A for and against essay by Auxilia

A FOR AND AGAINST ESSAY A DISCURSIVE ESSAY 75 min !!! Write an essay of 200-250 words. Your essay must have an introduction, body and conclusion. Some people say that exams are a fair way of testing students. Others say that other forms of testing and evaluation are much better. Discuss both of these views and give your opinion.

INTRODUCTION - GENERAL STATEMENT o introductory, general sentence  People have mixed feelings about.... - THESIS STATEMENT o Think about the title! o Think of synonyms or words with a similar meaning!  exams = written tests = written assignments = assessment = judging a student’s ability = evaluation = testing  people = students and education experts = experts = scientists  say = claim = argue = think = believe = feel = point out = (dis)agree = emphasise  Passive Voice: many people feel that... → it is (strongly) felt by many people that....; it is said, it has been argued that...; .... is seen as...; ... is considered to be...  fair = objective = just = reasonable BODY - KEY SENTENCE o advantages = benefits = positive sides = pros o disadvantages = drawbacks = negative sides = cons  There are many advantages to....  On the other hand, there are also some disadvantages to...., as well.  There are arguments for / against.... - ARGUMENT 1 + SUPPORT (explanation or example) - ARGUMENT 2 + SUPPORT (explanation or example) o LINKING WORDS:  ARGUMENTS: first of all, firstly, for one thing, to start with, secondly, then, next, moreover, furthermore, in addition, also, too, and, finally  SUPPORT: for example, for instance, such as, that is, this means that..., because, because of / due to, so, therefore, as a result (of)  Conditional sentence  ARGUMENT 2 (to show contrast): on the other hand, but, however, even though, although, nevertheless, despite / despite the fact that, in spite of / in spite of the fact that, while, whereas CONCLUSION - SUMMARIZE both positive and negative sides o LINKING WORDS: to sum up, all things considered, in conclusion o To sum up, there are many benefits of ...., such as ...., but there are also many drawbacks, such as... - GIVE OPINION

o LINKING WORDS: in my opinion, I think that, I believe...

o Write an essay of 200-250 words. Your essay must have an introduction, body and conclusion. Some people say that exams are a fair way of testing students. Others say that other forms of testing and evaluation are much better. Discuss both of these views and give your opinion. Every year thousands of students take important • General statement - najavite o 44 exams which can decide their future. However, while čemu ćete pisati u glavnom many people claim that taking written tests is the only dijelu eseja. objective way of judging a student’s ability, others point • Thesis statement - objasnite na out that written tests present serious problems for some koji ćete način raspravljati o students. temi: o hoćete li najprije pisati o jednom stajalištu, a onda iznijeti drugo, o ili ćete najprije iznijeti prednosti a zatim nedostake. There are many advantages to taking written • Key (topic) sentence - u prvoj 61 exams. First of all, they are fair and practical. That is, all rečenici iznesite glavnu misao students get the same questions, and do the exams at the odlomka ili najavite o čemu same time and under the same conditions. Secondly, they ćete pisati u tom odlomku (npr. are also objective. This means that the exams are marked o prednostima). according to a strict scheme and usually by more than one • Argument 1 + support examiner. iznesite prvi argument i obrazložite ga. • Argument 2 + support Iznesite drugi argument i obrazložite ga. On the other hand, there are also some • disadvantages to exams, as well. Despite some students deserving to pass, they might feel ill or so nervous on the big day that they are either not able to come to school at all or they make a mess of the exam. Moreover, some students express themselves better in a spoken, rather than • a written form. These students would definitely benefit from a system of continuous assessment of course work by teachers during the year. •

Key (topic) sentence - u prvoj 83 rečenici iznesite glavnu misao odlomka ili najavite o čemu ćete pisati u tom odlomku (npr. o nedostatcima). Argument 1 + support iznesite prvi argument i obrazložite ga. Argument 2 + support Iznesite drugi argument i obrazložite ga. To sum up, there are many benefits of written • Summary sentence - sažmite 63 exams, such as their practicality and objectiveness, but glavne misli iz glavnoga dijela there are also many drawbacks, such as students’ eseja vlastitim riječima. individual differences. In my opinion, exams are not the • Your opinion - iznesite vlastito ideal way of testing students. I think that teachers should mišljenje. Pokušajte povezati continuously assess students’ work in different forms, zaključak s uvodom. from course work participation and presentations, to oral examination and written tests.

