Bài tập bổ trợ nâng cao Tiếng Anh lớp 9 theo chương trình thí điểm - Nguyễn Thị Chi

TÀI LIỆU TIẾNG ANH LỚP 6-7-8-9

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Bài tập bổ trợ nâng cao Tiếng Anh lớp 9 theo chương trình thí điểm - Nguyễn Thị Chi WORD VERSION | 2020 EDITION ORDER NOW / CHUYỂN GIAO QUA EMAIL TAILIEUCHUANTHAMKHAO@GMAIL.COM

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UNIT 1: LOCAL ENVIRONMENT (MÔI TRƯỜNG ĐỊA PHƯƠNG) NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Ôn tập câu phức (Complex sentences) 1. Câu phức là gì - Câu phức là câu có một mệnh đề độc lập và ít nhất một mệnh đề phụ thuộc.

- Mệnh đề độc lập có thể đứng một mình mà vẫn đầy đủ ý nghĩa, trong khi mệnh đề phụ thuộc không thể tách rời vì không diễn tả được ý hoàn chỉnh.

- Mệnh đề phụ thuộc có thể bắt đầu bằng liên từ phụ thuộc (subordinators) như although, because, even though, since, so that, when, while...

VÍ DỤ: When she has free time, she usually goes to the museum.

(Khi có thời gian rảnh cô ấy thường đi đến bảo tàng.)

- Nếu mệnh đề phụ thuộc đứng trước mệnh đề độc lập thì phải có dấu phẩy (,) trước mệnh đề độc lập như ở ví dụ trên. Ngược lại, nếu mệnh đề độc lập đứng trước mệnh đề phụ thuộc thì không có dấu phẩy.

VÍ DỤ: He doesn’t stay up late because it’s not good for his health.

(Anh ấy không thức khuya vì nó không tốt cho sức khỏe.)

2. Các loại mệnh đề phụ thuộc a. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ nhượng bộ (Dependent clause of concession) - Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ sự nhượng bộ thường bắt đầu bằng liên từ phụ thuộc though, although hay even though có nghĩa trái ngược với thành phần chính của câu.

- Cả ba từ though, although, và even though đều có nghĩa là “dù” hoặc “mặc dù” nhưng although được sử dụng phổ biến, trong khi even though có nghĩa mạnh hơn hai từ còn lại.

VÍ DỤ: Although the workshop is small, their knitting scarves are very famous.

(Mặc dù cơ sở sản xuất nhỏ nhưng khăn đan của họ rất nổi tiếng.) a. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ mục đích (Dependent clause of purpose) Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ mục đích thường bắt đầu bằng liên từ phụ thuộc so that hoặc in order that (để mà) để chỉ mục đích của hành động trong mệnh đề.

VÍ DỤ: This department store is an attraction in my city because the products are of good quality.

(Cửa hàng bách hoá này là một điểm thu hút trong thành phố tôi bởi vì các sản phẩm có chất lượng tốt.) c. Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ lí do (Dependent clause of reason) Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ lí do thường bắt đầu bằng liên từ phụ thuộc because, since, hoặc as (bởi vì). Nó trả lời cho câu hỏi Why (tại sao).

VÍ DỤ: The school yard is our favourite place to hang out because it has benches.

(Sân trường là nơi ưa thích để chúng tôi tán gẫu vì nó có ghế dài.) d. Mệnh để phụ thuộc chỉ thời gian (Dependent clause of time)

Mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ thời gian thường bắt đầu bằng liên từ phụ thuộc when (khi), while (trong khi), before (tước khi), after (sau khi), as soon as (ngay khi), until (cho đến khi), ... Nó cho biết hành động trong mệnh đề diễn ra khi nào.

VÍ DỤ: When people talk about traditional paintings, they think of Dong Ho village.

(Khi người ta nói về tranh truyền thống thì họ nghĩ đến làng tranh Đông Hồ.)

II. Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs) - Cụm động từ là sự kết hợp giữa một động từ và một tiểu từ. Tiểu từ có thể là một giới từ hoặc trạng từ hoặc cả hai như: across (ngang)

after (sau)

away (đi)

back (quay lại)

down (xuống)

in (trong)

into (vào)

off (tắt)

on (bật)

out (ra)

over (qua)

up (lên)

VÍ DỤ: get up

→

get out of bed

thức dậy

run out of

→

have no more of

hết, không còn

look through

→

read

xem qua, đọc

- Nghĩa của một cụm động từ thường rất khác với nghĩa của các thành phần riêng lẻ. Chẳng hạn, như nghĩa của give up (từ bỏ) khác với give (cho) và up (lên).

B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Gạch chân mệnh đề phụ thuộc trong câu và cho biết đó là mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ sự nhượng bộ, mục đích, lí do hay thời gian. (Underline dependent clause in each sentence and say whether it is the dependent clause of concession, purpose, reason, or time.)

VÍ DỤ: Although this embroidered picture was expensive, she bought it. → Although this embroidered picture was expensive, she bought it. (dependent clause of concession) 1. She practiced making conical hat until she could make it perfectly.

2. After I graduate from university, I want to work for a local company.

3. He repeated the instructions slowly in order that his staff could understand.

4. They decided to promote for pottery even though it takes much time and money.

5. He reorganized his pottery shelves so that visitors can easily find their desired vase.

6. Since my parents have set up a workshop, we can develop our traditional craft.

7. Because I travelled all weekend, I didn’t have time to do my homework.

8. The villagers are learning English in order that they can communicate with foreigners.

9. Although I don’t remember his name, I’m sure that man is a famous artisan.

10. The birds were flying over the village when the evening sun went down.

II. Viết lại câu bằng cách thay đổi trật tự của các mệnh đề và sử dụng dấu phẩy khi cần. (Rewrite the sentences by changing the order of the clauses and using a comma as needed.)

VÍ DỤ: I used to cycle to school when I was in grade nine. → When I was in grade nine, I used to cycle to school.

1. Although it seemed a difficult exam, John tried hard to get excellent marks.

2. We will deliver the conical hats to our customers as soon as we finish making them.

3. Until I started doing homework regularly, I performed poorly on the tests.

4. Even though Mary had a thirty-row poem to learn by heart, she went to the movies with friends.

5. My father was a normal worker before he became a famous artisan.

6. After Kelvin graduates from high school this year, he will study abroad.

7. When you drive on the road, you must drive on the right.

8. I checked my money before I invited my friends for milk tea.

9. She was unable to make a call because her phone’s battery was empty.

10. We won’t be able to play football unless the rain stops.

III. Nối hai câu lại với nhau dùng từ đã cho trong ngoặc. (Combine each pair of sentences using the word in brackets.)

1. We went to the zoo. My friends wanted to see the animals. (because) 2. I went to the dentist. My tooth broke. (after) 3. Thomas will receive a certificate. He has bad marks. (unless) 4. We will go out to eat. It is my birthday. (since) 5. Jane will feed the dog. She finishes her chores. (after)

6. I hate to drink coffee. It always upsets my stomach. (because) 7. Mum came back home to prepare dinner. She went to the grocery store. (after) 8. You should review your lesson. You have the assignment. (before) 9. My dog waited at the door for US. We got home. (until) 10. You study for the test carefully. You will do it much better. (if)

IV. Điền vào chỗ trống một động từ thích hợp. Dùng các từ trong ngoặc làm gợi ý. (Fill in the blanks with a suitable verb. Use the words in brackets as a hint.)

1. Craftsmen can (have enough money to live)

on their handicrafts.

2. How many of your old school friends do you (stay equal with) 3. The company may have to (stop doing business) 4. He is willing to (accept)

7. Why did she (reject/refuse)

on with classmates in her new class.

back from the journey to traditional craft villages. down your invitation to paintings exhibition last week?

8. We always (take action to solve a problem) 9. It’s only a matter of time before they (publish) 10. I’ve (have no more of) instead?

down some branches.

up to his responsibilities as a leader.

5. Lily found it easy to (have a friendly relationship) 6. I had just (return)

up with?

with customer complaints in a friendly manner. out their traditional paintings.

out of embroidered handkerchiefs - would you like the knitted

V. Nối phần mở đầu và phần kết thúc. Chú ý các cụm động từ. (Match the beginnings to the endings.

Pay attention to the verb phrases.)

1. The bus started at 6, but Baily didn’t turn

a. up to is my grandfather

2. The factory offered him a job but he turned it

b. on with each other now. We had a big argument.

3. I think the person I most admire and look

c. up by my great grandfather.

4. I checked the fridge and I see we’ve run

d. up smoking completely and now he feels much better.

5. Jim and I used to be friends but we don’t get

e. on to become university professor.

6. I’ll meet you at the airport. I’m really looking

f. down - he decided to apply for an office job instead.

7. The family embroidery business was set

g. up in Vietnam where she was born.

8. Steve was a high school teacher before going

h. up until much later. She never arrives on

time.

9. She lives in France now but she grew

i. forward to seeing you again.

10. My father used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day. Then he gave

j. out of milk. Could you go and buy some?

VI. Diền vào mỗi chỗ trống một cụm động từ được cho bên dưới. Chia động từ theo đúng thì nếu cần. (Fill in each blank with a verb phrase given below. Put the verbs in correct tense if needed.) look over

catch up on

pick out

run into

check out

take off

take back

sit down

Today I am going to the library because I need to (1) a book I (2) two weeks ago and then (3) a new book to read. One of my favourite things is to (4) my shoes, (5) on the sofa, and hold a real book in my hands as I devour the pages. Of course I could (6) a list of e-books and download one to my smartphone, but it’s just not the same experience. I also like going to the library because there is always a chance I might (7) an old friend there.

Sometimes my best friend and I meet at the library for coffee and (8) each other’s news before we find new books to take home. I really enjoy my library visits.

UNIT 2: CITY LIFE (CUỘC SỐNG NƠI THÀNH THỊ) A. NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Ôn tập các dạng so sánh của tính từ và trạng từ 1. So sánh bằng (Equality) Công thức: S + V + as + adj/ adv + as + noun/ pronoun VÍ DỤ: Mai is as beautiful as her hister.

(Mai đẹp như chị của cô ấy.)

Nam runs as fast as his brother.

(Nam chạy nhanh như anh của cậu ấy.) @ Lưu ý: - Sau as thứ hai phải dùng đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ (I, we, they, he, she...), không được dùng đại từ tân ngữ (me, us, them, him, her...).

VÍ DỤ: You are as tall as I. (Bạn thì cao bằng tôi.)

- Có thể thêm vào cấu trúc so sánh bằng các từ half, twice /three/ four times... để tạo thành so sánh bội số.

2. So sánh hơn (Comparative) a. So sánh hơn với tính từ ngắn Công thức: S + V + adj_er + than + noun/ pronoun VÍ DỤ: Karachi is bigger than Moscow. (Karachi lớn hơn Moscow.) @ Lưu ý: Quy tắc thêm -er - Quy tắc chung là thêm -er vào sau tính từ ngắn. cool

→

cooler

slow

→

slower

warm

→

warmer

- Tính từ có hai âm tiết tận cùng bằng -y thì đổi -y thành -i rồi thêm -er. dirty

→

dirtier

easy

→

easier

happy

→

happier

pretty

→

prettier

noisy

→

noisier

- Tính từ có một âm tiết tận cùng bằng -y thì giữ nguyên -y rồi thêm -er. shy

→

shyer

- Tính từ tận cùng bằng e thì chỉ cần thêm -r: nice

→

nicer

large

→

larger

- Tính từ tận cùng bằng một phụ âm và trưởc nó là một nguyên âm thì gấp đôi phụ âm trước khi thềm -er. big

→

bigger

hot

→

hotter

Những tính từ bất quy tắc bad

→

worse

far

→

farther, further

good

→

better

little

→

less

many

→

more (trước danh từ đếm đựợc)

much

→

more (trước danh từ không đếm)

b. So sánh hơn với tính từ dài Công thức S + V + more + adj + than + noun/ pronoun VÍ DỤ: Ho Chi Minh City is more crowded than Ha Noi city.

(Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh đông người hơn thành phố Hà Nội.) @ Lưu ý: Những tính từ có hai hình thức so sánh thêm -er và more: clever

→

cleverer/ more clever

common

→

commoner/ more common

likely

→

likelier/ more likely

pleasant

→

pleasanter/ more pleasant

polite

→

politer/ more polite

quiet

→

quieter/ more quiet

simple

→

simpler/ more simple

stupid

→

stupider/ more stupid

subtle

→

subtler/ more subtle

sure

→

surer/ more sure

c. So sánh hơn với trạng từ ngắn

Công thức S + V + adv_er + than + noun/ pronoun VÍ DỤ: City life is changing faster than countryside life.

(Cuộc sống thành thị đang thay đổi nhanh hơn cuộc sống vùng quê.) @ Lưu ý: Cách thêm -er vào trạng từ ngắn cũng giống như tính từ ngắn. hard

→

harder

high

→

higher

late

→

later

early

→

earlier

Những trạng từ bất quy tắc. badly

→

worse

far

→

farther, further

well

→

better

little

→

less

much

→

more

d. So sánh hơn với trạng từ dài Công thức S + V + more + adv + than + noun/ pronoun VÍ DỤ: People in the city now live more conveniently than in the past.

(Người ở thành phố ngày nay sống tiện nghi hơn trong quá khứ.) @ Lưu ý: - Less được dùng thay vì more để so sánh kém hơn của tính từ và trạng từ.

VÍ DỤ: John drives less carefully than his brother.

(John lái xe ít cẩn thận hơn anh trai của anh ấy.)

- Có thể dùng much, a lot, a bit, a little như một bổ ngữ nhằm tăng hoặc giảm mức độ của từ cần so sánh.

VÍ DỤ: Da Lat city is a bit colder than Buon Ma Thuot city.

(Thành phố Đà Lạt lạnh hơn thành phố Buôn Ma Thuật một chút.)

- Than trong câu so sánh hơn có thể không được dùng đến khi người nói muốn nhấn mạnh hai đối tượng được so sánh.

VÍ DỤ: Which city is more ancient, New York or London?

(Thành phố nào cổ xưa hơn, New York hay London?)

Of the two cities, London is more ancient.

(Trong hai thành phố thì London cổ xưa hơn.)

- Sở hữu cách, các đại từ that (với danh từ số ít) và those (với danh từ số nhiều) thường được sử dụng để tạo sự hợp lí và tương đương trong cấu trúc so sánh hơn.

VÍ DỤ: Andrey’s team is less well-organized than Sandra’s. (Đội của Andrey thì được tổ chức kém hơn đội của Sandra.)

Transportation of Berlin city is more modern than that of Mexico city.

(Giao thông của thành phố Berlin hiện đại hơn giao thông của thành phố Mexico.)

Residents in her village behave more responsibly than those in his town.

(Người dân ở làng của cô ấy cư xử có trách nhiệm hơn người dân ở thị trấn của anh ấy.)

3. So sánh nhất (Superlative) a. So sánh nhất với tính từ ngắn Công thức S + V + the adj-est...

VÍ DỤ: Russia is the largest country in the world. (Nga là nước lớn nhất trên thế giới.) @ Lưu ý: Quy tắc thêm đuôi -est - Phần lốn các tính từ ngắn có một vần: thêm -est. clean

→

cleanest

new

→

newest

cheap

→

cheapest

- Tính từ có hai vần kết thúc bằng er thêm -est. clever

→

cleverest

- Tính từ có hai vần kết thúc bằng ow thêm -est. narrow

→

narrowest

- Tính từ có hai vần kết thúc bằng y đổi y thành i rồi thêm -est. happy

→

happiest

dirty

→

dirtiest

easy

→

easiest

noisy

→

noisiest

pretty

→

prettiest

- Tính từ có một vần kết thúc bằng y giữ nguyên y rồi thêm -est shy

→

shyest

- Tính từ kết thúc bằng e chỉ thêm st. simple

→

simplest

- Tính từ kết thúc bằng một nguyên âm và một phụ âm: gấp đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm -est. thin

→

thinnest

Những tính từ bất quy tắc good

→

best

bad

→

worst

far

→

the farthest, the furthest

little

→

least

many, much

→

most

b. So sánh nhất với tính từ dài Công thức S + V + the most + adj ...

VÍ DỤ: Tokyo is probably the most expensive city in the world.

(Tokyo có lẽ là thành phố đắt đỏ nhất thế giới.) c. So sánh nhất của trạng từ ngắn Công thức S + V + the adv_est...

VÍ DỤ: Bob talks the loudest of all the boys.

(Bob nói to nhất trong các bạn nam.) @ Lưu ý: Cách thêm -est vào sau trạng từ ngắn cũng giống như tính từ ngắn. hard

→

hardest

fast

→

fastest

soon

→

soonest

late

→

latest

early

→

earliest

Những trạng từ bất quy tắc. well

→

best

badly

→

worst

far

→

the farthest, the furthest

little

→

least

much

→

most

d. So sánh nhất với trạng từ dài Để chuyển một trạng từ dài sang dạng so sánh nhất, ta cần thêm cụm từ “the most” vào trước trạng từ dài đó.

Công thức S + V + the most + adv ...

VÍ DỤ: We use motorbikes the most frequently of all vehicles.

(Chúng tôi sử dụng xe máy thường xuyên nhất trong tất cả các loại phương tiện.) @ Lưu ý: - Dùng so sánh nhất khi có ba đối tượng trở lên.

- Nếu so sánh cấp thấp nhất thì dùng the least thay vì the most.

VÍ DỤ: Garbage can’t be the least important problem of any city.

(Rác thải không thể là vấn đề ít quan trọng nhất của bất kì thành phố nào.)

- Giới từ in thường đi với danh từ số ít.

VÍ DỤ: Vatican city is the smallest city in the world by area.

(Vatican là thành phố nhỏ nhất thế giới theo diện tích.)

- Giới từ of thường đi với danh từ số nhiều.

VÍ DỤ: Jim cycles the fastest of all my friends.

(Jim đạp xe nhanh nhất trong tất cả các bạn của tôi.)

- Ta có thể dùng second, third, by far... trước các tính từ hoặc trạng từ dùng trong câu so sánh nhất.

VÍ DỤ: India is the second largest country in the world in population. (Ấn Độ là nước lớn thứ hai trên thế giới về dân số.)

II. Cụm động từ (tiếp theo) - Có những cụm động từ có thể được tách rời hoặc giữ nguyên khi có một danh từ làm tân ngữ. Với các cụm động từ có thể tách rời đó thì chuyển phần tiểu từ ra sau danh từ tân ngữ.

VÍ DỤ: I have already turned the T.V off.

Hoặc: I have already turned off the T.V. (Tôi đã tắt ti vi rồi.)

- Tuy nhiên, vối những cụm động từ có thể được tách rời mà tân ngữ là một đại từ (me, you, him, her, it, us, them) thì bắt buộc phải tách rời động từ và phần tiểu từ.

VÍ DỤ: I need the book. Please give it back to me!

(Tôi cần quyển sách. Làm ơn trả nó lại cho tôi!)

Sau đây là một số cụm động từ thông dụng theo quy tắc trên: • call back (return a call) gọi lại • call off (cancel) huỷ • call up (telephone) gọi điện • cross out (draw a line through) vẽ một đường qua...

• figure out (find the answer to a problem) tìm ra câu trả lời cho một vấn đề • fill in (write information) viết thông tin, điền vào • fill out (complete a paper) hoàn thành việc điền thông tin trên một tờ giấy • find out (get information) tìm ra thông tin • give away (give something to someone) cho ai thứ gì đó • give back (return something to someone) trả lại thứ gì đó cho một ai đó • hand in (submit) gửi đăng kí • leave out (omit) loại bỏ • look up (look for information) tìm kiếm • make up (invent a story) sáng tác một câu chuyện • pick up (lift, go get someone) nâng lên, đi gặp ai đó • put back (return to the original place) trả về vị trí cũ • put off (postpone) hoãn • put on (wear) mặc đồ • put out (extinguish) dập tắt • take off (remove) dời đi nơi khác • tear up (rip into small pieces) xé nhỏ • throw away (discard, put in the trash) bỏ đi • try on (check to see if clothing fits) thử đồ • turn down (decrease) giảm xuống • turn on (start) bắt đầu, mở • turn off (stop) dừng lại, tắt • turn up (increase) tăng lên • wake up (stop sleeping) thức dậy • write down (make a note of something) viết ra - Có những cụm động từ không thể tách rời, và dù tân ngữ của nó là danh từ hay đại từ cũng không quan trọng.

VÍ DỤ: The students get on the bus together but get off it one by one.

(Các sinh viên lên xe buýt cùng nhau nhưng xuống xe từng người một.)

Sau đây là một số cụm động từ thông dụng theo quy tắc trên: • call on (ask a question in class) hỏi về bài học • catch up with (reach the same level or position as) bắt kịp • check in (register at a hotel) nhận phòng, làm thủ tục vào một nơi nào đó • come across (find by chance) tìm thấy một cách tình cờ • count on (depend on) phụ thuộc vào • get along with (be friends with) trở thành bạn bè hoặc thân thiết với ai đó • get in (enter) tiến vào • get off (exit) thoát ra, đi ra, xuống xe • get on (enter) tiến vào, đi vào, lên xe

• get out of (exit) ra khỏi • get over (recover from, an illness or a problem) khoẻ lại, hồi phục • go over (review or check carefully) xem lại cẩn thận • get through with (complete) hoàn thành • look after (take care of) trông nom, chăm sóc • look forward to (think about something to come) trông đợi • look out (be careful) cẩn thận • put up with (tolerate, stand) chịu đựng • run into (meet by chance) gặp gỡ một cách tình cờ • run out of (not have any more) hết • watch out (be careful) cẩn thận - Có một số cụm động từ không có tân ngữ vì chúng là nội động từ.

