FamilyFocus-June2019

JUNE 2019

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The history of our stars and stripes

E

ach year we celebrate the American flag on June 14.

However, the origins of our flag remain shrouded in mystery.

Despite the widespread belief that Betsy Ross, a flag maker for the Pennsylvania Navy during the Revolutionary War, originally made it, there is no clear evidence that this is true. What we do know is that on June 14, 1777, the federal government passed the first Flag Act, which stated that every American flag “be made of thirteen stripes, alternate red and white; that the Union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field, representing a new constellation.”

The only problem was that the first Flag Act didn’t specify whether the stripes should be horizontal or vertical, how many points should be on the stars or where the blue field should be on the flag. There were a lot of different American flags that fit these rules at first. As the number of American states grew, the problem only multiplied. Should we add more stars? More stripes? It wasn’t until 1912 that President Taft declared that the flag should be ordered in the rows of stars against a field of blue on the upper-left-hand side of the thirteen stripes that we know today.

In 1949, President Harry S. Truman declared June 14 Flag Day in honor of the passing of the first Flag Act in 1777. Although we’ve had many versions of the flag, each American still can take a little time every June to reflect on the values that the flag represents.

According to the United States Flag Code, the American flag should always be “hoisted briskly” but “lowered ceremoniously.”

“ONE FLAG, ONE LAND, ONE HEART, ONE HAND, ONE NATION, EVERMORE!” - Oliver Wendell Holmes -

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JUNE 14, 2019

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Summer heat facts and For many people, summertime is synonymous with trips to the beach, water sports and recreation.

Even though summer warmth is a welcome break from winter weather for many people, State Farm warns that heat is one of the leading causes of weather-related fatalities, resulting in hundreds of deaths each year in the United States alone.

Ensuring summer recreation plans remain enjoyable means keeping an eye out for heatrelated illnesses and other dangers.

• Hot cars can be traps. It is never safe to leave a pet, child, elderly person, or disabled individual locked in a car. Temperatures can climb rapidly inside of a sealed vehicle, even if the windows are cracked.

• Pay attention. Listen to or read weather forecasts to stay abreast of potential temperature changes as well as the heat index.

Discuss safety precautions with members of the family and make sure everyone knows what to do in an emergency.

• Stock up on fluids. The Red Cross says to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids, even if you are not thirsty. Avoid drinks with alcohol or caffeine. Make sure the

Spring and summer

The arrival of autumn and winter can herald a period of reduced feelings of vitality and happiness for some people. Known as seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, this condition produces a range of symptoms from depression to anxiety to oversleeping when the cooler temps usher in. However, many may be surprised to know that a similar phenomenon can occur during the time when people are supposed to be recharged and ready to take on the world.

Data published in Psychology Today says that about one in 10 people suffer from something similar to SAD in the spring or summer. Dubbed reverse seasonal affective disorder or the ‘summer blues,’ this condition can lead to restlessness, poor appetite, irritability, and weight loss, among other symptoms. Some doctors think this form of

safety

elderly also get plenty of water, as they often do not recognize dehydration as readily as others.

• Limit strenuous activities. Reschedule outdoor activities if there is a heat wave, or move them to cooler times of the day. Spend the hottest portion of the day, usually between noon and 3 p.m., in the shade or inside in the air conditioning. People on job sites should take more frequent breaks and find shade whenever possible during these hours.

• Change your clothes. Loose-fitting, lightweight, light-colored clothing will help keep you cool. Avoid dark colors when spending time in the sun.

• Recognize distress signals. Heat stress, exhaustion and heat stroke progress as symptoms worsen. Nausea, weakness, elevated body temperature, clammy skin, confusion, and delirium are some of the symptoms of heat-related illnesses.

• Find ways to stay cool. Not everyone has air conditioning. On especially warm days, going to public places with air conditioning, such as libraries, can help. Be sure to check on the elderly or others who may have difficulty finding cool places to spend their day.

Days in the sun are meant to be fun, but hot days also require extreme caution.

blues?

depression can be a reaction to higher heat and humidity, noting that their patients have benefitted from traveling to a cooler locale when the condition sets in.

A 2014 study conducted in Austria also found that seasonal variations in unemployment rates as well as the dearth of clinicians available due to summer vacation schedules can contribute to summertime sadness.

Understanding that reverse SAD is a real thing and recognized by those in the mental health profession can be a comfort to sufferers who realize it is not just their imaginations.

Individuals who notice a dramatic change in mood are encouraged to seek help. Talk therapy, medication or a combination of the two can be the right course of action.