251

Write an essay of 200-250 words. Your essay must have an introduction, body and conclusion. Some people say that all students should wear uniforms. Others say wearing school uniforms promotes conformism. Discuss both of these views and give your opinion. People have mixed feelings about wearing school • General statement - najavite o 26 uniforms. While some people point out how practical čemu ćete pisati u glavnom they are, others believe they restrict personal freedom dijelu eseja. and encourage conformism. • Thesis statement - objasnite na koji ćete način raspravljati o temi: hoćete li najprije pisati o jednom stajalištu, a onda iznijeti drugo, • ili ćete najprije iznijeti prednosti a zatim nedostake. The major advantage of school uniforms is their • Key sentence - u prvoj rečenici 87 practicality. If you have a uniform, you don’t have to iznesite glavnu misao odlomka waste time in front of your wardrobe thinking about what ili najavite o čemu ćete pisati u you are going to wear for school that day. It is also tom odlomku (npr. o cheaper for parents. You wear a uniform five days a week prednostima). and they don’t need to spend so much money on your • Argument 1 + support clothes. In addition, uniforms promote equality. They iznesite prvi argument i rule out a situation where some kids think they are better obrazložite ga. than others because they wear fashionable clothes. • Argument 2 + support Iznesite drugi argument i obrazložite ga. • Argument 3 + support Iznesite treći argument i obrazložite ga. On the other hand, if you force pupils to wear the • Key sentence - u prvoj rečenici 89 same clothes every day, you will limit their creativity and iznesite glavnu misao odlomka freedom of choice. Many pupils love dressing up for ili najavite o čemu ćete pisati u school every morning. Some pupils also express their tom odlomku (npr. o attitudes and preferences by their choice of clothes. Also, prednostima). by forcing all pupils to look the same, you will miss an • Argument 1 + support opportunity to teach them how to deal with people who iznesite prvi argument i are different from them. They may even start to think it is obrazložite ga. recommendable to look and think like everyone else. • Argument 2 + support Iznesite drugi argument i obrazložite ga. • Argument 3 + support Iznesite treći argument i obrazložite ga. To sum up, school uniforms definitely have their • Summary sentence - sažmite 53 benefits. They save both time and money. However, they glavne misli iz glavnoga dijela limit pupils’ freedom to express themselves and to eseja vlastitim riječima. practice tolerance. I don’t think we should be encouraged • Your opinion - iznesite vlastito to look the same as everyone else. In my opinion, mišljenje. Pokušajte povezati 255 uniformity in dressing can lead to uniformity in thinking. zaključak s uvodom.

Write an essay of 200-250 words. Your essay must have an introduction, body and conclusion. Some people say that there should be limits to what students can wear at school. Others say there should not. Discuss both of these views and give your opinion.

