Thesis Book Process by Damian Roman

Master of Architecture

THE GREEN FITNESS CENTER Thesis Documentation Damian Roman 2020 In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture

Michael J. Crosbie, Ph.D., FAIA Thesis Advisor

Hisham Alnajjar Dean College of Engineering, Technology, and Architecture Department of Architecture University of Hartford June 1, 2020

This document contains a body of work submitted to the

UNIVERSITY OF HARTFORD (CETA) in partial fulfillment of a

MASTER IN ARCHITECTURE

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! PROLOGUE

T     S         The thesis is presented in the context of a final project in Downtown New Haven, CT. Final documentation of the project makes the position of the architectural implications clear and is followed by supporting explorations. These explorations clarified initial questions addressed in the thesis which led to another series of architectural investigations. These investigations tested ideas at specific conditions and scales, eventually leading to the project, The Green Fitness Center. The resolution of the thesis is contained within a set of new inquiries that will allow the work live beyond this book.

D I The design intent behind this thesis is to explore how can architecture design use movement, transparency and curiosity as agents of motivation; to create a catalyst that encourage society to live an active and healthier lifestyle.

P How can architecture be an agent of motivation, a catalyst to encourage wellness?

we see in architecture around the world. We use our minds and bodies to dream, design, and train to create something new by using different forms of movement.

This research paper seeks to explore how architecture design can be used to offer a unique experience to help build motivation towards a healthier lifestyle. The purpose of

Transparency is the quality or state of being transparent.2 According to the architectural

the proposed building is to motivate the public to break away from sedentary lifestyles

terms found in Rowe and Slutzky’s seminal essay in 1982 on Transparency3, there are

and adopt more active habits. The goal is to use architecture design aspects as tools

two types: perceptual and conceptual transparency. Literal transparency, also known

to aid the users to follow a healthier lifestyle through exercise involving different forms

as perceptual transparency, refers to transparency created by a substance, entity or

of physical activity. The concept is for architecture to play the role as a catalyst to

matter, such as, glazing, metal mesh screens, etc. This method targets the viewer’s sight

encourage a healthier and more active lifestyle. It is important to think of unique ways

directly by placing transparent matter between two spaces. Conceptual transparency

to motivate users to join the fitness community and have them build roots within it.

or phenomenal transparency is a visual effect that engages the mind by using spatial organization. This method activates the viewer’s mind to create visual illusions of spatial

Repetition can often cause people to lose focus of their goals and their motivation can

interpretation by manipulating volumetric organization.

drop drastically. It is extremely important to create an environment that pushes people to strive to meet their goals. Generating different programs and transparent activities

Curiosity is defined as a strong desire to know or learn something.4 It is the nature of

within the space will create an environment to push motivation to flourish and also

most if not all living organisms to be curious of ourselves, others, and our surroundings.

spread it to other people.

Psychologists and neuroscientists still work to understand the idea of curiosity in humans as it has driven us to create everything we have. Curiosity is an essential human trait;

The study will focus on breaking down three important aspects that i believe are

it is such a basic element of our nature that we are nearly oblivious to its pervasiveness

key motivational elements to promote the idea of transforming architecture into a

in our lives.5 As much as we have advanced in our understanding of the world and

motivational agent to encourage wellness. These aspects are: nature of movement,

everything in it there is also something unknown to us. Motivation can be defined as that

transparency, and curiosity.

drive to learn, master, and conquer the unknown whether it be on how far we can push ourselves or to mastering techniques, knowledge, etc. What makes us curious and the

Movement is defined as the act, process, or result of moving. This act, process or result includes a change of place, position or posture.

drive we have to satisfy that curiosity is what makes us both unique and unstoppable.

The human body is a magnificent

and complex piece of engineering that is geared toward movement. The bones and

The task is to design a fitness center that will converge the three motivational aspects

muscles within our bodies work as one to give us the mobility and freedom we at times

mentioned above in order to stimulate and motivate people to engage in exercise,

take for granted. Throughout the years humans have proven that through hard work

physical activity, healthier lifestyles and wellness.

and determination we can shape and train our bodies to perform incredible feats.

engagement by using transparency to trigger curiosity, which will entice movement

Everyday we witness these feats, not only those done by athletes, but also in the work

and therefore motivate people to step into a more active and healthier lifestyle.

The design will provide community

C Less than four centuries ago the area of New Haven was home to the small Native

In 1718 a small Puritan college was relocated to New Haven from Old Saybrook,

American tribe called the Quinnipiacs. They settled in and around the area of New

Connecticut. A gentleman, who made his fortune as a president of the British East India

Haven because the waterfront served as both hunting ground but also as fertile farming

Company, called Elihu Yale, donated a large sum of money to this Puritan college.

land. Fish became a main source of food for the tribe but they were also able to grow

Due to the large sum, the Collegiate College changed their name to what is now the

crops such as maize which was another main source of daily diet.

famous Yale University.7 Yale became a world-renowned university and became a major economic factor to the city. It gave an opportunity to the city of New Haven to

On April 24, 1638, a group of 500 English Puritans led by Reverend John Davenport and

prosper by attracting students from all over the globe. The University of Yale provided

Theophilus Eaton sailed into the New Haven harbor. During this time the Quinnipiac

a city life environment to New Haven, especially to the downtown area where the

tribe was being attacked and raided by the Pequots and Mohawks tribes. A deal was

college was originally located.

struck between the Puritans and Momaguin, the sachem of the Quinnipiac tribe, to sell their land in exchange of protection. The tribe was given the land on the east side of

In 1954 a large sum of $300 million was invested in the public and private districts of

the harbor while the Puritans settled on the west bank. Two years later in 1640 that area

downtown New Haven during Mayor Richard Lee’s administration. The re-construction

was renamed New Haven.

of downtown New Haven in 1965 included the office tower facing Chapel Street, a new shopping mall including Macy’s and Edward Malley’s department stores, and

New Haven founders were not only looking to create a Christian Utopia, but they also

even a 300 room hotel. Despite Lee’s efforts, New Haven’s population continued to

wanted to establish a commercial empire that could control the Long Island sound.

decline. Downtown New Haven experienced the closings of Macy’s, Edward Malley’s,

The town’s harbor would play as the main focus point to build that Utopia. The town

the hotel and many long-time businesses.

plan was based on a grid of nine squares, which was traditional to the Old English city planning. The central square, now known as New Haven Green, was designated as

