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Adults ASI memo stirs controversy spend instead of save Dissatisfaction over allocation of funds sparks disagreements By ISAAC FABELA Daily Titan Staff
Twenty-somethings use money for leisure, not future security By LAURA BEYER Daily Titan Staff
As students dance around the tiny dance floors at clubs and drink their paychecks away at bars, it might be safe to say that they are thinking more about tipping the bartender than saving and investing in their futures. “Sometimes I like going to a bar on the weekend because I can have a drink and relax and sometimes I like to go to a club because I can have a drink and people-watch or dance,” Brian Parks, a 23-year-old from Anaheim, said. “I spend on average $30 to $75 per weekend.” For those who prefer the club or bar scene, most of their money goes to club entrance and drinks. “It costs like $10 and up for the entrance fee for the clubs that are popular and then the drinks can be $4 and up,” Gina Stevens, 26, of Costa Mesa, said. Stevens said she spends an average of $40 to $60 in a weekend. Many students and young adults enjoy the good times of their youth but donʼt think about investing money for retirement. With the future of Social Security uncertain, more young people are urged to invest their money for retirement. “I hear my dad talking about investing all the time, but itʼs just hard to put the money away,” said Mark Fedorow, 25, of Newport Beach. According to a financial adviser for Merrill Lynch, one of the worldʼs leading financial firms, a 25-yearold putting $8.20 per day or $3,000 per year into a Roth IRA could have $1,159,560 by the time they are 65 years old. Another plus is that this money can be withdrawn tax-free at the time of retirement. The average drink at local clubs and bars ranges between $4 and $8. Added to the $10 to $20 entrance fee, the cost of entertainment can add up pretty fast. If the money is put toward investment instead, it could turn into a good amount of money for the future. Some life insurance policies also allow people to earn money as well as having the benefit of life insurance. “Whole life insurance gives the advantage of having insurance as well as giving the benefit of having a cash value, almost like a savings,” said Andrea Cesena, a financial and insurance agent for New York Life Insurance Company. Young people donʼt necessarily need to look to life insurance for investment. However, it can make life for others a lot easier. “Life insurance for young people is not the best decision for pure investment,” Cesena said. “But if a student has a lot of loans it can take the pressure off family who might have to inherit their debt and can also pay for all funeral expenses.”
SHANNON ANCHALEECHAMAIKORN/Daily Titan
Walter Ruigu and David Kilgo, both on the ASI Board of Directors and members of the Ambassadors Club, speak at Tuesday’s ASI meeting about their recent trip to Chicago where both were participants at an American Model United Nations Conference. ASI funded the trip.
Associated Students Inc. President Philip Vasquez recently criticized the ASI Board of Directors for allocating funds to the Ambassadors Club for an American Model United Nations conference in Chicago during Thanksgiving break. The decision to fund the trip caused concern for some of the executive staff because two members of the board, David Kilgo and Walter Ruigu, are participants in the Ambassadors Club, which also includes Daily Titan Executive Editor Marti Longworth. Vasquez said members of the board unethically used their connections in ASI to obtain funding for a trip that he didnʼt feel was necessary. In a public memo sent on Nov.
18, Vasquez expressed his disapVasquez said there would be no proval of the act, stating that the apology and stands by his statement. boardʼs decision at the Nov. 16 ASI Kilgo said he feels that Vasquez meeting violated his professional may have grossly underestimated ethics. Vasquez was unable to attend the impact of his accusations. “Blanket condemnation of the because he was at a California State University Board of Trustees meet- board is unacceptable,” Kilgo said. “I believe Philʼs ing. accusation of “ASI elevates you unethical behavto a more advanced This is a public document that level of opportunity ior and misapwill haunt us, that is to be recogpropriation of which is why I nized, but not violatfunds is a very, will not go ed and dissected to very serious quietly on this. the point of misapallegation.” propriate allocations Kilgo also David Kilgo of funding,” Vasquez questioned ASI board member wrote. “A violation of Vasquezʼs conthis value and belief is viction. clearly demonstrated “If he truly to me in the action of feels the board the ASI Board of Directors, which I acted unprofessionally and unethicannot professionally or personally cally, he is duty bound by his posisupport.” tion as president to veto the action,” Kilgo responded to the memo, Kilgo said. saying Vasquezʼs accusations were Vasquez stated in the memo that “patently unfair and inaccurate,” even though he disagrees with the and demanded Vasquez issue a forASI 3 mal written apology.
