BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 12 DÙNG CHO DẠY THÊM THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH THÍ ĐIỂM THEO TỪNG UNIT (BẢN GV) by Dạy Kèm Quy Nhơn Official

BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 12 ĐẦY ĐỦ

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BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 12 DÙNG CHO DẠY THÊM, DẠY HÈ THEO CHƯƠNG TRÌNH THÍ ĐIỂM BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP VÀ BÀI TEST THEO TỪNG UNIT (BẢN GV) (Phiên bản Dạy Kèm Quy Nhơn) WORD VERSION | 2022 EDITION ORDER NOW / CHUYỂN GIAO QUA EMAIL TAILIEUCHUANTHAMKHAO@GMAIL.COM

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(GV) Unit 1. LIFE STORIES

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TÀI LIỆU DẠY THÊM CẢ NĂM TIẾNG ANH 12 THÍ ĐIỂM

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A. VOCABULARY • talented /'tælənɪd/ (adj.): có tài năng, có khiếu. Ex: The kids at this school are all exceptionally talented in some way. • accomplished /ə'kɒmplɪʃt/ (adj.) (+ at/in): có đầy đủ tài năng, hoàn hảo, được giáo dục. Ex: He came to New York in 1976, already accomplished in English. • pioneer /ˌpaɪə'nɪə(r)/ (n.): người tiên phong, người đi đầu • be widely/ internationally recognized: được công nhận rộng rãi, được thế giới công nhận. • dedication /ˌdɛdɪ'keɪʃən/ (n.) (+ to): sự cống hiến Ex: There was no doubting Luke's dedication to the campaign. • be dedicated to V-ing/ noun phrase: tận tụy, tận tâm • respectable /rɪs'pɛktəbl/ (adj.): đáng kính trọng, đúng đắn • respectful /ris'pektful/ (adj): lễ phép, bày tỏ sự kính trọng, tôn kính (mô tả hành động, sự việc) • distinguished /dɪs'tɪŋgwɪʃt/ (adj.): ưu tú, xuất sắc, lỗi lạc • generosity /ˌdʒɛnə'rɒsɪti/ (n.): sự hào phóng • inspiration /ˌɪnspə'reɪʃən/ (n.): sự truyền cảm hứng, cảm hứng • strategist /'strætɪdʒɪst/ (n): nhà chiến lược • popularity /ˌpɒpjʊ'lærɪti/ (n.): sự nổi tiếng, tính phổ biến • influential /ˌɪnflʊ'ɛnʃəl/ (adj.): có ảnh hưởng, có thế lực • recognition /ˌrɛkəg'nɪʃən/ (n.): sự công nhận, sự được công nhận, thừa nhận • to win/ receive/ meet with recognition from the public: được mọi người thừa nhận • achievement /ə'tʃi:vmənt/ (n.): thành tựu, sự giành được, sự hoàn thành • controversial /ˌkɒntrə'vɜ:ʃəl/ (adj.): gây tranh cãi • racial segregation /'reɪʃəl ˌsɛgrɪ' geɪʃən/: sự phân biệt chủng tộc • reach one's full potential: đạt được tiềm năng tối đa • a stroke of luck: một dịp may bất ngờ • reputation /ˌrɛpju(:)'teɪʃən/ (n.): danh tiếng, tiếng tăm • figure /'fɪgə/ (n.): nhân vật, biểu tượng • resort to (v.): dùng đến • take something/ somebody for granted: coi ai/ cái gì là hiển nhiên, sẵn có • at the expense of: phải trả giá bằng • be committed to: tận tụy, bị giam giữ • be devoted to: tận tâm, cống hiến cho • distinctive /dɪs'tɪŋktɪv/ (adj.): đặc biệt, xuất sắc • epitome /ɪ'pɪtəmi/ (n.): tấm gương hoàn hảo, hình mẫu hoàn hảo

