Nutridom booklet issue 005 2016

MC

Issue No. 005 / 2016

TM MC

H E A L T H G

U

I

D

E

CHAGA MUSHROOMS « Health Benefits and Composition

Canadian

CANADIAN CHAGA

« Naturally from Canadian Wild

BEE PRODUCTS

« Human and Bee are Similar

{ SPECIAL ISSUES } ENERGY BOOSTER - VITAMIN B COMPLEX URINARY INFECTION - CRANBERRY 25X HEART STRENGTH - COQ 10 Velvet Elk Antler, Natural Remedy for Health Moringa, Natural Energy Enhancer 1

Available at fine health food stores close to your home.

2

CONTENTS ial c e Sp es Issu

Vitamin B Complex (Energy Booster) ........................................ 4

Apr 2016 | ISSUE 5

Liver Health Story ................................... 12 Milk Thistle .............................................. 15 (Liver Health) Magnesium.......................................16 (Bone, Teeth and Muscle) Serrapeptase ............................................ 20 (Respiratory Enhancer)

Cranberry 25X (Urinary Infection) ........................................ 8

Chaga Mushroom ...................................... 23 (Immune System Boost) Moringa ........................................................ 28 (Natural Super Food) Elk Velvet Antler......................................... 30 (Performance Enhancer)

CoQ 10 (Heart Strength)

Collagen..................................................... 33 (Joint Health)

...................................... 10

Bee Products ............................................. 36 (Energy and Immunity Boosting)

Vitamin B Complex

What is Vitamin B Complex?

B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play an important role in the metabolism of energy and macro molecules such as carbohydrates, fats and proteins. While many of the following vitamins work in tandem, each has its own specific benefits. For example, Vitamins B1, B2, B3, and biotin participate in different aspects of energy production, whereas vitamin B6 is essential for amino acid metabolism, and vitamin B 12 together with folic acid facilitate steps required for cell division.

List of B vitamins Vitamin B1, Thiamine

Vitamin B1

B1 helps the body make healthy new cells by acting as a cofactor in energy metabolism. It is often called an anti-stress vitamin because of its ability to protect the immune system, as well as to maintain membrane and nerve function. Thiamine is widely distributed in foods, mainly in meats, legumes, and enriched grains. It is easily destroyed by heat. Alkaline and alcoholic beverages interfere with its absorption.

DRI Recommended Intakes Men 1.2 mg/day Women 1.1 mg/day Chief Functions: Part of coenzyme active in energy metabolism Deficiency: Beriberi with possible edema or muscle wasting; enlarged heart, heart failure, muscular weakness, pain, apathy, poor shortterm memory, confusion, irritability, difficulty walking, paralysis, anorexia, weight loss Toxicity: None reported

Vitamin B2, Riboflavin

Riboflavin can be found mainly in dairy products, eggs, meat and legumes. It works as an antioxidant to prevent deterioration and early aging of cells. In addition, riboflavin utilizes Vitamin B6 and folate into active molecules. It is also important for the production of red blood cells, which is the

4

Thiamine

Vitamin B Complex

body’s main oxygen transporter. Riboflavin is easily destroyed by sunlight, and this is why milk is packaged in opaque containers;it keeps the Vitamin B2 from breaking down.

Interestingly, when there is a lot of vitamin B2 in the diet, urine turns bright yellow.

Vitamin B2

widely available in certain foods with large amounts being found in beef, soybeans, and egg yolk. It is one of the vitamins that is synthesized by beneficial bacteria in the human digestive tract. Therefore, deficiency is quite rare under normal circumstances. However, abuse of alcohol, intestinal problems and pregnancy increase the risk of deficiency, and the consequence is usually more severe than with other vitamins. Also, biotin is especially important during pregnancy because it is vital for normal growth of the baby.

Riboflavin

DRI Recommended Intakes Men: 1.3 mg/day Women 1.1 mg/day Chief Functions: Part of the coenzyme active in energy metabolism Deficiency: Cracks and redness at corners of the mouth; painful, smooth, purplish red tongue; sore throat; inflamed eyes and eyelids, sensitivity to light; skin rashes Toxicity: None reported

Vitamin B9, Folate/Folic acid

Vitamin B9, also known as folate or folic acid, can be found in large amount in mushrooms and green vegetables. Vitamin B9 is crucial for proper brain function and plays an important role in mental and emotional health. It also assists in the production of DNA and RNA, the human genetic materials, and is especially important when cells and tissues are growing rapidly, such as in infancy, adolescence, and pregnancy.

A newborn with vitamin B9 deficiency may develop birth defects, such as spina bifida, which is a neural tube defect characterized by incomplete closure of the bony encasement of the spinal cord.

In addition, vitamin B9 works closely with vitamin B6 and B12 to maintain the levels of red blood cells and homocysteine, which in high amounts is associated with heart disease.

Vitamin B3, Niacin

Like the other B complex vitamins, niacin is important for energy production. Two interchangeable forms of vitamin B3, NAD and NADP, are essential for conversion of dietary proteins, fats, and carbohydrates into usable energy.

Another primary role of niacin is to boost the level of HDL, the good cholesterol. Large doses have been used to treat hypercholesterolemia, the condition in which too much bad cholesterol is present in blood. The higher a person’s HDL, the less bad cholesterol in the blood. Fish, meats and enriched grains are good sources of vitamin B3.

Vitamin B9

Folate

DRI Recommended Intakes Adults: 400 ug DFE/day* Tolerable Upper Intake Level Adults: 1000 ug DFE/day* Chief Functions: Part of the coenzyme needed for new cell synthesis Deficiency: Anemia, smooth, red tongue; depression, mental confusion, weakness, fatigue, irritability, headache; a low intake increases the risk of neural tube birth defects Toxicity: Masks vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms

Vitamin B5, Pantothenic Acid

Pantothenic acid is responsible for the production of sex and stress-related hormones, including testosterone. Although vitamin B5 deficiency is rare, it can result in serious symptoms such as fatigue, stomach pains, and vomiting. The deficiency can cause severe burning and aching in the feet.

Vitamin B7, Biotin

Because of its association with healthy hair, skin and nails, biotin is known as “the beauty vitamin.” It is therefore found in many cosmetic and health products for the skin and hair.

However, it cannot be absorbed through hair or skin. It is

* Folate recommendations are expressed in dietary folate equivalent (DFE). Note that for natural folate source, 1 ug = 1 DFE; for enrichment sources, 1 ug = 1.7 DFE 6

5

Vitamin B Complex

Vitamin B6, Pyridoxine

Vitamin B6 helps regulate levels of the amino acid homocysteine, which at a high level is a risk factor for heart disease. Pyridoxine plays a role in mood and sleep patterns, since it induces the production of serotonin, melatonin and norepinephrine, chemicals that transmit signals in the brain. Also, Vitamin B6 is involved in the formation of myelin, a protein layer that forms around nerve cells.

Vitamin B6 also helps break down proteins. The more protein you eat, the more Vitamin B6 you need. Also Vitamin B6 is required for the production of red blood cells. Hemoglobin is a complicated protein in red blood cells. It delivers oxygen throughout the body.

The production of the heme part of the hemoglobin requires the presence of Vitamin B6.

VITAMINS

Vitamin B6

DRI Recommended Intakes Adults (19-50yrs): 1.3 mg/day Tolerable Upper Intake Level: Adults: 100 mg/day Chief Functions: Part of a coenzyme needed in amino acid and fatty acid metabolism; helps to convert tryptophan to niacin and to serotonin; helps to make hemoglobin for red blood cells Deficiency: Anemia, depression, confusion, abnormal brain wave pattern, convulsions; greasy, scaly dermatitis Toxicity: Depression, fatigue, impaired memory, irritability, headaches, nerve damage causing numbness and muscle weakness progressing to an inability to walk and convulsions; skin lesions

Vitamin B12, Cobalamin

Vitamin B12 works with other vitamins to produce red blood cells and DNA, and induces healthy nerve transmission.

Vitamin B12 works with vitamin B9 to produce red blood cells to create oxygen-carrying proteins and hemoglobin.

Cobalamin can be found in meat and meat products, and relatively small amounts in dairy products. A strict vegan or vegetarian is at risk of developing Vitamin B12 deficiency, which can lead to anemia. A mild deficiency may cause no symptoms, but if untreated, it may progress into megaloblastic anemia, in which red blood cells are larger than normal producing weakness, pale skin, and nerve and mental problems.

In addition,it is highly recommended that the elderly take Vitamin B12 supplements since their bodies are less able to absorb it.

Vitamin B12

Pyridoxine

Cobalamin

Vitamin B4 & B8

DRI Recommended Intakes Adults: 2.4 ug/day Chief Functions: Part of coenzyme needed for new cell synthesis; helps to maintain nerve cells Deficiency: Pernicious anemia; anemia (large-cell type); smooth tongue; tingling or numbness; fatigue, memory loss, diorientation, degeneration of nerves progressing to paralysis Toxicity: None reported

Vitamin B4 refers to distinct chemical compounds, none of which is currently considered a true vitamin. Adenine, carnitine and choline are designated in this vitamin group.

Adenine is a component of DNA structure. Choline is the precursor for the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, which is critical for nerve transmission. Carnitine is a component that affects bone mass and thyroid hormone action, although it is not an essential dietary nutrient for humans.

Vitamin B8,inositol, is found in many plants and animals. It is mainly used to balance certain chemicals in the body to help with conditions such as depression, panic disorder and high cholesterol.

6

Vitamin B Complex

NutridomB-Complex Medicinal Ingredients are: • Vitamin B1 (Benfotiamine) 30 mg • Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin-5’-phosphate) 30 mg • Vitamin B3 (Niachinamide) 25mg • Vitamin B4 (Choline bitartrate) 25mg • Vitamin B5 (D-calcium pantothenate) 25 mg • Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine hydrochloride) 25 mg • Vitamin B7 (Biotin) 50 ug • Vitamin B8 (Inositol) 25 mg • Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid) 500 ug • Vitamin B12 (Methylcobalamin) 250 mcg

Niacinamide serve the same function; the difference is in the reaction.

A source of Vitamin B6, Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate (P-5-P), is safer than pyridoxine. Many people have difficulty breaking down pyridoxine hydrochloride in the stomach.

P-5-P may be preferentially utilized by the body, especially under conditions of physiological or metabolic abnormality.

A source of VitaminB9, folic acid, is a special vitamin that is beneficial for women because it is known to decrease the risk of neural tube defects in newborns.

Overall, Nutridom B-Complex helps the body to metabolize carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It also helps to form red blood cells, and induce normal growth, development and tissue formation. Nutridom B-Complex contains all essential ten B vitamins. Only one capsule a day is required. The formulation is based on safety and effectiveness; the form of each B vitamin is selected based on clinical results.