VÍ DỤ: We will eat out tonight at the downtown.

(Chúng tôi sẽ đi ăn ở ngoài tối nay tại khu trung tâm.)

Sau đây là một số động từ thông dụng theo quy tắc trên: • break down (stop functioning) hư, hỏng • break up (end a relationship) đổ vỡ một mối quan hệ • catch on (begin to understand) bắt đầu hiểu • eat out (eat at a restaurant) đi ăn nhà hàng, ăn ngoài • get up (leave bed) thức dậy hoàn toàn • give up (stop trying) từ bỏ • go off (make a noise) làm ồn • grow up (become an adult) lớn lên • hold on (wait) chờ • hurry up (go faster) nhanh lên • keep on (continue) tiếp tục • pass away (die) chết, qua đời • show up (arrive, appear at a place) đến, có mặt, xuất hiện • slow down (go more slowly) đi chậm lại • take off (leave the ground) cất cánh (máy bay) • wake up (stop sleeping) thức dậy B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất. (Choose the best answer.)

1. You don’t know our city

your father does.

a. better as

b. as good as

c. the best

d. as well as

2. Mumbai is one of

in the world by population

a. the largest cities

b. the larger city

c. largest cities 3. She’s getting

d. larger city at pronouncing English words.

a. more better

b. more better than

c. much better

d. better much

4. Do you think math is

music?

a. as important than

b. more important than

c. important as

d. much important than

5. From my city, Beijing is much

than Hong Kong.

a. more further

b. far er

c. farther

d. more farther

6. Electric bikes are only

expensive as standard petrol-driven vehicles.

a. half as

b. as half

c. as a half of

d. as a half

7. Which city is

, Hai Phong or Can Tho?

a. smallest

b. the smallest

c. small

d. smaller

8. My car was more expensive than a. Hellen was

b. Hellen’s

c. Hellen

d. her

.

9. The education system of our city works more efficiently than a. that

b. that of

c. those of

d. those

10. Ho Chi Minh City is the largest city a. of

b. in

c. as

d. than

your city.

all cities in Vietnam.

II. Ghép hai nửa của câu lại vói nhau. (Match the two halves of the sentences.)

1. He won the race

a. where the nearest town is?

2. We should help our city

b. as small towns

3. A house isn’t as

c. as Tokyo hotels.

4. Melbourne ranked as

d. place to visit in your city?

5. Could you tell me

e. because he ran the fastest.

6. New York hotels aren’t as expensive

f. the tallest buildings in the city.

7. New York hotels aren’t as expensive

g. tall as a skyscraper.

8. That was the hardest exam

h. become more environmentally friendly.

9. Big cities aren’t as safe

i. the world’s most liveable city from 2011 to 2017.

10. That skyscraper is one of

j. I have ever done.

III. Viết lại câu dùng từ trong ngoặc. (Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.)

1. Cairo is hotter than Ha Noi in May. (as) 2. London isn’t as cold as New York in winter, (than) 3. Women live longer than men. (as) 4. He plays football better than anyone in our team, (best) 5. You shouldn’t drive so fast in the rush hour, (slowly) 6. The red pullover isn’t quite as pretty as the blue one. (a bit prettier) 7. George is twice as rich as Frank, (half as) 8. I usually get up earlier than my sister, (later) 9. A big city is more polluted than a small village, (less) 10. I’ve never lived in a bigger city than this one. (biggest)

IV. Nối cụm động từ được gạch chân ở cột bên trái với nghĩa của nó ở cột bên phải. (Match the underlined phrasal verb on the left column with its meaning on the right column.)

1. He turned it off.

a. made a note

2. She filled in the blanks

b. go get

3. Did you throw away my leans?

c. broke into small pieces

4. My brother turned UD the TV.

d. stopped a machine

5. I looked the word UD in the dictionary.

e. extinguished a fire.

6. My parents nick me UD after school

f. wore

7. They put it out after two hours.

g. increased the volume.

8. She wrote it down to read later

h. increased the volume.

9. He put his helmet on before driving.

i. entered the information

10. She tore it up immediately

j. discard, put in the trash.

V. Viết lại câu, thay thế danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ bằng một đại từ tân ngữ. (Rewrite the sentences, replace the noun or noun phrase with a pronoun as the object of the phrasal verb.)

VÍ DỤ: She tears up the letter.

→ She tears it up.

1. We give away five pairs of free tickets.

2. They have had to put off their wedding until July.

3. It took them thirty minutes to put out the fire.

4. Would you turn down your music player?

5. She left out three words when she recited the poem.

6. He has called off the trip.

7. I gave back the money.

8. On reaching home, she called up Mary.

9. Could you pick up Simon from school today?

10. Look up his number in the phone book.

VI. Chọn từ đúng để hoàn thành các câu dùng cụm động từ không tách rời. (Choose the correct words to complete the sentences using non-separable phrasal verbs.)

1. I can’t (stay/ put/ get) up with the air pollution in the city any longer.

2. He is very sincere and easy to get along (with/ to/ on).

3. She (took/ put/ got) out of the car and left the engine running.

4. Watch (up/ on/ out) for cars when you cross the road.

5. I was about to leave the supermarket when I ran (into/ to/ onto) our teacher.

6. You can count (for/ to/ on) him for a truthful report of the accident.

7. Emma is still sad, but she will soon (go/ make/ get) over her homesickness.

8. We (do/ look/ move) forward to greater success in the coming year.

9. I always go (over/ on/ off) my revision notes before I go into an exam.

10. She forgot to take her bag with her when she (walked/ fell/ got) off the bus.

UNIT 3: TEEN STRESS AND PRESSURE (CĂNG THẮNG VÀ ÁP LỰC TUỔI THIẾU NIÊN) A. NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Ôn tập câu tường thuật (Reported speech) - Câu tường thuật là câu thuật lại thông tin, nội dung trong lời nói của người nói.

- Câu tường thuật có thể là một câu trích dẫn trực tiếp hoặc câu tường thuật gián tiếp.

VÍ DỤ: Trực tiếp (direct): Amelie said, “I want to be a designer.”

(Amelie nói, “Tôi muốn trở thành một nhà thiết kế.”)

Gián tiếp (indirect): Amelie said that she wanted to be a designer.

(Amelie nói rằng bạn ấy muốn trở thành một nhà thiết kế.)

1. Câu tường thuật gián tiếp Công thức: - Câu tường thuật gián tiếp là dạng câu kể sử dụng các động từ tường thuật như say (nói) và tell (nói, bảo).

- Nếu động từ trung gian giới thiệu ở câu trực tiếp có dạng said to + object thì chuyển said to thành told ở câu gián tiếp.

VÍ DỤ: My parents said to me, “We will visit you today.”

(Ba mẹ của tôi nói, "Ba mẹ sẽ đến thăm con hôm nay.")

My parents told me they would visit me that day.

(Ba mẹ của tôi bảo tôi họ sẽ đến thăm tôi ngày hôm đó.)

- Có thể không dùng đại từ that mà câu gián tiếp vẫn đúng cấu trúc.

2. Cách chuyển đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp a. Các thì cơ bản Câu trực tiếp Hiện tại đơn S + Vs/es S + am/is/are

Câu gián tiếp Quá khứ đơn S + V2/ed S+ was/were

Ví dụ Adam said, “I sleep at least eight hours a day.” → Adam said that he slept at least eight hours a day.

(Adam nói rằng cậu ấy ngủ ít nhất tám tiếng một ngày.)

Hiện tại tiếp diễn S + am/is/are + V-ing

Hiện tại hoàn thành S + have/has + V3/ed

Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + had + V-ing

Quá khứ hoàn thành S + have/has + V3/ed

“It’s raining at my place,” she said. → She said it was raining at her place.

(Cô ấy nói trời đang mưa ở chỗ cô ấy.)

Sally told me, “I’ve just received a birthday present.”

→ Sally told me that she had just received a birthday present.

(Sally bảo tôi rằng cô ấy vừa nhận được một món quà sinh nhật.)

Quá khứ đơn S + V2/ed

Quá khứ tiếp diễn S + was/were + V-ing

Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + V3/ed

Tương lai đơn S + will + v (nguyên thể)

Tương lai tiếp diễn S + will + be + V-ing

Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + V3/ed

Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn S + had + been + Ving

Quá khứ hoàn thành S + had + V3/ed

Tương lai trong quá khứ S + would + V (nguyên thể)

Tương lai. tiếp diễn trong quá khứ S + would + be + Ving

@ Lưu ý: Không chuyển đổi thì của động từ khi: - Động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn VÍ DỤ: I tell her, “I want to go and see a film.” → I tell her that I want to go and see a film.

“I got a very high score in my last test,” he said to me. → He told me that he had gotten a very high score in his last test.

(Cậu ấy nói với mình là cậu ấy đạt được điểm rất cao cho bài kiểm tra gần nhất.)

Phuc said, “We were playing badminton at that time.” → Phuc said that they had been playing badminton at that time.

(Phúc nói rằng họ đang chơi cầu lông tại thời điểm đó.)

She said to him, “They had arrived home.” → She told him that they had arrived home.

(Cô ấy nói với anh ấy rằng họ đã về nhà.)

I said to her, “You will need adult guidance to overcome stress.” → I told her that she would need adult guidance to overcome stress.

(Tôi bảo với cô ấy rằng cô ấy sẽ cần sự hướng dẫn của người lớn để vượt qua căng thẳng.)

“We will, always be supporting you,” they told me. → They told me that they would always be supporting me.

(Họ bảo tôi là họ sẽ luôn hỗ trợ tôi.)

(Tôi bảo cô ấy là tôi muốn đi xem phim.)

- Câu trực tiếp diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lí.

VÍ DỤ: My teacher said, “The Earth goes around the Sun.” → My teacher said that the Earth goes around the Sun. (Thầy tôi nói rằng Trái Đất xoay quanh Mặt Trời.)

- Câu trực tiếp ở quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ tiếp diễn có thời gian cụ thể.

VÍ DỤ: He said, “They built this bridge in 2019.” → He said that they built that bridge in 2019.

(Anh ấy nói rằng họ đã xây cây cầu đó vào năm 2019.)

- Câu trực tiếp có câu trúc quá khứ giả định.

VÍ DỤ: My classmate said, “I wish I were a superman.” → My classmate said that he wished he were a superman.

(Bạn cùng lớp của tôi nói rằng ước gì bạn ấy là siêu nhân.) b. Các động từ khiếm khuyết - Các động từ khiếm khuyết ở dạng hiện tại thì được chuyển thành dạng quá khứ của nó ở câu tường thuật gián tiếp: can

→

could

may

→

might

will

→

would

shall

→

would

VÍ DỤ: I said to my friend, “Stress may cause insomnia.” → I told my friend that stress might cause insomnia.

(Tôi nói với bạn của tôi rằng căng thẳng có thể dẫn đến chứng mất ngủ.)

Clair said, “I can help you with the homework.” → Clair said that she could help me with the homework.

(Clair nói rằng cô ấy có thể giúp tôi phần bài tập về nhà.)

- Nếu could, might, should, would được dùng ở câu trực tiếp thì trong câu gián tiếp nó được giữ nguyên.

VÍ DỤ: He said, “Helen could overcome pressure easily.” → He said that Helen could overcome pressure easily.

(Cậu ấy nói rằng Helen có thể vượt qua áp lực một cách dễ dàng.)

- Tuy nhiên có những trường hợp đặc biệt không theo quy tắc trên. may

→

could (sự cho phép)

VÍ DỤ: The teacher said, “You may use your calculator for this test.”

→ The teacher said that we could use our calculator for that test.

(Thầy giáo nói rằng chúng tôi có thể sử dụng máy tính cho bài kiểm tra đó.) →

must

had to (sự bắt buộc)

VÍ DỤ: They said, “You must be 18 or older to apply for a driver license.” → They said that I had to be 18 or older to apply for a driver license.

(Họ nói rằng tôi phải được 18 tuổi trở lên mới được đăng kí thi lấy bằng lái xe.) →

must

must (sự suy đoán)

VÍ DỤ: ‘You must be very tired after a long hot summer day,” Kelvin said. → Kelvin said that I must be very tired after a long and hot summer day.

(Kelvin nói rằng tôi ắt hẳn rất mệt mỏi sau một ngày hè dài và nóng bức.) →

shall

should (câu tường thuật câu hỏi)

VÍ DỤ: “Shall I turn on the T.V?” my sister asked.

My sister asked if she should turn on the T.V. (Em gái tôi hỏi có thể mở ti vi được không.) c. Đại từ nhân xưng chủ ngữ Câu trực tiếp

Câu gián tiếp

I

he/ she

we

they

he

he

she

she

it

it

they

they

you

they/ I/ he/ she

d. Đại từ nhân xưng tân ngữ Câu trực tiếp

Câu gián tiếp

me

him/ her

us

them

him

him

her

her

it

it

them

them

you e. Đại tử sở hữu

them/ me/ him/ her

Câu trực tiếp

Câu gián tiếp

my

his/her

our

their

your

my/ their/ his/ her

mine

his/hers

his

his

her

her

their

their

ours

theirs

yours

theirs/ mine/ his/ hers

f. Trạng từ Câu trực tiếp

Câu gián tiếp

this

that

these

those

here

there

now

then

today

that day

yesterday

the day before the previous day the day after the next/ following day before the week after the following week

tomorrow ago next week 3. Câu tường thuật cho câu hỏi

Với câu tường thuật câu hỏi thì cách chuyển đổi chung cũng giống như câu tường thuật bình thường. Tuy nhiên có một số khác biệt: - Trong câu hỏi tường thuật gián tiếp thường dùng các động từ trung gian giới thiệu: asked (hỏi), wondered (tự hỏi), wanted to know (muốn biết).

- Trong câu gián tiếp, câu hỏi được đổi thành câu trần thuật, do đó không dùng trợ động từ và dấu hỏi ở cuối câu.

Ngoài ra, mỗi loại câu hỏi sẽ có cách chuyển đổi riêng như sau: a. Với câu hỏi Yes/No (Yes/No question) Câu tường thuật gián tiếp cho câu hỏi Yes/No dùng if hoặc whether sau động từ trung gian giới thiệu.

VÍ DỤ: I said to Levis, “Do feel frustrated?” → I asked Levis if/whether he felt frustrated.

(Tôi hỏi Levis rằng cậu ấy có cảm thấy bực bội không.) b. Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi (Wh-question) Câu tường thuật gián tiếp cho câu hỏi có từ để hỏi lặp lại từ để hỏi (what, where, when...) sau động từ trung gian giới thiệu.

VÍ DỤ: Simson asked me, “Where did you relax last weekend?”. → Simson asked me where I had relaxed the previous weekend.

(Simson hỏi tôi đã thư giãn ở đâu vào cuối tuần trước đó.)

II. Từ để hỏi trước động từ nguyên mẫu to-infinitive - Ta có thể dùng các từ hỏi trước một động từ nguyên mẫu có to (to-infínitive) để diễn tả một tình huống không chắc chắn.

S + V + question word + to-infinitive + ...

VÍ DỤ: They don’t know how to eat healthily.

(Họ không biết làm thể nào để ăn uống một cách khoẻ mạnh.)

- Cấu trúc trên cũng được dùng trong câu tường thuật cho câu hỏi có từ để hỏi.

VÍ DỤ: “What should I do?” he said. → He wondered what to do.

(Anh ấy tự hỏi phải làm gì.)

- Nhưng với câu tường thuật cho câu hỏi Yes/ No thì chỉ dùng whether ở vị trí của từ hỏi chứ không dùng if.

VÍ DỤ: Harry asked whether to turn off his mobile phone at night or not.

(Harry thắc mắc là có tắt điện thoại di động vào ban đêm hay không.) @ Lưu ý: - Từ để hỏi why không được dùng với cấu trúc trên.

- Trước từ để hỏi có thể có một giới từ và sau từ để hỏi có thể có một danh từ hoặc tính từ.

VÍ DỤ: The students were asking about which bus to get on.

(Các bạn sinh viên đang hỏi về chuyến xe buýt nào để lên.)

B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất. (Choose the best answer.)

1. Vivien said that she

when she was five.

a. could swim

b. might swim

c. would swim

d. can swim

2. Claire said she felt glad because she

study at weekends.

a. must

b. had to

c. mustn’t

d. didn’t have to

3. My sister asked me, “What time

to sleep tonight?”

a. would you go

b. are you going

c. did you go

d. you go

4. Jonathan asked me how long

me to go home in rush hours.

a. it would take

b. does it take

c. will it take

d. it takes

5. He said that he

along that street for an hour then.

a. walks

b. has walked

c. had been walking

d. walked

6. She asked me if I

to the 7.00 p.m news on TV the night be-fore.

a. am listening

b. was listening

c. listened

d. had listened

7. He

to me they would discuss the matter the following day.

a. says

b. said

c. told

d. tells

8. I said I really didn’t know

to be happy or sad here that day.

a. why

b. whether

c. if

d. how

9. Mia said to Henry, “I

you up but you didn’t answer an hour ago.”

a. called

b. call

c. had called

d. has called

10. He said that he

go because he had an appointment in half an hour.

a. has to

b. must

c. had to

d. needs to

II. Viết lại câu theo lời nói gián tiếp. (Rewrite the sentences in indirect speech.)

VÍ DỤ: Mia said, “I miss my hometown very much.” → Mia said (that) she missed her hometown very much.

1. Christina said, “What should I do to remember all math formulas?”

2. My father said, “The freezing point of water is 0 C .”

3. “Have you suffered from lower back pain?” the doctor said to my mother.

4. Sandra said, “I didn’t sleep last night.”

5. “Why do you look so boring?” Mrs. Miller asked her daughter.

6. “I can’t focus on my study.” said Christ.

7. “Do you go to the gym often?” she asked.

8. Anna said, “I will have a math test next week.”

9. Kahn asked me, “Where are you going to spend the summer holiday?”.

10. “I’m trying to remember an old friend’s name”, Pierre said.

III. Viết lại câu theo lời nói trực tiếp. (Rewrite the sentences in direct speech.)

VÍ DỤ: She said that she would take a cooking class in that summer. → She said, “I will take a cooking class in this summer.”

1. John asked his friend whether it was easy to find a job as a designer.

2. Bella told me that her parents had misunderstood her but she wasn’t frustrated.

3. He said that he was leaving the following morning.

4. Terry told me that he had had a bad presentation in class the week before.

5. Thomas asked me whether it was good for my family to move to another city.

6. She said that she didn’t think taking risks too often was a good idea.

7. Peter asked if they would have a farewell party.

8. Amanda said that she had been very upset at first but she was fine then.

9. Brian asked Daisy if she had done well in the latest exam.

10. Sylvia said she couldn’t concentrate because it was too noisy.

IV. Sử dụng cấu trúc từ hỏi + động từ nguyên mẫu có to để hoàn thành câu trả lời. (Complete the answers using question word + to-infinitive) VÍ DỤ: Daisy: What film do you think we should see?

Lucas: I’m not sure what film to see.

1. John: When do you tell your parents about the mid-term test Ethan: I’m not sure

them about it.

2. Linda: Do you know where we should learn emotion control skills?

James: I’ve no idea of

those skills.

3. Kelvin: Do you think that you can’t always do the right things?

Mason: I can’t tell

the right things or not.

4. Michael: Which bus should we get on?

Aiden: I don’t know

.

5. Bill: What book are you going to buy?

Liam: I haven’t decided

.

V. Viết lại các câu sau dùng cấu trúc từ hỏi + động từ nguyên mẫu có to. (Rewrite the following sentences using question word + to-infinitive) VÍ DỤ: She wondered how she could tell that news to her parents. → She wondered how to tell that news to her parents.

1. Melisa wondered how she could ride a scooter.

2. She has no idea what she should do next.

3. Could you tell me where I can find a bookstore?

4. He doesn’t know what major he should follow at university.

5. We are talking about teen pressure and how we should cope with it.

6. The students can’t decide when they should take optional subjects.

7. You need to remember when you have to turn off the computer.

8. They are not sure who they will meet at the meeting.

9. The notice board didn’t specify who I should contact.

10. Gwen doesn’t know what she should wait for.

UNIT 4: LIFE IN THE PAST (CUỘC SỐNG TRONG QUÁ KHỨ) A. NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Ôn tập Used to 1. Công thức - Thể khẳng định: S + used to + V (nguyên thể) VÍ DỤ: We used to play on a soil ground in the suburban areas.

(Chúng tôi từng hay chơi trên nền đất ở vùng ngoại ô.)

- Thể phủ định: S + didn’t use to + V (nguyên thể) VÍ DỤ: I didn’t use to ride buffalo-drawn cart when I was a child.

(Tôi không thường cưỡi xe kéo khi còn là đứa trẻ.)

Trả lời: Yes, S + did. / No, S + didn’t.

VÍ DỤ: Did you use to walk to school? - Yes, I did.

(Bạn có từng hay đi bộ đến trường không? - Vâng, có.)

2. Cách dùng - Used to thường được dùng để nói về những thói quen trong quá khứ nhưng đã kết thúc ở hiện tại.

VÍ DỤ: My grandpa used to listen to the news through a loudspeaker. (Ông tôi từng hay nghe tin tức qua loa phóng thanh.)

- Used to thường được dùng để nói về những sự việc đúng với quá khứ nhưng không còn đúng ở hiện tại.

VÍ DỤ: Mobile phone didn’t use to be popular in the past. (Điện thoại di động không từng phổ biến trong quá khứ.)

II. Cách sử dụng wish ở hiện tại - Khi ước muốn một điều gì đó cho hiện tại hoặc tương lai có thể dùng câu với động từ wish.

VÍ DỤ: He wishes people in the world lived in peace.

(Cậu ấy ước mọi người trên thế giới sống trong hoà bình.)