Keep vegan guests in mind

From food allergies to dietary restrictions to conscious decisions to avoid certain foods for ethical reasons, peoples’ diets tend to be as unique as they are. That can make it tricky when hosting a crowd and preparing a menu.

Variety is the spice to life, and having a go-to selection of recipes at the ready can make everything from sit-down dinners to impromptu backyard barbecues that much easier.

Vegans eschew all animal products such as dairy, eggs and meats. Vegans must carefully read the labels of foods that seemingly are animal-free, as even certain dairy-free cheeses may contain casein or other animal-derived products.

When grilling for family and friends, mushroom and tofu burgers can be prepared specifically for vegan guests, but a versatile salad can be enjoyed by all and make for a delicious side dish. This recipe for ‘Chickpea Salad’ from ‘Vegan Cooking for Beginners’ (Publications International) by the Editors of Publications International is sure to please vegans and non-vegans alike.

Chickpea Salad Makes 4 servings 1 can (15 ounces) chickpeas, rinsed and drained 1 stalk celery, chopped 1 dill pickle, chopped (about 1/2 cup) 1/4 cup finely chopped red or yellow onion 1/3 cup vegan mayonnaise 1 teaspoon lemon juice 1/4 teaspoon salt Black pepper Whole grain bread Lettuce and tomato slices Place chickpeas in a medium bowl. Coarsely mash with a potato masher, leaving some beans whole.

Add celery, pickle and onion; stir to mix.

Add mayonnaise and lemon juice; mix well. Taste and add 1/4 teaspoon salt or more, if desired. Sprinkle with pepper, if desired; mix well. Serve on bread with lettuce and tomato, if desired.

A person’s desire to be outdoors can sometimes be at odds with the outdoors itself. The dead of winter tends to be a time of year when people know to stay indoors,

but the dog days of summer can be dangerous as well.

Heat-related diseases like dehydration can put lives at risk. According to Johns Hopkins Medicine, children and people over the age of 60 are particularly susceptible to dehydration.

Understanding dehydration and how to prevent it is essential for anyone who plans to spend time outside during the summer.

Understanding dehydration and how to prevent it is essential for anyone who plans to spend time outside during the summer.

What is dehydration?

The U.S. National Library of Medicine notes that a dehydrated body

does not have enough fluid and electrolytes to work properly. On an average day, the human body needs about three quarts of water. But the USNLM notes that anyone planning to spend time outside in the hot sun needs significantly more water than that to avoid dehydration.

What are the signs of dehydration?

Johns Hopkins Medicine notes that people experience dehydration differently. However, there are some common symptoms that indicate someone is dehydrated. These symptoms include: • thirst, • less frequent urination, • dry skin, • fatigue, • light-headedness, • dizziness, • confusion, and • dry mouth and mucous membranes, • increased heart rate and breathing.

Children who are dehydrated may exhibit additional symptoms, including dry mouth and tongue; no tears and crying; no wet diapers for several hours; sunken abdomen, eyes or cheeks; listlessness; irritabi-

lity; and skin that does not flatten when pinched and released.

How to prevent dehydration

Drinking plenty of fluids when working or playing in the sun is one way to prevent dehydration. Being sure to take in more fluid than you are losing is another way to prevent dehydration. Anyone, and especially people who sweat a lot, should keep a close eye on fluid loss when spending time outdoors in the summer. Sports drinks that help people maintain their electrolyte balance, such as Gatorade, can help prevent dehydration as well. Pedialyte is often recommended for sick infants or children who have experienced vomiting, as it can help restore electrolyte balance that was adversely affected when kids became sick.

The solution can be equally effective at restoring electrolyte balance that was thrown off during heat exposure.

Dehydration poses a significant health risk at any time of year, but people who spend time out in the summer heat may be especially vulnerable. Limiting time spent outdoors on hot days and keeping a close eye on your fluid intake and fluid levels can help prevent dehydration.

The effects of UV rays on the eyes

The sun can be both friend and foe. A warm, sunny day can improve mood and increase levels of vitamin D in the body. Exposure to sunlight during the day also can help regulate the body’s natural sleep-wake cycle, known as the circadian rhythm. However, overexposure to the sun can be dangerous as well.

Exposure to excessive amounts of UV radiation over a short period of time can cause photokeratitis, which is essentially a sunburn of the eye that can cause pain and redness. Prolonged exposure to UV rays without adequate protection may cause lasting damage, says the American Optometric Association. UV rays come from both the sun itself and tanning beds. HereÕs a look at some of the common UV-induced eye conditions.

• Cataracts: A clouding of the eye’s natural lens, or the part of the eye that focuses the light a person sees.