A source of Vitamin B12, methylcobalamin has greater bioavailability and no toxicity, as does cyanocobalamin, which requires substances like glutathione for detoxification. Methylcobalamin is the specific form of vitamin B12 needed for nerve system health.

A source of Vitamin B1, Benfotiamine, is less toxic than thiamine hydrochloride (the most abundant source for Vitamin B1 on the market). It is penetrates the cell membrane more efficiently. Research shows Benfotiamine may be effective in treating diabetes.

A source of Vitamin B2, R5P (Riboflavin-5’-phosphate) is an active form of riboflavin. A compromised digestive system can adversely affect the conversion from riboflavin to R5P, resulting in less absorption by the upper GI tract.

A source of Vitamin B3, Niacinamide, is less likely to cause hot flushing at high doses than niacin. Niacin and

7

Cranberry 25X

What is Cranberry?

Cranberry, a North American fruit, is a small, evergreen shrub grown from Alaska to Tennessee. Pink to red coloured fruits bloom from May to August and have a long history of use among native American Indian tribes, primarily for the treatment of bladder and kidney ailments. Canada produces an annual volume of 20 million kg of cranberries from 1150 hectares of land.

Cranberries were also used as a poultice to treat wounds and blood poisoning. Sailors used the berries as a scurvy preventative. Nowadays, cranberry juice and supplements are effective urinary acidifiers and even used in Eastern European cultures to reduce fever and, because of their folkloric role, in the treatment of cancers.

it is called renal parenchyma, and if in the prostate, it is called bacterial prostatitis. UTIs are one of the most commonly acquired bacterial infections in ambulatory and hospitalized populations. Approximately 11% of all women over the age of 18 in the United States have a UTI each year. The incidence of UTIs is highest among women between 18-24 years. Much research shows that drinking cranberry juice or taking certain cranberry extracts can lower the risk of repeated UTIs. Neurogenic bladder Cranberry is also used for neurogenic bladder (a bladder disease), as well as to deodorize urine in people with difficulty controlling urination. Some people use cranberry to increase urine flow, kill germs, speed skin healing, and reduce fever.

What are Benefits

Antioxidant Researchers at a human research center suggest that the abundance of phytonutrients and antioxidants present in cranberries provides protection against problems that may accompany aging. Cranberries provide therapeutic properties by protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals which contribute to aging.

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) A urinary tract infection (UTI) affects the kidneys, ureters, bladder, or urethra, all passageways for urine flow. Depending on where the bacteria (E.coli) are located and how they multiply, determines the type of infection. If the infection develops in the bladder, it is called cystitis. If it is in the kidney,

8

Cranberry 25X

Cranberry How do I check if I have UTI? Urinary tract infections (UTI) have distinctive symptoms. Pain or a burning sensation during urination is the most common symptom. A feeling of urgency is another common symptom among acute and chronic UTI patients. If there is fever and an altered appearance of the urine, either bloody or cloudy, it could indicate a kidney infection . Also, tiredness and weakness are quite common.

we recommend cranberry powder that is extracted and concentrated.

How does it work?

Supplements According to Health Canada, almost 30 grams of fresh cranberry fruit is needed per day to prevent a UTI and to have an antioxidant effect. This is equivalent to one liter of cranberry juice (not sweetened) or 2 pills of concentrated extract.

Cranberry works for urinary tract infections by making the urine acidic and, therefore, unlikely to support the growth of bacteria. Moreover, some of the chemicals in cranberries keep bacteria from sticking to the cells that line the urinary tract where they can multiply. In addition, cranberry contains significant amounts of salicylic acid, which is an important ingredient in aspirin. Drinking cranberry juice regularly increases the amount of salicylic acid in the body, which eventually reduces swelling and prevents blood clots;it may also have antitumor effects.

Raw cranberries are a source of phytochemicals, particularly polyphenols, which have possible beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, immune system and cancer.

Cranberries also contain a high amount of non-dialyzable material that is under research for its potential to prevent tooth decay and kidney stone formation.

Nutridom Cranberry 25 X • Canadian cranberries from upper lands in Ontario and Quebec • Highest concentrated extract powder (25X) processed in Canada • Provides daily dose equivalent to 25g of raw cranberries • Vegetable capsules Why is it better than other Cranberry products?

CCranberries grow from May to August, and only fullyripened fruit is harvested in the fall season. To provide the best quality fruit, we select only berries that are protected against the frost . A system whereby water is applied through a sprinkler to the cranberries protects the ripening fruit from freezing. This occurs anytime the temperature drops below damaging levels, usually between late evening and early morning hours. It is considered the best way to preserve the quality of the cranberry, and only these berries are chosen and processed for our product.

Taking only 2 capsules (1 capsule, 2 times a day) provides the maximum amount needed for therapeutic effect.

How Can I take it?

Food & Juice Raw, fresh cranberries are hard and bitter. However, they have moderate levels of vitamin C, dietary fiber and the essential dietary mineral, manganese, as well as other essential micronutrients in minor amounts.

Nutritionally, one cup of cranberry juice contains only 45 calories. Its major composition is water (87%), and the rest is protein, carbohydrates, various minerals and vitamins.

In order to obtain maximum medical benefit of cranberry,

9

CoQ 10

What is Co Q 10?

10

CoQ 10

Coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10) is a natural antioxidant synthesized in body cells. It is naturally present only in small amounts in a wide variety of foods, but high amounts can be found particularly in organs with higher energy requirements such as the liver, heart and kidneys. CoQ 10 comes in two forms: ubiquinol, the active antioxidant form, and ubiquinone, the oxidized form, which the body converts to ubiquinol. Nowadays, both types are available in supplements and deliver pretty much the same therapeutic effects: antioxidant, heart protective and migraine prophylactic.

Coenzymes help enzymes to catalyze biological reactions such as digestion and energy production.

The beneficial effects of CoQ 10 are focused on its vital role in oxygen utilization and energy production, particularly in heart and skeletal muscle cells.

A typical North American diet includes approximately 10 mg of CoQ 10 daily, thus taking CoQ 10 supplements is recommended to meet the daily value. Although, CoQ 10 can be synthesized in the body, deficiency occurs due to disease, low dietary intake, or CoQ overuse. Symptoms of deficiency include high blood pressure, chest pain and heart failure in severe cases.

Benefits of CoQ 10 Antioxidant claim Coenzyme Q 10 has been studied for use as an antioxidant to protect cells from damage.

As an energy carrier, the CoQ 10 continuously goes through an oxidation-reduction cycle. As it accepts electrons, it becomes reduced. As it gives up electrons, it becomes oxidized. In its reduced state, the CoQ 10 holds electrons rather loosely, so CoQ 10 molecules easily give up one or both electrons, thus, acting as an antioxidant.

Early studies proved that CoQ 10 also provides antioxidant benefits by preventing the production and propagation of lipid peroxyl radicals - a harmful substance from fat metabolism which damages the cell. Unlike other antioxidants, CoQ 10 inhibits both the initiation and the propagation of this step, providing more potential benefit in cardiovascular disease.

Heart claim (Cardiovascular claim) Coenzyme Q 10 assists in maintaining the normal oxidative state of LDL cholesterol, helps assure circulatory health, and supports optimal functioning of the heart muscles. Studies in both animals and humans proved significant association between decreased levels of CoQ 10 and a wide variety of heart diseases. Since CoQ 10 is naturally found in high concentration in heart muscle cells, deficiency is shown to be associated with cardiovascular diseases such as angina, arrhythmia, heart failure and high blood pressure.

A clinical study found that patients on daily CoQ 10 were less likely to have subsequent heart attacks and chest pain. The patients were less likely to suffer from heart diseases than those who did not take the supplements. In addition, several studies involving small numbers of people showed that taking CoQ 10 lowers blood pressure by up to 17 mm Hg in 4 to 12 weeks.

Migraine Prophylactic claim Migraines are severe disabling headaches that affect up to 17 percent of the population. A study from Neurology found that Coenzyme Q10 plays a role in reducing the number and severity of migraine headaches. Among 43 patients, a group who took 100 mg of CoQ 10, three times daily, reported significantly reduced frequency and severity of headaches than a placebo group.

Cautions Coenzyme Q 10 is safe for most adults when taken by mouth or when applied directly to the gums because CoQ 10 is well tolerated in the human body. However, since CoQ 10 is a powerful antioxidant that helps decrease blood pressure, taking CoQ 10 along with medications for high blood pressure might need consultation with a health care practitioner.

Nutridom CoQ 10 There is no official daily value recommendation for CoQ 10, but our research team believes that taking 100 mg of supplemental CoQ 10 2-3 times per day is recommended for therapeutic effect.

Since, CoQ 10 is insoluble in water, taking it with a meal containing fat is recommended for absorption. Nutridom CoQ 10 is packed in lipidbased soft-gels for absorption and freshness.

11

Liver Health

Liver: Introduction

There is currently no way to compensate for the absence of liver function in the long term, although liver dialysis can be used in the short term.

Interesting Facts The liver is an abdominal organ located between the stomach and the diaphragm. It is the largest internal and most metabolically-complex organ in humans. The liver performs over 500 different functions including fighting off infection, neutralizing toxins, manufacturing proteins and hormones, controlling blood sugar and helping to clot the blood.

Here are a number of conditions that could occur when the liver fails:

- Infection Our immune system is compromised as liver

cells that play an important role in fighting infection fail. About 70% of the body’s macrophages that fight infection reside in the liver. Infection could cause further complications.

The liver is the only organ that can regenerate itself, thus making it possible for one person to donate part of their liver to another person. When a portion of the liver is transplanted, the donor’s liver will regenerate back to its original size while the transplanted portion will grow to the appropriate size for the recipient.

- Blood Clotting Problem Liver cells make blood clotting factors, very important in case of injury. When we are short on these factors, even a small injury or minor bleeding could cause prolonged or excessive bleeding, and could be lifethreatening

When Liver Fails

- Metabolic Problems Liver failure means fat-soluble vitamins cannot be absorbed, alcohol cannot be detoxified, and blood glucose levels could be uncontrollable. A further complication includes kidney failure due to sodium imbalance and hypotension

When liver failure occurs, many dire events follow; one could progress from jaundice to a coma within a few hours to a few weeks. In many cases a liver transplant is the only option.

12

Liver Health

What Role Does the Liver Play In Our Body Detoxification of Alcohol

Digestion And Hormone

For some of us, alcohol is associated with times of partying, relaxation, and social gatherings. Some brag about their drunken episodes. For others, it brings unpleasant or painful memories. Maybe you have been fined for a)drinking and driving b)driving under the influence, or perhaps you have woken up in the hospital emergency or in an ambulance. Try to sit back and remember what happens when you get drunk: difficulty walking straight, blurred vision, slurred speech, slow reaction time, and impaired memory. To summarize: brain damage.

