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NOVEMBER 2018 Lewiston Tribune & Moscow-Pullman Daily News
| November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune
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WWII vet keeps memories to himself, celebrates life he’s lived since Battle of the Bulge survivor celebrates 70th wedding anniversary today
By Joel Mills // The Lewiston Tribune
L
ike many of the soldiers who fought through the Battle of the Bulge, Sid Bradley isn’t too talkative about the experience. The 92-year-old Clarkston Heights resident doesn’t boast that he survived the deep snow and bitter cold of the last major German offensive on the Western Front of World War II. He doesn’t crow that the Allies not only stopped the attack, but turned it back and soon brought the war to an end. And he doesn’t recall any glory from marching in San Francisco’s massive victory parade after returning stateside, just “a lot of walking.�
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“Day by day, you just did what you’re supposed to do,� Bradley said, sitting in his recliner with wife of 70 years, Pat, by his side. “That’s the way it was. We were headed for Berlin.� Bradley grew up in northwestern Washington and got his draft notice after high school. He crossed the Atlantic after accelerated basic training at Fort Leonard Wood in Missouri, (ANNIVERSARY — continued on page 4)
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But Bradley said the men of the U.S. Army 8th Infantry Division did what was necessary to push the line forward.
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 |
Lewis Clark Quilts of Valor (LCQOV) takes this opportunity to thank our community for your support and generosity. During this season of giving, we ask you to remember the work we do for our Veterans. 100% of your donation is available to LCQOV for the purpose of making a Quilt of Valor(QOV). The average cost is $250 out of pocket. Make a tax deductible donation: Payable to: “QOVF” specify “#555 LCQOV” in the memo line. Mail to: %Becky Mahurin, GL 1271 Bighorn Dr Lewiston, ID 83501
STEVE HANKS/TRIBUNE Sunday marks the 70th wedding anniversary for Pat and Sid Bradley of Clarkston as well as the 100th anniversary of Armistice Day. Sid served in the Army during WWII in the battle of the Bulge. The couple hold a picture board of photos of Sid as a young man and wedding photos of the couple.
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| November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune (ANNIVERSARY — continued from page 3) then took a
landing barge across the English Channel to Utah Beach about a month after D-Day.
“We took them out and sent them back,” he said. “They were ready to surrender. (The battle) was winding down then, pretty much.”
“We started walking across Germany,” he said of the division’s steady advance from Normandy into occupied territory. “There were several weeks we lived in Germanmade bunkers with no heat.”
Bradley never dwelled on his military service and didn’t join any veterans groups after he left the Army. Instead, he moved on. He went to college at Seattle Pacific College (now Seattle Pacific University), where he met Pat.
As summer turned to fall and winter, the weather took a severe and sustained turn for the worse. The soldiers had winter gear, but it wasn’t very good, Bradley said. Still, the men did what they could to keep from freezing and keep up the fighting. The pace was sporadic, but it picked up as the German forces weakened, and the division took over small towns one by one. One day, they advanced 18 miles, he said.
“We had some classes in common, but he was hooked up with some other girl,” she recalled.
There was shooting, of course, but Bradley recalled one incident where his unit took several prisoners without firing a single round. It was a Sunday, and several German soldiers were in church sitting with the congregation. Bradley said the Americans were able to enter unseen, and their adversaries gave up without a fight.
