saved by spartina
arch-ecological strategies for urban marsh restoration and inhabitation
Cyrus Dahmubed | Will Langevin | Florencia Lima-Gomez
Comprehensive Design Studio Prof. Scott Biship + Prof. Michelle Laboy School of Architecture Northeastern University Spring 2017
1
Typologies and Topographies
4
Architectural + Landscape System Performance Analysis UBCO Hangar Fitness Center, McFarland Marceau Architects Parametric Systems Versioning: Material, Design, and Performance Model Photos Structure, Enclosure, and Comfort Systems Ecotone Projected Sea Level Rise Spartina Properties Waffle Slab Foundation System Sediment Accrual Future Use Structrual Permanance and Human Inhabitation Green Roof System, Sunlight, and Shading Systems Integration Model Photos Fiddler crab Uca Pugnax
2
Rising with the Tides
23 Ecotone + Construction Ecotone Waffle Slab Fabrication Site Infrastructure, Atmosphere, and Grounding Study Model Photos Site Analysis Neighborhood and Usage SLR Impact and Infrastructure Rail Demo Plan Aggregated Site Study Ecosystems Design Demo + Salvage Plan Timeline Banding Strategy 2020 Phasing 2025 Phasing 2030 Phasing 2050 Phasing 2100 Phasing Masterplan Integrated Building Systems Diagram Model Photos
3
Temporal Translational Terraforming
46
Use Analysis, Scenario Planning, and Future Use Strategy Timeline and Future Use Strategy
CO
NR
AIL
CO
NR
AIL
+ 76'
+ 76'
CO
AIL
CO
NR
AIL
CO N
RA
IL
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Active Systems Building Section with Sea Level Rise and Strom Surge Floor Plans Wall section and Structural Details Building Rendering Sea Level Rise and Runoff Site and Context Impermeable Lots and Existing Green Space Berm Typologies Berm Strategy Integrated Buildings Systems Diagram
4
World/building
Table of Contents 63 Comprehensive Site Analysis Historiographic Landmaking Flooding and Programming Analysis Programming and Context Interconnectd Water Bodies Reestablishing Urban Hydro-ecologies Protecting with Marsh Head Design Integration and Execution Fort Point Channel Site Plan Fort Point Channel Site Section Integrated Assembly Process Building Section and Plans Renderings Model Photos Peel-Away Integrated Systems Axonometric
1
Typologies + Topographies
Prototyping for an Intertidal Future
Fiddler crab Uca Pugnax
1
Table of Contents
Typologies and Topographies Architectural + Landscape System Performance Analysis UBCO Hangar Fitness Center, McFarland Marceau Architects Parametric Systems Versioning: Material, Design, and Performance Model Photos Structure, Enclosure, and Comfort Systems Ecotone Projected Sea Level Rise Spartina Properties Waffle Slab Foundation System Sediment Accrual Future Use Structrual Permanance and Human Inhabitation Green Roof System, Sunlight, and Shading Systems Integration Model Photos
OKANAGAN, BRITISH COLUMBIA | 2013 mcfarland marceau architects
lateral E-W winter wind, W-E summer wind loads
winter
summ
er
ENGINEERED TIMBER WAFFLE SLAB health + fitness center
summ er
UBCO HANGAR FITNESS CENTER
winter
summ
er
material + snow dead load
maximization of wood usage increases embodied energy and carbon sequestration, captializing on a healthy and rich local timber market and advancing timber constrution technology
CLT waffle grid topped by CLT slab creates monolithc roof structure
wrapped slab and bent waffle grid provide shade
sloped roof directs loads to south wall/buttress
winter
primary loads north-facing windows limit direct solar radiation in attempt to keep space cool
longitudinal span limited only by vertical suppors
vertical and horizontal structure are integrated as continuous CLT members
8
9
6
Study Model Photos
Study Model Photos 10
Phragmites
Spartina Patens
Spartina Alterniflora
Ribbed Mussel Geukensia demissa
Mudflat
Fiddler crab Uca Pugnax
Ecotone 11
+ 50 yrs
+ 100 yrs
Projected Sea Level Rise 12
1
2
Solid CLT sheet
Panels “stamped” out of solid CLT sheet to create waffle slab, spanning 40’ with a 2’ depth.
