U R BA N F I LT E R Ya-Ying Liu_ NTUT Dept of Architecture 2012-2013
The project aims to metabolism physically, economically and socially an obsolete infrastructural landscape by exploring the urban potentials of combing wastewater treatment processes with new urban metabolism, by that challenging the social and environmental issues resulting from Taipei city expansion.
Intro
Nature
Human Interfered Nature
Industrial Revolution
Ultra High-rise Building
Urban Expansion
Lacking Water
Pollited Water Released
Lack of Parling Spaces
FACTS OF WATER World Population 1960 : 3,039,4 million 2010 : 6,848,9 million 2060 : 9,615,1 million Water consumption Low developed countries : 20 litres per day (7.5 m3 per year) Developting countries : 60-150 litres per day (20 m3 per year) Developed countries : 500-800 litres per day (300 m3 per year) Water Scarcity About one-third of the world's population lives in countries suffering from moderate-to-high water stress - where water consumption is more than 10 per cent of renewable freshwater resources. By 2020, water use is expected to increase by 40 percent, and 17 percent more water will be required for food production to meet the needs of the growing population The major factors causing increasing water demand over the past century are population growth, industrial development and the expansion of irrigated agriculture. Data from UNESCO
Source : http://enviroscope.iges.or.jp/contents/eLearning /waterdemo/factsforall.htm
WATER USE IN TAIPEI DATA FOR NORTH TAIWAN WATER
Water consumption trends from 1996 to 2010
Total water:
Source:
Housing
Ground water: 34%
Housing
Surface water: 66%
Agriculture
2000
2000
1973
1900
Million m3
Water consumption structure:
Agriculture
1900
1840 1800
1797
1700
Agriculture 49.46% 11.30%
Housing
39.25%
1800
2152
1615
1600
1527
1500
Year
1996
2001
2004
2007
2010
Year
1996
4886 629
550
4800
Million m3
600
Million m3
2010
2007
Total water consumption
Industry
650
water is reducing.
2004
2001
Total
A person needs 431 litres per day
Housing water is increasing and Agriculture
2033
2004
1500
Industry
1996 - 2010:
2292
2283
1700
1600
Industry
Million m3
4112.51 billion cubic meters (2010)
546 524
500
4600
4597
4400 465
450
4347
465
4200
4203
400
4112
4000 Year
1996
2001
2004
2007
2010
Year
1996
2001
2004
2007
2010
Water consumption trends from 1996 to 2010. Source:Taiwan Water Resources Agency Ministry of Economic Affairs
WATER INFRASTRUCTURE IN TAIPEI Keelung River The Keelung River originates in the m o u n ta i n s w e s t- n o r t h w e s t o f t h e t o w n of Jingtong in Pingxi District, New Taipei City, flows down to a rift valley and then f l o ws E N E to S a n d i a o l i n g . T h e n i t f l o ws n o r t h w a r d t o a p o i n t b e t w e e n C h i u fe n a n d Ke e l u n g C i t y, a n d t h e n h e a d s b a c k i n a g e n e r a l W S W d i r e c t i o n t o Ta i p e i , w h e r e i t j o i n s t h e Ta m s u i R i v e r a n d f l o w s o u t t o s e a .T h e K e e l u n g R i v e r i s heavily polluted by both raw sewage and industrial pollution from illegal industry. The restoration of the natural river is on the agenda of the Taipei City Government, Ta i p e i C e n t ra l G o v e r n m e n t a n d s e v e ra l citizen organizations. Danshui River The Danshui River begins at the confluence of Xindian Creek and Dahan Creek at the western boundary of Taipei and New Taipei City, just north of Banqiao District, and flows northward and northwestward nad empties into the Taiwan Strait.The Tamsui River is heavily polluted by both raw sewage and industrial pollution from illegal industry. Clean up and natural river restoration is on the agenda of the Taipei City Government, Taiwan Central Government and several citizen organizations. Data from Wikipedia
Danshui River
Keelung River
Dahan Creek
Xindian Creek
Urban Metabolism
Lu Zhou
Site
SATELLITE CITY LUZHOU Luzhou District Luzhou District is located in the northwest of Taipei basin, western coast of Tamsui River down stream, south-west of Shizi Island (sand bar beside Tamsui River) in Shilin District Taipei City. Lots of immigrants thus moved in due to its great location and convenient transportation. In 1984, the Erchong Floodway was finished, and the district plan &policy were completed, hence that Luzhou is now growing rapidly. Once MRT Luzhou line service is on, this service will provide and improve quite a lot of the living standard and stimulate the re-development of surrounded areas in Luzhou. Now, Luzhou is already a developed district. Due to its location, government made a good use of Erchong Floodway area transforming it into an ecology park. This park provides civilians with multi-facilities and bicycle path, etc.Area : 6.96km² (8.2 km²including river) Population : 199,619 (2013) Density : 26,847.66km² DATA from NTPC
SOURCE: http://foreigner.ntpc.gov.tw/_file/2968/SG/46174/
SOURCE: http://commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/File:Luzhou_and_Sanchong_District_(Taiwan).jpg
In these conditions traditional industrial economy of Luzhou, together with the urban expanding and the process of urban renewal in Taipei and as a result contemporary Taipei masterplanning, leave no possibility for the future development for local population, forcing current workers remove their factories.