• Macular degeneration: UV rays may lead to macular degeneration, which is a leading cause of vision loss for older people. The macula is the center portion of the retina,

essential for vision.

• Pterygium: This is a growth that begins on the white of the eye and may involve the cornea. The growth can eventually impede vision, says the organization Prevent Blindness America.

Sunglasses and other protective lenses are essential to keeping the eyes healthy. AOA says that for sunglasses to be effective, they should: • block out 99 to 100 percent of both UV-A and UV-B radiation; • screen out 75 to 90 percent of visible light; • have lenses that are perfectly matched in color and free of distortion and imperfection; and • have lenses that are gray for proper color recognition.

In addition, people can wear wide-brimmed hats to protect their eyes from the sun and harmful UV rays. This will

shield the eyes and the delicate skin of the face.

Learn more about protecting the eyes at www.allaboutvision.com, www.aoa.org, or www.preventblindnessamerica. org.

FAMILY FOCUS JUNE 2019

Prevent dehydration during the dog days of summer

FAMILY FOCUS JUNE 2019

F

KEY

ew things is not working.

The key to keeping cool all summer long is beat to ensure that air conditioning systems are functioning properly. summer heat better Maintaining an AC unit can save money and protect homeowners’ investments. Withan walking into a thout regular attention, an AC unit will lose its efficiency, needlessly wasting both comfortably chilled energy and money as a result. Poor maintenance also can lead to system failure just air conditioned when it is needed most. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the average lihome. Air fespan of an air conditioning unit is about 15 to 20 years. Home Advisor says conditioning is often homeowners can pay between $500 and for central air conditioning, with taken for granted, but $4,000 the final cost depending on the unit, addiinstallation items, such as ductwork, sorely missed when it tional and installation charges. With regular

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MAINTENANCE

maintenance, homeowners can keep their units humming properly and avoid premature replacement costs.

So what can homeowners expect as it pertains to air conditioner maintenance? The following are some oft-needed checks and fixes.

• Keep it clean. Vacuum the fins and coils of the AC unit on the external compressor/ condenser fan with a soft-bristled brush, advise the experts at Family Handyman.

This may require unscrewing the metal box surrounding the unit to access the fins.

Remove any accumulated debris that may be impeding air flow. Afterward, go inside and change the filter that is installed with the evaporator thatÕs located in a central duct near the furnace. Inspect the filter periodically to see if it is soiled and needs replacement. Timing can vary depending various factors, such as the time of year, the accumulation of dust and whether or not pets live in the home.

• Straighten coil fins. The fins on the condenser are easily bent and that can affect the flow of air through the coils. If you cannot easily straighten them, then consult

with an HVAC professional to do so.

• Check the thermostat. Ensure that the thermostat is still working properly. You also may want to upgrade an old thermostat to a programmable or smart thermostat that enables you to remotely set and adjust the temperature.

• Consider an in-line duct booster. HVAC professionals can guide you through the advantages of an in-line duct booster for forced-air cooling. This can increase the flow of cool air into a room that always seems hotter than the rest. Another option is a vent or register booster fan that sits on top or replaces a traditional floor or wall register.

• Deal with condensation. Condensation from air conditioning coils can puddle around the furnace if the condensate drain tube is clogged. Clearing it out will help prevent puddling and the formation of bacteria-laden water in the system.

Periodic maintenance is necessary to ensure uninterrupted service on a home AC unit.

Periodic maintenance of an AC unit will keep it in good repair and working efficiently.

Plan a special day for Dad!

Are you looking to celebrate Father’s Day by planning an unforgettable outing this year? Great idea! Thankfully, you won’t need to think too hard to find ways to bring a smile to dear ole’ Dad’s face. All you need to do is choose an activity that the two of you will enjoy doing together.

If your dad is a sports enthusiast who loves the great outdoors, a hike in the woods, a canoe excursion or a fishing trip will surely make his day. You could take advantage of the beautiful weather to go for a bike ride, have fun at an amusement park or play a friendly game of golf, soccer, volleyball — whatever his sport of choice!

Perhaps your dad is more the type to appreciate a delicious meal and a good bottle of wine? In that case, share a tasty dinner at a restaurant he’s always been meaning to try and watch him beam with delight. And if you prefer to think outside the box, a tasting workshop (chocolate, cheese, beer) or cooking class is a surefire way to create cherished memories that will last you both a lifetime.

Alternatively, if your dad loves cultural experiences, a visit to the local museum or art gallery is the perfect way to share a special day that’s both inspiring and entertaining. Does your father absolutely love a good flick or an upbeat tune? Catch an afternoon showing at the movie theatre or attend a concert in his company to mark this most special of occasions.