- Động từ ở mệnh đề sau wish được chia ở thì quá khứ đơn. Tuy nhiên, có thể sử dụng thì quá khứ tiếp diễn để nói đến sự việc xảy ra ngay tại thời điểm nói.

I wish we were playing at the beach now.

(Tôi ước gì bây giờ chúng ta đang chơi trên bãi biển.)

- Dạng quá khứ were của động từ be có thể được dùng cho tất cả các ngôi.

VÍ DỤ: She wishes she were younger.

(Cô ấy ước gì mình trẻ hơn.)

- Các động từ khiếm khuyết (can, may, will...) phải được chuyển sang dạng quá khứ của nó (could, might, would...).

VÍ DỤ: I wish I could learn more about other people’s traditions.

(Tôi ước mình có thể học nhiều hơn về truyền thống của các dân tộc khác.)

B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Hoàn thành câu với used to và động từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences with used to and the verbs given below.) play

listen

be

believe

do

hide

like

have

live

give

1. We

hide and seek when we were kids.

2. My family

in an apartment five years ago.

3. When I was in elementary school, I 4. My grandpa

a bicycle.

to the radio and read many books.

5. When I was seven years old, I used to

ice-cream.

6. Every time she came to our house, she

me a big kiss.

7. Long time ago, people 8. Mrs. Sally 9. Boat 10. I

the world was flat.

all of the laundry and cooking for her family. the main means of transportation in their place. in a closet, when a stranger came to our house.

II. Viết câu hoàn chỉnh sử dụng used to hoặc didn’t use to. (Write complete sentences using used to or didn’t use to.)

1. I / be / very shy / but now I / be / sociable 2. They / not / like this city / but now they love it 3. She / do / lots of morning exercise / at home 4. I / not / like him much / when we / be / at school.

5. He / read / several books a month / but / he / not / have / time / any more 6. He / not / get on well with her / but now they both change

7. My Dad / get up at dawn every Sunday / go fishing 8. Ben / not / have / a lot of friends / now / but / he 9. When / my father / have to / commute to work every day / he / get up very early 10. I / not / like / fruits and vegetables / but Charlie / make / me change now

III. Sử dụng dạng câu hỏi của used to để viết lại các câu sau. (Use question form of used to to rewrite the following sentences.)

VÍ DỤ: I walked to school last year. →Did you use to walk to school last year?

1. Ethan visited his grandmother every summer.

2. They went to church regularly.

3. I didn’t wear a school uniform.

4. She lived in Hue before she came to Ha Noi. 5. All of us studied in the same class in high school.

6. Students in that school left the classroom at 9.30 p.m.

7. She didn’t spend time in a shopping mall at weekends.

8. The students chased each other around this apple tree.

9. My sister jumped on me for every little mistake.

10. He didn’t play the game hide-and-seek with his friends.

IV. Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. (Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.)

1. I wish I

(have) more time for my hobbies.

2. It’s very hot today. I wish it

(be) colder.

3. Christina wishes someone 4. Do you ever wish you 5. I wish you

(help) her right now. (can travel) to the moon?

(not, be) so horrible to your brother.

6. He wishes his mother

(will buy) him a new computer.

7. Have you ever wished you (can fly)?

8. She wishes she

(not, go) to school on Monday.

9. Mike is not here. I wish Mike 10. I wishes he

(play) with me right now.

(not, speak) to his brother like that.

V. Viết lại các câu sau dùng I wish. (Rewrite the following sentences using I wish.)

VÍ DỤ: I feel frustrated because he keeps arriving late for the class. → I wish he didn’t arrive late for the class.

1. I don’t know many people in this city.

2. I haven’t enough money for the books.

3. It’s so hot and I hate this weather.

4. I’m sad because Henry can’t come to my party.

5. My bike is broken and I don’t know how to fix it.

6. It’s a pity I can’t buy the tickets on sale.

7. I don’t have enough time to finish my homework.

8. My brother doesn’t allow me to play video games with him.

9. My neighborhood is terribly noisy at night.

10. I’m not the best student in my class.

UNIT 5: WONDERS OF VIET NAM (CÁC KÌ QUAN CỦA VIỆT NAM) A. NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Câu bị động với động từ tường thuật — bị động khách quan (Passive voice: impersonal passive) - Thường dùng câu bị động khách quan để diễn tả ý của người khác chứ không phải ý chủ động của mình.

Các động từ được dùng thường là các động từ tường thuật như say (nói), think (nghĩ), believe (tin), know (biết), hope (hi vọng), expect (mong đợi), report (báo cáo), understand (hiểu), claim (quả quyết)...

It + be + past participle + that + clause VÍ DỤ: It is known that Ha Long Bay was recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1994.

(Người ta biết rằng Vịnh Hạ Long được UNESCO công nhận là Di sản của Thế giới vào năm 1994.)

- Câu bị động khách quan cũng có dạng chủ động của nó. Chủ từ của câu chủ động thường là people, they...

VÍ DỤ: Chủ động: People say that the best time to visit Hue Imperial City is in April.

Bị động: It is said that the best time to visit Hue Imperial City is in April.

(Người ta nói rằng thời gian tốt nhất để thăm Hoàng thành Huế là vào tháng Tư.)

- Động từ tường thuật trong câu chủ động và động từ be trong câu bị động phải phù hợp về thì và số khi chuyển đổi.

VÍ DỤ: Chủ động: They reported that thousands of visitors came to enjoy the view of Phong Nha Caves last year.

Bị động: It was reported that thousands of visitors came to enjoy the view of Phong Nha Cave last year.

(Người tã được báo cáo rằng hàng ngàn người đã đến để thưởng ngoạn cảnh đẹp của động Phong Nha năm vừa rồi.)

II. Cách dùng Suggest + V-ing/clause with should 1. Suggest đì với động từ thêm -ing (Suggest + V-ing) - Cấu trúc V-ing theo sau động từ suggest thường được sử dụng để đưa ra một đề xuất nhưng không nói cụ thể ai sẽ làm việc đó.

S + suggest + V-ing VÍ DỤ: He suggests recycling plastic bags, cans and bottles.

(Anh ấy đề nghị tái chế túi nhựa, lon và chai.)

- Cấu trúc trên cũng được sử dụng để đưa ra lời khuyên. Khi đó, cả người nói lẫn người nghe đều có thể thực hiện lời khuyên đó.

VÍ DỤ: I suggest going by train.

(Tôi đề nghị đi bằng tàu hoả.)

2. Suggest đi với mệnh đề có should (Suggest + clause with should)

- Khi đưa ra một đề xuất, có thể sử dụng mệnh đề theo sau động từ suggest thay vì V-ing.

S1 + suggest + (that) + S2 + (should) + bare infinitive VÍ DỤ: The professor suggests that the students should read more books.

(Giáo sư đề nghị rằng sinh viên nên đọc nhiều sách hơn.)

- Có thể lược bỏ that và should ra khỏi mệnh đề mà câu vẫn đúng.

VÍ DỤ: The professor suggests the students read more books.

(Giáo sư đề nghị sinh viên đọc nhiều sách hơn.)

- Tuy nhiên, nếu tường thuật một việc trong quá khứ thì không được bỏ should.

VÍ DỤ: She suggested (that) I should call the police.

(Cô ấy đề nghị (rằng) tôi nên gọi công an.)

- Bare infinitive là động từ nguyên mẫu không to, nghĩa là không phụ thuộc vào thì và số (số ít hoặc số nhiều) của chủ từ đứng trước nó.

VÍ DỤ: I suggest that she visit Thien Duong Cave.

(Tôi đề nghị cô ấy thăm động Thiên Đường.)

B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Hoàn thành câu với dạng bị động của động từ trong ngoặc. (Complete the sentences using the passive form of the verbs in brackets.)

VÍ DỤ: Rickshaws are quicker and cheaper than taxis, (say) → It is said that rickshaws are quicker and cheaper than taxis.

1. Royal Citadel is one of the wonders of Viet Nam. (know) 2. Son Doong is the world’s largest cave, (report) 3. Hoi An is the former main port of Viet Nam in the 16th century, (say) 4. The most recent of Viet Nam’s World Heritage Sites is the Phong Nha- Ke Bang National Park, (report) 5. UNESCO will recognize more national parks as World Heritage Sites, (hope) 6. Trang An Landscape Complex is a spectacular landscape of limestone karst peaks, (understand) 7. All natural heritage sites will receive supports for sustainable use. (expect)

8. Heritage tourists stay longer and spend more time on holiday than other types of tourists, (claim) 9. The conservation of the all cultural heritage sites should be enhanced, (hope) 10. People are working for the preservation and protection of the properties, (understand)

II. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu. (Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.)

1. It

that Phong Nha - Ke Bang can be compared to a huge

geological museum. a. claimed

b. is claimed

2. They kingdom.

c. claims

that the Cham people built Po Nagar Cham temple tohonour their mother of the

a. told

b. say

3. The Viet people

c. said the Po Nagar temple tower in the

a. were taken over

b. take over

c. had took over

d. took over

4. People

d. tell 17th

century.

that Thien Duong is the longest cave in Viet Nam.

a. have reported

b. had reported

c. were reported

d. are reported

5. It

d. was claimed

that the government will have measures to protect and preserve man-made wonders.

a. expects

b. was expected

6. People

d. is expecting

Ha Long Bay is one of the most extraordinary natural wonders you will ever see.

a. say 7. They

c. is expected

b. said

c. were said

d. are said

more than 100,000 people to attend the festivals at the Perfumed Pagoda.

a. expected

b. are expected

c. were expected

d. expect

8. It is said that Royal Citadel a. were listed

as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

b. is listed

9. It is understood that Binh Dai Fortress

c. lists

d. listing

to control movement

on the Perfumed river. a. designed 10. Hoa Lu

b. was designed

c. designs

d. design

in Trang An Landscape Complex in the 10th and 11th centuries AD.

a. established

b. establishes

c. was established

d. is established

III. Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc bị động khách quan. (Rewrite the sentences using the impersonal passive.)

VÍ DỤ: People say that Viet Nam has many picturesque wonders.

→ It is said that Viet Nam has many picturesque wonders.

1. People understand that My Son Sanctuary was constructed between the 4th and the 14th century AD. 2. People know that Citadel of the Ho Dynasty was the capital of Viet Nam from 1398 to 1407.

3. They said that Hue Imperial City was the political, cultural and religious centre under the Nguyen dynasty.

4. They believe that Hoi An was an active trading port from 15th to 19th century.

5. People reported that there was human activity in Trang An Landscape Complex more than 30,000 years ago.

6. People understood that The Thang Long Imperial Citadel was built in the 11th century by the Vietnamese Ly Dynasty.

7. People know that Ha Long Bay is a spectacular seascape of limestone pillars.

8. People hope that the level of tourism needs to be managed so as not to exceed the capacity of Hue Monuments.

9. They said that Thang Long was the centre of regional political power for almost 13 centuries without interruption.

10. People understood that Hoi An town reflects indigenous and foreign cultures.

IV. Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. (Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.)

1. Veronica suggests

(travel) around Viet Nam next week.

2. My father suggests we should

(go) by air.

3. The guide suggests that the visitors shouldn’t 4. He suggests 5. We suggested she

(not, drink) tape water. (stay) in the Romance Hotel.

6. My friends suggest 7. I suggested

(not, buy) souvenirs at that tourist attraction. (have) meals at the place called Shanti.

8. Mi suggested that we should 9. She suggested 10. I suggest that he

(eat) food sold in the street.

(take) a boat to enjoy Tam Coc.

(not, try) to sail the boat. (see) all the royal palaces inside the Hue Citadel.

V. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu. (Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.)

1. The tour guide suggests that Kelly a. visiting 2. I suggest a. going

b. should visit b. go

c. to go

5. He suggests a. playing

b. buying

c. buy

7. I suggest a. don’t buy

d. should go

d. buys

to My Son Sanctuary after 4:30 p.m as it is closed at that time.

b. come

c. came

d. shouldn’t come

traditional games in Hoi An Ancient Town. b. play

c. to play

6. The travel consultant suggests that we a. to book

d. visits

tickets to visit both Hue Imperial City and Hue Museum of Royal

4. She suggests that visitors a. should come

c. to visit

hiking and mountain-biking in Phong Nha - Ke Bang National Park.

3. They suggest that he Antiquities. a. to buy

One Pillar Pagoda when arriving in Ha Noi.

b. booking

d. should play

a hotel room instead of a guest house. c. book

d. booked

anything if we’re not sure about the price and quality. b. not to buy c. not buy d. not buying

8. He suggested

time on a private junk cruise in Ha Long Bay.

a. that spend

b. spending

c. should spend

d. spend

9. We suggest they

the busy streets and visit Gong Culture Festival.

a. escaped

b. should be escaped

c. must escape

d. escape

10. She suggested that he

at 10:00 a.m at his hotel in Hoi An.

a. should start

b. starts

c. will start

d. is starting

VI. Chuyển các câu sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp sử dụng cấu trúc suggest + V-ing/ mệnh đề với should. (Change the sentences into indirect speech using suggest + V-ing/clause with should) VÍ DỤ: “Why don’t you book a package tour to that destination?” he asked me. →He suggested that I should book a package tour to that destination.

1. “I suggest buying a conical hat at that souvenir shop,” she said.

2. He said, “I suggest you should apply for a job in a travel agency.”

3. “Let’s ask someone for directions,” Sylvie said to me.

4. “I suggest you wear a life vest when travelling by boat,” Laura said to me.

5. Thomas said to his friends, “Let’s climb to the top of the hill.”

6. Dweller asked, “Why don’t we wait until the lanterns are lighted?”

7. I said to him, “You should come as soon as you can.”

8. The tour guide said, “I suggest visiting Hoi An at night.”

9. “Why don’t you ask for information before taking the trip?” said Thierry.

10. She said, “Let’s travel together for safety because the waterfall is so dangerous.”

UNIT 6: VIET NAM: THEN AND NOW (VIỆT NAM XƯA VÀ NAY) A. NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Ôn tập thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect) 1. Công thức a. Thể khẳng định: S + had + Ved/V3 + ...

VÍ DỤ: Viet Nam had experienced decades of fighting for freedom before the country became totally independent.

(Việt Nam đã trải qua những thập kỉ đấu tranh cho tự do trước khi đất nước hoàn toàn độc lập.) b. Thể phủ định S + had not + Ved/ V3 +...

VÍ DỤ: Before the invention of television, people hadn’t enjoyed films at home.

(Trước khi ti vi được phát minh thì người ta không xem phim tại nhà.) c. Thể nghi vấn Had + S + Ved/V3 + ...?

Trả lời: Yes, S + had. / No, S + hadn’t.

VÍ DỤ: Had your family lived in a thatched house before you moved to an apartment?

(Gia đình bạn đã sống trong một ngôi nhà tranh trước khi chuyển đến một căn hộ phải không?)

2. Cách sử dụng - Dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ. Hành động hoàn thành trước được chia theo thì quá khứ hoàn thành và hành động xảy ra sau được chia theo thì quá khứ đơn.

VÍ DỤ: I hadn’t lived in a city before I came here in 2001.

(Tôi chưa sống ở thành thị trước khi tôi đến đây vào năm 2001.)

- Dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.

VÍ DỤ: Before the 1990s, Viet Nam had had an old banking system.

(Trước thập niên 1990 thì Việt Nam có hệ thống ngân hàng cũ.)

- Thì quá khứ hoàn thành được sử dụng trong mệnh đề if của câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật trong quá khứ.

VÍ DỤ: If you hadn’t practiced hard before the competition, you mightn’t have won it.

(Nếu bạn không luyện tập chăm chỉ trước cuộc thi thì có lẽ bạn đã không thắng.)

3. Dấu hiệu nhận biết Trong câu có các mệnh đề chỉ thời gian bắt đầu bằng after, before, when, by the time.

- When (khi) VÍ DỤ: When my brother was born in 1983, trams had been a popular means of transport in Ha Noi. (Khi anh tôi được sinh ra vào năm 1983 thì xe điện đã trở thành phương tiện giao thông phổ biến ở Hà Nội.)

- Before (trước khi) Trước before sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành và sau before sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn.

VÍ DỤ: Had you heard the news before you saw it on T.V? (Bạn đã biết tin đó trước khi bạn xem nó trên ti vi phải không?)

- After (sau khi) Trước after sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn và sau after sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

VÍ DỤ: After Viet Nam had had open-door policy, Vietnamese people lived more happily.

(Sau khi Việt Nam có chính sách mở cửa thì người Việt sống hạnh phúc hơn.)

- By the time (vào thời điểm) VÍ DỤ: He had come here for three years by the time we met.

(Anh ấy đã đến đây được ba năm khi chúng tôi gặp nhau.)

II. Các cấu trúc câu tính từ đi với động từ nguyên mẫu có to hoặc mệnh đề that (Adjective + toinfinitive/ Adjective + that-clause) 1. It + be + adjective + to-infinitive - Đây là cấu trúc sử dụng chủ ngữ giả it để nhấn mạnh một hành động bằng cách dùng tính từ trước động từ thay vì trạng từ sau động từ. Nếu tính từ có hai dạng –ing và -ed thì dạng -ing được sử dụng.

VÍ DỤ: It is fascinating to see your old school.

(Thật thú vị khi thấy ngôi trường cũ của bạn.)

- Có thể thêm giới từ + đại từ/ danh từ (preposition + pronoun/ noun) sau tính từ để chỉ đích danh chủ thể của hành động trong câu.

VÍ DỤ: It is kind of him to lend me his book.

(Anh ấy thật tốt khi cho tôi mượn quyển sách của anh ấy.)

2. Subject + be + adjective + to-infinitive - Đây là cấu trúc thường được dùng để diễn tả các loại cảm xúc hoặc ý kiến. Nếu chủ ngữ chính của câu là danh từ hoặc đại từ nhân xưng thì tính từ theo sau phải ở dạng -ed thay vì -ing.

VÍ DỤ: I was surprised to meet my old friend yesterday.

(Tôi bất ngờ khi gặp bạn cũ ngày hôm qua.)

- Quá khứ phân từ (past participle) có thể đứng sau to-infinitive để chỉ hành động đã hoàn thành nhưng không có thời gian cụ thể.

VÍ DỤ: The students were glad to have passed the exams.

(Các bạn sinh viên vui vì đã vượt qua kì thi.)

- Các tính từ trong câu thường là những tính từ chỉ cảm xúc như afraid, annoyed, astonished, aware, confident, conscious, convinced, glad, happy, pleased, relieved, sorry, sure, surprised...

3. Subject + be + adjective + that-clause Thay vì dùng cấu trúc to-infinitive thì dùng that-clause cho câu có hai chủ ngữ khác nhau. Mệnh đề that đóng vai trò làm bổ ngữ cho tính từ đứng trước nó.

VÍ DỤ: Farmers are delighted that life in the countryside has improved considerably.

(Nông dân vui mừng khi cuộc sống ở nông thôn cải thiện đáng kể.)

B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Chọn động từ được cho bên dưới để hoàn thành câu theo thì quá khứ hoàn thành. (Choose the verbs given below to complete the sentences in the past perfect.) study

solve

spend

rule

build

live

change

use

stop

be

1. King Due Due

the country for only three days before he was overthrown.

2. Vietnamese people 3. How long

in extended family before 1990. you

4. Hai Van pass

your phone before it broke down?

the main way before Hai Van tunnel was built in 2005.

5. Traffic jams decreased after they 6. Ha Noi tram system

many flyovers at intersections.

before the 1990s for the urbanization.

7. The residents were pleased because the city 8. When I came back to the city in 1993, it 9. They

traffic problems. a lot.

in classrooms made of mud and straw before the war ended.

10. Where

your family

holidays before 2005?

II. Chia dạng đúng của động từ theo thì quá khứ hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ đơn. (Supply the correct form of the verbs in the past perfect or past simple.)

1. Few people 2. There

(have) cars in Ho Chi Minh City before the past decade. (not, be) many skyscrapers in our city before 2010.

3. Many people in our country 4.

(she, write) you a letter before she

5. Our parents 6. We

(suffer) from poverty before the reunification day. (leave) the country last month?

(use) landline phones before they (study) in the countryside before we

(change) to mobile phones. (move) here some years ago.

7. His parents

(settle) nearby just before Thanh

8. They

(go) to study agriculture.

(build) many concrete roads after they

9. Farmers

(have) enough investments.

(drive) buffalos to plough before they

10. Motorbike

(buy) ploughing machines.

(be) the asset of the wealthy before it

(become) popular.

III. Ghép phần mở đầu và phần kết thúc. (Match the beginnings to the endings.)

1. It is possible for a developing country

a. to spend their vacation abroad.

2. It is very convenient

b. to relax nearby a noisy neighbour

3. It is necessary for you

c. to speak in front of all those people.

4. It is exciting for them

d. to work until 2:00 a.m.

5. It was unprofessional of you

e. to develop sustainably

6. It is hard for them

f. to have finished all the maths exercises

7. It’s not necessary for them

g. to know about your country’s history

8. It was brave of him

h. to visit me when I was ill

9. It was smart of you

i. to be late for the meeting

10. It was kind of you

j. to ride a bike in small streets

IV. Hoàn thành câu với tính từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences using the adjectives given below.) convinced

sorry

confident

astonished

happy

relieved

certain

afraid

willing

annoyed

1. She is

to see her mother smile every day.

2. He was

to know that the train would be delayed.

3. He is

to contribute her talent to the city development. to quit his town as he doesn’t feel safe.

4. Luis is always 5. She is

to overcome difficulties for greater accomplishment.

6. Jane was shy and

to speak in front of a crowd.

7. After all his hard work, he is 8. We were 9. I’m

to pass his final exam.

to find the temple still in its original condition. to disturb you, but can I talk to you for a moment?

