Europaisches Patentamt i
Âť
European Patent Office
(ii)
Publication number:
Office europeen des brevets
EUROPEAN
0 239 A1
1 6 9
PATENT A P P L I C A T I O N mtci- C 25 B 1/10, C 25 B 1 3 / 0 8
Application number: 87200505.3 Date of filing: 19.03.87
Priority: 27.03.86 US 844694 04.11.86 US 926721
Applicant: Billings, Roger Evan, 3420 Pink Hill Circle, Blue Springs Missouri 64015 (US)
Date of publication of application: 30.09.87 Bulletin 87/40
Inventor: Billings, Roger Evan, 3420 Pink Hill Circle, Blue Springs Missouri 64015 (US)
Designated Contracting States: AT BE CH DE ES FR GB ITLILUNLSE
Representative: Callewaert, Jean, Brusselsesteenweg 108, B-1900 Overijse (BE)
@ Method and apparatus for electrolyzing water. @ An electrolysis apparatus for electrolysis of water comprises a series of cells (1), each cell (1) including a substantially open porous anode plate (2) and a substantially open porous cathode plate (4) with a solid electrolyte membrane (3) therebetween. First and second flow passages (6 and 12) extend through the cells (1 ), with the first flow passage (6) comprising bores (7, 8 and 9) extending through the centers of the cathode plates (4), the anode plates (2), and the membranes (3), the bores (9) in the cathode plates-being fitted with annular sealing gaskets (11). The second flow passage (12) also comprises bores (13, 14 and 15) extending through the cathode plates (4), the anode plates (2), and the membranes (3), with the bores (13) in the anode plates fitted with annular sealing gaskets (17). A seal (18) is 0 ) (2) being at the outside perimeter of the cathode plate (4), to provided prevent the escape of fluid, containing hydrogen, therefrom. During operation, water is driven into the first flow passage (6). The water diffuses through the anode plate (2) from the central bore (8) and partial electrolysis occurs. Water which reaches an ( 0 outer perimeter of the anode plate (2), without electrolysis, drains from the assembly, providing a means for cooling. Ions formed can migrate to the cathode plate (4), whereat hydrogen gas is formed, the products being evacuated from the apparatus. 0. Ill ACTORUMAG
53 40 43 ,/,/ / /
63 64 4 65 3 73 58 2 41 / / ÂŁA* / \\ J/ \/ l/ l/ M
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0 2 3 9 1 6 9
"Method and apparatus for electrolyzing w a t e r " The present invention relates to e l e c t r o l y z e r s and to electrode
cular to
for
a method
electrolyzer
The been When
10
often
at
one
electric
an
electrode
and
may then be collected, has
been
available
has
been
the
for
i.e.
is advantageous 20
a preferred
by
the
electrolysis
includes
lower
provides
the
thereby
at
cell
least
has
containing acid.
the e l e c t r o d e s , bubbles
oxygen the
at
it
A recent
of
a solid
other.
The
form gases
without
this t e c h n o l o g y , in the
development
membrane
type
substantial
more
maintenance
cost.
of producing
area
material
and
conversion
A solid the
added.
electrolytes
efficient
polymer
need
for
This
generally
electrolyte
at relatively
hydrogen
eliminating
partially
polymer
utilizing
making possible the electrolysis of s u b s t a n t i a l -
yields
capability
form
process
solution
through
them,
equipment,
years.
many
water
since
the
hydrochloric
or
is passed
bubbles
electrolysis
substitution
water,
pure
of
purified and u s e d .
between the two e l e c t r o d e s , ly
hydroxide
between
potential
Commercial 15
use
Generally,
into a water
current
hydrogen
hydrogen
century.
potassium
electrical
an appropriate
applying
producing
last
the
to
material,
by
the
through
by placing electrodes
accomplished
electrolyte
of
technology back
dates
water
water,
electrolyzing
also r e l a t e s
apparatus.
5 of
The invention
for e l e c t r o l y z e r s .
structures
in p a r t i -
also
high p r e s s u r e ,
potentially
expensive
and energy intensive secondary c o m p r e s s o r s . Solid
polymer
(SPE)
electrolytes
been described in the following publications 25
"Solid and
Engineering
Production W.A. Energy
and
With Fickett,
System",
Electrolytes
News,
August
Solid
Polymer
A.P.
;
published
Offer 27,
by
;
Electrolyte
VHI IECEC
to
Hydrogen",
have
Chemical
"Electrolytic
Hydrogen
Technology"
;
Proceedings
American
known and
well
:
Route
1973
are
Gas
;
Fuel
Tigterinton,
and "A H y d r o g e n -
Association,
1973.
As
2
-
indicated of
these
by
sulfonic
acid
water, becomes an excellent results
apparently 5
the
polymer
An
anode
form
sheet,
and
is typically
from
The
sheet
saturated
with
ionic
conductivity
sulfonic
acid
group
on either
side
of
one
positioned
are
when
plastic
of ions, for m o v e m e n t
great mobility
by passing
a solid
which,
polymer
ionic conductor.
the
cathode
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
an SPE
references,
perfluorinated
-
through
to a n o t h e r .
the
and
sheet,
are generally pressed there against to form the desired SPE c e l l . devices
Electrolysis in 10
U.S.
anode and
Patents
Nos.
plates
have,
grooves.
This
and
4.056,452 least
at
on
generally
such an SPE cell are d e s c r i b e d
utilizing
In
4,210,511. of
one
their
the
makes
these
sides,
anode
alternating
plates
the
devices,
ridges
since
costly,
the
grooves are relatively expensive to f a b r i c a t e . Further, No. 15
these
4,210,511,
for supporting of the
ter
have
required
Patent
back-up
rings
that are used to seal the outer p e r i m e -
to prevent
the
Typically,
of U.S.
electrolyzer
systems
outer seal members and
in the
example
conventional
cathodes
therefrom.
for
as
of water
escape
containing
rings have been machined
back-up
hydrogen
from
fiber-
glass or similar m a t e r i a l s and have thus been relatively e x p e n s i v e . With such conventional 20
there
tus,
have
been
problems
electrolyzers
with
or electrolyzing a p p a r a -
rupturing
during
causing severe damage to the cell and substantial downtime.
25
pressure
within
back-up
rings.
in
conventional
such
rings,
in
order
is desired,
the
cell
cause
may
In addition,
these
in the
will
tend
In p a r t i c u l a r ,
relatively
tolerances
fabrication When
sealing.
proper
tolerances
tight
tight
very
especially
achieve
to
usually
cells,
of the
rupturing
to
sometimes
use,
be
must of the
a large
make
expensive
the
used
back-up
diameter
cell
back-up
rings
one of the more expensive parts of the c e i l . Therefore to 30
provide
an
improved
of
objects
the
electrolyzer
or
invention
present electrolysis
are
apparatus
: which
is generally more reliable and preferably less costly than normal e l e c t r o l y of
zers
the for
means
prior
such to
art
supplying
fluid and products 35
the
alternating
to provide
liquid
formed
an e l e c t r o l y z e r have
;
for
to
at the use
grooves
an e l e c t r o l y z e r
the
anode
wherein and
anode
and
plates
and cathode the
ridges
anode therein
which for
plates to
improved
withdrawing ;
are
plates ;
has
to p r o v i d e
not
provide
required a new
3
-
for
electrolysis
oxygen
therefrom,
method and
apparatus to
likely 5
and
relatively well
particularly
10
to to
manufacture,
and
substantial
damage
provide to
less from
such
an
use
and
which
is
;
and,
to
thereof
apparatus
to e f f e c t .
will b e c o m e
invention
of this taken
in connection
forth
by
set
are
generally
usages
advantages
wherein
electrolysis
new
easy and inexpensive
descriptions,
following
a
hydrogen
apparatus
simple
proposed
which is relatively
drawings,
accompanying
and
subject
the
of
utilization
;
to produce
water,
method
less
for
objects
the
from
apparent
including
apparatus
to
adapted
Other
a
generally
such a method
provide
such
easy
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
the
through
conventional
than
is
of a liquid
provide
rupture
rupturing which
to
;
-
the
illustration
of
way
with
and example certain e m b o d i m e n t s of this i n v e n t i o n . An e l e c t r o l y z e r 15
may
comprise
Each
cell
20
an electrode
in
together
membrane
separating
same
is positioned
for
effective
between adjacent cells In the 25
as
unit,
made
which
in
series.
arranged
up of an anode which
membrane,
plate,
preferably
are
the anode and cathode
between
plates, wherein
embodiments
In
solid
the
Generally,
relationship.
which have been a s s e m b l e d positioned
preferably
are
plates
separator
electrically
a porous, the
On
other
electrolysis
hand,
and cathode
anode
the
embodiments
preferred
titanium.