But Bradley eventually came to his senses and asked her out. Their first date was at an outdoor event on campus, where some students were playing workup, a game like baseball but for fewer people. “I hit a pop fly, and he caught it,” she said with mock disgust. But Pat Bradley, 90, must have gotten over that slight. Their 70th wedding anniversary is today. She said the secret to a long marriage is to be flexible. “It’s constantly changing, and you have to deal,” Pat
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 |
Bradley said. “There’s challenges, and you just have to face them. There’s got to be a commitment when you get married. Besides, my mother said, ‘You can’t come home. You’ve made your bed, now lie in it.’” The Bradleys moved to Clarkston in 1954 when Sid got a job as a sheet metal worker. They had four children while they lived in a home on Birch Street that Sid built himself. They moved up to the Heights about 20 years ago into another house Sid built, this time when he was 69 years old. They’ve added 11 grandchildren and nine greatgrandchildren to the family, and much of the brood will gather for an anniversary celebration this Thanksgiving at their daughter Peggy Wallace’s home in La Grande, Ore. Pat Bradley said all their happy years together have eclipsed what her husband went through in the war. He hardly ever talked about it, and she never pressed. And that was just fine with Sid. “It’s something you forget about and go on with your life and get a job,” he said. — Mills may be contacted at jmills@lmtribune.com or (208) 848-2266.
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| November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune
Germany flies white flag to the allies - Allied terms accepted Advices give details of surrender terms not be made public until later
From the Lewiston Tribune’s historical archives of Nov. 11, 1918
W
ashington, Nov. 11, — The world war will end this morning at 6 o’clock Washington time, 11 o’clock Paris time. The armistice was signed by the German representatives at midnight. This announcement was made by the state department at 2:50 o’clock this morning. The announcement was made verbally by an official of the state department in this form. “The armistice has been signed, it was signed at 5 o’clock
a.m., Paris time, and hostilities will cease at 11 o’clock this morning, Paris time.� The terms of the armistice, it was announced, will not be made public until later. Military men here, however, regard it as certain that they include: Immediate retirement of the German military forces from France, Belgium and Alsace-Lorraine. Disarming and demobilization of the German armies. (ALLIES — continued on page 8)
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 |
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| November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune (ALLIES — continued from page 6) Occupation by the allied
and American forces of such strategic points in Germany as will make impossible a renewal of hostilities. Delivery of part of the German high seas fleet and a certain number of submarines and all naval forces and disarmament of all other German warships under supervision of the allied and American navies which will guard them. Occupation of the principal German naval bases by sea forces of the victorious nations. Release of allied and American soldiers, sailors and civilians held prisoners in Germany without such reciprocal action by the associated governments. There was no information as to the circumstances under which the armistice was signed, but since the German courier did not reach German military headquarters until 10 o’clock yesterday morning, French time, it was generally assumed here that the German envoys within the French lines had been instructed by wireless to sign the terms. Forty-seven hours had been required for the courier to
reach German headquarters and unquestionably several hours were necessary for the examination of the terms and a decision. It was regarded as possible, however, that the decision may have been made at Berlin and instruction transmitted from there by the new German government. Germany had been given until 11 o’clock this morning; French time, 6 o’clock Washington time, to accept. So hostilities will end at the hour set by Marshal Foch for a decision by Germany for peace or for continuation of the war. The momentous news that the armistice had been signed was telephoned to the White House for transmission to the president a few minutes before it was given to the newspaper correspondents. Later it was said that there would be no statement from the White House at this time. Germany Accepts. Washington, D.C., Nov. 11. — Advices from Berlin states Germany has accepted terms.
The History of Veterans Day Veterans Day, formerly known as Armistice Day, was originally set as a U.S. legal holiday to honor the end of World War I, which officially took place on November 11, 1918. In legislation that was passed in 1938, November 11 was “dedicated to the cause of world peace and to be hereafter celebrated and known as ‘Armistice Day.’� As such, this new legal holiday honored World War I veterans. In 1954, after having been through both World War II and the Korean War, the 83rd U.S. Congress -- at the urging of the veterans service organizations -- amended the Act of 1938 by striking out the word “Armistice� and inserting the word “Veterans.� With the approval of this legislation on June 1, 1954, Nov. 11 Kermit Malcom says goodbye to became a day to honor American one of his daughters, 1945. veterans of all wars.
