Northwest Farm & Ranch - Fall Edition 2012

Pend Oreille Ferry

Stevens

Bonner

Spokane

Lincoln

Grant

Boundary

Benewah Adams

Whitman

Shoshone

Latah Clearwater

Franklin Yakima

Garfield Columbia

Benton

Walla Walla

Nez Perce Lewis Asotin

Klickitat Umatilla

Wallowa

Morrow

Farm and Ranch Northwest

Kootenai

Idaho

Union

Baker

Inside this issue

Hope for hefty heifers Placing animal welfare first Record apple season expected Produced quarterly by Tribune Publishing Company

FALL 2012

2 | Friday, September 28, 2012 |

Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

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Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

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4 | Friday, September 28, 2012 |

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

Pend Oreille Ferry

Stevens

Bonner

Spokane

Lincoln

Grant

Boundary

Kootenai

Benewah Adams

Whitman

Shoshone

Latah Clearwater

Franklin Yakima

Garfield Columbia

Benton

Asotin

Walla Walla

Nez Perce Lewis

Klickitat Umatilla

Wallowa

Morrow

Idaho

Union

Farm and Ranch Northwest

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Farming lentils

$50,000 grant to benefit pea and lentil farmers | 8

Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

Hope for hefty heifers

Large grant to help cattle fertility research at WSU

By Kelcie Moseley for Northwest Farm and Ranch

A Horse health

Professor researches equine fever | 14

The science of weeds

WSU recruits researcher to network with growers | 20 On the cover: Two calves and cow graze in a field east of Pullman.

Northwest Farm and Ranch is published quarterly by the Lewiston Tribune and Moscow-Pullman Daily News and printed at the Tribune Publishing Co. Inc.’s printing facility at 505 Capital St. in Lewiston.

To advertise in Northwest Farm and Ranch, contact the Moscow-Pullman Daily News advertising department at 208.882.5561 or Advertising Manager Craig Staszkow at cstaszkow@dnews.com, or the Lewiston Tribune advertising department at 208.848.2216 or Advertising Director Fred Board at fboard@lmtribune.com.

Editorial suggestions and ideas can be sent to Lee Rozen at lrozen@dnews.com or Doug Bauer at dbauer@lmtribune.com

study of cattle pregnancies at Washington State University may help lead to cost savings for farmers and helpful information for people hoping to start a family.

Researchers within WSU’s College of Agricultural, Human and Natural Resource Sciences and the USDA’s Agricultural Research Service at Miles City, Mont., received a $1.1 million, five-year grant from the National Institutes of Health in August to fund research that attempts to Geoff Crimmins/Daily News find out why 25 to 30 percent of pregnancies in beef A calf waits in an enclosure at Washington State University in Pullman. cattle are lost.

“Specifically what we’re far they have placed embry- cific ways for fertility issues, embryo transfers in October, focused on is a period of os produced in vitro at the because today’s methods are and he’s pleased with their early pregnancy where both University of Florida into not ideal, Spencer said. progress. humans and cattle have a 269 heifers in Miles City, “Just the success we’ve “It’s expensive and physimajority of pregnancy loss,” Mont. Geary said 58 percent cally and emotionally taxing had so far has been great, so said Tom Spencer, a profes- of those heifers remained to women, because it’s not it may mean that we’ll be able sor at WSU and one of the pregnant, which is actu- covered by a lot of health care to decrease the overall costs of researchers on the project. ally higher than they were plans, but also because these doing this,” Geary said. “(Which is) basically the first expecting. He said they will are couples that really want This research extends three weeks of pregnancy.” beyond the spectrum of fergo through the same process to have a baby,” he said.

Spencer said dairy cattle four to six more times with Spencer said in terms of tility, however. Spencer said exhibit high losses of preg- the hope of determining its applicability to farmers, with the onset of global warmnancy in that window of which ones remain pregnant having a set of genetic mark- ing, genetic selection may be time, at about 80 to 85 per- most or all of the time, and ers to test on a heifer at birth necessary to help animals cent loss. The same goes for which never or rarely main- could help determine wheth- survive climate change. humans — about one-third tain pregnancies. Those ani- er a farmer wants to raise “It’s going to be nice down will experience early preg- mals will be transferred to her as a replacement or feed the stretch to potentially be nancy loss. About half of WSU, where a series of tests lot heifer. If it is discovered doing some genetic engineerthose losses can likely be will be used to examine dif- that the animal is infertile ing with animals to allow attributed to simply a bad ferences in gene levels and once it reaches breeding age, them to survive in a non-hosegg, but the other half is identify the causes of early not only are the costs of rais- pitable environment, because what they are trying to pin pregnancy loss. ing it lost, but the average that’s really going to be an down.

Cattle are a nice model cost of replacing a dairy heif- issue come 2020 or 2030,” he “It looks more and more to use because pregnancy tis- er is approximately $1,500, said. like it’s an inability of the sues can be collected easily and about $1,000 for a beef Holly Neibergs, an assisuterus to support develop- from the animals, whereas heifer. tant professor and animal sciment of the embryo,” Spencer trying to collect samples from “Animals that can’t get entist at WSU, is also working said. a human is likely to compro- pregnant can’t lactate, and on the research but could not Research animal scien- mise the pregnancy. they end up being cold, and be reached for comment. tist and reproductive psyUltimately, they hope this it’s very expensive to replace chologist Tom Geary said knowledge might translate them,” Spencer said.

Kelcie Moseley can be reached at they are in the very early into ways women can be testGeary said they are getting (208) 882-5561, ext. 234, or by stages of the study, but so ed in less invasive, more spe- ready to do a second round of email to kmoseley@dnews.com.

Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

| Friday, September 28, 2012 | 5

Congress’ inaction disappoints farmers Failure to pass farm bill before adjournment means uncertainty for local growers

By Kathy Hedberg for Northwest Farm and Ranch

T

he adjournment of Congress without reaching concord on the farm bill was a let down to farmers and others who look to the legislation for security and support.

“We are so disappointed and it comes down to a couple of phrases,” said Joseph Anderson, a farmer from Genesee and president of the Idaho Grain Producers Association.

“We had a dysfunctional Congress that is so unable to work together and compromise right now and come up with a workable solution that (both the Senate and the House agriculture committee) agreed to,” Anderson said.

“And then farmers are out doing their jobs and … it’s like a lack of work ethic on Congress’ part. We are doing our jobs, and they went home without doing their job. It’s disappointing.”

The current farm act expires Sept. 30, but the lapse won’t have much practical

effect in the near term. Although many had expected the House to approve its version of the 2013 Farm Bill by mid- to late June and the full Congress to reach agreement on it before the end of summer, it appears the major sticking point in negotiations revolved around the food stamp program, which constitutes about 74 percent of the farm bill. Republicans think the bill doesn’t cut farm subsidies and food stamps enough and Democrats believe the proposed food stamp cuts were too harsh.

Anderson said for the time being farmers who looked to a new farm bill especially for its emergency crop protection provisions will go on about business as usual.

“We’re proceeding under the assumption that the risk management tools that we’ve had in the past, they will automatically renew and assume that they’re in place,” he said. “But that’s probably only for this year until it’s reauthorized. And probably one of the bigger things of not having a farm bill in place is just uncertainty. The stock market reacts negatively to uncertainty. And ag reacts negatively.”

As a result, he said, people may put off capital purchases, such as new equipment or other investments into their businesses.

“A lot of the grain industry is temporarily pretty strong, but there are pockets that we had — several counties declared disaster areas from drought or frost.

And they don’t really have any idea if there will be a disaster program in place for what crop insurance doesn’t cover,” Anderson said.

The lack of a farm bill also could affect some farmers’ ability to get an operating loan,” Anderson said. Livestock producers might find the absence of a bill could affect their overall operations if they were awaiting some grazing or disaster assistance.

“It’s a jobs and an energy bill and a rural health bill, too,” Anderson said. “All of the dollars that filter down through the farm bill end up in our rural economy pretty directly to reinvest in (our) businesses and communities.”

“

… it’s like a lack of work ethic on Congress’ part.

We are doing our jobs, and they went home without doing their job. It’s disappointing.”

Kathy Hedberg can be reached at (208) 983-2326, or by email to kathyhedberg@gmail.com.

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Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

Placing animal welfare first

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Speaker recommends shifting animal production from agrarian to professional model

By David Johnson for Northwest Farm and Ranch

W

hile calling for more professionalism in farm animal production, a Canadian animal welfare expert recently recited a poem about pigs rolling in manure and then mimicked piglet grunts to help illustrate his point.

When David Fraser finished the schtick, he received a loud ovation from those attending the Washington Farm Animal Welfare Symposium at Washington State University in Pullman. “In a pig-like voice,� Fraser said, urging the audience to join him for a second verse of grunts and squeals.

Then Fraser introduced scientific data showing that a professional understanding of such piglet sounds can lead to increased swine production and profits, while also ensuring the welfare of the pigs. “Different views of animal welfare

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have very deep cultural roots,� said Fraser, a professor of animal behavior at the University of British Columbia.

At one time in Canada, he said, the number of people Fraser who owned herds of cattle far outnumbered doctors, nurses and others who worked in the health industry. What’s more, the “farmers� enjoyed more public trust.

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Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

Professionalism, Fraser suggested, “Those taking a more industrial has made the difference. view, will tend to feel that a good life “What’s happened is the nurses, for animals must first and foremost doctors and surgeons organized them- be a healthy life,� Fraser said. That’s selves into profesachieved, not by emusions,� he said. lating nature, but by Professional peocontrolling nature and ple, he said, share such things as precertain skills, genventing disease and erate insights that protecting animals improve their pracfrom harsh weather. tice, set standards, Fraser said livecreate systems of stock raisers, whether mutual support and they be in cattle, pigs, discipline and adopt chickens or something other modes of behavelse, would benefit by ior that maintain joining ranks to share public trust. their needs and incorEnter the debate porate animal welfare over animal welfare. standards throughout David Fraser “What would hapthe industry.

Professor at University pen if animal pro“Concerns over duction was seen as animal welfare are of British Columbia shifting, not from an linked to the percepagrarian to an industrial model, but tion that animal production has from an agrarian to a professional shifted from the agrarian model to model?� Fraser asked. an industrial model,� Fraser said.

Those with the more agrarian set of “A shift toward a professional model values tend to feel that a good life for might provide a way of safeguardanimals must first and foremost be a ing animal welfare and maintaining natural life, Fraser explained. That’s public trust.� achieved by, among other things, emulating nature, paying attention to emotions of animals and freedom of indi- David Johnson can be reached at (208) 883vidual animals.

0564, or by email to djohnson@lmtribune.com.

| Friday, September 28, 2012 | 7

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Those taking a more industrial view, will tend to feel that a good life for animals must first and foremost be a healthy life.�

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Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

$50,000 grant to benefit pea and lentil farmers Council designs marketing plan to target the food industry

By Estelle Gwinn for Northwest Farm and Ranch

T

he USA Dry Pea and Lentil Council wants to let General Mills know it can improve the nutritional profile of its products by using dry pea and lentil flours instead of corn, wheat or rice flours.

With nearly 80 percent of the nation’s dry peas and lentils being grown in the Palouse, local farmers could well see an increase in demand because of a new marketing push.