and
structure
electrolysis.
composed of conductive material, water
cells
is provided
.
from
constructed sintered
of
comprises a plurality of cells
a unitary multi-celled
are
apparatus
plurality
side-by-side
a
electrolyte
as
or
and a solid e l e c t r o l y t e
plate
the e l e c t r o l y z e r
celle
single
comprises
a cathode secured
a
or electrolysis
conductive, the
flow
do not
material,
such
plates,
while
separator
Thus, g e n e r a l l y
are generally non-porous.
products
cell
from
directly
plates
to
cell,
or
each
due to the presence of the separator p l a t e s . In 30
individual open
of,
and
cathode of
and
in contact plates being
flow
passage
first
flow
the
comprises
anode
and
side
capable 35
cell,
porous
with
accordance
being
preferably
passage
plates
a solid
composed
permeated
by
of
single
a
elements which
electrically such
as
substantially
disposed
on
either
membrane,
the
anode
material
conductive water
concentrically
extending
cell,
(a)
:
are
electrolyte
a liquid
comprising
preferably
invention,
following
cathode with,
the
longitudinally
;
aligned
(b)
a first
bores,
the
the
cell
through
If. -
_
and
also the
plate, in
the
gasket
(c)
;
aligned
the
cell
thus
the
anode
and from
thereto,
parallel
annular
an
the
bores,
and
flow
flow
with
the
15
membrane,
the
membrane
for
in
annular
comprising
longitudinally the
through second plate
(d) sealing
means
at
being
substantially with
fitted
being
the
plate,
passage
preferably
anode
through
cathode
flow
the
series
the
through
and the anode
the
to
applying
certain
that
outer
perimeter
engagement
at
produced
can diffuse
plate
plate the
and w e t t i n g interface
the porous
through
fluid
a liquid
passage
anode
porous
products
flow
first
(f)
;
of
anode
and so that certain products produced at the i n t e r f a c e
of the anode plate, 20
as an
being
side-by-side
radially
so
such
bore
and be carried radially away with the liquid to the outside p e r i m e t e r
plate of
firm
means
the
means
preferably
the
(e) means for securing the cathode plate, m e m b r a -
;
substantially
flowing
;
with
extending
and
passage
cathode
cell,
also
the
the
each
passage
;
of
centers
seal
substantially
bore
gasket
plate 'in
directing
with
membrane
the
first
sealing
anode
of
preferably
extending
of the cathode plate ne
membrane flow
a second
and
plate
the
fitted
being
concentrically
spaced 10
plate
the
and
plate
cathode
sealing 5
anode
through
substantially
extending
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
the
membrane
cathode
and
to the
plate
the
cathode
plate
can
second
flow
passage
;
diffuse
the
through
and (g) means
porous
for applying
a direct current to the cathode and anode p l a t e s . In the are
flat.
relatively
embodiment
preferred
the
Thus,
anode
sides
both
plates
are
of the
anode
relatively
plate
inexpensive
to m a n u f a c t u r e . 25
An provision
of
(a)
anode
and
in
contact
plates 30
at such
cathode
the
the
a separator conductive
a solid
;
cathode
one
the
plate,
which
includes
of
flow
anode
is positioned
of,
the
anode
and
cathode
material,
permeated
passage,
composed
:
following side
being
plate
the
either
conductive
concentrically
the
is
on
disposed
membrane,
is capable
least
plate,
are
invention
present
which
electrically
comprising
or supporting material,
an
plate
(b) at
passage,
that
electrolyte of
the
apparatus
plates
composed
as water
through
cathode
of
statement
electrolysis
with,
evacuation
35
an
being
least
alternate
whereby
by
a liquid
in particular
a product
bores
extending
aligned and
and
the
membrane
;
(c)
of solid non-porous e l e c t r i c a l l y with
one
of
its
sides
in c o n -
5
-
with
the
cathode
an
outside
plate
facing
the
membrane,
of
perimeter
for
holding
the
cathode
an
separator
annular
sealing
for
and
plate
so
certain
that
and
membrane
the
the
cathode
15
method
which cathode
20
25
the
in
cathode
membrane,
of
the
membrane
diffuse
the
through
porous
the
and
oxygen
therefrom,
positioning
a solid
electrolyte
passing
with
of
an
the
membrane, of
the
a preferred
the
electrolysis
the
anode
membrane,
to generate
gas at the anode plate.
the
water
through
toward
through
plate,
of
surfaces plate
generally
a current
opposite
by conveying
anode
the
porous
open
mutually
the
water
and the cathode
use
and
plate
direction
and oxygen
plate
involves
method
or s u p p o r t i n g the
plates c o n t a c t i n g
center a
(c)
and
the anode plate
and between gas at the
the
from
;
securing
and
interface
anode
wetting
which abut
thereof,
perimeter
plate
(a)
porous
(b)
plates,
structure
porous
for
separator
hydrogen
:
and cathode
;
radially
substantially
around
passage.
produce
open
anode
and cathode
anode
an
a membrane
of
sides
the
plate,
gasket
means
plate
can
plate
comprises
generally
between
membrane
to
water,
generally
having
invention also relates to a method for e l e c t r o l y s i s
The instant liquid,
plate
products produced at the i n t e r f a c e
cathode plate to the product evacuation of
of
away with a liquide to an outer p e r i m e t e r
and so that certain
of the anode plate, of
the
side
and (e) fluid flow d i r e c t i n g
;
anode
at
produced
products
and anode plate may be carried 10
the
to wet
a liquid
applying
(d)
;
the
to
the
plate in firm side-by-side series e n g a g e m e n t means
is opposed
plate
anode
membrane,
plate,
that
cathode
perimeter
cathode
the
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
the
of
plate
its
at
means 5
a side
tact
-
hydrogen
Preferably,
apparatus
such
as that described h e r e i n . The show
objects
a part
the
present
of
and
thereof.
features
In some
of
this
specification
invention
while
shown
in
the
to
according
vertical Figure
of the apparatus
invention,
present
cross-section, 2
depicted
is
an
for
exploded
in Figure
1.
with
viewing
cut
portions internal
perspective
thick-
material
instances
of
appara-
away,
and
thereof.
portions
view
and
illustrating
nesses may be shown e x a g g e r a t e d for c l a r i t y . Figure 1 is a side elevational view of an electrolysis tus
35
constitute
embodiments
exemplary
various 30
drawings
a
portion
6
-
detailed
As required, disclosed
are
herein
embodiments died 5
in
are merely
various
embodiments
Therefore,
herein
of the
of the invention
exemplary
forms.
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
to be i n t e r p r e t e d
not
which may be e m b o and
functional
as limiting,
but r a t h e r
details
disclosed
merely
as a basis for the claims and as a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e
are
the d i s c l o s e d
that
structural
specific
invention
present
it is to be understood
however,
;
-
basis for t e a c h i n g
one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in v i r t u a l l y detailed s t r u c t u r e .
any a p p r o p r i a t e l y
1 generally
Figure 10
apparatus
according
to the
apparatus
of Figure
1 comprises
in series
with
another.
embodiments
one
or
electrolysis
The preferred
electrolysis
electrolyzer
invention.
present
el ectrolysis
an
an
depicts
a plurality
of successive
It is foreseen,
however,
that
be made
can
apparatus
cells
1, a l i g n e d
in a l t e r n a t e
with
only
one
cell
therein. Each
15 solid
2,
a
4,
Figure
with
Preferably,
side
of the
1 includes
cells
3 and
membrane
electrolyte 2.
one
the
of
side
one
membrane
of
an an
open
open
porous
the
anode
plate
3, and the
other
side
ne
3 is
sandwiched
between
anode
the
2 and
plate
plate
cathode
plate
2 is in c o n t a c t of the
membrane
That is, the m e m b r a -
3 is in c o n t a c t with one side of the cathode plate k. 20
anode
porous
the
cathode
plate
4, separating s a m e . In anode 25
the
2, cathode
plate
k, and
plate
or disklike
in configuration,
or
However,
edge.
embodiment
preferred
it
with
will
membrane
each
be
described 3 are
and
that
circular
generally
having an outer circular
understood
the
shown,
alternate
perimeter
shapes
may
be used, with appropriate m o d i f i c a t i o n s . the
Preferably, manufactured capable 30
of being
an
random
with
substantially from the
which anode
titanium,
plate
that
2 and
plate
porous
and
cathode
electrically
as
to
form
over
the
whole
so
2 and cathode
cathode
plate
conductive
plate
plate
k are
flow
k are material
By "open porous"
in the plates c o m m u n i c a t e
pores
distributed
anode
2
plate
by a liquid, such as water.
another,
one
equally the
open
permeated
it is to be understood at
35
from
anode
substantially
channels
volume
which
of the
k are made.