Vezna sredstva Vezna sredstva služe za povezivanje ideja i rečenica u smislenu cjelinu te tako omogućuju lakše praćenje teksta Dodavanje informacija Sljedeća se vezna sredstva najčešće koriste u središnjem dijelu eseja (body), a njima se povezuju dva dijela rečenice ili se dodaje nova misao. Mogu se koristiti i u zaključku (conclusion). Vezno sredstvo Primjer Napomena and Living in a house is practical and comfortable. too Living in a house is practical. It is comfortable, too. Služi za jače isticanje nego and. Može se zamijeniti s as well. also It is also more comfortable to live in a house. Obično ga stavljamo u sredinu rečenice. in addition (to) In addition, living in a house is in general more Ako se nalazi na početku rečenice, iza comfortable than living in a flat. njega dolazi zarez. furthermore / Living in a house is financially more demanding than Ova se vezna sredstva najviše koriste moreover living in a flat. Futhermore / Moreover it is much more u službenoj pisanoj komunikaciji. difficult to maintain the house than a flat. Navođenje primjera Ova se vezna sredstva najčešće koriste u središnjem dijelu eseja (body), a njima se uvode argumenti da bi se potkrijepila glavna ideja. Vezno sredstvo Primjer Napomena for example /for Living in a house is more expensive than living in a flat. For Ako se nalaze na početku instance example / For instance, if the roof is leaking, you need to rečenice, iza njih dolazi zarez. cover the cost of repair all by yourself. Suprostavljanje ideja Ova se vezna sredstva mogu koristiti u bilo kojem dijelu eseja da bi se uvelo suprotno mišljenje ili protuargument. Vezno sredstvo Primjer Napomena but Living in a house is comfortable, but this comfort Obično se nalazi na početku rečenice. comes at a price. Ispred njega stavljamo zarez. however Living in a house is comfortable. However, this Obično stoji na početku rečenice. Iza comfort comes at a price. njega stavljamo zarez. nevertheless Living in a house is comfortable. Nevertheless, this Ovo se vezno sredstvo najviše koristi comfort comes at a price. / This comfort comes at a u službenoj pisanoj komunikaciji. price, nevertheless. Stoji na početku ili na kraju rečenice. although Although living in a house has many advantages, some people prefer flats. even though Even though living in a house has many advantages, Služi za jače isticanje nego although. some people prefer flats. despite / despite the Despite its many disadvantages, many people still Iza despite i in spite of treba stajati fact that choose to live in a house. imenica ili gerund. Ako ih želite in spite of / in spite In spite of having many disadvantages, living in a kombinirati s imenicom i glagolom, of the fact that house is still the first choice for many people. trebate koristiti despite the fact that ili Despite the fact that there are many disadvantages to in spite of the fact that. living in a house, many people opt for it. In spite of the fact that there are many disadvantages to living in a house, it is still the first choice for many people.

while

While it is more comfortable to live in a house, it is Obično se nalazi na početku ili u also much more expensive. sredini rečenice. on the other hand On the other hand, there are many good sides to living Obično se nalazi na početku ili u in a flat./ sredini rečenice. Iza njega dolazi Living in a flat, on the other hand, has many good zarez. sides. Navođenje razloga Ova se vezna sredstva najčešće koriste u središnjem dijelu eseja (body) kada navodimo argumente kojima želimo potkrijepiti glavnu misao. Vezno sredstvo because

Primjer Napomena Because it is quieter and neater, people with families Može stajati na početku ili u sredini often move to suburbs. rečenice. People with families often move to suburbs because it is quieter and neater. because of / due to Some people choose flats because of lower costs. Iza njih dolazi imenica. Due to lower costs of living, some people choose to live in flats. Izricanje logičnih posljedica Ova se vezna sredstva najčešće koriste u središnjem dijelu eseja (body) da bi se uspostavila veza između uzroka i posljedice. Također se mogu koristiti i za izricanje glavnih misli u zaključku. Vezno sredstvo so therefore

as a result (of)

Primjer Napomena Many houses have gardens, so they are perfect for elderly people with a lot of spare time. Many houses have gardens, and are therefore perfect Ovo se vezno sredstvo najviše koristi for elderly people with a lot of spare time./ Many u službenoj pisanoj komunikaciji. houses have gardens. They are, therefore, perfect for elderly people with a lot of spare time. Maintaining a house is expensive and time-consuming. Može stajati na početku ili u sredini As a result, most young couples choose to live in a flat. rečenice. Kada se nalazi na početku, More houses are being sold as a result of a fall in iza njega dolazi zarez. prices.

Nizanje ideja Ova se vezna sredstva najčešće koriste u središnjem dijelu eseja (body) da bismo uveli osnovne ideje. Mogu se koristiti i u zaključku za sažimanje osnovne misli. Vezno sredstvo Primjer Napomena First(ly)/first of all…, There are many arguments in favour of living in the Iza njih dolazi zarez. Firstly i second(ly)/then/next…, south. First, it is warmer than in the north. Next, secondly najviše se koriste u finally… the Mediterranean cuisine is very healthy. Finally, službenoj pisanoj komunikaciji. people are in general more relaxed.

For one thing/To start with… for another thing…

As for me, I would always rather live in the north. For one thing/To start with, people are more cultured. For another thing, I can’t stand high temperatures.

Iza njih dolazi zarez.