However, revitalization of many areas of the city continued after Lee left office in 1969.

the public common space. By 1641 the town of New Haven had a population of 800

Wooster Square, which in the 1950’s was a slum, is now home to new commercial and

habitants.

industrial buildings and an established historic district. In 1994 The Audubon Arts Center Complex was completed. The Science Park, East Shore community, the harbor-front,

Unfortunately the town could not sustain itself and in 1664 the town of New Haven united with the Connecticut colony. By 1701, New Haven was the central village for agriculture and was also named the co-capital of Connecticut, along with Hartford. This honor was lost in 1873.6

Position Paper

Upper State Street and many other areas also experienced revitalization.8

Now the city of New Haven benefits from being one of the first cities to have developed

Center is to stand as a symbol of movement towards a healthier lifestyle by providing

and implemented an urban planning method. With the New Haven Green park at its

its community design transparency while sparking curiosity to anyone who walks by it.

center and the intellectual oasis of Yale University, New Haven has begun to invest in new and innovative projects. One of these contemporary projects is the 360 state street residential high rise, located at the intersection of Chapel and State street and adjacent to this thesisâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s proposed site. The 32 story high rise residential building hopes to attract university students, the medical community and young professionals that can use New Haven as a springboard to New York City life and workforce environment.9 The proposed building site is located at the intersection of Chapel Street and Orange street in downtown New Haven, Connecticut. The city of New Haven is situated on the stateâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s southern part along the Long Island Sound coast, through which the Quinnipiac River flows.10 Downtown New Haven is the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heart and it is home to many parks, plazas, restaurants, social clubs, cafes, theaters, retail stores, markets, offices and universities. Downtown New Haven is also home to a big residential area, which has maintained the downtown businesses and enhanced its economic activity for many years. With the social life booming New Haven is turning into a small mecca for young adults coming from different backgrounds and countries. Locating The Green Fitness Center in this area of New Haven will not only target young professional and university students, but it will also target nearby neighborhoods because of its easy commuter access to the site. Only a block away from the proposed site, users can easily walk to the New Haven Green park.

The famous Pitkin Plaza

also located directly behind the site as well. The importance of this location is that it will provide a support space to the project by creating bonds, connections and relationships between the building and its community. The idea of The Green Fitness

B T For decades the country has been battling a growing epidemic called obesity.

centers. Due to his success gyms and fitness centers were introduced into strip malls,

According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention’s Behavioral Risk Factor

hotels and suburban neighborhoods. Jack LaLanne became a fitness figure who not

Surveillance System (BRFSS), and analysis by TFAH; one in three Americans of all ages

only motivated Americans to adopt a more active lifestyle but he is also responsible

suffer from obesity13. This silent epidemic can cause major health issues and diseases,

for the notion that fitness equals character, and that self-actualization begins with the

such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, stroke and various types

self-discipline to get and stay in shape. In the post LaLanne landscape, it’s not the eyes

of cancers.

but the abdominals that are windows to the soul.13

According to the 2018 annual report from the TFAH, nine U.S. states experience adult 11

Nowadays, very popular health clubs all over the world have adopted slogans that

These are very alarming numbers and are

represent the idea that fitness equals character, self-discipline, personal growth and

raising red flags in our communities. The report also shows that high obesity rates in

change. For example, “Results aren’t always measured in pounds and inches.” “My

the country are caused by social and economic conditions individuals live in. Lower

body. My Biography.” “It’s not fitness. It’s life.”13 These slogans have been used over

income residents are more likely to suffer from obesity due to lack of accessible healthy

the recent years by the popular fitness chain, Equinox. They are meant to represent

foods and physical activity spaces; because of their living conditions they are targeted

the idea that fitness will help you in your personal growth and improvement, and find a

by unhealthy fast food chain brands.

connection to your mind and soul.

Thankfully the general population is now more aware of the health risks associated with

While Americans are realizing how beneficial fitness is to their wellbeing, they are also

obesity and are now taking a stand against it. We now understand that being physically

noticing the negative impact fitness centers have on the environment. Unfortunately

in shape is not just about looking good nor having a beach body but acknowledging

fitness centers are some of the most energy consuming building types due to the

the positive health benefits and rewards that a healthy lifestyle offers.

excessive amount of energy workout machines required and the amount of water

obesity rates at or over 35 percent.

these buildings use and waste. The treadmill machine, for example, is one of the most Fitness was first introduced to the United States in 1951 by Jack LaLanne through his television show, “The Jack LaLanne Show”.

popular indoor cardio machines on the market and is a must have in any type of fitness

The show became very popular and

center. This is especially in all fitness centers located on the east coast where it gets

stimulated Americans to rise from their couches, move away from their sedentary

too cold to run outside in the winter season. A treadmill machine uses between 600

lifestyles, put on their workout spandex and welcome fitness and wellness into their lives.

and 700 watts of energy which is the equivalent to watching three to four 46 inch LCD

Since that day the fitness industry in the country has skyrocketed. In 1936 Jack LaLanne

televisions. If you ran for two and a half hours per week, the generating electricity for

opened his first health club in Oakland, California which has been a template for fitness

the treadmill would emit an alarming 110 pounds of carbon dioxide annually.

10 Position Paper

That’s about one percent of the annual CO2 emissions of the average car.14 Let’s not

Adam set off on a quest to convert simple exercise machines into power generators

forget that almost every gym has at least more than two treadmills, which are typically

to plug to the grid. After various prototypes, patience and support from his gym’s

being used all day, during business hours.

members, he designed the first spin bike retrofit that is grid tied by simply plugging

Gym owners are doing their part to minimize environmental impact by adapting new

market was not quite ready at the time and Adam’s project stopped producing and

greener methods and equipping their facilities with energy generating equipment that

manufacturing in 2011.

“out” into a normal wall outlet.16 While the bike was a success, sadly, the green fitness

reduces environmental impact while maximizing the user’s health. Fitness centers all over the world are now using self-powered machines, such as elliptical trainers and

Adam stayed positive and kept exploring ways to go green, not just in equipment

stationary bikes.

but also by creating a green culture in his health clubs.