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 |
Dawn of last day saw battle eager as ever Americans attacked in force at 8, met devastating German fire From the Lewiston Tribune’s historical archives of Nov. 13, 1918
P
aris, Monday. Nov. 11. — When dawn came this morning there was no hint of the cessation of hostilities. East of the Meuse, regardless of the situation, the American second army attacked in force at 8 o’clock. The onslaught was preceded by a tremendous barrage, which was returned in kind by the enemy. For three hours the Americans swept forward, hurling themselves against the wire entanglements. The German gunfire was devastating. Then, exactly one minute of eleven, like a final thunder crash at the clearing of a storm, the guns on both sides abruptly ceased. The silence was more startling than the deafening roar of the barrage. For a brief minute intermittent rifle fire followed, then came a pause, punctuated by ripping cheers from the trenches on both sides of the line. What followed on one sector was perhaps one of the most
singular events of the war. Against the sky line figures were suddenly silhouetted. They appeared cautiously at first, but soon, growing bolder all along the line, they stood upright. These were Germans. The Americans were not so cautious. As the barrage died, ending in a final husky rumble in the distance from the big guns, runners went springing along the fire line. Instantly comprehending, the whole line of doughboys leaped from trenches, fox holes and shell craters, splitting the unaccustomed silence with a shrill cheer. The roar of voices was like an outburst at some college contest in America when a contestant scores a classic play. Strange to relate, the defeated enemy joined vociferously in the cheering as the world war finished. At one minute (LAST BATTLE — continued on page 10)
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10 | November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune
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(LAST BATTLE — continued from page 9) before 11 o’clock it
would have meant death
to show one’s head above shelter. Not more than a minute after the hour the rolling plain was alive with cheering, shouting men, friend and enemy alike. Not many minutes later Germans and Americans were coming along the narrow stretch of ground, so fiercely fought over, some shyly, and awkwardly, like embarrassed school boys. The first advances were followed by offers from the Americans of cigarettes, chocolate and chewing gum. The Germans in some cases reciprocated with offers of hot coffee, bread and sausage. The order forbidding fraternizing was strict but the novelty of the situation at times overcame prudence and doughboys surreptitiously visited nearby enemy dugouts. Along the barbed wire at a road crossing some doughboys and Germans began a brisk barter for souvenirs. The Germans were bewildered by the number of Americans speaking German. “Sure, my old man was born in Germany,” laughingly remarked one stalwart private. “That’s nothing.” said another; “my mother and father were both born there.”
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 | 11
A middle-aged landsturmer exclaimed; “Yes, the war is finished, thank the good God. My only wish is to get back to Germany.” A slender, pink-cheeked machine gunner said: “Yes, I know the kaiser has abdicated.” Instantly a young aristocrat raised his voice: “There will be no revolution in Germany; a new emperor will succeed.” An uproar immediately arose. The speaker was drowned out by protesting voices. Then the Germans began offering the Americans such news and gossip as they knew. The approach of an officer broke up the conversations. Tonight the Germans are celebrating peace along the lines by firing flares, rockets and signal lights. The night is uproarious with cheering. The victorious Americans are taking it more calmly. Along the front the majority of them are getting a good night’s sleep. Behind the lines in towns brilliantly lighted for the first time in four years, French and Americans are parading the streets arm in arm, singing the Marseillaise, the Star Spangled Banner and French and American war songs.
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12 | November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune
2018 Salute A VETERAN Robert G. Johnson
QG 6KLSV 2Io FHU 86 $UP\ 7UDQVSRUW 6HUYLFH 3 years - World War II
William M. O’Kelley Corporal - Army
1953-1955 1st Infantry Division, Germany
Michael O’Shaughnessy SPC - Army
<HDUV RI 6HUYLFH USA/Afghanistan/Germany
Gary R. Johnson E4 CS-3 - USCG
Randy G. Johnson
E4 Corporal - USMC
4 years Cutter Cape Henlopen 95328; Cutter Point Bennett 82351; Lightship WLV-196
4 years El-Toro; Camp Lejeune; Iwakuni, Japan
Timothy John Heintz Timothy J. Heintz xxxxx 63 0HGLF $UP\
Staff Sergeant - Army Air borne
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Patrick O’Shaughnessy E3 - Navy
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Clint Engledow, Sr. 1943-1945 Europe WWII
Ken Eldred
6SHF ( 86 $UP\ 1967-1969 Vietnam
A. Jeno Johnson
J. Patrick O’Kelley
E5 Sergeant - USMC
Sept. 2013 - Present 1st Marine Division, Camp Pendleton CA; US Marine Corps Base, HI; Okinawa, Japan
Gunner’s Mate 2nd Class - Navy 1951 - 1954 USS Gunston Hall LSD-5 - Japan/Korea
Clint Engledow, Jr.