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• representative /ˌrɛprɪ'zɛntətɪv/ (n.): đại diện, hình mẫu • celebrated /'sɛlɪbreɪtɪd/ (adj.): nổi tiếng, trứ danh, lừng danh • exceptional /ɪk'sɛpʃənl/ (adj): khác thường, đặc biệt, ngoại lệ, hiếm có • extraordinary /ɪks'trɔ:dnri/ (adj): lạ thường, đặc biệt • remarkable /rɪ'mɑ:kəb1/ (adj.): xuất sắc, đặc biệt, đáng chú ý • spectacular /spɛk'tækjʊlə/ (adj.): đẹp mắt, ngoạn mục, thu hút sự chú ý • profound /prə'faʊnd/ (adj.): phức tạp, sâu sắc B. GRAMMAR I. A/AN/THE • A/an/the là những từ hết sức quen thuộc trong tiếng Anh, chúng được gọi là mạo từ. Có 2 loại mạo từ: mạo từ không xác định và mạo từ xác định. 1. Cách dùng mạo từ không xác định “a” và “an”. • Dùng “a” hoặc “an” trước một danh từ số ít đếm được. Chúng có nghĩa là một. Chúng được dùng trong câu có tính khái quát hoặc đề cập đến một chủ thể chưa được đề cập từ trước. Ex: - A ball is round (nghĩa chung, khái quát, chỉ tất cả các quả bóng): Quả bóng hình tròn. - He has seen a girl (chúng ta không biết cô gái nào, chưa được đề cập trước đó): Anh ấy vừa mới gặp một cô gái. a. Dùng "an” trước: - Quán từ "an" được dùng trước các từ bắt đầu bằng nguyên âm (trong cách phát âm, chứ không phải trong cách viết). Bao gồm: - Các từ bắt đầu bằng các nguyên âm “a, e, i, o”. Ví dụ: an apple (một quả táo), an orange (một quả cam). - Một số từ bắt đầu bằng “u”: Ví dụ: an umbrella (một cái ô) - Một số từ bắt đầu bằng “h” câm: Ví dụ: an hour (một tiếng) - Các từ mở đầu bằng một chữ viết tắt: an S.O.S/ an M.P b. Dùng "a" trước: - Dùng “a” trước các từ bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm. Chúng bao gồm các chữ cái còn lại và một số trường hợp bắt đầu bằng "u, y, h". Ex: A house (một ngôi nhà), a year (một năm), a uniform (một bộ đồng phục)... - Đứng trước một danh từ mở đầu bằng "uni..." và "eu" phải dùng "a": Ví dụ: a university (trường đại học), a union (tổ chức), a culogy (lời ca ngợi). - Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ số lượng nhất định như: a lot of/ a great deal of/ a couple/ a dozen. Ex: I want to buy a dozen eggs. (Tôi muốn mua 1 tả trứng.) - Dùng trước những số đếm nhất định thường là hàng ngàn, hàng trăm như: a/ one hundred - a/ one thousand. Ex: My school has a thousand students. (Trường của tôi có một nghìn học sinh.) - Dùng trước “half” (một nửa) khi nó theo sau một đơn vị nguyên vẹn: a kilo hay a half, hay khi nó đi ghép với một danh từ khác để chỉ nửa phần (khi viết có dấu gạch nối): a half - share, a half - holiday (ngày lễ chỉ nghỉ nửa ngày). Ex: My mother bought a half kilo of apples. (Mẹ tôi mua nửa cân táo.) - Dùng với các đơn vị phân số như : 1/3 ( a/ one third), 1/5 (a/ one fifth), 1/4 (a quarter) Ex: I get up at a quarter past six. (Tôi thức dậy lúc 6 giờ 15 phút.) - Dùng trong các thành ngữ chỉ giá cả, tốc độ, tỉ lệ: a dollar, a kilometer, an hour, 4 times a day... Ex: John goes to work four times a week. (John đi làm 4 lần 1 tuần.) 2. Cách dùng mạo từ xác định “the”