These machines provide resistance to the user’s force by using a

The Green Microgym uses

magnetic brake, meaning, the harder you work, the harder the machine fights against

about 85 percent less electricity and their carbon footprint is about one tenth that of

you14. This is one example of ways fitness facilities are trying to create more sustainable

a traditional run gym, per square foot. A member of the Green Microgym saves about

methods to reduce energy consumption. Another example can be seen in the Green

one quarter ton of carbon compared to if they belonged to a traditional gym.16

Microgym in Portland, Oregon. There they use specialized workout equipment to generate electricity. Their stationary bikes use leg movement along with specialized

“Do you want to run your business as though it’s a Hummer or a Prius? Everyone used

hand cracks to generate about 200 watts of electricity which is enough to power a

to think Hummers were these cool, awesome machines-until the price of gas went way

stereo, 37 inch LCD television and a laptop. “It’s an example of what a community can

up. Then they became a symbol of enormous waste. Don’t let the same type of thing

do to conserve energy, even if it’s a drop in the bucket,” says, Adam Boesel, founder

happen to your club.” – Adam Boesel

of Green Microgym.15 Nowadays being “green” cannot be ignored. In an issue of Inc.magazine, writer Melanie Adam Boesel launched The Green Microgym nearly 12 years ago and is a pioneer in creating sustainable health clubs. The idea behind his club was to create a fitness

Curtin, a millennial, said, “I’m willing to spend more (a lot more, in fact) to know that what I’m spending my money on is actually good for the Earth and the people on it.” 17

center that would use its members to make electricity while they exercise. Even though the idea of energy making workout machines was speculating and experimental in

The Eco Gym in England, which was known as Beach Fit, opened a pilot gym in Lancing

2008, Adam did not give up and created his fitness health club with an Eco fitness

in 2016. Owner, Paul Crane, expanded to Brighton in January 2017. In a year’s span

mindset as the focal point.

the Eco Gym has grown to 89 percent usage rate with a 4 percent attrition rate.

2017, the Eco Gym in Brighton was the first gym in the world to become Green Circle

Certified by showcasing how the use of their equipment reduces the facilityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s overall energy consumption by 7 percent.18 Every day we see how more and more fitness facilities are implementing sustainable methods into their buildings. Thankfully many believe that taking care of our bodies should not come with a negative effect on the environment. With this idea in mind, many gyms are adopting energy efficient lighting, low-flow fixtures, essential oil cleansers, energy producing cardio machines, renewable alternatives, indoor air quality efficiency and used recycled or organic products.

12 Position Paper

T     There are various aspects that can make a fitness center successful, some of which are

The two motivational ideas mentioned above touch upon two basic human traits

site location, layout plan, maximizing daylight and natural air, electrical and plumbing

which are: guilt of not moving forward nor changing, and the need to reach self-

systems, equipment, demographics, technology, social environment, sustainability

transcendence. In other words the term motivation is what pushes us to succeed and

and many more. A combination of all the aspects mentioned above could make a

influences our behavior to meet distinctive personal achievements. Since goals and

magnificent fitness facility but I believe the most important aspect of any gym is how

personalities vary from person to person, we each need to explore different motivational

its architecture, aesthetics or form can trigger a motivational drive towards welcoming

vehicles that will have a direct impact on our personality. We must each find that

a healthier lifestyle while offering a unique user experience.

motivational push that will get us closer to achieving our goals.

The advantage fitness group is a functional facility design consultant company which

The strategy of The Green Fitness Center is to provide its users and the community a

shares a very similar mindset, their goal is to help their clients achieve energizing,

motivating environment to achieve their fitness and wellness goals through architecture

complete and balanced solutions in wellness. According to CEO Adam Green, the

aesthetics and unique user experiences. The proposed fitness center ultimate goal is

company strives to create inspirational spaces and establish exercise balance in a

to engage the community and its users by using design transparency and openness to

motivating environment are key to anticipate the end user experience.

trigger curiosity. This curiosity will entice movement and therefore motivate people to welcome an active and healthier lifestyle.

How can architecture be an agent of motivation, a catalyst to encourage wellness?

“Transparency means a simultaneous perception of different spatial locations. Space In order to transform architecture design into an agent of motivation we first need to

not only recedes but fluctuates in a continuous activity” - Gyorgy Kepes

take a closer look at motivation. What is motivation? To me, motivation is the drive or the desire to change, to grow, to learn, and to become a better version of yourself.

Transparency in physics can be translated as the amount of light an element allows

According to American psychologist Abraham Maslow, motivation is the hierarchy

to pass through or seeing through a solid object. In architecture transparency is used

of needs. Maslow notes that humans are inherently motivated to better themselves

to perceive various spaces simultaneously and visually connecting spaces through a

and move toward expressing their full potential – self-actualization – by progressively

transparent matter which is known as perceptual transparency.

encountering and satisfying several levels of need from the most fundamental, such as

also be achieved by manipulating spatial organization, which means creating spatial

for food and safety, to higher order needs for love, belonging, and self-esteem.

Transparency can

effects by using volumetric organization also known as conceptual transparency.

additional example of motivation comes from author Steven Pressfield and his book,

Sigfried Giedion describes in his book, Building in France, building in iron, building in

The War of Art. Pressfield says, “At some point, the pain of not doing it becomes greater

ferroconcrete, “By their design, all buildings today are as open as possible. They blur

than the pain of doing it.”

their arbitrary boundaries. Seek connection and interpenetration.” Giedion also links

the notion of interpenetration to both Le Corbusier’s paintings and buildings, he writes,

design function is to move in place and direction. On the other hand, compositional

“Just as transparent objects interpenetrate in the painting, so Corbusier with every

movement can be described as a theme, an idea or concept in motion and sequence.

means also lightens the traditional gravity of the house.”

During the 20th century, the fascination with speed and movement pushed many painters and artists to centralize the idea of motion and velocity as a theme. The test

“Good design is obvious, great design is transparent” – Joe Sparano

for these visionaries artists was how to implement movement in static media. The futuristic painter, Giacoma Balla, attempted and succeeded to convey the impression

Perceptual transparency will aid to establish a relationship between the neighborhood

of movement or velocity through the use of planes of colour.24 It is also this notion

and its interior fitness activities, while conceptual transparency will help to create a

of compositional movement that can challenge architecture design in depicting the

spatial interpenetration of physical activities within the structure. The idea is to use a

interaction of our bodies and movement within a stationary structure.

glass fa•ade envelope that will create a visual connection from the neighborhood towards the project’s interior programs and vice versa. Within the structure users will

This interplay of human movement within the built environment is in constant motion,

experience high ceilings, open ground floors, and other transparent design elements

whether this is intentional or innocent, we must acknowledge that our bodies will be

that will simultaneously connect various spaces and programs.