T

The Benefits of Dad

he first Father’s Day in the United States was celebrated on June 19, 1910. However, it wasn’t until 1972 when President Richard Nixon signed the nationwide holiday to celebrate dads into law. This was 58 years after Mother’s Day was made official by Woodrow Wilson.

This year, the occasion is on June 16. Show the fathers in your life how important they are during this special time. For the dads, pat yourself on the back and check out these amazing benefits your children gain from having you in their life.

STORY TIME BENEFITS

In a recent study by the Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, parents were analyzed while reading wordless stories to their children. The data scrutinized an adult’s mean length of utterance, which references the average length of the sentences a child uses. Results discovered that fathers had an impact on their kids’ development that went “above and beyond” mothers.

This study is meant to highlight the contribution of dads and their children’s early academic development.

ROUGHHOUSING BUILDS SKILLS

When fathers roughhouse during playtime, children learn to evaluate risk, problem solve and manage excitement and

BENEFITS Continued to Page 8

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JUNE 16, 2019

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Father and Son Duos in Film

I

t’s no secret that boys look up to their dads, even in Hollywood. In many popular films, father-and-son duos took over the silver screen and shared their passions for acting with the public. film released in 2006. The film follows the Smiths through hardships and despair while the elder takes a chance on a new career. The portrayal of this wholesome journey “THE PURSUIT OF earned Will Smith a nomination HAPPYNESS” for an Academy Award for best Will and Jaden Smith The duo made their collaborative performance by an actor in a leadacting debut in this award-winning ing role.

The pair would later team up in film released in 2006. The film follows the Smiths through hardships the 2013 post-apocalyptic film, and despair while the elder takes a After Earth.

“ZOOLANDER” chance on a new Here are a few of Ben and Jerry Stiller the most popular movies you can In this 2001 comedy, Derek witness these fathers and sons.

Zoolander (Ben Stiller) falls from the spotlight as a male fashion “THE PURSUIT OF model and his world is quickly HAPPYNESS” Will and Jaden Smith turned upside down when he The duo made their collaborative becomes a pawn in an assassination acting debut in this award-winning attempt. During his struggle to Here are a few of the most popular movies you can witness these fathers and sons.

BENEFITS Continued From Page 7 aggression. Experts at National Geographic say these lessons are best learned in a safe environment where nobody gets hurt, rather than being exposed to them in a compromising situation. Of course, the level of roughness dads use should largely depend on the age, size and feelings of a child. With the right balance, it introduces a great skillbuilding experience.

DADS AND THEIR DAUGHTERS’ CAREERS

You may not realize how much your daddy’s girl looks up to you. However, according to a study by Psychological Science, it was revealed that the strongest predictor of girls’ career goals and attitudes toward traditional gender roles was whether their fathers did or didn’t pull their weight around the house. Showing a strong sense of responsibility with the household chores can actually improve an impressionable daughter’s chances to pursue a higher education and career.

reclaim fame, his quirky agent, played by his father, finds himself wrapped up in the plan.

The father-son duo also appeared in “Heavyweights,” “The Heartbreak Kid,” and “Hot Pursuit.”

“HARRY POTTER” Brendan and Domhnall Gleeson Brendan and Domhnall Gleeson Before Domhnall industry aficionados. In 2019, Gleeson’s addition to the Star Wars’ Brendan starred and directed franchise, he played Bill Weasley in “Psychic” alongside Domhnall and the immensely popular Harry Brian Gleeson. His other child, Potter series, alongside his father Rory is credited with writing the Brendan who portrays Mad-Eye short film, and son Fergus comMoody. The Gleeson clan consists posed the music. of even more actors and movie

I

f you’re having trouble finding the words to tell your father how much he means to you, these wholesome quotes can give you inspiration. Whether you write them in a card or recite them in person, these words will go straight to his heart.

“I am not ashamed to say that no man I ever met was my father’s equal, and I never loved any other man as much.” — Hedy Lamarr

“Anyone can be a father, but it takes someone special to be a dad, and that’s why I call you Dad, because you are so special to me.” — Wade Boggs “Lately all my friends are worried they’re turning into their fathers. I’m worried I’m not.” — Dan Zevin “My father gave me the greatest gift anyone could give another person. He believed in me.”

— Jim Valvano “Being a daddy’s girl is like having permanent armor for the rest of your life.”

— Marinela Reka “It’s only when you grow up and step back from him — or leave him for your own home — it’s only then that you can measure his greatness and fully appreciate it.”