manufactured
are
substrate Preferably
from
sintered
according the conventional m e t h o d s . In
an
electrolyzer
such
as
that
depicted
in
Figure
1,
7
-
5
the
1,
outer
It
is again
1 being
noted
that
does
In the
1.
generally
are
preferably the
preferably
not
in
with
titanium.
from 5 are
plates
therethrough,
Figure
configuration,
manufactured
separator
flow
readily
embodiment,
preferred circular
material
conductive
electrically
and
of s e p a r a t o r
by means
separated
5 are
and
periphery, fluid
is
cells
1 is identical
cell
each
1, generally
cell
plates
separator
an that
each
between
positioned
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
of a solid non-porous
5, composed
plates
the
in series,
is connected
cells
of
a plurality
containing
-
non-porous, of
means
by
except
passageways described h e r e i n b e l o w . 10
Referring to Figure between
ed In
this
cell
and
manner,
the
separator
between 15
cells
1,
the
the
next
cathode
the
adjacent
cell.
flow
fluid
inhibit
5 generally
plates
of
by flow channels, again to be described
as directed
1, except
between
specifically plate 2 of
anode
one
k of
plate
cells
successive
two
plate 5 is viewable s a n d w i c h -
1, separator
below. to Figure
Referring nes 3, cathode
with
side-by-side,
k and separator
plates
each
next
The
member.
adjacent
aligned result
1 aligned in s e r i e s .
is a plurality of cells 20
5 are c o n c e n t r i c a l l y
plates
the
abutting
2, m e m b r a -
the anode plate
1, generally
to
Referring
the
1,
Figure
electrolysis
includes
apparatus
at least two flow passages therein, which generally p e n e t r a t e , l o n g i t u d i n a l l y , through the different successive cells 1 from one end of the e l e c t r o l y z e r or electrolysis
the
embodiment 2^
3째
generally
numeral
6
designates
through
the
centers,
first
passage
8, 9 and 5.
plates with 11,
a
Bores
10.
flow
is
plates
from
formed
7 are
in the
formed
bore
means,
a preferably
9 of in
the
non-porous
or similar m e m b e r .
each
the
the
anode
concentrically
embodiment
plates
shown
formed
from
reference extends the The
5. bores
2, bores
8 in t h e
7,
10 in the s e p a r a t o r
annular an
2,
plates
aligned
k, Figure
plate
another
one
plates
separator
anode
preferred
preferably
plates k and bores
cathode
member
of
each
k and
of
Generally,
which
passage of
respectively, 6
another.
one
3, bores 9 in the cathode The
seal
to
In the
thereof.
independent
are
passages
first
a
opposite end
the
parallel
cathode
3,
membranes
-"
the
membranes flow
flow
two
extend
and
to
apparatus
2, is p r o v i d e d sealing
O-ring
gasket
type
seal
â– 8 "
to
Referring includes
a second
is parallel from 5
flow
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
1, the
Figure
12, which
passage
in the
to the other.
one end of the apparatus
generally
apparatus
embodiment
preferred
6 and generally
to the first flow passage
the second flow passage
electrolysis
extends
longitudinally
In the preferred e m b o d i m e n t
12 is formed from c o n c e n t r i c a l l y
aligned bores
13,
14, 15 and 16 which extend through each of the anode plates 2, m e m b r a n e s 3,
cathode
In the that 10
membranes they the
outer
and
of each
4.
is,
That
each
a circumferential 19 and
manufactured while
Thus, and 25
a direct
outer
20,
a
used
as
the
current
end
(D.C.)
5, r a t h e r
perimeter they
The
areas
bore
of
13 of e a c h
annular
sealing
as an
O-ring.
such such
as
18,
O-rings
cathode
annular
2,
through
pass
of each
an
assembled the
end
ring
plate
18 a r o u n d
19 and
conductive,
end
two
20 a r e
material.
the end plates are c o n d u c t i v e connections.
19 and
plates
between
plates
electrically electrical
potential
plates
means
1 are
flow t h e r e t h r o u g h , for
separator
or edge
Preferably
terminii
plates
1.
non-porous,
fluid cannot
anode
material
sealing
cells
1.
Figure
16 are e c c e n t r i c ,
specifically
means,
respectively.
the
outer
4 includes
plate
of
or plate.
perimeter
of
plurality
1, preferably
Figure
2,
Figure
5,
15 and
described,
a sealing
area thereof Figure
from
be
may
seal
from
cathode
The
20 plates
the
the
to
Alternately
with
to
Referring surrounds
close
membrane
2, formed
generally
centers
plates.
2 is provided
17, Figure
gasket
the
relatively
periphery
plate
13, 14,
4 and immediate
plates
plates
separator
the bores
through
pass
positioned
membranes
anode 15
not
3, cathode
are
these
do
they
intermediate
embodiment,
preferred is
4 and
plates
20 are of
by means
each
Referring
to
connected
to
electrical
an
such as wires 21 and 22, each of which is fixed to a lug,
conductor
respectively lugs
33 and 34. Referring 30
21 to end
plate
19, whereas
wire
22 to end
plate
20.
and into,
lug
34 is shown received
but
not
Preferably, lug
34,
a
while
19, by the
completely relative a source
lug 33.
Lug
of
through, less
conductor
lug 34 is used to anchor
conductor
33 is shown
in bore
positive
33 is used
to anchor
2, lugg
or wire or
35
to Figure
34'.
end
The bores plates
voltage
is
positive
voltage
This is indicated
received 19
applied
by means
bore
33'
33' and 34' e x t e n d
and to
within 20 end
is applied
respectively. plate to
end
20
by
plate
of the (+) and (-) symbols
9
-
is passed
1.
cells
the
potential
voltage 1.
theoretically,
Therefore,
theoretical 10
the
across
applied it
However,
the
across
the
15
of
first
Referring 20
end
respectively
for
may,
example,
the
be
rubber
the each
poten-
19 and
variations for
20. may
its
conductive titanium.
from
embodiment
37 and 38 r e s p e c t i v e l y , each
of
end
electrically
electrically with
39,
plates
from
plate,
insulating
37 and 38, and the a d j a c e n t
plates The
reasons
respectively
plate,
preferred
outside
Preferably
the flange
respectively.
of
20 is separated
1, in the
20.
20
anode
plates
manufactured
36 are
Figure
and
between
and
19
plates
19
cells,
non-porous, e l e c t r i c a l l y
against
pressure
plates
are provided
means end
direct
to
ten
especially
includes a flange plate,
each end of the e l e c t r o l y z e r positioned
25
to
again
and
of an i n t e r m e d i a t e
35 and
plates
end
instances
some
19 and
plate
1 by means
Preferably
and
of c e l l s
(1/10) of the voltage
embodiment, end
each
contains
the
The
3.
series
the
cathode
2 and
plate
20 to end p l a t e
end plate across
series
1 are i d e n t i c a l .
plates 35 and 36, of corrosion resistant, material.
from
in
that
preferred
end cell
adjacent
membrane
between
electrolyzer
corrosion,
inhibiting
the
the
be developed, especially if not all cells In
of
electrolyzer
between
be' understood
will
anode
equal to one-tenth
cell will be approximately tial
the
example,
potential
voltage
the
divided
evenly
the
through
between
by means
current
a
apparatus
20, and thus
electrolyzer
generally for
if,
passes
cell,
1.
Figure
electrolysis
19 and
current
4 of each
plate
the
end plates
Generally,
cathode
19 is,
the
between
of
operation
During
5
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
at opposite ends of the e l e c t r o l y z e r ,
located
of
-
means
insulating
appropriate
apertures
cut
therein. again
Referring the 30
37
membrane
3,
of
the
2,
cathode
The The
tie
through plates
between bolts
37 and
38.
and
38
the
flanges
41
other
4 and
2, 37
and
of a generally spaced
The tie
around
bolts
greater for 5,
than
by
conventional the
outer
40 are secured
the
positioned means
tie
construction portions by nuts
plates
therebetween. are
of
of
diameter
anode
exemple
5, respectively, 38,
diameter
the
preferably
plates, plates
separator
plates
1,
Figure
is substantially
the
3 and
40 are
openings
and
4 and
plates
membranes
together
35
plates
flange
to
of
all
pressed
bolts
40.
and e x t e n d the
flange
42, which e n a b l e
">
-
37 and 38 to be urged toward one another upon t i g h t e n i n g .
the flange plates leads
This
to
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
-
a secure
of
compressing
rubber
the
and
the
housing
43,
39,
plates
various sealing gaskets, within the e l e c t r o l y z e r . the
In 5
of
is
1,
Figure cells
embodiment
preferred
positioned the
1 between
around
the
flange
plates
a
cylindrical and
apparatus
contains
and
38.
first
flow
37
series
the the
Preferably
bolts
40 extend outside of this housing 43. to
Referring from 10
all of the
through at
intermediate
the
the
with
1, and through
to connecting
means
The
end . of the e l e c t r o l y z e r . provided with means by which
preferably not
is associated
opposed
shown,
be
can
attached.
