The Daily Northwestern — February 6, 2017

The Daily Northwestern Monday, February 6, 2017

DAILYNORTHWESTERN.COM 8 SPORTS/Women’s Basketball

3 CAMPUS/Student Activism

Cats crumble in loss to Nittany Lions

Students gather to call, write representatives in opposition to Trump executive orders

Find us online @thedailynu 4 OPINION/Editorial

Local elections more important than ever

High 50 Low 41

ROAD TO RESOLUTION Reporting remains a taxing experience as NU aims to increase Title IX awareness

By CLAIRE HANSEN

daily senior staffer @clairechansen

Walking to class on day one of Winter Quarter 2016, Lucy Godinez saw the student who allegedly sexually assaulted her for the first time since leaving his apartment that night.

At first, Godinez said she felt the standard awkwardness of running into a former sexual partner.

But as they began making small talk about Winter Break, Godinez said her unease turned into intense discomfort.

It had been nearly seven months since the June night when Godinez said she went home from a party with the male student and had what Godinez later told University investigators was aggressive and non-consensual sex, according to confidential documents obtained by The Daily. She also told investigators that she had been drunk at the time of the encounter and later discovered bruises on the sides of her neck and inside her

throat.

The male student declined an interview request after The Daily reached him via social media.

Godinez’s efforts to cope with her alleged assault during those seven months were made easier by the fact that she did not see him, she said. Summer vacation started days after the incident and the student was abroad during Fall Quarter.

Godinez, a Communication junior, said her discomfort seeing the student on the first day of winter classes only intensified as the weeks went on. She started going late to class to avoid the other student, she said, often hiding in the bathroom until she felt certain he had left the building.

Initially, Godinez was hesitant to report the incident. She knew almost nothing about the reporting process, she said. And, since she said she went home with him and did not initially say “no,” she did not think she would have a case.

It was only after another student walked her through Northwestern’s consent policy — one

Source: Sexual Harassment Prevention Office website, Graphic by Juliet Freudman

that requires consent to be knowing, active, voluntary, present and ongoing for each part of a sexual encounter — that Godinez said she came to believe the male student had violated it.

Godinez said she did not believe she actively consented to what happened during sex, or the manner in which it proceeded. She told University investigators that she was intoxicated to the point that she could not remember parts of the encounter.

About 11 months after the alleged assault, in early May 2016, Godinez filed a formal report with the Sexual Harassment Prevention Office, also known as the

Title IX office. When she did so, she entered a four-month process she described as emotionally trying and invasive.

Godinez’s case was one of 179 sexual misconduct reports the University received during the 201516 academic year. The data comes from the Sexual Misconduct Data Report released by the office at the end of 2016.

This past summer, as Godinez awaited the resolution of her case, the University prepared to launch a series of changes aiming to make students more aware of the process and more open to reporting their experiences with sexual assault if they wish to do so.

Reporting the data In late December, the Title IX office quietly published its first ever Sexual Misconduct Data Report online. The 11-page document outlines the number of sexual misconduct reports filed during the last academic year, the types of reports filed and their outcomes.

Of the 179 sexual misconduct reports NU received between Sept. 1, 2015, and Aug. 31, 2016, 93 reported sexual harassment and 46 involved sexual assault, according to the data.

Just over half of the reports list an NU faculty member, staff member or student as the respondent — the person who the report is filed

against — while the rest were filed against people outside the NU community. The document does not provide details on cases involving people outside Northwestern.

Sixty-five reports were filed against students, according to the data. Sexual harassment and sexual assault constituted the majority of allegations, with 26 and 23 reports filed respectively, according to the data report.

But of the 65 incidents reported, only 26 complainants elected to go through either a formal or informal resolution process. Seventeen incidents, including some reported » See TITLE IX, page 6

Former employee sues Evanston New SESP dean

By NORA SHELLY

daily senior staffer @noracshelly

A f or mer Evanston employee has filed a lawsuit against the city and a former supervisor alleging breach of contract, “willful and wanton conduct” related to alleged workplace harassment and improper termination.

Kenya Evans, who was

employed in the Public Works Department, filed the lawsuit in the Cook County Circuit Court last week. The defendants in the case are the city and Evans’ former supervisor, Suzette Robinson. Evans alleges in the suit that Robinson harassed her during her employment at the city, making fun of her clothing and calling Evans a “stripper and a prostitute on numerous occasions.”

According to the suit documents, Evans was hired in March 2014 and fired in July 2016.

According to the suit, Robinson was accused of harassment ranging from derogatory comments about her clothing or hometown to purposely speaking into Evans’s left ear, which is deaf.

Evans is also alleging other city employees witnessed the harassment.

According to the suit, Evans frequently missed work or left early due to the harassment from Robinson, as Evans reported it caused daily headaches, vertigo, stress, loss of sleep and appetite, unease and other physical symptoms.

The suit says Evans originally denied the harassment was taking place out of fear » See SUIT, page 3

Ward, mayor candidates talk issues

By KRISTINA KARISCH

the daily northwestern @kristinakarisch

Candidates for mayor and 5th Ward alderman emphasized the importance of affordable housing and anti-violence initiatives in Evanston at a forum Saturday morning.

The forum, hosted by the League of Women Voters of Evanston in the Lorraine H. Morton Civic Center, consisted of candidate statements and questions from the audience. More than 100 people attended the

event, forcing it to move from a ground-floor conference room to the council chambers.

Ald. Brian Miller (9th), who is running for mayor against Ald. Mark Tendam (6th), Steve Hagerty, Gary Gaspard and Jeff Smith (Weinberg ’77), said one of his top priorities if elected mayor would be to increase police accountability. “(We have to make sure) our officers are treating all our residents in a fair, equitable and just manner,” Miller said. “Our current process is not effective in addressing some of the complaints in our community.”

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Miller — who called for the release of the arrest video of Northwestern graduate student Lawrence Crosby — emphasized the need for an independent police review board and re-examination of the complaint process. He also discussed need for further de-escalation training for police officers.

Candidates also addressed the need for violence reduction programs.

Several candidates cited the Mayor’s Summer Youth Employment Program, which provides summer jobs to Evanston teenagers, as an effective way of keeping

adolescents occupied over the summer, potentially reducing crime.

“We’ve created jobs for over 600 youths,”Tendam said. “There was actually no youth violence, or almost none to speak of, in the city of Evanston last summer. So we know jobs are critical.”