— Margaret Truman

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Here’s How It Works: Sudoku Puzzles are formatted as a 9x9 grid, broken down into nine 3x3 boxes. To solve a sudoku, the numbers1 through 9 must fill each row, column and box. Each number can appear only once in each row, column, and box. You can figure out the order in which the numbers will appear by using the numeric clues already provided in the boxes. The more numbers you name, the easier it get to solve the puzzle!

Answer: A. vitamin, B. mineral, C. food, D. beverage A. poison B. danger C. closet D. children

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PUZZLE SOLUTION

Home and Garden Ideas in the Lifestyles Section Every Weekend.

FAMILY FOCUS JUNE 2019

Why June is

June is LGBT Pride Month, a time for members of the lesbian, gay bisexual and transgender community to come together and celebrate their identities, in spite of the discrimination they still face around the world.

Although Pride celebrations take place throughout the summer, most events occur in June. This month has special historical significance because it’s when the 1969 Stonewall uprising occurred.

During the 1960s, the Stonewall Inn was a gay bar in New York City’s Greenwich Village that served as a safe haven for many gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender individuals at a time when homosexuality was largely criminalized and stigmatized.

Members of the LGBT community came to the Stonewall Inn to relax, drink, dance and connect with each other without being harassed by civilians or law enforcement.

Early in the morning on June 28, 1969, police raided the Stonewall Inn and began hauling patrons outside to arrest them. Some individuals were specifically targeted for violating state laws that prohibited people from wearing clothes deemed inappropriate for their gender.

Instead of backing down, angry bar patrons and neighborhood residents confronted the police by throwing coins and bottles. Fed up after years of police harassment, New York’s gay community broke out in riots that lasted for six days.

The Stonewall riots became a touchstone for the emerging gay liberation movement.

Soon after, several important gay rights organizations in the United States and

Canada were formed. The following June, the political activist Brenda Howard organized the first Gay Pride parade to commemorate the anniversary of the Stonewall riots.

This year marks the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall riots, which means Pride Month will be especially significant in 2019.

Whether you identify as LGBT yourself or you simply want to show support for friends, family and community members, make sure to look for Pride events in your area to attend this year.

LGBT is an acronym that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender. It’s often extended to LGBTQ or LGBTQIA to include queer, intersex and asexual individuals. The acronyms LGBT+ and LGBTQIA+ are also sometimes used to be inclusive of other identities.

FILE- On Thursday, June 6, 2019, Commissioner James O’Neill apologized for the 1969 police raid at the Stonewall Inn. O’Neill said Thursday that “the actions taken by the NYPD were wrong” at the gay bar in New York City’s Greenwich Village. He called the actions and laws of the time discriminatory and said, “For that, I apologize.” (AP Photo/Mary Altaffer, File)

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EXPLAINING THE SUMMER SOLSTICE Each year,people in the Northern Hemisphere eagerly await the arrival of the summer solstice.The solstice was a key cultural event in many ancient communities,but in modern times,it marks an opportunity to celebrate the arrival of summer as well as the longest day of daylight and the shortest hours of night.The summer solstice occurs as a result of the tilt of Earth’s rotational axis.According to Time and Date,as Earth orbits the sun over the course of each year,its axis always points in the same direction in space.The Northern Hemisphere angles toward the sun for half the year and away for the other half.When the North Pole is nearest to the sun,this is known as the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere.In the Southern Hemisphere,the solstices are reversed.The exact day that the solstices occur can vary by a day or two depending on the Earth’s rotation.For 2019,the summer solstice occurs on Friday,June 21 at 11:54 am EST.Along the border of the United States and Canada,daylight will last approximately 15 hours.

Y

ou always hear about people taking children on field trips. They take them to all sorts of places calling them a field trip. Well… when I take my children or grandchildren on a field trip, we go on a real field trip.

I recently had the opportunity to take my five year old grandson, Zeb, on a real field trip. He lives a long way from me in another state. I try to make our time together quality time. Zeb has a three year old brother named Wyatt. He was invited to go with us but at the last minute chose to stay with his mommy. I decided this was probably good and Wyatt would get a solo trip in a couple of years.

I belted Zeb in our UTV and we were off to our big field behind our house. We use to cultivate a large portion of this area but then we decided to allow nature to landscape it for us. She is doing a fabulous job. We have all kinds of plants and young trees to now explore on this ground.

