REFERENCE

Figure 5.53 Low river stage in the river park

Figure 5.54 Multi-functional space

Summation

In conclusion, the project intent to regenerate urban surface to regulate overflow. The designs help to optimise drainage system and regulate water resource. It enhances the resilient and sustainability of the community. It also helps to make the public close to the water and flood, with more opportunities to touch and live with water, rather than against it. This attitude helps to improve the collective engagement between government and community.

The design protects the life below water and the ecology while facing and adapting climate changes, especially the rising sea-level and extreme weather. Reuse and inclusive the flood water into daily life is resource-efficient responsive. The functions of the infrastructures emulate from Nature that is eco-friendly strategies and locally attuned. So, I argue the project has achieved sustainable development goals and Life’s Principles to create an inclusive community.

CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION

By way of conclusion, the research aims to solve the problems of climate change impacts. Tainan and many Asian coastal cities are excepted to face flooding more often than the past. The research started analysis with the systematic method, urban design processes. The process helped to define the spatial characteristic of the problems, in short, are water flow problems. In more detail is (1) too much flow from outside (upstream), (2) original low-lying space was developed to be communities or industrial areas that decreased the detention ability, and (3) water flow quality will influence the downstream (mangrove) ecology. The strategies came from the Biomimicry thinking processes and emulated from the leave loops, Avicennia Aerial Roots, heart valve, sphagnum retort cells, and resurrection fern. The design integrated the strategies to separate flow, store flow and delay flood peak. The drainage system is optimized by more connected waterway, revived detention community, and hydrophilic river park.

Under the Anthropocene problems and the climate change impacts, the Earth’s conditions and environment have worsened. While the population and urbanization are growing, cities take much more responsibility to protect life to face the extreme environment. Significantly, the coastal Asian cities will face the impacts, sea-level rising and extreme weather. Flooding becomes the main problem for Asian cities. The thesis aims to provide the regenerative drainage system design for Tainan and other inundating cities in Asia. The designs enhance the sustainability for the community with more resilient facilities. The engagement between government and non-government stakeholders will be improved. The designs provide more opportunities for the public to close to the water. It increases the interrelated and interdependent network for the ecology and the social-ecological system. The thesis research envisions a sustainable and inclusive community for the future.

Reference

Paper

Adam Runions, P. Prusinkiewicz. (2005). Modelling and visualization of leaf venation patterns. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 24(3): 702711

Black, R. E., C. G. Victora, S. P. Walker, Z. A. Bhutta, P. Christian, M. de Onis, M. Ezzati, S. Grantham-McGregor, J. Katz, R. Martorell, and R. Uauy. (2013). Maternal and Child Undernutrition and Overweight in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries. The Lancet 832 (9890): 427–451.

Black, R. E., L. H. Allen, Z. A. Bhutta, L. E. Caulfield, M. de Onis, M. Ezzati, C. Mathers, and J. Rivera. (2008). Maternal and Child Under-

nutrition: Global and Regional Exposures and Health Conse-

quences. The Lancet 371 (9608): 243–260.

Carl Folke, S. Carpenter, T. Elmqvist, L. H. Gunderson, C.S. Holling, B. Walker. (2002). Resilience and sustainable development: Building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations. Ambio A Journal of the Human Environment, 31(5), 437–440. http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12374053

Charles A. Price, Sarah-Jane C. Knox, Tim J. Brodribb. (2013). The In-

fluence of Branch Order on Optimal Leaf Vein Geometries:

Murray’s Law and Area Preserving Branching, PLoS ONE 8(12):e85420

D.C. Liu,0D.X. Wu, D.X. Cao, D.G. Wu. (2017). Analysis of coastline

changes and the socio-economic driving mechanism in Shen-

zhen, China. Marine Geodesy, 40(6), 378–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.10 80/01490419.2017.1319447

Deng Mao, Samantha Lai, H-S. Li, Kevin Hsu. (2020). The Delta Pro-

gramme: The Dutch integrated approach to climate resilience.