Thus,
one end
end
of the
44
means
conduit
19,
plate
44, p r o v i d e d
connecting
a water
6 extends
passage
35 which
plate
cells
the
1,
Figure
is
or c o n d u c t o r ,
flow
6 can
passage
be readily c o n t a c t e d by a water source, not shown, by means of c o n n e c t i n g 15
44,
means ends
whereas
the
abuts,
the
and
at,
other
end
the
of
intermediate
flow 35
plate
6 preferably
passage the
at
end
opposite
of
the e l e c t r o l y z e r .
20
In the p r e f e r r e d
embodiment
the
terminates
cells
1 and
intermediate 19.
The
end
of
flow
passage flow
abuts
by end p l a t e
closed with
12 c o m m u n i c a t e s
through
5', which
plate
35 at the end of the e l e c t r o l y z e r
plate
other
end separator
adjacent
12 extends
flow passage
the second
the
exterio
of the e l e c t r o l y z e r . 25
30
35,
plate
Thus,
the
first
whereas
the
second
separator
plate
51,
separator
plate
5',
and
the
and
cathode
to bore 5',
as
passage
plates
referred
two
shown
in
Figure
2.
to
as
a
is that
cells,
5 has been
plate
the
end
between
the
end
"supporting
The
provided result
no
plate",
the
5, positioned between
plates
successive
and
bore
analogous
in end separator
is that
second
the
anode plate flow
12 is somewhat shorter than the first flow passage 6.
in connecting that
of
difference
major
intermediate
at
12 t e r m i n a t e s
passage
The
1.
separator
16 in separator clearly
flow
alternatively
intermediate
The 35
Figure
6 terminates
passage
open
means
is substantially
end
of
45, Figure adjacent
the
second
flow
passage
12
terminates
1, provided at the end of the e i e c t r o l y z e r to end plate
20.
Preferably
end c o n n e c t i n g
11
-
45 includes
means
for
means
-
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
connection
a conduit
to
or fluid
conduct,
the
adjacent
not shown. In rubber 5
bores
associated
the
or
of bores,
46, 47 and 48, through
38
A second
6.
20, rubber
of
set
to
embodiment,
preferred end
seal
the
between
an
series
20, rubber
39 and f l a n g e
and
20
the
second
44,
and
flow
51,
through
45
and
a
44
the
and
bore
25
for
material central flow
bore
embodiment,
end
of 30
the
flange
45
free
end 38,
plate
invention
the
the
to the
opening
in
a counter
are
made
preferably not
conduits,
of
passages
each
insert
is threaded,
as
of
means a
both
comprising
appropriate
an
each
has
a
with the c o r r e s p o n d i n g
6 and
In the
12.
44 and
thereto,
preferred
extends
45, which
by reference
shown
of
45
the c o n n e c t i n g
and
shown,
which c o m m u n i c a t e s flow
the
wherein
bore,
inserts
The
36.
plate
a tight
56,
out
so t h a t
in a r e l a t i v e -
fashion.
indicated
anode
plates
above,
in
the
2, membranes
19 and
preferred 3, cathode
intermediate
embodiment plates 35 and
37 and 38 and rubber plates 39 are all generally circular. embodiment
20,
they
are
not
plates all
of
the
of
the
4, s e p a r a t o r
plates
plates
preferred
52,
connecting
5, end
the
end
means
connecting
plates for
the
when
36,
plate
a fluid conduit or conductor may be readily a t t a c h e d As
in
plate 36.
similar
disposed
fluid
to
respectively
ly quick disconnect
35
and
55 t h e r e t h r o u g h , the
plate
44, so as to provide
intermediate
12 is generally
connection
passages,
end
The f l a n g e d
53 of
portion
embodiment,
intermediate 44
means
connecting
flow
flanged
46, 47 and 48.
of insert
face
a flanged
the
first
44,
means
sealing ring provides also a liquid and gas tight seal between means
set
are aligned g e n e r a l l y
having
of openings
preferred
passage
includes
the
with
connecting
insert,
a counter
inner
insert
the
plate
coaxial
end plate 20 is pressed against the i n t e r m e d i a t e In
first
of
A sealing ring 54 is provided within an a p p r o p r i a t e
in the
space
comprises with
46 in the end plate 20. receiving
1,
fitted
is snugly
52
the
Figure
in the
is positioned
which
sets
12.
coaxial with the second flow passage Referring
two The
38 respectively,
plate
have
38,
therethrough.
50
49,
20,
plate
plate
generally
bores
39 and flange
plate
flange
end plate
aligned
are
respectively,
end
completely
extending
openings
passage
15
embodiment
preferred
and
39,
plate
plate
10
the
same
36,
flange
However, diameter.
n
'
the
Specifically, slightly
5
in diameter
larger
be
arranged
of
the
side-by-side
membranes
smaller
diameter
have
ably
a
than
the
cathode
anodes
2, so the
beyond
an outer
the
various
plates
opening
63 in the
58 and
the
from
4,
in d i a m e t e r
to Figure
an outer
3 can
periphery
of the
periphery
anode
an inner
exterior
hand,
The separator
than
the
have
a slightly
plates
5 prefer-
cathode
plates
but
4,
than the anode plates 2.
a manner
wall
forming
59 of housing
43 permits
of the
2.
other
1, the cylindrical housing 43 is p o s i t i o n e d
1 in
housing
the
on
diameter
larger
cells
58 between
jacket
43 and
communication
electrolysis
annular
an
for
apparatus,
the
space
or
1.
An
cells
between
the j a c k e t
withdrawing
the cells .1.
fluid
In this manner the electrolysis apparatus can be cooled, through the withdrawal of heated fluid t h e r e f r o m . A seal 57 provided
at
such
each
as
end
60 is
O-ring
of the
housing
located 43.
in an annular
Each
of the
recess
intermediate
plates 35 and 36 has an O-ring 60 associated therewith, positioned b e t w e e n the respective i n t e r m e d i a t e plate 35 or 36, and the This housing 43. aids in preventing fluid from leaking out of the jacket 58. Particular advantages derived are from the of nature
the
separator
plates
means
associated
have 18
around
That
the each
is,
5 and
51 which,
therewith
outside
for
plate
In the p r e f e r r e d plates a 4.
5 and
side
of
The
the
51 each
have
separator
associated
5 and
5'
includes
lip 65 is generally
invention, sealing
cathode
means
for
each gasket
plate
4.
supporting
18 in position.
embodiment, a lip
plate
the
an annular
retaining an
perimeter
separator
to
according
of
the next associated sealing gasket
Figures
65 extending
facing
mounted
the
1 and 2, the s e p a r a t o r
laterally
next
on an outer
associated
35
3 is p r e f e r a b l y
membranes
2, with
plates
than the anode plates
Referring around
30
of the membranes
anode
3 extending
slightly
10
25
diameter
to the
are preferably not g r e a t e r
20
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
plates 2. The
15
'
outwardly
from
cathode
plate
adjacent peripheral
area
of t h e
s e p a r a t o r plate, and may be integral therewith. In the p r e f e r r e d e m b o d i m e n t , the lip 65 is adjacent to the outer p e r i m e t e r of the separator plate 5 or 51, however this is not required. The lip 65, it will be u n d e r stood from Figure 1, fits around the outside of the sealing gasket 18,
generally
trapping
the
sealing
gasket
18
in
position
against
the
outer
13
of the cathode
perimeter
As 5 each each 5
have
bore
16 is bordered
16
intermediate
therein.
by a lip 66 extending
a
means
retaining in
position 5 of
plates for
the
against
bore
9 in
advantage
the
invention,
present
sealing
the
from
outwardly
The lip 66 c o m p r i s e s
annular
sealing
gasket
cathode
associated
the
invention
plate
4.
to the design chosen for the s e p a r a t o r and
in
gaskets
the
holding
A particular retaining
4, is that
for
positioned
the
to
laterally
plates 5 in the same direction as lip 65.
plates
separator
According
the separator 11
10
the
above, bore
a central
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
4.
plate
indicated
-
the
be formed
lips 65 and 66 may
the
with
association
therewith
associated
means
cathode
plates
simultaneously
substantially
during a stamping o p e r a t i o n . It will outside 15
of
the
if a pressure
be
understood
annular
sealing
is created
that
the
cathode
the
electrolysis
for
Further, 20
plates
5 and
gasket
18 may
membrane
51 are be
25
the
hydrogen,
the
annular
containing
flowing
58.
jacket will
hydrogen,
will
cathode
to flow
plates
2 are
separator
dimension.
each
4,
plates 5 or
plate,
5',
and
the
In this m a n n e r will
4,
plates
in the
fluid
Rather,
tend
the
the risk that any fluid c o n t a i n -
reduce
the
through
or
space
a separator
18 is of appropriate
18 substantially
when
cathode
adjacent
against
between
3, if the gasket
ing
k,
hydrogen
invention
present
embodiment,
preferred
pressed
pressed
the sealing gaskets
plate
resistant to rupture during use.
be relatively
generally
the
to
according
apparatus
cathode
18 in place against the p r e s s u r e .
gas, the lip 65 will tend to hold the gasket Thus,
the
4 by produced
plate
to t h e
65 extends
lip
around
18,
gasket
inside
the
since
cathode
flow passage
into
into
escape plate
4,
12, as d e s c r i b e d
below. The metal 30
such
substrate,
Preferably
the
preferably
between
is important,
35
anode porosity
from
way,
plate
2, outwardly
plate
2.
happens
It
has
without
central
through been any
preferred
the
in an
directions,
a sintered
porous
structure.