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Bush’s homeland security secretary resigns Tom Ridge says United States is safer than before terrorist attacks The Associated Press
WASHINGTON — Homeland Security Secretary Tom Ridge, whose name became synonymous with color-coded terror alerts and tutorials about how to prepare for possible attack, resigned Tuesday, saying he was confident the United States is significantly safer than
before the 2001 terrorist strikes. Ridge, who has warned that the country may face increased terror risks around the holidays and the Jan. 20 presidential inauguration, said he will remain on the job through Feb. 1. He submitted his resignation to President Bush on Tuesday morning after attending a daily threat briefing with CIA and FBI officials. As the nationʼs first chief of the new Department of Homeland Security, Ridge presided over a collection of 22 disparate federal agencies and 180,000 employees. He
Study shows religion relates to self-worth
acknowledged he could not prove the enormously expensive and complex security measures put in place since 2001 have foiled any terrorist attacks inside the United States but said he was certain America was safer. “I am confident that the terrorists are aware that from the curb to the cockpit weʼve got additional security measures that didnʼt exist a couple years ago, that from port to port we do things differently with maritime security,” Ridge said. “I am confident they know the borders
are more secure. I am confident they know we have developed and are sharing information with state and local law enforcement.” Ridge said terrorists know that because of the changes, “America is a different place to work and operate in.” Among those mentioned as possible candidates for Ridgeʼs replacement are Bernard Kerik, interim Minister of the Interior for Iraq and former New York City police commissioner, former Federal Emergency Management Agency Director Joe
Allbaugh, Environmental Protection Agency Administrator Mike Leavitt and White House homeland security adviser Fran Townsend. Others are also believed to be interested in the job, including Asa Hutchinson, undersecretary for border and transportation security in the Homeland Security Department. At a news conference, Ridge defended the departmentʼs efforts to warn the public of possible terror threats, saying it preferred to disRIDGE 3
Mind your own beeswax
UCLA finds spiritual students have lower distress, less anxiety
percent of students who were not religious had high levels of extreme psychological distress while only 20 percent of highly-religious students have the same type of distress. Results show that some students By KYLE McCORY Daily Titan Staff regularly attend church groups because the support they gain from A recent study by UCLAʼs Higher other students makes it easier for Education Research Institute has them to cope with their problems. found college students with high According to the study, students levels of religious involvement tend who do not attend religious serto have higher self vices, compared to esteem, consume those who attend less alcohol and frequently, are If [God] created are less likely to more than twice the entire become depressed as likely to report universe then he compared to those feeling depressed. can surely get who are not reliAlso, oneʼs me through my gious. sense of spiritualterm papers and The research ity, believing in final exams. studied 3,680 spiritual beings Celeste Lonson third-year stuand the sacredCSUF senior dents at 46 colness of life, is also psychology major leges across the correlated with nation and found better self-esteem those with a strong and sense of selfsense of spiritualworth, the study ity reported better emotional and shows. mental health. Benjamin Hubbard, a comparaThe study also showed that tive religions professor at Cal State undergraduates tend to become Fullerton, said he believes in the more depressed during their col- importance of spirituality. lege years due to high stress, lack of “I think all human beings should exercise and increased alcohol con- cultivate a spiritual life, whether sumption. As juniors, 77 percent of they are formally religious or not, college students reported feeling even if they are atheists,” Hubbard frequently depressed compared to said. “Cultivating spirituality 61 percent of freshman students, involves being aware of the wonaccording to the study. FAITH 3 The study also reported that 34
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DAVID PARDO/Daily Titan
Joseph Fellerman, a Cal State Fullerton biology major, walks around campus on a hunt for bees on Tuesday. If his search is successful, he will use the captured insects for observational purposes.
CSUF develops online source to assist students facing problems
New University Blues Web site offers help to Titans needing support By LINDA HO Daily Titan Staff
Students have many places to turn to when they are in need of assistance. The Womenʼs Center, the Counseling and Psychological Services and the Health Center
are just a few of the on-campus resources that are readily available to students who encounter difficulties and who need help dealing with their problems. Whether a student just needs someone to talk to, or needs counseling or health care, such resources can be vital in order for a student to function better in college. Stress, depression, eating disorders and personal relationships are a few of the topics detailed on the University Blues - “Whatʼs got
you blue?” -Web site. The recently developed www. universityblues.org, which was funded by an on-campus retention grant, was created to help students with anxiety-related issues and to help them stay in school, said Barbara McDowell, the director of the Womenʼs Center. The projectʼs goal is to address emotional needs that might occur BLUES 3
NEWS
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Toys That Kill will be bringing its musical stylings to the Becker Amphitheater today at noon. Itʼs hard to beat live entertainment, especially when itʼs free. The event is sponsored by ASI Productions. For more information, call (714) 278-3502.