Sažimanje i zaključivanje Ova se vezna sredstva koriste u zaključku, da bismo saželi rečeno ili napisano. Vezno sredstvo In conclusion,… To sum up,…

Primjer In conclusion/To sum up, the best house is the one that we can afford.

Napomena Stoje na početku rečenice. Iza njih dolazi zarez.

HOMEWORK ESSAY TOPICS Write an essay of 200-250 words. Your essay must have an introduction, body and conclusion. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. Discuss both of these views and give your opinion. 1. Some people say that there need to be compulsory subjects in schools. Others say that students should be allowed to choose the subjects they want to study. 2. Some people say that schools prepare young people for life in the real world. Others say that they teach them too much theory. 3. Some people say that there should be more discipline in schools. Others say that teachers should have a more friendly approach to students. 4. Some people say that the introduction of the state matura exam in Croatia is a good idea. Others say that it has too many drawbacks. 5. Some people say doing homework is an important part of learning. Others say there should be no homework. 6. Some pople say that cheating on tests is out of control. Others say it happens for a reason. 7. Some people say that private high schools and universities are better than state run schools and universities. Others disagree. 8. Some people say there should be sex education in schools in Croatia. Others say disagree. 9. Some people say that participation in sports is a very important part of education. Others say it leads to students having poor academic results. 10. Some people say students should be allowed to grade their teachers. Others say this would have too many drawbacks. 11. Some people say that there should be limits to what students can wear at school. Others say there should not. 12. Some people argue against single-sex schools. Others say there are many benefits to attending a single-sex school. 13. Some people say that you can learn a language only by travelling abroad. Others say you can do it in your country as well. 14. Some people say competition in schools is positive and should be encouraged. Others say it can be harmful. 15. Some people say that test scores are a good indication of a school's competency. Others say that other factors should be included as well. 16. Some people say that education in Croatia is well-organised. Others say it is better to study abroad. 17. Some people say that a person is worth more if they have a university degree. Others disagree. 18. Some people say that some school subjects are more important than others. Others say all school subjects are equally important. 19. Some people say universities put too much stock in standardized test scores. Others say it is the most objective way. 20. Some people say that higher education should be competely free. Others disagree. 21. Some people say reading books is very important. Others say it is a thing of the past. 22. Some people say nothing can compare to reading a book. Others say watching a film adaptation is just as good. 23. Some people say that electronic books should replace traditional books. Others disagree. 24. Some people say the Internet is a necessary part of modern life. Others say we have become too dependent on it. 25. Mobile phones â&#x20AC;&#x201C; a blessing or a curse? 26. Some people say childhood is the best time of your life. Others disagree. 27. Some people say teenagers should take their driving test as soon as they turn 18. Others say this leads to many problems.

28. Some people say that the military should be allowed to recruit at high schools. Others disagree. 29. Some teenagers like to be trendy and will buy/listen to/eat what is popular at the moment. Others like to be different from other people, as well as being part of a group such as Goths and Freaks. 30. Some people say that Turbo Folk has a bad influence on teenagers. Others say it is harmless fun.