The USADPLC recently was awarded $50,000 from the Idaho Specialty Crop Block Grant grant program, a process that began in April.

Specialty crops, which are smaller commodities such as lentils or nuts, receive grants such as these to increase their competitiveness in the country, said Ali McDaniel, food marketing manager for the USADPLC. The council will be using the grant money to increase awareness of the sustainability and nutritional value of dry

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A farmer harvests lentils in a field near Palouse River Drive south of Moscow. peas and lentils.

The marketing project will include four hour-long webinars that will target the food industry.

“They’re being used more as ingredients now,” McDaniel said. “We’re trying to educate the food industry on how to use them as an ingredient, because they’re a much healthier option than using corn or rice

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or wheat. They’re significantly healthier especially in terms of protein and fiber, and we want to teach them how to use it.

According to the USDA, 100 grams of lentil flour has 33 grams fiber and 25 grams protein, while all-purpose wheat flour has three grams fiber and 10 grams protein.

“Even if you’re only replacing 20 percent you’re going to

get a significant increase in fiber and protein in the product,” McDaniel said.

If the food industry catches on to the dry pea and lentil craze, it will be good news for farmers in the Palouse area, considering many of them grow the sustainable crops.

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Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012 a lot of our product and we want to use it more domestically, which would decrease their shipping costs,� McDaniel said, so U.S.-based companies are a big target for the council. “For lentils and dry peas about 70 percent of those crops are exported,� said Tim McGreevy, CEO of the USA Dry Pea and Lentil Council. “Within the next 10 years we will see consumption of lentils, peas and all pulse products really increase domestically.

My goal is to have 50 percent of our product consumed here at home.�

Chickpeas have led the way for increased interest in the U.S., which is largely attributed to hummus consumption, McGreevy said. “The hummus consumption has been extraordinary and it’s driven producers in this area to increase their acreage in chickpeas because the prices have been strong,� McGreevy said. “It works well in this area.�

If the council can guide lentils in the same path as chickpeas, farmers will have cause to celebrate, especially when combined with research being done at Washington State University to alter the season of dry pea crops. “We’re developing some winter varieties of peas and lentils that would be planted in the fall to take advantage of

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

the rains we receive in the winter time and then harvest them in July instead of August or September. There’s some real potential to shift more acreage into the drier areas,� McGreevy said, which would allow farmers to grow more of the crops without giving up their wheat crops.

Growing more pea and lentil crops could also save farmers money considering their low maintenance. “It’s the most sustainable crop they grow, and the plant itself makes its own nitrogen. They really don’t have to apply any synthetic fertilizers in order to produce it,� McGreevy said. “It’s also a very low water use crop, it takes about 43 gallons of water to produce a pound of pulse crops which is incredibly low compared to most other crops.�

McGreevy, who runs a small farm himself, said he’s excited for the marketing project and the benefits it will bring to the local farmers, who will see better profits if the domestic demand rises. “If we saw an increased demand, we would definitely see a resurgence in not only the processing industry but certainly in the production as well.�

| Friday, September 28, 2012 | 9

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Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

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he growing demand for expanded marketing opportunities among livestock producers in eastern Washington is leading to construction of a new federally inspected slaughter house in Odessa, said Willard Wolf, president of the Livestock Producers Co-op Association.

Wolf said a feasibility study conducted by Whitworth College in Spokane and funded by Cattle Producers of Washington, determined that consumers are looking to buy local products and most buyers like the idea of knowing where their food is coming from. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The study determined that there is a real need for a small, federally inspected plant here,â&#x20AC;? Wolf said.

For producers of beef, sheep, pigs and goats to sell their cut and wrapped product retail and directly to consumers, animals must be processed in a federally approved facility and few in Washington are willing to work directly with producers.

Local livestock growers with direct marketing programs must currently ship animals to sites in Idaho and Oregon for processing, adding cost for producers and consumers. Wolf said in the past three years, almost 3,000 cattle, more than 2,000 sheep and 4,200 hogs were shipped out of state for slaughter each year.

Along with Wolf, the LPCA board of directors is comprised of a powerhouse of livestock producers from across the state â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Cass Gibbons of Brewster, Ed Gross, Fred Brown, both from Spokane, Randy Emtman of Valley Ford, Jeff Schmidt of Othello, Ace Timm, of Okanogan, Gary Galbrath, of Ritzville and Wade King of Odessa.

Combined these ranchers run more than 8,000 head of cattle and farm 30,000 acres. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a pretty powerful board,â&#x20AC;? Wolf said. â&#x20AC;&#x153;These are major producers that grow over 20 different food products.â&#x20AC;?

In all, 68 LPCA members are on board and ready to use the new facility which is set to open next spring, Wolf said. Many of them already have direct marketing programs in place.

Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012 The federally inspected slaughter house will employ the Temple Grandin processing method, the worldwide standard for humane animal handling.

Growers interested in the LPCA can contact Wolf at (509) 994-8051.

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

cern, animal welfare, environmental issues food safety and liability, business, and environmental regulations. n A series Platt said consumers of workshops today want to know where planned their meat comes from and in central the four-workshop series and eastern Washington is will help livestock producaimed helping ers meet that demand. livestock “Hopefully, (producers) Marketing workshops producers better can capture some profit that planned manage their would otherwise be captured direct marketing by middlemen,” Platt said.

While direct marketing operations and The first workshop is set provides additional oppora new federally for Nov. 1, at Pepper Jack’s tunities for producers, Tom inspected Bar and Grill in Grand Platt, Washington State slaughter house Coulee. Keynote speaker University extension educain Odessa is a Allan Peterson will discuss tor, said growers also face crucial first step topics including business new risks and challenges. in that process. planning and marketing.