10. His mother was

to see him safe after the accident.

V. Viết lại các câu bằng cách dùng cấu trúc S + be + adjective + that-clause. (Rewrite the sentences using S + be + adjective + that-clause.)

VÍ DỤ: I’m sure to pass the exam. I have studied very well. → I’m sure to pass the exam that I have studied very well.

1. You will know a lot of people at the party. I’m sure about that.

2. He was anxious. His identification card was missing.

3. They were afraid. We were going to be late.

4. Steven couldn’t gain the scholarship. He is very sad.

5. They couldn’t learn the lesson of history. That made us disappointed.

6. I was surprised because the bus was half empty at rush hour.

7. Her daughter had so much talent. She was proud of that.

8. She chose a college close to home. Her mother was pleased.

9. I haven’t replied to your letter yet. That makes me ashamed.

10. She was frightened because the dog might attack her.

UNIT 7: RECIPES AND EATING HABITS (CÔNG THỨC NẤU ĂN VÀ THÓI QUEN ĂN UỐNG) NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Ôn tập các từ định lượng 1. Từ định lượng Từ định lượng là một từ đơn hoặc cụm từ được sử dụng với danh từ để diễn tả về lượng hoặc số lượng.

VÍ DỤ: a little

một chút

some

một vài, một ít

many

nhiều

a lot of

nhiều

few

vài

- Một số từ định lượng dùng với danh từ không đếm được much

nhiều

a little, little

một chút, ít

a bit of

một chút

a large amount of

một số lượng lớn

a large quantity of

một lượng lớn

- Một số từ định lượng dùng với danh từ đếm được many

nhiều

a few, few

một vài, vài

a number of

một số

several of

một số

a majority of

phần lớn

- Từ định lượng dùng với cả hai loại danh từ trên. some

một vài

any

một vài

all

tất cả

most

phần lớn

none

không ai, không cái nào

a lot of

rất nhiều

lots of

nhiều

plenty of

nhiều

@ Lưu ý: - Các mạo từ a, an cũng là những từ định lượng. A được dùng trước danh từ đếm được số ít bắt đầu bằng phụ âm và an được dùng trước danh từ đếm được bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm.

VÍ DỤ: a house

an hour an MP a university an uncle an Italian dish - Few, little dùng với nghĩa phủ định.

VÍ DỤ: There is little sugar in my coffee.

(Không có nhiều đường trong cà phê của tôi.)

- A few, a little dùng với nghĩa xác định.

VÍ DỤ: We have a few eggs. (Chúng tôi có vài quả trứng.)

- Some thường được dùng trong câu khẳng định nhưng cũng được dùng trong câu hỏi đề nghị.

VÍ DỤ: Would you like some fresh water?

(Bạn muốn uống một ít nước không?)

- Any thường được dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi nhưng có khi được dùng trong câu khẳng định với nghĩa là “bất kì”.

VÍ DỤ: He can eat any type of vegetables.

(Anh ta có thể ăn bất kì loại rau nào.)

2. Các từ định lượng về thực phẩm (Food quantifiers) Có một số danh từ chỉ thực phẩm thuộc loại không đếm được như bread, rice, water,… Đo đếm những danh từ này, ta dùng các từ định lượng đặc biệt. a bag of

một túi/ bịch

a bar of

một thanh

a bottle of

một chai

a bunch of

một bó/ chùm/ nải

a box of

một hộp

a can of

một lon

a carton of

một thùng

a clove of

một tép

a cup of

một tách

a dozen of

một tá

100 grams of

một trăm gram

a handful of

một nắm

a head of

một bắp

a jar of

một lọ

a kilo of

một kí

a loaf of

một ổ

a pack of

một bịch

a pinch of

một nhúm

a roll of

một cuộn

a slice of

một lát mỏng

a stick of

một cọng, que

a tablespoon of

một muỗng canh

a teaspoon of

một thìa cà phê

a tin of

một hộp thiết

a tube of

một ông

VÍ DỤ: She usually buys a loaf of bread every morning.

(Cô ấy thường mua một ổ bánh mì mỗi buổi sáng.)

II. Động từ khiếm khuyết trong câu điều kiện loại 1 1. Ôn tập câu điều kiện loại 1 (Conditional sentences type 1) - Câu điều kiện loại 1 là câu điều kiện diễn tả sự việc có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

VÍ DỤ: If you’re allergic to seafood, small red spots will appear on your skin.

(Nếu bạn bị dị ứng với hải sản, những đốm đỏ nhỏ sẽ xuất hiện trên da của bạn.)

- Công thức chung như sau: If Clause (Mệnh đề If)

Main Clause (Mệnh đề chính)

If + S + V(s/ es)

S + will + V (nguyên thể)

- Mệnh đề if dùng thì hiện tại đơn. Mệnh đề chính dùng thì tương lai đơn.

- Mệnh đề chính có thể được đặt trước mệnh đề if và không dùng dấu phẩy.

VÍ DỤ: The rice will be burnt on the bottom if you don’t add enough water to the pot.

(Gạo sẽ bị cháy khét dưới đáy nếu bạn không cho đủ nước vào nồi.)

2. Động từ khiếm khuyết trong câu điều kiện loại 1 - Mệnh đề chính có thể dùng động từ khiếm khuyết ở dạng nguyên thể để thay cho will như: can, may, must...

- Công thức chung như sau: If Clause (Mệnh đề If)

Main Clause (Mệnh đề chính)

If + S + V(s/es)

S + modal verb + V (nguyên thể)

VÍ DỤ: If you eat too much salty food, it can damage your kidneys.

(Nếu bạn ăn quá nhiều thức ăn mặn, nó có thể gây hại cho thận của bạn.)

B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Điền vào chỗ trống với mạo từ a, an, some hoặc any. (Fill in the blank with a, an, some or any.)

1. If you don’t mind, I will go and make myself

omelette.

2. Would you like

ketchup to go with your fries?

3. It’s true that

of us don’t usually marinate meat before cooking.

4. This type of products is made from 100% shallot without 5. There is

instant noodle, so you don’t have to buy

6. That’s a healthy breakfast you won’t find 7. The cook fried

bread or cakes.

better at a restaurant.

chicken strips and toss in

8. I can’t believe it! Isn’t there 9.

additive.

minutes.

drink in the fridge?

avocado tree is medium to large tall tree.

10. Do you know how much fat

eggplant can provide?

II. Chọn phương án đúng. (Choose the correct option.)

1. I don’t eat (much/ many) fast food.

2. We are going away for (few/ a few) days.

3. Will there be (most/ many) guests at the party?

4. She likes (a little/ a few) sugar in her coffee.

5. Was there (some/ any) food left over from the party?

6. They import a (large amount/ number) of grains from overseas.

7. (Few/ Little) people know as much about food as Jack does.

8. We have (much/ little) bread. It is not enough for dinner.

9. I think she drank (several/ a lot of) wine last night.

10. He hasn’t phoned me for (any/ some) weeks.

III. Hoàn thành câu với từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences with the words given below.) teaspoon

pinch

bunch

jar

can

head

jug

box

loaf

bar

1. I have ordered a

of honey on a website.

2. She bought a

of grapes from the market.

3. I’ll go across to the shop and buy a 4. I’d like two teas and a 5. You will need a

- of bread.

of chocolate, please. of tuna for this recipe.

6. A family just bought a

of cereal from the grocery store.

7. If you like it saltier, I’d recommend a tiny

of sea salt.

8. Drinking a

i of coconut water every day is super healthy.

9. If you add a

of oil to butter when frying, it won’t burn.

10. If you break up a

of garlic, you’ll get lots of smaller cloves.

IV. Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo câu điều kiện loại 1. Dùng will cho mệnh đề chính. (Supply the correct form or tense of the verb in brackets with the conditional sentences type 1. Use will for main clause.)

1. If the pan

(be) big, the omelette

(cook) quickly.

2. A person may not need extra vitamins if he or she 3. We can’t survive for long if we

(eat) a healthy diet.

(not, have) enough food and drink.

4. If you

(eat) more calories than you need, your body

4. If you

(eat) more calories than you need, your body

5. If you

(not, be) familiar with the menu, you should ask the waiter.

(change) extra calories to fat.

6. Physicians must advise against the use of sugar if the patient 7. The fish sauce can make your dish salty if you 8. Bacteria can multiply to dangerous levels if the food 9. If the cooked vegetable 10. If you skip a meal, you

(suffer) from diabetes.

(use) it too much. (not, cook) thoroughly.

(not, be) good, you can order a substitute salad. (likely, start) to feel lazy and be unable to focus.

V. Mỗi câu sau có một lỗi. Tìm và sửa lại cho đúng. (There is one mistake in each sentence. Find and correct it.)

1. If you use reusable bags you should keep one bag for raw meats only.

2. If everyone switch to vegetables and grains, will there be enough to eat?

3. If the food was frozen, the refreezing may affect the quality of some food.

4. If you use fresh fruits, you will wash them thoroughly under a running tap.

5. If you just look at raw fish, there wouldn’t be no way to say it is safe to eat.

6. If you eat 300 calories, your body will takes 30 calories to process those 300 calories.

7. You will burn an extra 95 calories, if you drink around four pints of water a day.

8. If you want to eat two meals a day, you must sure to consume enough calories.

9. If you drinks fruit juice regularly, you should ask your doctor about its effects.

10. It can help to lose weight and prevent obesity if you changed your lifestyle.

VI. Ghép phần mở đầu với phần kết thúc. (Match the beginnings to the endings.)

2. If the meat is not fully cooked,

a. if the temperature of the chicken is under 70°C. b. if the skin is very thin.

3. If chilies are grown in a warm climate,

c. if you need a cake within 3 hours.

1. You can skip the peeling step

4. The chicken will be undercooked

d. if the food is contaminated with E. coli?

5. Your order must be taken at least 3 hours in advance

e. you need to add colorful vegetables.

6. You can remove the fish’s skin after baking

f. bacteria may not be killed.

7. If your nose is stuffed,

g. if you’re a bread lover.

8. If you want a refined looking soup,

h. they will grow fast. i. if it’s hard to remove it from the raw fish. j. eating hot soup will literally help you breathe better.

9. How can I know 10. Baguette bread may be a great option

UNIT 8 : TOURISM (DU LỊCH) A. NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Ôn tập mạo từ 1. A, an - A được sử dụng trước các danh từ số ít đếm được bắt đầu bằng phụ âm.

VÍ DỤ: He is a tour guide. (Anh ấy là một hướng dẫn viên du lịch.)

- An được sử dụng trước các danh từ số ít đếm được bắt đầu bằng các nguyên âm.

VÍ DỤ: He is an actor. (Ông ấy là một diễn viên.)

- Dùng a trước các danh từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm nhưng phát âm như phụ âm và dùng an trước các danh từ bắt đầu bằng phụ âm nhưng phát âm như nguyên âm.

VÍ DỤ: a UFO

/ˌjuː - ef ˈ- əʊ/

an MRI

/ˌem ɑːr-aɪ/

an F

/ef/

an hour

/ˈaʊər/

a euro

/ˈjʊərəʊ/

- Không dùng a, an trước các danh từ không đếm được.

VÍ DỤ: Information about tourist destinations is easy to found on their website.

(Thông tin về các điểm đến du lịch dễ dàng được tìm thấy trên trang web của họ.)

- Không dùng a, an trước các danh từ đếm được ở số nhiều.

VÍ DỤ: Passengers must show their ID cards at security checking gates.

(Hành khách phải xuất trình chứng minh thư tại cửa kiểm tra an ninh.)

2. The a. Các trường hợp dùng the - Dùng the trước các tính từ dùng trong xếp hạng hoặc thứ tự như the first, the second, the third, the next, the last, the previous, the following, the penultimate...

VÍ DỤ: This is the second day of our vacation. (Đây là ngày thứ hai của kì nghỉ của chúng tôi.)

- Dùng the trước các từ so sánh nhất như the best, the biggest, the most attractive, the least interesting...

VÍ DỤ: That is the most expensive resort I’ve ever stayed. (Đó là khu nghỉ dưỡng đắt nhất mà tôi từng ở.)

- Dùng the trước các danh từ chỉ biển, đại dương, sông, núi, quần đảo, nhạc cụ...: VÍ DỤ: She can play the guitar. (Cô ấy có thể chơi đàn ghi ta.)

- Dùng the trước các danh từ chỉ những thứ độc nhất. the Sun

Mặt Trời

the Moon

Mặt Trăng

- Dùng the trước các danh từ chỉ khu vực địa lí. the Northwest, the Middle East, the Equator, the North Pole (Tây Bắc, Trung Đông, Xích đạo, Cực Bắc) - Sử dụng the với tác phẩm nghệ thuật hoặc kiến trúc đặc biệt the Mona Lisa, the Colosseum, the Great Wall of China, the Taj Mahal (bức tranh nàng Mona Lisa, đấu trường Colosseum, Vạn Lí Trường Thành, đền Taj Mahal) - The có thể được sử dụng với tên người ở số nhiều để chỉ gia đình.

VÍ DỤ: My aunt lives next door to the Browns.

(Dì tôi sống bên cạnh gia đình ông bà Brown.)

- The có thể được sử dụng kết hợp với các tính từ nhất định để chỉ một nhóm người như the young, the elderly, the rich...

VÍ DỤ: Tourism opens job opportunities for the young.

(Du lịch mở ra các cơ hội việc làm cho giới trẻ.)

- The được dùng trong một số trường hợp về khoảng thời gian sau: in the morning/afternoon/evening (vào buổi sáng/ chiều/ tối) during the day/ night (suốt ngày/ đêm) the day before/after yesterday/tomorrow (ngày trước/ sau ngày hôm qua/ ngày mai) the spring/summer/autumn/winter (mùa xuân/ hạ/ thu/ đông) VÍ DỤ: We will depart in the morning. (Chúng tôi sẽ khởi hành vào buổi sáng.) b. Các trường hợp không dùng the - Không dùng the trước tên hồ, núi, hành tinh, chùm sao, trường học, bệnh viện, nhà thờ, tiểu bang, quận, huyện,...

VÍ DỤ: Have you ever visited Notre Dame Cathedral in Ho Chi Minh City?

(Bạn từng thăm Nhà thờ Đức Bà ở Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh chưa?)

- Không dùng the trước tên nước.

VÍ DỤ: I’ve ever been to France.

(Tôi đã từng đến Pháp.)

Ngoại lệ: The United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the Maldives, the Bahamas

VÍ DỤ: The Netherlands is a wonderful country.

(Hà Lan là một đất nước tuyệt vời.)

II. So sánh a (an) và the - A (an) là mạo từ không xác định. Không xác định có nghĩa là không cụ thể. Ta sử dụng a (an) khi nói về một điều chung chung, không phải cụ thể.

VÍ DỤ: He bought a phone. (Anh ấy đã mua một cái điện thoại.)

Chỉ nói chung chung và đó có thể là bất kì điện thoại nào.

- Sử dụng a (an) khi nói về một điều mới, chưa biết hoặc được giới thiệu cho người nghe lần đầu tiên.

Cũng sử dụng a (an) khi nói về sự tồn tại của một cái gì đó.

VÍ DỤ: I have an orange. (Tôi có một trái cam.) → Trái cam được giới thiệu lần đầu tiên.

- The là mạo từ xác định. Xác định có nghĩa là cụ thể. Ta sử dụng the khi nói về một cái gì đó đã được đề cập, giới thiệu, thảo luận trước đó.

VÍ DỤ: Have you bought a phone? Is the phone black?

(Bạn vừa mua điện thoại phải không? Nó có màu đen phai không?)

Người hỏi cho rằng người nghe có một cái điện thoại khi hỏi về nó trong câu đầu tiên. Ở câu thứ hai người hỏi đề cập đến điện thoại được mua chứ không phải cái nào khác.

B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Điền vào khoảng trống với a, an hoặc không dùng mạo từ (zero article). (Fill in the blanks with a, an or zero article.)

1. I’d like to have

apple juice, please.

2. They live in

European country.

3. She’s a writer. She writes 4. I have never seen

books.

UFO, but lots of fireballs.

5. She says soft drink isn’t good but she loves 6. You should take

umbrella as it’s going to rain.

7. Set back the clock; it is

hour too fast.

8. I didn’t know that she was in 9. He was

Coke.

hospital.

honor student in high school.

10. You have got

really nice eyes.

II. Điền vào khoảng trống với the hoặc không dùng mạo từ (zero article). (Fill in the blanks with the or zero article.)

1.

Toronto is located on

2. We went to

Lake Ontario.

Phu Quoc Island for a holiday.

3. I’m

first in my family to go to

4. You can go to

aquarium, but I’ll go to

5. Whatever people say, 6. What is 7.

university.

milk is good for you.

address of

hotel you made

Hawaii is an island in

reservation?

Pacific Ocean.

8. I have a dog, and my cousin has 9. Dalat is usually called 10. I can spell as well as

zoo.

dogs as well. city of flowers.

most students.

III. Viết lại các đoạn văn và điền vào khoảng trống với a, an, the hoặc để trống. (Rewrite the texts and fill in the blanks with a, an, the or leave it empty.)

1. We stayed in extraordinary hotel room in Venice. and huge T.V. It also had large balcony with 2. During

holidays we organized excursion to city. It is largest known cave passage in

3. There are two cars parked outside: black one and neighbors; I don’t know who owner of 4. I don’t usually like staying at very nice hotel by sea.

hotel room have Jacuzzi unbelievable city view.

Son Doong Caves far from world by volume.

white one. white one is.

hotels, but last summer we spent

black one belongs to my few days at

5. I have two brothers. older one is training to be pilot with British Airways. younger one is still at school. When he leaves school, he hopes to go to university to study law.

UNIT 9: ENGLISH IN THE WORLD (TIẾNG ANH TRÊN THẾ GIỚI) A. NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Ôn tập câu điều kiện loại 2 (Conditional sentences type 2) Định nghĩa Câu điều kiện loại 2 là câu điều kiện nói đến một sự việc hoặc hành động không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai.

VÍ DỤ: If he had an IELTS certificate, he would get the job.

(Nếu anh ấy có chứng chỉ IELTS thì anh ấy đã có được công việc đó.)

Công thức chung như sau: If Clause (Mệnh đề If)

Main Clause (Mệnh đề chính)

If + S + V-ed/V2

S + would/ could/ might + V (nguyên thể)

If + S + was/were

S + wouldn’t/ couldn’t/ mightn’t +V (nguyên thể)

@ Lưu ý: - Mệnh đề if dùng thì quá khứ đơn. Mệnh đề chính dùng dạng quá khứ của động từ khiếm khuyết.

- Mệnh đề chính có thể được đặt trước mệnh đề if và không dùng dấu phẩy.

VÍ DỤ: English would be easy to learn if it didn’t have such a large vocabulary.

(Tiếng Anh sẽ dễ học hơn nếu nó không có quá nhiều từ vựng như vậy) - Có thể dùng were thay cho was cho tất cả các ngôi trong mệnh đề if VÍ DỤ: If I were you, I would spend more time improving my pronunciation.

(Nếu tôi là bạn thì tôi sẽ dành nhiều thời gian hơn để cải thiện cách phát âm của mình.)

II. Mệnh đề quan hệ (Relative clause) 1. Định nghĩa Mệnh đề quan hệ là một mệnh đề bắt đầu bằng các đại từ quan hệ, được thêm vào câu để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước nó.

VÍ DỤ: The girl whose father teaches in my school is very good at English.

(Cô gái mà có ba dạy ở trường của tôi rất giỏi Tiếng Anh.) - Mệnh đề whose father teaches in my school được gọi là mệnh đề quan hệ, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ The girl.

- Từ whose trong câu trên được gọi là đại từ quan hệ. Các đại từ quan hệ bao gồm: which, who, whom, when, where, why, whose, that.

2. Đại từ quan hệ (Relative pronouns) Đại từ quan hệ

Ví dụ

Which

The book which I want to buy is about British literature.

(chỉ vật)

(Quyển sách tôi muốn mua nói về văn học Anh.)

Who

The man who smiled at you at the cinema yesterday is my brother.

(Người mỉm cười với bạn tại rạp phim hôm qua là anh trai tôi.)

(chỉ người) Whom (chỉ người, làm tân ngữ)

The girl to whom I gave the pen is living next door.

(Cô gái mà tôi cho cây bút đang sống ở nhà kế bên.)

When (chỉ thời gian)

I still remember the day when I started to learn English.

(Tôi vẫn nhớ cái ngày tôi bắt đầu học tiếng Anh.)

Where

The school where I studied in elementary level has been rebuilt.

(chỉ nơi chôn) Why (chỉ lí do)

(Ngôi trường nơi tôi học tiểu học đã được xây lại.)

Whose (chỉ sở hữu) That (chỉ người hay vật)

That’s not the reason why he got good marks for English. (Đó không phải là lí do tại sao anh ấy được điểm tốt môn Tiếng Anh.) His father has a friend whose book is published in March.

(Ba anh ấy có một người bạn có sách xuất bản vào tháng Ba.) I’d like to do something that is good for my health.

(Tôi muốn làm điều gì đó tốt cho sức khoẻ của mình.)

@ Lưu ý: - Nếu trong mệnh đề quan hệ có giới từ thì có thể đưa giới từ ra trước whom và which. Lưu ý là không áp dụng quy tắc này với cụm động từ và các đại từ quan hệ khác.

VÍ DỤ: This is a good position from which we can watch the show. (Đây là một vị trí tốt mà chúng ta có thể theo dõi buổi biểu diễn.)

- Where và when có thể được thay thê bằng giới từ + which. Khi đó, giới từ có thể đưa ra cuối mệnh đề.