Although “folklores” report approximately seven stages of drinking, to make it more simple, we will start by breaking it down into three stages: 1. When you drink alcohol, it enters your bloodstream.

This stage is when people supposedly report feeling happier, relaxed, or sociable. Your liver attempts to break down the alcohol. When excess alcohol is consumed beyond the capacity of your liver, it starts to affect your brain.

2. This is the stage where you start finding it hard to walk straight, coordinate complex movements, complete tongue twisters, and/or speak in full sentences or in a logical way. This is why when police pull you over, they check whether you are able to walk in different directions without jerking, or whether your eyes jerk when following a flashlight.

This stage might also involve individuals puking and sleeping.

3. . Finally, when one has consumed so much alcohol that he or she cannot recall key details of events or even entire events, a “black-out” happens. This is when one wakes in the morning, in the bed or perhaps elsewhere, asking “How did I get home? What happened last night?”.

During stage 1, the liver attempts to break down the alcohol.

By stage 2, the amount of alcohol has already exceeded liver capacity, and excess alcohol circulates into your brain.

Without the liver, or if the liver does not function properly, a sip of alcohol might begin at stage 2. Prolonged consumption of alcohol increases the risk of irreversible brain damage and other adverse conditions.

When we consume food, it goes through a system of digestive organs and processes to be digested. The digestive system consists of digestive organs and accessory organs.

Digestive organs include the mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Accessory organs include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas.

Although classified as an accessory organ, the liver plays an important role in digestion. Without the liver, a person would die quickly from lack of energy and nutrients. Major functions of the liver are regulated by a liver cell called the hapatocyte, which makes up 70-85% of the liver mass.

Bile

The hapatocyte produces “bile,” a fluid that aids with the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. Bile is stored in the gall bladder, another accessory organ. When food containing fat reaches the small intestine, bile is released, breaking down fat into smaller pieces and making it easier for the body to digest.

Metabolism

Once carbohydrates, fat and protein are digested, they enter the bloodstream in the form of glucose, fatty acids and amino acids. Hepatocytes regulate metabolism by absorbing these from blood in the hepatic portal vein. In the liver, fatty acids are metabolized and used to produce energy. A few amino acids from dietary proteins are broken down into ammonia and urea for excretion, and the rest are used to 13

Liver Health produce energy. In particular, hepatocytes regulate glucose metabolism. They absorb excess glucose from the veins, and when glucose levels are too low, they release glucose into the bloodstream.

the following factors cause liver disease: viral hepatitis, obesity, alcohol, drugs, cancer, and genetics. Viral hepatitis is inflammation of the liver due to infection by viruses. Of the many forms of viral hepatitis, Hepatitis A and B are preventable by vaccine, but Hepatitis C is unpreventable.

Hepatitis C is the leading cause of liver transplants in Canada.

Cancer originating in the liver is often caused by Hepatitis B and C, and due to the high volume of blood circulating in the liver, the liver is susceptible to secondary cancer (metastasis).

Obesity is a leading cause of fatty liver disease, where excess fat is stored in liver cells, eventually leading to inflammation and scarring of the liver. When we consume too much alcohol, the liver is required to detoxify the alcohol continuously and liver cells can be destroyed or altered, resulting in fat deposits, alcoholic hepatitis and permanent scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). When drugs and toxins enter the body, the liver is the primary site for processing them; as a result, liver cells are most frequently exposed to these toxins. Overexposure to these chemicals leaves the liver more vulnerable to acute and/or chronic liver diseases. Due to genetics, certain people are deficit of certain genes. As a result, they might be exposed to certain forms of liver disease such as Wilson Disease and Glycogen Storage Disease.

Hormone

The liver is also actively involved in the regulation of hormones through both production and breakdown. The best known example would be Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF-1). It is a hormone that plays an important role in childhood growth.

Primarily produced by the liver, IGF-1 promotes growth in almost every cell in the body, including skeletal muscles, bones, and nerve cells. The liver is also a major production site for angiotensinogen which stimulates angiotensin to maintain blood pressure. In addition, the liver produces thrombopoietin which stimulates bone marrow to produce more platelets, and hepcidin which regulates iron levels in the body.

Liver Disease And Health There are over 100 known forms of liver disease caused by various factors affecting infants to older adults. Many liver diseases still have unknown causes. Most frequently,

er v i P o L r T o r s t u e o c Y t p i T

2

Drinking Moderately, Avoid Smoking

Drink alcohol only in moderation. Drinking too much alcohol can damage the liver in many ways.

When alcohol enters the liver, liver cells try to break it down.

This chemical reaction creates reactive oxygen species, and an intermediate in this reaction, acetaldehyde, is a known carcinogen. The exact mechanism by which this contributes to alcohol toxicity is still under discussion; scientists believe that the oxidative stress promotes cell death in the liver.

1 Healthy Eating Habit

Try eating organic foods as much as possible. Your diet represents one of the biggest potential burdens on your liver, as many foods are contaminated with pesticides, growth hormones and chemical additives. By eating organic foods you are opting for the purest foods possible, which means you are saving your liver from a slew of toxins. By definition, organic foods must be free from genetically-modified organisms, synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, antibiotics, growth hormones and other drugs.

Smoking may not directly harm liver cells. However, liver cells are the cells that try to break down chemicals from smoking. This also puts oxidative stress on liver cells, and when exposed to chemicals for an extended period of time, liver cells will eventually become damaged and less efficient at processing and removing toxins from our body.

3 Liver Health Supportive Supplements

Consume sulfur-rich foods, such as onions, garlic and all the vegetables in the cruciferous family (broccoli, kale, collard greens, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, etc.) These are known to help your liver detoxify environmental toxins, including prescription drugs and pesticides. Vegetables are also an excellent source of fiber, which helps toxins to move through your digestive tract, reducing stress on your liver.

Turmeric, cinnamon and licorice are also known to support healthy liver function.

There are many herbs, foods, and health supplements which could promote and/or protect liver health. It is important to note that these are not a cure-all for liver problems and should be paired with a healthy diet and exercise. Common ingredients used in liver health supplements include: N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine, Milk Thistle, Artichoke, Burdock, Broccoli and Dandelion Root, which detoxify the liver, increase bile production, and/or protect liver cells from damage.

14

Milk Thistle

Milk Thistle

What are the Benefits Liver Health

There are over 300 research studies on milk thistle use and benefits that back up its proven value in liver health today. Many of these studies were carried out in Europe, and now milk thistle is a prescribed medication in Europe. Milk thistle is one of the herbs approved by the Commission E for its beneficial effects on liver-related diseases such as toxic liver damage, inflammatory liver disease, and cirrhosis.

An active component of milk thistle, silymarin, comes from the seed extract and offers proposed liver detoxification.

Silymarin, a bioflavonoid complex, is both an antiinflammatory and antioxidant, and is responsible for the main medical benefits . According to studies, milk thistle protects the cells of the liver by blocking the entrance of harmful toxins and helping remove these toxins from liver cells.

Silymarin makes milk thistle a powerful antioxidant. It works to maintain health and energy by protecting the body from damage caused by free radicals and lipid peroxidation, which can injure healthy cells and tissues. Also, milk thistle stabilizes the liver cell membrane and stimulates protein synthesis while accelerating the process of regeneration in damaged liver tissue. Last, milk thistle optimizes the production of bile, and therefore makes fat digestion and absorption easy on the liver.

What is Milk Thistle?

Help Lower Cholesterol level

Milk thistle, or silybum marianum, is the most wellresearched plant for liver health. It has been used for over 2,000 years as a natural treatment for liver problems including cirrhosis, jaundice, hepatitis and gallbladder disorders. Milk thistle is a flowering herb related to the daisy and ragweed family. It can grow to be ten feet tall with flowers that are red and purple in color. Milk thistle gets its name from a milky white fluid in the plant’s leaves when they are crushed.

Originally a native of Southern Europe through to Asia, it is now found throughout the world;it is often called by different names such as Mary Thistle or Holy Thistle.

Its use for treating liver ailments dates back to the ancient Greeks, and this herb has also been used in Chinese medicine for a very long time. By the 15th century physicians used it as a blood cleansing herb. In the late 16th century, milk thistle was used as a remedy for obstructions of the liver and the spleen Infusions from the fresh root were used to dissolve and excrete gall stones. Physicians in America at the turn of 20th century used a tincture of milk thistle for liver and kidney disorders and gallstones. Currently, Health Canada NHPID (Natural Health Product Ingredient Database) states that milk thistle is used in herbal medicine as a liver protectant to support liver function.

A clinical research suggests that milk thistle, combined with traditional treatment, can improve diabetes. Other studies also have shown a decrease in blood sugar levels and an improvement in cholesterol in people with type 2 diabetes.

This lowering LDL, “bad� cholesterol level, by milk thistle helps decrease the chance of developing heart disease too.

Remember, diabetes is a serious condition. Ask a primary health practitioner before taking any supplement, as milk thistle may interfere with diabetic medication.

Nutridom Milk Thistle Nutridom Milk Thistle uses pharmaceutical-grade milk thistle seed extract from the fresh European milk thistle plant, standardized to 80% silymarin. A daily dose contains 400 mg silymarin, and all our products are tested in the laboratory prior to production to ensure quality and safety. Effectiveness and safety of Nutridom Milk Thistle have been reviewed by Health Canada (NPN 80024649), and all products are made in a GMP certified facility.

15

Magnesium

What is Magnesium?

Magnesium is one of the minerals in the human body that is naturally present in many foods and in the human body in large amounts. It is the 11th most abundant element by mass, and an average adult has approximately 22-26 g of magnesium, with 60% present in the bones and the rest in muscles and other cells. Only less than 1% of total magnesium is present in blood serum, and these levels are kept under tight control.

Magnesium is an important cofactor in more than hundreds of enzymes and 300 chemical reactions that keep bodies in proper function, including proper growth and maintenance of bones. Magnesium plays a key role in protein and fatty acid formation, activation of B vitamins, relaxation of blood vessels and the process of blood clotting. Magnesium is also required for proper functioning of nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and many other functions in the body.

For example, in the stomach, magnesium helps neutralize stomach acid and helps move stools through the intestine.

What are the Benefits?

As an important cofactor, magnesium has various effects on the human body. Clinically, it is proven to be effective for constipation, heartburn and high blood pressure. Magnesium works as a laxative for constipation and for preparation of the bowel for surgical or diagnostic procedures. It is also used as an antacid for acid indigestion. Also, taking magnesium regularly reduces symptoms of heartburn. Among various forms, magnesium hydroxide is proven to work the fastest. Magnesium helps to reduce levels of “bad” cholesterol called low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and helps to increase levels of “good” cholesterol called high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. These two lipoproteins are key factors that control blood pressure.