Platt said a series of workThe second is scheduled shops starting in November Dec. 13, at Don’s Restaurant are aimed at helping producers manage direct marketing oper- in Soap Lake. Mark Nelson and Jan Busboom will focus on risks related to ations.

Some of the risks livestock produc- livestock finishing, meat quality, and ers confront in the direct market meat other factors identified and discussed business are similar to those they by a panel of people in the direct marface producing feeder and finished ket meat business.

The third, scheduled Jan. 10, in livestock, but many are unfamiliar.

The workshops will address financ- Ritzville at Washington Association ing, marketing and product supply of Wheat Growers, 109 E. First St. management, as well as public rela- will feature Ken Krous with the tions, product quality, consumer con- Washington Department of Revenue

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Registration for the workshop series is $85 until Oct. 12, then fees increase to $110. The registration fee covers lunches and refreshments. A brochure describing the workshops containing a registration form may be downloaded from http://bit.ly/meatmarketing. The brochure may also be requested by calling WSU Extension in Davenport at (509) 725-4171. For special needs accommodations, or for more information, contact Tom Platt at (509) 725-4171.

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who will discuss business regulations, Claudia Coles of the Lincoln County Department of Health will focus on sanitary and health regulations, David Lundgren will discuss environmental regulations and Ruth Newberry from WSU will concentrate on animal care issues.

The fourth is scheduled for Feb. 5, in Spokane at the Spokane County WSU Extension Center at 222 N. Havana St. and will emphasize managing food safety risk and liability. At the workshop participants will compile a list of strategies important for managing risks based on their direct market meat businesses experience.

| Friday, September 28, 2012 | 11

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12 | Friday, September 28, 2012 |

Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

Apples galore

Washington looking at potential record apple season Hail damage will make a slight dent in fresh market crop

By Meredith Metsker for Northwest Farm and Ranch

D

espite the widely spread hail damage in the spring and summer to apple orchards all over the state, Washington is still looking at a potential record crop this year, according to Jon DeVaney, executive director of the Yakima Valley GrowersShippers Association.

DeVaney said as the early apple harvests have progressed, apple growers have picked a significantly larger volume of fruits than anticipated.

The Yakima Valley Growers-Shippers Association in August predicted shipping 108.7 million boxes to market this year, which is almost one million fewer boxes than the state’s record of 109.4 million boxes set two years ago.

“Growers did see some damage, and that’s not good, but for the most part it’s going to be a very good year for the Washington apple industry,” DeVaney said.

Part of Washington’s good fruit economic fortune can be attributed to the severe apple damage in New York and Michigan. DeVaney said New York will yield only about half of its normal harvest, while Michigan’s yield has been reduced to about 10 percent of its normal harvest.

With Washington’s largest apple competitors out of the picture, DeVaney said Washington apple growers are sure to get good prices for their fruit, even after the hailstorms.

“There’s such demand that even fruit that has some hail marking, because of the nationwide shortage, low apple volumes, there’s going to be strong demand on the fresh market,” DeVaney said. “It’s very good news for Washington apple growers. … This year they’re going to see still strong demand for that fruit.”

DeVaney said as long as the hail didn’t break the skin of the apple, the apple could pass under the Washington Extra Fancy, Washington Fancy, and Washington standard hail grades. The more stringent Extra Fancy and Fancy grades also require that apples have few hail spots, that the damaged area is less than a total surface area of a half inch, and that the dents are no bigger than an eighth of an inch in size.

DeVaney said the spring and summer hail storms were “selective,” hitting some eastern Washington orchards hard while leaving others unscathed.

David Douglas, a District 2 commissioner for the Washington Apple Commission and owner of Douglas Fruit Co. of Pasco, said the harder hit orchards may also have to deal with

Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012 damage to the fruit trees themselves, which could afect next year’s returns.

Douglas also said it’s hard to know exactly how many apples will pass the hail grade and ship to fresh market so early in the harvesting season.

The other important factor in this year’s apple harvest season is the amount of the labor needed to harvest the fruit in time.

With a likely record harvest in the works, DeVaney said some orchards are stretched thin when it comes to labor forces.

“The labor is tighter than most growers would like. The fact that we’ve had good weather, that we are having longer days of harvesting, it’s a nice steady harvest period so we should have adequate time to get everything picked,” DeVaney said. “The weather has been cooperating which gives us more time to get the crop.”

DeVaney also said that orchardists who do not have the necessary labor to the get their crops in on time may simply have to pick the apples a day or two after the optimum harvest period.

The delay in harvest can negatively affect the fruit’s marketability, DeVaney said, because the apples will not store as well and growers will be pressured to sell as soon as possible rather than look for the best price.

Harvests of early apple varieties like honey crisp, golden delicious, and gala across the state of Washington are in full swing.

Meredith Metsker can be reached at (208) 882-5561, ext. 236, or by email to briefs@dnews.com.

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

| Friday, September 28, 2012 | 13

Searching for the way

Future Farmers of America make their way through the 11-acre Clearwater Corn Maze last year at the Lewiston Roundup Grounds with the help of Joe Vandal.

Steve Hanks/Tribune

Mixing fun and education UI corn maze provides visual learning experience

By Joel Mills for Northwest Farm and Ranch

T

he University of Idaho’s corn maze next to the Lewiston Roundup grounds is primarily about fun.

But it’s also an agricultural exposition that can help connect the farm to the table.

“With about 1 percent of our population today involved in production agriculture, most people have no idea where our food comes from, or how it’s produced,” said John Foltz, UI College of Agricultural and Life Sciences associate dean, who started the maze with some students a few years ago.