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• Dùng “the” trước một danh từ đã được xác định cụ thể về mặt tính chất, đặc điểm, vị trí hoặc đã được đề cập đến trước đó, hoặc những khái niệm phổ thông, ai cũng biết. Ex: - The man next to Lin is my friend. (Trong câu này cả người nói và người nghe đều biết đó là người đàn ông nào). Người đàn ông bên cạnh Lin là bạn của tôi. - The sun is big. (Mặt trời chỉ có một). Mặt trời rất lớn. • Với danh từ không đếm được, dùng “the” nếu nói đến một vật cụ thể, không dùng “the” nếu nói chung. Ex: - Chili is very hot. (Chỉ các loại ớt nói chung). Ớt rất cay. - The chili on the table has been bought. (Cụ thể là ớt ở trên bàn) Ớt ở trên bàn vừa mới được mua. • Với danh từ đếm được số nhiều, khi chúng có nghĩa đại diện chung cho một lớp các vật cùng loại thì cũng không dùng "the". Ex: Students should do homework before going to school. (Học sinh nói chung) Học sinh nên làm bài tập về nhà trước khi đến trường. REVIEW THE SIMPLE PAST & PAST CONTINUOUS. 1. Simple past (Quá khứ đơn) a. Với động từ "to be":

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(+) S + was/ were + O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + O? b. Với động từ “to do”:

(+) S + Ved + O (-) S + didn't + V + O (?) Did (not) + S + V + O?

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Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Điều tra hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong quá khứ. Ex: - I saw a movie yesterday. - Last year, I traveled to Japan. • Diễn tà một chuỗi các hành động liên tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ex: - I finished work, walked to the beach and found a nice place to swim. - Did you add flour, pour the milk and then add the eggs? c. Adverds (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) • Yesterday, ago, upon a time, in 1945 (in a specific year in the past....), last... d. Một số lưu ý đối với thi quá khứ đơn: • Quy tắc thêm “ed” với động từ thường: Hầu hết động từ được thêm "ed" để biến thành động từ dạng quá khứ. Ex: work - worked, visit - visited • Một vài động từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm "y" thì biến "y" thành "i" rồi thêm "ed" để biến thành dạng động từ quá khứ. Ex: study - studied, carry - carried • Một vài động từ có dạng 1:1:1 (1 phụ âm + 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm) thì ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối rồi thêm "ed". Ex: plan - planned, fit - fitted * Cách phát âm đối với động từ có đuôi “ed”: Đúng nhất: Theo phiên âm quốc tế, khi -ED đứng sau các âm sau sẽ được phát âm như sau: Phát âm của -ED Các âm trước -ED Page 3

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/ɪd/ /t/ /d/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /p/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /s/ /t/ /θ/ /d/ Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại Mẹo vặt: (Không đúng 100%): Theo hình vị tự: Phát âm của -ED Các âm trước -ED /ɪd/ t d /t/ P x ce f ch sh *gh s *th ph /d/ Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại Ex: /ɪd/ wanted, needed, demanded, suggested, mended, hated, visited, … /t/ walked, liked, stopped, raped, washed, watched, laughed, sentenced, rated, breathed, stated, looked, cooked, sniffed, missed, mixed.... /d/ played, studied, changed, matched, decreed, .... Note: • Khi *th phát âm là /θ/ thì -ed mới phát âm là /t/ như breathed, ... • Khi *th phát âm là /ð/ thì -ed có phát âm là /d/ như bathed, ... • Khi *gh phát âm là /f/ thi -ed phát âm là /t/ như laughed, coughed, .... • Khi *gh là âm câm thi -ed phát âm là /d/ như ploughed, ... • Nguyên âm + S + ED thì -ed thường được phát âm là /d/ như praised, chased, raised.... Ngoại lệ: - Một số tỉnh từ sau có cách phát âm của -ed là /ɪd/: naked /'neɪkɪd/, learned /'lə:nɪd/, aged /eɪdʒɪd/, beloved /bɪ'lʌvɪd/, blessed /'blesɪd/, crooked /'krʊkɪd/, ragged /'ræɡɪd/, sacred /'seɪkrɪd/, wretched /'retʃɪd/,... - Phần ngoại lệ: Có một chữ có -ed tận cùng được phát âm là /əd/. Chữ đó là hundred /'hʌndrəd/ 2. Past continuous (Quá khứ tiếp diễn) a. Form