Smith emphasized getting to the root of the problem, finding out why violence happens and allowing for the city to “foster a culture of peace.”

Both sets of candidates spoke about the need for more » See FORUM, page 3

prepares for role

By ERICA SNOW

daily senior staffer @ericasnoww

Human development and social policy Prof. David Figlio estimates he’s taught more than 13,000 students over the course of his professional career.

Now, he’ll oversee more than 700 undergraduate and graduate students, 34 faculty and more than 100 staff members as the new dean of the School of Education and Social Policy.

Figlio was named the new SESP dean on Feb. 3. His predecessor, Penelope Peterson, is the longest-serving dean currently at Northwestern. Peterson assumed the role in 1997 and will retire in August. After years of teaching experience, paired with administrative work from five years as the Institute for Policy Research’s director, Figlio said he felt prepared for the responsibilities of being SESP’s new dean.

Figlio said he is excited to get to know each SESP faculty member and their research, as he has done at IPR. And even though he has taught human development and social policy classes at

Northwestern, he said he is looking forward to more interaction with students.

“It’s a privilege to be able to come in, to follow someone who’s been such a thoughtful and productive and constructive dean for the length of time that she has,” Figlio said. “That means the foundation is incredibly strong.”

Figlio said the position made sense after his years at IPR and his relationships with faculty and administration. He also said he was eager to get to know other new hires, such as incoming Provost Jonathan Holloway. Holloway, dean of Yale College, will replace Dan Linzer as provost in July.

Political science Prof. James Druckman, IPR’s associate director, said he could not imagine a better faculty member to serve as the next dean. Under Figlio’s leadership, IPR has deepened its impact on public policy, Druckman said.

“He has everything you’d want in a dean,” Druckman said. “He cares deeply about mentoring and students. He cares deeply about promoting faculty research. He » See FIGLIO, page 3

INSIDE: Around Town 2 | On Campus 3 | Opinion 4 | Classifieds & Puzzles 6 | Sports 8

2 NEWS | THE DAILY NORTHWESTERN

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 2017

AROUND TOWN

Local students ask refugees to dinner

By DAVID FISHMAN

daily senior staffer @davidpkfishman

While President Donald Trump tries to reimplement an indefinite ban on Syrian refugees entering the country, students in Evanston tried to make a statement by inviting them over for dinner.

Despite language and cultural barriers, students from the Beacon Academy high school in Evanston found common ground with teenage Syrian refugees through a viral internet phenomenon: tossing a third-full Deer Park water bottle so it lands vertically on a table.

“When we make friends, we look for something in common. Even though this is little, it’s a really amazing thing,” said 15-year-old Michaela Abrams, a Beacon student.

On Friday night, about 30 Syrian refugees ate dinner with roughly the same number of Beacon Academy students, conversing over pizza, popcorn and pretzels. Abrams — who helped organize the dinner with the Syrian Community Network, a

Police Blotter Five vehicles stolen from Evanston car dealership

Five cars were stolen from a car dealership in south Evanston early Friday morning, police said.

Evanston police were dispatched to the dealership in the 1000 block of Chicago Avenue just after midnight over complaints of several loud individuals in the alley, according to a news release.

When the officers arrived on the scene, they did not find anyone in the alley but found a glass door broken at the dealership and an overhead bay door open. There was no one in the dealership at the time, but found an office inside had been broken into and an unoccupied vehicle left running inside. According to the news release, video from the dealership showed six individuals

nonprofit that assists in the resettlement of Syrian refugees — said she got the idea for a partnership from a service fair last fall.

“We decided that the best thing to do was to make friends,” she said. “And the best way to make friends is over food.”

Last month, Trump signed an executive order that indefinitely banned Syrian refugees and limited immigration from six other countries. A ruling from Washington on Friday halted the order nationwide. A federal appeals judge in San Francisco then rejected Sunday an appeal from the Justice Department requesting to reinstate the travel ban.

At a time when many refugees feel unwelcome in the U.S., Abrams said, the dinner presented an opportunity to prove otherwise.

Hadia Zarzour, a trauma therapist and vice president of the Syrian Community Network, said Friday’s dinner worked against Trump’s rhetoric on immigrants and helped humanize a refugee crisis primarily portrayed through numbers.

There are about 140 Syrian refugee families in Chicago, and six that live in Evanston, she said.

“When you move from place to place — different

language, different culture — we’re focusing on adjustment,” Zarzour said. “The first thing to feel welcomed is to have the social interaction. … It affects your self confidence. You matter.”

Speaking through a translator, Talal Turkmmani — a 17-year-old refugee who traveled to the U.S. last year — said the dinner was “beautiful.”

Turkmmani came to Chicago with his family from Homs, Syria’s third-largest city and the “heart of the revolution.”

The Syrian teenagers paired off with an American counterpart during the event. Using a worksheet, the students had to find someone who: plays basketball, drank coffee today, has been in a play, lives in Evanston and has read every Harry Potter book.

Abrams said she connected with a girl from Syria through their shared interest in music and theater, both having worked on a show and played in an orchestra.

“The best thing to do right now is to realize that we’re not all different,” she said. “We’re all capable of friendship.”

entering the dealership.

Chicago Police Department officer notified EPD that they recovered two unoccupied BMW vehicles near Fullerton Avenue and Lake Shore Drive in Lincoln Park, the news release said.

Managers at the dealership later confirmed five vehicles were stolen in the incident.

Four were recovered in Chicago, with one white 2013 BMW X3 still missing as of Friday afternoon.

The girl had a broken left leg and was taken to Evanston Hospital.

The driver — who said she didn’t see the girl because of sun glare — was given citations for failure to yield to a pedestrian in a crosswalk and for negligent driving, Dugan said.

Child hit by car, injured in north Evanston

A 12-year-old Evanston resident was hit by a car and injured Friday afternoon, police said.

The girl was was walking across the intersection at Prairie Avenue and McCormick Boulevard in a crosswalk when she was hit by a car driven by a 61-year-old Evanston woman, Evanston police Cmdr. Joseph Dugan said.

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Chase bank in south Evanston robbed

A Chase Bank in south Evanston was robbed Saturday afternoon, police said.

A 27-year-old Chicago man is in custody after the bank was robbed at about 12:45 p.m., Evanston police Cmdr. Joseph Dugan said. No weapon was used in the robbery.