VÍ DỤ: Oxford is a university where/at which many students dream of studying. Oxford is a university which many students dream of studying at.

(Oxford là một trường đại học mà nhiều sinh viên mơ ước được học.)

- Who có thể thay thế whom ở vị trí túc từ. Khi đó, giới từ có thể được đưa ra cuối mệnh đề.

VÍ DỤ: That is the foreign teacher with whom Lien usually practises English. That is the foreign teacher who Lien usually practises English with. (Đó là giáo viên nước ngoài mà Liên thường luyện tiếng Anh.) - Which có thể thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó.

VÍ DỤ: She’s studying to become a teacher, which is not so difficult.

(Chị ấy đang học để trở thành một cô giáo, nó không khó khăn lắm.)

- Trước whom, whose và which có thể có các cụm từ chỉ số lượng như none of, neither of, both of, some of, many of, all of...

VÍ DỤ: She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before.

(Cô ấy mang theo ba người bạn mà tôi chưa từng gặp ai trong số đó trước đây.)

- That thường được dùng để thay thế các đại từ quan hệ chỉ người hay vật. Lưu ý là trước that không có giới từ và dấu phẩy.

VÍ DỤ: He told me about schools, teachers and friends that he would never forget.

(Anh ấy kể với tôi về trường học, thầy cô và bạn bè mà anh ấy sẽ không bao giờ quên.)

English is the only foreign language that he wants to learn.

(Tiếng Anh là ngoại ngữ duy nhất mà anh ấy muốn học.)

B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo câu điều kiện loại 2. sử dụng would cho mệnh đề chính. (Supply the correct form or tense of the verb in brackets with the conditional sentences type 2. Use would for main clause.)

1. Brian 2. If I

(not, walk) to school if he (win) a million dollars, I

3. Keith

(get) up late.

(not. be) understood evervwhere,

5. You

(pass) the speaking test if you

6. If I

(lose) mv glasses. I

7. The children 8. Lien English.

10. I

(study) English in Britain.

(miss) the bus if she

4. If English

9. If Pamela

(have) a bike.

(the world, be) different? (practise) more.

(not. be) able to read.

(be) happy if they

(be) on holiday.

(go) to university in Canada if she (speak) English fluently, she

(would) understand if Michael

(master) (probably, get) a better salary.

(say) more slowly

II. Viết câu điều kiện loại 2 dựa vào thông tin đã cho. (Write conditional sentences type 2 basing on the information given.)

VÍ DỤ: I want to buy a car. I don’t have enough money. → If I had enough money, I would buy a car.

1. You read too fast; that’s why you miss so many words.

2. They don’t like studying, so they aren’t happy at school.

3. Why don’t you come and speak English with us? You’ll enjoy it.

4. I want to go to Britain. I will be able to speak English all day long.

5. We don’t know his number, so we can’t call him.

6. I don’t speak English fluently; that’s why I don’t have a good job.

7. We are friends, so I won’t be angry with you.

8. He can’t finish the homework on time because he’s so lazy.

9. He doesn’t practise speaking English, so he can’t pronounce the words correctly.

10. You come to class late because you leave home late.

III. Viết ra mệnh đề quan hệ trong những câu sau. (Write down the relative clause in the following sentences.)

VÍ DỤ: English is a language which is mandatory for international aviation → which is mandatory for international aviation 1. The book which you lent me is really good.

2. Cathy is the girl with whom I went on holiday last summer.

3. This is Jack whose sister is staying with us in grade nine.

4. It is a wonderful present for which I am really grateful.

5. Is there anything that you can help me to master English?

6. Last week I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t seen for years.

7. They know the reason why the world used English as the first foreign language.

8. He doesn’t look honest, but everything that he said was true.

9. Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.

10. Did you know the girl whose bag was robbed some hours ago?

IV. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu. (Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.)

1. The boy forgot the shelf a. where 2. I have a friend

he put his textbook.

b. which

c. when

spent a year at a university in England.

d. why

a. whom

b. whose

c. who

3. Raymond Murphy was an author

many students knew.

a. who

c. whose

b. whom

4. I was ill just before the exams a. which

b. when b. when

6. He’d like to know the reason a. where

b. that

7. She’s the student a. whose

d. where

my teacher handed the paper. c. why

5. They broadcast the English news a. of whom

d. which

d. where

foreigners update information. c. by whose

d. from which

I became better at English. c. when

d. why

handwriting is the best in my class. b. who

c. whom

d. of whom

8. Kelly is interested in any school

teaches her subjects in English.

a. where

c. that

b. which

9. Do you remember the room a. in which

b. which

10. I don’t know the man a. who

b. where

d. who

you took the test last semester? c. when

d. from where

I was talking at that time. c. when

d. to whom

V. Viết lại thành một câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ trong ngoặc. (Rewrite the sentences to make one sentence using the relative pronoun in brackets.)

VÍ DỤ: I moved to a new school. English is taught by native teachers there. → I moved to a new school where English is taught by native teachers.

1. My mother met a woman. Her son studies in my class, (whose) 2. I saw a boy. He was wearing our football club’s uniform, (who) 3. I love Da Nang city. I lived there as a child, (where) 4. My friends will start training soon. They were selected for the team, (who) 5. This is the motorbike key. I’ve been looking for them all the morning, (which) 6. That’s my cousin. He is going to study abroad, (who) 7. My brother left school last summer. He graduated from college at that time, (when) 8. I have ever read that book. It’s the most interesting book, (that) 9. My aunt has two children. She loves them very much, (whom)

10. This is the laptop. My brother has just bought it. (which)

UNIT 10: SPACE TRAVEL (DU HÀNH KHÔNG GIAN) NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Ôn tập thì quá khứ đơn và thì quá khứ hoàn thành 1. Thì quá khứ đơn (Past simple) a. Công thức Thể khẳng định S + was/was + ...

S + V-ed/V2 + ...

VÍ DỤ: Brian was at the astronomy museum last Sunday.

(Brian đã ở bảo tàng thiên văn Chủ nhật trước.)

Dennis Tito became the first space tourist in 2001.

(Dennis Tito trở thành hành khách không gian đầu tiên vào năm 2001.)

Thể phủ định S + was/were not + ...

S + did not + V (nguyên thể) + ..

VÍ DỤ: I didn’t learn about stars or planets last year.

(Tôi đã không học về các ngôi sao hoặc các hành tinh năm qua.)

Thể nghi vấn Was/ were + S + ...?

Did + S + V (nguyên thể) + ...?

Trả lời: Yes, S + was/were.

Yes, S + did.

No, S + was/were not.

No, S + did not.

VÍ DỤ: Was Yuri Gagarin the first man to orbit the Earth?

(Có phải Yuri Gagarin là người đầu tiên bay quanh Trái Đất?)

Yes, he was. (Vâng, đúng vậy.) b. Cách sử dụng - Diễn tả một hành động diễn ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể hoặc một khoảng thời gian trong quá khứ và đã kết thúc hoàn toàn ở hiện tại.

VÍ DỤ: Apollo spaceships explored the Moon between 1969 and 1972.

(Tàu vũ trụ Apollo đã khám phá Mặt Trăng từ năm 1969 đến năm 1972.)

- Diễn tả một hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ và hiện tại không còn nữa.

When Daniel was young, he often read science-fiction book.

(Khi Daniel còn nhỏ, bạn ấy thường đọc sách khoa học viễn tưởng.)

- Diễn đạt các hành động xảy ra liên tiếp trong quá khứ.

VÍ DỤ: Last night I came home, had dinner, and read an article about astronomy.

(Tối qua tôi về nhà, ăn tối và xem một bài báo về thiên văn.)

- Diễn tả một hành động xen vào một hành động khác đang xảy ra trong quá khứ.

VÍ DỤ: I was watching for spaceship launching on T.V when you called.

(Tôi đang xem phóng tàu vũ trụ trên ti vi khi bạn gọi.)

- Dùng trong mệnh đề if trong câu điều kiện loại 2.

VÍ DỤ: If I had a spaceship, I would visit the Moon.

(Nếu tôi có một con tàu không gian thì tôi sẽ thăm Mặt Trăng.) c. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ đơn Trong câu sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn thường có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian trong quá khứ.

VÍ DỤ: - yesterday (hôm qua) - last night/ last week/ last month/ last year (tối qua/ tuần trước/ tháng trước/ năm ngoái) - ago (cách đây): two hours ago (cách đây hai giờ), two weeks ago (cách đây hai ngày) - in the past (trong quá khứ) - in 2001 (trong năm 2001) 2. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect) a. Công thức - Thể khẳng định S + had + V-ed/V3 + ...

VÍ DỤ: In the film, the alien landed on Earth 1,000 years after it had been abandoned by humankind.

(Trong phim, người ngoài hành tinh đã hạ cánh xuống Trái Đất 1.000 năm sau khi nó bị loài người bỏ rơi.)

- Thể phủ định S + had not + V-ed/V3 + ...

VÍ DỤ: He hadn’t taken all the required courses before he worked to pay for the tuition.

(Anh ấy đã không tham gia tất cả các khóa học cần thiết trước khi làm việc để trả tiền học phí.)

- Thể nghi vấn Had + S + V-ed/V3 + ...?

Trả lời: Yes, S + had. / No, S + hadn’t.

VÍ DỤ: Had John Young been into space four times by the time he joined space shuttle?

(Có phải John Young đã du hành vũ trụ bốn lần khi anh tham gia tàu con thoi?)

Yes, he had.

(Vâng, đúng vậy.) b. Cách sử dụng - Dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ. Hành động hoàn thành trước được chia theo thì quá khứ hoàn thành và hành động xảy ra sau được chia theo thì quá khứ đơn.

VÍ DỤ: When people first launched a spaceship, they had already launched several satellites.

(Khi con người lần đầu tiên phóng tàu vũ trụ thì họ đã phóng một số vệ tinh.)

- Dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.

VÍ DỤ: I had done all homework before watching the film at 7:00 p.m last night.

(Tôi đã làm tất cả bài tập về nhà trước khi xem phim lúc 7:00 tối qua.) c. Dấu hiệu nhận biết (Signal words) Trong câu có các từ: - when (khi) VÍ DỤ: When astronauts returned to Earth in June 2018, they had been in space for 6 months.

(Khi các phi hành gia trở lại Trái Đất vào tháng 6 năm 2018 thì họ đã ở trong vũ trụ 6 tháng.)

- before (trước khi) Trước before sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành và sau before sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn.

VÍ DỤ: Several animals had been launched into space before humans went into it.

(Một số động vật đã được phóng lên vũ trụ trước khi con người đến đó.)

- after (sau khi) Trước after sử dụng thì quá khứ đơn và sau after sử dụng thì quá khứ hoàn thành.

VÍ DỤ: After Maya had sailed to Philadelphia, she travelled to New York City by train.

(Sau khi Maya đi thuyền tới Philadelphia, cô đi tàu hoả đến New York.)

- by the time (vào thời điểm) Ví DỤ: By the time Soyuz crew returned to Earth, they had spent 197 days in space.

(Vào thời điểm phi hành đoàn Soyuz trở lại Trái đất, họ đã trải qua 197 ngày trên vũ trụ.)

II. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (Defining relative clause) - Là mệnh đề quan hệ được dùng để xác định danh từ đứng trước nó. Không có mệnh đề quan hệ xác định thì câu sẽ không đủ nghĩa. Không có dấu phẩy ngăn cách giữa mệnh đề với danh từ. Các đại từ quan hệ được sử dụng trong mệnh đề xác định là who, whom, whose, which, where, when và that.

VÍ DỤ: Mir was the space station which operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2001.

(Mir là trạm không gian hoạt động trên quỹ đạo thấp của Trái Đất từ năm 1986 đến 2001.)

- Trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định, có thể bỏ các đại từ quan hệ khi nó là túc từ của động từ.

VÍ DỤ: The science book that I ordered was very expensive. → The science book I ordered was very expensive.

(Cuốn sách khoa học mà tôi đặt mua rất đắt.)

B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo thì quá khứ đơn hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành. (Supply the correct form of the verbs in the past simple or the past perfect.)

1. In 1961, Yuri Gagarin

(be) the first man in space.

2. He restarted from the point where he 3.Scientists

(leave) the previous day.

(plan) a manned station on the moon before it was cancelled.

4. Scott Kelly

(live) on the space station for about five months in 2010.

5. Before September 2017, Space X

(start) building launch vehicle components.

6. When the picture was taken, Challenger 7. If you

(go) to Mars, you’d need to be able to survive an extremely hard condition.

8. The first human activity in space 9. People

(already, descend) to the Moon’s surface. (bring) a profound impact on the social.

(want) to travel to Mars after they

10. What would happen if we

(reach) the Moon.

(have) reverse gravity on Earth?

II. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất theo thì quá khứ đơn hoặc thì quá khứ hoàn thành. (Choose the best answer in the past simple or the past perfect.)

1. Before they

the system, they

for it for a very long time.

a. started - had prepared

b. had started - prepared

c. started – prepared

d. had started - had prepared

2. When the human race

into space, it

the glorious moment.

a. ventured - had been

b. ventured - was

c. had ventured - had been

d. had ventured - was

3. There

many films about space travel before it

real.

a. had been - had become

b. were – became

c. were - had become

d. had been – became

4. Several months since Michael

into the Richards’ house.

a. passed - had moved b.

b. had passed - had moved

c. had passed - moved d.

d. passed - moved

5. If you

in space for a month, what foods

the most?

a. lived - will you miss

b. had lived - would you miss

c. lived - would you miss

d. lived - had you missed

6. When he a. saw - had studied

the call for new astronauts, Matthias

in five countries.

b. had seen - had studied

c. saw - studied

d. had seen - studied

7. In the 1980s, satellite communications

to carry television programs.

a. has expanded

b. expanded

c. had expanded

d. expand

8. Before the three astronauts

online, they

a full orbit of Earth.

a. came - completed

b. came - had completed

c. had come - completed

d. had come - had completed

9. In the 20th century, there a. was

b. had been

10. Valentina Tereshkova

many investigations into interplanetary travel. c. been

d. were

the first woman in space in 1963.

a. was become

b. had become

c. became

d. was becoming

III. Viết ra mệnh đề quan hệ trong những câu sau. (Write down the relative clause in the following sentences.)

VÍ DỤ: English is a language which is mandatory for international aviation. → which is mandatory for international aviation 1. The people who travelled into space had very good health.

2. The first animals that people launched into outer space on Feb. 20, 1947 were fruit flies.

3. Rockets advanced to the point at which they could accelerate objects far away the Earth.

4. We will stand at the place which is not far from the launching site.

5. The New Horizons space craft that was launched in 2006 took 13 months to get to Jupiter.

6. Have you known about the spacesuit every astronaut must wear in space?

7. The first living being that people sent to the Earth’s orbit was the Russian dog Laika.

8. Among many animals which have been sent to space, only the French have sent a cat.

9. Apollo was the furthest and fastest spaceship that humankind had ever travelled.

10. The film about future life we saw last Sunday was really interesting.

IV. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu. (Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.)

1. Sally Ride was the first American woman a. who

b. whom

c. whose

2. What is the name of the space ship a. which

b. when

3. David is the guy a. who 4. Kristina a. whom

b. that

8. She is the student a. of whom

b. whose

d. whose

c. who

d. that

swallows everything close to it.

b. where b. from that

c. who

d. which

the first human travelled into space. c. when

d. on which

many experiments were done.

b. of which

c. where

d. which

won a scholarship to study at Harvard university. b. whose

9. Skylab was the space station a. where

c. on which d. where

brother is a pilot wants to become an astronomer.

7. That is the space station a. when

landed on the moon in 1969?

c. whom

6. My father was born in 1961 a. at where

d. that

car is parked in front of your door.

5. A black hole is something a. that

travelled into space.

b. which

c. whom

d. who

was operated by the United States. c. at which

d. where

10. I always get on with the people

love discovering the wildlife,

a. who

c. to whom

b. for that

d. whom

V. Viết lại thành một câu sử dụng đại từ đề quan hệ trong ngoặc. (Rewrite the sentences to make one sentence using the relative pronoun in brackets.)

VÍ DỤ: I moved to a new school. English is taught by native teachers there. → I moved to a new school where English is taught by native teachers.

1. Yuri Gagarin was the third of four children. He made space travel come true, (who) 2. My grandparents still live in the village. My father was born there, (where) 3. Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into the Earth orbit on October 4, 1957. (which) 4. Neil Armstrong was an American astronaut. He became the first human to walk on the Moon, (who) 5. Astronomers are highly educated individuals. They typically have a Ph. D degree, (who) 6. Some private companies in space travel have developed recently. They make way for commercial space travel, (that)

7. Black hole is a place in space. Matter and light cannot escape if they fall in there, (where) 8. Newton discovered the laws of gravity and motion. His father had died before he was born, (whose) 9. Apollo 11 was a NASA’s spaceship. It first put people on the moon in July 1969. (which) 10. That is an astronomy museum. It lies in the center of the city, (which)

UNIT 11 CHANGING ROLES IN SOCIETY (THAY ĐỔI VAI TRÒ TRONG XÃ HỘI) A. NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Ôn tập câu bị động ở thì tương lai đơn (Future simple passive) - Dạng chủ động của thì tương lai đơn ở thể khẳng định: S + will + V (nguyên thể) VÍ DỤ: Teenagers will participate in important decisions of their life.

(Thanh thiếu niên sẽ tham gia vào các quyết định quan trọng của cuộc sống của họ.)

- Dạng bị động của thì tương lai đơn ở thể khẳng định: S + will be + past participle VÍ DỤ: All the information you need will be provided tomorrow.

(Tất cả các thông tin bạn cần sẽ được cung cấp vào ngày mai.)

- Ở thể phủ định thì thêm not vào sau will và thể nghi vấn thì đưa will ra trước chủ từ subject.

VÍ DỤ: Schools will evaluate students through exams and other activities.

(Nhà trường sẽ đánh giá học sinh qua các kì thi và các hoạt động khác.)

Will students be evaluated through exams and other activities?

(Học sinh sẽ được đánh giá thông qua các kì thi và các hoạt động khác phải không?)

II. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (Non-defining relative clause) - Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định là mệnh đề bổ sung thêm thông tin cho danh từ đứng trước nó. Nó luôn được tách với phần còn lại của câu bởi dấu phẩy.

- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định có thể được lược bỏ mà cấu trúc câu vẫn đúng và có đầy đủ ý nghĩa của một câu.

VÍ DỤ: Modern fathers, who may stay at home to take care of children, will not necessarily the breadwinner of the family.

(Người cha hiện đại, người mà có thể ở nhà chăm lo cho con cái, sẽ không nhất thiết phải là người kiếm tiền trong gia đình.) → Modern fathers will not necessarily the breadwinner of the family.

(Người cha hiện đại sẽ không nhất thiết phải là người kiếm tiền trong gia đình.)

- Trong câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thì không được thay thế các đại từ quan hệ bằng that.

B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Chọn dạng tương lai chủ động hoặc bị động để hoàn thành câu. (Choose the future active or passive to complete the sentences.)

1. The government a. will be applied

the new laws equally to both men and women. b. will apply

2. I bet your family

glad to see you when you get back.

a. will feel

b. will be felt

3. I’m afraid my friends

at me because I don’t understand.

a. will laugh

b. will be laughed

4. All children

to suffer from separation from their parents and siblings.

a. will be tended

b. will tend

5. More women

in order to compensate for discrimmation in the past.

a. will be promoted 6. Women

b. will promote , including the rights to reproductive autonomy.

a. will eventually honour 7. Over fifty children

b. will eventually be honoured in the swimming champion¬ ships.

a. will be competed 8. Their kids

b. will compete home to see them regularly when they are old.

a. will be come

b. will come

9. People believe that self-study a. will be valued 10. Our society a. will always need

in the upcoming decade. b. will value

the kindness to peacefully exist. b. will always be needed

II. Chuyển câu sang thể bị động. (Change the sentences into passive voice.)

1. Modern husbands will make their family better than it used to be.

2. She hopes they will provide her children with a good education program.

3. The charities or public bodies will employ more women.

4. People will remove children from their parents only in extreme circum-stances.

5. Any society in the world will need educational infrastructures.

6. Most kids in the world will eat ice cream without hesitation.

7. The judge will require the marriage certificate as an evidence.

8. Women will take part in the jobs that have been dominated by men.

9. Both the husband and the wife will equally determine family life.

10. His son will find a good job after he leaves university.

III. Viết lại câu bằng cách thêm dấu phẩy ở những chỗ cần thiết. (Rewrite the sentences using a comma where necessary.)

VÍ DỤ: The 6.00 bus which I often take to school was late this morning. → The 6.00 bus, which I often take to school, was late this morning.

1. That pop singer whose songs have become well-known recently is my classmate.

2. This is Mr. Dorothy whose son won the world chess championship last year.

3. Sanchez whom the teacher is greeting is a new student from a boarding school.

4. Nobody stopped the cruel husband which made somebody feel frustrated.

5. Hue which is at the Huong River’s riverside is a beautiful city.

6. Amanda played the guitar all night which annoyed the neighbours.

7. Kimberly who is raising her hand is the most intelligent at school.

8. Mr. Harry whose wife died last year went on a long journey.

9. My cousin who is sweeping the floor is the same age as me.

10. Tracy’s grandpa who is 73 years old practises martial art every day.

IV. Loại bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định trong các câu sau rồi viết lại. (Remove the nondefining relative clause in the following sentences, then rewrite them.)

VÍ DỤ: The role of mothers will drastically change, which brings more benefits to children. → The role of mothers will drastically change.