Centre for Liveable Cities, Singapore

Dhritiraj Sengupta, Ruishan Chen, M. E. Meadows. (2018). Building be-

yond land: An overview of coastal land reclamation in 16

global megacities. Applied Geography, 90, 229-238

E. Katifori, G. J. Szollosi, M. O. Magnasco. (2010). Damage and Fluctuations Induce Loops in Optimal Transport Networks. Physical Review Letters, PRL 104, 048704 (2010)

Giovanni Zurlini, I. Petrosillo, K. B. Jones, N. Zaccarelli. (2012). High-

lighting order and disorder in social–ecological landscapes to

foster adaptive capacity and sustainability. Landscape Ecology, 28(6), 1161–1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-012-9763-y

Jos Timmermans, Joep Storms. (2019). Panorama New Netherlands. TU Delft DeltaLinks. https://flowsplatform.nl/#/panorama-new-netherlands-1581327249675____566____

Mark Pelling, David M. Navarrete. (2011). From resilience to transfor-

mation: The adaptive cycle in two Mexican urban centres.

Ecology and Society, 16(2), http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol16/ iss2/art11/

Martina K Linnenluecke, Andrew Griffiths. (2010). Beyond Adaptation:

Resilience for Business in Light of Climate Change and

Weather Extremes. 2010 Business & Society · September, 49(3) 477-511

Pei-Wen Lu ( 盧沛文 ). (2014). Spatial planning and urban resilience in

the context of flood risk - A comparative study of Kaohsiung,

Tainan and Rotterdam, Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Architecture and The Built Environment, Department of Urbanism

S. R. Carpenter, W. A. Brock. (2008). Adaptive capacity and traps. Ecology and Society, 13(2), 40. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/ iss2/art40/

Sara Meerow, J. P. Newell, M. Stults. (2016). Defining urban resilience: A review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 147 38-49

Suvada Jusic, Hata Milisic, Emina Hadžić. (2020). Urban Stormwater Management – New Technologies. 5th International Conference “New Technologies, Development and Application” NT-2019.

Theresa Audrey O. Esteban, J. Edelenbos, Naomi van Stapele. (2020). Keep-

ing Feet Dry: Rotterdam’s Experience in Flood Risk and Resil-

ience Building. Flood Impact Mitigation and Resilience Enhancement, Intech Open (March 2020)

Theresa Audrey O. Esteban. (2020). Building Resilience through Collective Engagement, Architecture MPS, 17(no. 4)

Yangfan Li, X-X. Zhang, X-X. Zhao, S-G. Ma, H-H. Cao, J-K Cao, (2016).

Assessing spatial vulnerability from rapid urbanization

to inform coastal urban regional planning. Ocean & Coastal Management, 123, 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2016.01.010.

Book / Article

Allen, L., B. de Benoist, O. Dary, R. Hurrell, eds. 2006. Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients. Geneva: World Health Organization.

Arnold G. van der Valk. (2006). The biology of freshwater wetlands. New York. Oxford University Press

Biomimicry 3.8. (2015). BIOMIMICRY DESIGN LENS: a visual guide. USA. BIOMIMICRY 3.8

Brian Walker, D. Salt, W. V. Reid. (2006). Resilience thinking: Sustaining ecosystems and people in a changing world. Washington, DC, USA: Island Press.

Chloe Schaefer, Anne Whiston Spirn. (2014). Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park - from concrete canal to natural wonderland. Singapore, Ecological Urbanism

Dayna Baumeister Ph.D., Jessica Smith, Rose Tocke, Jamie Dwyer, Sherry Ritter, Janine Benyus. (2014). Biomimicry resource handbook: A Seed Bank of Best Practices 2014th Edition. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

Delta Programme Commissioner, Government Commissioner for the Delta Programme, Tessa Haan Projectbegeleiding, Almere. (2019). Delta

Programme 2020 - Continuing the work on the delta: down to

earth, alert, and prepared. Netherland

Delta Programme Commissioner, Government Commissioner for the Delta Programme, Tessa Haan Projectbegeleiding, Almere. (2018). Delta

Programme 2019 - Continuing the work on the delta: adapting

the Netherlands to climate change in time. Netherland

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2019). 2019

THE STATE OF FOOD SECURITY AND NUTRITION IN THE WORLD: Safeguarding against economic slowdowns and

downturns. Roma.

Ignacio Rodríguez-Iturbe, A. Rinaldo. (2010). Fractal River Basins: Chance and Self-Organization. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.