City manager Wally Bobkiewicz said there were no injuries.

FBI agents are responding to the incident, Dugan said.

— Nora Shelly

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MONDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 2017

ON CAMPUS

Students contact reps to oppose Trump actions Advocacy group gets students to call, write their politicians

By JAKE HOLLAND

the daily northwestern @jakeholland97

Students contacted elected officials in an effort to to combat President Donald Trump’s recent executive orders at an event hosted Sunday by ZOOZ, a Jewish social advocacy organization at Northwestern.

ZOOZ organized a “Post-Inauguration Day of Action” at Fiedler Hillel to provide students with the resources necessary to enact tangible change, said Arielle Ticho, the group’s co-advocacy chair.

Students were provided with contact information for state representatives and senators, sent postcards and made phone calls and discussed effective strategies for engagement with elected officials.

Engagement with elected officials gives students the means to channel post-inauguration angst into “something that’s hopefully impactful,” said Ticho, a SESP senior.

Jesse Rudnick, a SESP freshman who attended the event, said there is a misconception that small actions –– like writing postcards and making calls

FIGLIO

From page 1 cares deeply about communicating with communities around us in Evanston and Chicago and in the country.”

Eric Betzold, IPR’s business administrator, said Figlio’s ability to coordinate his time — traveling across the country for research on education and health policy while also managing IPR’s operations — would serve him well under the demands of being

–– don’t cause a lasting impact.

People have more power than they think, she added, and raising one’s voice is the first step in fighting for social causes.

“Although you may not be talking to your senator on the other end of the line, that stuff does go somewhere,” Rudnick said. “We elected them. Ultimately their job is dependent on us, and they can’t do their job if they don’t hear from their constituents.”

Students at the event also wrote letters of support to local mosques, saying they stood in solidarity with the Muslim community.

Ticho added that it is important “now more than ever” to support Muslims, especially after Trump’s recent executive order barring citizens of seven Muslim-majority countries from entering the United States for 90 days. The executive order was suspended when a federal judge blocked it nationwide on Friday. On Sunday, a federal appeals court in San Francisco denied a request from the Justice Department to re-activate the order.

“Specifically, regarding the Muslim ban, the Jewish community knows something about being excluded, being rejected from certain places and being labeled as ‘other,’”Ticho said. “Given our history, we oppose vehemently this Muslim ban and this refugee ban.” jacobholland2020@u.northwestern.edu SESP’s dean. Though Betzold and Druckman are not sure who will take over as IPR’s director, Betzold said he hoped the new director would be able to manage time as well as Figlio.

But even though Figlio is leaving IPR, Druckman said he hoped Figlio would still be available to lend advice and guidance.

“He knows all of the faculty so well, and he’s been a great spokesperson for IPR … to show what a strong research center we are and how successful it can be to have collaboration across departments and across

SUIT

From page 1 of reprisal, but eventually reported it in either March or April 2015. Evans is not aware of any investigation into the matter. In March 2016, she was placed on a 90-day probation to improve several deficiencies in her work, the suit says.

According to the suit, complaints against Evans included “needs to be more attentive to details, that she is spending too much time engaged in non-work related socialization during work hours including allegedly excessive personal texting and telephone calls.”

FORUM

From page 1 affordable housing in Evanston. Many candidates commended existing funds, but said there should be other strategies put in place to ensure homeowners can afford housing in the first place.

Affordable housing has been widely discussed at forums throughout the city during the lead-up to the election, and it continues to be one of the most important issues to candidates across the board.

Carolyn Murray, who is running for alderman against Carlis Sutton, Daniel Featherson, Robin Rue Simmons and Misty Witenberg, said reviving the “first-time buyer program” would help make sure housing is affordable for those trying to settle in Evanston.

The program was designed to help individuals purchase their first house in Evanston. The state of Illinois still has a similar program in effect, which combines schools,” Druckman said.

In addition to serving as the Orrington Lunt Professor of Education and Social Policy at Northwestern, Figlio also holds a courtesy economics professorship.

Previously, he taught economics at the University of Oregon and the University of Florida. Figlio also worked with the Department of Economics at the University of Oxford, after he obtained a Ph.D. in economics from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Figlio said he received many emails and Facebook messages congratulating him on his new position, but

Later, claims Evans was making “excessive use and abuse of the sick leave policy” were filed. The suit also alleges the city did not produce witnesses and documents asked for in several of the disciplinary meetings.

Evans was eventually fired in July 2016, after meetings about her work performance and a pre-disciplinary meeting in June 2016, according to the suit.

City manager Wally Bobkiewicz declined comment on the issue, citing the pending litigation. norashelly2019@u.northwestern.edu a 30-year fixed rate mortgage with a $7,500 down payment assistance grant.

“The first-time buyer program, a program I benefitted from when I bought my house over 15 years ago, is no longer existent,” Murray said of the city program.

“We’re looking at initiatives, and building upon initiatives, that the city (had diminished or phased out).”

Other 5th Ward candidates spoke about implementing a “liveable wage” in Evanston to help with economic development and housing, as well as increased job training and a move toward competencybased hiring.

A primary for the mayoral and 5th Ward aldermanic election is planned for Feb. 28, with early voting starting Feb. 13.The top candidates from each race will move on to the general election, unless one receives above 51 percent of the vote. The general election is scheduled for April. kristinakarisch2020@u.northwestern.edu the notes that impacted him the most were ones sent from former students.

“I was one professor out of dozens that each of them had as an undergraduate,” Figlio said. “For someone who I haven’t seen in 10, 15 or 20 years to just see my name and think, ‘Oh, I really need to reach out to him,’ that was really super meaningful to me, and kind of confirmatory too, that this is what I’m meant to do.” ericasnow2019@u.northwestern.edu

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OPINION

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Monday, February 6, 2017

EDITORIAL

In Trump era, local elections hold new importance

Immediately following President Trump’s inauguration, Americans got to work demonstrating at political marches in cities across the United States and protesting at airports following the now-stalled travel ban. These protests, and the political momentum powering them, illustrate that Trump’s noxious agenda will not be enacted without a fight.

Although resistance to the current administration is vital, perhaps the most direct route into the political fray for Northwestern students and Evanston residents is in local politics. In the Trump era, local politics are more important than ever.