Even though more research is needed, magnesium has proven somewhat effective for heart-related conditions. Not only intravenously, but also regular intake of magnesium helps to treat a certain type of irregular heartbeat. In addition, it may possibly be effective for anxiety, weak bones, athletic performance and skin disease. Taking magnesium may help treat mild to moderate anxiety disorder. Also, magnesium helps prevent bone loss in older women with osteoporosis. A study suggests that taking estrogen along with magnesium appears to increase bone strength in older women better than estrogen alone. Some athletes use magnesium to increase energy and endurance during athletic activities. In some cultures, people put magnesium on their skin to treat infected skin ulcers, boils, carbuncles and to speed up wound healing. It is also used as a cold compress in the treatment of a severe skin infection caused by strep bacteria, and used as a hot compress for deep-seated skin infections.

16

Magnesium How Much Magnesium Do You Need?

Intake recommendations for magnesium and other nutrients are provided in the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine in collaboration with Health Canada. RDA is the term describing the average daily dietary nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. Those whose daily intake is less than RDA value have magnesium deficiency and have higher risk at developing chronic magnesium deficiency, which is harder to treat than acute.

How Much Magnesium Do You Need?

Intake recommendations for magnesium and other nutrients are provided in the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) developed by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine in collaboration with Health Canada. RDA is the term describing the average daily dietary nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Those whose daily intake is less than the RDA amount could have magnesium deficiency and have a higher risk of developing chronic magnesium deficiency, which is harder to treat than acute.

Recommended Dietary Allowance of Magnesium

Recommended DietarySupplements, AllowanceHealth of Magnesium Source: Monograph: Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Canada, 2015

Source: Monograph: Multi-Vitamin/Mineral Supplements, Health Canada, 2015

Life Stage Group Children

1-3 y 4-8 y 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y > 70 y 9-13 y 14-18 y 19-30 y 31-50 y 51-70 y > 70 y 14-18 y 19-50 y 14-18 y 19-50 y

Adolescent Males Adult Males

Adolescent Females Adult Females

Pregnancy Breastfeeding

17

Magnesium (mg/day) 80 130 240 410 400 420 420 420 240 360 310 320 320 320 400 355 360 315

Magnesium

What What is is magnesium magnesiumdeficiency? deficiency?

ienc c i f e D m u i s e n g a What is M

y?

Dietary intakes of of magnesium areare lower than Dietary surveys surveysof ofpeople peopleininthe theUnited UnitedStates Statesconsistently consistentlyshow showthat that intakes magnesium lower than recommended thethe United States meet thethe RDA, andand recommendedamounts. amounts.AAreport reportsays saysthat thatonly only32% 32%ofofpeople peopleinin United States meet RDA, adult men aged 71 years and older and adolescent females are most likely to have low intakes.

According adult men aged 71 years and older and adolescent females are most likely to have low intakes. According to (NHANES), average intakes of of to the the data data from fromthe theNational NationalHealth Healthand andNutrition NutritionExamination ExaminationSurvey Survey (NHANES), average intakes Dietary surveys of people in the United States main two reasons why people develop habitual low magnesium supplements areare included, magnesiumamong amongsupplement supplementusers userswere werehigher higherthan thanit itofofnon-users. non-users.When When supplements included, consistently show that intakes of magnesium are lower intakes.

Also, excessive loss of magnesium is common average total intakes of magnesium were well above RDI levels. average total intakes of magnesium were well above RDI levels. than recommended amounts. A report says that only with alcoholism due to the kidney filtering too much 32% of people in the United States meet the RDA, and out ofmodern the body.

Chronically low serum Magnesium deficiency due to low dietary intake is not uncommon inin modern times.

Consumption of of Magnesium deficiency due to low dietary intake is notmagnesium uncommon times.

Consumption adult men aged 71 years and older and adolescent magnesium levels are associated with metabolic processed areare main two reasons why people processed foods foodsand anddepletion depletionofofmagnesium magnesiumfrom fromagricultural agriculturalsoils soils main two reasons why people females are most likely to have low intakes. According syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2, and hypertension. develop is is common with alcoholism duedue to to develop habitual habituallow lowintakes. intakes.Also, Also,excessive excessivelosses lossesofofmagnesium magnesium common with alcoholism to the data from the National Health and Nutrition Signs of magnesium deficiency can vary from mild loss kidney filtering too much magnesium out of body.

Chronically low serum magnesium levels are kidney filtering much magnesium out of of body. Chronically serum magnesium are Examination Surveytoo (NHANES), average intakes of appetite,low nausea, vomiting, fatiguelevels and weakness to associated with metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2, and hypertension. associated with metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2, and hypertension. magnesium among supplement users were higher than high blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, and insomnia. that of non-users.

In the late stage, magnesium deficiency may result in Signs of magnesium deficiency can vary from mild loss ofofappetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue andand Signs of magnesium deficiency can vary from mild loss appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue When supplements are included, average total intakes depression, insomnia, osteoporosis and leg cramps at to high pressure, irregular heartbeat, InIn late stage, magnesium deficiency weakness towere highblood blood pressure, irregular heartbeat,and andinsomnia. insomnia. late stage, magnesium deficiency ofweakness magnesium well above RDI levels.

Magnesium night or after exercise.

Severe magnesium deficiency may depression, insomnia, and atatnight oror after exercise.

Severe may result result depression, insomnia, osteoporosis andleg legcramps cramps after exercise.

Severe deficiency due to low dietary intake isosteoporosis not uncommon may result innight hypocalcemia or hypokalemia (low calcium deficiency may ininhypocalcemia ororhypokalemia calcium potassium levels in in inmagnesium modern times.

Consumption of processed foods orhypokalemia potassium (low levels incalcium blood)orbecause the body cannot magnesium deficiency mayresult result hypocalcemia (low or potassium levels and depletion of magnesium from agricultural soils are adequately keep its mineral homeostasis. blood) because body adequately keep itsits mineral homeostasis. blood) because bodycannot cannot adequately keep mineral homeostasis.

and non-users Comparison of Daily Daily Magnesium MagnesiumIntake Intakebetween betweensupplement Supplementusers Users and Non-users Non-Users Users Non-Users Users Male Male 268 268mg mg

Female Female 234 234mg mg

Male Male 449 mgmg 449

Female Female 387387 mgmg

el v e L m u i s e n g a Your M bone and cells, the most commonly used method and readily ow Knmost Eventhough magnesium Eventhough most magnesiumisisinside inside bone and cells, the most commonly used method and readily Know Know Your Your Magnesium MagnesiumLevel Level

available serum magnesium concentration. available method methodfor forassessing assessingmagnesium magnesiumlevel levelisismeasurement measurementofof serum magnesium concentration.

Other areare available, butbut nono single method Other methods methodssuch suchas asmeasuring measuringmagnesium magnesiumlevel levelininsaliva salivaand andurine urine available, single method Even though most magnesium is inside the bones 0.95 millimoles (mmol)/L. This level is mainly controlled is considered satisfactory. is considered satisfactory.

and cells, the most commonly used and readily by the kidney, which excretes approximately 150 mg available method for assessing magnesium levels is magnesium into the urine eachrange day.

Ifbetween the magnesium The should 0.75 The amount amount of of magnesium magnesiumininblood bloodisisinintight tightcontrol, control,and anditsitsconcentration concentration should range between 0.75 the measurement of serum magnesium concentration. status is low, urinary excretion is reduced.

This is why and 0.95 millimoles (mmol)/L. This level is mainly controlled by the kidney, which excretes and 0.95 millimoles (mmol)/L. This level is mainly controlled by the kidney, which excretes Other methods such as measuring magnesium levels in people with kidney problems usually have either approximately status is low, urinary approximately150 150mg mgmagnesium magnesiuminto intothe theurine urineeach eachday. day.If Ifthethemagnesium magnesium status is low, urinary saliva and urine are available, but no single method is magnesium deficiency or toxicity. To comprehensively excretion usually have either magnesium deficiency excretion isis reduced. reduced.This Thisisiswhy whypeople peoplewith withkidney kidneyproblem problem usually have either magnesium deficiency considered satisfactory. evaluate magnesium status, we recommend both or toxicity.

To comprehensively evaluate magnesium status, wewerecommend both laboratory tests stated or toxicity.

To comprehensively evaluate magnesium status, recommend both laboratory tests The amount of magnesium in blood is in tight control, laboratory tests as stated above and a clinical stated above and assessment from above and aa clinical clinicalshould assessment fromhealth health carepractitioner. practitioner. and its concentration range between 0.75care and assessment from a health care practitioner.

Hypomagnesemia Hypomagnesemia

Less Less than than0.75 0.75mmol/L mmol/L

Serum millimoles=mmol) SerumMagnesium MagnesiumLevel Level( unit: ( unit: millimoles=mmol) Normal Normal

0.75 0.75- -0.95 0.95mmol/L mmol/L

18

Hypermagnesemia Hypermagnesemia

More than 0.95 mmol/L More than 0.95 mmol/L

Magnesium

Sources of Magnesium

Recommended Supplement

Foods

In general, food is an excellent natural source of magnesium. High fibre foods are high in magnesium and widely distributed in plants and also in animal foods. Legumes, whole grains, green leafy vegetables, seeds, and nuts are excellent sources. Other sources include dairy products, meats, coffee, fortified foods, and even water. However, remember the amount of magnesium in water varies by brand and source and ranges from 1 mg/L to more than 100 mg/L. According to USDA food charts, five foods with the highest magnesium per typical serving are: halibut, mackerel, boiled spinach, brand breakfast cereal, and almonds. One serving of halibut (3 oz)provides 23% of the daily recommended amount of magnesium.

In general, people get enough magnesium from their diet but only 30% to 40% of the dietary magnesium consumed is absorbed and used by the body. The actual magnesium content of products grown today is drastically lower than in pre-industrial times. Thus, a wise meal planning and supplement choice would be essential in most people with busy lifestyles.

Dietary Supplements

Magnesium supplements are available in a variety of forms, including magnesium carbonate, chloride, citrate, hydroxide, oxide, sulfate and so on. Both the amount and absorption of elemental magnesium varies depending on the type. Thus, it is important to know which kind is the best for you.

In general, forms of magnesium that dissolve well in liquid are better in terms of absorption in the gut than less soluble forms. Commonly available forms, magnesium oxide and sulfate, are usually less absorbed and bioavailable than other forms such as magnesium aspartate, bisglycinate, citrate and chloride.

Nutridom Magnesium Bisglycinate (capsule and powder)

• Amino acid chelated to enhance bioavailability (4 times more absorbed than magnesium citrate) • Stable form for improved absorption • Higher dosage (up to 400 mg of daily dosage for elemental magnesium) • Vegetable capsules and easy-to-use powder form

Why is it better than other magnesium products?

Magnesium bisglycinate is magnesium bound to the amino acid glycine.