International Food Policy Research Institute. 2014. 2014 GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX: The challenge of hidden hunger. Cologne, Germany. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896299580

IPCC, John A. Church, Peter U. Clark, el. (2014). Chapter 13: Sea Level

Change. Climate Change 2014 Impacts, Adaptation, and Vul-

nerability. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), Cambridge University Press

IPCC, Yasuaki Hijioka, E-D Lin, Joy J. Pereira, Richard T. Corlett, X-F Cui, G. Insarov, R. Lasco, E. Lindgren, Akhilesh Surjan. (2014a). Part B:

Regional Aspects – Chapter 24: Asia. Climate Change 2014 Im-

pacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), Cambridge University Press

IPCC. (2014b). Mitigation of Climate Change Working Group III Con-

tribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovern-

mental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press

IPCC, Michael Oppenheimer, Bruce Glavovic, Jochen Hinkel, Roderik van de Wal,A. K. Magnan, Amro Abd-Elgawad, R-S Cai, M. Cifuentes-Jara, R. M. Deconto, T. Ghosh, J. Hay, F. Isla, B. Marzeion, B. Meyssignac, Z. Sebesvari (2019). Chapter 4: Sea Level Rise and Im-

plications for Low Lying Islands, Coasts and Communities.

SROCC (Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate). Monaco. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)

IPCC. (2019a). IPCC Special Report on Climate Change, Desertifica-

tion, Land Degradation, Sustainable Land Management, Food Security, and Greenhouse gas fluxes in Terrestrial Ecosystems:

Summary for Policymakers. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change)

Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment, Dutch Water Authorities. (2016). Water innovation- in the Netherland, The Hague, Netherland

Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment. (2012). 35 Icons of Dutch Spatial Planning. The Hague, Netherland

Peter Hogarth. (2007). The biology of mangroves and seagrasses. New York. Oxford University Press

PUB (Public Utilities Board). (2014). Active, Beautiful and Clean Water: Design Guidelines. Singapore

Rijkswaterstaat Room for the River, UNESCO-IHE. (2013). Tailor made

collaboration-A clever combination of process and content.

The Hague, Netherland

Shong Huang, Jin-taur Shih, Mei-li Hsueh. (1998). Mangroves of Taiwan. Chichi, Nantou County, Taiwan: Taiwan Endemic Species Research Institute

URA (Urban Redevelopment Authority). (2013). A HIGH-QUALITY LIV-

ING ENVIRONMENT FOR ALL SINGAPOREANS - Land Use

Plan to Support Singapore’s Future Population. Singapore, Ministry of National Development

WHO (World Health Organization). 2009. Global Prevalence of Vitamin

A Deficiency in Populations at Risk 1995–2005: WHO Global

Database on Vitamin A Deficiency. www.who.int/vmnis/vitamina/ en/.

Will Steffen, Katherine Richardson, Johan Rockström, Sarah E. Cornell, Ingo Fetzer, Elena M. Bennett, Reinette Biggs, Stephen R. Carpenter, Wim de Vries, Cynthia A. de Wit, Carl Folke, Dieter Gerten, Jens Heinke, Georgina M. Mace, Linn M. Persson, (2015). Plane-

tary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing

planet. American Association for the Advancement of Science vol. 347 no. 6223. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259855

Mandarin Paper / Book / Article

石再添(1979)，臺灣西南部洲潟海岸的地形及其演變，國立臺灣師範大學地理研 究報告 第五期 張詠宣(2018)，城市再生性設計的空間型態研究：以臺中生態與水空間結構之演 化特性為例.碩士論文,私立東海大學建築系 張瑞津、石再添、陳翰霖(1996)，臺灣西南部臺南海岸平原地形變遷之研究，國 立臺灣師範大學地理研究報告 第二十六期 張瑞津、石再添、陳翰霖(1997)，臺灣西南部嘉南海岸平原河道變遷之研究，國 立臺灣師範大學地理研究報告 第二十七期 許少華、張義興、葉治宏、翁毓秀 (2009)，由臺江內外海之淤積演變探討曾文溪 的歷史輸砂量.第十三屆海峽兩岸水利科技交流研討會 曾品滄(2012)，塭與塘:清代臺灣養殖漁業發展的比較分析，臺灣史研究第19 卷第4期頁1-47 吳秉澍、吳茂成、張小秋、吳秉謙(2013)，臺江內海及其庄社:大洪水裡的小地 方記憶，臺南市，臺南市政府文化局 曾憲嫻、陳正哲、陳岳佳、洪嘉呈(2017)，嘉南沿海聚落空間構成與再生之研究， 國立成功大學都巿計劃學系（所） 林玉茹、詹素娟、陳志豪(2015)，紫線番界：臺灣田園分別墾禁圖說解讀，臺灣， 中央研究院臺灣史研究所 盧嘉興(1965)，鹿耳門地理演變考，中國學術著作獎助委員會 翁佳音、曹銘宗(2016)，大灣大員福爾摩沙 :從葡萄牙航海日誌、荷西地圖、清 日文獻尋找臺灣地名真相，臺灣，貓頭鷹出版社