The first plant I introduced Zeb to was Queen Ann’s Lace. We have a huge crop growing in this field. I told Zeb we needed to pick a big bouquet of this plant to do something special with when we get home. I told him it was also called “Wild Carrot” and it smells like carrots. Zeb sniffed the plant and agreed they do smell like carrots. I explained this is also a natural medicine The next plant was easier. It was the pretty blue Wild Chicory also known as the “Blue Sailor”. I told him the root of this plant was also used like something his mommy drank every morning. Zeb was eager to guess it was coffee. I assured him it was sometimes a substitute for coffee. Chicory is also used to calm the effects of caffeine in coffee. I also explained chicory was used a lot when I was a little girl. My folks and many others drink it so the real coffee in short supply was sent to our soldiers fighting World War II. Our next stop was a Wild Cherry Tree. A lot of

cough syrup is made from the bark of this tree. I reminded Zeb it could be in medicine he would take for a cough and cold..

The next fence row tree was Sassafras. I pulled a branch from it. I allowed Zeb to examine the three different shape leaves that grows on this tree. He thought that was pretty cool. I told him Native Americans, as well as my grandpa, dug roots of this tree every spring. It was made into a tea and was supposed to help thin and clean your blood. It smells like root beer and is still used by some companies in natural soda.

Red Clover was next to catch our eye. Zeb said he thought it looked more pink or purple and wondered why they called it Red Clover. I really didn’t have an answer for that one. I told him, this plant also is supposed to clean our blood when it gets dirty from being sick.

Purslane was next growing close to the ground. I explained it was also good medicine for a lot of things. But mostly grandma likes it in a salad. I also told him that grandpa and the rest of my family thought it was “yucky”! Zeb wasn’t eager to taste the purslane either.

Mullein in its stately form was next. I showed him the thick fuzzy leaves. Zeb soon learned this was also good for coughs and helped you breathe better. I told him that I used it in something we call salve to heal some of grandpa’s sores.

Then I shared another family story. My granny use to wrap several of these thick leaves around pounds of homemade butter. This helped keep

The bright orange bloom of Pleurisy Root, also called “Butterfly Weed”, was next in our path. It helps pleurisy and bronchitis. This is how it acquired its name.

We drove through a section of woods to find a large limb from a tree had fallen across our lane in the woods. Zeb insisted I was not strong enough to remove this tree. He told me his daddy was really, really strong and he could move it. I informed him I was his daddy’s mom and was also strong. Well folks when I grabbed hold of this big limb, it was heavy. I do believe I received some divine help from above in moving it. I said a little “Thank You Lord”. I told Zeb, “Your grandma’s strong too, now don’t forget that boy!” He just grinned at me and said, “You are my crazy grandma.”

When we reached the creek, a red bird was in a tree. This also reminded me of yet another story; a Native American legend of how the red bird got his

Trip Continued on Page 16

Coming SOON!

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A Field Trip with Grandma

the butter from melting when she took it to the store to trade it for flour, sugar, and coffee.

FAMILY FOCUS JUNE 2019

How do aerial

fireworks work?

Fun facts about fireworks

Americans love fireworks. After the Continental Congress passed a resolution to declare independence from England (which was actually on July 2), the founding father John Adams wrote that the event would forever after be commemorated with “illuminations” across the country.

His prediction has proven correct so far.

Here are just a few fun facts about America’s favorite way be festive on the Fourth of July.

• Fireworks are made with gunpowder, so you’d think we invented firearms before fireworks. In fact, the reverse is true.

Gunpowder was used for fireworks in the 10th century in China whereas the first recorded use of gunpowder for weapons is from the 11th century.

• Blue is the most difficult color to make in fireworks.

The Declarations of

• Americans have been using fireworks to commemorate the founding of the country from the very beginning.

Fireworks displays on the Fourth of July were recorded before the United States was even officially the United States, in 1777.

• Although fireworks have been used in China for a long time, the aerial shell that bursts in the sky was invented in Italy in the 19th century.

• The Walt Disney Company uses more fireworks than any other organization in the world. It also is the second largest purchaser of explosives. Only the United States Department of Defense buys more.

This Fourth of July, celebrate the country with a tradition almost as old as the country itself: see a fireworks show!

Independence?

The Fourth of July is one of the most important holidays in the United States. For Americans, it commemorates the colonists’ decision to declare their independence from the British king and his empire and found their own nation. Thomas Jefferson, although he was the third president of the United States, will perhaps be best remembered for having expressed the colonists’ grievances with the king in one of the most famous documents in American history, the Declaration of Independence.

In American lore, we tend to think of Jefferson as having written the Declaration in a burst of inspiration on the Fourth of July in 1776. Did you know, however,

that there were in fact several drafts of the document? Although Jefferson did the majority of the writing in June of 1776, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and other members of the Continental Congress suggested various changes. Finally, the Congress officially accepted the document on the fourth of July.