1. The bus to Cho Lon station, which stops at the corner, is the 66.

2. He didn’t say thanks before he left, which was rather impolite.

3. Yesterday I met a lady, whose daughter is the most excellent student in my school.

4. The woman in black shirt, who is putting her hand on Sam’s shoulder, is a friend of his.

5. Travelling economy class, which is cheaper than first class, is often crowded.

6. The man in blue jeans, who is standing near the window, is my elder brother.

7. He doesn’t know English, which makes it difficult for him to get a job.

8. Robert, whom you sat next to in grade 9, is now a famous actor.

9. David, who is a very famous footballer, earned a lot of money last year.

10. Michelle, with whom Laura had lunch, is my cousin’s best friend.

V. Viết lại thành một câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định. (Rewrite the sentences to make one sentence using a non-defining relative clause.)

VÍ DỤ: The town hasn’t got any parks. People can go and relax there. → The town hasn’t got any parks where people can go and relax.

1. Mr. Thanh is a good teacher. I don’t like Mr. Thanh very much.

2. Lindsey is an interesting girl. Her father is the headmaster of this school.

3. My school was built in 1997. The school has about 900 students.

4. Our new friends are coming to visit next week. They met us at the library.

5. That building was well conserved. They hold the meeting about women rights there.

6. Her eldest girl has become a pretty woman. I met her by chance.

7. She wanted to go out for a meal on Sunday. It was her birthday.

8. Some students didn’t get good marks. They only study the day before the exam.

9. His latest book is about women’s changing role. It has become a bestseller.

10. Today is an unforgettable day. Students get their degree on this day.

UNIT 12 MY FUTURE CAREER (NGHỀ NGHIỆP TƯƠNG LAI CỦA TÔI) NGỮ PHÁP (GRAMMAR) I. Ôn tập despite/in spite of Despite/ in spite of (diù) được dùng để diễn tả sự tương phản giữa hai thông tin về chủ thể hành động trong cùng một câu. Sau despite và in spite of là một danh từ, cụm danh từ hoặc dạng động từ thêm -ing (V-ing).

VÍ DỤ: Despite her young age, she was promoted to a manager position.

(Mặc dù tuổi còn trẻ nhưng cô ấy đã được đề bạt vào vị trí quản lí.)

II. Các cấu trúc verb + to-infinitive và verb + V-ing 1. Verb + to-infinitive - Các động từ dưới đây thường được theo sau bởi động từ ở dạng to-infinitive. afford (đủ khả năng), agree (đồng ý), appear (xuất hiện), ask (hỏi), decide (quyết định), demand (nhu cầu), encourage (khuyến khích), expect (trông đợi, đoán trước), fail (thất bại), force (bắt buộc), hesitate (do dự), intend (có ý định), invite (mời), hope (hy vọng), learn (học), manage (quản lí), order (ra lệnh), persuade (thuyết phục), plan (lên kế hoạch), refuse (từ chối), pretend (giả vờ), promise (hứa), remind (nhắc lại), seem (có vẻ), tell (nói, kể), tend (có xu hướng), threaten (đe dọa), urge (thúc giục), want (muốn), wish (ao ước)...

VÍ DỤ: She agreed to work as a receptionist.

(Cô ấy đã đồng ý làm việc như một nhân viên tiếp tân.)

2. Verb + V-ing - Các động từ dưới đây thường được theo sau bởi động từ ở dạng V-ing. admit (thừa nhận), appreciate (đánh giá cao), avoid (tránh né), consider (xem xét), delay (trì hoãn), deny (phủ nhận), finish (hoàn thành), imagine (tưởng tượng), keep (giữ, tiếp tục), mind (phiền, quan tâm), mention (đề cập), miss (bỏ lỡ), postpone (trì hoãn), practice (thực hành), risk (mạo hiểm), suggest (đề nghị)...

VÍ DỤ: I don’t mind sending daily report to the team leader.

(Tôi không phiền khi gửi báo cáo hằng ngày cho trưởng nhóm.)

3. Các động từ đi với cả to-infinitive và V-ing nhưng có nghĩa khác nhau - Các động từ remember (nhớ), forget (quên), regret (nuối tiếc) dùng ở dạng V-ing nghĩa là việc đã xảy ra rồi. Ngược lại, nếu dùng với to-infinitive thì sự việc chưa xảy ra.

VÍ DỤ: I remember reading this job advertisement before.

(Tôi nhớ là đã đọc bài tuyển dụng này trước đây.)

Remember to check your mailbox regularly!

(Nhớ kiểm tra hộp thư thường xuyên!)

- Động từ stop ở dạng V-ing nghĩa là dừng làm việc gì đó. Ngược lại, với to-infinitive là dừng lại để làm việc khác.

VÍ DỤ: We stopped talking when the manager came in.

(Chúng tôi dừng nói chuyện khi người quản lí bước vào.)

I stopped to talk to the manager.

(Tôi dừng lại để nói chuyện với người quản lí.)

- Động từ try dùng ở dạng V-ing nghĩa là thử làm gì đó. Ngược lại, với to-infinitive nghĩa là cố gắng.

VÍ DỤ: I tried printing the current page, but the printer didn’t respond.

(Tôi đã thử in trang hiện tại nhưng máy in không phản hồi gì.)

He tried to finish the work before deadline, but he failed.

(Anh ấy cố gắng hoàn thành công việc trước thời hạn nhưng đã thất bại.)

4. Các động từ đi với cả to-infinive và V-ing nhưng có nghĩa không thay đổi - Đó là các động từ như start, begin, continue, love, like, prefer, hate...

VÍ DỤ: Kathy began to work as a nurse six months ago.

(Kathy bắt đầu làm việc như một y tá cách đây sáu tháng.)

B. BÀI TẬP (EXERCISES) I. Viết lại câu sao cho có nghĩa tương đương với câu đã cho. (Rewrite the sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.)

1. Although the salary is low, I decide to take the job.

In spite of 2. Jane had a headache, but she still searched for job advertisement until late.

Despite 3. It is hot, but the workers are working hard in the construction site.

In spite of 4. He didn’t get the job although he passed the test with top result.

Despite 5. We were tired; however, we went on working to finish the task.

In spite of 6. Though he was lack of experience, he became a successful businessman.

Despite 7. The project had many the difficulties, but it finished on time.

In spite of 8. Bob doesn’t know what to do although he has worked for the company for three months.

Despite 9. Although the factory used sophisticated technology, it didn’t produce much.

In spite of

10. It rained heavily, but I managed to go to work on time yesterday.

Despite II. Ghép phần đầu và phần kết thúc để có câu hoàn chỉnh. (Match the beginning to the ending to make a complete sentence.)

1. In spite of studying hard,

a. we arrived at the airport in time.

2. Despite his wish to become an actor

b. he doesn’t want to be a professional player.

3. In spite of the high traffic

c. they remain the best friends.

4. In spite of her qualified degrees

d. she thinks she won’t pass the exam.

5. Despite loving football

e. in spite of her honest apology.

6. Olivia didn’t get a promotion

f. he decided to follow business career.

7. Despite her greatest searching efforts

g. Nick decided to travel alone to the island.

8. In spite of their disagreement

h. she remains unemployed.

9. She wasn’t forgiven for the fault

i. she could not find the key.

10. In spite of the risks

j. in spite of her qualifications.

III. Chọn đáp án đúng. (Choose the correct answer.)

1. Anna decided

a cover letter along with the resume.

a. sending

b. to send

2. As long as you keep

, dreams can come true.

a. doing

b. to do

3. The truth is that they can’t afford

all the staff.

a. to keep

b. keeping

4. His accountant has denied

improper use of company money.

a. to make 5. She has avoided

b. making my question about her personal matter.

a. to answer 6. They refuse

b. answering further into any discussion on this matter.

a. to go 7. People tend

b. going hard when they are older than thirty.

a. working 8.If you risk

b. to work too far, you may find out how far you can go.

a. going 9. Kevin stopped

b. to go a comic book from a news stand.

a. to buy 10. The nutritionist suggested a. to eat

b. buying less sugar and salt. b. eating

IV. Chọn phương án đúng. (Choose the correct option.)

1. We missed (to see/ seeing) the glorious sunrise this morning.

2. He failed (to prove/ proving) his ability for the job and missed the chance.

3. My consultant suggested (using/ to use) online advertisement to raise the sales.

4. You can’t expect (learning/ to learn) a foreign language in a few months.

5. Please do not hesitate (to contact/ contacting) US if you have any questions.

6. Charlotte admitted (to steal/ stealing) the money from her employers.

7. Isabella likes (staying/ to stay) at work a little late every day.

8. Many of these ideas appear (to be/ being) in conflict with each other.

9. I remember (meeting/ to meet) you one evening at the airport.

10. I want (inserting/ to insert) an advertisement into their newspaper.

V. Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng verb + to-infinitive hoặc verb + V-ing.

(Complete the sentences using to-infinitive or verb + V-ing for the verb in brackets.)

1. I don’t mind

(hear) criticisms and suggestions.

2. Remember

(turn) out the lights before you go to bed.

3. He didn’t remember 4. She stopped 5. He tried

(put) the keys there. (teach) last month to have a baby.

(explain) to her, but she walked away quickly.

6. Did you remember 7. I tried

(shut) off the gas before you left the house?

(press) the red button, but it didn’t work.

8. I’ve had to tighten my belt since I stopped 9. When you borrow the books, remember 10. The school bus stopped

(work) full-time. (return) them.

(take) up pupils.

PRACTISE TEST 1 (UNITS 1, 2, 3) I. Viết lại các câu thành một câu phức, sử dụng từ trong ngoặc. (Rewrite the sentences to make a complex sentence, using the word in brackets.)

1. The bell rang. Everyone raced out of the classrooms, (when) 2. I had to go back to my room. I forgot my wallet, (because) 3. We moved to the front row. We could see better, (in order that) 4. Dad drives Mum to the bus station. He’s going to buy us a pizza, (after) 5. Our team didn’t score any goal yesterday. We win the game anyway, (although) 6. I’ve reorganized my files. I can easily find what I’m looking for. (so that) 7. He saw me at the arrival gate. He smiled and waved at me. (when) 8. Ice cream is Anna’s favourite dessert. She refused to eat it. (even though) 9. Our mother went shopping. At the same time, we played video games, (while) 10. Jonathan spent his class time reading comic books. His final exam was bad. (since)

II. Ghép phần mở đầu với phần kết thúc phù hợp để tạo thành câu hoàn chinh. (Match the beginnings to the appropriate endings to make full sentences.)

1. It’s cold outside, so you should put

a. We shared the point of view and we got

2. Why do you put

b. after his mother.

3. I like this song. Can you turn

c. I don’t feel very well. I think I’m coming

4.

d. on something warmer.

on with each other really well.

5. He looks very similar to his father, whereas his sister takes

e. The guard told the man to put

6. out his cigarette because it was a nonsmoking area.

f. off the TV and go to sleep.

7. I was tidying up in my cabinet when I came

g. off my shoes?

h. up the sound a bit?

8. Why do you always stay up late?

Turn 9.

down with fever.

h. off what you can do today?

10. Would you mind if I take

i. across my old photographs.

III. Hoàn thành câu với dạng so sánh đúng của các từ trong ngoặc. (Complete the sentences with the correct comparison form of the words in brackets.)

1. She greeted me 2. He worked

(polite) of all. (hard) than ever before.

3. TV programs aren’t as

(interest) as they used to be.

4. Bowie doesn’t dress as

(warm) as her mother does.

5. They arrived at the camp site

(late) than I expected.

6. Of the three, Terry is the man standing 7. I speak English 8. This is

(near) to the door.

(fluent) now than last year. (bad) drink that I have ever drunk.

9. David didn’t enjoy the film as 10. It was Michael who ran

(much) as Rosy. (fast) of all.

IV. Viết lại các câu theo lời nói gián tiếp. (Rewrite the sentences in indirect speech.)

1. “I saw Martha in the supermarket yesterday,” Lily said.

2. She asked the salesgirl, “How much does this shirt cost?”

3. My sister said, “I won’t talk to your friend about your secret.”

4. “I want your homework handed in by tomorrow morning,” he said to US. 5. Michael said to me, “can’t go out with you because I am not feeling well.”

6. My mother asked, “Has anybody called while I was out?”

7. Daniel said, “I have lived in this city all my life.”

8. The foreigner asked me, “Could you tell me the way to the airport?”

9. I said to my father, “I want to study medicine at university.”

10. She asked the doctor, “How can you overcome stress and feel glad?”

V. Hoàn thành câu bằng việc sử dụng cấu trúc từ hỏi + động từ nguyên mẫu có to với các động từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences using question word + to-infinitive for the verbs given.)

1. Do you know

ride

stop

call

fasten

apply

believe

go

do

buy

paint

your seat belt?

2. He tells lies sometime. I don’t know 3. He said that he didn’t know

him or not. criticizing others.

4. Our teacher has the maps and she will show us 5. The dresses are so nice! I can’t decide 6. We are in agreement on

. one

colour

.

the house.

7. Karen couldn’t make up her mind

for membership or not.

8. We must come to a decision about

next by tomorrow.

9. Do you mean to say you don’t know 10. They are wondering

a bicycle?

in case of an emergency.

VI. Đọc đoạn văn và chọn đáp án đúng nhất để điền vào chỗ trống. (Read the text and choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.)

The rain had just stopped. I went (1) into the garden. Then I heard a soft mewing. I saw a little white kitten. It was so thin that its bones were showing. It was wet and shivering. I brought it (2) the house and dried it. My brother came (3) . “Do you know who this kitten belongs (4) ?” I asked him.

I warmed (5) some milk and gave it to the kitten but it would not drink the milk. “I wonder if I should give it back (6) its mother,” I said. “Yes, you’d better do that,” said my brother.

My brother and I carried the kitten (7) of the house. We heard loud mewing. It was the mother cat. I put (8) the kitten. It mewed loudly but stayed still. The mother cat ran quickly to the little kitten. It started licking the kitten all (9) . The kitten kept mewing loudly. “Do you think it’s telling its mother (10) me?” I asked my brother.

1. a. on

b. out

c. up

d. off

2. a. into

b. onto

c. out

d. in

3. a. up

b. on

c. to

d. in

4. a. in

b. to

c. for

d. of

5. a. against

b. for

c. up

d. in

6. a. for

b. from

c. to

d. over

7. a. up

b. down

c. on

d. out

8. a. down

b. up

c. on

d. off

9. a. of

b. in

c. off

d. over

10. a. on

b. for

c. about

d. to

PRACTISE TEST 2 (UNITS 4, 5, 6) I. Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của used to và động từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and the verbs given below.)

1. I

play

listen

work

live

watch

wait

go

travel

like

make

by bus a lot, so I had discount tickets.

2. We

for the train to cross under the skyline at sunset.

3. Did you

your sister cry and then please her with candies?

4. My grandpa

- to the radio before the days of television.

5. We in Da Nang city but now we live in Ho Chi Minh City.

6. My brother and I

fishing or walk along the riverside near my house.

7. His wife didn’t 8. My sister 9. He

football with him but now they watch it together. with the kids next door every Sunday.

sixteen hours a day, which wasn’t so good for his health.

10. I didn’t

him much when we were at school.

II. Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. (Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.)

1. Emily wishes that the dog

(stop) barking as she’s afraid of dog.

2. The question is really difficult. I wish I 3. I wish that I

(can pass) the mid-term exams with excellent marks.

4. She wishes that she 5. I wish you

(have) a chocolate ice-cream right now. (not, be) so curious about my secrets and personal affairs.

6. He wishes that everyone

(won’t smoke) so much to protect their health.

7. We wish people in all over the world 8. Do you wish you

(live) in peace right now.

(have) someone to share your troubles with?

9. The kids wish the holidays 10. I wish I

(know) the answer.

(be) longer so they have more time to play.

(have) more money to buy all things I want.

III. Viết câu bị động khách quan với động từ trong ngoặc. (Write impersonal passive sentences using the verbs in brackets.)

VÍ DỤ: The report will suggest some major reforms, (expect) → It is expected that the report will suggest some major reforms.

1. We remember best what comes first and last in any period of reading, (know)

2. Thirty people were killed in the traffic accident last week, (report) 3. The darkest hour of the night comes just before the dawn, (say) 4. An elephant was seen destroying a corn farm in their village, (report) 5. The job at the local resorts will be filled by local candidates, (hope) 6. Laziness can bring failure and hard work can bring success, (understand) 7. This new method of production will have other advantages, (expect) 8. Humour not only affects patients’ moods, but also help them recover faster, (claim) 9. The course will open up new opportunities for students, (hope) 10. He had read that comic for more than ten times before he lost it. (say)

IV. Chọn phương án đúng. (Choose the correct option.)

1. Bella suggested (to ask/ asking) the clerk at the information desk.

2. I suggest that you (thinking/ think) carefully before judging anyone.

3. She suggested that I ('d better/ should) focus on one thing every time.

4. We suggest that he (consult/ consults) his doctor for further advice.

5. This steak is very good. I suggest that you (trying/ should try) it.

6. The cook suggested (taking/ should take) brown rice with vegetables, beans and fish.

7. He suggested (considering/ consider) the matter further before taking any action.

8. When her mother suggested that she (stays/ stay), Grace willingly agreed.

9. It was suggested that he (is/ be) the chairman of the company.

10. Charles suggested that we (go/ going) to a cinema, and we all agreed.

V. Chia dạng đúng của động từ theo thì quá khứ hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ đơn. (Supply the correct form of the verbs in the past perfect or past simple.)

1. My parents 2. Amelia 3. I

(tell) them about the accident.

(not, remember) Reeve visit because he (inform) the police even before the doorbell

4. Her heart 5. She 6. The salesgirl 7. Kelly

(be) rather annoyed after I

(stop), but the doctors

(not, come) before. (ring).

(revive) her some seconds later.

(return) the book to the library after she

(take) it by mistake.

(convince) her new customers with what she (learn). (skip) breakfast and then she

(have) a stomachache at school.

8. We

(already, fasten) the seatbelt when the flight attendant

9. He

(not, think) of going on a picnic before she

10. I

(already, eat) my dinner by the time you

(give) the demonstration.

(suggest) it. (come).

VI. Hoàn thành câu với tính từ được cho bên dưởi. (Complete the sentences using the adjectives given below.) pleased

convinced

sorry

confident

surprised

brave

relieved

uncertain

conscious

necessary

1. It was

of her to go into the burning building.

2. I agree, but I’m still not 3. She was vaguely

that it is the best solution. that someone was watching her.

4. Is it

for me to be present at the meeting this afternoon?

5. I’m

to say that the project’s funding has been cancelled.

6. We bought the table and were

to find it was perfect for our kitchen.

7. Although they say that we will fail, I am

that we will succeed.

8. It is very

of you to take me to the airport.

9. We were

to hear that she was out of danger.

10. I was

to see how much better she was looking.

VIII. Viết lại các câu bằng cách dùng cấu trúc S + be + adjective + that-clause. (Rewrite the sentences using S + be + adjective + that-clause.)

VÍ DỤ: You could visit us. I’m so happy about that. → I am so happy that you could visit us.

1. The local school is kept open. The villagers are anxious about that.

2. Your kids could come home for Tet. We’re really glad.

3. His friends would laugh at him. He was afraid of that.

4. So many of her paintings have been lost. She is sad.

5. I was nearly thrown to the windstorm yesterday. It was frightened.

6. They couldn’t see my point of view. I was surprised at that.

7. He had committed an offence. He was not aware of that.

8. The problems have been resolved. We are pleased with that.

9. I brought to you so much trouble. I am ashamed of that.

10. His son was not athletic. He was a little disappointed.

PRACTISE TEST 3 (UNITS 7, 8, 9) I. Điền vào chỗ trống với mạo từ a, an, some hoặc any. (Fill in the blank with a, an, some or any.)

1. I recommend

jar of honey for this big Sticky Chicken dish.

2. The menu doesn’t show

information in English.

3. The logo of that food company looks like the leaves of 4.

onion plant.

aluminum is dissolved into food from cookware having this element.

5. I was only ill once and that came of eating

unripe pear.

6. People know that

overripe fruit will eventually fall off the tree.

7. Can you classify

honeydew melon and watermelon?

8. More than 100 blossoms opened

apricot tree near my class room.

9. A great stew can be made with

combination of meat and vegetables.

10. I usually add shrimps and whisk

eggs into my omelette.

II. Hoàn thành câu với từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences with the words given below.)

1. A

tin

bowl

cup

dozen

piece

pinch

bottle

kilo

slice

bar

of herbs will add flavor to any dish.

2. At lunchtime I never eat more than a

of chocolate.

3. She stewed the tea and rolled the lid off a 4. I just want a sizzling beef and a 5. He bought a

of meat. of rice.

of apples and a bunch of grapes.

6. The cook frosted the cake with half a 7. You can have a

of eggs.

of cake after you’ve eaten the vegetables!

8. He always brings a

of wine when he comes to dinner.

9. The cook arranged a

of cucumber on a serving platter.

10. Shall we go and have a

of coffee?

III. Điền vào khoảng trống với a, an, the hoặc không dùng mạo từ (zero article). (Fill in the blanks with a, an, the or zero article.)

1. The kids are sitting at 2. Have you found 3. I like drinking 4. Are you going to

table having job after leaving

breakfast. university?

orange juice because it’s delicious and healthy. beach this Saturday afternoon?

5. My mother is

fan of Martin Yan,

6. Studying for 7. I was at

famous cook.

MBA would be

ticket to

success.

train station when you phoned me.

8. Smith used to live in 9. He didn’t get

one-room apartment. invitation of

10. Are you at home now or on

cooking contest last week. way?