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(+) S + was/ were + V-ing +O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + V-ing + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + V-ing + O?

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b. Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Ex: I was sleeping at 12 o'clock last night. • Diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì một hành động khác xen vào hành động đang xảy ra dùng QKTD; hành động xen vào dùng QKĐ. Ex: I was studying when he came in. • Diễn tả nhiều hành động xảy ra đồng thời trong quá khứ (đi với while). Ex: Yesterday evening, my mother was cooking while my father was reading books. c. Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) At .... (specific time) From ... to... last night yesterday, one year ago ... At this/ that time At the moment Past simple While/ When Past continuous Past continuous d. Những động từ không chia ở các thì tiếp diễn: Một số động từ chỉ cảm xúc (like, love...) hay (know, believe, want) không được chia các thì tiếp diễn (kể cả hiện tại tiếp diễn hay quá khứ tiếp diễn). Page 4

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Verbs of thinking believe, doubt, guess, imagine, know, realize, suppose, understand. Verbs of the senses hear, smell, sound, taste. Verbs of possession belong to have (meaning possess), own, possess. Verbs of emotion dislike, hate, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish. Verbs of appearance appear, seem. Others contain, depend on, include, involve, mean, measure, weigh, require. Ex: Jane was being at my house when you arrived. Jane was at my house when you arrived. Bài tập vận dụng cơ bản ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Write the words in the correct order. 1. I/ the bus/ caught/ yesterday/ to work/.  _1. I caught the bus to work yesterday _ 2. it was raining/because/ didn't/ she/ for a walk/ go/.  __ She didn't go for a walk because it was raining.__ 3. I got/TV/ when/ watching/ my/ brother/ was/ home/.  My brother was watching TV when I got home 4. break/your arm/you/how/did/?  __ How did you break your arm? 5. last summer/ in a beautiful village/ spent/ we/.  We spent last summer in a beautiful village 6. last night/ Sally/ what/ was/ wearing/ at the party/?  . What was Sally wearing at the party last night 7. a loud party/ while/ my neighbors/I/ were having/ to study,/ was trying/.  _ While I was trying to study, my neighbors were having a loud party. 8. you/ to the cinema/ last night/ did/ go/?  _ Did you go to the cinema last night? Bài 2: Choose the correct answer in the bracket. 1. Last night I _______ on my thesis and it took me a while to realise that my phone was ringing. (work/ was working) 2. When you _______ I was in a meeting so I couldn't answer your call. (called/ were calling) 3. David can never agree with Tim. They _______. (always argue/ are always arguing) 4. Why did you disagree with me at the meeting? _______ to make me look incompetent? (Did you try/Were you trying) 5. Daisy _______ the buffet while I was seeing to the drinks. (prepared/ was preparing) 6. Tim _______ home when the accident happened. (walked/ was walking) 7. I _______ to work, even when it rained. (was always walking/ always walked) 8. Kelly _______ her speech when I walked in. (was finishing/ finished)

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Bài 3: Put the verbs into the past simple or past continuous tense. 1. I used my time well while I (wait) _was waiting______ for the train - I wrote some emails. 2. I (not/work) _wasn’t working______ when my boss walked in my office. I was on Facebook. 3. I saw a car crash when I (wait) __was waiting_____ for the taxi. 4. Tom (have) __had_____ long hair and a beard when he was at university. Page 5