Ukraine opposition breaks off talks
“Designing Low Literacy, Culturally Tailored Heath Interventions: The ʻLife is Preciousʼ Hmong Breast Study,” will be presented today by Sora Tanjasiri of Kinesiology and Health Science. The presentation is sponsored by the Asian American Studies Program and will take place at 4 p.m. in Room 412 of the Humanities Building. For more information, call (714) 2782013.
KIEV, Ukraine — Ukraineʼs shivering but determined political opposition dug in its heels in Kievʼs frigid central square Tuesday, rejecting an offer of the prime ministerʼs job from the declared winner of disputed presidential election and withdrawing from talks aimed at reaching a compromise. The election dispute sparked a struggle at Ukraineʼs parliament, with throngs of opposition supporters trying to storm inside after lawmakers tentatively approved a resolution that would cancel Saturdayʼs nonbinding decision to declare the election results invalid. Protesters — some crawling on each otherʼs shoulders — got as far as the lobby before police pushed them back.
Allawi to promote Iraq election in Jordan BAGHDAD, Iraq — Iraqʼs interim prime minister went to Jordan on Tuesday for meetings with tribal figures and other influential Iraqis in a bid to encourage Sunni Muslims to participate in the Jan. 30 elections, but he ruled out contacts with insurgent leaders and former members of Saddam Husseinʼs deposed regime. Insurgents targeted U.S. troops Tuesday in Baghdad and in and around Beiji, a city north of the capital, killing four Iraqi civilians and wounding at least 20 other people, including three U.S. soldiers. Three Iraqi children aged 3, 4 and 5 were killed when two mortar rounds struck their neighborhood in Baqouba, the U.S. military said.
Titan wrestling will face off against Fresno State tonight at 7 p.m. in the Titan Gym. For more information, call (714) 278-CSUF. Primere Trio, featuring violinist Earnest Salem, cellist Bongshin Ko and pianist Eduardo Delgado, will be performing tonight at 8 p.m. in the Performing Arts Centerʼs Little Theatre. For more information, call (714) 278-3371.
Bush defends Iraq decisions in Canada OTTAWA — President Bush tried on Tuesday to repair U.S.-Canada relations strained by years of bickering over trade and Iraq, although he stood by policies that have irritated Canadians. He did promise Prime Minister Paul Martin to work toward easing a U.S. ban on Canadian beef.
State Laci Peterson’s mother takes the stand REDWOOD CITY — Laci Petersonʼs mother took the stand Tuesday in the penalty phase of Scott Petersonʼs murder trial, rising out of her seat and screaming at her former son-in-law: “She wanted to be a mother. That was taken away from her.” Her voice cracking, Sharon Rocha spoke directly to Peterson, who was convicted Nov. 12 of murdering his wife and the eightmonth-old fetus she was carrying.
Local Lucas donates $100,000 to CSULB LONG BEACH — “Star Wars” creator George Lucas donated $100,000 to California State Long Beach, for film department scholarships and equipment. Lucas donated the money at the request of the Department of Film and Electronic Arts. Although Lucas attended the University of Southern California, his close friend director Steven Spielberg went to Cal State Long Beach. The university needed the money to fix or repair equipment damaged by an October storm. A satellite dish on the departmentʼs building fell through the roof during the storm, allowing water to seep into the building. The department may not have been able to restore damaged cameras, projectors and videotape machines without the Lucas donation, department chair Craig Smith said. The universityʼs two-year undergraduate film program is popular among aspiring filmmakers. John Dykstra, a alumnus, won an academy award for visual effects for “Star Wars.” Reports compiled from The Associated Press
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The Daily Titan is a student publication, printed every Monday through Thursday. The Daily Titan operates independently of Associated Students, College of Communications, CSUF administration and the CSUF System. The Daily Titan has functioned as a public forum since inception. Unless implied by the advertising party or otherwise stated, advertising in the Daily Titan is inserted by commercial activities or ventures identified in the advertisements themselves and not by the university. Such printing is not to be construed as written or implied sponsorship, endorsement or investigation of such commercial enterprises. The Daily Titan allocates one issue to each student for free. Copyright ©2004 Daily Titan
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<Insert your caption here> The Daily Titan invites you to participate in a creative writing contest. Write a caption and title for the above photo and submit them to photo@dailytitan.com by Friday, Dec. 3. Put “Caption Contest” in the e-mail subject line, and include your full name and major. Look for more photos to caption throughout the week. Winners’ names and captions will be published in next Monday’s issue.
