Research & Process Book

reseach process book

daria slolovyeva

SOL12377772

ba (hons) GMD yr.3 major project the hubble space telescope -

contents

project statement p.3 research hubble space telescope p.5 what makes so special and unique p.6 how hubble works p.7 survey results p.10 big bang data exhibition p.11 primary visual research p.13 concept primarary concept p.15 logotype exploration p.16 main direction p.17 fonts to consider p.19 logotype design p.21 process motion graphics p.28 insights p.29 design process p.31 final outcome 43 bibliography p.45

nasa (2009) grappling hubble

project statement

I feel very lucky, because here and now humanity does fantastic discoveries of universe, and the realization that I am a part of this progress is truly astonishing. It is very cool to have access to the key discoveries and ideas, as well as to observe a rapid development of modern astronomy.

Our generation is making history; we are contemporaries of the great events. With this project, I want to help people realize the majesty of today’s discoveries and it’s significance. Or at least raise the level of interest to independent study of space.

For me, as a graphic designer, I have opportunity to demonstrating my creative skills and create a strong piece of work for my portfolio.

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sullivan, s. (1990) STS-31/ HST

hubble space telescope

Launch date: April 24, 1990, 12:33:51 UTC Rocket: Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-31) Launch site: Kennedy LC-39B Deployment date: April 25, 1990 Entered service: May 20, 1990 End of mission: estimated 2030–2040

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what makes HST so special and unique?

In order to answer this question, I am wondering what makes hubble space telescope [HTS] so special and unique. The problem of ground telescopes is the Earth’s atmosphere; it distorts the view of telescopes, no matter how large or scientifically advanced those telescopes are.

This atmospheric distortion is the reason that the stars seem to twinkle when you look up at the sky. The Hubble space telescope solved this problem, as it was placed beyond the

atmosphere [552 km, above the surface of Earths].

That’s why HST plays significant role in astronomy. It transformed the way scientists look at the universe, show galaxies in all stages of evolution, revealed the dark energy and much more.

The HST is one of NASA’s most successful and long lasting science missions.

the hubble space telescope is named in honor of astronomer edwin hubble

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how hubble works

I found essential to understand how HTS works, because this knowledge extends the range of my ideas and my horizons in general.

Hubble is a type of telescope known as a Cassegrain reflector. Light hits the telescope’s main mirror, or primary mirror. It bounces off the primary mirror and encounters a secondary mirror.

The secondary mirror focuses the light through a hole in the center of the primary mirror that leads to the telescope’s science instruments.

People often mistakenly believe that a telescope’s power lies in its ability to magnify objects.

Telescopes actually work by collecting more light than the human eye can capture on its own. The larger a telescope’s mirror, the more light it can collect, and the better its vision. Hubble’s primary mirror is 94.5 inches (2.4 m) in diameter. This mirror is small compared with those of current ground-based telescopes, which can be 400 inches (1,000 cm) and up, but Hubble’s location beyond the atmosphere gives it remarkable clarity.

Once the mirror captures the light, Hubble’s science instruments work together or individually to provide the observation. Each instrument is designed to examine the universe in a different way.

Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3): near-ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared ( Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS): exclusively in ultraviolet light Advanced Camera for (ACS): visible light

Surveys

Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS): ultraviolet, visible and nearinfrared light Near Infrared Camera and MultiObject Spectrometer (NICMOS): heat sensor. Its sensitivity to infrared light — perceived by humans as heat Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS): measure the distance between stars, and their relative motions.

All of Hubble’s functions are powered by sunlight

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incoming light

secondary mirror

primary mirror

C3 WF S CO S AC IS ST - S O CM NI S FG

focal point/ instruments

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exoplanets

solar system

balck hole

nebula

hubble deep field

dark energy

about which area of Hubble discoveries have you heard?

Survey results

For the 26 years of space exploration, Hubble accumulated a lot of data and achievements, which could be divided in several scientific areas: Cosmology [Distant galaxies / Intergalactic gas / Universe age and size] Exotic [Black hole / Dark energy / Dark matter / Gamma ray burst / Gravitational lens] Galaxy [Cluster / Dwarf planets / Elliptical / Interacting / Irregular / Magellanic cloud / Milky way /Quasar/ Active nucleus / Spiral] Miscellaneous [Nebula / Solar system / Star / Star cluster] Solar system Hubble deep field As you can see this is quite broad range of discoveries. For that reason, I found advisable to focus on a specific area of science. I have chosen five most attractive areas to explore and conducted a survey [serveymonkey.co.uk] in order to detect most unknown HST’s discoveries. Surprisingly, but the smallest number of votes received ‘solar system’.