The best magnesium is the one that does not break down in the digestive process and is absorbed in the intestinal (gut) wall and further into the blood stream. Many researchers found that amino acid chelated minerals are better for bioavailability than other forms. The bisglycinate form of magnesium passes into the cell via the human body’s natural amino acid transportation. Therefore, it is better able to cross the blood brain barrier, making it an excellent choice for anyone with depression and/ or anxiety.

Other commonly available forms of magnesium , such as magnesium oxide and citrate, often cause diarrhea because of poor absorption. Magnesium bisglycinate rarely causes diarrhea and is four times more absorbed than other forms.

19

Serrapeptase

What Is Inflammation Inflammation is the body’s natural reaction to injury or wounds. It is a series of protective responses that aim to contain the injury at the initial site. This helps to protect the body from general infection, allergic reactions, and further bleeding. This protection, however, comes with a wide range of symptoms, such as mucous, stuffy nose, swollen throat, swelling, pain and fever, to name a few.

When an injury happens, acute inflammation occurs within a few seconds or minutes. Acute inflammation is characterized by one or more of following: pain, redness, swelling, immobility and heat.

The degree and duration of inflammatory responses differ from person to person and case by case. However, some people might suffer from chronic inflammation, a condition in which the inflammatory process is ongoing.

Chronic inflammation could pose serious health threats. Medical conditions such as Ulcerative Colitis, Asthma, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease are a few examples of chronic inflammation.

Obesity and the Risk of Inflammation There is an interesting trend that links obesity to a higher risk of inflammation. In fact, some define obesity as a chronic inflammatory disease.

For instance, at the physical level, being overweight can exert greater pressure and stress on the knee joints, accelerating the onset of osteoarthritis.

As well, obesity significantly increases the risk of fatty liver, which in turn increases the risk of hepatitis and inflammation of liver.

At a physiological level, some research findings suggest that obese people tend to have higher levels of inflammatory markers.

In one finding, unfit men or those with high BMI, had higher levels of white blood cells. Another study showed that obese patients also tend to have higher levels of fibrin, another marker of inflammatory response.

20

Serrapeptase

What are possible treatments for inflammation?

1. NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are a conventional treatment. These relieve the pain of inflammation by decreasing the secretion of the enzyme that creates inflammation. Naproxen, Ibuprofen and Aspirin are examples of NSAIDs. There is growing concern about the long term side effects and potential deficiency of NSAIDs. Stomach ulcers and even life-threatening hemorrhaging are a couple of those threats.

2. Professional rehabilitation therapists treat pain and inflammation. Techniques used include heat therapy, cold therapy, electrical stimulation, traction, massage and acupuncture. Which service to choose, length and efficacy of treatment seem to vary with a lot of factors including age, gender, type and location of the damage.

3. Other options include applying ice or cool water to the inflammation site. In addition, some herbs and health supplements such as devil’s claw, turmeric and willow bark have anti-inflammatory effects.

What is Serrapeptase?

Serrapeptase is an enzyme produced by serratia bacteria living in silkworms. Silkworms use it to dissolve their cocoon while emerging from the moth.

Researchers have applied this unique characteristic to modern medicine. Serrapeptase has been used as a drug in Europe and Asia for more than 25 years, and it is used increasingly in North America.

What makes Serrapeptase interesting and distinct from other enzymes is that it affects only non-living tissues. This is due to Serrapeptase targeting a specific protein. According to Health Canada, Serrapeptase reduces swelling and pain from inflammation. It is a proteolytic enzyme, used to reduce the symptoms of pain, quantity of secretion, ability to perceive smell, stuffy nose and ears, and nose and/or throat infections.

It is also a mucolytic enzyme, which helps break down mucous.

Research is currently conducted on using Serrapeptase for fibrous blockages in coronary arteries.

causes pain and soreness. Serrapeptase has been indicated to block the release of Bradykinin, thus reducing pain.

Serrapeptase Reduces Inflammation

Serrapeptase is known to break down fibrin, a protein involved in blood clotting. It contains infection at the initial site. In prolonged inflammation, fibrin converts healthy tissue to a fibrous matrix which maintains inflammatory responses.

Serrapeptase is used in various ways, including:

- Promoting respiratory health - Thinning mucus (ear, nose, throat) - Relieving pain and inflammation associated with various conditions such as allergies and allergic reactions, as well as post-surgery swelling.

Serrapeptase Reduces Pain

Pain is triggered by the presence of a protein called amine. When tissue inflames, an amine called bradykinin

21

Serrapeptase

Nutridom Serrapeptase 120,000 Each capsule of Nutridom Serrapeptase 120,000 contains 120,000 Serrapeptase units. A serrapeptase unit is a measurement of Serrapeptase’s ability to break down protein.

Is Serrapeptase Safe?

Serrapeptase has been used in Europe and Asia for more than 25 years as a drug.

There have been many research studies that have proven the efficiency and safety of Serrapeptase.

Serrapeptase has also been approved to be safe and efficient by Health Canada.

Currently, Serrapeptase is included in the Natural Health Ingredient Database.

Nutridom Serrapeptase, the quality you can trust - Enteric-coated to protect the enzyme - Vegetable capsules with vegetable-derived enteric coating - The highest potency on the Canadian market (120,000 Units)

Nutridom Serrapeptase is effective for the following symptoms: - Reduces secretions from the ears, nose and/or throat infections.

- Breaks down mucous.

- Reduces sinus congestion associated with seasonal allergies - Reduces sinus pain due to sinus congestion and a stuffy nose

Why Enteric Coating?

Serrapeptase is an enzyme.

serrapeptase and even if it reaches the small intestine which has the optimal pH of 7-9, it will not revert back to a normal state.

By enteric coating the capsule, making it resistant to stomach acid, Serrapeptase is dissolved in the small intestine, and it is, thus, absorbed in its activated form.

Enzymes are effective only within a certain pH range. A pH too high or too low will denature the enzyme and its function.

This change is permanent. Optimal pH at which Serrapeptase brings benefit is a pH within the range of 5-9.

Stomach acid denatures Serrapeptase.

When taken orally, Serrapeptase must first go through the stomach to reach the small intestine where it is absorbed.

The small intestine has a pH range of 6 to 7.4, optimal for Serrapeptase activity. However, stomach acid has a pH level of 1.5 to 3.5, and is acidic enough to denature Serrapeptase.

Denatured Serrapeptase is nothing more than an enzyme with no active function.

Enteric-coating protects Serrapeptase.

Generally, a capsule or tablet is dissolved by stomach acid, and its content is released into the stomach. If ingested uncoated, Serrapeptase will be released into the stomach, which has a characteristic pH of 1-3. This will denature

22

The Diamond of the Forest

Chaga Mushroom Known by the Japanese as ‘the diamond of the forest’, by Siberians as ‘the gift of god’ and ‘the mushroom of immortality’, chaga mushrooms have been widely used as a great herbal medicine for centuries by Siberians and the Chinese.

What is Chaga Mushroom?

Chaga mushrooms are non-toxic mushrooms with extremely high amounts of antioxidants. These mushrooms differ from other mushrooms, as they grow by extracting nutrients from living trees instead of dead ones. Chaga mushrooms primarily grow on birch trees and are only found in the coldest locations of the northern hemisphere. This unique factor makes them exclusive to Russia, Eastern Europe, Canada, Korea, and some parts of the United States. In addition to this exclusivity, Chaga mushrooms take at least five years to mature, and are very rare. Also, they cannot be cultivated. Attempts to cultivate them have resulted in significantly reduced and different bioactive constituents.

The appearance of Chaga mushrooms is similar to that of burnt wood on the outside; on the inside they are orange. The mushroom is harvested on selected birch trees only once in 20 years. In addition, out of a hundred trees harvested, only 2 to 3% of the harvested mushrooms are certified as “superior grade”. Many commercial foragers are highly motivated to harvest them because of their high value.

Chaga mushrooms contain several beneficial bioactive constituents. Their antioxidant content is among the

highest of any herb or fungus in the world.1 Antioxidants aid in preventing cell damage, lowering the risk of diseases and conditions such as cancer and aging.2 They also contain considerable amounts of betulin and betulinic acid, which several studies show to have anti-cancer effects.3 Betulin is also effective to balance and maintain the metabolic system in the body. Aside from these powerful constituents, Chaga mushrooms also contain B vitamins, minerals such as copper, calcium, and zinc, as well as essential enzymes.1 These constituents are essential for daily life, and deprivation of these nutrients will result in reduced immunity and increased risk of disease. Also, regular consumption of Chaga mushrooms has been shown to help boost the immune system. This is due to the beta-glucans in them which stimulate the production of antibodies and help to improve the immune system overall.4 By supporting the function of your immune system, Chaga can help keep unwanted pathogens out of your body, which in turn can help to protect you against many illnesses.

23

Chaga

Superiority of Canadian Chaga Mushrooms Higher Melanin Concentration

From Unpolluted Northern Canada

Canadian Chaga mushrooms have higher concentrations of melanin than those found in other regions, thus providing more antioxidant activity and anti-cancer effect This is because Canadian Chaga mushrooms receive relatively higher amounts of ultraviolet light compared to those found in other regions. Canadian Chaga mushrooms, as a result, produce more melanin and contain higher concentrations of Vitamin D.1

Chaga mushrooms are known to have higher quality nutrients when they are grown in colder regions because they are able to store valuable nutrients in themselves. Despite this fact, most commercially marketed Chaga mushrooms tend to be harvested in warmer climates because it is faster and cheaper. Northern Canadian Chaga Mushrooms are slowly grown in extremely cold weather where there is no environmental contamination. This is why they are better quality than the ones harvested from other regions.

Composition of Chaga Mushrooms Betulinic Acid

Antioxidants

The most valued constituent in Chaga mushrooms is betulinic acid. This acid is naturally formed by the mushroom using the betulin fed from the birch tree that the mushroom resides on.

Betulinic acid is more biologically active than betulin, as it is more soluble and ingestible.5 Betulinic acid is effective against lymphatic disorders and tuberculosis, and recent clinical studies have shown that it is also effective against tumors.5

The Chaga mushroom has extremely high levels of Superoxide Dismutase, an antioxidant that works for nearly every single cell in the body.1 Antioxidants benefit health by removing free radicals from the bloodstream. They have a wide range of health benefits. Some studies have shown that antioxidants reduce the signs of aging by minimizing wrinkles and preserving the texture of the skin. They can even protect the skin from sunlight by reducing the incidence of sunburn.

Different antioxidants benefit different parts of the body.