80 percent,
The
most
porosity
in a substantially
homoge-
entire
volume
unexpected so
and
substantial
in the center
13 provided
that,
open
30 and
diffusion,
substantially
found
an
50 percent.
liquid bore
have
about
and
40
it enables
the
neous
is between
about
since
and
titanium,
as
of
composed
preferably
that
way, it
is
of the a n o d e of the the not
anode
diffusion necessary
1*
-
to
provide the
through which 5
the
adjacent
membrane
of the anode 10
a
leads
to
anode
of a structure
in
including
advantages,
numerous
flow
liquid of the
interface
at the
The utilization
3.
membrane
of
distribution
regular
: First,
and
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
especially
avoided
be
may
the following each
2, and
plate
grooves
a
obtaining
anode
2 with
plate
for
grooves
-
that
3, cell
higher
the
forms
2.
plates
with
a lower current less
possibly
of one
density is
electricity
used
in the cost of g e n e r a t i n g
This results in a relative decrease
by each cell 1.
material,
is in contact
is, generally, that
so
efficiency,
membrane
the
electrolyte,
there
Thus,
of
surface
complete
a
hydrogen. since
Secondly, 2
be
can
fabrication 15
the is
to make
the
anode
also,
results
in
which,
thickness
about
between
anode
the
of
the
sides,
lowering
considerably
plates
2.
plates
2 much
Also,
a substantial 2
plates
and
millimeters
0.5
required, by
thinner
cost the
for
avoiding
the
grooves,
savings.
Preferably,
preferred
embodiment with
1.5 millimeters,
about
plates
in p r e v i o u s
than
anode plates being about 0,6 to 1.0 millimeters
most p r e f e r r e d
the
in t h i c k n e s s
however other sizes may be u s e d .
20
Another substrate, to
good
is the
cooling
of
anode the
2, is generally
plates
described
anode a
plates
catalyst
2,
the
which
coating,
embodiment
preferred contacts
such
as
the
least
at
3, may
preferably
platinum,
leading
substantial
hot
easy m e t h o d
plates.
membrane
the
of
uniform,
leads to a relatively
of connection of a liquid inlet to the e l e c t r o l y t e In
quite
formation
1 without
cells
the construction
liquid diffusion within the s i n t e r e d
is that
advantage
that
Also,
spots. 25
both
on
anode
the
of
costs
it is possible designs
flat
substantially
anode
not
are
grooves
in
of
surface be
with
treated so
a manner
the that
the anode plates 2 retain their p o r o s i t y . 30
35
Referring electrolyzer,
to produce
is as follows
:
in
to
particular
hydrogen
and oxygen under
Water
is
passage
6, through
the
diffuses
into the various anode plates
in each anode plate 2.
introduced insert
Figure
1, the
according
to the
the
invention, flow
into
the
first
by arrow
67.
The w a t e r
pressure
44, as indicated
of
operation
2 from the central
bores 7 provided
This is indicated generally by arrows 68.
Generally,
~15~
in this anode
so
plates
2.
plates
2 and
It
is
The water
its
that
from
radially
and
structure,
porous
the
entire
substantially
wet
also
to the interface
diffuses
membranes
adjacent
noted
from
to
as
is conveyed
water
2 through
plate
perimeter, 5
the
manner,
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
is
water
3,
so
generally
the first flow passageway
to
as
the
outwardly
toward
volume
the
of
69 between the
wet from
prevented
6 into the cathode
of e a c h
center
its
anode
the a n o d e
membranes
3.
directly
diffusing
4 by the s e a l i n g
plates
rings 11. The 10
of
the
apparatus, it
fluid
flow
is noted
that
between
referred when
two
the
directing
a seal
end
plate
the
various
19 and end cells
to provide ions
the
to
70,
25
under
by arrow from
72.
into
flowing
mixture
is prevented
of the sealing including 30
rings
flow
product
of
11.
passage the
effective between
is e l e c t r o l y z e d
water
the
ions
the
;
in
the
cathode
and hydrogen the
3,
58 by
the
indicated 4, the
flow
passage
12, as i n d i c a t e d
plate
38, as i n d i c a t e d
and hydrogen
gas is p r e v e n t e d
flange
seals
outer
18.
Finally, water from the cathode is
therein, and
12,
electrolysis,
by
thus
Further,
sealing
ring
k, possibly into
flowing
the
the
6 by m e a n s
plates
from
prevented
contaminating
the
arrow
electrolysis
into the first flow passage
flowing
by
The
The water and h y d r o g e n
the
of water
ions g e n e r a l l y
environment.
plates
69
gas.
second at
as
within
interfaces
at
hydrogen
aqueous
membrane
At the
jacket
from
is usually
flow. of
ions
into
dissolved
oxygen
second
the
is e v a c u a t e d
the
prevent
is produced
the mixture
Again,
generally
current
water
71, and
arrows
action
means".
2 0, an e l e c t r i c a l
<f.
pressure,
to
porous
directing
potential
through
producing
act
and
electric
hydrogen
plates
seals
portions
an
hydronium
cathode
flows,
by the
of
charge
is completed gas
and
gas
form
transmit
plate
to
sealing
application
1, so that
oxygen
the
taking 20
the
Through
through
as a "flow
is said
the
members,
flow
of passages,
to herein
regardless of the direction of a t t e m p t e d 15
fluid
by interaction
generally
is generally
membranes, Also,
for
means
the
hydrogen/water
17 positioned
in e a c h
anode plate 2. Water 35
the
first
flow
or
which
has
that
passage not
been
has 6,
and
been
fed
which
decomposed
to
the
anode
does
not
cross
at
the
interface
plates the 69,
2,
through
membranes is
3,
discharged
- 16 -
at
the
the annular with
anode
of each
perimeter due
oxygen
the
to
2, as indicated
plate
73, into
by arrow
This water, which will have been c h a r g e d
58.
space or jacket
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
electrolysis,
be e v a c u a t e d
may
through
opening
63 in the housing 43, as indicated by arrow 64. of the above s t r u c t u r e ,
As a result
5 tion at
of
relatively
high
with
pressure
and
;
can
be p r o d u c e d
likelihood
of r u p t u r i n g
hydrogen
reduced
generally
fluid flow from
the
Thus,
problems.
1 is possible
cells
assembled
a very compact c o n s t r u c -
45, in the direction of a r r o w
insert
72, can contain a relatively high pressure of h y d r o g e n . 10
the
Further, or no cell the
water
cells
anode
2.
plates
to
possible
embodiments
5
plates annular 25
and
a more
that
such
due
5'
to
will
having
a plate
used
with any metal
inside
platinum
on t h e
coating
reduction
to
in
6 and
passages
as sealing
corrosion
of
the
This m a k e s
the
flow
passages
this
Further,
leakage.
for
12,
gaskets.
inside
pressures
risk
of the be
such
readily as
gasket
18,
anode and
in sealing
advantages
associated
desirable
less
For
apparent.
means
grooved, be
would
described
previously
retaining
conventional,
cost,
little
be
can
inexpensively and e a s i l y .
gasket
sealing
with
lead
flow
high
substantial
Applications modified
in
are
O-rings
accomplished relatively 20
will
above,
relatively
apply
without
12,
or the
metal,
generally,
embodiment,
preferred 6 and
This, indicated
As
15
titanium
for
side r e a c t i o n s .
and e l e c t r o l y t e
it
for
1, except
into contact
to come
or hydrogen
allows
chosen
design
particular
in v a r i o u s
example
separator
used
it
is b e l i e v e d
While
in most
instances,
rupturing
an
in a s s o c i a t i o n
plate.
less
for
therewith,
be
may
invention
especially
conventional
over
systems would generally result from such an a r r a n g e m e n t . Further, to 30
combine
utilizing
retaining
4.