READING – TASK 1 Task 1 – You are going to read an article in which young people talk about their experiences as exchange students. For questions 1-12, choose from the people A-F. There is an example at the beginning (0). Exchange-Student Stories A Alex B Britney The opportunity to study in Japan was one of the My best friend couldn’t stop talking about highlights of my university years. I gained a regrets she had about her student exchange, but I variety of vastly different cultural experiences wanted to give it a try nevertheless. I’d been to and also met some of the kindest and most many foreign countries before, and I’d always generous people I have known. I experienced enjoyed the experience. Then I came across an being a member of a minority for the first time in ad for exchanging with Sheffield University, my life, which is a perspective I value having England. In the eight months in Sheffield, I been exposed to. Over the year, I was lucky became very independent and confident, and I enough to travel to Japan’s five main islands made some of the best friends I will ever have. I with friends I met, and I saw some fantastic also took some great subjects at university and sights! had an opportunity to listen to some brilliant professors. C Chris D Diane My original idea was to study in Mexico City for The greatest challenge about life in Norway was one semester, but I am still here. My exchange a day-to-day, practical sort of communication. experience has been amazing. I came to Mexico While most young people speak English, there to study Spanish, a language I’d always liked. are a lot of older people who struggle, so you After only one semester, my Spanish was still need to be careful when booking tickets, lacking. Since I loved the place, I decided to accommodation, transport etc. That’s where stay. And, as the summer break here is in problems arise. As for the people in general, between these two semesters, I was able to don’t be offended if they don’t seem friendly. travel. I made it through Central America, They really are, but you have to approach them Colombia and Peru, having the time of my life. first. Once you earned their trust, you found Going on exchange was the best decision I’ve yourself friends for life. ever made, and I didn’t look back once. E Emily F Frances Uppsala is a great place for students. There are I was close to completing my French major, and 13 student associations which you can choose I decided that doing an exchange would help me from to join. In these associations you can consolidate my language skills while participate in all sorts of activities, from choir to simultaneously fulfilling my lifelong dream of soccer. Only students are allowed to enter, which travelling. Before that trip to France, I focused a makes it even better, because you all have lot on the future – what I wanted to do, where I something in common. They are always open for wanted to go and how I wanted to get there. lunch, brunch, dinner, parties, study, or Fika Living overseas made me realize how significant (meaning coffee time). I was thinking about every moment of my life can be and how visiting Uppsala again during my summer important it is to focus attention on the things holidays, but my parents had already made plans that I find most interesting and fulfilling. for me. But there’s always next year.

Which personâ&#x20AC;Ś 0 could choose sport as an extra-curricular activity? 1 had problems with the language? 2 travelled the whole country? 3 wanted to improve their knowledge of a foreign language? 4 boosted their self-esteem? 5 gives advice on communication with the natives? 6 says they didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t regret the experience? 7 enjoyed being with people like themselves? 8 had a great academic experience? 9 loved the people they met there? 10 spent holidays in the country of their exchange? 11 wanted to make the wish to visit new countries come true? 12 is planning to visit the country of their exchange again?

E __D___ __A___ __F___ __B___ __D___ __C___ __E___ __B__ __A___ __C___ __F___ __E___

Task 1 – You are going to read an article in which young people talk about their experiences as exchange students. For questions 1-12, choose from the people A-F. There is an example at the beginning (0). Exchange-Student Stories A Alex B Britney The opportunity to study in Japan was one of the My best friend couldn’t stop talking about regrets she highlights of my university years. I gained a variety of had about her student exchange, but I wanted to give it a vastly different cultural experiences and also met some try nevertheless. I’d been to many foreign countries of the kindest and most generous people I have known. I before, and I’d always enjoyed the experience. Then I experienced being a member of a minority for the first came across an ad for exchanging with Sheffield time in my life, which is a perspective I value having University, England. In the eight months in Sheffield, I been exposed to. Over the year, I was lucky enough to became very independent and confident, and I made travel to Japan’s five main islands with friends I met, and some of the best friends I will ever have. I also took I saw some fantastic sights! some great subjects at university and had an opportunity to listen to some brilliant professors. C Chris D Diane My original idea was to study in Mexico City for one The greatest challenge about life in Norway was a daysemester, but I am still here. My exchange experience to-day, practical sort of communication. While most has been amazing. I came to Mexico to study Spanish, a young people speak English, there are a lot of older language I’d always liked. After only one semester, my people who struggle, so you need to be careful when Spanish was still lacking. Since I loved the place, I booking tickets, accommodation, transport etc. That’s decided to stay. And, as the summer break here is in where problems arise. As for the people in general, don’t between these two semesters, I was able to travel. I made be offended if they don’t seem friendly. They really are, it through Central America, Colombia and Peru, having but you have to approach them first. Once you earned the time of my life. Going on exchange was the best their trust, you found yourself friends for life. decision I’ve ever made, and I didn’t look back once. E Emily F Frances Uppsala is a great place for students. There are 13 I was close to completing my French major, and I student associations which you can choose from to join. decided that doing an exchange would help me In these associations you can participate in all sorts of consolidate my language skills while simultaneously activities, from choir to soccer. Only students are allowed fulfilling my lifelong dream of travelling. Before that trip to enter, which makes it even better, because you all have to France, I focused a lot on the future – what I wanted to something in common. They are always open for lunch, do, where I wanted to go and how I wanted to get there. brunch, dinner, parties, study, or Fika (meaning coffee Living overseas made me realize how significant every time). I was thinking about visiting Uppsala again during moment of my life can be and how important it is to my summer holidays, but my parents had already made focus attention on the things that I find most interesting plans for me. But there’s always next year. and fulfilling. Which person… 0 could choose sport as an extra-curricular activity? 1 had problems with the language? 2 travelled the whole country? 3 wanted to improve their knowledge of a foreign language? 4 boosted their self-esteem? 5 gives advice on communication with the natives? 6 says they didn’t regret the experience? 7 enjoyed being with people like themselves? 8 had a great academic experience?