Perceptual and

in infinite discourse with our buildings. Architecture has managed to compositionally

conceptual transparency will layer as a whole to offer design transparency from within

manipulate movement within and around a structure by the use of form, pattern,

and out the structure, while interpenetrating fitness programs and offering the user a

rhythm, light, transparency, proportion and perception.

unique experience.

Wright’s Guggenheim in New York, has successfully manipulated directional movement

For instance, Frank Lloyd

by forming a helical spiral ramp that gently climbs from the ground level to the skylight

“Movement is the design element that operates in the fourth dimension – time”

at the top. The Green Fitness Center will provoke the idea of movement in a more delicate and free manner.

Movement is a basic element of nature that resides in every living organism. It even

“play is free, in fact is freedom” - Johan Huizinga

affects static entities when faced against elements such as wind, rain or temperature, which are representing movement of time. Since movement is a part of nature it can be seen as a component of human behavior.

In the context of the proposed thesis, movement will be approached in a variety of manners.

The Green Fitness Center will allow freedom of movement and decision

Movement can be interpreted by two approaches, literal and compositional movement.

making while enforcing vertical movement within its structure.

Literal movement refers to the action of moving, changing of place or position and or

available to all curious users by offering them the liberty to explore in a vertical direction

posture; it can even be described as functional movement, which is an element that its

all the programs and playful physical activities the fitness center has to offer. The Green

14 Position Paper

Free motion will be

Fitness Center will present playful sports that explore spatial and body movement, such

and spark their curiosity in physical awareness and health by offering play, interaction,

as parkour, gymnastics, calisthenics, yoga, rock climbing and martial arts. Members

and mystery.

won’t be tied down to stationary fitness equipment in order to reach their fitness goals. Basic weight training equipment will be available as support spaces for anyone looking

The Green Fitness Center will provide the city of New Haven with a fitness landmark

to develop strength. Visually inviting staircases which can be appreciated from outside

that will become a catalyst to encourage wellness. The Green Fitness Centers’ ultimate

of the structure will gently and curiously aid users to vertically navigate from level to

goal is to engage the community by using design transparency to spark curiosity, which

level in search of their regular or newly discovered fitness activity.

will entice movement and therefore motivate people to welcome a more active and healthier lifestyle. By using different architectural techniques the community will be

“when you’re curious, you find lots of interesting things to do” - Walt Disney

given tools that will cultivate motivation to engage them into welcoming a healthier and more active lifestyle through different and unique activities. Healthy eating,

Professor Richard M. Ryan and Dr. Stefano Di Domenico refer to curiosity and the desire

playful and interesting fitness programs, such as rock climbing, parkour, calisthenics,

to learn as purely intrinsic motivators. We’re motivated toward productivity by curiosity/

martial arts, outdoor gardens and babysitting will facilitate its members into adapting

learning when we encounter new types of stimuli “that present optimal challenges

healthier habits. All in all what is being created is an environment where members of

or optimal inconsistencies with one’s extant knowledge.”

By nature we are driven

the community can come together and encourage physical health and awareness.

to investigate things that we don’t understand, explore the unknown, and examine elements or activities that are out of our comfort zone. Architecturally speaking, curiosity can be used as a motivational design tool to invite users to experience the unknown, and enter unique and interesting spaces within the built environment. Partially shown architectural elements, such as lighting, depth of space, transparency and multiple height levels can also provoke the body to move further and explore. In addition, playfulness and freedom of movement can also spark curiosity in the human behavior of wanting to learn or be part of the experience. Buildings have the ability to teach its occupants to learn about themselves, their peers and their surroundings. This can be seen in buildings types such as, museums, schools and fitness centers. This type of architecture design invites its users to learn, discover

C       1

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/movement

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/transparency

https://architecturality.wordpress.com/tag/transparency/

https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/curiosity

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4635443/

https://www.newhavenct.gov/gov/about_us/new_haven%E2%80%99s_history.htm

https://www.yale.edu/about-yale/traditions-history

https://www.newhavenct.gov/gov/about_us/new_haven%E2%80%99s_history.htm

https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/28/realestate/28newhaven.html

https://connecticuthistory.org/towns-page/new-haven

https://www.tfah.org/report-details/stateofobesity2019/

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2011/01/30/weekinreview/30marsh.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/30/weekinreview/30bruni.html

https://slate.com/technology/2010/11/what-s-the-greenest-way-to-exercise-in-the-winter.html

http://acs.blogs.wm.edu/2009/02/16/gym-membership-good-for-you-bad-for-the-environment/

https://www.thegreenmicrogym.com/the-story-of-the-green-microgym/

https://www.ihrsa.org/improve-your-club/how-green-gyms-became-revenue-engines/

https://www.gosportsart.com/markets/spotlights/ecogymuk/

https://www.afproducts.com/our-process/

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/motivation

https://jamesclear.com/motivation#What%20is%20Motivation?

https://architecturality.wordpress.com/tag/transparency/

http://char.txa.cornell.edu/language/ELEMENT/MOVE/move.htm

16 Site Analysis

C       24

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giacomo-Balla

https://www.fastcompany.com/90217110/here-are-the-4-types-of-motivation-and-what-they-do-to-your-brain

" PRECEDENTS

Figure 1.0

C  Six projects and ideas are selected as precedent analysis for how architecture manifest itself as an agent of motivation, a catalyst to encourage fitness. The following projects became inspirations to concepts and design methods that properly use movement, transparency and curiosity in architecture design to stimulate the desire to actively pursue a healthier lifestyle and overall wellness.

Figure 1.1

22 The Rock Gym by New Wave Architects / Porlu, Iran

T  R    G   Providing a great view towards the highest peak in Iran, Mount Damavand. New Wave Architecture designs a fitness facility responding to the climbing potential on the region. Inspiration comes from the movement of the earth’s crust and tectonic forces, thus creating fragmented, upside down landslides. Nature and landscape invade slowly into the structure through the carved out windows letting light into the building and highlighting the climber halls. White fiber cement panels are applied on the exterior of the structure to create a harmonic link between building and its snowy context. At the rock gym both the inside users and outside users experience a dynamic relationship as both have the ability to climb the structure from the inside as well as the outside. According to New Wave Architects, “the rock climbing gym creates a tangible architectural space where aesthetics is as prominence as performance.”