Jefferson had been working on the ideas that made up the Declaration for some time, but not all of them made it to the final draft. Perhaps most famously, a condemnation of England’s role in the slave trade was objected to by some members of the Congress and left out of the final draft.

Fireworks are an essential part of every Fourth of July celebration. But do you know how they actually work? To make the spectacular effects of aerial fireworks requires the ingenious use of one ancient ingredient: gunpowder. Although gunpowder was traditionally a mixture of sulphur, charcoal and saltpeter, modern versions can use a lot of additional ingredients to produce different effects.

Every aerial firework, however, needs six components: • A mortar, a tube of plastic or metal that contains the initial propulsive explosion and directs the firework into the sky.

• A container that holds the main explosive as it ascends, sometimes made

He called it

from simple things such as paper and string.

• A lifting charge, which propels the container from the mortar.

• A fuse that is ignited with the lifting charge and timed to set off the main firework in the air.

• A bursting charge in the middle of the container that is set off by the fuse.

• Stars, small explosives inside the container that are specially arranged around the bursting charge and made of different chemicals to produce different colors and explosive effects.

Using these simple parts, experts make the elaborate shows we enjoy every Independence Day. Different configurations of stars in the container and different kinds of explosives for the stars can create all sorts of different effects, combined and timed to create a dazzling, rhythmic display.

macaroni

Did you know that the third president of the United States, Thomas Jefferson, helped popularize macaroni and cheese in the United States in the early 19th century? Although Jefferson’s version of mac and cheese was simply fresh pasta covered in butter and Parmesan cheese, today we typically make a pasta casserole with a cheese sauce.

Ingredients • 1/2 cup bread crumbs For the cheese sauce: • 1 tbsp. melted butter • 1/4 cup unsalted butter • 1/4 cup all-purpose flour • 3 cups very cold milk • 1 tsp. mustard powder • A few dashes of Worcestershire sauce • A pinch of nutmeg • Paprika to taste • Salt and pepper to taste • 3 cups shredded cheddar cheese For the casserole: • 16 oz. elbow macaroni • 1/2 cup cheddar cheese Step 1: Make the cheese sauce 1. Melt butter in a saucepan over medium heat.

2. Whisk in flour until a paste forms and cook for three minutes.

3. Add mustard, Worcestershire sauce, nutmeg, salt, pepper and paprika (if desired); cook for two minutes.

4. Slowly whisk in the milk; cook until mixture has thickened and remove from the heat.

5. Whisk cheese into sauce and set aside.

Step 2: Construct the casserole 1. Cook macaroni according to directions on the box.

2. Put the macaroni and cheese sauce in a casserole dish and mix to combine.

3. Mix butter and breadcrumbs.

4. Sprinkle remaining cheddar cheese and breadcrumb mixture over the pasta 5. Cook in a 400° oven until golden brown on top and heated through (about 20 minutes).

6. Let cool for at least ten minutes and then enjoy!

It’s not in the Constitution that every Fourth of July party has to have at least one good apple pie, but it probably should be.

This Fourth of July, be sure that your pie is the one everyone is talking about by avoiding these five mistakes that people often make.

1. Not tasting everything along the way. If your apple filling tastes bad before it goes in the oven, it will probably taste bad coming out. Be sure to add a pinch of salt to your apples — not so much that it will taste salty but enough to bring out the apple flavor.

2. Not chilling your dough regularly or thoroughly. A good pie crust is all about keeping the butter cold.

Little morsels of solid butter should be suspended in layers throughout the flour. That’s how you get a soft, yet flaky crust. If your butter melts, you’ll lose those layers.

3. Not putting your pie on the bottom rack of the oven. There are few things worse than a beautiful pie

whose bottom is undercooked. Cook your pie on the lowest rack in your oven to be sure that the bottom is close to the heating element.

4. Forgetting the egg wash. To get a shiny, appetizing crust, mix a little water with a beaten egg and brush it over your crust before putting it in the oven.

5. Opening the door too often. Don’t let the hot air out of your oven! Good pie comes to those who wait.

Make the country proud this Fourth of July with a perfect apple pie!

Trip Continued from Page 15 red feathers. I told Zeb that there was a naughty raccoon who liked to play tricks on other animals living in the woods. The raccoon one day found a wolf sleeping.

(Wolves sleep a lot in the day time.) The raccoon got this sticky stuff from the pine tree called, “tar.” When it gets hard it is like glue. The raccoon put this sticky tar glue on the wolf ’s eyes and sealed them shut. The wolf when he woke up, he couldn’t open his eyes. He stared howling and crying because he was blind. An ugly little bird heard him and flew to help the wolf. The ugly bird picked all the tar from the wolf ’s eyes so he could see again. He was so grateful.