So when people visit the 11acre corn maze, they won’t just find fun. They’ll find facts about things like precision agriculture, Foltz said.

One example is how students, professors and local farmers worked together to create the maze over the last several months. Using a John Deere GreenStar guidance system, the

team created an intricate maze in record time.

“This year, we were able to do a much more complicated design, with half the number of people, in half the amount of time,” Foltz said.

The maze design is in honor of the 100th anniversary of 4-H programs in Idaho. It features a steer, the state Capitol, and a bicycle, which respectively represent the three missions of 4-H: science, citizenship and healthy living.

The GreenStar GPS transceiver and monitor were mounted to a mower in the field of immature corn. The operator then punched in the coordinates from a spreadsheet written by agricultural engineering professor Dev Shrestha, which he created from a student design.

“It shows you where you’re at, and where you need to drive,” Foltz said, noting this year’s maze has 1,062 GPS points.

The two previous corn mazes were plotted out using a handheld GPS unit, which took 10 to

12 hours.

Of course, such high-tech equipment isn’t intended for corn mazes. But they can show the public what modern agriculture is capable of. It helps farmers to plant and add fertilizers and other inputs in the most efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly way, Foltz said.

“This allows them to be very precise, and use no more than what they need,” he said.

There will be other educational opportunities at the maze, including fake cows that kids can milk, and posters detailing agricultural practices. There is also a quiz about Idaho agricultural on the back of a $1 map of the maze, a purchase that Foltz recommended.

“Otherwise, the people who get lost have no idea where they are, and we have no idea where they are,” he said.

The map shows the locations of 10 numbered stakes where people can wait after calling a cellphone number to report that they are lost. And with the corn 11 feet tall this year, getting lost is going to be a common experi-

If you go: n WHAT: Clearwater Corn Maze n WHERE: Lewiston Roundup

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Saturdays noon-10 p.m., and Sundays noon-5 p.m., starting Oct. 5, with a special Halloween haunted maze from noon-10 p.m. n COST: $5 per person (kids 4 and younger free) n WHY: Annual fundraiser for University of Idaho ag college student clubs

ence, Foltz said.

“It’s a little spooky-scary during the day because it all looks the same,” he said, noting that night maze-going will be even more surreal with the intense glow from four mast-mounted construction light arrays. “The tassels on the top of the corn plants kind of give off this weird, eerie glow. Then down in the maze it’s pretty dark. So it’s plenty scary, and people get lost.”

Joel Mills can be reached at (208) 8830564, or by email to jmills@lmtribune.com.

14 | Friday, September 28, 2012 |

Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

He knows what makes horse ticks Washington State professor researches equine fever

DID YOU KNOW? n At 825,000 acres, the King

By Debbie Bryce For Northwest Farm and Ranch

A

bicycle is propped in the corner under shelves filled with family photos and books. The small office is neat and functional and from this third-floor venue Don Knowles overlooks the Washington State University campus that has been his home the past 30 years.

Knowles is a research leader for the USDA Agricultural Research Service and a professor of Virology at WSU. “Doing research makes me a better Washington State University Professor Don Knowles was inducted into the teacher, and teaching makes me a better Agricultural Research Service Hall of Fame for his role in developing a treatment for researcher,” he said.

Knowles was just inducted into equine piroplasmosis, an infection rarely seen in the US. the Agricultural Research Service Hall of Fame and he plans to travel treatment for equine piroplasmosis, also tite and destroys red blood cells.

“Basically it causes the horse to to Washington, D.C., in December to called equine tick fever. The disease is transmitted to horses through the bite of become anemic,” Knowles said. accept the prestigious award.

Equine piroplasmosis is prevalent in Originally from Chicago, Knowles a tick carrying either the Babesia caballi South and Central America, Knowles was recognized for his role in develop- or Theileria equi parasites.

The disease causes fever, loss of appeing a conclusive diagnosis and then a

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Ranch between Corpus Christi and Brownsville, Texas, is larger than the state of Rhode Island. The working ranch was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1961.

said, and horses that test positive for the disease are banned from entering the U.S. Horses that have been exposed exhibit minor cold-like symptoms, but in the US where the disease is uncommon and animals have no resistance, an outbreak can be catastrophic.

“Horses that are at risk are ones that have never been exposed to it,” Knowles explained.

When the disease was detected in horses in California in 2000, Knowles and his team developed a conclusive diagnostic test for piroplasmosis. Expanding on treatments already being studied by

Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012 fellow scientist Ralph Knowles — no relation — Don Knowles was able to create an effective treatment for the infection.

“He started the process of testing drugs to treat this,” Knowles said. “With improved diagnostics, we were able to come up with a treatment for the disease.”

So when federal authorities notified Knowles that piroplasmosis was discovered on the King Ranch in Texas two years ago he was well equipped to help.

“When the outbreak occurred on the King Ranch we were ready to go,” Knowles said.

The King Ranch is an 825,000 acre, family owned operation known for producing world-class quarter horses as well as Kentucky Derby-quality thoroughbreds. In all, 150 horses had tested positive for piroplasmosis on the King Ranch, located outside Corpus Christi, Texas.

Knowles said treatment for equine piroplasmosis is expensive, but the alternatives are bleak.

“Basically there are three options,” he said. “Euthanize

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

“

You have to decide if you want to practice medicine or not. If I had to start over right now, I wouldn’t change a thing.”

Don Knowles WSU professor Geoff Crimmins/Daily News

A horse stands under a tree during a rain storm east of Kendrick. the horse, ship it out of the country or quarantine it for life, and that’s also expensive.”

Dave Delaney, King Ranch vice president and general manager, said putting the horse down was not an option.