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5. It started raining while I (drive) _was driving______ to work. 6. What (you/do) __were you doing_____ this time last year? 7. I (not/call) ___didn’t call____ you at 10 o'clock as arranged because I was having a meeting. 8. I (stiIl/sleep) __was still sleeping_____ when my husband left for work this morning. Bài 4: Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense, past simple or past continuous. Use the passive form if necessary. 1. When she heard the phone ring, she __stopped_____ (stop) reading to answer it. 2. My mother ____was reading___ (read), so she didn't see me walking past. 3. When the accident happened, thousands of people __were passing_____ (pass) through the airport. 4. I ___had____ (have) English lessons every week from the age of four onwards. 5. They decided to leave the beach because it __was getting_____ (get) dark and they wanted to get home while there was still some light. 6. Kate already ___was Kate thinking____ (think) of leaving university before she failed her first year exams? 7. Since your house had a pool, you _did you swim______ (swim) every day? 8. The disaster ___attracted____ (attract) hundreds of people from the country to the city. 9. Sorry I couldn't come on Monday, I _was working_____ (work) on my project. 10. The national park _was created______ (create) to protect wildlife. Bài 5: Put the verbs in the brackets in the correct tense. Last night, while I was doing my homework, Hoa (1. call) __called_____. She said she (2. call) _was calling______ me on her cell phone from her biology classroom. I asked her if she (3. wait) was waiting_______ for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall lecturing while she (4. talk) __was talking_____ to me. I couldn't believe she (5. make) __ was making _____ a phone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on. She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (6. sleep, actually) ___ were actually sleeping ____ in class. Some of the students (7. talk) __ were talking _____ about their plans for the weekend and the student next to her (8. draw) _ was drawing ______ a picture of a horse. When Hoa (9. tell) _ told ______ me she was not satisfied with the class, I (10. mention) _ mentioned ______ that my biology professor was quite good and (11. suggest) _ suggested ______ that she switch to my class. While we were talking, I (12. hear) __ heard _____ her professor yell, "Miss, are you making a phone call?" Suddenly, the line went dead. I (13. hang) _. hung ______ up the phone and went to the kitchen to make dinner. As I (14. cut) __ was cutting _____ vegetables for a salad, the phone rang once again. It (15. be) __ was _____ Hoa, but this time she wasn't sitting in class. Bài 6: Fill in the blank with the suitable article: a, an, the or x (no article). 1. Are you coming to __the_____ party next Sunday? 2. I bought ____a___ new TV set yesterday. 3. I think ___the____ man over there is very ill. He can't stand on his feet. 4. I watched ___the____ video you had sent me. 5. She was wearing _____an__ ugly dress when she met him. 6. I am crazy about reading _____x__ history books. 7. She is ____a___ beautiful girl. 8. Do you want to go to __the_____ cinema where we first met? 9. He is ____an___ engineer. 10. He thinks that ____x___ love is what will save us all. 11. I like ____the___ blue T-shirt over there better than ___the____ red one. Page 6