For NU students, city politics is often a subject of humor: from closed beloved bars to fake mayoral Twitter accounts. But local issues and policies impact students’ everyday lives. For example, the city must approve the University’s proposed construction of a new dorm on south campus (not to mention the potential Insomnia Cookies in downtown

Evanston), the city had to OK bike lanes and a reduced speed limit on Sheridan Road, and the city must determine whether it upholds its status as a “welcoming city” if faced with federal funding cuts. Presidential elections and national politics may dominate Facebook and Twitter feeds, but we shouldn’t lose sight of the significance of local politics.

Evanston’s mayoral primary lies just around the corner. This year, early voting opens in one week (Feb. 13) and Election Day is two more weeks out (Feb. 28).

Northwestern students are eligible to vote in Evanston regardless of their permanent address and can register to vote at the Lorraine H. Morton Civic Center, NU Center for Civic Engagement or online through NUVotes.org.

Just last month, the president signed an executive order pulling funding from sanctuary cities and threatening to punish those who resist efforts to deport undocumented

immigrants who live there. Evanston is effectively a sanctuary city, and the executive order may just be the harbinger of the moves Trump’s administration will make to thrust itself into local issues and infringe on localities’ rights. Outgoing Mayor Elizabeth Tisdahl responded strongly to the order, issuing a statement reaffirming the city’s position and the “rights of all our residents, including immigrants, to live their lives in our community safely and without fear.”

We applaud Mayor Tisdahl for standing up to politicians who threaten the wellbeing of Evanston residents, a part of her character also exemplified in her time spent expressing opposition to Gov. Bruce Rauner’s Turnaround Agenda, which advocates for a property tax freeze and would have made it possible for Evanston to declare bankruptcy.

We need a new Evanston mayor who will lobby state and national leaders on behalf of Evanston residents even more forcefully

than Tisdahl has. This volatile political period calls for strong local leadership, and NU students should give Evanston’s upcoming mayoral election the attention and focus it deserves.

The Daily is holding a debate Tuesday with all five candidates, and we urge our readers to follow the discussion and inform themselves about the candidates and issues that animate this election. Mayoral elections may not flood your social media channels, but they do matter. All the more so given the condition of our state and federal government.

This piece represents the majority opinion of the Editorial Board of The Daily Northwestern. The Editorial Board has an “Editorial Corps” responsible for selecting and producing editorials with feedback from the rest of the board. The views expressed in this piece do not necessarily reflect the views of all staff members or Editorial Board members of The Daily Northwestern.

Combating hate speech is not a violation of free speech ALEX SCHWARTZ

DAILY COLUMNIST

Our ability to communicate abstract ideas through language is an important part of what makes us human. But language is more than a tool to understand the world; it helps create the world, too. Language isn’t just words — it’s action.

Language allows us to create social systems, organize ourselves into groups and form political identities. Some words and phrases change their meanings gradually, almost unnoticeably. But sometimes language changes relatively quickly as we confront changing sociopolitical circumstances, rendering certain phrases unacceptable to specific groups.

For example, last week Milo Yiannopoulos, an outspoken far-right speaker and editor of Breitbart News, was forced to cancel an appearance at the University of California, Berkeley, after students protested his visit on the grounds that Yiannopoulos consistently promotes hate speech, referring

When baseless and unnecessary language is evoked as a means of subjugating minority groups, it plays into and strengthens systems of oppression that cause emotional, financial, educational and in many cases even physical distress.

Language like this is not a “diversity of opinion.” It is hate speech. If we take a stand against this language and make sure that it reaches as few people as possible, we take the first step in dismantling the bigoted institutions that create and perpetuate oppression.

This debate brings to mind a quote from J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series. Albus Dumbledore says, “Words are, in my notso-humble opinion, our most inexhaustible source of magic. Capable of both inflicting injury, and remedying it.”

As the architects of language, we should try to focus on the latter.

This particular instance is specific, but the premise can be applied to debates about free speech on college campuses across the country. Conservative students at Berkeley felt their views weren’t represented on campus and wanted to expose their liberal classmates to other political opinions. Liberal students

felt that these “differing political opinions” were hate speech and sought to discourage their presence on campus.

“Hate speech” is a tough term to crack.

Does it describe personal attacks or attacks on groups of people? What’s the line between an opinion you fervently disagree with and one that is “hateful?”

There’s a misconception that all speech is protected under the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. That’s not entirely true: threats and fighting words are two types of language that are unprotected by free speech.

In Chaplinsky vs. New Hampshire in 1941, a man was convicted of a “breach of peace” after publicly calling a police officer “a Goddamned racketeer” and “a damned Fascist.”

In this case, the words Chaplinsky used were treated as criminal verbal attacks because the police officer was able to prove that the words harmed him emotionally.

Words are inextricably linked to the social meanings they index, as they do not exist in a vacuum. Hate speech is never just “talk.”

It can normalize and perpetuate institutions of violence, hatred and intolerance. It can cause significant and legitimate emotional harm. It can alienate and demonize people.

of President Donald Trump and his administration by the full Northwestern community.”

As we enter an era where the number of people engaged in protest and demonstration is rising exponentially, I think that we should all stay cognizant of who we are within those protests. On Wednesday, Prof.

Sheldon’s ability to express his anger at the Trump administration was built on the labor of student activists. For these students, resistance is nothing new. Through years of work, they have forged strong connections with others fighting forces of oppression, including but not limited to those who fight for

the rights of Palestinians. This intersectional perspective was embedded in the DNA of the #NoMuslimBanNU demonstration. To ask Muslim students to ignore the intersectionality of their struggle is to be ignorant of what their struggle is.

As a Hindu student, much like Prof. Sheldon, I bear the privilege of getting to decide when I want to join this struggle, rather than having it forced upon me. In these times, I first and foremost seek to listen and understand the movements being built by my Muslim friends. Any other approach is fatally misguided and a disservice to those

who are suffering.

I ask Prof. Sheldon — and those who agree with him — to realize that Muslim students needed you long before the Muslim ban. Now is not the time to arrive at a demonstration, take the fruits of their labor and then attack a core aspect of their movement. As a philosophy student, I understand your critical eye, but I argue that in this case, your understanding of the demonstration you attended is superficial.

to transgender students as “deeply mentally damaged.” Conservatives and liberals alike criticized the protesters, arguing that censoring different political opinions was hypocritical given their fervent support of civil rights and free speech.

”

‘Hate speech’ is a tough term to crack. Does it describe personal attacks or attacks on groups of people? What’s the line between an opinion you fervently disagree with and one that is ‘hateful?’