Problem
EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURES IN LUZHOU
1.MRT 2.Canal
Shuinan
A
C
B
Site
A
E
B C
F
D
E
F
The project ''Urban Filter'' approaches seceral components that exist in the area of Luzhou: 1. The current Social situation 2. The unequal Water distribution and a newly proposed water treatment infrastructure 3. The creation of new Landscapes and linked by the watertreatment park The project use the Waster watertreatment process as a link for Urban Filter and a medium to generate Urban Metabolism
Proposal
A.D
A.D 1898
1898
A.D
1921
A.D
A.D
1966
1974
Selected Line
Selected Line
Selected Line
Selected Line
Primary Road
Primary Road
Primary Road
Primary Road
Canal
Canal
Canal
Canal
A.D 1921
A.D 1966
A.D 1974
Canal
Primary Road
A.D 1974 Road
A.D 1974 Canal
Farm
Ratio of 300m
A.D 1974 Village
A.D 1974 Farm
Ratios of 500m
Primary Road Secondary Road
A.D 2013 Road
Canal
A.D 2013 Canal
Industrial Area
MRT Station
A.D 2013 Mrt Station
A.D 2013 Industry Area
Selected Line
Historical Main Road
Water treatment
Primary Screen
Pump
Sedimentation
56x12x4m 2700m3 x8 Surface overflow rate : 47.6CMD/m2
Secondary Pump
Bioreactor
58x16x6.5m 6300m3 x12 Watertreated 4.5h
Tertiary Pump
Aeration
80x20x3.5m 2400m3 x2
Digesters
80x40x3.5m 19200m3 x1
Sedimentation
50x12x5 3000m3 x16 Surface overflow rate : 26.4CMD/m2 Solid loading rate : 3.9kg/m2/h
Pump
Chlorination
5.5x4.5x4m 110m3x2
Discharge
Sludge Heat pump plant
21.7x20.5x6m 2500m3 x2
40.8x23.8x7.5m 7500m3
Deorizing Room
28x23.8s7.5m 9000m3x2
Source :http://www.sso.taipei.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=208231&CtNode=19805&mp=106041
Free Surface Constructed Wetland The wetland is flooded with wastewater to a depth of 10 to 45cm above ground level. Pre-treated wastewater [from septic tank orbiogas settler] enters the basin viz a weir or a distribution pipe. This system is appropritate for small sections of urban areas or for periurban and rural commuities because of the land surface requrired.
Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetland Pre- treated wastewater [ from septic tank or imhoff tank] flows slowly through the porous filter medium [sand or gravel] under the surface of the bed in a horizontal path until it reaches the outlet zone. The water level is maintained at 5 to 15cm below the surface to ensure subsurface flow.
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland Pre- treated wastewater is distributed over the filter surface and drains vertically through the filter layers towards a drainage system at the bottom. The drainage pipes are covered with gravel. On top of this gravel is a sand layer there is another gravel layer [ 10cm ], in order to avoid water accumuating on the surface.
Source: http://issuu.com/aalandscapeurbanism/docs/the-roots-of-water-huairou-beijing
1.
2.
3.
4
5.
6.
7. 8.