Figure 1.1

24 The Rock Gym by New Wave Architects / Porlu, Iran

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.3

26 Spordtgebouw by NL Architects / Dordrech, Netherlands

S          Spordtgebouw is the finalize combine version of three school sport facilities in the area of Leerpark, Netherlands. The combination of these three gymnasiums opens an opportunity for sharing ideas and topics with other schools. It will also increase a sense of learning together value. During the day it will only be use by students and at night it will become a fitness facility for the use of the community. NL Architects use the stacked program technique to layout the spaces within the gymnasium. These decreases the use of footprint allowing for a more function circulation. All the sides are cover by adjacent buildings except the front which faces the boulevard. The front facade space is use to create an indoor climbing space, which is decorate with cave like carvings curtain walls that enhance the programmatic capacity and its looks. This facade technique creates an atrium see through space which can be define as the building logo.

Figure 1.3

28 Spordtgebouw by NL Architects / Dordrech, Netherlands

Figure 1.3

Figure 1.4

30 Vertical Gym by Urban Think Tank / Worldwide

V G Vertical gym project is develop by Urban Think Tank. The idea of this project is to incorporate fitness center in slums and under develop neighborhoods with low income class population. The main idea was that this fitness centers will decrease the criminal rate in the targeted neighborhoods by giving to the community a place to practice friendly competitive sports and workout enclosed-open spaces. Why a fitness center? Fitness and sports are more than a physical activity to maintain our bodies in shape. Fitness is also a stress and anger reliever, it can bring people together and rewards people with the satisfaction of a great workout. To save footprint Urban Think Tank incorporated the idea of building vertical, which can be very beneficial to my thesis because the lack of footprint on the site. Parking is design to be underground, then each level has its own activity and purpose. There is indoor track that is suspended above the workout space and open medium size soccer fields on the last level.

Figure 1.5

Figure 1.6

Figure 1.4

32 Vertical Gym by Urban Think Tank / Worldwide

Figure 1.6

Figure 1.7

Figure 1.8

34 The Fun Theory by Volkswagen / Worldwide

T  F   T     The fun theory is a motivation project created by Volkswagen. The idea of this project is to motivate people to change their habits for better ones, to recycle, to be healthy and obey the rules in a fun way. Some of the ideas motivate people by offering them a reward and other like this example, motivates people by making a game out of public stairs. The idea of the piano stairs is to motivate people to use the regular stairs instead of the escalator. Causing them to be in better shape, change habits, be more active on daily basis and overall the benefit of being fit and healthy. The reward of stepping on each tread is that, when you do, omits a piano like sound. The whole stair resembles a giant keyboard.

Figure 1.8

BEFORE Figure 1.8

AFTER Figure 1.8

36 The Fun Theory by Volkswagen / Worldwide

Figure 1.8

Figure 1.9

38 Active Design by The Center of Active Design / Worldwide

A D The active design program is a method of design that is been passed on to architects, designers, engineers, city planners, etc. The big idea behind this practice is to design projects that promote health. In other words, designers who are using active design are trained to come up with projects that will motivate and inspire the public to be healthy and fit. One of the design ideas is to engage communities to promote public health through new methods of design. Stairs are a big aspect of active design strategies. They recommend to make every stair as accessible, dominant and interactive as possible; that way the public will be attract to use the stairs instead of the elevator. Promoting greenery indoors and workout equipment outdoors will motivate people to be healthy and fit. Roof gardens will give the public an option to eat healthier. Incorporation of greens paths that run through major cities are a positive aspect that will promote walking instead of driving or grabbing a taxi.

Figure 2.0

Figure 2.1

40 Active Design by The Center of Active Design / Worldwide

Figure 1.9

Figure 2.2

42 Sustainable Dance Floor System by Energy Floors / Worldwide

Figure 2.3

S          D     F     Sustainable dance floor is a kinetic technology where the a grid of panels is install as a floor and it can be used to create energy to sustain a building, power electric cars and even produce a show of lights. This technology is created by Energy Floors Co. Their idea is to use kinetic energy and humans to impact sustainability through fun and interactive ways. One of my ideas is to incorporate the kinetic panels on the indoor track within the fitness center, also added to the zumba, yoga, aerobics, boxing and boot camp classes and I hope there is a way to install this grid below the turf of a soccer field, or even basketball courts.

Figure 2.4

Figure 2.5

Figure 2.6

Figure 2.7

44 Sustainable Dance Floor System by Energy Floors / Worldwide

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.8

C      

Figure 1.0

Self Illustration

Figure 1.1

https://wordlesstech.com/rock-gym-for-polur-iran/

Figure 1.2

http://archinect.com/newwavearchitecture/project/polour-rock-climbing-hall

Figure 1.3

http://www.archdaily.com/511465/spordtgebouw-nl-architects

Figure 1.4

https://gimnasiovertical.wordpress.com/vertical-gym-projects/vertical-gym-el-dorado/

Figure 1.5

http://architizer.com/projects/vertical-gym-in-venezuela/

Figure 1.6

https://gimnasiovertical.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/sanagustin_render.jpg

Figure 1.7

https://gimnasiovertical.wordpress.com/vertical-gym-projects/vertical-gym-chacao/

Figure 1.8

http://www.cmuse.org/10-amazing-piano-stairs-from-around-the-world/

Figure 1.9

https://www.som.com/projects/university_center__the_new_school

Figure 2.0

https://centerforactivedesign.org/bluecrossblueshield

Figure 2.1

https://centerforactivedesign.org/arbor-house

Figure 2.2

http://www.energy-floors.com/about/

Figure 2.3

https://energy-floors.com/portfolio/world-science-festival-usa-2017/

Figure 2.4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SF4LFC6fQrI

Figure 2.5

http://cargocollective.com/damianabarca/Sustainable-Energy-Floor-SEF

Figure 2.6

https://materialdistrict.com/article/sustainable-dance-floor/sustainable-dance-floor-5/

Figure 2.7

https://materialdistrict.com/article/sustainable-dance-floor/sustainable-dance-floor-4/

Figure 2.8

https://energy-floors.com/portfolio/croeselaan-utrecht-central-station-holland/

# S I T E A N A LY S I S

S    L      

Figure 1.0

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.2

50 Site Analysis

0’

100’

200’

400’

H         C       The city of New Haven is located in the New Haven Harbor on the northern shore of the Long Island Sound, it’s a coastal city in the state of CT and is also part of the New York Metropolitan area. According to world population reviews, The city of New Haven has a population of 129,934 making it the second largest city in Connecticut by population. New haven fact is that it was the first planned city in the United States. It was founded in 1637 by English Puritans, a year after, eight streets were laid out in a four by four grid, creating what is commonly known as the “Nine Square Plan.” The New Haven Green is the central common block, a 16 acre square at the center of downtown New Haven1. The New Haven Green is a now a National Historic Landmark and “the Nine Square Plan is recognized by the American Planning Association as a National Planning Landmark. Over the years the city of New Haven city has evolve to be a city with a strong economy and houses many attractions including its theaters, museums, prestige universities and other venues2.