I confess that I also have never heard about Hubble’s discoveries in our own solar system. It seems that everything has been already revealed. However, this is mistaken view.

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big bang data exhibition

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work by ingo gunter

It was really good decision to visit big bang data exhibition.

I took to account a lot of new and various ways of presenting work such as installation, large scale wall charts, screen and moving image. One of the most impressive work by Ingo Gunter was very inspirational.

Each globe graphically describes information from the time they were created. Another memorable work is a software installation, called Black Shoals; Dark Matter by Lise Autogena and Joshua Portway. It is a real – time representation of the financial markets, driven by live trading data from

the world’s stock exchanges.

Companies are represented as stars that flicker and glow in real time ass shares are traded around the world. I think, I was very clever to compare space with trading markets, where companies are stars.

black shoals; dark matter

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gada,l. (2014) orbitographia

primary visual research

huarte,a. (2016) planitario espacio cultural

This research was conducted in order to detect the most appropriate media for this project. I think, it is very helpful to have a look on the work that has been done already.

It helps to avoid repetition of existing work. I am inclined to believe that for such a project, as the visualization of the HST’s history is more appropriate digital media, because it will partially reflects the technological advances of the modern world.

Another reason is that moving image or film makes it easier to understand complex data of hubble space telescope.

straus,j. (2014) hubble deep field shot

odysseus II (2015)

azzi,m (2015) space

lucin,i. (2015) cosmos

*Projects from lift to right

remmele,e. (2015) black holes

armstrong light trap (2014)

the visual agency (2016) a visial year/ celebration of space exploration

smirnov,s. (2016) vegas virtual interface

pellegrini,v.(2015) dawn of the nanosats

vasquez,b.(2013) el infinito, ahora

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primary concept

For my first step I considered Hubble as an eye of the universe and tried to develop visual identity for this concept. Here are examples (p.16) of primary logo development, where I combined diagram of solar system with an eye. Also I draw an icon for Hubble space telescope.

Some facts: [visualization on p.18]

Objective: to engage viewer visually (digital approach) with the most significant discoveries made by Hubble Telescope and to explain how this knowledge helps scientists learn more about our own Solar System.

1990 The shuttle Discovery (STS31) is launched on 24 April 1990 and brings Hubble into space.

On 25 April Hubble is deployed into its orbit by the space shuttle crew.

1994 Hubble provides detailed observations of the comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 as it collides with the planet Jupiter

Aim: to explain the Hubble telescope contribution into understanding of our own Solar System. The close study of every planet provides valuable information that helps us better understand our own planet Earth, as everything what happens with our solar ‘neighbors’ could happen to us.

2002 Hubble detects an object in the Kuiper belt at the edge of our Solar System which is larger than Pluto. This discovery leads to a debate on Pluto’s status as a planet.

2005 Hubble images two previously unknown moons orbiting Pluto 2007 Hubble observations show that the dwarf planet Eris is bigger than Pluto 2013 Hubble is also used in this year to determine for the first time the true colour of a planet orbiting another star and finds water vapour erupting off the surface of Jupiter’s moon Europa Storms on Neptune

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main direction

What production process are you considering: Digital

What are you going to design: Motion graphic wall chart, which could be presented on the screen or as a big scale projection.

Why is it relevant to the subject: The Hubble 25 year history includes complex discoveries and ideas. By using digital method some facts could be explained better as it gives opportunity to provide viewer with visual and interactive experience.

Here is visual example (p.18) of HST’s discoveries in relation to each planet.

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Mercury

Hubble cannot observe mercury, because it’s close to the sun and its instruments light sensitive and will be damaged.

VENUS

The hottest planet

EARTH 569 km

Hubble orbits around the earth every 97 min. The orbit inclines at a 28.5 - degree angle.

MARS

1994 JUPITER

Hubble provides detailed observation of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 as it collides with the platen Jupiter

saturn

Uranus

Neptune

Storms on Neptune

Fonts to consider

I consider that for my project is more appropriate to choose typefaces from sant serif font family, because it works better on the screen. Here is the collection (p.20) of fonts I have chosen; the idea was to combine two of them - bold and light. Bold can represent Hubble Space Telescope and all headings, and light is supposed to be for body text.

nasa (2002) hubble floating free

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MOON

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1234567890 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1234567890

BIG JOE

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1234567890

SLiM JOe

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 1234567890

League spartan

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890

Cocomat

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

Cover

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890 ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 1234567890

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logo 1

#à ‰

25 Hubble s p a c e

t e l e s c o p e

logotype design

They exploration of logotype design leads me to the idea of orbiting HST around the Earth.