Clint Engledow III
3 years Vietnam
8 years - Asia
Cpl. 1st Class - USMC
US Navy
Tom E. Anderson E4 - Navy <HDUV RI 6HUYLFH Vietnam U.S.S. Midway
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 | 13
2018 Salute A VETERAN Robert â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bobâ&#x20AC;? Clark Fireman 2nd Class - US Navy 1951-1955 8 6 6 -DVRQ 3DFLo F )OHHW
Philip S. Zaversnik
Electrician Mate DM3C â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Navy 1941-1943 $VLDWLF WR 3DFLo F
Robert Barrantine E4 - Air Force
Wesley F. Izenhower Sp 5 - Army
1968-1970 Central Highlands, Pleiku; Infantry Medic - Vietnam
Photo Recon 1964 - 1968 Denver; Tampa; Vietnam; Wichita
Bill Braun
Eldon J. Lott
Sergeant - Army
Combat Medic - Army
1946-1947 Korea
1969-1971 Vietnam
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Alan T. Anderson BM-3 - US Navy
3 years of service USS Haleakala, Vietnam
Wallace D (Wally) Rugg Sergeant - Air Force 1943 - 1946 6RXWK 3DFLo F 7KHDWUH
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Robert Setlow LT 1 - U.S. Airforce
Jamin D.E. Adams
20 Years of Service Takhli Air Base Thailand, Vietnam - May 1967-1968 EB66C
3HWW\ 2Io FHU QG &ODVV 1DY\ 2008 - Present San Diego CA, Bremerton WA, Sasebo Japan and soon Norfolk VA
Neil Anderson
LEFT: SSgt. - Army 101st Airborne Infantry/Recon - 1968-1970 Vietnam RIGHT: SSgt - Army Reserve - 1973-1991 Active duty Desert Shield & Desert Storm 1990-1991
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Richard Knigge
Private 1st Class - US Army
1916 - 1918 Wounded in Action - received a Purple Heart WWI; Argonne Forest France
Mark E. Rice
Captain - Army
10 Years FT. Huachuca, AZ, Instructor at the Military Intelligence Center of Excellence
Edward W. Lear Jr. Lance Cpl - Marine Corps 4 Years of Service 1987-1991 Gulf War, Desert Storm Kuwait
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14 | November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune
2018 Salute A VETERAN Jerome Schrempp Sergeant - Army
Michael Williams Corporal - U.S. Marines
Robert Alan Morton
Captain - U.S. Army
3 Years of Service &HQWUDO 6 3DFLo F 7RN\R -DSDQ
4 Years &DPS 3HQGOHWRQ &DPS /H-HXQH ,UDT
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Rich Grove
Dennis R. Paul
*< Sergeant - US Marines 21 years: Oct. 1962 - Oct. 1983
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 | 15
2018 Salute A VETERAN Frank Williams & Alex Bayless E6 Staff Sergeant - U.S. Army & E4 Corporal - U.S. Marines 1967-1969 & 2014-2018 Vietnam & Twenty Nine Palms, CA
Ray E. Tannahill E5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; US Army
41/2 Years 1RUWK &DUROLQD 2NLQDZD
Loren (Ben) Tannahill
5 yrs. of service - San Diego, CA West PAC, Iraq
Gunner, Radio Operator 3.5 yrs. of service - Mainland US
3/29/1941â&#x20AC;&#x201D;12/21/1945 &HQWUDO 3DFLo F &DPSDLJQ WWII, Iwo Jima
Hugh D. Tannahill
Hugh W. Tannahill US Army
Dr. Elwin C. Klein 3HWW\ 2Io FHU QG &ODVV 1DY\
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1943-1945 Philippines
Tanner Benton
Wilfred (Scotty) Scott Sr.