“This is a working ranch,” Delaney said. “Our horses are on the payroll.”

The value of the horses’ genetic legacy also eliminated the possibility of euthanizing

them — the first-ever registered quarter horse was bred on the King Ranch, he said.

Delaney said the cost of treatment was about $400 to $500 per horse.

To eradicate piroplasmosis on King Ranch, pastures where infected horses were kept were vacated and all the horses were treated and moved to clean areas. Delaney said the horses will remain under quarantine

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for two to three years.

Delaney said Don Knowles “is a great scientist. He helped us to deal with state and federal agencies and return to normal operations.”

Knowles and Glen Scoles with the USDA unit also identified the cayenne tick as the predominant carrier of equine piroplasmosis. Their finding was later published in the journal Emerging Infectious Diseases.

None of the animals at the King Ranch were lost due to the disease and Knowles shares credit for that success

| Friday, September 28, 2012 | 15 with the staff at WSU. Knowles is currently working to create a vaccine for equine piroplasmosis.

After attending the University of Illinois, Knowles did his graduate studies at WSU in Pullman. He said he enjoys teaching and conducting research equally.

“The students keep you sharp,” Knowles said. “And I like training future scientists.”

When he’s not on campus at WSU, Knowles said he enjoys spending time with his wife, Jennifer and their two daughters.

An avid outdoorsman, Knowles recently returned from a fishing trip in Sitka, Alaska.

Knowles said he became interested in veterinary medicine early on, but the decision to teach and serve as a researcher came later.

“You have to decide if you want to practice medicine or not,” he said. “If I had to start over right now, I wouldn’t change a thing.”

Debbie Bryce can be reached at bryce. debbie@yahoo.com

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Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

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Cool, wet months have cause uncommon fungi Common barberry assists in stem rust epidemic

By Elizabeth Rudd for Northwest Farm and Ranch

W

hile many farmers in eastern Washington and northern Idaho area are familiar with stripe rust, this year’s cool, wet May and June brought on a rust that typically doesn’t fair well in the area.

Stem rust, a fungi that generally thrives in warmer temperatures, has swept many of the spring wheat and barley fields this year due to the delayed maturity of the crops caused by the wet spring, said Tim Murray, a Washington State Murray University professor of plant pathology.

“The last couple of years we’ve had pretty severe stem rust epidemics in the region,” Murray said.

He said typically in eastern Roberts Washington, the temperatures during growing season are not warm enough to allow for stem rust to develop, and

by July and August when it is warm enough it is too dry. Because of the late rains extending the moisture in the area, something fungi require to thrive, and the warm weather, this year farmers have experienced a severe stem rust epidemic.

Murray said at this point it is hard to know the effect on yield for the fields affected, which consisted of mostly spring wheat and barley although some were found in winter wheat, but he’s sure there will be some. He said some cases of stem rust on spring wheat and barley were so severe farmers were required to use a fungicide, which can be helpful if the fungi is detected soon enough.

As opposed to the more common stripe rust, a fungi which can handle cooler temperatures above freezing and survive on wheat, barley and

other grasses, stem rust requires a specific type of plant to complete it’s life cycle in the Northwest, Murray said.

“Initially, people didn’t make the connection between the barberry and stem rust,” he said.

Common barberry — a different species from decorative Japanese barberry — is a woody shrub that produces edible fruit and yellowpigmented bark. Murray said common barberry is an “old world plant” brought to the United States from Europe, and then across the nation by early settlers when they began homesteading and planting wheat.

The barberry plant also has thorns, which can be used to fence in animals, and the wood produced is strong enough to be used for tool handles, like shovels and rakes.

Murray said the connection between barberry and stem rust was discovered in 1917-1918, and because it was so bad in the Great Plains, a national program was developed in North Dakota and Minnesota in 1918. Washington joined the program in 1944. He said the purpose of the program was to locate barberry plants and eradicate them. The program also included educational programs to teach people about the plant so the public could help locate the bushes.

The program lasted until the mid 1970s, Murray said, and was highly successful with the last major epidemic occurring in 1956. Now, Washington is experiencing regrowth of barberry bushes in the areas where they were once eradicated, he said, which is contributing to the recent stem rust cycle.

“There’s not going to be another federal program, we know that,” Murray said. “There’s not enough money and the disease is not bad enough nationally to start another program.”

What they are doing, however, is using the information from the past program to educate the public and current farmers about stem rust and how to identify barberry bushes, he said.

“The idea again is to enlist the public support to locate the barberries, and then encourage the landowners to destroy them,” he said.

Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012 Diana Roberts, ger on it you’ll get a a regional extenbrown, rust residue,” sion specialist for she said.

WSU, is working The pustules are with Murray and the spores which Xianming Chen, a allows the fungi to be U.S. Department of transported, she said, Agriculture plant and recommended pathologist at WSU, farmers keep an eye to increase awareout for the rust durness of the barberry ing years with warm, through her work hot summers and late at the extension. rainfalls.

Roberts said they “It’s quite a strikare producing fliers ing plant,” she said. and offer informa“It has pretty yeltion about barberlow flowers in May. Diana Roberts ries and stem rust on Probably the easiest Extension specialist their website www. time to identify it is in PNWStemRust.wsu. the fall ... they keep edu, as well as hosttheir leaves longer ing workshops and speaking at con- than many other plants, it has shiny ferences. She said she is also plan- leaves and bright berries, and can be ning a webinar for the winter. anywhere up to 10 feet tall.”

She said she’s been working with Unlike stripe rust, stem rust canstem rust since 2007 after receiv- not survive on grass through the wining a call from Stevens County in ter so if the barberries are eliminated Washington where a farmer reported again the fungi will not be able to something on his wheat. Roberts said complete its life cycle, Murray said. what they found was an isolated, but For more information about stem rust, pretty bad case of stem rust. visit www.PNWStemRust.wsu.edu.