3 Stamped CLT panels cut into thinner members for reuse.
4 Thin CLT panels used for flooring above waffle slab ceiling.
Waffle Slab Fabrication 13
30 - 60 cm
3 - 5 ft
Spartina alterniflora
1% - 3%
Rhizome
Spartina patens
Reproduces by rhizome root --> when pieces of rhizome root break off, they can sometimes regrow into a new plant that is a genetic clone to the original
Growth
freshwater
saltwater
Na +
Salinity
high marsh
low marsh higher salinity
Spartina Patens
Spartina Alterniflora
Freshwater enters from streams and rivers, saltwater inundates the marsh during high tide - dry seasons and high evaporation increasing salinity -->
Accumulates Na+ in its shoots, and it secretes excess salts through salt glands onto the leaf surface. Slope
baffle
nutrients
creek waters sediment
Sediment
The plant grows in tight clusters, or clones, that trap sediment and raise the elevation of the substrate.
Acts as a filter for nutrients carried by rainwater to coastal waters
Deposition occurs during tidal flooding.
Habitat / Shelter
Sea level rise
4 mm
6 mm
4 mm
6 mm
Spartina Properties 14
A
Green Roof System
83 yr 11’
83 yr 11’
10 yr 4’
10 yr 4’
B
Rising sea level
83 yr 11’ 10 yr 4’
C
Sediment Accumulation
Sediment Accrual 15
Current Condition Wae Grid assists laterally
+75 year
Interal diagrid provides full lateral support as wae grid decomposes and sediment accrues
Future Use 16
high occupancy inhabitable space
structure intended to be overtaken with SLR
Temporary
Permanent
Structural Permanance + Human Inhabitance 17
su
m m
er
-9 am
spartina always exposed to natural sunlight on green roof
su er m m 3p m
winter - 3p
m
maximum solar radiation exposure during the winter winter
9am
shade restricts spartina growth
Green Roof System, Sunlight, + Shading 18
building proportions and orientation maximize year-round solar penetration
sum m er
- 9a
m
To capitalize upon and maintain the naturally highly performative ecologies supported by cordgrass (spartina sp.) architecture must serve as assistant, creating conditions in which the species and its attendant ecotone can thrive. To preserve cordrass’s uniquely protective abilities and keep the threat of rising seas at bay, architectural systems should be carefully inserted into extant and new cordgrass landscapes to serve as skeletal frameworks for the rapid accrual of sediment, thereby creating landscapes that preempt the rise of the seas by minimizing species migration and helping to mitigate the expected need for “retreat” strategies.
m su er
m
double-skin facade conditions air
m 3p
diagrid acts as thermal mass
win te
r-
9am
alternating louvered transoms maximize natural ventilation
winter - 3p
m
radiant floor heating and cooling
hybrid structural system primary member secondary member tiertiary member
lateral trusses carry preconditioned water
water geothermal exchange system
waffle slab serves as a flowering bed to encourage sediment accumulation + acts as a wave attenuator to prevent spartina uprooting
19
siphoned tidal water transposes tide to roof spartina beds via lateral trusses
Systems Integration
Model Photos 20
Model Photos 21
Model Photos 22
2
Rising with the Tides
Saving Boston from Sea Level Rise with a New Eco-District
2
Table of Contents
Rising with the Tides Ecotone + Construction Ecotone Waffle Slab Fabrication Site Infrastructure, Atmosphere, and Grounding Study Model Photos Site Analysis Neighborhood and Usage SLR Impact and Infrastructure Rail Demo Plan Aggregated Site Study Ecosystems Design Demo + Salvage Plan Timeline Banding Strategy 2020 Phasing 2025 Phasing 2030 Phasing 2050 Phasing 2100 Phasing Masterplan Integrated Building Systems Diagram Model Photos