The first logotype looks more balanced, then the second one.

However, in the case with second logo, I try to highlight the outline of Hubble and make font

more authoritative in order to make emphasis. I really like the effect of combination of bright space photo made by Hubble with solid dark background. (p.22) The light lines of typeface also work well.

25 HUBBLE S P A C E

logo 2

T E L E S C O P E

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E O P S C L E E T

#Á Ë!jMÖ ?Ë• Ë |Ô B

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Hubble helped to determine the age of the universe to be at least

13.7 billion years old

MERCURY

VENUS

MARS

EARTH

lack of content On this stage of project, I realized that I have not done enough research on contents of my final outcome. My exploration was focused more on visual influences and design direction; this prevents my progress from further development. I felt that I am stack on the same place.For that reason, I decided to focus more on information design, rather then identity. Here is an idea of Hubble movements around in the space. The planets are drawn according to the real size. Also, it was a good idea to divide solar system in half, as it gives opportunity to provide a closer look. However, it needs further development. I am aiming to do animation.

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JUPITER

URANUS

SATURN

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I did not like what I am doing, it seems to me very primitive (p.26) Plus I got negative feedback. It pushed me to change the strategy and finally moved to motion graphics. I think on this stage I had a clear idea of what I wanna do. My previous experimentation and research helped me a lot.

Moving on: What Hubble has revealed to us in our own Solar backyard?

Regarded by many as the most valuable astronomical tool, the Hubble Space Telescope is approaching its 25th anniversary in space. Hubble sees into the far reaches of the Universe but it has also provided a fascinating view of our own dynamic solar system, revealing colliding asteroids, changing aurorae and weather on planets and moons, and even enabling the detection of previously unknown moons

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SO 2

VENERA

Sulfur dioxide levels continue to decline.

This means there is no evidence for the new large scale volcanic eruptions.

R = 0.94 Earths

T = 462 C

Terrestrial planet

1995

113.6 million kilometers

Ultraviolet-light image of the planet Venus

2007 ters

me

n illio 8m

kilo

Mars: Closest Approach

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2014 Mars and Comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) closest approach

MARS R = 0.53 Earths

Tmin= -143 C Tmax = 35 C

Terrestrial planet

2001 The biggest global dust storm seen on Mars in several decades. The Martian dust storm, larger by far than any seen on Earth, has raised a cloud of dust that has engulfed 26the entire planet for several months.

work by Naoko Hara

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motion graphics

The idea of animated gifs came from the project by Naoko Hara.

His project includes animated elements for an internal video project for an Australian rock band called Goodbyemotel.

I thought that it would be great if I can do animated info graphics for Habble’s discoveries in solar system. I used illustrator and after effect to create motion inforgaphics and then transformed it into GIF with Photoshop. The advance of this method is that GIF file plays forever, the viewer can explore moving elements as long as he wish. Motion graphic attracts and holds viewer attention.

>

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nasa (1999) hubble docked with discovery

Insights

This is design process for my first GIF file, which supposed to introduce Hubble space telescope to the audience. It includes such information as (p.32): 1.Mission Duration: 26 years 2.Orbital Parameters / Semi major axis (distance from the Earth) – 6,919,9 km 3.Launch Date: 24 April, 1990, 12:33:51 4.Hubble’s Length: 13.2 m 5.Main Telescope parameters 6.Instruments 7.Hubble surveyed 6 planets All the information has been taken from nasa.gov and hubblesite.gov. My aim was to make very clear infographic animation and to engage viewer. hubble icon design in Ai

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sketch:hubble

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design process: HST

My process was several stages

divided

into

1.Detailed research 2.Sketches (p. 30) 3.Hubble icon design and space shuttle discovery icon design in Adobe Illustrator (p.29) 4.Work with motion graphics in After Effects (p.32) 5.Export file from After Effects as a ‘png sequence’ 6.Open exported file in Photoshop 7.Save as a GIF file 8.Download to giphy.com/ here is link to view: http://giphy. com/channel/darias/

typography sourse code pro: is a monospaced sans serif typeface created by Paul D. Hunt for Adobe Systems. I have chosen this font, because basically it was designed for work in coding environments, that why I found it appropriate to use for Hubble’s data.

ABCDEFGHIKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghiklmnopqrstuvwxyz 12345678

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design process: venus

NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope is serving as an interplanetary weather satellite for studying the climate on Earth’s neighboring worlds, Mars and Venus.

