influences and more in line with local identity Main characteristics of modernism architecture : simplicity clarity DBP focuses on architecture elements rather than decoration which encourages the building to be clean & simple, giving it a modern & minimalist look
Consists of Malay architectural style using Malay ornaments to show Malay literature & symmetrical balance
picture 1.2 DEWAN BAHASA & PUSTAKA IN 2002
ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
S T O R I E S
H I G H
CIRCULATION TO USE SPACE
3 7
FLOOR PLAN
ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
ROOF GABLE ROOF Two roof sections sloping in opposite direction and placed such that the highest, horizontal edges form the roof ridge One of the malay architectural elements
BUTTERFLY ROOF V-shaped roof constructed of two tandem pieces which are angle up towards the edge Resembles a butterfly’s wings and an open book
WINDOW BAY WINDOW Admit more light than would a window flush with the wall line
TWIN CASEMENT WINDOW Offer more per opening and also allow fresh air inside Windows creates a strong linear pattern
CARVINGS
FLOOR
An important element of Malay architecture society. As a modern building, Menara Dewan Bahasa incorporates traditional Malay’s carvings which fits its characteristics as a cultural center in Malaysia.
PLASTER CARVINGS Used on the exterior of the buildings Floral motives carved on the facade of the gable roof and on top of the windows
WOOD CARVINGS Used on the interior of the buildings Carvings with floral elements are the most widely used in traditional Malay buildings Used extensively in decorating the windows, railings, partitions and wall panels of Malay buildings
Floor tiles in the lobby has a palm tree pattern designed according the logo of DBP Use the different element on the floor to attract the attentions of visitors
COLUMNS Served as a decorative purpose at the main entrance and also a beam to support the roof of DBP.
ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
SYMMETRY & BALANCE
From the overall externals of the building and layout of floor plan, Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka had created symmetry and balance.
GEOMETRY
Geometrical shapes in building of Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka. It consists of a triangle which represent an opened book and variety of the squares of the tower’s body and interior as well.
HIERARCHY DBP's building has different sizes and articulation, showing the degree of importance which reflects functional, formal and symbolic roles in organization. Different height & form emphasized the organization of the office tower and administrative building.
CONSTRUCTION AND MATERIAL ANALYSIS
REINFORCED CONCRETE
Used for protection and to support the building
GLAZED MOSAIC TILES
ALUMINIUM HOLLOW BAR
Auditorium wall was finished with glazed mosaic tiles inspired by Picasso
Glass window frames made of aluminium hollow bars allows light penetration and heat insulation
LIGHT WEIGHT CONCRETE
Increase thermal protection and improves fire resistance
ARCHITECT Stanley Edward Jewkes
STADIUM MERDEKA
Stadium Merdeka is a stadium in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It has significance as the site of the formal declaration of independence of the Federation of Malaya on 31 August 1957 and the first modern building of the new nation. The stadium is also the site of the proclamation of Malaysia in 16 September 1963.
LOCATION
FUNCTIONS Sporting events eg. football, hockey, etc
Stadium Merdeka hosted major concerts in Malaysia ZOOMED IN MAP OF KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
An American architect as well as an engineer. A key figure in Southeast Asian post-independence architecture. Famous works: Stadium Negara Stadium Merdeka Merdeka Park
(1913-2011)
HISTORICAL TIMELINE
1956
Construction began on 25th September
Construction completed (21st August) Became the site of Independent Ceremony of Malaya (31st August)
1957
2003
In February, Stadium Merdeka was named a national heritage building
Merdeka Stadium underwent restoration as part of Malaysia's 50th-anniversary plans
2007
2009
restoration was completed by December
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
MODERNISM
BRUTALISM
INTERNATIONAL
Stanley Edward Jewkes applied the modernism principles and characteristic such as lack of ornaments.
Influenced by the Brutalism Style which consists the ‘blocky’ appearance with a rigid geometry and large-scale use of concrete.
Used of rectilinear form, open interior space and also a visually weightless quality engendered by using the cantilever construction.
ARCHITECTURAL LAYOUT
STAIRS ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
DOOR
Due to the structural layout of the stadium with seatings of different height, staircases are very important.
HALF LANDING STAIRCASE
TIMBER BIFOLD DOOR Used as the entrance to foyer Transparent which allows natural light in and to view the outside from within and vice versa
Located within the foyer Tile finishers improves the appearance of stairs
STRAIGHT CONCRETE STAIRCASE
WITH MOSAIC TILES FINISHER
HALF LANDING CONCRETE STAIRCASE
TIMBER FLUSH DOOR Used as entrance to the surau and exclusive rooms for previous prime ministers Opaque which gives a sense of privacy and security for the space
WITH BRICK FINISHER
WITH NET PATTERN ON STEPS
Improve appearance Increase friction to prevent users from slipping on rainy days due to its rough texture and parallel lines
ROOF
FENCE & GATE
Unlike other buildings, the roof of Stadium Merdeka only covers a small area which functions to shade audience from sunlight and rain.
