STRUCTURE OF WORKBOOK !
Introduction (History/ Architect/ Date of build/ Construction time)
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01 AIR (Ventilation/ Convection/ Radiation)
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02 LIGHT (Natural/ Artificial)
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03 GROUND (Materials/ Construction techniques)
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04 WATER (Usage/ Flow/ Infrastructure)
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05 ENERGY (Heat/ Storage/ Power)
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06 RECYCLE (Re-use/ Cradle to Cradle)
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Synthesis
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Conclusion
Introduction !
History/ Construction/ Date of build
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City Hall is part of the More London development located between London Bridge and Tower Bridge, on the south bank of the Thames.
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Designed by Foster + Partners
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Appointment: 1998 Construction start: 2000 Completion: 2002
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Area: 19 814 m² Height: 45 m
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Client: More London Development Ltd.
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City Hall officially opened by Her Majesty the Queen 23.07.2002
Architect !   A competition in 1998 was held to
choose a site and design for the new office of the GLA. There were 55 entries, and 7 were chosen and displayed in an exhibition in the OXO tower wharf in 1998. Visitors of the exhibition were asked to provide feedback and vote for their favorite design. Foster & Partners design, headed by Ken Shuttleworth, was voted the public’s favorite.
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City Hall in London is the home of the Greater London Authority, which is the London Assembly and the office of the Mayor of London.
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Since 2002, City Hall has been located in a modern building in Southwark near Tower Bridge.
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This striking rounded glass building also has many features that make it environmentally friendly.
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The building is 45 metres high, with 185,000 sq ft (gross) of floor space spread over 10 floors. In conventional terms, the building has no front or back: its shape is derived from a geometrically modified sphere. This hybrid form is designed to minimize the surface area exposed to direct sunlight. The building has been designed to be as green as possible.
!   More London consists of 7 major buildings and was designed to
offer the workers quality and efficient office spaces within the new business community in City of London. It is situated on the south embankment of the river Thames in a rather gloomy area.
City Hall location map ! How to find City Hall? ! About ten minutes walk
from London Bridge station and fifteen from Tower Hill, you’ll find City Hall on the south bank of the Thames. Look for the distinctive curved glass building just along from HMS Belfast.
AIR !   Ventilation There is a vent above and below the panel, which allows cool air to flow in, reducing the heat in the room, which then escapes through the top vent. These vents are installed primarily in the South, East and West section of the building. Natural shade from direct sunlight is provided by the distinctive stepped façade.
Resource: Norman Foster + Partners
AIR Convection ! The operable windows allow
the natural ventilation of the building
! The ground water is
pumped from the aquifer below the building via two specifically drilled boreholes.
! The cold ground air is also
used directly in the cooling coils of the air-handling units to cool the fresh air entering the building.
Radiation o  There are operable vents in each separate piece of cladding. These vents, when opened, deactivate the automated heating systems in the area of the building where the vents are opened. o  This leads to saving energy as both systems are never used at the same time and as often as possible the natural system is used.
The cladding build up is in direct response to the amount of sunlight reaching it
Cooling
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The water is pumped out of the ground at 53-57°F and then runs through the structural beams in the City Hall. In the hotter months this water is run through cooling coils, which are filled with cold air. This system cools the water that run through these pipes, this in tern is moved around the building cooling each room as it runs through.
LIGHT o Shadow
Artificial Light !   The building is designed to allow natural light into the
building and doesn’t seem to have that much artificial lighting, only decorative and in the darker areas.
Natural Light o  The building represents a radical rethink of architectural form. Its shape achieves optimum energy performance by maximizing shading and minimizing the surface area exposed to direct sunlight.
GROUND ! Materials- 3 materials: ! Glass ! Steel ! Concrete
GLASS !
The building is completely triple glazed, these glazing panels all have solar blinds that also block the UV rays and create a greenhouse effect inside the building.
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Everyone of City Hall's glass panels is unique and is cut by laser.
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City Hall is clad with 3,844 glass panels (7,300 square meters) of triple-glazed, low E glass incorporating shading devices.
Triple-glazed cladding is used For the first floor.
!   The building is made entirely out of
modern day materials. There are no natural materials; instead, steel frame, reinforced concrete and glass cladding have been used. The materials themselves are not at all associated with sustainable design or ‘green’ architecture.
Construction technique ! Structure in General ! Building type: high-rise building ! Building status: existing [completed] ! Structural material: composite structure ! Architectural style: modernism ! The building construction was quite
efficient, considering that it only took 30 months to complete the build. This included prefabrication using CAD/ CAM manufacturing for several parts of construction and cladding.
Recycle materials !   Inside the building, quite a few elements, such as floor
tiles and rubber doormats are made of recycled materials. The building has long-lasting lifespan in terms of structure, materials and functional flexibility.
WATER Usage/ Flow/ Infrastructure ! RAIN
Infrastructure
!   The water is extracted from the water table beneath London,
and is pumped up via boreholes at around 55°F and then this water is run through cooling coils, which are filled with cold air, and in the winter the water runs through the same pipes but gas heated, then the same water is reused to flush the toilets to save water.
Drainage system
A replacement drainage system with the capability to remove all standing water from the perimeter of one of London’s most iconic public buildings. The product is a modular-based, full stainless steel system manufactured in unique wide ‘v’ sections and fitted with lockable Heelsafe perforated gratings.
ENERGY Concept !
Energy consumption for the GLA's environmental systems is less than half levels in DETR good practice office guide.
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The radical shape of the building minimizes the surface area (approximately 25 per cent less than an equivalent rectangular building). It is self shading and the high performance facade ensures excellent energy efficiency.
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And the heating is very rarely turned on, by capturing the sun with its shape and with its brilliant insulated panels and high performance glazing. Mass amounts of heat are lost through the exposed external wall of the chamber.
The solar panels provide solar power for the building, converting light into electricity with no waste and no emissions. The photovoltaic panels have a peak capacity of 67kW and are expected to generate about 50,000kWh of renewable electricity each year – saving up to 33 tones of CO2. Photovoltaic cells (PV) work by using solar cells to convert light from the sun into electricity. This striking rounded glass building also has many features that make it environmentally friendly, including solar panels on the roof.
Heating system
London City Hall is a building that doesn’t use electric chillers, there have been used natural resources reduces electricity consumption and thus saves money. In addition, chiller beams maintain the temperature when it is hot during the summer. Greatly reduced as a result of using cold ground water instead of refrigeration to air condition the building. Saving use of mains water, the water is extracted through two bore holes from the water table beneath London and is used to cool the building and is then used for flushing the toilets. Heat insulation: Average value= 0.7-0.8 W/m_.k
Recycle !   Heat generated by computers and lights is recycled in
London City Hall.
Synthesis !  
In Conclusion, City Hall, the centerpiece of the More London site, is a unique and unusual building. Nothing quite like this structure had been constructed before and its challenging shape demanded innovative solutions at every level. City Hall is also one of the most energy efficient and sustainable structures in the capital due to natural solar-shading realized via the inclination of the south face of the structure; the use of artesian well-water pumped from 65m below the surface to provide all building air conditioning; the subsequent use of artesian well-water for toilets and other non-potable uses within the building; energy efficient cladding panels; and the use of recycled building materials. Since awarded the Carbon trust status, the City Hall joins the more green building in London and is committed to try and reduce the energy use every year.
Conclusion !   Firstly, I would like to have more access in London City
Hall and to be allowed to take pictures around the building. !   Secondly, I suggest having more recycle bins around the
building.