E _____ _____ ____ _____ _____ _____ _____ ____

9 loved the people they met there? 10 spent holidays in the country of their exchange? 11 wanted to make the wish to visit new countries come true? 12 is planning to visit the country of their exchange again?

_____ _____ _____ _____

Task 1 - You are going to read an article in which people talk about their hobbies. For questions (1-12), choose from the people (A-F). There is an example at the beginning (0). Hobbies We asked some people to tell us about their hobbies. A Alexander D Deborah I’m a member of the Galactic Circle Astronomy Club. I’ve recently joined a ballroom dancing course. You may Our activities have included overnight stays at the local think I’m mad because for the past few years I’ve been observatory, a telescope building workshop and most playing handball, going to music school and have taken recently observations of stars. “Star parties”, which are up creative writing, all in addition to regular school. But often organised if something interesting comes up like a dancing seemed such a challenge that some of my friends meteor shower, are my favourite. But you can imagine talked me into it. And I’m glad because now they say I’m how worn out I feel when these gatherings occur for a a natural, doing remarkably well although I had little few nights in a row, and this happens often. I may have to previous experience in it. My days are all booked up but make some changes though, like reducing some of the I still manage to get my beauty sleep. activities because I need to start studying for my medical school exam. B Ben E Erica I joined my teen drama class last year. It’s a workshop Ever since I was a child I’ve adored animals. designed for building up confidence and creativity. We I badly wanted to have one, but it never happened. I analyse literary texts and put on plays. It’s so much fun, finally decided to be a volunteer for an animal rescue I’d really recommend it, unless it takes you long to learn group. And I’m so happy! I usually avoid human a poem by heart! My main motive was to hang out with company but now even that side of life has improved, not other young people doing something worthwhile, but I to mention the things I can do for animals – like finding haven’t considered pursuing an acting career yet. We’ve homes for homeless pets, collecting donations, providing done three productions this year and there’s even been training and healthcare. I’ve learned so much that some talk of a tour in the summer. although I recently started studying design, I’m now planning on becoming a vet! C Claudia F Frank My environmentalist group had some great projects this I’d always wanted to play in a band but had no actual year dealing with climate change, water and waste issues, music training. I couldn’t even read notes. So, the five of and wildlife preservation. I signed up in the first place us joined a teen rock band advertised locally and got an because I couldn’t stand knowing about all these instructor who taught us to play the lead and bass guitar problems and doing nothing. My favourite project though and drums. He really is a talented musician and good was a study of native species in Kopački rit. We often teacher. We started by playing easy popular songs but had to walk for hours at a time to spot a rare bird, even after two years could even do a little composing on our though our feet were killing us. We should have worked own. We sang and played in front of hundreds of kids out regularly in preparing for this trip. But at least my this summer, moving from town to town. It was a truly asthma condition has changed for the better. memorable experience. But now I’m going abroad with my parents and I’ll have to find something else to do in my spare time. Which person… 0 plays a sport? 1 went on a tour? 2 gets little sleep? 3 felt frustrated? 4 wants to turn their hobby into a career? 5 will change their hobby? 6 had to be fit?