That
is,
be used
invention, 35
back-up
for could
separator
anode
an
for
rings
sealing
it
plate
2,
rather
than
plates.
described
means
retaining the
perimeter
rings
such
with
anode
plates
the
absence
of
the
to
of
a cell
on separator
plates,
the
as fiberglass according
retaining
invention,
with
hereinabove,
back-up
in association in
according
possible,
as
around
rings
conventional example
be
would
cathode
plate
back-up
rings
to the
means
present
mounted
on
- " -
do not necessarily
need to correspond
in the
Generally,
in the e l e c t r o l y z e r shown
plates and m e m b r a n e s
of the cathode
thicknesses
The relative thicknesses
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
drawings.
It will be u n d e r s t o o d ,
that a variety of thicknesses will be o p e r a b l e .
however,
the
In with
the
water
cell,
and
with
and
water 10
of
water,
is,
the
the 15
of
be
the
outlet
gas
mixture,
the
inlet
inlet
of
the
that
in
some
and
membranes
might have a different It the
present
to be limited bed as shown. 25
is
to
be
located
in
Further,
plates.
appropriately
assembly
be
might
with
plates
not
need
of
be
modified
;
for
That
example
than
other
the
at not
might will
It
present
or
diffusion
located.
with
used,
this
area
a ready
centers. the
the
While
passageway
the
applications may
as
a position
to
respect
of
greater
centrally
outlet
the
of
use
circular
the
evacuation
an
well
as
plates,
positioned,
understood
20
anode
of
positioned.
for
especially
passageway
passageway
non-circular
of
and
eccentrically
described
was
center
for
passageway,
preferred,
cathode
eccentrically
the
water
the
in the
located
passageway
be
may
centers
further of
inlet
cell
each
embodiment,
preferred
hydrogen
arrangement volume
thin
relatively
are
they
and can have a thickness of less than 0.5 millimeters. 5
to those r e l a t i v e
be
invention remainder
sealing
rings
shape. understood
be
invention
have
to the specific
been
that
certain
while
illustrated
and
forms or a r r a n g e m e n t
embodiments
described,
it
is n o t
of parts herein d e s c r i -
18
-
-
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
CLAIMS 1. (a) at
least
one
a cathode
cell
electrolysis
plate (3)
(i) each 5
An electrolysis apparatus comprising
of said
an
anode
plates
(2 and
and cathode
having
an
open
(b) a solid
10
cell
electrolysis
(d) first seal means (3)
substantially
in
first
a
between
said
first
(1)
between
;
flow
(6)
passage
extending
; fluid flow c o m m u n i c a t i o n
preventing
flow
cell
said
(6)
passage
and
said
cathode
plate
cell
(1) having
a second
flow
(12) e x t e n d i n g
passage
; (f) second seal means (17) substantially preventing fluid flow c o m m u n i c a t i o n between
said
anode
(2)
plate
and
seal means (4),
plate
to
associated
with
substantially
said outer fluid
prevent
second
flow
passage
(h) fluid
flow
cell
(1)
into
said
directing via
said
open
providing
fluid
flow passage
(6)
means first
anode
porous
(2)
plate
of said c a t h o d e
perimeter flow
cathode plate (4) along said outer p e r i m e t e r
(6)
said
;
(g) third
thereof flow and
from
from
outwardly and
;
into
said
said
electrolysis fluid
permitting said
first
fluid
flow
flow
flow
passage
;
(i) said
fluid
directing said
throughout
30
an o u t e r
generally longitudinally t h e r e t h r o u g h
(12)
25
4) having
;
directly
20
having
(11) substantially
(e) said electrolysis 15
(1)
generally longitudinally t h e r e t h r o u g h directly
and
by a liquid
each of said anode and cathode plates (2 and 3) (c) said
(2)
plate
structure
porous
, such as water ; electrolyte m e m b r a n e (3) positioned
permeable
anode
including
;
and
perimeter
(1)
:
means
anode
plate
directed
through
said
(4),
with
portion
and
a
permitting (2) with
membrane of
a portion
(3)
said
and
fluid
into
of said anote plate (2) along an outer p e r i m e t e r (ii) said
fluid
said
anode
plate
(4),
directing plate into
means (2)
said
out of said electrolysis
and
further
cell (1)
flow ;
(3)
passage
fluid
cathode
flow plate
directed
outwardly
thereof
;
permitting
membrane
second
of said said
flow
substantially
fluid
through (12)
flow
said
from
cathode
therefrom,
and
19
-
(i) whereby
when
cathode
plates
stream first 5
carried
10
electrolysis, said
(1)
hydrogen
cell
by
means
flow
fluid
of
cathode from
cathode
said flow
second
said
(4), during
plate
said
removed
anode
said
from
at
into
and,
;
formation
being
generally
gas
gas
partial
gas g e n e r a l l y (1) by fluid flow
communication
(3) to said
said
oxygen
electrolysis
electrolyte
membrane
said
generates
hydrogen
cell
and
flow
fluid
(2) through
plate
said
said
of
(2) whereat
plate
gas,
oxygen
from
outwardly
anode
a water
:
means
by
from said anode plate (2) outer p e r i m e t e r
outwardly (j) whereby
forming
occur
may
said
(1)
cell
electrolysis
into
and
water
comprises
and
anode
said
between
applied fluid
said
said
into (6),
passage
electrolysis being
fed
is
current 3) and
(2 and
be
may flow
a direct
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
-
plate,
electrolysis passage
(12)
and outwardly of said electrolysis a p p a r a t u s . 15
(a) said anode plate (2), cathode ly circular (b) said
:
(3) are s u b s t a n t i a l -
plate (4) and membrane
; flow
first
(6) extends
passage
anode plate (2), cathode
(12) extends
centers
through
generally
(3)
plate (4) and m e m b r a n e
flow passage
(c) said second 20
1, wherein
according to claim
An electrolysis apparatus
2.
and
;
parallel
generally
of said
to, and s p a c e d
from, said first flow passage (6). 3. wherein (a) said
An
electrolysis
claim
to
according
apparatus
1 or
2,
: anode
plate
of between about 30 and 80 % 25
k.
An electrolysis
1 to 3, wherein
metal
(2) is a sintered
substrate
a. p o r o s i t y
having
; apparatus
to
according
anyone
of c l a i m
:
(a) a side of said anode plate
(2) facing
(3) is s u b s t a n t i a l l y
said m e m b r a n e
flat. An electrolysis
5. 30
(a) said
anode
plate
(2)
apparatus
is between
about
according 0.5
k wherein
to claim
and
about
:
1.5 m i l l i m e t e r
thick. An electrolysis
6. 2 to 5, including (a) a 35
housing
drainage
apparatus
according
to
anyone
of c l a i m s
:
(43) jacket
surrounding for
receipt
said of
electrolysis fluid
from
cell said
(1) outer
and
forming
perimeter
a of
20
-
-
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
said anode plate (2). 7.
An electrolysis
1 to 6 wherein (a) said 5
: seal
third
(i) said cathode
a 10
thereof
side
(2)
periphery
with
perimeter
sealing
15
flowing
means
(65)
thereon
said
on
perimeter
sealing
plate
plate
(4) that
faces
an
outer
having
cathode
said
engaging
against
same
said
is
substantially (4)
plate
prevented
outer
from by
perimeter
and,
j
sealing gasket (18) is held s u b s t a n t i a l l y
plate (5).