Phragmites
Spartina Patens
Spartina Alterniflora
Ribbed Mussel Geukensia demissa
Mudflat
Fiddler crab Uca Pugnax
+ 50 yrs
+ 50 yrs
+ 100 yrs
Ecotone 27
1 Solid CLT sheet
2 Panels “stamped” out of solid CLT sheet to create waffle slab, spanning 40’ with a 2’ depth.
3 Stamped CLT panels cut into thinner members for reuse.
4 Thin CLT panels used for flooring above waffle slab ceiling.
Waffle Slab Fabrication 28
29
Study Model Photos
1
Fort Point - Secondary water infiltration point
2
3
SLR 2050
Principal Highway
Phase 1 nodes P1
Secondary Highway
Site Boundary
Stormwater Runoff
S. Boston Bypass Initial water infiltration point
Carson Beach - Tiertiary water infiltration point
30
USAGE
NEIGHBORHOODS
Institutional
1630 Coastline 1852 Coastline
Light Industrial Residential South End
Infrastructural Leisure Mixed
South Boston
Lower Roxbury/Dudley Dorchester
31
Neighborhoods + Usage
IMPACT Buildings
2063 SLR 2113 SLR 1630 Coastline 1852 Coastline
Parking
Rail
Boston USPS HQ Above Grade Roads
I-93 Interchange + Overpass: 375k weekday South Station Rails
At-Grade Roads
Fort Point Channel
Newmarket Economic Zone 700 companies (food
Sea Level Rise Impact and Future Use
32
infrastructure demo plan
proposed rail
deactivate/demo active rails
33
elevated infrastructure + shadow
phase 1 canal + berm proposal
elevated highway elevated rails
canal
equinox shadows
berm
architectural intervention zone
11
34
building demo + salvage plan
241,500 ft
239,692 ft
3
3
154,088 ft
3
mbta
widdett circle 226,100 ft
3
99,750 ft
5,899 ft
3
2,212 ft
93,378 ft
3
3
3
41,196 ft
3
ellery street substation
19,440 ft
old colony housing project
3
7,290 ft
3
phase 1 demolition (2063)
von hillern street
phase 2 demolition (2113) brick concrete cmu
35
5
SLR
2020
2025
2030
2050
2090
2100
Sea Level Rise / Storm Surges
SLR
10.1’
1.2’ 2017
2025
2020
Dot Ave. Demo & Building
30 Year Timeline
2035
New Rail Viaduct
South Station Expansion General Electrics new facilities
2030
Fort Point Walls re-designed
Canal 1
Canal 2
Fort Point Yard Demo Old Colony Demo
Amtrack Demo
Timeline 36
Banding Strategy 37
20’ 10’
2020
2030
2050
2040
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
20’ 10’
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
1
2 1
3
2
3
38
20’ 10’
2025
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
20’ 10’
2020
39
2025
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
20’ 10’
2030
2020
2050
2040
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
20’ 10’
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
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2100
40
20’ 10’
2030
2020
2050
2040
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
20’ 10’
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
1
2 1
2
3
41
3
20’ 10’
2020
2030
2050
2040
2060
2070
2080
2100
2090
20’ 10’
2020
2030
2040
2050
2060
2070
2080
2090
2100
1
2 1
2
3
3
42
Master Plan 43
hybrid structural system primary member (concrete) secondary member (engineered wood)
er
m
m su pm
-3
“eco-ramp” replicates slope of m
m su er
storm water, highway runoff, and
-3
er
m
pm
m su
’ 32 ing spr
pm
-3
farm on roof
3pm
8
0’
er
m
m su
3’
pm
-3
2’
winter - 3pm
maximize year-round solar 2’
17’ winter - 3pm
eco-ramp faces south and serves as shading device. slope maximizes morning night in lower zones and narrows opening on top floor to control heat
winter - 3pm
6’
feeds ecosystem spring/autumn light on first floor
lateral trusses carry
Growing with the Tides
Saving Boston from Sea Level Rise with a New Eco-District Against the threat of sea level rise, a simple grass may hold the key to survival. Cordgrass
waffle slab serves as a flowering bed
at 57’ on a 10’x10’ grid
acts as a wave diffractor to prevent
heights will always preempt those of the rising seas. Within one hundred years this system of ecological infrastructure will have grown to defend Boston’s most vulnerable areas from rising
water geothermal exchange system
Landscape Integrated Building Systems
44
Final Model Photo 45
3
Temporal Translational Terraforming
Designing Interactive Build-scapes
3