“If you see a plant that’s infected, the stem of the wheat has brown Elizabeth Rudd can be reached at (208) 882pustules ... and if you rub your fin- 5561, ext. 237, or by email at erudd@dnews.com.

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

| Friday, September 28, 2012 | 17

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If you see a plant that’s infected, the stem of the wheat has brown pustules ... and if you rub your finger on it you’ll get a brown, rust residue.”

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Moscow-Pullman Daily News

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Saving the mango WSU, UI team project could make use of Kenya’s abundant fruit and provide needed jobs

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ext to bananas, mangoes are said to be the second-most consumed fruit in the world. On the Palouse, they can be bought fresh or processed in a variety of grocery outlets.

But in developing countries like Kenya, where mango trees are prolific and the fruit abundant, experts estimate that half the annual crop rots on the ground or is lost in transit to markets.

A team of students at Washington State University in Pullman and the University of Idaho in Moscow, however, have come up with an idea for saving more of Kenya’s mango crop. In the process, team members have also proposed a way to create muchneeded jobs for povertystricken Kenyans.

The students recently won first place in an Institute of Food Technology national competition.

Titled “Developing Solutions for Developing Countries,” the contest focused on mango production.

“As soon as the mango comes off the tree, you have maybe two or three days to either refrigerate, process or preserve it somehow,” said Jesse Zuehlke, the team’s leader and a food science doctoral student at WSU. “And so, a group of eight of us entered and we came up with a solution to the excess of mangoes they have in Kenya every year.”

First, they created a unique mango product

Angela Lenssen photo

Anne Secor, a masters student in the School of Food Science, is prepping the mangos for the pilot-scale tunnel dryer. Dehydrated mangoes are a significant ingredient in the student developed food product. and named it Mango Maandazi. It’s basically a deep-fried doughnut filled with chopped dried mangoes.

Then the eight-member team, using solarpowered driers, went a step further and proposed establishing mango processing sites throughout the country that could each employ between 15 and 25 people.

“They just don’t have the capability to process and preserve all the mangoes,” Zuehlke

said. “So we came up with a regional processing mechanism, sort of a hub-and-spokes type design. It allowed for more mangoes, theoretically, to be processed and not wasted, while creating jobs in poverty stricken communities.”

The students were members of the joint WSU-UI Food Science Club. In addition to Zuehlke, members included WSU’s Rossana Villa-Rojas, Lauren Schopp, Anne Secor and Ford Childs; and UI’s

Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012 Alex Fredrickson, Jenny Lim and mixture, spiced with cardamom and laced with dried mango pieces. Water Amir Golmohamadi.

One judge, according to a WSU is added, the dough is kneaded, sliced news release, lauded the students for and fried.

“It’s actually pretty good,” Zuehlke going beyond creation of the mango maandazi product, which was the said.

A UI food scientist, Gleyn Bledsoe, main focus of the competition, and offering an economically feasible is currently looking to apply the stuproduction option geared to poverty dents’ winning results in Pakistan.

In addition, Zuehlke said, at least stricken villages.

“A mandazzi is eaten traditionally two world aid organizations have expressed interest in at tea time in Kenya as their mango work. “We’ll a fried doughy snack,” wait and see what hapZuehlke said, explainDID YOU KNOW? pens,” he said. ing that combining the Their research shows snack with mangoes n A mandazzi, that each of the proposed had apparently never a fried doughy mango drying sites could been done. “So we added snack, is eaten be set up for around sliced up dried mangoes traditionally at tea $5,500, Zuehlke said. into the mandazzi and time in Kenya.

Kenya’s transportation created a novel product infrastructure is limited in that way.” and the smaller processThe students ran two sensory-taste tests on campus ing centers spaced relatively close to and both showed “favorable” results. one another would be better than one Zuehlke said the mango mandazzi is or two larger operations.

“So by having multiple regional not as sweet as most American pastries, but Kenyan diets are tradition- drying sites on a much smaller scale, we minimize the transportation and ally less sugar-laden.

Mangoes take well to dehydra- minimize the supply chain so we tion. Not only does the process pro- don’t have to worry so much about the long shelf life, the fruit also seems mangoes being perishable.” to retain its taste and nutritional value. The mango mandazzi is actu- David Johnson can be reached at (208) 883ally a whole wheat and enriched flour 0564, or by email to djohnson@lmtribune.com.

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

| Friday, September 28, 2012 | 19 Adding dried mango to this popular Kenyan fried bread snack made the product ‘novel’ for the student competition.

The student team’s comprehensive plan to utilize wasted mangos in Kenya propelled the UI/WSU team to the first place position at the national competition.

Angela Lenssen photo

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Moscow-Pullman Daily News

Washington State UNIVERSITY

University recruits weed scientist to network with growers Lyon learning about Northwest ag after 22 years in Nebraska

By Holly Bowen for Northwest Farm and Ranch

W

ashington State University’s new endowed chair in small grains extension and research hopes to reach out to the region’s agricultural producers to learn what issues are important to them and to disseminate the university’s related research to those who can use it the most.

“I see myself as kind of a conduit between growers and researchers,” Drew Lyon said recently from his office on WSU’s Pullman campus.

Lyon, who is originally from Illinois but spent the past 22 years as a faculty member at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, said he’s happy his position at WSU is more focused on his specialty of weed science. At the UNL, he was a professor of agron-

omy and horticulture, while his doctorate, also from UNL, is in agronomy and weed science.