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12. Their car does 150 miles…………an hour. 13. Where's ____the___ USB drive I lent you last week? 14. Do you still live in ___x____ Ho Chi Minh City? 15. Is your mother working in.an old office building? 16. Tim's father works as ___an____ electrician. 17. The tomatoes are 99 pence __a_____ kilo. 18. What do you usually have for __x_____ breakfast? 19. Mike has ____a___ terrible headache. 20. After this tour you have _____the__ whole afternoon free to explore the city. Bài 7: Fill in the bank with a/an, the or x if it isn't necessary to use any article. 1. He is __a_____ very nice man. 2. They are __x_____ brave girls. 3. ___the____ farmhouses in my village were rather poor. 4. He told me __the_____ story of his life. 5. This is ____a___ good example. 6. _____the __ roof of __the____ house was on fire. 7. We are __x_____ students. 8. Those were _x______ interesting books. 9. Look at ____the___ top of that tree. 10. I am ___a____ good sailor. 11. ___the____ frame of that picture is broken. 12. John has become ___a____ driver. 13. It was _____a__ very long way to go. 14. We stopped at ____x___ door of his hut. 15. _____the__ cover of my English book is green. 16. Mark and Peter were ___x____ good sportsmen. 17. ___the____ last days of my stay in London were the most interesting. 18. She was ___a____ good actress. 19. This ___an____ exception. 20. ___the____ banks of ___the____ river were very steep. Bài 8: Correct the following sentences, adding articles where necessary. 1. Do English drink tea or coffee for breakfast? 2. We returned from two-week holiday in Philippines and Indonesia. 3. During the rush hour in Hanoi, it's more convenient to travel by motorbike than to take taxi. 4. We had great time in USA last summer. 5. Tim decided to become soldier so that he could fight for his country. Bài 8: 1. English  the English 2. two-week holiday; Philippines  a two-week holiday; the Philippines 3. taxi  a taxi 4. great time; USA  a great time; the USA 5. soldier  a soldier

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Bài 9: Complete the text by using A, AN, THE or (x) for "no article" for each blank. I just received a postcard from (1) ___the____ Smiths, a family I met last year. It made me start thinking: When was (2) ____the___ last time I actually sent (3) ____a___ letter or (4) _a______ postcard to someone? It's strange, (5) __the_____ postal service has been part of (6) ___x____ daily life for (7) __x_____ centuries. And suddenly, within (8) __a_____ single generation, (9) ____the___ postal system is on its way to becoming (10) __a_____ thing of (11) _the______ past. These days, (12) __x_____ few people send (13) _____x__ letters. Today, (14) __x_____ email is (15) ___a____ far more common way to communicate with (16) __x_____ friends and (17) __x_____ family. It's also (18) ___a____ faster and cheaper way to communicate. When I send (19)an email to (20) ___a____ friend in (21) a …distant country, (22) __the_____ friend will receive (23) ___the____ email almost immediately. What's more, I have the ability to attach (24) ___a____ photograph, (25) __a_____ video, or (26) __an_____ MP3. And I don't even have to buy (27) ____an___ expensive stamp. But (28) _the______ world is changing quickly. In (29) __a_____ decade or two, we might all be using (30) ____a___ totally different kind of technology to communicate. Bài 9:

28. the

16. x 17. x 18. a

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■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 10: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. 1. We to the hospital to visit Tom when he _______ to say that he was fine. A. were driving - was calling B. drove-called C. were driving – called D. drove-was calling 2. What _______ to you last Sunday? A. happen B. happened C. was happening D. would happen 3. Last night, we _______ for you for ages but you never _______ up. A. waited - showed B. would wait - showed C. were waiting - were showing D. waited - was showing 4. We _______ dinner when the light _______ off. A. had-went B. were having-went C. had been having - went D. have had - would have go 5. I _______ out last night but at the last minute I _______ that I had an English test this morning. A. was going to go – realized B. went – realized C. had gone - would realize D. would go - have realized 6. Who is _______ girl over there with Tom? A. the B. a C. an D. ∅ Page 8

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7. The director needs an assistant with good knowledge of foreign affairs. A. a B. the C. any D. ∅ 8. What _______ terrible weather! Normally _______ weather in the UK is not so bad. A. the-the B. a-the C. ∅-the D. the-a 9. After a busy day, I went to _______ bed and had _______ most beautiful dream ever. A. the - the B. a - the C. a - a D. ∅ - the 10. She has visited _______ Portugal but she has never been to _______ Netherlands. A. the-the B. ∅-the C. a – the D. a – a Bài 10:

1. B (bỏ "the") 2. D (was seeing => saw) 3. D (bỏ "the") 4. A (bỏ "The")

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Bài 11: Choose the underlined part that needs correction. 1. Last month, when my friend (A) was traveling around London by (B) the car, he crashed (C) the car into (D) a tree. 2. When she (A) was walking to (B) the library to borrow (C) some books, she (D) was seeing a robbery. 3. (A)The biggest problem with eating too (B) much sugar is (C)that it can cause (D) the diabetes. 4. (A) The most people need (B) to have a healthy diet and (C) do exercise (D) every day. 5. Last night, suddenly my mother (A) was deciding to prevent me from using (B) the Internet so we (C) ended up having (D) a quarrel. Bài 11:

5. A (was deciding => decided)

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Bài 12: Fill in the blank with A, AN, THE or (x) for "no article" for each blank. 1. What's _______ longest river in _______ world? Is it _______ Amazon or _______ Nile? I'm terrible at _______ geography. 2. In 1824, Louis Braille developed _______ system of writing for _______ blind. Quickly, _______ system, known as "Braille" after _______ inventor, spread from _______ France to dozens of _______ countries. 3. Because she did not speak _______ English, she had _______ little chance of advancing her career, so she applied for _______ year-long English course at _______ Cambridge University. 4. Tim loves islands. He has been to _______ Cuba, _______ Bali, _______ Bahamas, and _______ Philippines. And _______ next year, he wants to go to _______ Madagascar. Page 9

5. Jenifer always says that _______ patience is _______ virtue, but she is _______ least patient person I've ever met. Don't you think that's _______ little ironic? 6. Every year, _______ Smiths go camping in _______ Yellowstone National Park. But _______ next year, they are going to visit Mr. Smith's mother in _______ South instead. 7. Wow, _______ cheese is getting so expensive! Look, that cheese costs more than $50 _______ pound. Bài 12:

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1. the – the – the – the -x 2. a – the – the - the – x – x 3. x – x – a – x 4. x – x the – the – x – x 5. x – a – the – a

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Test 1 A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. accident B. jazz C. stamps D. watch 2. A. this B. thick C. maths D. thin 3. A gas B. gain C. germ D. goods 4. A. bought B. nought C. plough D. thought 5. A. spear B. gear C. fear D. pear II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. remember B. influence C. expression D. convenient 2. A. medium B. computer C. formation D. connection 3. A. national B. cultural C. popular D. musician 4. A. successful B. humorous C. arrangement D. attractive 5. A. construction B. typical C. glorious D. purposeful B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. widely related master inequality movement accomplished pioneer increasingly 1. Hughes is one of the most ___ accomplished ____ writers in American 20 literary history? 2. Albert Einstein was essentially all ___ related __ to science meanwhile Leonardo Da Vinci was a __ master __ at art, architecture, invention, and several other areas. 3. Han Mac Tu was part of the new poetic _____ movement _____ in Vietnam at the beginning of the 20th century. 4. Han Mac Tu is considered a ____ pioneer ____ of romantic poetry in Vietnam. 5. During his time at University, Nelson Mandela became ___ increasingly ____ aware of the racial ___ inequality _____ and injustice faced by non-white people. 6. Steve Jobs is ____ widely ____ recognized as a pioneer in the field of microcomputer revolution. II. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences. 1. He was the most ____talented_____ football player that our school had produced in years His talent for football was great. TALENT Page 10