陳鴻圖(1996)，水利開發與清代嘉南平原的發展，新北市新店巿:國史館 高賢治、黃光瀛(2012)，縱覽臺江:大員四百年地輿圖=Overview Taijiang : scanning antique maps of Tayouan for 400 years，臺灣：內政部營 建署臺江國家公園管理處 黃文博，吳建昇，陳桂蘭(2011) ，鹿耳門志，臺南市:鹿耳門基金會 黃清琦、黃驗、黃裕元(2018)，臺灣歷史地圖，臺南市 : 臺灣史博館、遠流 黃驗、蔡泊芬、黃清琦、黃裕元、邱意惠(2016)，臺灣歷史地圖，臺南市 : 臺灣 史博館、智慧藏學習科技 臺灣氣候變遷推估與資訊平臺建置計畫(2017)，臺灣氣候變遷科學報告-物理現

象與機制

臺南市安南區公所(2016)，臺南市安南區地區災害防救計畫 臺南市政府(2018)，臺南新吉工業區變更開發計畫暨新訂細部計畫 臺南市政府(2015)，臺南市氣候變遷調適計畫 臺南市政府(2009)，變更臺南市安南區（十二佃、南興里、公塭里）細部計畫(配

合新吉排水整治工程)案計畫書

國家災害防救科技中心(2016)，0206地震相關資訊綜整與研判

經濟部水利署(2015)，鹽水溪治理計畫(含支流那拔林溪) 經濟部水利署(2010)，鹽水溪排水系統-鹽水溪排水及安順寮排水治理計畫

The Regulation Scheme of Yanshuei-chi Drainage System- Yanshuei-chi Drainage and Anshunliao Drainage

經濟部水利署(2010)，臺南地區曾文溪排水治理計畫The Regulation Scheme

of Zengwun Drainage in Tainan Area

經濟部水利署(2009)，莫拉克颱風暴雨量及洪流量分析 經濟部水利署水利規劃試驗所(2010)，臺南地區鹽水溪排水系統整治及環境營造

規劃 Planning of Drainage System and Environment Rehabilitation of Yanshuei -chi Drainage in Tainan Area

經濟部水利署水利規劃試驗所(2007)，臺南地區曾文溪排水系統整治及環境營造

規劃 Planning of Drainage System and Environment Rehabilitation of Zengwun-chi Drainage in Tainan Area

經濟部水利署第六河川局(2013)，鹽水溪（含支流）河川情勢調查(Investigation

of stream status of Yanshuei River)

行政院農業委員會(1996)，臺灣野生動物資源調查-棲類動物調查手冊 行政院環保署(2005)，河川環境水體整體調查監測計畫

Website

中央地質調查所, http://www.moeacgs.gov.tw/main.jsp 中央研究院之臺灣魚類資料庫, http://fishdb.sinica.edu.tw/ 中央研究院生物多樣性研究中心之臺灣貝類資料庫, http://shell.sinica.edu.tw/ 中央氣象局, http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/index.htm 內政部地政司全球資訊網, http://www.land.moi.gov.tw/ 行政院主計總處, https://www.dgbas.gov.tw/mp.asp?mp=1 政府資料開放平臺, https://data.gov.tw/ 經濟部中央地質調查所地質資料整合查詢網, https://gis3.moeacgs.gov.tw/ gwh/gsb97-1/sys8/t3/index1.cfm 行政院環境保護署全國環境水質監測資訊網, http://wqshow.epa.gov.tw/ AskNature – Innovation by nature, https://asknature.org/ BIOMIMICRY 3.8, https://biomimicry.net/ BIOMIMICRY INSTITUTE, https://biomimicry.org/ IPCC — Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, https://www.ipcc.ch/ The Delta Programme, www.rijksoverheid.nl/deltaprogramma Our World in Data,https://ourworldindata.org/