1.Marrubium-Vulgare
5.Salix Lasiolepis
2.CyperusHaspan
6.Typhonodorum Lindleyanum
3.Frankenia Grandifolia
7.Baccharis Salicifolia
4.Pontederia Cordata
8.Typha Latifolia
Different parametes create the component's surfcae to change according to terrain specifications. Reactions to slope variations and water proximity widens and deepens the prototype's canal. To accelerate or deaccelerate water flow. Resulting geometry provide possible program implementations.
Prototype Development
Geometrical Unit Deformations The hexagon is taken as base shape for further deformation, which are optimising the wastewater treatment performance. The water flows through the stages of the cleaning treatment with different speed.
Water course speed deepens the canal to accelerate or deaccelerate water ow Reacts to attractor point Z-axis movement
River proximity widens and closes the canal width Reacts to closet point on cur ve X-Axis movement
Component Adaption To Terrian Parameters -4
-3
-3
-3
-2
-2
-2
-1
-1
-1
+0
+1
+0
+0
+2
+1
+1
+3
+4
+2
+2
+3
+3
Va r i o u s S l o p e s T h e s e c ti o n a l d raw i n g s fo r d i ffe re nt s l o p e s i n u s e d to p ro d u c e a cata l o g u e o f wate r p o n d s , i nf ra st r u c t u re a n d l a n d s ca p e . T h i s cata l o g u e d e te r m i n e s d i ffe re nt t y p e s o f s l o p e ca n b e i m p l e m e nte d to d i ffe re nti ate a re a s i n re l ati o n s to t h e t re at m e nt t y p e s . T h i s wo u l d h e l p to d efi n e d i f fe re nt l a n d s ca p e a n d to a l l ow t h e g ro u n d to b e re p o n s i ve to va r i ati o n s i n ti s u s e w i t h i nte ra c ti o n s to p e o p l e Width 2m
Width 1m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 2m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 0.5m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 2.5m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 0.5m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 3m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 0.5m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 3.5m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 0.5m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 3m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 1m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 3.5m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 1m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 4m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 1m
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 4.5m +0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2
+0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5
Width 1.5m +0 -0.5 -1 -1.5 -2
A
B
A
A
A
A
The square of the prototype is 10m by 20m
The square of the prototype is 10m by 20m
The square of the prototype is 10m by 20m
The square of the prototype is 10m by 20m
In this catalogue, prototype’s border was fixed
In this catalogue, prototype’s border was fixed
In this catalogue, prototype’s border was fixed
In this catalogue, prototype’s border was fixed
The A point was controlled move to left direction by 1 meters every variation The B point was controlled move to left direction by 1 meters every variation
Slope A
3
Slope B
B
The A point was fixed The B point was controlled move to left direction by 1 meters every variation
Slope A
3 Depth
3 Depth
1m Capacity
1m Capacity
5000m²
Slope A
5
Slope B
4900m²
Slope A
Depth
5 Depth
1.5m Capacity
1.5m Capacity
7850m²
4
Slope B
7500m²
Slope A
4
Slope B 7
Depth
5 Depth
1.25m Capacity
1.25m Capacity
6400m²
Slope A
5
Slope B 6
Slope A
3
Slope B
3
Slope B
6400m²
Slope A
3
Slope B 7
Depth
4 Depth
1m Capacity
1m Capacity
5700m²
5250m²
B
The A point was controlled move to left direction by 1 meters every variation
B
The A point was controlled move to north-west direction by 1 meters every variation
The square of the prototype is 10m by 20m In this catalogue, prototype’s border was fixed B