For instance, the beta carotene found in carrots can help to maintain eye health. The lycopene found in tomatoes can contribute to prostate health. Chaga mushrooms have demonstrated antibacterial, anti-malarial, anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, and antiviral properties.1,8

Beta-Glucan Like many other medicinal mushrooms, Chaga mushrooms are rich in beta-glucans, which perform immuno-modulating activity. Since cancer cells consist of our own body cells, the immune system does not recognize them as foreign. Hence, the cancer cells grow without interference from the immune system. Beta-glucans bind to the complement receptor 3 (CR3) that allows the immune cells to recognize cancer cells as foreign, and eliminate them.6 Also, beta-glucans are involved in modulating blood cholesterol levels. Studies have shown that regular consumption of food containing beta-glucans reduces the cholesterol level in the blood, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases.7

Adaptogens Chaga helps us to ‘adapt’ to our surroundings and respond accordingly without stress. Stress creates havoc on all levels for our general health. When a person faces the ‘change,’ adaptogens help a person adapt and respond to that change by stabilizing physiological processes through an alteration of metabolic and hormonal pathways.

24

Chaga

Major Benefits of Chaga Mushroom often permanent.

It is important that our cells protect themselves from this damage so they can continue to work in harmony. Antioxidants are molecules that fight oxidation. Simply put, antioxidants minimize and mitigate the oxidizing effect of free radicals.

Chaga mushrooms have an extremely high concentration of the antioxidant superoxide dismutase. SOD has the ability to reduce oxidation damage in nearly every single cell in our body.

Boosts Immune System Against Diseases and Infections The immune system classifies Chaga as an adaptogenic Biological Response Modifier (BRM). It not only stimulates the body’s immune function when necessary, but can also slow it down when it’s overactive. The beta-glucans are widely known to be responsible for their adaptogenic action, but many researchers believe it is actually the synergy between several, if not all, constituents that are responsible for this.

Because of this property, Chaga can be used to neutralize the side effects of pharmaceuticals, to compensate for agerelated declination of our immune function, and, in general, to help us deal with stresses that negatively impact our daily lives.

Betulinic acid and the phytosterols in Chaga also play an important part in boosting the immune system. Betulinic acid, one of the unique components of Chaga, has demonstrated anti-HIV properties.9 In folk medicine, chaga was often used to treat gastritis and gastrointestinal related problems. Since most ulcers are caused by bacteria such as helicobacter pylori, a well functioning immune system will reduce the risk.

A high quality Chaga extract includes the sclerotium, the outer layer of Chaga. Sclerotium contains a massive amount of a specific fungi-melanin and antioxidants, boosting your immune system further.

Supports Cardiovascular Health There are two forms of cholesterol- LDL (Low- Density Lipoprotein) and HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein). Cholestrol helps with many body functions such as hormone production.

However, a high concentration of cholesterol can clog and narrow arteries. HDL could actually work to remove cholesterol from arteries, but LDL could be an artery-clogging plague. High LDL could jeopardize your cardiovascular health by constraining the amount of oxygen arteries carry to the heart. Research has suggested that the betulinic acid which is present in high concentration in Chaga mushrooms can help break down ‘bad’ cholesterol in the bloodstream.1 In addition, studies regarding ß-glucans, a part of the polysaccharides in Chaga, indicate that they can lower cholesterol levels.

Provides Antioxidants Oxidation is a chemical process that happens in our body everyday. Individual cells use oxidation to harmonize and maintain normal body function. Although necessary, at the same time oxidation yields free radicals, which cause damage or death to cells. Free radicals can affect any cell in our body.

It can be your brain cells or your liver cells, and this damage is

Harvesting Methods 12 High quality Chaga mushrooms are found on birch trees found in cold climate regions. Chaga mushrooms are harvested using various tools, as it can be as hard as wood.

Chaga is extracted from the trees carefully, since the damage to the core of the tree will kill the tree. Only the external portion of the Chaga should be harvested, leaving the core intact so that a new Chaga can grow back.

Chaga mushrooms are not harvested from dead trees which do not provide nutrients to Chaga. These are usually

harvested during the winter after 20 consecutive cold days below 5°C, when they have more nutrients and less moisture. This is crucial, since the concentration of nutrition is proportional to the effectiveness of Chaga’s benefit.

Increasing demand of Chaga is leading to an overharvesting of Chaga during anytime of the year. This poses a threat to both the Chaga and birch trees. The most sustainable harvesting happens every 3 to 4 years, giving mushroom enough time to grow back.

25

Chaga

Nutridom Chaga Nutridom Pure Chaga

Nutridom Chaga 20x

Vitamin

Chaga Capsule

Chaga Tincture

Chaga 20x Powder

Multi-Vitamin Chaga

120 Vegetable Capsules

30 ml (1 Oz.)

124 g

60 vegetable capsules

Nutridom Whole Chaga Mushroom Nutridom Chaga Mushroom Chunk

Nutridom Chaga Tea

225 g Pure Canadian Chaga mushroom chunk

160 g Suitable for fast & easy brewing with tea infusers / conventional coffee makers

How to brew chaga chunk

How to use Chaga Tea

1. Cool 500cc of boiled water to 60째c.

2. Brew Chaga chunks (~10g/ 500cc) in hot water for 5 to 6 hours.

3. Dice or grind softened Chaga chunks.

4. Mix the 500cc of water with Chaga pieces in 2000cc of boiling water cooled to 70째c.

5. Steep for 48 hours.

6. Drink 200cc 3 times a day before a meal.

7. Steep the drained Chaga as a tea.

Steep/ brew a teaspoon of ground Chaga (3g) in a cup of water (250 ml) for 4 to 6 minutes.

Ground Canadian Chaga Tea is suitable for use with tea infusers and also conventional coffee makers.

26

Q & A

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS daily diet?

Q: Where does Chaga come from and why are birch trees important?

Chaga

A:

There are many benefits of using Chaga. Commonly, it is used as a daily tonic. It is a powerful adaptogenic herb with an amazing nutritional profile to support the body’s general health and ability to balance itself. Chaga is an excellent natural source for B-complex, plant sterols, SOD, and beta glucans. Benefits include improved vitality and well-being.

A: Wild birch trees grow in northern climates, north of

the 45th parallel where they have to endure challenging weather conditions. From the hot summers to the extremely cold winters, wild birch trees need the most powerful of nutrients to withstand the harsh environment.

The Chaga mushroom benefits from these powerful nutrients.

Q: Is chaga safe?

A: Yes. Chaga is completely natural and there have been

Q: What makes chaga so special?

A: It is a dense powerhouse of 215 potent and unique

no reported side effects in several thousand years of use. Furthermore, there are no known conflicts in using Chaga. It is completely safe to use every day, even many times a day. It is recognized as a nutritional supplement, and is produced under Good Manufacturing Practices for supplements.

phytonutrients. Some of these nutrients, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), polysaccharides, betulin and betulinic acid only come from a limited number of sources. Chaga is nature’s richest source of these unique compounds, and it delivers these nutrients in a whole food, bioavailable form. Chaga, and its constituents are the subject of extensive research.

Q: What is superoxide dismutase?

A: SOD is an antioxidant enzyme needed for the

entire body. SOD is the main antioxidant responsible for counteracting superoxide, which is one of the most common and most damaging free radicals in the human body. Normally, SOD is created by the body, but by ages 25-30 the level of enzymes needed to create SOD in any significant amount diminishes. This makes Chaga an essential supplement to any diet, especially for those 25 years and older.

Q: What are the benefits of supplementing Chaga into a

REFERENCES >>

1. Ingram, Cass. D.O. Wild Forest Chaga—The King of All Herbs, Mushroom of Immortality. 2010.

2. Park YK, Lee HB, Jeon EJ, Jung HS, Kang MH. Chaga mushroom extract inhibits oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes as assessed by comet assay. Biofactors.2004;21(1-4):109–112.

3. Lemieszek MK et al. Anticancer effects of fraction isolated from fruiting bodies of Chaga medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus (Pers.:Fr.) Pilát (Aphyllophoromycetideae): in vitro studies. Int J Med Mushrooms.

2011;13(2):131-43.

4. Kim, Yong Ook; Park, Hae Woong; Kim, Jong Hoon; Lee, Jae Young; Moon, Seong Hoon; Shin, Chul Soo (2006). “Anti-cancer effect and structural characterization of endo-polysaccharide from cultivated mycelia of Inonotus obliquus”. Life Sciences 79 (1): 72–80.

5. Jonnalagadda SC, Corsello MA, Sleet CE. Betulin-betulinic acid natural product based analogs as anti-cancer agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 2013 Dec;13(10):1477-99.

6. Caifa Chen WZ, Gao X, Xiang X, et al. Aqueous Extract of Inonotus obliquus (Fr.) Pilat (Hymenochaetaceae) Significantly Inhibits the Growth of Sarcoma 180 by

27

Inducing Apoptosis. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol. 2007. 2(1):10-17.

7. Aarsæther E, Straumbotn E, Rösner A, Busund R. Oral β-glucan reduces infarction size and improves regional contractile function in a porcine ischaemia/reperfusion model. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012 Apr;41(4):919-25.

8. Hyun KW, Jeong SC, Lee DH, Park JS, Lee JS. Isolation and characterization of a novel platelet aggregation inhibitory peptide from the medicinal mushroom, Inonotus obliquus. Peptides. Jun 2006;27(6):1173-1178.

9. Qian K, Bori ID, Chen CH, Huang L, Lee KH. Anti-AIDS agents 90. novel C-28 modified bevirimat analogues as potent HIV maturation inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2012 Sep 27;55(18):8128-36. Epub 2012 Sep 14.

10. Sawada N, et al. Betulinic acid augments the inhibitory effects of vincristine on growth and lung metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells in mice. Br J Cancer. 2004 Apr 19;90(8):1672-8.

11. Lu X, Chen H, Dong P, Fu L, Zhang X. Phytochemical characteristics and hypoglycaemic activity of fraction from mushroom Inonotus obliquus. J Sci Food Agric.

2010 Jan 30;90(2):276-80.

12. Thornton, Dwight. “Fiddlehead Heaven - Harvesting Chaga.” How To Harvest Chaga Mushrooms. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Feb. 2014.

Moringa

What is ‘Moringa’?

Moringa, also known as “drumstick tree,” is a fastgrowing tree, native to the Himalayan Mountains in northwestern India. The moringa tree grows best in dry soil and is drought tolerant. It grows well even in soil of poor quality, such as in sandy soils of the coastal areas. Due to its superior cultivating quality and nutrient-rich edible parts, the moringa is researched and actively cultivated by several NGOs for the purpose of reducing poverty and malnutrition in developing countries.

Moringa, the Natural Nutrition For the Tropics

Although many parts of the moringa are edible, the leaves are the most nutritious part of the plant.

They contain three times more iron than spinach and are loaded with tons of vitamins, including vitamin C and vitamin A, calcium, potassium and protein, as well as powerful antioxidants.