Staff Sergeant - US Marines
Sergeant - Army/Air Force
Sgt. E-5 - US Army
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Gary Rowland Sergeant - Army Air Borne
Marvin J. Wittman
Jessica R. Wittman (Cook)
Eric Benton
EM2(SW) - US Navy
2014 -Current DDG-56 UUS John S McCain
Duane Benton
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16 | November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune
2018 Salute A VETERAN Ken T. Brackett
Master Sgt - Air Force
1985 - 2009 Norton AFB; McChord AFB Tacoma, WA
Larry Tannahill
Sergeant - DAV - US Army
Chuck Neil Spec 5 - Army
2 years Vietnam - Xmas 1966
Tracie Ann Coy
Captain - Air Force
Ron Hayhurst
Nels Anderson
E5 - Army/National Guard 20 years of service Lewiston Id, Iraq
Infancty Light Nachine Ganner and Scout, Italy
Roy Ann Coy Army- WWII
Eric Timme
Daniel W. Smith
1967 - 69 Vietnam
1968-1971 Korea 1969-70; Vietnam 1971
8 Yrs Navy / 8 Yrs Airforce Iwakuni, Okinawa, Afghanistan, Qatar
4 Years of Service Flight Engineer Attu - Aleutain Islands
Clifford O. Baldwin PFC - U.S. Army 4 Years of Service Fort Lewis, Tacoma, WA
Cameron J Sager
Dale Marshall
E2 - U.S. Navy 1 Years of Service Pensacola, Florida
Dale Black
Sargeant - Army
Spec 5 - Army 3 Years of Service Fort Lewis, Fork Ruclcer AL, Savannah GA, Chu Lai Vietnam, Semback Airbase, Germany
PFC - WWII 1944-1946
LTJG - Navy
2002 - Current NASWI, USS Nimitz, NAS Fallon
PO2-E5 - Navy 1969-1975 Mayport, Florida, West Pac 1971, Around The World Cruise. Med Cruise 1972
Michael Steven
Fredrick Funke
Tech Sergeant - USAF AFSOC; 720th Special Operations Wing 2007 to Present Cannon AFB, Ramstein, AFB, Germany; Afghanistan; Fairchild AFB
PV- Army/Infantry 1953-1955 Korean War
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 | 17
On the right track Advantages to earning a commission through senior ROTC programs at college, explained
By Scott Jackson // Moscow-Pullman Daily News
T
he Reserve Officer Training Corps cadets that roam local campuses are easy to spot on the days they’re in uniform, but most of the time it’s tough to distinguish them from an average student — which may be part of the advantage to the program. While the primary motivation for these prospective future officers who enroll in senior ROTC programs is to earn an officer’s commission, the college environment offers unique challenges and advantages to new cadets. “Each branch runs their Senior ROTC programs a little different,” said retired U.S. Army Capt. Tim Tate, who now
Reece Michael Fredick Baldwin PFC- Army Infantry 1 Year of Service Korea
Daniel Harris
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1972-1976 Homestead FL; Company H MAR SPT BTLN
serves as a civilian recruiter for the Army ROTC. “The Air Force, Navy and Marines tend to do most of their training during the summers while the Army conducts most of its leadership and development during the school year while the cadets are earning their degrees making time management critical.” When cadets graduate from ROTC and go on to serve, they begin with the lowest rank in the officer track as a second lieutenant or ensign (Navy) as opposed to directly enlisting, where recruits are given the lowest enlisted rank — either a private in the Army, a seaman in the Navy or an airman in the Air Force. (ROTC — continued on page 18)
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18 | November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune (ROTC — continued from page 17) Of these enlisted recruits
that sign up directly to
serve, Tate said “They’re the trigger pullers, the mechanics underneath the vehicles — the soldiers who make everything happen. They can rise through the enlisted ranks to become non-commissioned officers (NCO) or sergeants. This takes a lot more time to earn their stripes.” Senior ROTC programs are typically four years long in which young people are both filtered out and groomed
IN HONOR AND MEMORY OF ALL VETERANS, ESPECIALLY
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for success through the process of going through college, figuring out how to learn in a college classroom and earn a degree, all while receiving leadership training and development. “A whole lot more human capital gets invested in these cadets and midshipmen to become an officer and start out at the bottom,” Tate went onto say. “The whole goal from Army ROTC perspective is to groom young people for success to take a commission and walk out together with a platoon sergeant, work hand-in-hand to lead 30 soldiers somewhere in the world. That is the biggest thing we have to offer someone.” Tate said there are a variety of ways to earn a commission in the armed forces, including attending a military academy like West Point or attending officer candidate school, but he believes there are distinct advantages to joining an ROTC program. He said cadets are also college students and so they have the opportunity to hone their social skills in that setting. They often join greek life, go to parties, have girlfriends and boyfriends — some even get married.