7 needs a good memory? 8 enjoys working with people? 9 discovered a new talent? 10 improved their health? 11 is a shy person? 12 has made an instrument? Task 1 - You are going to read an article in which people talk about their travel experiences. For questions 1-12, choose from the people A-F. There is an example at the beginning (0). Travellers’ Tales We asked some people to tell us about their travel experiences. A Antonia D Derek So I arrived at this seaside place to spend a couple of While waiting to start my university course, I went to a weeks relaxing by the sea, but I found that instead of remote area in Chile for three months on a project to being part of the local culture I was in a resort for build houses for the local people. I had to do all sorts of Westerners. There were no beach huts but only a hotel, things, from helping general construction to pouring and there was a disco blasting out Western disco music cement. I’d never done this before. And a great thing was all night, so I was dead tired in the morning. The place that I got to know the families who will actually live in was crowded, and they were not my kind of people. But I these houses. One day, I’ll take my children there and say didn’t let it get me down – I just packed my bags and “I helped build that.” I was worried about my university headed into the mountains. course but now with this experience I feel I’ll make a success of it. B Barbara E Emma I‘ve just come back from Tanzania, where I was in a I was bored watching TV all day so I decided to go team teaching children how to read and write. It’s somewhere totally different – Africa. I thought it was wonderful to see the kids learn a new skill and become going to be a fabulous adventure – no advance planning. more confident in themselves. The place was a bit risky But when I arrived, I found myself in a really dirty place, because of malaria, but I had plenty of medicines around with insects everywhere. As for the food, thank goodness me. I was surrounded by people all day, but in the there was a McDonald’s. And I couldn’t understand the evening I always tried to get some time for myself and language. I was so miserable that I just wanted to go watch glorious sunsets over the Indian Ocean. home. So I did. C Charles F Fred I spent a month monitoring endangered chamois goats I spent three months in Ghana on a football programme, and their interrelationship with wolves and bears. We working with street children, orphans and children with spent the days high in the mountains, recording the disabilities. My job was to help organize training presence of these animals through direct observation and sessions and competitions and to give lessons on football their tracks, signs and calls. You could hear wolves tactics. I stayed with a local family, which was a true howling at night, but I soon got used to it. I sometimes cultural experience. The food was very different from spent hours looking at the stars – you don’t see that in what I was used to. I also took part in football camps, but London. I even managed to do some serious I missed one because I had to stay in bed for a couple of mountaineering, the first time I’d done that. It was quite days. It must have been something I ate. But working dangerous, and it really showed me how important it is to with these children was great. It all gave me a new way be able to rely on the people around you and coordinate of looking at the world. everything you do. Which person … 0 had problems communicating with the local people? 1 learned a new sport? 2 learned a new skill? 3 learned how to work in a team? 4 enjoyed being alone?

5 felt unhappy? 6 has become more self-confident? 7 enjoyed looking at the night sky? 8 became ill? 9 changed their travel plans? 10 did not like the local food? 11 had trouble sleeping? 12 hopes to go to the same place again?

Task 1 - You are going to read an article in which people talk about their football memories. For questions 1-12, choose from the people A-F. There is an example at the beginning (0). Football Moments We asked some people to tell us about their football memories. A Anthony C Charlie It was 0-0 with about fifteen minutes to go and the ball We were playing for the local schools’ Indoor Football came into our penalty area and I went for it when Cup that afternoon and the match suddenly an opposing forward rushed past me and fell to was being shown live on local television. ‘Hurry up. the ground like he was badly injured. ‘Penalty!’ said the We’re late!’ I shouted to my dad who was driving me to referee, showing me a yellow card. I couldn’t believe it! I the sports hall, which was in another town. Round and hadn’t touched him! I felt so angry. I felt like arguing round we drove. My dad had no idea where we were. It’s with the referee, but I didn’t want a red card. They scored a good thing I had nerves of steel. When we did find the and we lost. I remember I was furious at the time, but I place, I rushed in, got changed and ran onto the court just needn’t have been. After all, it’s only football. in time. It was a nightmare getting there, but it was a dream come true, because we won. B Brenda D Denise My team were in the Cup Final and with ten minutes to My local team were playing Chelsea in the third round of go there was still no score when we were awarded a the FA Cup. I’d never seen so many people come to a penalty. I just couldn’t watch it. I had to go out into the game before, and there was such a huge queue to get in kitchen and try to calm myself. Then I heard the roar. that I missed the start. The atmosphere was fantastic and We’d scored! I jumped with delight and punched the air. the great thing was that we managed to hold them to a But then the other team scored twice in the last minutes. draw. After the match, we saw some Chelsea fans and So I went from ecstasy to deep depression. What a started teasing them. Suddenly, they rushed at us and difference an hour makes! started beating us up and a lot of my mates got injured. After that, I never went near opposing fans. E Eddy F Fred It was a penalty shoot-out and it was up to me. I chose I was playing in goal and I dived for the ball at the feet of the corner I would shoot at, stepped back and went to an opposing forward. I got the ball and the forward fell kick. Then I saw the goalkeeper moving to that corner, so over me. When I got up I heard everyone shouting I changed my mind and went for the other one – and ‘Foul!’ but I knew I hadn’t fouled the forward. Then the missed the goal completely. We’d lost. I wanted the referee came up, looked me in the face, and said ‘I’m ground to open up and swallow me. Even today, this sending you off!’ ‘That’s not fair’, I shouted, ‘I didn’t moment suddenly comes back to my mind and I groan to foul him! I’m not going!’, and I stood my ground. ‘No’, myself. he said, ‘You’ve got to go off.’ It was then that I felt blood running down my face. The forward’s boot had caught me just above my eye. So off I went – for stitches. Which person...