An electrolysis
means
cathode
retaining
p e r i m e t e r sealing gasket (18)
8.
said
;
cathode
said cathode p e r i m e t e r
20
with
(5)
plate for
and
hydrogen said
from
in place by said s e p a r a t o r (a) said
separator
(18)
of
;
positioned
and
cathode
said
gasket
containing
outwardly
said cathode (c) whereby
;
the
plate (4) outer p e r i m e t e r
fluid
(b) whereby
of
side
a
surrounding
fluid flow therefrom
non-porous
facing
a side
(3)
membrane
cathode
being
generally
is opposite
that
said
(5)
plate
(18) substantially
gasket
and preventing
outer p e r i m e t e r
separator
gasket
sealing
perimeter
;
sealing
perimeter
said cathode
a cathode
includes
means
(18) and a s e p a r a t o r plate (5)
(ii) said
of c l a i m s
to anyone
according
apparatus
(18)
gasket
(5)
plate
separator
in
to claim
according
apparatus
for
retaining
comprises
position
7 wherein
:
said
cathode
lip
member
a
(65) on an outer periphery of said separator plate (5). 9. 25
(a) a plurality
An electrolysis apparatus comprising of
cells
electrolysis
(1),
cell
each
of said anode and
perimeter
and cathode
having
an
porous
permeable by a liquid, such as water 30
least
one
solid
between
said
anode
(ii) at
cell (1) (b) retaining in a series 35
electrolyte plate
(3)
plate
;
(2) and (4) having an o u t e r
plates
open
an anode
having membrane
(2), a cathode plate (^) and a solid e l e c t r o l y t e (i) each
:
structure
substantially
;
membrane
(2) and said
(3)
cathode
being plate
positioned (4) of e a c h
;
means
for
supporting
said
plurality
of
electrolysis
cells
;
(c) said series of electrolysis cells having a first flow passage (6) e x t e n d i n g
21
-
longitudinally
generally
(d) first seal means W 5
said
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
therethrough
(11) substantially
between
directly
-
first
;
flow
cathode
(e) said
cells
electrolysis
between
directly (12)
a second
(1) having
said
anode
(12) e x t e n d i n g
flow passage
; preventing fluid flow c o m m u n i c a t i o n second
flow
perimeter
of
said
(2) and
plates
seal
said
said
with
associated
means
cathode
from
(4),
plates
cathode
adjacent
plates (k) cells
electrolysis
flow
cell
(1) via said
first
fluid
prevent outer by
except
outwardly thereof
perimeters of
means
said
first
fluid
flow
into
passage (6) by permitting
each
fluid
flow directing said
throughout flow and of
directed
being into
said
fluid
flow
fluid
from (12)
flow
thereof
;
(i)
and
cathode
plates
(4),
and
:
by means (2)
plates a
water
of
said
whereat
oxygen cells
of
out
ultimately
said
with said
(3)
second
said
fluid
material
(3)
a portion
anode
plates
fluid
flow
through
said
permitting
membranes into
said
flow
passage
electrolysis
cells
;
and cathode
35
(2)
(j) whereby when an e l e c t r i c a l water
of
further
means
directing
and
and
outwardly
said
;
of
membrane ;
into
flow s u b s t a n t i a l l y
portion
directed
plates
therefrom,
a
(4)
plates
anode
said
associated
30
flow
with
adjacent
cathode
(2) along outer p e r i m e t e r s (ii) said
(2)
plates
being
fluid
permitting
through
associated fluid
means
anode
and
electrolysis
open porous anode plates (2) from said first flow passage (6) (i) said
;
; and
providing
flow
flow
of
each
fluid flow directly b e t w e e n
preventing
(1)
means
directing
outer
said
along
second flow passages (6 and 12) (i) fluid
said
to substantially
(h) separator means (5) substantially
25
passage
;
(g) third
20
plates
;
(f) second seal means (17) substantially
15
said
(6) and
passage
generally longitudinally t h e r e t h r o u g h
10
fluid flow c o m m u n i c a t i o n
preventing
gas (1)
by
(2 and k), of each stream first
partial
flow
may
fluid
being flow
be
passage
electrolysis
generally said
potential
may
carried
is
applied
between
said
anode
cell (1), and said fluid c o m p r i s e s fed
into
said
electrolysis
and
into
said
(6), occur
forming
outwardly
outwardly
from
from said
anode
oxygen
gas,
cells, plates said
said
electrolysis
outer
perimeters
22
-
of said anode plates (2) (2),
plates (4) 5
cathode said
hydrogen (1)
cells
electrolysis
into
hydrogen
gas
(3),
generates
said
(4),
plates
and
membranes
electrolysis
during
communication
electrolyte
said
through
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
and
;
and
flow
fluid
(k) whereby
-
of
means
by
said
cathode
plates at
said
removed
from
into
flow
fluid
anode
formation being
generally
gas
said
from
said
second
flow passage (12) and outwardly of said electrolysis a p p a r a t u s . 10. An electrolysis apparatus according to claim 9 wherein : (a) said 10
anode
(2), cathode
plates
stantially circular (b) said
flow
first
(3) are
(4) and m e m b r a n e s
plates
sub-
; (6) extends
passage
generally
anode plates (2), cathode plates (^) and m e m b r a n e s (3) (12) extends
(c) said second flow passage
of said
centers
through
and
;
parallel to, and s p a c e d
generally
from, said first flow passage (6). 15 (a) at
least
11.
An electrolysis apparatus comprising
one
electrolysis
plate (4)
a cathode
said
(i) e a c h o f
(1)
(b) a solid
anode
plates
(2 and
and cathode an
having
(c) said
cell
electrolysis
(1)
generally
longitudinally
including
a
a second
bore
first
plates (2 and 4)
bore
having
a
(7)
;
(8) extending
said
(d) first seal means (11) substantially 30
(4)
said
between
first
flow
said
first
seal
means
an
comprising
in said first flow passage third bore (7) electrolysis
cell
(1) having
a second
generally longitudinally t h e r e t h r o u g h 35
anode
extending
passage
(6)
plate
(2),
(3) and
a third
;
fluid flow c o m m u n i c a t i o n
(6)
and
said
cathode
plate
;
(i) said (e) said
(6)
flow
first
preventing passage
(1) b e t w e e n
cell
membrane
said
through
substantially
passage
through
extending
an o u t e r
;
flow
first
therethrough
4) having
in said
bore (9) extending through said cathode plate (4) directly
and
;
(3) positioned
membrane
electrolyte
(2)
plate
structure
porous
open
each of said anode and cathode
25
an
permeable by a liquid, such as water
20
anode
including
;
and
perimeter
cell
:
(f) second
seal
means
substantially
O-ring
seal
(11)
positioned
; flow
passage
(18) e x t e n d i n g
;
preventing
fluid
flow
communication
23
-
between
directly (g) third
seal
cathode 5
said anode (17)
means (4),
plate
said
cathode
seal
means
plate
said
cathode
perimeter
said
cathode
outer
cathode that 15
cathode
outer
sealing
;
said
outwardly
from
said
third
thereof
sealing
gasket and
;
(18)
gasket
substantially
substantially
with
(4)
that
a side
and
surrounding
preventing
fluid
and
being
with
perimeter
(3)
means (66) mounted
the
thereon
and
gasket
of
for
of
cathode
the plate
(5) having
plate
separator
(65)
a side
facing
a side said
;
means
sealing
non-porous
thereof
is opposite
said m e m b r a n e periphery
substantially
said cathode plate (4) outer p e r i m e t e r (h) retaining
of
perimeter
flow
perimeter
perimeter
(5) being
plate
plate
outer
an
fluid
prevent
perimeter
positioned
faces
outer
(12)
;
separator
generally
said
flow passage
;
(i) said
(ii) said
with
cathode
a
plate (5)
flow therefrom 10
associated
along
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
and said second
plate
to substantially
including
a separator
-
said
engaging
supporting
same
against
and
;
on said separator
plate (5) for s u p p o r t i n g
said first seal means (11) in position. 12. 20
according to claim
apparatus
11 wherein :
(a) said means on said separator plate for engaging said cathode p e r i m e t e r sealing
supporting
comprises
said separator (b) said
and
gasket
perimeter
25
An electrolysis
plate (5)
retaining
a central
a
means
lip ;
said
against
member
(65)
on
cathode
an
outer
plate
outer
periphery
of
mounted
on
and
comprises
of said
portion
same
annular
an
separator
and
plate
(66)
ring
oriented
to retain
said
first seal means (11) in position. 13.