THANK YOU
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 | 19
He said there is evidence to suggest officers who commissioned from ROTC perform very well in many areas attributed to this process. He said the UI program is a particularly good program, noting their 2014 class of recruits was ranked seventh in the nation out of 230 programs. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m biased for ROTC,â&#x20AC;? Tate said. â&#x20AC;&#x153;Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;m proud of the program â&#x20AC;&#x201D; weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re putting out a very good lieutenant out of this program. â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Jackson can be reached at (208) 883-4636, or at sjackson@
Kai Eiselein (RIGHT) ROTC members lead the University of Idaho homecoming parade.
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20 | November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune
5 facts to know about Veterans Day
By Katie Lange // defensse.gov
V
eterans Day is a well-known American holiday, but there are also a few misconceptions about it — like how it’s spelled or whom exactly it celebrates. To clear some of that up, here are the important facts you should know.
Veterans Day does NOT have an apostrophe. A lot of people think it’s “Veteran’s Day” or “Veterans’ Day,” but they’re wrong. The holiday is not a day that “belongs” to one veteran or multiple veterans, which is what an apostrophe implies. It’s a day for honoring all veterans — so no apostrophe needed.
Veterans Day is NOT the Same as Memorial Day.
A lot of Americans get this confused, and we’ll be honest — it can be a little annoying to all of the living veterans out there. Memorial Day is a time to remember those who gave their lives for our country, particularly in battle or from wounds they suffered in battle. Veterans Day honors all of those who have served the country in war or peace — dead or alive — although it’s largely intended to thank living veterans for their sacrifices.
It was originally called Armistice Day, commemorating the end of World War I. World War I officially ended when the Treaty of Versailles was signed on June 28, 1919. However, the
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 | 21
fighting ended about seven months before that when the Allies and Germany put into effect an armistice on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month. Â Â For that reason, Nov. 11, 1918, was largely considered the end of â&#x20AC;&#x153;the war to end all warsâ&#x20AC;? and dubbed Armistice Day. In 1926, Congress officially recognized it as the end of the war, and in 1938, it became an official holiday, primarily a day set aside to honor veterans of World War I. But then World War II and the Korean War happened, so on June 1, 1954, at the urging of veterans service organizations, Congress amended the commemoration yet again by changing the word â&#x20AC;&#x153;armisticeâ&#x20AC;? to â&#x20AC;&#x153;veteransâ&#x20AC;? so the day would honor American veterans of all wars. Â For a while, Veterans Dayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s date was changed, too, and it confused everybody. Congress signed the Uniform Holiday Bill in 1968 to ensure that a few federal holidays â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Veterans Day included â&#x20AC;&#x201D; would be (FACTS â&#x20AC;&#x201D; continued on page 22)
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22 | November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune
(FACTS — continued from page 21) celebrated on a
Monday. Officials hoped it would spur travel and other family activities over a long weekend, which would stimulate the economy.