Figure 1.3

52 Site Analysis

Figure 1.4

S L 1

Figure 1.5

Figure 1.6

YALE UNIVERSITY - OLD CAMPUS

AMISTAD MEMORIAL

Very well known as the “Old Campus”. These series of fourteen buildings are the oldest

The Amistad Memorial was created by artist Ed Hamilton. This memorial was dedicated to

area of the Yale University campus in the city of New Haven. The old campus includes

the city in 1992 and it recognizes the Mende Africans and Joseph Clinque who escaped

eight dormitories and two chapels, they all enclose a four acre courtyard which includes

slavery in 1839 by commandeering the Spanish ship La Amistad. The three sided relief

the Phelps Gate, which is the main entrance from the New Haven Green park. Currently,

sculpture tells its story as it stands where the New Haven Jail was located at the time the

this campus is the main residence of the Yale College freshmen, plus it encloses offices

Mende African slaves were inprison4.

for academic departments of classics, English, comparative literature, and philosophy3.

54 Site Analysis

S L 3

Figure 1.7

PITKIN PLAZA

Figure 1.8

HARKNESS TOWER

The Pitkin Plaza is a very popular twenty four hour public plaza located in Orange Street,

The most iconic landmark in the Yale University Campus is none the less, the Harkness tower.

in the heart of New Haven downtown. This public plaza houses many community events

Completed in 1917, this masonry tower and the symbol of Yale and the city of New Haven

lead by near by restaurants, stores and the city itself.

is standing tall at two hundred sixteen feet. The tower and the Memorial Quadrangle were

The Pitkin Plaza has provided

the community with many international festivals, concerts and outdoor screening during

donated by Anna M. Harkness in memory of her son, Charles5.

sports events.

S LS 5

Figure 1.9

THE NEW HAVEN GREEN

Figure 2.0

TRINITY CHURCH

THE

GREEN

The New Haven Green is one of the oldest public parks in New England. Three churches

Trinity church, is the first Gothic style church in the United States and is one of the three

were build between 1812 and 1816 and placed on the east side of the green, also

churches erected in the public New Haven Green park. The church was build between

known as Temple Street. During the 19th century, the Green functioned as New Haven’s

1814 to 1816 by Ithiel Town, he was a pioneer in the Gothic Revival style in America. The

outdoor living room and meeting place, specially for mende African supporters6. Today,

church was build out of local “trap rock”, which is a dark volcanic rock that when exposed

the Green is a public park, as well as a National Historic Landmark District. The park hosts

to the air, it gives the structure a reddish appearence7.

community events and festivals.

56 Site Analysis

S L 7

Figure 2.2

Figure 2.1

U.S. DISTRICT COURT

360 STATE STREET

Designed in 1910 and constructed between 1913 and 1919 by two of the most well

This luxurious residential high rise tower stands in New Haven’s downtown and it has become

known designers working in the country at the time, Frederick Law Olmstead Jr and Cass

part of the New Haven skyline. 360 State Street provides excellence in apartment living

Gillbert. It was advised that the building respects the style, materials and scale of the

and gorgeous city views.

existing public buildings around the Green8.

market, various amenities and endless activity spaces8.

The residential tower offers an organic grocery store, Elm city

S L 9

Figure 2.3

Figure 2.4

NEW HAVEN STATE STREET STATION

NEW HAVEN CITY HALL

New Haven State Street station is a commuter station located a couple of blocks from

New Haven city hall and county courthouse are located on Church Street, across from the

the New Haven Green, Yale University and 360 State street residential high rise. The

New Haven Green and adjacent to the District Court. City hall building is one of the earliest

station opened in 2002 as an additional stop for Shore Line East Commuter trains and it

high Victorian Gothic buildings in the country. This magnificent structure was designed by

has been a main stop for Metro North commuter trains. The main entrance is located on

Henry Austin and was completed in 186111.

State Street and it connects two platforms with canopies10.

58 Site Analysis

6 7 3 8

0’

100’

200’

400’

60 Site Analysis

V     T      S   

0’

100’

200’

400’

S A CHAPEL ST AND ORANGE ST NEW HAVEN, CT 06510 The site is located at the intersection of Chapel Street and Orange Street which are some of the busiest streets in the city of New Haven Downtown area. The site is walking distance from the New Haven Green, New Haven train station, City hall and Trinity church on the Green. Is also located right next to the award winning 360 state street apartment building by Becker + Becker Associates. The site is highly accessible by any means of transportation and there are also plenty of retail stores, grocery stores, coffee shops, banks and the famous Pitkin Plaza which are just steps away from the site.

LEGEND SITE RH2 - RESIDENTIAL GENERAL HIGH DENSITY RM2 - RESIDENTIAL HIGH MIDDLE DENSITY BA - GENERAL BUSINESS BD - CENTRAL BUSINESS BD1 - CENTRAL BUSINESS / RESIDENTIAL BD3 - CENTRAL BUSINESS / MIXED USE

DEDICATED LANES BICYCLE FRIENDLY ROADS BIKE TRAILS HEAVY TRAFFIC MEDIUM TRAFFIC LIGHT TRAFFIC TRAIN STATION

PDD13 - PLANNED DEVELOPMENT DISTRICT PDU31 - PLANNED DEVELOPMENT UNIT PARK - PARK

62 Site Analysis

BUS STOP

Z M

0’

100’

200’

400’

B       C         

0’

64 Site Analysis

100’

200’

400’

T       V         T     

0’

100’

200’

400’

P      T           S   

0’

66 Site Analysis

100’

200’

400’

A V

S S

SECTION B SECTION A

0’

68 Site Analysis

50’

100’

200’

SECTION A

SECTION B

0’

50’ 100’

200’

0’

50’ 100’

200’

S    C      The city of new haven experiences all four seasons, thus changing its temperature accordingly.