The WSU position, which is endowed by the Washington Grain Commission and focuses on the dryland crops of eastern Washington, divides Lyon’s time 30 percent for research and 70 percent for extension.

That means he’ll be spending quite a bit of time out

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in the field and on the road, meeting with growers and others who experience firsthand the challenges of Northwest agriculture, especially in the area of weed control.

“At this stage, I’m looking for what issues they’re finding problematic and how we can help with extension and research,” said Lyon, who started at WSU on Sept. 1.

For example, he recently visited Lind, Wash., to get a feel for agriculture there, and also met with Pacific Northwest Cooperative weed scientists in Pendleton, Ore.

In addition to learning about regional issues, Lyon said he wants to make WSU’s agricultural research more accessible and understandable to growers. That could include making more research-based information available on the Internet.

At the UNL, Lyon helped develop Crop Watch: Wheat, a website that features articles on wheat growing in western Nebraska. He said some of the information there could be of interest to growers in the Inland Northwest, but he added that he eventually

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Moscow-Pullman Daily News

| Friday, September 28, 2012 | 21

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You don’t have to go a long way to find people to work with and collaborate with at the scientific level.”

Drew Lyon On UI and WSU would like to develop a similar website specific to this region.

Crop Watch: Wheat is at http:// cropwatch.unl.edu/wheat.

Lyon said he hasn’t dealt much with some of the weeds that plague Northwest crops, like Italian ryegrass and mayweed chamomile, and added that some production systems are different in Nebraska.

On the Great Plains, he said, growers are encouraged to rotate crops to combat weeds. But eastern Washington doesn’t get as much rainfall, so a combination of strategies, including herbicides, may be the most successful. He said he hopes to compile information about the dif-

ferent methods of weed control into one package.

Lyon said growers are an excellent source of information and can help him get an idea of what he wants to accomplish at WSU. He said he’s fortunate to work at WSU because the University of Idaho and Oregon State University also have weed science programs.

“You don’t have to go a long way to find people to work with and collaborate with at the scientific level,” he said.

Holly Bowen can be reached at (208) 882-5561, ext. 239, or by email to hbowen@dnews.com.

Follow her on Twitter: @DailyNewsHolly

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hile Idaho is known for its potatoes, the international market is helping to root the spuds out and replace them with dairy.

“Dairy is our No. 1 agricultural industry in Idaho now,” said Laura Johnson, bureau chief for the Idaho Department of Agriculture’s market development division. “There’s been some expansion here.”

Dairy is leading the way for agricultural exports in Idaho, accounting for 35 percent of its total. Dairy exports are up 10 percent over the first six months of 2011, which was already a record-setting year for the state.

“Dairy is certainly our leader, but our success is really diversified,” Johnson said.

The surge in dairy exports has been greatest in the Asian market with cheese in high demand in South Korea and whey protein in China and Japan, which is up 20 percent over last year in the first sixth months of 2012. Johnson added butter is down.

“I think those surges had a lot to do with the tsunami there last year and are now probably going to go down to more reasonable levels,” she said.

Total agricultural exports to Japan in the first six months of 2012 are down 12 percent.

While China is up 73 percent for total agricultural exports from Idaho, it ranks third after Canada

Northwest Farm and Ranch | Fall 2012

Moscow-Pullman Daily News

At a 400,000 somatic cell count, Idaho milk meets European requirements for export, said Naerebout.

So dairy is up and making waves in Idaho, but potatoes shouldn’t be discounted. The desire for western food in Asian countries means an increase in fast food restaurants there. And burgers need french fries, which could explain why this variety of cut spud saw a 28 percent spike in exports in the first six months of this year over last.

Brandon Macz can be reached at (208) 882-5561, ext. 238, or by email to bmacz@dnews.com.

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Particularly in Asian countries, as they become more westernized, they are acquiring that taste and desire for foods like cheese.”

Idaho is seeing production increase with Idaho Milk Products bringing in a new plant four years ago and Glanbia Foods — Idaho’s largest processor — constructing a new cheese innovation center and corporate offices in Twin Falls.

As for the quality of Idaho milk over national competitors, Naerebout said the state sets its somatic cell count at 400,000 while the federal standard is 750,000.

The somatic cell count is used to determine the quality of milk and is an indicator for the amount of pathogens inside. The cell count increases as a response to bacteria.

LE

and Mexico, which “Particularly in were up 14 and 32 Asian countries, as percent respectively. they become more Canada may be westernized, they are credited as the largest acquiring that taste importer of Idaho agriand desire for foods cultural products, but like cheese,” she said. dairy only increased 5 But it’s not just percent. But the counIdaho that’s milktry also represents ing the benefits of 53 percent of Idaho’s higher international exports of edible vegdemand for dairy. etables and certain About 14 percent of roots and tubulars. dairy products proLegumes make up the duced in the United largest portion of this States goes to the agricultural category. international market, Cheri Chase China will likesaid Bob Naerebout, Communications director for ly give Canada and executive director for Mexico a run for their Idaho Dairymen’s United Dairymen of Idaho money as its economy Association. is expected to remain “It’s not just growon the rise. ing for Idaho,” said Naerebout. “It’s “The Chinese economy is ... expect- growing for all states that export ed to grow 8 percent this year, and (dairy).” that’s slowing down over the last 10 Oddly, the dairy industry is seeing years at 10 percent,” said Johnson. a spike in demand while the industry While Asian economies strengthen- has come down since its hay day in ing is one reason for Idaho’s increase 1981. in dairy exports, there’s still the matBack then, there were 225,000 ter of taste, said Cheri Chase, com- licensed commercial dairies in the munications director for the United United States, said Naerebout. Today, Dairymen of Idaho. there are about 53,000.

| Friday, September 28, 2012 | 23

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