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Allergic rhinitis is caused by the interaction of airborne allergens with specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) type antibodies on the surface of mast cells. This interaction causes mast cells to release and synthesize chemicals, causing inflammation of the surrounding tissues. Typical symptoms include rhinorrhea, nasal itching, sneezing, and nasal congestion. Extranasal symptoms such as allergic conjunctivitis, itchy ears and palate, and asthma may also occur. Allergic rhinitis is treated using medications such as antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, or immunotherapies. Alternative forms of treatment are also employed in certain cases.