Nutrients

Common food

Vitamin A as beta-carotene

Carrot

X2

Calcium

Milk

X14

Potassium

Banana

X4

Protein

Yogurt

X2

Vitamin C

Orange

X7

Iron

Spinach

X9

Fiber

Oats

X4

Moringa Concentrated Extract

Moringa trees have been used to combat malnutrition, especially among infants and nursing mothers. Moringa can endure dry environments and grows extremely fast. It is especially promising as a food source in the tropics because the tree is in full leaf at the end of the dry season when other foods are typically scarce.

Moringa oleifera leaf powder was as effective as soap for hand washing due to its antiseptic and detergent properties. Soap is essential for basic hygiene to prevent diseases and infections which can be fatal for the people of developing countries.

Moringa also has been used in folk medicine.

In Ayurvedic traditional medicine, the leaves are believed to affect blood pressure and glucose levels. In Africa, Indonesia, and the Philippines, moringa leaves are given to nursing mothers in the belief that they increase lactation.

Moringa seed cake, obtained as a byproduct of pressing seeds to obtain oil, is used to filter water to produce potable water for animal or human consumption. It removes most impurities from water, is nontoxic and more sustainable than other water filtering methods.

To recognize the value of the plant, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations has featured moringa oleifera as the Traditional Crop of the Month in September 2014

Benefits of Moringa

- Currently with its high content of nutrients, moringa is recommended for energy enhancement by researchers and doctors. Compared to common

* Gram per gram comparison, common foods vs. Moringa oleifera leaves (Dried, powdered)

28

Moringa Moringa Pure

-

Pure Indian Moringa Powder 500 mg Vegetable Capsule 120 Capsule 2 capsules, 2 times per day

Moringa Concentrated Extract

- Concentrated 4 times - Easy to use powder - 124 g

foods, each serving has twice as much Vitamin A as carrots, 14 times as much calcium as milk, four times the amount of potassium as a banana, twice as much protein as yogurt, seven times the amount of Vitamin C in an orange, nine times the amount of iron as in spinach and four times the amount of fibre in oats.

The moringa plant yields health benefits from the roots to the sap. First, moringa plants are rich in phytochemicals and other antioxidants.

Phytochemicals are compounds produced by plants that have health benefits. Seeds, in particular, protect the liver and help to normalize blood pressure through their antioxidant properties.

- Traditional Indian Ayurvedic medicine uses the flowers, gum, bark, roots and seeds of moringa trees for heal. Practitioners use Moringa for its antibacterial, antiviral, anti-fungal, antidepressant

-

Concentrated 4 times Vegetable Capsule 120 Capsule 1-2 capsule(s), 2 times per day

and anti-inflammatory properties. Moringa gum is used to treat headaches, fever, dysentery, asthma and intestinal cancer.

- Moringa plant compounds have significant antibacterial properties. A 2010 study found that moringa seed and leaf extracts killed Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria.

Moringa extracts are also effective against Salmonella typhimurium, a germ that causes dysentery and inflammation of the stomach and intestines. In addition, the researchers found that moringa has significant anti-fungal activity.

Nutridom Moringa Products

Nutridom Moringa products are produced with pure Indian moringa powder which is selected with the highest quality standards.

2x Vitamin A 4x Potassium 14x Calcium 2x Protein 29

4x Fiber

9x Iron 7x Vitamin C

Elk Velvet Antler

What Is The Velvet Antler?

Moose, elk and deer produce new antlers yearly (primarily males, except caribou/reindeer). When the new antler grows, it is covered with short hair which looks like “velvet”. It is referred to as ‘velvet antler’. This grows rapidly from about March or April until July.

Velvet antler refers particularly to the whole cartilaginous antler at a pre-calcified stage, rather than the velvety “skin” on growing antlers. The antler will become hardened (calcified) and will fall off before spring. The antlers, both calcified and the soft new ones, are an important ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine.

Harvesting of New Antlers As the antler is renewable, removing the velvet antler does not harm or kill stags. In some countries, such as Australia, New Zealand and Canada, deer are subject to local anesthesia and restrained during antler removal. The procedure is supervised by licensed veterinarians. Typically, the antler is cut off near the base when it is about two-thirds of its potential full size, between 55 to 65 days. Therefore, the antler is harvested before any significant calcification occurs.

The procedure is generally done around June in the Northern Hemisphere and December in the Southern Hemisphere.

Most of the world’s supply of velvet antler come from red deer and elk or wapiti. New Zealand has a large deer farming industry. It is the world’s largest producer of deer velvet antler, making 450 tons per year. China produces 400 tons annually. Russia produces 80 tons annually. United States and Canada each produce 20 tons annually.

30

Elk Velvet Antler

The Benefits of

Velvet Elk Antler Velvet antler usage in traditional Chinese medicine Velvet antler has been considered a nutritional tonic ingredient and has been widely used in China for more than 2,000 years. Traditionally, in Asia, the antler is dried and sold as slices. Then, tea is prepared by boiling slices in water, usually with other herbs and ingredients. This tea has long been used to: - Treat impotence in men - Modulate the immune system - Increase blood production in anemia - Improve blood circulation - Improve muscle strength and mental alertness - Treat infertility in women Deer velvet antler can be divided into sections, each with unique medical purposes in traditional Chinese medicine. The upper section, called a wax piece, is used as a growth tonic for children.

The middle section, called a blood piece, is used to treat adults with arthritis and related disorders.

The bottom section, called a bone piece, is used for calcium deficiency and geriatric therapies.

The tip is the most expensive and sought-after part of the antler.

Velvet antler usage in Western dietary supplements In the West, antler is dried and powdered, and consumed in capsule form as a dietary supplement.

Famous athletes worldwide have noted the velvet antler product as a performance enhancer.

In particular, Canadian elk antlers have been a preferred source of velvet antlers for decades due to their superior size and quality.

Velvet antler benefit explained Pure Canadian (Alberta) elk velvet antler powder is loaded with 24 amino acids, chondroblasts, chondroitin sulfate, glucosamine sulfate, glycosaminoglycans (mucopoolysaccharides) and anti-inflammatory agents. Together, they provide the following benefits: ① Enhances Energy – Elk velvet antler increases energy and muscle strength, and reduces fatigue.

For this reason, body builders have been using elk antler for decades. ② Slows Down Aging – Elk velvet antler contains pantocrin which accelerates the natural process of regeneration within the body. It helps to maintain physical and mental function in elderly people. ③ Arthritis Relief – Elk velvet antler provides nutritional support for joint structure and function.

It is rich in chondroitin sulphate, which has a powerful anti-inflammatory benefit.

31

Elk Velvet Antler

Canadian Elk Velvet Antler program in October 1996. In August 2002, Alberta’s Mandatory CWD Surveillance Program was implemented.

Nutridom Canadian Velvet Elk Antler is harvested from registered Alberta Elk farms. Over 45,000 farmed and wild cervids in Alberta have undergone monthly CWD testing since 1996. This data, along with the guidelines for Elk Antler harvesting by the veterinarian association and CFIA regulation are available for the public on the Chief Provincial Veterinarian websites.

How is it harvested?

Health Canada, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, and the Alberta government have set strict regulations for the practice of elk ranching. Elk are raised on spacious farms with plenty of room to roam. This free-range environment promotes healthy and normal development.

All elk processed in Alberta undergo mandatory and rigorous testing. Elk ranching is a governmentregulated industry controlled under the Livestock Industry Diversification Act. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) regularly inspects elk herds and tests for illnesses.

The antler removal process is approved by veterinarians. The harvesting is done under a protocol developed with the Alberta Veterinary Medical Association. This protocol requires training and certification of the owners/operators so that it is done humanely.

How Is It Superior?

- Higher potency- 500mg of Elk Velvet Antler pow¬der with vegetable capsules.

- Health Canada Reviewed and Approved- NPN # 80044338 - Made in a safe environment with GMP practices.

- Safe- Directly from Alberta Elk Farms providing safety guidelines and CWD testing data for the public on a monthly basis.

Is It Safe? Is It Free of CWD? Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a progressive, fatal, degenerative disease of the brain affecting elk, mule deer and white-tailed deer. CWD belongs to a group of related diseases called Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs), which include Scrapie in sheep and goats, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) in humans. CWD is not the same as BSE. TSEs are caused by abnormal proteins, called pri¬ons, which accumulate in the brain. There is currently no treatment or vaccine available.

Alberta initiated a voluntary CWD surveillance

32

Collagen

What Is Collagen?

Collagen comes from the Greek word for “production of glue.”

Collagen is the main structural protein of various connective tissues and body parts in animals and humans. These include key organs including the lense of the eye, artery walls, bones and intestines.

Collagen consists of protein chains bound in a tight triple helix, with great tensile strength. An exact molecular structure of collagen has been researched by renowned scientists for a very long time.

A total of 28 types of collagen have been identified and described so far, each expressed by a unique gene, and each playing an important role in our body.

Examples of Collagen Types are: - Type I: most abundant collagen in the body. It is found in the skin, tendons, vascular ligatures, organs,

bones, teeth, artery walls and many more.

- Type II: makes up for 50% of all cartilage protein. It is also found in the space between the lens and retina of the eye.

- Type III: tissue that forms on the surface of a wound. It is also found in artery walls, skin, intestines and the uterus.

- Type IV: found in the lense of the eye, capillaries and the nephron in the kidney.

Collagen gives structure to key organs in the body.

Genetic defects or mutation of collagen leads to many adverse medical conditions. These include osteogenesis caused by Collagen Type I, resulting in weak bones.

Joint Structure

The simplest description of a joint in the body is “the meeting place of two or more bones.”

Our body is made of rigid bones. Joints connect bones together, providing mechanical support and allowing movement such was walking, running, and moving. Without joints, every step we take would be extremely painful due to bones colliding into each other, and causing friction.

Joint complex is made of bones, muscles, cartilage, tendons, ligaments and connective tissue. Lack of normal function of any part of the musculoskeletal system can jeopardize joint health.

Muscles keep the bones in place and allow movement of the bones.

Cartilage is the material that covers the end of bones in normal joints. Its main function is to reduce friction in the joint and serve as a “shock absorber.” About

60% of dry weight of cartilage is Collagen Type II which provides strength to the cartilage. ① The tendon is a band of fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones. Normal healthy tendons are an array of collagen fibers held together. 86% of dry weight of tendons is Collagen Type I. ② Ligaments connect one bone to another. Similar to tendons, ligaments are bands of fibrous connective tissues consisting of collagen fibers.

70% of dry weight of ligaments is Collagen Type I. ③ Bones consist of collagen fibers and inorganic bone material. 6-70% of bone’s total dry mass is mainly collagen fiber.

33

Collagen

Types of Joints in Our Body Hinge Joint - Knee and elbow joints, allow us to bend and flex Pivot Joint - allows one bone to rotate around another as at the top of the neck; it lets you to turn your head from side to side.