An electrolysis
apparatus
comprising
:
(a) at least one electrolysis cell including an anode plate (2) and a c a t h o d e plate (4) 30
(i) each
; of said
perimeter
(b) a 35
solid
and
cathode
(2 and
4) having
plate (4) having an open porous structure
by a liquid, such as water
electrolyte
membrane
each of said anode and cathode (c) said electrolysis
plates
an o u t e r
;
(ii) said cathode permeable
anode
(3)
substantially
;
positioned
plates (2 and 4)
in
said
cell
between
;
cell having a first flow passage (6) extending g e n e r a l l y
24
-
longitudinally t h e r e t h r o u g h conduit
(d) an evacuation
5
(4)
flow
communication
; said
into
seal
between
directly W
outer
plate
fluid
flow
outer
perimeter
flow
first
between
said fluid
preventing (6)
passage
means
said
including plate (5)
anode
plate
and
communication
said
cathode
plate
outer plate
is opposite
membrane with
(3)
(18)
gasket
perimeter
plate
(4)
plate
outer
sealing
said
along
perimeter (18)
gasket
and
sealing gasket (18) substantially s u r r o u n d i n g and
substantially
fluid
preventing
; (5)
being
generally a side
the
positioned
being
a side of said cathode
facing
of
and
non-porous cathode
plate
(4) facing
plate
said
said separator plate (5) having an outer p e r i p h e r y
;
thereon
means
cathode
perimeter
perimeter
a side thereof
(4) that
said
preventing
;
separator
with
(18) substantially
cathode
cathode
a
flow directly t h e r e f r o m (ii) said
from said
;
perimeter
cathode
seal means
outwardly
thereof
(i) said cathode
20
without
substantially
;
perimeter
directly
a separator 15
interface
substantially
said
cell
said c a t h o d e
;
(f) cathode
-seal
(11)
means
for fluid flow from
electrolysis
an
(2) and said m e m b r a n e (3) (e) first
10
outwardly
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
(12) providing from
plate
-
and
for
engaging
retaining
same
said
cathode said
against
perimeter
cathode
sealing outer
plate
;
(g) fluid flow directing means providing for fluid flow into said e l e c t r o l y s i s 25
cell
via
said
interface
first
flow
passage
between
said
anode
(i) said fluid flow generally of
fluid
said 30
directed
cell,
without
plate
said
fluid
flow
of
fluid
portion
substantial
said
membrane
evacuation (1)
;
directing directed and
conduit
into for
(2)
interface
and then
to
passage
flow
through
flow
to
membrane
said (3)
;
a first p o r t i o n from
outwardly said
membrane
; and further
said
interface
said
said
permitting
means to
fluid
directing
directing means
(3) and into each cathode plate (4) (ii) said
35
to
(6) and
cathode
evacuation
permitting to then
plate
from
and
said
a
flow
second through
into
said
electrolysis
cell
then
25
-
when
(h) whereby
cathode
and
a water
stream
and
plate
gas
of fluid
;
(i) whereby, 10
flow that
in the
said cell
from
said a n o d e forming
occur
may
first
portion
said
and
membrane
in said
formation
said
into
cathode
said
from
communication
flow and e l e c t r o l y t e
fluid
electrolysis,
removed
being
electrolysis
:
(1), by m e a n s
between
(6), and to an interface
be e v a c u a t e d
water
comprises cell
anode
and
during
hydrogen
fluid
electrolysis
partial
said
between
applied
said
said
into
wherea.t
may
is
and
k),
fed
passage
membrane
oxygen
through
be
may
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
potential
and
(2
plates
of said first 5
electric
an
-
cathode
plate
said
hydrogen
plate,
cell
electrolysis
fluid
by
in
result
may
gas g e n e r a l l y into
flow
said
evacuation c o n d u i t . 14.
An electrolysis apparatus
:
comprising
(a) at least one electrolysis cell including an anode plate (2) and a c a t h o d e 15
plate (4)
; of said
(i) each
and
anode
circular in configuration of
(ii) each
said
structure 20
solid
(b) a
cathode
substantially
cathode
membrane
(i) said
diameter of
25
the
arranged membrane
plate (2)
longitudinally first
bore
W
;
anode
said
that
so
;
each
a larger (3)
membrane
with
(2)
plate
having
a perimeter
plate (4) having a
smaller
diameter
a perimeter of the
anode
than
said a n o d e
cell having a first flow passage (6) extending g e n e r a l l y
therethrough through
(d) first seal means directly
said
and
beyond
between
said
;
through
first
flow
first anode
passage
plate
(3) and a third
(2),
including
a second
a
bore
bore (9) e x t e n d i n g
;
(11) substantially said
said
said membrane
through said cathode plate (4) 35
water
between
(3) extending
(7) extending
(8) extending
as
porous
;
(c) said electrolysis 30
such
cell
circular
(2),
plate
adjacent
open
;
generally
anode
said
;
;
(ii) said cathode plate (2)
being
said
than
be
can
(3)
in
position
of said anode and cathode plates
a liquid,
by
generally
an
having
plates
permeable
membrane
electrolyte
4) being
and having an outer p e r i m e t e r
and
anode
(2 and
plates
flow
preventing passage
(6)
fluid flow c o m m u n i c a t i o n and
said
cathode
plate
26
-
(e) said
cell
electrolysis
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
flow
second
a
having
-
generally longitudinally t h e r e t h r o u g h
(12)
passage
extending
;
(f) second seal means (17) substantially preventing fluid flow c o m m u n i c a t i o n between
directly 5
(12)
seal means (4),
plate cathode 10
anode
to
means
with
associated
substantially (4)
plate
plate (5)
(i) said cathode (ii) said
cathode
a
said
but
outwardly thereof
perimeter
sealing
plate not
of (5)
diameter
larger
(65)
means
having
said
sealing
gasket
for (18)
sealingly
of said m e m b r a n e
;
cathode plate
(2),
retaining
said
cathode
supporting said
between
(66) mounted
said
cathode plate
separator
(5)
beyond said c a t h o d e
(3) extending
on said separator
said first seal means (11) in position flow means at
membrane lysis
and
;
(h) retaining means
formed
(18)
thereon for
perimeter
and
said
anode
plate_ outer
(i) first
third
a generally
having than
than
in d i a m e t e r
larger
and
non-porous
p e r i m e t e r sealing gasket (18) a g a i n s t
plate (4)
said
gasket
said cathode
and a portion
said
and preventing fluid flow therefrom
(5) being
plate
separator
perimeter
;
from
sealing gasket (18) substantially s u r r o u n d i n g
perimeter
configuration
(4),
plate
flow
passage
of said c a t h o d e
perimeter
perimeter
flow
second
;
separator
circular
25
said
fluid
outer
said cathode outer p e r i m e t e r
20
and
said outer
prevent
said
along
including
a separator
15
(2)
plate
;
(g) third
seal
said
an
for evacuating
interface
(1)
cell
without
; fluid containing said
between
(3) during electrolysis
plate (5) for s u p p o r t i n g
anode
oxygen, plate
cell operation,
substantial
passage
(2)
generally and
said
from said e l e c t r o -
into
said
second
flow
passage (12), a n d (ii) second 30
formed
flow at
means said
for
cathode
evacuating plate
W,
fluid from
hydrogen,
containing said
electrolysis
by passage into said second flow passage (12). 15. A method for electrolysis of water to produce and oxygen t h e r e f r o m (a) 35
;
said method comprising the steps of
cell
hydrogen
:
providing at least one electrolysis cell (1) including a solid e l e c t r o l y t e membrane
(3)
positioned
between
and an open porous cathode plate (b)
an
open ;
porous
anode
plate
(2)
-27
0 2 3 9 1 6 9
-
(2) and said cathode
(i) said anode plate
(3)
opposite sides of said membrane (b) wetting,
with
water,
of
surfaces
(3)
and 4) which abut said membrane 5
(i) said
wetting
radially
from
being
(c) passing a current gas 10
at
said
by providing
a central
an outer perimeter
said
plate
(4)
and
plates
; anode
cathode
(2
of water
of
anode
said
substantially (2)
plate
toward
and
;
and
cell (1) to generate
oxygen
gas
at
said
hydrogen
anode
plate
(2). 16. (a) said
anode
A methode plate
(2)
is
according to claim provided
with
15 wherein
two,
flat sides, one of which abuts said m e m b r a n e 15
mutually
conveyance
through said electrolysis
cathode
(4) contacting
;
portion
thereof
plate
(3).
opposite,
: substantially
1/2 0 2 3 9 1 6 9 >J «4 ID CO CO 00
(M CN
S o S
>4-
C^ CO
O «4-
CD CO
CJ> %J
2 S CO
«oo
in
cm. ffl.
&
a
s
^CO
i>
Jg2<^
?o>> «-
cm ^
0 2 3 9 1 6 9 2/2
CO
0 2 3 9 1 6 9 J
)
Category D,A
European Patent Office
DOCUMENTS CONSIDERED TO BE RELEVANT Citation of document with indication, where appropriate, of relevant passage* US aT71
A -
4 210
* Abstract; US
-
A -
4 312
* Claim US
-
A -
511
(CAMPBELL
1;
736
(MENTH
452
(MORRIS
fig.
et
4 *
fig.
et
1 *
4 560
* Claim
. Application number
EUROPEAN SEARCH R E P O R T
et
2 *
al . )
al . )
Relevant to claim 1-6, 9,10, 15
EP 8 7 2 0 0 5 0 5 . 3 CLASSIFICATION OF THE APPLICATION (Int. CM) C 25
B
C 25
B 13/08
1/10
1,3,15
1,9,15
TECHNICAL FIELDS SEARCHEO(lnt.CM) C 25
B
The preeent search report hat been drawn up for all claim* . Place of search VIENNA SI 3
Date of completion of trie search 25-06-1987
CATEGORY OF CITED DOCUMENTS X : particularly relevant if taken alone Y : particularly relevant if combined with another document of the same category A : technological background O : non-written disclosure P : intermediate document
Examiner LUX
T : theory or principle underlying the invention E : earlier patent document, but published on, or after the filing date D : document cited in the application L : document cited for other reasons & : member of the same patent family, corresponding document