IV. Mỗi câu sau có một lỗi. Tìm và sửa lại cho đúng. (There is one mistake in each sentence. Find and correct it.)

1. If you add more sugar to the soup, I wouldn’t eat it.

2. I will go shopping on the way home if I had time.

3. If it stopped raining, we will go out and walk for a while.

4. What will you do if you were allergic to some kinds of food?

5. We shouldn’t save the hotel’s phone number in case we need to cancel the reservation.

6. If it’s a nice day tomorrow, we have a picnic in the national park.

7. She might be late for the departure if she kept changing her clothes.

8. If you don’t study English, what language you will choose?

9. I will visit the Big Ben if I will go to London.

10. If you be hungry, you can eat an apple.

V. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu điều kiện loại 2. (Choose the best answer to complete the conditional sentences type 2.)

1. If he had the book, he a. may 2. Ronald a. helped

b. can

lend it to me. c. will

d. might

US review the lesson if he came early. b. can help

c. could help

d. helps

3. If they went to the theatre, a. can

they invite you?

b. could

c. will

4. Jake and Emma would send a text message if they a. will be 5. He

b. were

d. would late.

c. are

read that book if he didn’t have to.

a. didn’t

b. doesn’t

c. won’t

6. If you listened carefully, you

b. would understand

c. may understand

d. understood

7. If she a. lives 8. Gary

in London, I wouldn’t see her very often. b. could live

c. lived

b. felt

c. feels

d. could feel your present, what would you do? b. likes

10. If I had some money, I a. bought

d. would live

so tired if he went to bed earlier.

a. wouldn’t feel

a. didn’t like

d. wouldn’t

the lecture easily.

a. can understand

9.If she

d. be

c. liked

d. mightn’t like

that book.

b. will buy

c. would buy

d. can buy

VI. Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ. (Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.)

VÍ DỤ: She cooked apple pie. I like it very much. → She cooked apple pie which I like very much.

1. There’s one student. His name hasn't been called yet.

2. This is the most delicious dish. I’ve ever tried it.

3. I don't remember the date. We first met on that day.

4. He was late. Do you know the reason?

5. They are talking about the foreigner. He is from Sydney.

6. He referred to the tour. It was organized by our agency.

7. That restaurant closed at 3 pm. It was quite surprising.

8. Mr. Thompson is the first person. I usually ask him for advice.

9. I apply for the reservationist position. Its mandatory language is English.

10. The waitress was impolite and impatient. She served us.

PRACTISE TEST 4 (UNITS 10, 11, 12) I. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất. (Choose the best answer.)

1. We had already eaten, dinner when Janies a. came

b. comes

2. I guess I

home. c. had come

d. has come

the bus to save money for school fee.

a. rode

b. will be ridden

3. He returned the book when he a. finishes

c. ride

d. will ride

reading it.

b. had finished

4. Don’t worry! The supplies

c. finished

d. will finish

in your car very soon.

a. will carry

b. had carried

c. will be carried

d. carried

5. When Joe

to the airport he

that he’d forgotten his passport.

a. got - discovered

b. got - had discovered

c. gets - discovered

d. had gotten - discovered

6. The salad

by the chef before being served.

a. will toss

b. will be tossed

7. As soon as I

c. tosses

d. had tossed

the voice, I realized that I

the man before.

a. had heard - had met

b. heard – met

c. heard - had met

d. hear – met

8. I hope that the dinner a. cooks

by my boyfriend tonight.

b. will cook

9. When he

c. is cooked

d. will be cooked

at the party, most people had already left.

a. had arrived

b. arrives

10. Maybe my sister a. will take

c. arrived

d. has arrived

an English course in London next semester. b. takes

c. took

d. will be taken

II. Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống một đại từ quan hệ thích hợp. (Fill in each blank a relative pronoun.)

1. My sister,

you once met, is visiting us tomorrow evening.

2. She showed me a photograph of her brother, 3. Jimmy,

is a high school teacher.

I have known for seven years, is going to start a business.

4. Mr Kent, about

I tell you last night, is very interested in our project.

5. I have two brothers

are working as architects at the moment.

6. That man over there,

name I don’t remember, is an architect.

7. Last week I upgraded my computer, 8. Thank you for your email, 9. The man, 10. Your brother, to

had worked so slowly.

I was very happy to get.

hat is red, looks like a famous actor.

I spoke yesterday, was very kind.

III. Viết lại câu bằng cách thêm dấu phẩy ở những chỗ cần thiết. (Rewrite the sentences using a comma where necessary.)

VÍ DỤ: Jobs related computer which attract the young become more popular. → Jobs related computer, which attract the young, become more popular.

1. Their generator was running all night which kept us awake.

2. Those are the grocery stores that don't accept credit cards.

3. The man over there whose T-shirt is white is Jennifer’s brother.

4. The suitcase he is carrying is too heavy for him.

5. Our new stadium which holds 70,000 people will be opened soon.

6. I’ve just bought some books which I’m very interested in.

7. He’d never do anything that might get him into trouble.

8. The motorbike that was found by police belonged to my aunt.

9. They wanted to depart at 5 a.m which didn’t suit me at all.

10. English grammar which I dislike very much is good for me.

IV. Viết lại câu dùng despite/ in spite of. (Rewrite the sentences using despite/ in spite of.)

1. Jessica is ill, but she is cheerful to see us.

In spite of her 2. I couldn’t sleep last night although I was very tired.

I couldn’t 3. Even though Bill is wealthy, he doesn’t want to spend money.

Despite his 4. He’s done the bad things, but I believe in his essential goodness.

Despite the 5. We were the better team, but we lost the match.

We lost 6. The weather was bad; however, they went out for a walk.

They went 7. Though the flight tickets were expensive, we went on holiday abroad.

We went 8. She looks selfish sometimes, but she’s a great person.

She’s 9. Although their cultures are different, they immediately became friends.

Despite their 10. She is young, but she still leads an active life.

In spite of her V. Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng verb + to-infinitive hoặc verb + V-ing.

(Complete the sentences using to-infinitive or verb + V-ing for the verb in brackets.)

1. Send them your cv if you want 2. That is a good lesson for us to keep 3. He has admitted

(apply) for the job. (work) hard.

(commit) several crimes, including two robs.

4. He avoided (speak) to her after their big argument some days before.

5. We expect

(see) further improvement over the coming year.

6. Don’t hesitate

(speak) to me when you have any difficulties.

7. Bank clerks denied (provide) customers with unclear transfer.

8. Next year they hope 9. She failed 10. He suggested

(have) a bigger share of the market.

(gain) admission to the university of her choice. (go) into business on their own.

UNIT 1: LOCAL ENVIRONMENT I. Gạch chân mệnh đề phụ thuộc trong câu và cho biết đó là mệnh đề phụ thuộc chỉ nhượng bộ, mục đích, lí do hay thời gian. (Underline dependent clause in each sentence and say whether it is the dependent clause of concession, purpose, reason, or time.)

1. She practiced making conical hat until she could make it perfectly. (dependent clause of time) 2. After I graduate from university. I want to work for a local company. (dependent clause of time) 3. He repeated the instructions slowly in order that his staff could understand. (dependent clause of purpose) 4. They decided to promote for pottery even though it takes much time and money. (dependent clause of concession) 5. He reorganized his pottery shelves so that visitors can easily find their desired vase. (dependent clause of purpose) 6. Since my parents have set up a workshop, we can develop our traditional craft. (dependent clause of reason) 7. Because I travelled all weekend. I didn’t have time to do my homework. (dependent clause of reason) 8. The villagers are learning English in order that they can communicate with foreigners. (dependent clause of purpose) 9. Although I don’t remember his name. I’m sure that man is a famous artisan. (dependent clause of concession) 10. The birds were flying over the village when the evening sun went down. (dependent clause of time) II. Viết lại câu bằng cách thay đổi trật từ của các mệnh đề và sử dụng dấu phẩy khi cần. (Rewrite the sentences by changing the order of the clauses and using a comma as needed.)

1. John tried hard to get excellent marks although it seemed a difficult exam.

2. As soon as we finish making the conical hats, we will deliver them to our customers.

3. I performed poorly on the tests until I started doing homework regularly.

4. Mary went to the movies with friends even though she had a thirty-row poem to learn by heart.

5. Before my father became a famous artisan, he was a normal worker.

6. Kelvin will study abroad after he graduates from high school this year.

7. You must drive on the right when you drive on the road.

8. Before I invited my friends for milk tea, I checked my money.

9. Because her phone’s battery was empty, she was unable to make a call.

10. Unless the rain stops, we won’t be able to play football.

III. Nối hai câu lại với nhau dùng từ đã cho trong ngoặc. (Combine each pair of sentences using the word in brackets.)

1. We went to the zoo because my friends wanted to see the animals.

2. I went to the dentist after my tooth broke.

3. Thomas will receive a certificate unless he has bad marks.

4. We will go out to eat since it is my birthday.

5. Jane will feed the dog after she finishes her chores.

6. I hate to drink coffee because it always upsets my stomach.

7. Mum came back home to prepare dinner after she went to the grocery store.

8. You should review your lesson before you have the assignment.

9. My dog waited at the door for US until we got home.

10. If you study for the test carefully, you will do it much better.

IV. Điền vào chỗ trống một động từ thích hợp. Dùng các từ trong ngoặc làm gợi ý. (Fill in the blanks with a suitable verb. Use the words in brackets as a hint.)

1. live

2. keep

3. close

4. face

5. get

6. come

7. turn

8. deal

9. bring

10. run

V. Nối phần mở đầu và phần kết thúc. Chú ý các cụm động từ. (Match the beginnings to the endings.

Pay attention to the verb phrases.)

1. h

2. f

3. a

4. j

5. b

6. i

7. c

8. e

9. g

10. d

VI. Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống một cụm động từ cho bên dưới. Chia động từ theo đúng thì nếu cần.

(Fill in each blank with a verb phrase given below. Put the verbs in correct tense if needed.)

1. take back

2. checked out

3. pick out

4. take off

5. sit down

6. look over

7. run into

8. catch up on

UNIT 2: CITY LIFE I. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất. (Choose the best answer.)

1. d

2. a

3. c

4. b

5. c

6. a

7. d

8. b

9. b

10. a

II. Ghép hai nửa của câu lại với nhau. (Match the two halves of the sentences.)

1. e

2. h

3. g

4. i

5. a

6. d

7. c

8. j

9. b

10. f

III. Viết lại câu dùng từ trong ngoặc. (Rewrite the sentences using the words in brackets.)

1. Ha Noi isn’t as hot as Cairo in May. 2. New York is colder than London in the winter.

3. Men don’t live as long as women.

4. He is the best football player in our team.

5. You should drive more slowly in the rush hour.

6. The blue pullover is a bit prettier than the red one.

7. Frank is half as rich as George.

8. My sister usually gets up later than me.

9. A small village is less polluted than a big city.

10. This is the biggest city I have ever lived in.

IV. Nối cụm động từ được gạch chân ở cột bên trái với nghĩa của nó ở cột bên phải. (Match the underlined phrasal verb on the left column with its meaning on the right column.)

1. d

2. i

3. j

4. h

5. g

6. b

7. e

8. a

9. f

10. c

V. Viết lại câu, thay thế danh từ hoặc cụm danh từ bằng một đại từ tân ngữ. (Rewrite the sentences, replace the noun or noun phrase with a pronoun as the object of the phrasal verb.

1. We give them away.

2. They have had to put it off until July.

3. It took them thirty minutes to put it out.

4. Would you turn it down?

5. She left them out when she recited the poem.

6. He has called it off.

7. I gave it back.

8. On reaching home, she called her up.

9. Could you pick him up from school today?

10. Look it up in the phone book.

VI. Chọn từ đúng để hoàn thành các câu dùng cụm động từ không tách rời.

(Choose the correct words to complete the sentences using non-separable phrasal verbs.)

1. put

2. with

3. got

4. out

5. into

6. on

7. get

8. look

9. over

10. got

UNIT 3: TEEN STRESS AND PRESSURE I. Chọn đáp án đúng. (Choose the best answer.)

1. a

2. d

3. b

4. a

5. c

6. d

7. b

8. b

9. a

10. c

II. Viết lại câu theo lời nói gián tiếp. (Rewrite the sentences in indirect speech.)

1. Christina asked what she should do to remember all math formulas.

2. My father said (that) the freezing point of water is 0° c.

3. The doctor asked my mother whether/if she had suffered from lower back pain.

4. Sandra said (that) she hadn’t slept the night before/ the previous night.

5. Mrs. Miller asked her daughter why she looked so boring.

6. Christ said (that) he couldn’t focus on his study.

7. She asked whether/ if I went to the gym often.

8. Anna said (that) she would have a math test the week after/ the following week.

9. Kahn asked me where I was going to spend the summer holiday.

10. Pierre said (that) he was trying to remember an old friend’s name.

III. Viết lại câu theo lời nói trực tiếp. (Rewrite the sentences in direct speech.)

1. John asked his friend, “Is it easy to find a job as a designer?”

2. Bella said to me, “My parents misunderstood me but I’m not frustrated.”

3. He said, “I’m leaving tomorrow morning.”

4. Terry said to me, “I had a bad presentation in class last week.”

5. Thomas asked me, “Is it good for your family to move to another city?”

6. She said, “I don’t think taking risks too often is a good idea.”

7. Peter asked, “Will we have a farewell party?”

8. Amanda said, “I was very upset at first but it’s fine now.”

9. Brian asked Daisy, “Did you do well in the latest exam?”

10. Sylvia said, “I can’t concentrate because it is too noisy.”

IV. Sử dụng cấu trúc từ hỏi + động từ nguyên mẫu to-infinitive để hoàn thành câu trả lời. (Complete the answers using question word + to-infinitive.)

1. when to tell

4. which bus to get on

2. where to learn

5. what book to buy

3. whether to do V. Viết lại các câu sau dùng cấu trúc từ hỏi + động từ nguyên mẫu có to. (Rewrite the following sentences using question word + to-infinitive.)

1. Melisa wondered how to ride a scooter.

2. She has no idea what to do next.

3. Could you tell me where to find a bookstore?

4. He doesn’t know what major to follow at university.

5. We are talking about teen pressure and how to cope with it.

6. The students can’t decide when to take optional subjects.

7. You need to remember when to turn off the computer.

8. They are not sure who to meet at the meeting.

9. The notice board didn’t specify who to contact.

10. Gwen doesn’t know what to wait for.

UNIT 4: LIFE IN THE PAST I. Hoàn thành câu với used to và động từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences with used to and the verbs given below.)

1. used to play

6. used to give

2. used to live

7. used to believe

3. used to have

8. used to do

4. used to listen

9. used to be

5. used to like

10. used to hide

II. Viết câu hoàn chỉnh sử dụng used to hoặc didn’t use to. (Write complete sentences using used to or didn’t use to.)

1. I used to be very shy, but now I am sociable.

2. They didn’t use to like this city, but now they love it.

3. She used to do lots of morning exercise at home.

4. I didn’t use to like him much when we were at school.

5. He used to read several books a month, but he doesn’t have time any more.

6. He didn’t use to get on well with her, but now they both change.

7. My Dad used to get up at dawn every Sunday to go fishing.

8. Ben doesn’t have a lot of friends now, but he used to.

9. When my father had to commute to work every day, he used to get up very early.

10. I didn’t use to like fruits and vegetables, but Charlie makes me change now.

III. Sử dụng dạng câu hỏi của used to để viết lại các câu sau. (Use question form of used to to rewrite the following sentences.)

1. Did Ethan use to visit his grandmother every summer?

2. Did they use to go to church regularly?

3. Didn’t you use to wear a school uniform?

4. Did she use to live in Hue before she came to Ha Noi? 5. Did all of you use to study in the same class in high school?

6. Did students in that school use to leave the classroom at 9.30 p.m?

7. Didn’t she use to spend time in a shopping mall at weekend?

8. Did the children use to chase each other around this apple tree?

9. Did your sister use to jump on you for every little mistake?

10. Didn’t he use to play the game hide-and-seek with his friends?

IV. Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. (Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.)

1. had

6. would buy

2. was/ were

7. could fly

3. was helping/ were helping

8. didn’t go

4. could travel

9. was playing/ were playing

5. weren’t

10. didn’t speak

V. Viết lại các câu sau dùng / wish. (Rewrite the following sentences using I wish.)

1. I wish I knew more people in this city. / I wish I knew many people in this city.

2. I wish I had enough money for the books.

3. I wish it wasn’t/weren’t so hot. / I wish it was/were colder.

4. I wish Henry could come to my party.

5. I wish I knew how to fix my bike.

6. I wish I could buy the tickets on sale.

7. I wish I had enough time to finish my homework.

8. I wish my brother allowed me to play video games with him.

9. I wish my neighborhood wasn’t/weren’t noisy at night.

10. I wish I was/were the best student in my class.

UNIT 5: WONDERS OF VIET NAM I. Hoàn thành câu với dạng bị động của động từ trong ngoặc. (Complete the sentences using the passive form of the verbs in brackets.)

1. It is known that Royal Citadel is one of the wonders of Viet Nam. 2. It is reported that Son Doong is the world’s largest cave.

3. It is said that Hoi An is the former main port of Viet Nam in the 16th century.

4. It is reported that the most recent of Viet Nam’s World Heritage Sites is the Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park.

5. It is hoped that UNESCO will recognize more national parks as World Heritage Sites.

6. It is understood that Trang An Landscape Complex is a spectacular landscape of limestone karst peaks.

7. It is expected that all natural heritage sites will receive supports for sustainable use.

8. It is claimed that heritage tourists stay longer and spend more time on holiday than other types of tourists.

9. It is hoped that the conservation of the all cultural heritage sites should be enhanced.

10. It is understood that people are working for the preservation and protection of the properties.

II. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu. (Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.)

1. b

2. c

3. d

4. a

5. c

6. a

7. d

8. b

9. b

10. c

III. Viết lại câu sử dụng cấu trúc bị động khách quan. (Rewrite the sentences using the impersonal passive.)

1. It is understood that My Son Sanctuary was constructed between the 4th and the 14th century AD. 2. It is known that Citadel of the Ho Dynasty was the capital of Viet Nam from 1398 to 1407.

3. It was said that Hue Imperial City was the political, cultural and religious centre under the Nguyen dynasty.

4. It is believed that Hoi An was an active trading port from 15th to 19th century.

5. It was reported that there was human activity in Trang An Landscape Complex more than 30,000 years ago.

6. It was understood that The Thang Long Imperial Citadel was built in the 11th century by the Vietnamese Ly Dynasty.

7. It is known that Ha Long Bay is a spectacular seascape of limestone pillars.

8. It is hoped that the level of tourism needs to be managed so as not to exceed the capacity of Hue Monuments.

9. It was said that Thang Long was the centre of regional political power for almost 13 centuries without interruption.

10. It was understood that Hoi An town reflects indigenous and foreign cultures.

IV. Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. (Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.)

1. travelling

6. not buying

2. go

7. having

3. eat

8. take

4. not drinking

9. not trying

5. stay

10. see

V. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu. (Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.)

1. b

2. a

3. c

4. d

5. a

6. c

7. d

8. b

9. d

10. a

VI. Chuyển các câu sang câu tường thuật gián tiếp sử dụng cấu trúc suggest + V-ing/ mệnh đề với should. (Change the sentences into indirect speech using suggest + V-ing/ clause with should) 1. She suggested buying a conical hat at that souvenir shop.

2. He suggested that I should apply for a job in a travel agency.

3. Sylvie suggested asking someone for directions.

4. Laura suggested that I should wear a life vest when travelling by boat.

5. Thomas suggested climbing to the top of the hill.

6. Dweller suggested that they should wait until the lanterns were lighted.

7. I suggested that he should come as soon as he could.

8. The tour guide suggested visiting Hoi An at night.

9. Thierry suggested that I should ask for information before taking the trip.

10. She suggested travelling together for safety because the waterfall was so dangerous.

UNIT 6: VIETNAM: THEN AND NOW I. Chọn động từ được cho bên dưới để hoàn thành câu theo thì quá khứ hoàn thành. (Choose the verbs given below to complete the sentences in the past perfect.)

1. had ruled

6. had stopped

2. had lived

7. had solved

3. had ... used

8. had changed

4. had been

9. had studied

5. had built

10. had ... spent

II. Chia dạng đúng của động từ theo thì quá khứ hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ đơn. (Supply the correct form of the verbs in the past perfect or past simple.)

1. had had

6. had studied - moved

2. hadn’t been

7. had settled - went

3. had suffered

8. built - had had

4. Had she written - left

9. had driven - bought

5. had used - changed

10. had been - became

III. Ghép phần mở đầu và phần kết thúc. (Match the beginnings to the endings.)

1. e 2. j

3. g

4. a

8. c

9. f

10. h

5. i 6. b

7. d

IV. Hoàn thành câu với tính từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences using the adjectives given below.)

1. happy

2. annoyed

3. willing

4. convinced

5. confident

6. afraid

7. certain

8. astonished

9. sorry

10. relieved

V. Viết lại các câu bằng cách dùng cấu trúc S + be + adjective + that-clause. (Rewrite the sentences using S + be + adjective + that-clause.)

1. I’m sure that you will know a lot of people at the party.

2. He was anxious that his identification card was missing.

3. They were afraid that we were going to be late.

4. Steven is very sad that he couldn’t gain the scholarship.

5. We were disappointed that they couldn’t learn the lesson of history.

6. I was surprised that the bus was half empty at rush hour.

7. She was proud that her daughter had so much talent.

8. Her mother was pleased that she chose a college close to home.

9. I’m ashamed that I haven’t replied to your letter yet.

10. She was frightened that the dog might attack her.

UNIT 7: RECIPES AND EATING HABITS I. Điền vào chỗ trống với mạo từ a, an, some hoặc any. (Fill in the blank with a, an, some or any.)