Table of Contents
Temporal Translational Terraforming Use Analysis, Scenario Planning, and Future Use Strategy Timeline and Future Use Strategy Active Systems Building Section with Sea Level Rise and Strom Surge Floor Plans Wall section and Structural Details Building Rendering Sea Level Rise and Runoff Site and Context Impermeable Lots and Existing Green Space Berm Typologies Berm Strategy Integrated Buildings Systems Diagram
Timeline
15’
10’
Going with the Flow
5’
2017
2020
2030
2025
South Station Expansion
2050
2040
New Rail Viaduct
General Electrics New Facilities Dorchester Ave. Demo & Building
Fort Point Walls re-designed
Canal 1 Construction
Canal 2 Construction Widdett Circle Demo Widdett Circle Demo
Fort Point Yard Decommissioned Old Colony Demo Amtrak Yard Decommissioned Von Hillern St. Demo Ellery Substation Demo
Scenario + Use Administrative Art + Performance
California Earthquake
Infrastructural Institutional Instructional Laboratory
City/State Building Hydro-Electric Energy Society
Medical Residential Retail
Adaptation + Water height + sediment increasing vertically + Administrative Use due to population and tech industry migration
below building
Harbor Walk Laboratory building building forfor research research and and teach tea ++ Laboratory energy generation method
50
2075 Bypass Bridge Raised to Dorchester Ave
2090
2100
Bypass Road Flooded
Canal 3 Construction
Circle Demo
Biotech Collapse
arch earch and and teaching teaching new new
+ Residential Program + Sea Level and sediment continues to rise vertically + Salt marsh becomes new public park, extending the Fens and creating a green corridor
scenario planning + future use diagram 51
+27.5’
SLR + Storm Surge 2100
+12.9’
SLR + Storm Surge 2050
+11.3’
SLR + Storm Surge 2030
+9.2’
SLR + Storm Surge 2017 Low Tide 2017
+0’
+12.9’ SLR + Storm Sto m Surge 2050 +11.3’ SLR + Storm Sto m Surge 2030 +9.2’
SLR + Storm Surge 2017
building section with sea level rise + storm surge
52
floor 1
floor 1 + infill
floor 1
floor 1 + infill
first floor + infill plan
first floor + infill plan
floor 2
floor 2 + infill
floor 2
floor 2 + infill
53
second floor + infill plan
4” CLT
4” CLT
wall section detail
wall section detail
54
1/2” steel gusset joint Aluminum track Steel pins 4” x 2ʼ CLT Waffle Grid 1/2” steel flange
1/2” steel gusset joint Aluminum track
1ʼx1ʼ heavy timber
Steel pins 4” x 2ʼ CLT Waffle Grid 1/2” steel flange
1ʼx1ʼ heavy timber
2ʼx2ʼ Reinforced Concrete Diagrid
2ʼx2ʼ Reinforced Concrete Diagrid
structure + material logic structure + material logic 55
building rendering
2356
L RAI CON
+ 76'
CO
NR AI L
FUTURE
4TH
TRACK
CO
NR
AI L
+ 76'
CO
NR
AI
L
sea level rise and runoff 57
Fort Point Channel + Context
.5 Miles
T
South Station
Su
mm
er
St
GE HQ Site
100 Yards
Broadway T
Dorchester Ave 1” = 400ʼ
site + context
58
+ 76'
FUTURE
4TH
TRACK
GE
59
impermeable lots + existing green space
berm typologies
60
mean low tide 2017
mean high tide 2017
berm strategy 61
plans: 1/128” = 1’
+30 year high tide
2017 low tide
+30 year high tide
plans: 1/128” = 1’
+30 year high tide
2017 low tide
+30 year high tide
+100 year high tide
+100 year high tide
site plan, berm strategy + sea level rise +50 year high tide
2017 high tide
2017 high tide
site plan, berm strategy + sea level+50rise year high tide
site plan, berm strategy + sea level rise site plan, berm strategy + sea level rise
site plan, berm strategy + sea level rise site plan, berm strategy + sea level rise
building section with sea level rise + storm surge building section with sea level rise + storm surge
building section with sea level rise + storm surge building section with sea level rise + storm surge
62
beam system in raised floor
hybrid structural system
waffle grid transfers lateral wind loads to horizontal waffle grid
primary member - reinforced concrete diagrid
er
m
m
su pm
-3
in three zones to facilitate future
structural DNA prepares building winter - 3p
lateral trusses carry
m
winter - 3p
m
maximize year-round solar
hydro geothermal extchange pool to maintain ecosystem