STEEL WELD MESH FENCE
CONCRETE CANTILEVERED SHELL ROOF Located at the west of stadium above the foyer and stage Supported by columns which provides shade for part of stadium One of the malay architectural elements
Important in an open stadium to separate spaces
STEEL RAILING Act as protective barriers to prevent people from falling off the edge of the stage and stairway
STRIPED TARPAULIN ROOF Provides shade for the top floor of foyer Efficient in terms of cost of construction
STEEL WELD MESH SWING GATE Function as barriers to prevent trespassers from entering
ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS
HIERARCHY
RHYTHM & REPETITION
Most dominant space in the stadium is the football and tracking field which is the major focus and attention of a stadium. Seating area arranged in an obvious hierarchy from the lowest level to the top level of the building.
Repeating the element on the cover, forms the basic structural model A series of supporting structure are built in between each semi circular arch
SYMMETRY & BALANCE
Primary Space Secondary Space
The type of symmetry is bilateral symmetry in which the opposite sides are similar or equivalent elements of a median axis
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
MASSIVE SCAFFOLDING
CANTILEVER
MATERIAL ANALYSIS
CONCRETE
Uses reinforced concrete structure. Scaffolding is used to elevate and support the workers and materials to construct the curving roof above the main entrance.
Stadium Merdeka constructed a cantilevered concrete shell roof which is a rigid structure that extends horizontally and is only supported at one end.
CONCRETE STAIRCASE with groove lines to drain off rainwater and provide grip to prevent slipping.
TIMBER TIMBER has low heat conductivity, relative high strength and small bulk density.
CONCRETE PAVER can absorb water to limit surface runoff and soil erosion.
Hence, Stadium Merdeka replaced it with plastic seats to withstand the sunlight and rain.
NOSIRAPMOC
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE ANALYSIS “Post-Merdeka” Modernism
ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS Symmetry & balance Hierarchy Geometry
MATERIAL ANALYSIS Lightweight concrete Aluminium Glazed glass panel
ARCHITECTURAL STYLE ANALYSIS “Post-Merdeka” Modernism Brutalism International
ORGANIZATIONAL ANALYSIS Symmetry & balance Rhythm & repetition Hierarchy
MATERIAL ANALYSIS Concrete Timber
CONCLUSION
By completing the analysis and research, we have a deeper understanding of the characteristics, principles, forming and architecture style of both of the buildings. Throughout the comparison between Menara Dewan Bahasa and Stadium Merdeka, we are also able to know the transformation of the architecture after ‘Merdeka’ which clearly reflect the phenomena that Malaysia is rapid development in different field after the independence. Besides, in the view of the fact that both of the building are very representative modernism style architecture in Malaysia. Our understanding of Modernism towards the architecture in Malaysia had deepened substantially.
REFERENCES LOGO OF DEWAN BAHASA DAN PUSTAKA (2019): HTTP://LAMANWEB.DBP.GOV.MY/INDEX.PHP/PAGES/VIEW/10?MID=26 STADIUM MERDEKA: HTTPS://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/STADIUM_MERDEKA ESMAWEE HAJI ENDUT (1993) TRADITIONAL MALAYSIAN BUILT FORMS -VOLUME I & II: HTTP://ETHESES.WHITEROSE.AC.UK/14839/1/389486_VOL1.PDFHTTP://ETHESES.WHITEROSE.AC.UK/14839/2/389486_VOL2.PDF SLIDESHARE.NET (2019) CNH2: HTTPS://WWW.SLIDESHARE.NET/PEIDI/CNH-2 LEE YOON THIM: HTTPS://WWW.SPECTROOM.COM/1021802232-LEE-YOON-THIM GUARDIAN OF MALAY LANGUAGE (2006): HTTPS://WWW.THESTAR.COM.MY/OPINION/LETTERS/2006/06/25/GUARDIAN-OF-MALAY-LANGUAGE THE ROLE OF MODERNIST ARCHITECTURE IN MALAYSIA AFTER MERDEKA (2017): HTTPS://WWW.THESTAR.COM.MY/LIFESTYLE/CULTURE/2017/07/22/MODERNISTARCHITECTURE-AFTER-MERDEKA AN INFLUENCE OF COLONIAL ARCHITECT TO BUILDING STYLES AND MOTIFS IN COLONIAL CITIES IN MALAYSIA (2005): HTTPS://WWW.MALAYSIADESIGNARCHIVE.ORG/AN-INFLUENCE-OF-COLONIAL-ARCHITECTURE-TO-BUILDING-STYLES-AND-MOTIFS-IN-COLONIAL-CITIES-INMALAYSIA/ FACEBOOK OF DEWAN BAHASA DAN PUSTAKA:HTTPS://WWW.FACEBOOK.COM/DBPMALAYSIA/PHOTOS/?REF=PAGE_INTERNAL