Thank you to all the Men and Women who have served our Country. * **
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For some inexplicable reason, the bill set Veterans Day commemorations for the fourth Monday of every October. On Oct. 25, 1971, the first Veterans Day under this new bill was held. We’re not sure why it took three years to implement, but not surprisingly, there was a lot of confusion about the change, and many states were unhappy, choosing to continue to recognize the day as they previously had — in November.
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Within a few years, it became pretty apparent that most U.S. citizens wanted to celebrate Veterans Day on Nov. 11, since it was a matter of historic and patriotic significance. So on Sept. 20, 1975, President Gerald Ford signed another law (Public Law 94-97), which
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 | 23
returned the annual observance to its original date starting in 1978.
Other countries celebrate it, too, in their own ways. World War I was a multinational effort, so it makes sense that our allies also wanted to celebrate their veterans on Nov. 11. The name of the day and the types of commemorations differ, however. Canada and Australia both call Nov. 11 “Remembrance Day.” Canada’s observance is pretty similar to our own, except many of its citizens wear red poppy flowers to honor their war dead. In Australia, the day is more akin to our Memorial Day. Great Britain calls it “Remembrance Day,” too, but observes it on the Sunday closest to Nov. 11 with parades, services and two minutes of silence in London to honor those who lost their lives in war. To learn more, visit www.defense.gov.
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24 | November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune
The roles of the different branches of the U.S. military
MetroCreative
T
he United States military is one of the most comprehensive, effective and respected armed forces in the world. Without the tireless commitment of military personnel - from the soldiers on the ground to the support staff behind the scenes - America could not be the world power it is today. Each branch of the U.S. military has a unique mission, and here is a brief rundown of what those missions entail, courtesy of Military.com and the U.S. Department of Defense.
United States Army The Army is one of the three military departments that
reports directly to the Department of Defense. The Army conducts operational and institutional missions around the world, typically handling land-based missions. The Army also guards U.S. installations and properties throughout the world.
United States Marine Corps The Marine Corps is a component of the Department of the Navy. It carries out global missions on both sea and shore and serves as an expeditionary force. Marines are a rapid-reaction team and are usually the first boots on the ground in a conflict.
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 | 25
United States Navy Serving to protect the freedom of the seas, the Navy is another branch of the military that reports directly to the Department of Defense. Among its many missions, the U.S. Navy serves to make the seas safe for travel and trade.
United States Air Force The Air Force also reports directly to the Department of Defense and trains for and maintains global superiority in air, space and cyberspace. Air Force personnel fly planes, helicopters and even satellites.
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United States Coast Guard The Coast Guard safeguards maritime interests through both civil and military missions. The Coast Guard operates around the world and in domestic waterways and ports.
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United States Army National Guard T he oldest branch of the U.S. military, the National Guard serves as a complementary force to active duty. Those in the National Guard are trained to be versatile, providing
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(BRANCHES â&#x20AC;&#x201D; continued on page 26)
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26 | November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune (BRANCHES — continued from page 25) for humanitarian
aid, domestic emergencies, combat missions, and homeland security operations. The Air Force Reserve, Air National Guard, Army Reserve, Coast Guard Reserve, and Navy Reserve are the other branches made up of servicemen and servicewomen who primarily work civilian jobs but may be called to fulltime military duty if necessary. The U.S. Armed Forces are headed by the president of the United States. The secretary of the Department of
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Defense reports directly to the commander-in-chief. The DOD controls each military branch, except for the Coast Guard, which is overseen by the Department of Homeland Security. Learn more about the U.S. military at dod.defense.gov.
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Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune | November 11, 2018 | 27
Edward Jones Salutes the courage and loyalty of our troops, both now and in the past. Thank you.
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28 | November 11, 2018 | Moscow-Pullman Daily News & Lewiston Tribune
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Thank you,
to all our veterans who serve and give their all for our freedom.
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