The A point was controlled move to left direction by 1 meters every variation
The B point was fixed
The B point was fixed
The B point was controlled move to north-east direction by 1 meters every variation
Slope A
Slope A
Slope A
3
Depth
Depth
Capacity
Capacity
Slope A 5
Capacity
Slope A
4
3
Depth
Depth
1m
1m
1m
3
4
4
4
Capacity
Capacity 5050m²
Slope A
Slope B
Slope B
Capacity
6400m²
6250m²
Slope A
Depth
5
1.25m Capacity
Capacity
3
4
Depth 1.25m
6250m²
Slope B
Slope A
Slope B
Depth 1.25m
Capacity
7500m²
4
4
Slope A
Capacity
Slope B
Depth
5
1.5m
7400m²
4
5
Depth 1.5m
7400m²
Slope B
Slope A
Slope B
Depth 1.5m
Capacity
4900m²
5
5
Slope A
5
Slope B
Depth
1m Capacity
4850m²
4850m²
Slope B
3 Depth
1m
1m
3
Slope B 3
3
Slope A
3
Slope B
Slope B
5050m²
5250m²
A
B
A
A
A
A
The square of the prototype is 10m by 20m
The square of the prototype is 10m by 20m
The square of the prototype is 10m by 20m
The square of the prototype is 10m by 20m
In this catalogue, prototype’s border was fixed
In this catalogue, prototype’s border was fixed
In this catalogue, prototype’s border was fixed
In this catalogue, prototype’s border was fixed
The A point was controlled move to left direction by 1 meters every variation The B point was controlled move to left direction by 1 meters every variation
Slope A
4
Slope B
B
The A point was controlled move to left direction by 1 meters every variation The B point was fixed
Slope A
3 Depth
4 Depth
Capacity
9
Slope B
Slope A
4
Capacity
Capacity 6800m²
12
Slope B
Slope A
5
Slope B 3
Depth
3 Depth
1m Capacity
5
Slope A
4
1.25m Capacity
5
6400m²
Slope A
5
Slope B 3
Depth
3 Depth
1m Capacity
5050m²
6
Depth
6200m²
1m Capacity
5250m²
Slope A
Slope B
Slope B
Depth
Capacity 5700m²
5
7500m²
1.25m
3
1m
Capacity
Capacity
Slope B
1.5m
4
6200m²
Slope A
4 Depth
7366m²
Slope A
6
Slope B
Depth
Capacity
Slope A
4
1.25m
6400m²
6
Slope B
Depth
1m
4900m²
1.5m
4
1.25m
3
Capacity
Capacity
5
4
Depth
Depth
Slope B
Depth
Slope A
7366m²
Slope A
Slope A
4850m²
4
4
1.25m
Slope A
6
The B point was controlled move to north-east direction by 1 meters every variation
1m
Slope B
Capacity
The A point was controlled move to left direction by 1 meters every variation
Slope B
Capacity
6
In this catalogue, prototype’s border was fixed B
3
1.5m
7500m²
4
Depth
Depth
Slope B
Depth
Slope A
4
Capacity
Slope A
4850m²
1.5m
7850m²
The B point was fixed
1m
Slope B
Depth 1.5m
Slope A
6
The A point was controlled move to north-west direction by 1 meters every variation
Slope B
Capacity
Slope B
B
3
4900m²
Slope A
4
Depth
Capacity
8
Slope A
1m
5000m²
Slope B
The B point was controlled move to left direction by 1 meters every variation
Slope B
Depth
Capacity
The A point was fixed
3
1m
Slope A
4
Slope B
B
The square of the prototype is 10m by 20m
1m Capacity
5050m²
5250m²
Factory Unit
-Factory Unit -1st StageWetland
Housing Unit
-Lifted Housing Unit - 2nd Stage Wetland
Lifted Housing Unit
-Lifted Housing Unit -3rd StageWetland
Accessibility Visibility
Treatment Stage
Flow Speed
Purification Cost Time Accessibility
Visibility
Treatment Stage
Flow Speed
Purification Cost Time Accessibility
Visibility
Treatment Stage
Flow Speed
Purification Cost Time
Accessibility Visibility
Treatment Stage
Flow Speed
Purification Cost Time
Accessibility Visibility
Treatment Stage
Flow Speed
Purification Cost Time Accessibility
Visibility
Treatment Stage
Flow Speed
Purification Cost Time Accessibility
Visibility
Treatment Stage
Flow Speed
Purification Cost Time
Accessibility Visibility
Treatment Stage
Flow Speed
Purification Cost Time
Massing Rules
Water Infrastructure Tertiary canal 1.5M
Small wetland 1.5M
Secdonary canal 2.5M
Large wetland 2.5M
Primary canal 3.5M
2.5M
Composed wetland 3.5M
Water Infrastructure
Wastewater
Rainwater
PRIMARY TREATMENT
SECONDARY TREATMENT
TERTIARY TREATMENT
Anaerobic Septic Tank 500-1500 L/Person
Horizontal Subsurface Flow Area:0.5m2/Person
Free Water Surface Area:1m2/Person
Master Plan