In the summer

the highest monthly average temperature in the

downtown area is 75 degrees Fahrenheit. The warm season begins in May and it lasts until mid September. In the winter, the lowest monthly average temperature in the downtown area is 28 degrees Fahrenheit. The cold season begins in December and it lasts until the last week of March. April is the month with most precipitation in the downtown area. It habitants can experience about 4.2 inches of rain during this month12. Downtown New Haven also experiences a maximum wind speed of 15 mph during the month of May.

Figure 2.5

70 Site Analysis

Figure 2.6

0’

50’

100’

200’

D DOWNTOWN CRIME

AGE

Figure 3.0

Figure 2.7

RACE & ETHNIC DIVERSITY

TOTAL POPULATION 131,014 EDUCATION ATTAINMENT

ADULTS

Figure 2.8

72 Site Analysis

Figure 2.9

According to resourceful New Haven demographic data, the city has a population of 131,014 habitants. The three major age groups of New Havenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s are adults between 35 and 54 years of old, mid adults between 25 to 34 years old and young adults between 18 to 24 years of old. Most of its habitants have completed high school, 33.9% are college graduates and 9.4% are currently attending college.

The acquired data also denotes that Caucasian, Afro

American and Latino are the three biggest largest ethnic groups in the city. Even though downtown New haven is a prosperous neighborhood with various prestige colleges, job opportunities, great community spaces, promising living conditions and amazing night life.

The

crime rates of the neighborhood are similar to the ones of any big city in development. According to online data, crime rates in downtown New Haven are 70% higher than the national average, and everyone has a 1 in 23 chance of becoming victim of any crime. The Tink Tank projects mentioned on page 27, explains how vertical fitness centers structures introduce in slums around the world have had a positive impact in the community. The introduction of these innovative structures has help the community fight crime rates by keeping children off the street and following the wrong kind of

Figure 3.1

people. The idea to promote transparent fitness and competitive sports using architecture is a way to motivate the community to follow a healthier lifestyle and focus their energy in positive and prosperous habits.

C       Figure 1.0

http://ontheworldmap.com/usa/state/connecticut/connecticut-location-on-the-us-map.jpg

Figure 1.1

http://ontheworldmap.com/usa/state/connecticut/connecticut-county-map.jpg

Figure 1.2

http://pollutionfreeschools.org/county/new_haven/

Figure 1.3

https://cawhite.com/apartments/downtown-new-haven/

Figure 1.4

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atwater1881_p10_Map_New_Haven_in_1641.jpg

Figure 1.5

https://www.legalreader.com/24853-2/

Figure 1.6

https://www.flickr.com/photos/27480193@N05/9315715366

Figure 1.7

https://cemeterytravel.com/2018/08/01/cemetery-of-the-week-168-the-new-haven-crypt/

Figure 1.8

https://www.wje.com/projects/detail/harkness-tower

Figure 1.9

https://pmcpropertygroup.com/properties/residence-green

Figure 2.0

https://www.yelp.com/biz_photos/trinity-episcopal-church-on-the-green-new-haven?select=N7wFchWff8pMcFbDy16hPQ

Figure 2.1

https://www.fjc.gov/history/courthouse/new-haven-connecticut-1919

Figure 2.2

https://www.360statestreet.com/photos.aspx

Figure 2.3

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Haven_State_Street_station

Figure 2.4

https://www.flickr.com/photos/91063876@N05/11315946216

Figure 2.5

https://en.climate-data.org/north-america/united-states-of-america/connecticut/new-haven-1726/#temperature-graph

Figure 2.6

https://www.bestplaces.net/climate/city/connecticut/new_haven

Figure 2.7

https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ct/new-haven/demographics

Figure 2.8

https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ct/new-haven/demographics

Figure 2.9

https://www.neighborhoodscout.com/ct/new-haven/demographics

Figure 3.0

https://www.areavibes.com/new+haven-ct/downtown/livability/

Figure 3.1

https://www.areavibes.com/new+haven-ct/downtown/crime/

74 Site Analysis

C       1

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut

http://worldpopulationreview.com/us-cities/new-haven-population/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Campus_(Yale_University)

http://www.ctfreedomtrail.org/trail/amistad/sites/#!/amistad-memorial

https://visitorcenter.yale.edu/tours/women-yale/harkness-memorial-tower-and-memorial-quadrangle

https://www.nps.gov/places/new-haven-green.htm

http://trinitynewhaven.org/historic-trinity/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_C._Lee_United_States_Courthouse

https://www.360statestreet.com/

https://www.greatamericanstations.com/stations/new-haven-state-street-ct-sts/

https://historicbuildingsct.com/new-haven-city-hall-1861/

https://www.areavibes.com/new+haven-ct/downtown/weather/

$ DESIGN

C           ?

MAIN STAIRS

P D

CAFETERIA CARDIO TRICKING

SOCCER

PARKOUR

GYMNASTICS

STRENGTHENING ROCK CLIMBING YOGA STUDIO MIXED MARTIAL ARTS OUTDOOR GARDEN RECEPTION DESK

ACTIVITY/ ROOM NAME

QTY

SIZE (sf)

NASF

FLOOR

DESCRIPTION

Lobby

1198

1st

Building vestibule which includes: seating area, reception desk and main stairs

Administration office

1st

Managers office which is also used to discussed memberships offers

Administration lounge

102

1st

Staff’s break room providing necessary equipment

Admin. Storage

1st

Staff’s storage space for filing

Subtotal

1,390

Entrance / Admission

Fitness and health Turf Ground

1,045

1045

3rd

Synthetic grass area for HIIT and calisthenics workouts

Parkour

1,736

1736

3rd

Area designated for parkour and free-running

Studio

1,373

1373

2nd

Wood floor finish studio area that can be use for yoga, zumba and group classes

Lil’ Ninja

597

1st

Daycare system specialized in toddlers gymnastics

Rock climbing “The Cave”

1,250

1250

2nd - 6th

Strength training

906

4th

Weight lifting area with necessary strengthening equipment

Cardio

788

4th

Area with energy producing cardio machines

Gymnastics

1,528

1528

5th

Area with gymnastics equipment and a spring floor finish

Tricking / Soccer

1,120

1120

5th

Spring floor with synthetic grass finish that allows for a fusion of tricking and soccer

MMA

2,241

2241

6th

Space dedicated for mixed martial arts training

Subtotal

12,584

Rock climbing space with large windows and views to inside and outside spaces.