1. an

2. some

3. some

4. any

5. some - any

6. any

7. some - some

8. any

9. An - a

10. an

II. Chọn phương án đúng. (Choose the correct option.)

1. much

2. a few

3. many

4. a little

5. any

6. large amount

7. Few

8. little

9. a lot of

10. some

III. Hoàn thành câu với từ cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences with the words given below.)

1. jar

2. bunch

3. loaf

4. bar

5. can

6. box

7. pinch

8. jug

9. teaspoon

10. head

IV. Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo câu điều kiện loại 1. Dùng will cho mệnh đề chính. (Supply the correct form or tense of the verb in brackets with the conditional sentences type 1. Use will for main clause.)

1. is - will be cooked

6. suffers

2. eats

7. use

3. don’t have

8. isn’t cooked

4. eat - will change

9. is not

5. are not

10. will likely start

V. Mỗi câu sau có một lỗi. Hãy viết lại cho đúng theo câu điều kiện loại 1. (There is one mistake in each sentence. Rewrite to correct it according to conditional sentences type 1.)

1. If you use reusable bags, you should keep one bag for raw meats only.

2. If everyone switches to vegetables and grains, will there be enough to eat?

3. If the food is frozen, the refreezing may affect the quality of some food.

4. If you use fresh fruits, you. should wash them thoroughly under a running tap.

5. If you just look at raw fish, there will be no way to say it is safe to eat.

6. If you eat 300 calories, your body will take 30 calories to process those 300 calories.

7. You will burn an extra 95 calories if you drink around four pints of water a day.

8. If you want to eat two meals a day, you must be sure to consume enough calories.

9. If you drink fruit juice regularly, you should ask your doctor about its effects.

10. It can help to lose weight and prevent obesity if you change your lifestyle.

VI. Ghép phần mở đầu với phần kết thúc. (Match the beginnings to the endings.)

1. b

2. f

3. h

4. a

5. c

6. i

7. j

8. e

9. d

10. g

UNIT 8: TOURISM I. Điền vào khoảng trống với a, an hoặc không dùng mạo từ (zero article). (Fill in the blanks with a, an or zero article.)

1. an

2. a

3. zero article

4. a

5. zero article

6. an

7. an

8. zero article

9. an

10. zero article

II. Điền vào khoảng trống với the hoặc không dùng mạo từ (zero article). (Fill in the blanks with the or.)

1. zero article

6. the - the - the

2. zero article

7. zero article - the

3. the - zero article

8. zero article

4. the - the

9. zero article - the

5. zero article

10. the

III. Viết lại các đoạn văn và điền vào khoảng trống với a, an, the hoặc để trống.

(Rewrite the texts and fill in the blanks with a, an, the or leave it empty.)

1. We stayed in an extraordinary hotel room in Venice. The hotel room have a Jacuzzi and a huge T.V. It also had a large balcony with an unbelievable city view.

2. During the holidays we organized an excursion to the Son Doong Caves far from the city. It is the largest known cave passage in the world by volume.

3.There are two cars parked outside: a black one and a white one. The black one belongs to my neighbors; I don’t know who the owner of the white one is.

4. I don’t usually like staying at hotels, but last summer we spent a few days at a very nice hotel by the sea.

5. I have two brothers. The older one is training to be a pilot with British Airways. The younger one is still at school. When he leaves school, he hopes to go to university to study law.

UNIT 9: ENGLISH IN THE WORLD I. Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo câu điều kiện loại 2. sử dụng would cho mệnh đề chính. (Supply the correct form or tense of the verb in brackets with the conditional sentences type 2. Use would for main clause.)

1. wouldn’t - had

6. lost - wouldn’t be

2. won - would study

7. would be - were

3. would miss - got

8. would go - mastered

4. wasn’t - would the world be 9. spoke - would probably get 5. would pass - practised

10. would understand - said

II. Viết câu điều kiện loại 2 dựa vào thông tin đã cho. (Write conditional sentences type 2 basing on the information given.)

1. If you didn’t read too fast, you wouldn’t/ couldn’t miss so many words.

2. If they liked studying, they would/ could be happy at school.

3. If you came and spoke English with us, you would enjoy it.

4. If I went to Britain, I would be able to speak English all day long.

5. If we knew his phone number, we would/ could call him.

6. If I spoke English fluently, I would have a good job.

7. If we weren’t friends, I would be angry with you.

8. If he wasn’t/ weren’t so lazy, he could finish the homework on time.

9. If he practised speaking English, he could pronounce the words correctly.

10. If you left home sooner, you wouldn’t come to class late./ If you didn’t leave home late, you wouldn’t come to class late.

III. Viết ra mệnh đề quan hệ trong những câu sau. (Write down the relative clause in the following sentences.)

1. which you lent me 2. with whom I went on holiday last summer 3. whose sister is staying with us in grade nine 4. for which I am really grateful 5. that you can help me to master English 6. who I hadn’t seen for years 7. why the world used English as the first foreign language 8. that he said 9. when very few people go to work 10. whose bag was robbed some hours ago

IV. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu. (Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.)

1. a

2. c

3. b

4. b

5. d

6. d

7. a

8. c

9. a

10. d

V. Viết lại thành một câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ trong ngoặc. (Rewrite the sentences to make one sentence using the relative pronoun in brackets.)

1. My mother met a woman whose son studies in my class.

2. I saw a boy who was wearing our football club’s uniform.

3. I love Da Nang city where I lived as a child.

4. My friends who were selected for the team will start training soon.

5. This is the motorbike key which I’ve been looking for all the morning.

6. That’s my cousin who is going to study abroad.

7. My brother left school last summer when he graduated from college.

8. It’s the most interesting book that I have ever read.

9. My aunt has two children whom she loves very much.

10. This is the laptop which my brother has just bought.

UNIT 10: SPACE TRAVEL I. Chia động từ trong ngoặc theo thì quá khứ đón hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành. (Supply the correct form of the verbs in the past simple or the past perfect.)

1. was

6. had left

2. had planned

7. lived

3. had started

8. had already descended

4. went

9. brought

5. wanted - had reached

10. had

II. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất theo thì quá khứ đơn hoặc thì quá khứ hoàn thành. (Choose the best answer in the past simple or the past perfect.)

1. a

2. b

3. d

4. c

5. c

6. a

7. b

8. b

9. d

10. c

III. Viết ra mệnh đề quan hệ trong những câu sau. (Write down the relative clause in the following sentences.)

1. who travelled into space 2. that people launched into outer space on Feb. 20, 1947 3. at which they could accelerate objects far away the Earth 4. which is not far from the launching site 5. that was launched in 2006 6. every astronaut must wear in space 7. that people sent to the Earth’s orbit 8. which have been sent to space 9. that humankind had ever travelled 10. we saw last Sunday IV. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu. (Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.)

1. d

2. a

3. d

4. b

5. a

6. c

7. c

8. d

9. b

10. a

V. Viết lại câu thành một câu sử dụng đại từ đề quan hệ trong ngoặc. (Rewrite the sentences to make one sentence using the relative pronoun in brackets.)

1. Yuri Gagarin who made space travel come true was the third of four children.

2. My grandparents still live in the village where my father was born.

3. Sputnik I which was launched into the Earth orbit on October 4, 1957 was the first artificial Earth satellite.

4. Neil Armstrong who became the first human to walk on the Moon was an American astronaut.

5. Astronomers are highly educated individuals who typically have a Ph. D degree.

6. Some private companies in space travel that have developed recently make way for commercial space travel.

7. Black hole is a place in space where matter and light cannot escape if they fall in.

8. Newton whose father had died before he was born discovered the laws of gravity and motion.

9. Apollo 11 which first put people on the moon in July 1969 was a NASA’s spaceship.

10. That is an astronomy museum which lies in the center of the city.

UNIT 11: CHANGING ROLES IN SOCIETY I. Chọn dạng tương lai chủ động hoặc bị động để hoàn thành câu. (Choose the future active or passive to complete the sentences.)

1. b

2. a

3. a

4. b

5. a

6. b

7. b

8. b

9. a

10. a

II. Chuyển câu sang thể bị động. (Change the sentences into passive voice.)

1. Their family will be made better than it used to be by modern husbands.

2. She hopes her children will be provided with a good education program.

3. More women will be employed by the charities or public bodies.

4. Children will be removed from their parents only in extreme circumstances.

5. Educational infrastructures will be needed by any society in the world.

6. Ice cream will be eaten by most kids in the world without hesitation.

7. The marriage certificate will be required as an evidence by the judge.

8. The jobs that have been dominated by men will be taken part in by women.

9. Family life will equally be determined by both the husband and the wife.

10. A good job be will found by his son after he leaves university.

III. Viết lại câu bằng cách thêm vào dấu phẩy ở những chỗ cần thiết. (Rewrite the sentences using a comma where necessary.)

1. That pop singer, whose songs have become well-known recently, is my classmate.

2. This is Mr. Dorothy, whose son won the world chess championship last year.

3. Sanchez, whom the teacher is greeting, is a new student from a boarding school.

4. Nobody stopped the cruel husband, which made somebody feel frustrated.

5. Hue, which is at the Huong River’s riverside, is a beautiful city.

6. Amanda played the guitar all night, which annoyed the neighbours.

7. Kimberly, who is raising her hand, is the most intelligent at school.

8. Mr. Harry, whose wife died last year, went on a long journey.

9. My cousin, who is sweeping the floor, is the same age as me.

10. Tracy’s grandpa, who is 73 years old, practises martial art every day.

IV. Loại bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định trong các câu sau rồi viết lại. (Remove the nondefining relative clause in the following sentences, then rewrite them.)

1. The bus to Cho Lon station is the 66.

2. He didn’t say thanks before he left.

3. Yesterday I met a lady.

4. The woman in black shirt is a friend of his.

5. Travelling economy class is often crowded.

6. The man in blue jeans is my elder brother.

7. He doesn’t know English.

8. Robert is now a famous actor.

9. David earned a lot of money last year.

10. Michelle is my cousin’s best friend.

V. Viết lại thành một câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định. (Rewrite the sentences to make one sentence using a non-defining relative clause.)

1. Mr. Thanh, whom I don’t like very much, is a good teacher.

2. Lindsey, whose father is the headmaster of this school, is an interesting girl.

3. My school, which has about 900 students, was built in 1997.

4. Our new friends, who met us at the library, are coming to visit next week.

5. That building, where they hold the meeting about women rights, was well conserved.

6. Her eldest girl, whom I met by chance, has become a pretty woman.

7. She wanted to go out for a meal on Sunday, which was her birthday.

8. Some students, who only study the day before the exam, didn’t get good marks.

9. His latest book, which has become a bestseller, is about women’s changing role.

10. Today, when students get their degree, is an unforgettable day.

UNIT 12: MY FUTURE CAREER I. Viết lại câu sao cho có nghĩa tương đương với câu đã cho. (Rewrite the sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.)

1. In spite of the low salary, I decide to take the job.

2. Despite a headache, Jane still searched for job advertisement until late.

3. In spite of the heat, the workers are working hard in the construction site.

4. Despite passing the test with top result, he didn’t get the job.

5. In spite of being tired, we went on working to finish the task.

6. Despite his lack of experience, he became a successful businessman.

7. In spite of many the difficulties, the project finished on time.

8. Despite working for the company for three months, Bob doesn’t know what to do.

9. In spite of using sophisticated technology, the factory didn’t produce much.

10. Despite the heavy rain, I managed to go to work on time yesterday.

II. Ghép phần đầu và phần kết thúc để có câu hoàn chỉnh. (Match the begin ning to the ending to make a complete sentence.)

1. d

2. f

3. a

4. h

5. b

6. j

7. i

8. c

9. e

10. g

III. Chọn đáp án đúng. (Choose the correct answer.)

1. b

2. a

3. a

4. b

5. b

6. a

7. b

8. a

9. a

10. b

IV. Chọn phương án đúng. (Choose the correct option.)

1. seeing

2. to prove

3. using

4. to learn

5. to contact

6. stealing

7. staying

8. to be

9. meeting

10. to insert

V. Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng verb + to-infinitive hoặc verb + V-ing.

(Complete the sentences using to-infinitive or verb + v-ing for the verb in brackets.)

1. hearing

2. to turn

3. putting

4. teaching

5. to explain

6. to shut

7. pressing

8. working

9. to return

10. to take

PRACTISE TEST 1 I. Viết lại các câu thành một câu phức, sử dụng từ trong ngoặc. (Rewrite the sentences to make a complex sentence, using the word in brackets.)

1. When the bell rang, everyone raced out of the classrooms.

2. I had to go back to my room because I forgot my wallet.

3. We moved to the front row in order that we could see better.

4. After Dad drives Mum to the bus station, he’s going to buy us a pizza.

5. Although our team didn’t score any goal yesterday, we win the game.

6. I’ve reorganized my files so that I can easily find what I’m looking for.

7. When he saw me at the arrival gate, he smiled and waved at me.

8. Even though ice cream is Anna’s favourite dessert, she refused to eat it.

9. While our mother went shopping, we played video games.

10. Since Jonathan spent his class time reading comic books, his final exam was bad.

II. Ghép phần mở đầu với phần kết thúc phù hợp để tạo thành câu hoàn chỉnh. (Match the beginnings to the appropriate endings to make full sentences.)

1. d

2. i

3. h

4. a

5. b

6. e

7. j

8. f

9. c

10. g

III. Hoàn thành câu với dạng so sánh đúng của các từ trong ngoặc. (Complete the sentences with the correct comparison form of the words in brackets.)

1. the most politely

6. the nearest

2. harder

7. more fluently

3. interesting

8. the worst

4. warmly

9. much

5. later

10. the fastest

IV. Viết lại các câu theo lời nói gián tiếp. (Rewrite the sentences in indirect speech.)

1. Lily said that she had seen Martha in the supermarket the day before.

2. She asked the salesgirl how much that shirt cost.

3. My sister said that she wouldn’t talk to my friend about my secret.

4. He told us that he wanted our homework handed in by the following morning.

5. Michael told me that he couldn’t go out with me because he was not feel¬ing well.

6. My mother asked whether/if anybody had called her while she had been out.

7. Daniel said that he had lived in that city all his life.

8. The foreigner asked me whether/if I could tell him/her the way to the airport.

9. I told my father that I wanted to study medicine at university.

10. She asked the doctor how he could overcome stress and feel glad.

V. Hoàn thành câu bằng việc sử dụng cấu trúc từ hỏi + động từ nguyên mẫu có to với các động từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences using question word + to-infinitive for the verbs given.)

1. how to fasten

6. what... to paint

2. whether to believe

7. whether to apply

3. when to stop

8. what to do

4. where to go

9. how to ride

5. which ... to buy

10. who to call

VI. Đọc đoạn văn và chọn đáp án đúng nhất để điền vào chỗ trống. (Read the text and choose the best answers to fill in the blanks.)

1. b

2. a

3. d

4. b

5. c

6. c

7. d

8. a

9. d

10. c

PRACTISE TEST 2 I. Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của used to và động từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences with the correct form of used to and the verbs given below.)

1. used to travel

6. used to go

2. used to wait

7. use to watch

3. use to make

8. used to play

4. used to listen

9. used to work

5. used to live

10. use to like

II. Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc. (Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in brackets.)

1. stopped

6. wouldn’t smoke

2. knew

7. were living

3. could pass

8. had

4. was/ were having

9. were

5. weren’t

10. had

III. Viết câu bị động khách quan với động từ trong ngoặc. (Write impersonal passive sentences using the verbs in brackets.)

1. It is known that we remember best what comes first and last in any period of reading.

2. It is reported that thirty people were killed in the traffic accident last week.

3. It is said that the darkest hour of the night comes just before the dawn.

4. It is reported that an elephant was seen destroying a corn farm in their village.

5. It is hoped that the job at the local resorts will be filled by local candidates.

6. It is understood that laziness can bring failure and hard work can bring success.

7. It is expected that this new method of production will have other advantages.

8. It is claimed that humour not only affects patients’ moods, but also help them recover faster.

9. It is hoped that the course will open up new opportunities for students.

IV. Chọn phương án đúng. (Choose the correct option.)

1. asking

2. think

3. should

4. consult

5. should try

6. taking

7. considering

8. stay

9. be

10. go

V. Chia dạng đúng của động từ theo thì quá khứ hoàn thành hoặc quá khứ đơn. (Supply the correct form of the verbs in the past perfect or past simple.)

1. were - had told

6. convinced - had learnt

2. didn’t remember - hadn’t come

7. had skipped - had

3. had informed - rang

8. had already fastened - gave

4. had stopped - revived

9. hadn’t thought - suggested

5. returned - had taken

10. had already eaten - came

VI. Hoàn thành câu với tính từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences using the adjectives given below.)

1. brave

2. convinced

3. conscious

4. necessary

5. sorry

6. pleased

7. confident

8. kind

9. relieved

10. surprised

VII. Viết lại các câu bằng cách dùng cấu trúc S + be + adjective + that-clause. (Rewrite the sentences using S + be + adjective + that-cause.)

1. The villagers are anxious that the local school is kept open.

2. We’re really glad that your kids could come home for Tet. 3. He was afraid that his friends would laugh at him.

4. She is sad that so many of her paintings have been lost.

5. It was frightened that I was nearly thrown to the windstorm yesterday.

6. I was surprised that they couldn’t see my point of view.

7. He was not aware that he had committed an offence.

8. We are pleased that the problems have been resolved.

9. I am ashamed that I brought to you so much trouble.

10. He was a little disappointed that his son was not athletic.

PRACTISE TEST 3 I. Điền vào chỗ trống với mạo từ a, an, some hoặc any. (Fill in the blank with a, an, some or any.)

1. a

2. any

3. an

4. Some

5. an

6. any

7. a - a

8. an

9. any

10. some

II. Hoàn thành câu với từ được cho bên dưới. (Complete the sentences with the words given below.)

1. pinch

2. bar

3. tin

4. bowl

5. kilo

6. dozen

7. piece

8. bottle

9. slice

10. cup

III. Điền vào khoảng trống với a, an, the hoặc không dùng mạo từ (zero article). (Fill in the blanks with a, an, the or không dùng mạo từ.)

1. the - ∅

2. a - ∅

3. ∅

4. the

5. a - a

6. an - a - ∅

7. the

8. a

9. an - the

10. ∅ - the

IV. Mỗi câu sau có một lỗi. Tìm và sửa lại cho đúng. (There is one mistake in each sentence. Find arid correct it.)

1. If you add more sugar to the soup, I won’t eat it.

2. I will go shopping on the way home if I have time.

3. If it stops raining, we will go out and walk for a while.

4. What will you do if you are allergic to some kinds of food?

5. We should save the hotel’s phone number in case we need to cancel the reservation.

6. If it’s a nice day tomorrow, we will have a picnic in the national park.

7. She might be late for the departure if she keeps changing her clothes.

8. If you don’t study English, what language will you choose?

9. I will visit the Big Ben if I go to London.

10. If you are hungry, you can eat an apple.

V. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để hoàn thành câu điều kiện loại 2. (Choose the best answer to complete the conditional sentences type 2.)

1. d

2. c

3. d

4. b

5. d

6. b

7. c

8. a

9. a

10. c

VI. Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ. (Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.)

1. There’s one student whose name hasn't been called yet.

2. This is the most delicious dish that I’ve ever tried.

3. I don't remember the date when we first met.

4. Do you know the reason, why he was late?

5.The foreigner about whom they are talking is from Sydney.

6. The tour to which he referred was organized by our agency.

7. That restaurant closed at 3pm, which was quite surprising.

8. Mr. Thompson is the first person that I usually ask for advice.

9. I apply for the reservationist position whose mandatory language is English.

10. The waitress who served us was impolite and impatient.

PRACTISE TEST 4 I. Chọn đáp án đúng nhất. (Choose the best answer.)

1. a

2. d

3. b

4. c

5. a

6. b

7. c

8. d

9. c

10. a

II. Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống một đại từ quan hệ thích hợp. (Fill in each blank a relative pronoun.)

1. whom/ who

2. who

3. whom/ who

4. whom

5. who/ that

6. whose

7. which

8. which

9. whose

10. whom

III. Viết lại câu bằng cách thêm vào dấu phẩy ở những chỗ cần thiết. (Rewrite the sentences using a comma where necessary.)

1. Their generator was running all night, which kept us awake.

2. Those are the grocery stores that don't accept credit cards.

3. The man over there, whose T-shirt is white, is Jennifer’s brother.

4. The suitcase he is carrying is too heavy for him.

5. Our new stadium, which holds 70,000 people, will be opened soon.

6. I’ve just bought some books, which I’m very interested in.

7. He’d never do anything that might get him into trouble.

8. The motorbike that was found by police belonged to my aunt.

9. They wanted to depart at 5 a.m, which didn’t suit me at all.

10. English grammar, which I dislike very much, is good for me.

IV. Viết lại câu dùng despite/ in spite of. (Rewrite the sentences using despite/in spite of.)

1. In spite of her illness, Jessica is cheerful to see us.

2. I couldn’t sleep last night despite/in spite of being very tired.

3. Despite his wealth, Bill doesn’t want to spend money.

4. Despite the bad things he’s done, I believe in his essential goodness.

5. We lost the match despite/in spite of being the better team.

6. They went out for a walk despite/ in spite of the bad weather.

7. We went on holiday abroad despite/in spite of the expensive flight tickets.

8. She’s a great person despite/in spite of looking selfish sometimes.

9. Despite their different cultures, they immediately became friends.

10. In spite of her age, she still leads an active life.

V. Hoàn thành câu sử dụng động từ trong ngoặc ở dạng verb + to-infinitive hoặc verb + V-ing.

(Complete the sentences using to-infinitive or verb + V-ing for the verb in brackets.)

1. to apply

2. working

3. committing

4. speaking

5. to see

6. to speak

7. providing

8. to have

9. to gain

10. going