inhabitable marsh landscape mediates between raised
dune, berm, and mound
water geothermal exchange system
Growing with the Tides Saving Boston from Sea Level Rise with a New Eco-District
63 24
preempt those of the rising seas. Within one hundred years this system of ecological infrastructure will have grown to defend Boston’s most vulnerable areas from rising
4
World/building
Bringing Fantastical Landscapes to Fruition
4
Table of Contents
World/building Comprehensive Site Analysis Historiographic Landmaking Flooding and Programming Analysis Programming and Context Interconnectd Water Bodies Reestablishing Urban Hydro-ecologies Protecting with Marsh Head Design Integration and Execution Fort Point Channel Site Plan Fort Point Channel Site Section Integrated Assembly Process Building Section and Plans Renderings Model Photos Peel-Away Integrated Systems Axonometric
1630
1795
1852
1880
1916
1934
1950
1995
2013
history of site land-making 68
FUTURE
4TH
TRACK
T
T
flooding and programming analysis 69
Fort Point Channel Back Bay
T
Charles River
8 min 6 min
4 min
2 min
Bass River Reserved Channel
20,000 sq. ft
T
Fan Pier Park
50,000 sq. ft
100 Acre Plan
12,000 sq. ft
8,000 sq. ft
Carson Beach
Children’s wharf park
Rolling Bridge Park
6,000 sq. ft
programming analysis and context 70
Fort Point Channel Back Bay
Charles River
Bass River Reserved Channel
Carson Beach
interconnected water bodies 71
reestablishing urban hydro-ecology 72
protecting city with marsh-head 73
site plan 74
75
filtered by gravity water purification
marsh mouth
water purification
marsh architectural architectural mouth filtration filtration
bioretention berm = surface filter
bioretention berm = surface filter
retention
retention
boardwalks + basins
boardwalks + basins
successional successional marsh marsh
growing attenuation
stormwater treatment
social parcels
filtered by gravity
growing attenuation
stormwater treatment
social parcels
architectural intervetion architectural intervetion c.2021 c.2021
dorchester ave raising dorchester and ave raising and south station rail south viaduct station rail viaduct reconstruction c.2020 reconstruction c.2020 reconstruction c.2025-35 reconstruction c.2025-35
76
station tower c.2020 south station towersouth c.2020
breakwater zone breakwater zone
evolving tidal landscape
stormwater filtration ripples
evolving tidal landscape
stormwater filtration ripples
south station expansion south c.2025 station expansion c.2025
site section and timeline 77
site
site prep
barge anchoring + bridge construction
bridge deconstruction
site excavation
piles
78
79
cores
diagrid
floor 1
diagrid + truss
waffle slab
floor 2
diagrid + truss
formal mound creation
waffle slab
roof
cofferdam
formal mound creation
80
cofferdam
formal mound creation
building + informal landscape 81
cofferdam removal
social parcels
social parcels
architectural intervetion architectural intervetion c.2021 c.2021
82
floor plans 1/64” = 1’
51
.5
’
51
.5
’
Floor 1
57’
57’
57’
57’
57’
57’
57’
51
.5
’
51
.5
’
57’
87
’
87 ’
Floor 1.5 (infill)
83
32
’
Floor 2
57’
57’
57’
57’
57’
57’
57’
32
’
57’
25 ’
25
’
Floor 2.5 (infill)
84
Roof Plan
GSF: 128,86 sq.ft - 291,102 sq. ft. FAR: 2.4-5.4 Impermeable Surface: 50,955 sq. ft. 100% of site
85
interior + marsh renderings 86
approach from reconstructed dorchester avenue 87
2017
+50 years
+100 years
2017
+50 years
1” = 400’
+100 years
model photos 88
89
1/64” = 1’
model photos
1/4” = 1’
model photos 10
concrete slab roof and green roof assembly filtered water retention and collection drainage layer rubber membrain vapor barrier
rigid insulation air cavity wood panel decking system radiant heating/cooling engineered wood waffle grid (tertiary structure) heavy timber infill diagrid (secondary structure) concrete diagrid (primary structure) grey and stormwater intake/outflow
radiant heating/cooling system in raised floor vertical engineered timber waffle grid transfers lateral wind loads to horizontal waffle grid
91
concrete slab roof and green roof assembly rigid insulation rubber membrane vapor barrier cement fiber cladding
f i n