Events
IN HISTORY
Nov. 29
1775 Sir James Jay invents invisible ink. 1877 Thomas Edison demonstrates hand-cranked phonograph. 1944 John Hopkins Hospital performs first open-heart surgery. 1949 Nationalist regime of China leaves for Taiwan/Formosa. 1961 Freedom Riders attacked by white mob at bus station in Mississippi. 1963 LBJ sets up Warren Commission to investigate assassination of JFK. 1994 Seoul, Korea, celebrates the 600th anniversary of its founding.
Nov. 30
1924 The first photo facsimile is transmitted across the Atlantic by radio (London-NYC). 1940 Actress Lucille Ball weds
Desi Arnaz. 1948 Baseballʼs Negro National League disbands. 1967 Julie Nixon and David Eisenhower announce their engagement. 1981 Porn star John Holmes arrested on fugitive charges. 1993 President Clinton signs Brady Gun Control Bill.
Dec. 1
1959 Twelve nations sign treaty for scientific peaceful use of Antarctica. 1976 Sex Pistols use profanity on TV, branded as “rotten punks.” 1978 President Jimmy Carter more than doubles national park system size. 1982 Michael Jackson releases “Thriller.” 1989 East Germany drops communist monopoly from its constitution, opening door for capitalism. 1992 Amy Fisher sentenced five to 15 years for shooting Mary Jo Buttafuoco. 1994 Ernesto Zedillo inaugurated
as president of Mexico.
Dec. 2
1804 Napoleon Bonaparte crowned emperor of France in Paris by Pope Pius VII. 1816 The first savings bank in United States opens (Philadelphia Savings Fund Society). 1887 Charles Dickensʼ first public reading in United States (NYC). 1901 Gillette patents first disposable razor. 1964 Ringo Starrʼs tonsils are removed. 1970 Environmental Protection Agency begins under Director William Ruckelshaus. 1994 Jury finds Heidi Fleiss guilty of running a call-girl ring.
Dec. 3
1910 Neon lights are first publicly seen at the Paris Auto Show. 1967 The first human heart transplant performed (Dr. Christian Barnard, S Africa). 1964 “Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer” first airs on TV. 1969 John Lennon is offered role of Jesus Christ in Jesus Christ Superstar. 1971 President Nixon commutes Jimmy Hoffaʼs jail term. 1991 Hulk Hogan defeats Undertaker to become a four-time WWF champion. 1992 U.N. Security Council votes unanimously for U.S.-led forces to enter Somalia.
The Diverse Instrument Ensemble will be performing tonight at 8 p.m. under the direction of Lloyd Rodgers. The performance will take place in the Performing Arts Centerʼs Minor Hall. For more information, call (714) 278-3371. Today is Multicultural Greek Day. Show your support for one of the many and varied cultural and ethnic groups on campus. For more information, call (714) 278-2144. A “Blueprints Workshop” will be held today in the Titan Student Union at 5:30 p.m. Students will learn about organizing clubs, posting fliers and other tips for campus organizations. For more information, call (714) 278-5864. All events are free and on campus unless otherwise indicated. If you would like to have a specific entry put in the calendar section, please send an e-mail to news@dailytitan.com.