The wolf told the ugly little bird he could make him into a beautiful bird. The wolf took the bird to a big red paint rock and told him to paint all of his feathers red. So that’s how the red bird got his red feathers. Zeb rolled his eyes and grinned a little disbelief grin and said “Good story Grandma.”

Elderberry blossoms were growing along the creek. I told Zeb these blossoms will soon turn into hundreds of shiny wine colored berries. These berries are so packed full of good medicine it is sometimes called “the country medicine chest.”

A patch of Echinacea not yet in bloom caught my eye. I told Zeb I would show him some that were blooming at Earth Mother. I told him this was the medicine our family always took as a natural antibiotic which is also antiviral. I told him it was an awesome medicine.

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When we arrived back at the house, a volunteer Sweet Annie (one of my favorites) looked like it was saying please don’t forget me. I touched its delicate fern like foliage and allowed Zeb to smell my hand. I asked him what it smelled like. He said, “It smells like your house Grandma.” I proceeded to tell him how special “Sweet Annie” was to me. I told him 100 years ago in 1910 a little boy 10 years old, named Johnny Magre, walked with his Cherokee grandma, Mary Cahow Bettis. She had for several years took Johnny on walks to teach him to recognize the plant medicine. They walked on Calico Island on the Illinois side of the Mississippi River where they lived. Forty years later Johnny, now a grown man, took his little niece, Marylee, on walks in the woods and fields to help her learn plant medicine. Now in 2010 Marylee takes her little grandson, Zeb, on his first field trip to also learn the plants that are medicine. I told Zeb the Sweet Annie that grows on my farm came from Calico Island where my great grandmother planted it so long ago. She was a medicine woman and used this herb to doctor malaria (a disease caused by certain mosquitoes).

Zeb and I saw a lot more herbs on our trip, more than we can mention in one story. I asked him if he had learned anything on our field trip. He said, “You really got a lot of flower medicine growing on your farm Grandma.” I will continue to take Zeb on herb walks to educate him. Maybe one day Grandpa Zeb will take his granddaughter (Mary Sara) on a herb walk to educate her. I pray we continue to pass on the passion we have for these God given medicines from one generation to the next.

Zeb and I colored the white Queen Annes Lace with food coloring into a beautiful colored bouquet. My mom did this every summer. We pass on another tradition.

This story is also dedicated to all the other little people who enjoy having my stories read to them. Until next time……God bless! – Marylee Visnovske

FAMILY FOCUS JUNE 2019

apple pie

Five mistakes to avoid when making your Independence Day

FAMILY FOCUS JUNE 2019

COMPLETE EACH GRID WITH NUMBERS FROM 1 TO 4, KEEPING IN MIND THAT: - A number can only appear once per row - A number can only appear once per column - A number can only appear once in each box of 4 squares

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A: A dino-snore

Q:

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Q:

Why did the teddy bear refuse dessert?

A: She was stuffed.

A: A rocket chip.

Q:

What’s fast, loud and crunchy?

FAMILY FOCUS JUNE 2019

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2. The original draft of the Declaration of Independence included a denunciation of England’s involvement in the slave trade.

Delegates from two colonies insisted on removing the passage. Which ones? a) North Carolina and South Carolina b) Florida and New York c) Georgia and Maryland d) Georgia and South Carolina 3. The Star Spangled Banner was originally a poem by the lawyer Francis Scott Key chro-

a) The Battle of New Orleans b) The Battle of Plattsburgh c) The Siege of Fort McHenry d) The Burning of Washington 4. What year did the Fourth of July become a paid federal holiday? a) 1870 b) 1908 c) 1983 d) 1941 5. Fireworks have been part of Independence Day Celebrations from the very beginning. They’re so important that, in 1884, irate miners blew up a Post Office because it wasn’t stocked with fireworks. In which city did this happen? a) Swan City, Colorado b) Healdsburg, California c) Bozeman, Montana d) Washington, D.C.

Answers:

With Independence Day fast approaching, Americans everywhere are getting ready to celebrate. What better way to get into the spirit of the holiday than to brush up on your Fourth of July trivia?

a) It’s the day the Continental Congress voted to declare independence b) It’s the day the Declaration of Independence was formally accepted and signed by the delegates c) It’s the day the Revolutionary War ended d) It’s the day Richard Henry Lee introduced the motion for independence

nicling which battle of the War of 1812?

1-B, 2-D, 3-C, 4-D, 5-A

1. Why is Independence Day celebrated on the Fourth of July?

FAMILY FOCUS JUNE 2019

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