Alex Schwartz is a Medill freshman. He can be contacted at alexschwartz@u.northwestern.edu. If you would like to respond publicly to this op-ed, send a Letter to the Editor to opinion@dailynorthwestern.com. The views expressed in this piece do not necessarily reflect the views of all staff members of The Daily Northwestern.

LETTER TO THE EDITOR

Response to letter by philosophy lecturer Mark Sheldon

I write in response to the recent letter in The Daily written by Prof. Mark Sheldon, entitled “The walkout’s purpose was derailed by anti-Israel sentiment.” His letter expressed dismay that the #NoMuslimBanNU demonstration included sentiments critical of Israel, which he believed prevented a “single-minded full-throated condemnation

Ajay Nadig Weinberg senior

The Daily Northwestern Volume 137, Issue 71 Editor in Chief Julia Jacobs

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TITLE IX From page 1

during the 2015-16 academic year and some cases reported the previous year, were resolved formally in 2015-16.

The respondent was found responsible in 14 formal resolution cases that were resolved during the 2015-16 academic year. Consequences included disciplinary probation, suspension, expulsion and exclusion, which means the student is barred from campus for at least two years.

The data calls into question the perception that sexual misconduct and assault “doesn’t happen here,” an attitude that Paul Ang, coordinator of men’s engagement at the Center for Awareness, Response and Education, said he has encountered in his work at NU. Weinberg senior Molly Benedict, executive director of Sexual Health and Assault Peer Educators, said that without data, rumors about the outcomes of various sexual misconduct cases can influence survivors’ trust in the process.

Peer institutions such as Duke University and Yale University released similar statistics. The Duke Office of Student Conduct received 124 reports of alleged sexual misconduct from May 2015 to May 2016, according to reports released by the university.

The Yale Title IX coordinator received 132 reports of sexual misconduct from July 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016, according to documents released by Yale’s provost.

Amanda Odasz, outreach chair of SHAPE and a member of the Campus Coalition on Sexual Violence Student Advisory Board, said she had been asking Joan

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 2017

Slavin, Northwestern’s Title IX coordinator, to release reporting data since last spring.

“That was really important because any university can say, ‘We support survivors,’” Odasz, a Communication senior, said. “But unless you have some numbers to back that up, unless you can actually show that you’ve expelled some people, I don’t know if there’s reason to believe those universities.”

The data report was supposed to come out in Summer 2016 but was delayed due to restructuring in the Title IX office, Slavin said.

Kim Richmond, director of the National Center for Campus Public Safety, said it is misguided to assume that a campus with fewer sexual misconduct reports has less sexual violence.

“In reality, there’s probably just as much sexual violence incidents happening on that campus,” she said. “They just don’t have a process in place that victims feel supported in coming forward.”

Increasing awareness Godinez struggled for months with the decision over whether to report. Grappling with feelings of doubt and worry, she said she did not think she had a case.

In addition to being unfamiliar with the specifics of NU’s consent policy, Godinez said the only detail she knew was that during the reporting process she would not have to face the other student during a hearing, a change the University implemented in 2014.

NU’s 2015 Campus Climate Survey on Sexual Misconduct demonstrated a lack of awareness of the reporting process, showing that only 36 percent of

students surveyed knew where to go to make a report.

Just 18 percent agreed or strongly agreed that they understood what happens when a student reports sexual assault or misconduct. The survey, sent to students, had an overall response rate of 15 percent.

“That was really important because any university can say, ‘We support survivors.’ But unless you have some numbers to back that up, unless you can actually show that you’ve expelled some people, I don’t know if there’s reason to believe those universities.”

— Amanda Odasz, outreach chair of Sexual Health and Assault Peer Educators

The results of the survey were released in September 2015. Three campus groups reviewed the survey results and submitted recommendations to the administration in Winter 2016, according to the Sexual Misconduct Response and Prevention website. The groups found that the data indicated low student awareness about how to make a sexual misconduct complaint as well as low awareness about the complaint resolution

process.

On Oct. 6, 2016, Slavin emailed the NU community detailing new resources and changes in the Title IX office, many of which were the direct result of the recommendations.

The email outlined a restructuring of the complaint resolution process: Beginning in Fall 2016, all sexual misconduct complaints would be handled by the Title IX office. Previously, sexual misconduct reports filed by students were handled by the Office of Student Conduct, which disciplines a wide array of student misconduct issues. Slavin said in an email to The Daily that the centralized model is aimed at increasing coordination of prevention and complaint resolution efforts and expediting the University’s response.

The restructuring is a “major” change in the complaint resolution process, Slavin said.

Slavin’s October email also included an updated resource guide and a new educational slide show about NU’s sexual misconduct policies. The definition of consent and the university’s policy on retaliation were also updated, and the university’s Sexual Misconduct website was redesigned. In addition, the Title IX office hired a deputy Title IX coordinator for students, who started in November, Slavin said.

SESP senior Anna DiStefano, co-vice president for student life for Associated Student Government, said she has heard students express confusion about the details of the process and uncertainty about the impact it could have on their lives.

A lack of knowledge concerning misconduct policy and the reporting process can be a significant deterrent to reporting misconduct or assault, said Benedict, the

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THE DAILY NORTHWESTERN | IN FOCUS 7

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 6, 2017

Graphic by Colin Lynch

SHAPE executive director. She added that it is important to remember that reporting sexual violence or misconduct is always the choice of the survivor, and that it is crucial to respect the wishes of survivors who don’t wish to report for any reason.

Odasz, the SHAPE outreach chair, said she has generally been pleased with the resources the Title IX office has released, especially the updated resource guide which includes a flow chart of the complaint resolution process.

But even if universities provide ample information about what to do in the event of a sexual assault, students may not have reason to fully absorb the process unless it is necessary, Richmond said.

“A part of the challenge is human nature,” she said.

“You can tell me what to do in the event of a sexual assault but until I’m sexually assaulted or someone I know is sexually assaulted, it’s one of the other 100 things I learned during the first week on campus.”

Currently, new students watch a production during Wildcat Welcome that focuses on consent and relationships, said Josh McKenzie, associate director for New Student and Family Programs and director of first-year experience. In 2016, Wildcat Welcome added a second seminar on consent and sexual violence that students participated in about six weeks into Fall Quarter, he said.