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Wednesday, Dec. 1 Sunny Low 39°
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Thursday, Dec. 2 Mostly Sunny Low 41°
65°
Friday, Dec. 3 Mostly Sunny Low 38°
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NEWS
Daily Titan
ASI
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board, he would not veto the act because the Ambassadors Club is a recognized club on campus and is entitled to seek funding. “If I had vetoed their proposal that was completely legitimate, according to ASI policy, I would be discriminating against them. Thatʼs why I didnʼt veto it,” Vasquez said. “I just thought that they would be a little more sensitive about allocating money to their motivations.” Kilgo disagreed with Vasquez, stating that it wasnʼt a question of ethics because neither he nor Ruigu hid their affiliation with the Ambassadors Club and were upfront about their involvement from the beginning. Additionally, Kilgo and Ruigu
BLUES
Wednesday, December 1, 2004 3
news@dailytitan.com • (714) 278-4415
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when immediate face-to-face help is not available, she said. For example, a problem can occur in the middle of the night and so students may search the site to help them find immediate answers to their questions, McDowell said. “Weʼre providing basic information about the topics that concern students,” Susan Leavy said, a licensed counselor and the Womenʼs Center community educator for the prevention of crimes against women. McDowell said the Womenʼs Center, which specializes in sexual assault and gender issues, works collaboratively with other departments and organizations on campus, including the Human Services Program, in order to cater to the specific needs of students in crisis. “We work with each other,” Leavy said, adding that the collaborative effort involves scouring all of their resources to find the best links that could be helpful and educational to students. The site provides links to credible online sources that allow in-depth research on symptoms, causes and preventive steps regarding a variety
Ensemble jazzes up Little Theatre
abstained from the vote to allocate funding. Despite Vasquezʼs reasoning for his statement, Kilgo said he has no intention of letting the issue die. “He has accused the members of this board of acts that could bar the current members of this board from ever sitting on another board of directors again,” Kilgo said. “This is a public document that will haunt us, which is why I will not go quietly on this.” Ruigu agrees with Kilgo and said he is disappointed that the issue could not be resolved with an apology. “This memo has done a lot of damage and I am deeply saddened that the president did not retract his message,” Ruigu said. “Now we have to contemplate what measures weʼre going to take next.”
ASI Vice President Mona Mohammadi, ASI President Philip Vasquez and ASI Board Member Patty Azimi take part in the weekly Board of Directors meeting in the Titan Student Union on Tuesday afternoon. Money and funding issues were discussed.
of issues. The site also features a “counseling corner,” where students can e-mail their questions to an experienced therapist. Students who are often hesitant to approach someone for help will now have a place to go that is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, Leavy said. Athena Taylor, a Womenʼs Center intern and senior human services major, agreed. “I think itʼll give students an outlet for their issues,” Taylor said. “They can stay anonymous and have easier access.” Leavy said she believes that anxiety is the most prevalent issue for college students and that students often create coping mechanisms that are unhealthy, such as drug or alcohol abuse or irregular eating patterns. “Students have too much going on,” Leavy said. “They have a hectic, stress-induced life.” Increased college costs may cause anxiety for students who are already struggling to pay for their education, she said. “Students have other responsibilities, such as a part-time job,” Leavy said. She also emphasized the day doesnʼt just end with school
for most students. “The amount of responsibilities outweighs the amount of energy that they have and this can sometimes immobilize them,” Leavy said. Personal and family relationships can also be a cause for extra stress, she added. “One of the primary goals of the project is to help [students] have healthier relationships,” McDowell said. Learning how to make healthy changes in oneʼs personal life is just as important as what a person learns in the classroom, she said. Leavy offered many tips on how students can better cope with their stress or anxieties. “Time management is very important,” she said. Students should stay current on the things they need to do by prioritizing their tasks and keeping their lives in manageable chunks, she said. “Adopt healthy coping mechanisms such as exercise or volunteering,” Leavy said. She also suggested students connect with their college in some way, such as getting to know their professors. “Get busy with something fun and not just with things that seem like a drudgery,” she said.
Student musicians welcome professionals for campus concert By VIRGINIA TERZIAN Daily Titan Staff
SHANNON ANCHALEECHAMAIKORN/Daily Titan
FAITH
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ders of existence — the human body, the cosmos, natural beauty, music and poetry.” It was also found, however, that students with a high sense of spirituality are prone to experiencing spiritual distress such as wondering if they are doing whatʼs right, questioning religious beliefs and feeling angry with God, according to the study. Results also concluded that 74 percent of religious students abstain from drinking alcohol while only 46 percent of non-religious students abstain from drinking. Some students at CSUF said they have benefited from their religious beliefs while going through stressful times during school. “No matter how stressed out or overwhelmed I am with my workload, I just remember that everything is possible with Christʼs help,” Celeste Lonson, a senior psychology major, said. Lonson believes her faith will help her in the coming weeks. “If he created the entire universe then he can surely get me through my term papers and final exams,” she added. Another student said believing in God has helped him lower stress levels. “My religion has helped me to realize everything happens for a reason so I donʼt get too stressed out about stuff,” said Andrew Mack-Vanderham, a junior history major. Other students who are not religious have other ways to cope with tough times in their lives. “When I get depressed I turn to my friends,” said Matt, a senior criminal justice major who did not give his last name. “A god that no one sees or gets a reply from isnʼt going to help me.” Even if students arenʼt religious, Hubbard suggests taking time to reflect and appreciate life. “It would benefit students immensely to take time to reflect daily for a few minutes on the gifts of existence, for example, by sitting quietly in a lovely spot such as the Arboretum,” Hubbard said. “Of course, many religions suggest doing similar practices, but any person can benefit from nurturing the spirit or inner life that we all possess.”