Knowledge about the weather is critical to planning future missions to these worlds.

there is no evidence of new volcanic eruption and atmosphere continues to recover.

From the left bottom I have shown the decrease of SO2 science 1990. The center red circle represents Venus and processes that are going on its surface: volcanic eruption and recover of the atmosphere.

From the right bottom you can see the overage temperature on the planet.By the way, Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system.

Hubble’s spectroscopic observations of Venus show that the atmosphere continues to recover from an intense bout of sulfuric “acid rain” triggered by the suspected eruption of a volcano in the late 1970s.

The volcano eruption provokes the formation of sulfur dioxide (SO2), which is transforms to acid rains when interacts with sunlight. Hubble detects that since 1970 SO2 decreased, that’s why we can confirm that

link to view GIF file: http://giphy.com/gifs/ xT1XGDRJhliWhG3QSQ

sketch:venus

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design process: mars

Four year of Hubble observations shows that Mars goes through seasonal changes.

However, because Mars’ atmosphere is much thinner than Earth’s, it is far more sensitive to minor changes in the amount of light and heat received from the Sun.

In the left bottom show the global bust storm of 2011. Also, Hubble detected comet Sliding spring that was near Mars on a distance of 87.000 miles in 2014. On the right left bottom shown, which instruments were activated to track weather on Mars

When Mars is close to the sun, there is hot and dust storms accrue (Mars in red/ sun is bigger). When Mars is far distant from the sun, it cools down, become clearer and drier (Mars is blue/ sun is small).

Also, ozone layer depends on these seasonal factors.(see the gif to understand) Hubble’s ultraviolet sensitivity is ideal for monitoring ozone levels on a global scale.

link to view GIF file: http://giphy.com/ gifs/3o6ozAwAorO9yHkf2U

sketch:mars

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design process: jupiter

There is a lot of things going on on Jupiter. Jupiter has 67 know satellites (moons) tree of them were discovered by Hubble: Gamymede, Europa and lo. The most interesting thing that these tree moons have atmospheres. In 1994 Hubble recorded first ever comet collision with a planet. Also, HST tracks the largest storm in solar system The Great Red spot.

Nasa (1996-2000) a change of seasons on Saturn

link to view GIF file: http://giphy.com/gifs/ xT1XGv7xFNlvgwKGiI

sketch:jupiter

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design process: saturn

Saturn ring position depends on seasonal changes. It’s the largest known ring system in solar system and it consists of dusty water ice chunks. In 1995 Hubble discovered 4 new moons S/1995. Orbital periof of Saturn = 29.5 Earths years. link to view GIF file: http://giphy.com/gifs/ xT1XGIYbBaC0GZLXck nasa (1998) uranus

sketch:uranus

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design process: uranus

In 1996 Hubble reveal the planet rings and uncovers smallest moon yet seen around Uranus. For the reason that Hubble detects atmosphere, the images of Uranus come out very colorful, because it atmosphere is very active. In fact, Uranus has the brightest clouds in the solar system made of crystals of methane. link to view GIF file: http://giphy.com/gifs/ l3V0ILK8K2QrMT5NC

nasa (1998) uranus

sketch:uranus

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final outcome

Final outcome can be viewed on: https://giphy.com/channel/ darias/ as a GIF files or on the provided USB in a QuickTime Player, in order to get a closer look of details.

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next goal > to get a telescope

bibliography

Behance.net (2016) Discover.

Available at: https://www. behance.net (Accessed: 6 May 2016) Big Bang data exhibition (2016) Visit.

Hubble space telescope (2016) Scientific results. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope (Accessed: 6 May 2016) Hubblesite.org (2016) News center ‘Solar System’.

Available at: http:// hubblesite.org/newscenter/ archive/ Lynda.com (2016) After Effects.

Avaliable at: https://www. lynda.com (Accessed: 6 May 2016) Nasa.org (2016) Hubble telescope. Available at: http://www.nasa.gov (Accessed: 6 May 2016) Space.com (2016) science & astronomy. Available at: http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy (Accessed: 6 May 2016) Spacetelescope.org (2016) Hubblecast. Available at: http://www.spacetelescope. org/videos/archive/category/ hubblecast/ (Accessed: 6 May 2016)

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With increasing distance, our knowledge fades, and fades rapidly. Eventually we reach the dim boundary the utmost limits of out telescopes. There, we measure shadows, and we search among ghostly errors of measurements for landmarks that are scarcely more substantial.

Edwin Hubble [1889-1953]

London, 2016