McKenzie said Wildcat Welcome does not specifically walk students through the reporting process, but informs students about the NUhelp app, which includes information on sexual misconduct and assists in filing a report.

Step by step Despite changes to the Title IX structure, the hearing and appeals process remains unchanged. Going forward, it will be the same as the one Godinez went through during Spring and Summer 2016.

Godinez said her second meeting with the Title IX investigator was the most trying. The investigator read over portions of the respondent’s account and gave Godinez a chance to respond to his story, she said. Though she said she understood why this step was important, Godinez found the conversation to be “traumatic.”

“I fell apart,” Godinez said. She said she had to leave, returning about 10 minutes later to complete the interview.

At any point during the Title IX reporting process, the University can implement protective measures, such as a no-contact directive or changes in academic or living arrangements.

In some cases, a third party such as a witness or mandated reporter may report misconduct to the Title IX office. In those cases, the Title IX office emails the individual who experienced alleged misconduct with information about resources and how to get in contact with a Title IX coordinator. The individual can choose whether they want to respond.

Complainants can typically choose whether they wish to pursue an informal or a formal resolution.

They can also choose to not follow through with the process. Informal resolutions do not result in sanctions or the determination of responsibility, but could result in further protective measures or an educational meeting for the accused, according to the Sexual Misconduct Report Resolution Process.

The formal resolution process, though, follows a rigid structure: Once the complainant meets with the Title IX coordinator, the respondent is alerted of accusations against them, according to documents describing the process. Both the complainant and the respondent then meet with a Title IX investigator. They have the opportunity to tell what happened, present evidence and give the investigator names of potential witnesses. The investigator then meets with the witnesses.

If appropriate, the investigator may meet with the respondent, complainant or witnesses again. In any case, both the respondent and the complainant are given equal opportunity to respond.

Based on the information presented by the complainant, the respondent and the witnesses, the

investigator compiles a report. From there, the case heads to either an administrative resolution or, in cases in which the respondent may be separated from campus, such as Godinez’s, a panel hearing process within the University Hearing and Appeals System.

Before the hearing, the complainant, the respondent and three faculty members who sit on the panel receive a copy of the investigator’s report and conclusion.

Godinez said she was extremely uncomfortable, even “embarrassed,” that the other student was given all the information she disclosed to the investigator.

“Everything that I provided to the investigator went into the report,” Godinez said. “Really personal things … I remember reading the report for the first time and realizing, ‘Oh my God, he’s reading this right now, too.’”

Slavin declined to comment on individual cases due to confidentiality, but said the inclusion of personal information is unavoidable because each party needs to be allowed an “equal opportunity” to respond to the report. Slavin added that personal medical or therapy records can be redacted at the investigator’s discretion.

Per the UHAS guidelines, hearings concerning sexual misconduct are staffed by three trained faculty members. Slavin said the panel members are trained for 12 hours, eight of which are with the Office of Student Conduct. One is with the deputy Title IX coordinator and the remaining three hours are conducted

by CARE, she said.

“... I remember reading the report for the first time and realizing, ‘Oh my God, he’s reading this right now, too.’”

— Lucy Godinez, Communication junior

Both the reporter and the respondent appear before the panel, though at separate times, according to documents detailing the process. They give an opening statement, field questions from the panel members and then give a closing statement.

Panel members then review the investigator’s report as well as the information provided during the hearings before voting on the respondent’s culpability and consequences. A letter detailing the resolution is sent simultaneously to each party, and both parties can appeal.

Godinez said that for her, the difficulty of going through the reporting process was exacerbated by the fact that it took longer than she anticipated.

Her reporting process lasted from May 9, 2016 — when she filed the report — to Sept. 20 of that year, when the respondent’s appeal was denied, according to confidential documents obtained by The Daily. This was outside of the 60 days most cases are resolved in, according to the Sexual Misconduct Complaint Resolution Process.

Slavin said though it is the goal of the Title IX office to complete the complaint resolution process in 60 days, a number of factors may cause the process to take longer, such as the number of witnesses who need to be interviewed, the availability of those involved and the complexity of the allegations.

Godinez’s panel hearing was on July 11, 2016, according to the documents.

She did not hear anything about her case until she emailed Tara Sullivan, the assistant dean of students and Title IX deputy director at the time, 10 days later to inquire about the outcome, according to emails obtained by The Daily.

Sullivan declined to comment for this story, citing privacy concerns, and deferred comment to Slavin.

Emails obtained by The Daily show that Sullivan apologized for the delay and told Godinez she could expect her outcome during the first week of August, explaining that the Title IX coordinator was out of the office until then.

Godinez emailed Sullivan again on Aug. 3, writing that the delay had taken a “serious toll” on her mental health. The next day, she received her outcome letter, according to the emails.

Godinez was informed that the panel, supporting the investigator’s findings, concluded that the respondent was responsible for violating three NU policies: sexual penetration without consent, physical abuse, and the use of alcohol, according to confidential documents obtained by The Daily. He was not found responsible for having sex with an incapacitated student, the documents said.

He was excluded.

An excluded student is barred from campus for at least two years and must reapply to the University to return. Seven students were either expelled or excluded during the 2015-16 school year, according to the Sexual Misconduct Data Report.

The case, however, was not finished. Documents show that Godinez and the respondent were given a short window of time to submit a written appeal.

Godinez was informed the respondent had submitted an appeal, which argued that the panel made procedural errors, levied an unjust punishment and that the respondent believed Godinez had consented to each sexual activity that occurred, according to documents.

Godinez said she submitted a response to his appeal.

The waiting and anticipation was the worst part of the process, she said.

“It was torturous to be told, ‘Oh it’ll come out on this day,’ and then it didn’t,” Godinez said. “I definitely hope that in the future — and maybe it was just my case — but that there is a strict timeline.”

A partner in the process Overall, Godinez said the process was “longwinded and grueling” but that she would still recommend survivors follow through with a report.

Benedict said the emotional nature of the process can repel people from reporting sexual misconduct.

She said it can be especially difficult for victims to keep up with day-to-day life while going through the process.

And LGBTQ students may face even more barriers to disclosing because they may not feel the process speaks to their experience, said Carrie Wachter, coordinator of sexual violence response services and advocacy for CARE, in an email to The Daily.

Richmond said while the nature of a sexual assault investigation is trying for everyone, other resources can help ease the emotional burden.