Tim Gill, a student composer and trumpet player in the Cal State Fullerton Jazz Ensemble, will premiere his piece “Ambidextrosity” on Thursday, during the Jazz I concert sponsored by the CSUF Music Department. “Ambidextrosity” is a bebop style score with what Gill calls a very intricate and complex bass line. “I actually started writing it about a month ago and only finished it up last week,” Gill said. The Jazz Ensemble I will perform the piece in their second concert at CSUF. Director Chuck Tumlinson said he is looking forward to the performance in part because it features both the musical and compositional talents of CSUF students. The ensemble itself has several returning members from last year, with only four new members this year. “The group did very well last year so we really got to just pick up where we left off,” Tumlinson said. Tumlinson added, “This concert is also very differvent from our last one here in that we will perform more modern numbers and, of course, the addition of these two guest performers.” Those guest performers are New York artists Dave Scott on trumpet and Rich Perry on tenor saxophone, giving both the audience and performers a chance to hear professionals at work. Ryan Poyar, a jazz studies major and pianist for Jazz Ensemble I, described the concert as “an oppor-
RIDGE
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close more information than some officials believed was wise. “Thatʼs something we take pride in,” Ridge said. “America is prepared to deal with the reality of the post-9/11 world. Itʼs in our best longterm interest to share more information about the threat to America rather than less.” Ridge, 59, who is married with two children, said that for the future he intends to “raise some family and personal matters to a higher priority,” including attending his sonʼs rugby games. In an e-mail circulated to Homeland Security officials, Ridge praised the department as “an extraordinary organization that each day contributes to keeping America safe and free.” In October 2001, Ridge became the nationʼs first White House homeland security adviser, leading a massive undertaking to rethink all aspects of security within the U.S. borders in the wake of the terror
tunity for people to see some young musicians and two high-level guest performers at once.” A Los Angeles native, Scott is an award-winning trumpet player with a wide range of professional experience and has performed with such wellknown performers in the jazz world as Tom Harrell, Kim Richmond and Clay Jekins. Currently he has been composing and performing with his own jazz quintet. Perry is a soloist with New Yorkʼs Acclaimed Vanguard Jazz Orchestra and Maria Schneider Jazz Orchestra. The concert will include a firsttime performance at CSUF by the Esperanza High School Jazz Ensemble I under the direction of Wayne Nelson. “Esperanza has a very developed jazz program,” Tumlinson said. “This is the first time we will have performed with the high school.” The music for the evening will also include such well-known pieces as “Groovinʼ Hard” by Don Menza and “O Come, O Come Emmanuel” arranged by Tumlinson. Dan Crain, a second-year graduate student and saxophone player in the jazz ensemble, said the concert is a chance to experience what jazz truly is. “You wonʼt get a better chance to see what jazz is today than to hear these players,” Tumlinson said. Nick Schaadt, a bass player, said the concert will be a lot of fun. “Everyone should come to the concert,” Schaadt said. “Bring your friends.” The concert will begin at 8 p.m. in the Little Theatre at CSUF. The jazz ensembleʼs next performance will be at the International Association of Jazz Educators Conference, held in Long Beach this year. “Itʼs the biggest jazz festival in the world,” Tumlinson said. attacks of September 2001. Congress subsequently passed legislation establishing the Homeland Security Department. Ridge became the departmentʼs first secretary in January 2003. He has presided over six national “orange alerts” when the government boosted security out of concern that an attack may be coming. An attack in the United States never happened on his watch. Ridge has said, however, that he believes an assault by the al-Qaida terrorist network was averted last summer during the Fourth of July holiday period, when intelligence reports indicated terrorists might be targeting international flights to attack the United States. Passenger manifests were scrutinized and flights were canceled. Yet Ridge, a politician by nature, fought criticism leading up to the election from those who said he was using terror warnings to boost support for Bush. Ridge repeatedly said: “We donʼt do politics in the Department of Homeland Security.”