Support Spaces Men’s Restroom

182

910

1st - 6th

Facilities to be used by visitors and staff members. Must meet ADA requirements

Women’s Restroom

156

780

1st - 6th

Facilities to be used by visitors and staff members. Must meet ADA requirements

Women’s locker room

175

2nd

Lockers to be used by visitor and staff members. Designated ADA lockers

Men’s locker room

192

2nd

Lockers to be used by visitor and staff members. Designated ADA lockers

Women’ shower room

150

2nd

Showers to be used by visitor and staff members. Designated ADA shower

Men’s shower room

150

2nd

Showers to be used by visitor and staff members. Designated ADA shower

Janitor’s closet

2nd

Shelf storage with cleaning supplies. Suitable for ladder, mop, vacuum and sweeper.

MEP

360

1st - 6th

Subtotal

2,781

80 Program Distribution

Geothermal system heat pump and HVAC equipment.

MEP

360

Subtotal

2,781

QTY

SIZE (sf)

NASF

FLOOR

Juice Bar

548

1st

Cafeteria offers healthy food and beverages.

Juice Bar Storage

106

1st

Storage for cafeteria supplies

Zen balcony A

168

2nd

Wood floor finish outdoor balcony providing relaxation, fresh air and natural light.

Zen balcony B

106

3rd

Wood floor finish outdoor balcony providing relaxation, fresh air and natural light.

Zen balcony C

4th

Wood floor finish outdoor balcony providing relaxation, fresh air and natural light.

Roof garden

6,037

6037

Roof

Stepped green roof terrace providing fresh air, outdoor workouts and relaxation

Outdoor Patio

507

1st

Provides outdoor seating and bicycle racks

Bleachers

407

5th

Seating area to witness tricking and 4 v 4 soccer matches.

Subtotal

7,938

ACTIVITY/ ROOM NAME

1st - 6th

Heat pump and HVAC equipment

DESCRIPTION

Community

Net Floor Area (NFA) Gross Factor Gross Floor Area (GFA)

24,693 1.8 44,447

“A     M,      W”

P    D     

T                        ,                                                                     .

S C H E M AT I C D E S I G N

86 Schematic Design

88 Schematic Design

D E S I G N D E V E LO P M E N T

N RA

’55

’N

7”

92 Design Development

9”

. ST

ST .

   

. ST

ST .

RA O

   

T PL KI A N Z A

. ST

ST .

E G

        94 Design Development

T PL KI A N Z A

RA O E

G N

ST .

. ST

          95

T PL KI A N Z A

E G

O N

PE L

ST .

. ST

 -   ,   . ,          96 Design Development

T PL KI A N Z A

E G

O N

H A

ST .

. ST

  

T PL KI A N Z A

G N

O N

PE L

ST .

. ST

        

98 Design Development

T PL KI A N Z A

G N

O N

PE L

ST .

. ST

        

100

> FINAL DESIGN

101

B U I L D I N G F LO O R P L A N S

103

  

! ! !

104

105

! !

106 Building Floor Plans

107

! !

108 Building Floor Plans

109

110 Building Floor Plans

111

112 Building Floor Plans

R                           Three retractable roof pads platforms will be installed to access the stepped roof garden. These platforms will have a combine system of a sliding hatch door and a retractable floor system. The pads will retract underneath the adjacent pads and their retractable direction is show in the roof plan on page 108. These pads will follow The Green Fitness Center’s business hours and will only remain open if the weather permits.

Figure 1.1

Figure 1.0

Figure 1.2

113

B U I L D I N G E L E VAT I O N S

115

116 Building Elevations

117

118 Building Elevations

119

BUILDING SECTIONS

121

MAIN STAIRS CAFETERIA CARDIO TRICKING

SOCCER

PARKOUR

GYMNASTICS

STRENGTHENING ROCK CLIMBING YOGA STUDIO MIXED MARTIAL ARTS OUTDOOR GARDEN RECEPTION DESK

122 Building Sections

123

124 Building Sections

125

EG R E S S B U I L D I N G F LO O R P L A N S

127

128 Building Egress Plan

129

ADA BUILDING FLOOR PLANS AND REQUIREMENTS

131

132 Building ADA Requirements

133

! "

# ! $ "

134 Building ADA Requirements

! ! "%

135

T Y P I C A L WA L L S E C T I O N A N D S T R U C T U R E

137

138 Wall Section and Structures

C     

T G R

Figure 1.6

Figure 1.4

Figure 1.5

Figure 1.7

139

S U S TA I N A B L E S T R AT E G I E S

141

142 Sustainable Strategies

143

Geothermal system will be installed at The Green Fitness Center to provide heating and cooling to the entire structure.

The system

consists of a heat pump which transfers heat by pumping water or a special fluid through a network of pipes that are buried four to six feet just below the Earthâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s surface, where there is a constant temperature of 50 to 60 degrees Fahrenheit. During winter, the water or special fluid absorbs warmth from the ground and then the pump transfer this heat to the entire building. In the summer, the pump works in reverse, maintaining the building cool.

144 Sustainable Strategies

145

RENDERINGS

147

148 Chapel and Orange Street Intersection

Chapel and Orange Street Intersection - Outdoor Garden 149

150 Chapel Street View

Lobby View 151

152 Roof Garden Aerial View

Cardio and Parkour View 153

154 Orange Street View

Yoga Studio View 155

C I TAT I O N S

156

Figure 1.0

https://surespancovers.us/product/sliding-hatch-door/

Figure 1.1

http://short.lt/pasleptas-baseinas-po-zole#axzz6IHSSscvl

Figure 1.2

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/549298485788690485/

Figure 1.4

https://www.halfen.com/us/3226/product-ranges/construction/anchoring-systems/hcw-curtain-wall-system/introduction/

Figure 1.5

https://www.halfen.com/us/3226/product-ranges/construction/anchoring-systems/hcw-curtain-wall-system/introduction/

Figure 1.6

https://www.kemper-system.com/CA/eng/applications/

Figure 1.7

https://www.quadlock.com/images/decking/ICF_Green_Roof.jpg

157

A I would like to express my infinite gratitude to all the people that have contributed with their guidance, support, inspiration and wisdom through this process. Thank you everyone for your patience, understanding, time and love.

158

D         This project is dedicated with love and humility to God, my family, parents, siblings, girlfriend and loved ones, whom in many ways have been present with guidance, love, trust, patience, time and understanding for me to achieve this and many goals.

159