Godinez started seeing an adviser at CARE shortly before she reported the alleged assault, she said. During the reporting process, Godinez said her adviser’s guidance proved crucial.

“I definitely wouldn’t have been able to do it without the support system I had,” Godinez said. “I don’t think anyone can report and keep themselves safe without having a support system.”

Per the Sexual Misconduct Complaint Resolution Process, both the reporter and respondent may be accompanied by an adviser throughout the investigation. Though the adviser is not allowed to speak or participate in the process, they can offer support.

Before the changes this fall, the Dean of Students office could arrange accommodations for students going through the Title IX resolution process. Mona Dugo, senior associate dean of students, said before the consolidation of the complaint resolution process, her office could coordinate deadline extensions with professors, help with medical leave, rearrange class schedules and give students information about mental health resources. Now, the Title IX office works in conjunction with the Dean of Students office to provide these accommodations, Slavin said.

Regardless of whether a survivor wishes to report

or not, Benedict said CARE and the Women’s Center are indispensable resources. But the University discontinued counseling at the Women’s Center this winter, aiming to streamline psychological services at NU. “The Women’s Center is a great resource, but with counseling being rolled back, I think it’s really problematic,” Benedict said. “Especially because of the way the Women’s Center and CARE work together, because advocacy and counseling are not the same thing.”

The 2015 Campus Climate Survey found that 72 percent of undergraduate females said they would use the Women’s Center as a resource if they were to experience sexual misconduct, while 65 percent said they would go to CARE. Twenty-two percent indicated they would use the Title IX office.

A national conversation Godinez’s case was decided using the preponderance of the evidence standard, according to documents.

All sexual misconduct cases at NU are decided through this standard, according to the Sexual Conduct Complaint Resolution Process. It is the correct standard of evidence for Title IX cases, as specified in an influential 2011 letter from the Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights.

Based on Northwestern’s definition, a preponderance of the evidence means that more than 50 percent of information provided aligns with a finding that misconduct occurred. In court, the standard is used in civil cases, but is considered lower than a criminal trial’s standard of “beyond reasonable doubt.”

Before the OCR letter, some institutions used a “clear and convincing” standard or something similar, which the Department of Education asserts as too high. NU used the preponderance of the evidence standard “well before” the 2011 letter, Slavin said.

The preponderance of the evidence standard has sparked backlash from some universities, professors and students who say the standard of evidence is too low.

Conversations around the preponderance standard even made it into the Trump administration’s cabinet nominee hearings last month. In her hearing, Secretary of Education nominee Betsy DeVos refused to say she would uphold the preponderance of the evidence standard.

Foundation for Individual Rights in Education, an organization that advocates for various rights on colleges campuses, holds that the standard is too low.

Susan Kruth, senior program officer for legal and public advocacy at FIRE, said the organization believes using the preponderance of the evidence standard poses a serious threat to due process rights of the accused.

The Department of Education maintains that the preponderance of the evidence standard ensures equitable treatment of all parties.

From complaint to resolution Godinez was sitting in class on the first day of last Fall Quarter when she got the email containing the outcome of the appeal, she said.

The respondent’s appeal was denied, and his exclusion was upheld, according to documents.

But for months after, Godinez said she still scanned campus looking for his face.

“My first several weeks here I didn’t want to go outside,” Godinez said. “I remember the first day of classes, and I was walking past The Rock and all these classes were getting out and there was all these people and I couldn’t gauge faces. I knew he wasn’t here but I was still trying to see.”

Godinez said she still talks with her adviser at CARE and has become a vocal advocate for sexual assault survivors, posting about the issue on Facebook and speaking one-on-one with those who have had similar experiences. She said she sees rape culture as a pervasive, campus-wide problem.

“It’s rampant and it’s alive here at Northwestern,” she said. clairehansen2018@u.northwestern.edu

SPORTS

ON DECK FEB.

7

ON THE RECORD

Men’s Basketball No. 25 NU vs Illinois, 7 p.m. Tuesday

We just took some quick shots, which resulted in ... transition offense, and that’s kind of where we lost control of the game.

— Ashley Deary, guard

@DailyNU_Sports

Monday, February 6, 2017

WINLESS JOE

Coach Joe McKeown drops to 0-21 against Penn State Penn State

By MAX GELMAN

daily senior staffer @maxgelman

Penn State still has Joe McKeown’s number.

Northwestern (17-6, 6-4 Big Ten) fell to the Nittany Lions (15-8, 5-6) 74-58 at Welsh-Ryan Arena on Sunday, dropping McKeown’s career coaching record to 0-21 against Penn State. Sunday’s defeat marks McKeown’s 12th in eight-plus seasons with the Wildcats in addition to nine losses at George Washington, his prior longtime coaching gig.

“Every year is different we’ve been in the league. Our senior class has had some really great games going back-and-forth with Penn State,” McKeown said. “Tough game for us, especially with how well we’re playing, but we’ll bounce back.”

The loss complicates the Cats’ path to a double-bye in March’s conference tournament. NU now sits in a three-way tie for fourth place in the Big Ten standings with Michigan State and Purdue and just one game ahead of both Indiana and Iowa.

Although the Cats currently own headto-head tiebreakers over each squad except the Hawkeyes, who they play Feb. 16, their margin for error is infinitesimal following the loss. Six games remain on a relatively

74

Northwestern

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easy schedule, and NU could conceivably run the table. But Sunday’s loss to a young and inexperienced Penn State team shows the Cats’ vulnerability.

The first half was a back-and-forth affair, with neither team going ahead by more than 6. NU appeared to gain the upper hand after a 12-2 run late in the second quarter, but Penn State bounced back to take the lead going into halftime.

“To go down one at halftime I felt like we were up,” McKeown said. “I felt like we were up instead of down, as well as we played in the second quarter. We just gave them a couple layups late, but I thought we played really well in the first half.”

It was the third quarter that did NU in. While the Nittany Lions didn’t put together a singular, huge run that broke the Cats’ backs during the frame, NU missed 12 shots and was outscored 19-10 in the quarter.

Penn State kept the pressure on in the fourth, hitting clutch shots to prevent the Cats from making a comeback. On the day, five Nittany Lions scored at least ten

points, compared to two for NU. “We just took some quick shots, which resulted in them doing what they like to do which is transition offense, and that’s kind of where we lost control of the game,” senior guard Ashley Deary said of the second half.

Senior forward Nia Coffey did everything she could to prevent her coach from falling to Penn State for the 21st time.