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

was playing goalkeeper? F saw the game on TV? was injured? thinks he was treated unfairly? arrived late? got lost? felt nervous? argued with the referee? won a cup? does not like to remember the game? feels differently about the event now? learned a lesson? felt ashamed?

Task 1 - You are going to read an article in which people talk about their holidays when they were kids. For questions 1-12, choose from the people A-F. There is an example at the beginning (0). Summer Holidays We asked some people to tell us about their holidays when they were kids. A Joan B Tony We used to go to the coast for a week and stay in a My parents had bought some land in the hills. It had caravan. It was either that or a tent, which we didn’t always been their dream to have a fancy. We couldn’t afford anything else. The beaches holiday home there. Every vacation, we’d go and work were nice, but the sea was freezing. It didn’t stop us on it. My cousins would come too. The first year or two going in though. Looking back, it didn’t harm us. The we had to camp in the open. Building the house was best thing was the fish. I can feel the taste in my mouth really hard and every night we’d fall asleep totally even after all these years. We didn’t go out in the exhausted. It was good fun, though, and now we have a evenings. We’d just stay in and play cards and board wonderfulholiday home in the hills that we can escape to games. The only thing was no pets were allowed, so the whenever it gets too hot in the city. It’s even got a tennis cat and dog stayed with my aunt. court which I play on a lot. C Andrea D Ronald My father had this idea that holidays should be I would go and stay with my friends at their educational. Every year when my friends were all on the grandparents’ in the country. It was like living beach, my sister and I would be dragged round the in another century. They had no running water. We had to country in an attempt to improve our general knowledge. get it from a well in the garden. They didn’t have gas or I remember one year we visited the cathedrals of the electricity either. Of course, there was no TV. Nowadays, south- -west region. My sister found it interesting, but I such places must be very rare. However, it was great! couldn’t help thinking enviously of my friends enjoying We’d spend the days climbing the trees and swimming in themselves on the coast. It all went in one ear and out the the stream at the bottom of the garden. And the wildlife other. was amazing! E Benjamin F Carol Times were hard and we spent the holidays at home. It We used to go abroad to the south of France, which was a didn’t bother us, because as long as we had a ball we very modern thing back then. I remember that the could kick it around all day. There was a field nearby and neighbours were extremely jealous of us. My brothers we’d play with other kids like us. It didn’t matter if it and I loved it there. We’d play with the local children. It rained. Anything was better than playing inside the did wonders for our French, which was the only subject house. Nowadays, when I work all day and find myself we didn’t have to worry about at home. I remember physically exhausted, I look back fondly on those times. thinking the place would be backward, but it wasn’t at However, at the same time, I do regret missing the all. Mum and Dad loved the local food, although I can’t opportunity to see more of the world as a youngster. say I was so keen on it myself. Which person… 0 had to do physical work? 1 did better at school because of their holiday? 2 used to play indoors sometimes? 3 was jealous of other people’s vacations? 4 enjoyed the food? 5 went with relatives? 6 didn’t have very modern conditions? 7 had to sleep outside? 8 didn’t have enough money to go away? 9 used to go sightseeing? 10 played sport?

11 12

went on a holiday that wasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t common at the time? had the chance to see animals?