Ball and Socket Joint - A joint found in the shoulder and the hip. Made of bone with a rounded end that sits inside another bone with a cup-shaped opening. This joint allows the movement of bones in several axisforwards, backwards, towards and away from the body’s midline.

Saddle Joint/ Condyloid Joint - Found in the base of the thumb (Saddle) and wrist (Condyloid), it allows movement in all directions, but not axial rotation.

Gliding (Plane) Joint - A gliding joint is a freely-moving joint in which the articulations allow only gliding motions. It is found mainly between vertebrae, the wrist and ankle.

Cells in Your Joints The synovial membrane is soft tissue found between the articular capsule and joint cavity in synovial joints. The inner layer of the synovial membrane has two types of cells: synovial fibroblasts and macrophages.

SYNOVIAL FIBROBLASTS manufacture hyaluronic acid which lubricates the surface of the joint, allowing free movement when two bones cross each other.

They also produce extracellular matrix and collagen, which add to the mechanical structure of the joint.

MACROPHAGES are responsible for the removal of undesirable substances from the synovial fluid. When foreign cells or substances are present, macrophages engulf, digest and remove them.

T HELPER CELLS coordinate immune system activity.

When macrophages engulf foreign bacteria, viruses and/or other harmful substances, T-helper cells bind to these macrophages. This leads to a series of reactions wherein the body recognizes and destroys the offending cells.

OSTEOCLASTS control the amount of bone tissue.

Osteoblasts form bone, and osteoclasts re-absorb bone, therefore regulating just the right amount of bone tissue. This process is critical for maintenance and repair of compact bones. For example, when a bone fracture occurs, osteoclasts play an important role in breaking down bone and releasing minerals back to the blood for osteoblasts to utilize.

CHONDROCYTES are found in healthy cartilage.

They produce and maintain cartilaginous matrix which includes collagen.

34

Joint Disorders- Arthritis

Collagen

Joints can be damaged by many injuries or diseases, including arthritis. Arthritis, from simply years of use of joints, may cause the joints to wear away. This can cause pain, swelling and stiffness. Osteoarthritis is degeneration of joint cartilage and underlying bone due to bones becoming weaker and fragile from the loss of connective tissue.

An increasing number of people suffer from joint disorders. The main risk factors are age, genes, obesity, and repeated injury from sports or work. ① According to Osteoporosis Canada statistics, osteoporosis: - Can strike at any age; bone loss can start in the mid 30s.

- Can result in lower self-esteem, reduction or loss of mobility, and decreased independence.

- At least 1/3 women and 1/5 men will suffer osteoporosis in their lifetime. In a family of five, one person is likely to have it. ② Common symptoms or warning signs of osteoarthritis include: - Deep, aching joint pain, more severe with activity; the pain may subside with rest.

- Transient joint stiffness after a period of rest (such as getting up in the morning or after a long time spent sitting).

- Swelling and stiffness in one or more joints. ③ Following are a few tips that could reduce the risk

of osteoarthritis.

Maintain your ideal body weight Higher body weight increases stress on the joints.

For example, a 10-pound gain in weight exerts 30-60 pounds of force on the knee. Similarly, higher BMI (Body Mass Index), a measure of body fat and obesity, is associated with a higher risk of osteoarthritis.

Stay Active Exercise! Regular exercising not only helps you maintain weight, but also relieves fatigue, eases stiffness and strengthens muscles.

Practice Good Posture Poor posture is one of many causes of joint damage.

A simple task of practicing good posture, such as keeping your back straight, can maintain your joint health.

Hydrolyzed Collagen from gallus (chicken) Hydrolyzed collagen is rich in 8 out of 9 pure forms of essential amino acids at a very high concentration.

Hydrolyzed Collagen plays three key functions.

1. Hydrolyzed Collagen helps to reduce joint pain associated with osteoarthritis. Scientists believe this is due to hydrolyzed collagen accumulating in the cartilage, and stimulating collagen production by chondrocytes.

2. Hydrolyzed Collagen promotes joint health by

strengthening and maintaining the cartilage and joint complex. This stimulates chondrocytes, key cells in collagen production. In particular, lysine is a critical component of collagen triple helix structure, and helps with collagen formation.

3. Several studies show that a daily intake of hydrolyzed collagen increases bone mass density. It is suggested that hydrolyzed collagen stimulates osteoblast activity- increasing bone mass production.

35

Bee Products

Common Myth Around Honey

1 Honey is Healthy

True. Bees produce honey to feed the bees in the nest. Honey and propolis are used to protect the queen bee from disease and infection.

NUTRIDOM Royal Jelly 1000 mg 120 Softgels

NUTRIDOM Royal Jelly 1000 mg 60 Softgels

2 Honey has a toxin, and is dangerous

False. Botulinum, a toxin used to paralyze muscles when injecting Botox,(it contributes to wrinkle reduction), is, in fact, produced from honey. However, honey itself is far from being dangerous or toxic. An unprocessed toxin doesn’t harm the body at all.

NUTRIDOM Fresh Royal Jelly 250g 1 bottle

NUTRIDOM Bee Propolis Capsules 500mg 120 Vegetable Capsules

honey means 3 Crystallised it has gone bad

False. Crystallization actually vouches for the quality. It is an indication the honey has not gone through significant processing that it is pure, as it came from the beehive.

NUTRIDOM Bee Propolis Spray 30 ml 1 bottle

NUTRIDOM Bee Propolis Spray Gift Pack / 30 ml 6 bottles

Honey Bees Bees are flying insects related to wasps and ants. They are known for their role in pollination, produce honey and beeswax.

Bees have been a fixture in mythology and folklore since an ancient time. In early traditions bees were known as “little servants of Gods,” and killing bees was considered a bad luck.

Wales folklore believes a bee flying around a sleeping child means the child will live a happy life.

In Europe, honey bees are symbol of sexuality, chastity and fertility. They are also considered to be an image of human soul because they are able to navigate back to their nest from a great distance.

In Egypt, it was a common practice to place bees and honey in tombs as offering to the spirits of the dead; honey was found to be stored in a jar back in Egyptian times, some of which were found in tombs of Pharaoh.

36

NUTRIDOM Raw honey 1 kg 1 bottle

NUTRIDOM Acai Raw honey 1 kg 1 bottle

NUTRIDOM Bee Pollen Gold Small / 200 g 1 bottle

NUTRIDOM Bee Pollen Gold Large / 1 lb 1 bottle

Bee Products

Human and Bee are Similar!

Unlike other creatures, honey bees have amazing community- similar to that of human society! Many theorists including Aristotle and Plato compared the bee community to human society.

Like humans, bees form a community of their own, working together to build nests, find food, and protect their own kind. In the nests, there are family members of several generations.

They feed each other, divide labour, enforce monarchy, tend to the young, fight invaders, and in times of death, lose sight of morality and violently rob weaker colonies.

Divided into Queen, Drone, and Worker bees, each member has specific tasks to do, and a single bee cannot grow or survive by itself.

Why Choose Nutridom Canadian Honey Products?

All products are: - CFIA(Canadian Food Inspection Agency) registered facility - Natural - Sustainably harvested without permanently damaging beehives.

Premium quality you can trust: - Little or no processing

- No preservatives added - Preserved enzymes, nutrients and helpful compounds for full spectrum of taste and health benefit.

Known adverse reactions - Hypersensitivity, such as allergies, has been known to occur; in which case, discontinue use immediately.

Nutridom

Royal Jelly is a honey bee secretion that is fed to the larva of all bees, including queen bees. Drones and worker bees are fed royal jelly for the first three days of life. Queen bees are fed royal jelly until their complete transformation into adults.

Rich nutrients in royal jelly allows queen bees to grow larger, become sexually mature, and have a longer life span.

Royal Jelly is rich in B complex vitamins (including high concentrations of Vitamins B5 and B6), minerals, enzymes, amino acids, Vitamins A, C, D and E, nucleic acids (to make RNA and DNA), and acetylcholine.

It has been used in traditional medicine in Europe and Asia for longevity.

Nutridom Royal Jelly Premium: - Enhances energy.

- Promotes healthier hair and skin.

- Promotes a stronger immune system.

- Reduces stress levels.

37

Bee Products

Nutridom

Bee Pollen

Nutridom

Bees are very important pollinators, moving pollen within flowers and allowing flow-ers to fertilize and reproduce.

Bee pollen carried to the nests is used as a food for larva.

Crops that rely on bees for pollination and fertilization include kiwifruit, cucum¬bers, carrots, apples and many more.

Nutridom Bee Pollen uses pollen collected from bee hives in North America. In order to maximize the quality and quantity of fruits and vegetables,a maximum of only one hive per acre of crops was placed.

Hives were placed when blossoms bloom and were removed when petals drop, before any spraying takes place which might affect bees.

Nutridom Bee Pollen: - Boosts the immune system - Helps relieve allergy symptoms - Increases energy level and endurance

Nutridom

Raw Honey

Honey bees produce honey using nectar collected from flowers.

It is a naturally sweet food, highly nutritious with enzymes and antioxidants. Honey has a long history of human consumption, as a sweetening agent, flavouring agent, for religious purposes and many other uses.

Our Raw Honey is non-pasteurized (non-processed) to preserve the natural flavour, nutrients and health benefits of honey.

Processing honey causes damage to or loss of its nutrients, small pollen grains, and bee wax suspended in raw honey.

Nutridom

Acai Honey

Nutridom Honey is now available in Acai flavour.

Nutridom Acai Honey contains 95% pure non-pasteurized raw honey and 5% Acai extract.

No additional processing was applied.

38

Bee Propolis Honey bees collect propolis from tree buds, sap or other botanical sources. When taken back to the hive, it provides: Structural Support - Propolis fills unwanted open spaces in the hive, adding to struc¬tural stability and stopping intruders from entering.

Immune Support: - Propolis is a natural antibacte¬rial and antibiotic agent. It dis¬infects the beehive, boosts the immune system and protects bees from disease and infection.

Nutridom Bee propolis: - Has been traditionally used in herbal medicine to help relieve minor inflammations and sores of the mucous membranes of the mouth.

- Also provides antioxidants for the maintenance of good health.

The product descriptions in this booklet are for general information purposes only, and are not intended as medical advice, which can only be administered to each individual by qualified health professionals. These statements have not been evaluated by any government body. These products are not intended to treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Before starting

This booklet is written by members of the research team at David Health International.

any new program, it is recommended that you check with a qualified health care practitioner, especially if you have a specific medical problem or are taking any medication.

Every attempt has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this booklet; however, David Health International will not be responsible for errors or accidental

David Health International Located in Toronto

omissions. If you require further product information, or should

Customer Service Davidhealth.cs1@gmail.com

you have any questions, please call or visit our web site at www.canadiannatural.ca

Research Team Davidhealth.rd@gmail.com

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any

www.canadiannatural.ca 1-855-387-1010

information storage or retrieval system, without permission from David Health International.

40