Coffey registered a double-double with about six minutes remaining in the second quarter — her 12th double-double in 23 games — and finished with 28 points and 17 rebounds, both of which were game-highs.

However, after scoring 10 points in the first quarter, Coffey and the rest of the Cats went cold. NU shot just 33.9 percent from the field Sunday and was just 3-of-12 from three-point range.

With their two-game homestand wrapped up, the Cats will head on the road for their next three contests. Because NU’s matchup against Minnesota was postponed earlier this season, it will play all three games in a six-day span.

“We just have to get our game plan together and make sure that we run it,” Coffey said. “(If) we just play every game hard we’ll be fine.”

Daily file photo by Allie Goulding

maxgelman2018@u.northwestern.edu

WOMEN’S BASKETBALL

Coffey explodes for 28 points as Cats fall to Penn State

By TALIA HENDEL

the daily northwestern @taliahendel

Senior forward Nia Coffey’s prolific outing against Penn State was enough to make her stand out Sunday, but not enough to keep the Wildcats afloat in their 74-58 loss at home.

Northwestern’s (17-6, 6-4 Big Ten) leading scorer finished with 28 points and 17 rebounds — despite a 7-for-21 shooting effort — but received little help on the offensive end as the Nittany Lions (15-8, 5-6) ran away with

the decisive win.

Coffey attributed her offensive success to “just being aggressive” and working hard to draw fouls. She took advantage of various free throw opportunities, shooting 14-for-18 from the line.

Though the Cats struggled from the field early, they managed to come out of the first quarter trailing just 17-15.

Coffey contributed heavily to NU’s offensive attack, netting 8 consecutive points with four free throws and two field goals.

Her offensive effort was especially important in keeping the Cats

competitive during the first half when NU not only battled a strong performance from the Nittany Lions, but had to deal with senior guard Ashley Deary’s early foul trouble. Deary was the only other Wildcat to score in double digits, finishing the game with 12 points.

The Cats were further hindered by the absence of injured senior guard Christen Inman and a team-wide struggle to score, apparent in its 20-for59 clip from the field.

“I just feel like that’s been the mantra for the year,” Deary said. “Whenever somebody’s having an off night, other people step up.”

Though Coffey was silenced from the field in the second quarter, she managed to sink 3-of-6 free throws and kept her team alive with aggressive rebounding, entering halftime responsible for over half of the Cats’ rebounds.

After the break, NU’s offensive issues continued, but Coffey managed 6 of the team’s 12 third quarter points, hitting two layups and two free throws.

Coffey and the rest of the Cats found a better offensive rhythm in the final period, scoring 18 points, with the senior responsible for half of them.

Even though she couldn’t lift her team to a victory, Coffey’s big day bodes

well for an NU team that will need her leadership going forward. Coffey hadn’t surpassed 20 points since Jan. 7 and appears to be finding her rhythm just in time, with the Big Ten Tournament less than a month away.

“I thought (Coffey) came out ready to play, as far as taking on the different defensive schemes that (Penn State) had,” coach Joe McKeown said. “She was really aggressive. … That’s who she is. We’ve got to do a better job of playing off her at times too, but she played really hard today. I’m really proud.” taliahendel2020@u.northwestern.edu

LACROSSE

NU avenges loss to Notre Dame in rematch of season finale No. 8 Notre Dame

By DAN WALDMAN

daily senior staffer @dan_waldman

Daily file photo by Keshia Johnson

Christina Esposito runs with the ball. The senior attacker had her second hat trick of the season in Sunday’s win.

For Northwestern, it was sweet revenge as the visiting Wildcats edged out Notre Dame in a rematch of last year’s season finale.

No. 9 NU (2-0) downed the No. 8 Fighting Irish (0-1) on Sunday, holding on to a 14-13 lead with just a minute left in the game to emerge with the statement victory. Last season, Notre Dame bounced the Cats from the NCAA Tournament in a 15-3 rout. But this time around, NU made sure to write the script.

NU fell behind early, conceding a goal just three minutes into the game. But the Cats quickly knotted the score after junior midfielder Sheila Nesselbush netted her first goal of the season. The Midwest rivals traded another pair of goals shortly after, with the game seemingly headed toward a back-and-forth shootout. But NU’s offense had other plans, scoring 6 unanswered goals to extend its lead to 8-2.

Senior Christina Esposito said the team’s hot start stemmed from the emotions that accompanied last year’s seasonending loss.

“Me being a fifth year, I thought about my grade, how it ended our season, all of

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No. 9 Northwestern

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us being in the locker room at the end of that game last year,” Esposito said. “We just brought that with us, and there was a lot of emotion towards this game.”

But the Cats were unable to cruise to a victory. The Fighting Irish went on a 7-1 run, tying the game at 9 goals apiece under two minutes before halftime.

NU wasn’t in the mood to settle.

Esposito took matters into her own hands. The veteran faked a shot from the free position, only to eventually wrap around the goal and rip a score from the wing, giving NU a 10-9 lead heading into the break.

“That goal was really important; it was a momentum changer and gave our team a little extra boost of confidence,” Esposito said. “Notre Dame was on a bit of a run towards the end of the first half so that goal definitely brought the momentum back into our hands.”

In the second half, Esposito struck first, securing her second hat trick in two games. Freshman midfielder Megan Kinna followed suit shortly after, locking

up the first hat trick of her young NU career. Then with a 12-9 lead in hand, the Cats turned to junior attacker Selena Lasota who, after a series of ball flips, whipped in a backhanded shot to score her fourth goal of the game.

The Fighting Irish made a final push, cutting the deficit to 2 before attacker Grace Muller converted on a free-position shot to make the score 14-13 with 1:04 left.

The Cats’ defense held, securing the upset for NU. Lasota said the final draw control was critical for the team and preserved the victory.

“In the preseason we focused a lot on controlling the draw,” Lasota said. “I was actually on the draw, and it was fun for me to have the focus to be able to get the ball and then we stalled it at the end.”

After starting last season with a series of losses to ranked teams like Virginia, Syracuse and Louisville, the Cats’ win over Notre Dame sets a different tone for a team eyeing a return to glory.

“Having the losses that we had last year, this game we kind of focused in on,” coach Kelly Amonte Hiller said. “Coming out with every win we can, we don’t want to let any opportunities through our fingers.” danwaldman@u.northwestern.edu