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2. Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le whose great ____achievement_____ was his books on the history of Vietnam in the 19th century? ACHIEVE 3. He wishes to straighten up and lead a _____respectable____ life. RESPECT 4. His career as a journalist was full of _______distinguished______ achievements. He was a respected and admired journalist. DISTINGUISH 5. To be successful takes hard work and _____dedication______. DEDICATE 6. Doing things with ______generosity______ will give us true happiness. The more we give away, the happier we are. GENEROUS 7. Tran Hung Dao was a great _____strategist_____ to lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then attacked to destroy them. STRATEGY 8. Mother Teresa was a living saint who offered a great example and _____inspiration_____ to the world. INSPIRE 9. Zuckerberg was forced to shut his website down, but its immense _____popularity_____ and controversy had made him consider its future potential. POPULAR 10. As the principal founder of Microsoft, Bill Gates is one of the most ____influential____ and richest people on the planet. INFLUENCE 11. If Presley was considered a ____controversial____ and a rebellious figure, it just made him more popular with young listeners. CONTROVERSY 12. Stephen William Hawking got more ____recognition____ for his research and discoveries through his print and TV interviews. RECOGNINZE III. Indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions. 1. At his first school, Mark Zuckerberg ____ in all subjects and worked hard throughout his classes. A. interested B. excelled C. engrossed D. involved 2. His incredible performance during high school ____ him admission to Harvard University. A. earned B. attained C. resorted D. applied 3. Mother Teresa suffered various health problems, but nothing could ____ her from fulfilling her mission of serving the poor and needy. A. persuade B. warn C. appoint D. dissuade 4. In 1979, Mother Teresa was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for work undertaken in the ____ to overcome poverty and distress. A. battle B. struggle C. movement D. proposal 5. At the age of 18, Mother Teresa was ____ permission to join a group of nuns in Ireland. A. required B. sought C. obtained D. given 6. Nelson Mandela was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for his work in helping to end racial ____ in South Africa A. integration B. segregation C. achievement D. exploitation 7. Princess Diana fought for her children on any level so they could reach their full ____ as human beings and in their public duties. A. requirement B. condition C. capacity D. potential 8. Meeting my favorite celebrity at the airport was certainly a ____ of luck that wouldn't have happened if I'd arrived five minutes later. A. number B. piece C. stroke D. name 9. Steve Jobs might hardly imagine that only a year later the company ____ impressive victory with Apple II, one of the first highly successful ____ personal computer. A. attain / massly-produced B. see / mass-produced C. taste / massive produced D. achieve / mass-producing Page 11

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10. Ms. May, 59 years old, is the country's longest-serving home secretary in half a century, with a ____ for seriousness, hard work and above all, determination. A. fame B. reputation C. achievement D. maintenance 11. Theresa May is one of a growing number of women in traditionally ____ British politics rising to the upper position of leadership. A. male-dominated B. man-domination C. male-dominating D. man-dominatedly 12. Marilyn Monroe is widely ____ as one of most influential figures in American culture. A. classified B. depicted C. admired D. regarded 13. May's sports hero was Geoffrey Boycott, a solid, stubborn cricketer who ____ in playing the long game. A. qualified B. specialized C. engrossed D. indulged 14. Like many other Britain's prime ministers, May ____ a place at Oxford. A. admitted B. permitted C. won D. constituted 15. She has been quite critical ____ the media focusing on her fashion instead of her achievement as a politician. A. with B. for C. of D. in 16. Marilyn Monroe was ____ for Golden Globe Best Actress Award for Bus Stop (1956). A. offered B. nominated C. awarded D. rewarded 17. Marilyn Monroe ____ to a heavy drug use, which had a damaging impact ____ both her mental and physical health. A. resorted - on B. abused - in C. overexploited - to D. related - for 18. Their family were wealthy but they encouraged their children to work hard and take nothing ____. A. for sure B. for good C. for granted D. for charge 19. When Bill Gates saw an opportunity to found his own company, he dropped ____ Harvard without finishing his course. A. into B. by C. around D. out of 20. Despite the pervasive press intrusions into her private life, Princess Diana remained very popular because people could identify ____ her. A. in B. for C. with D. as 21. Elvis was ____ shy and as a youngster was not keen on performing in public. A. relatively B. respectively C. virtually D. almost 22. As a teenager, he was uninterested in school - but became ____ in music, listening to a huge ____ of contemporary American music. A. bored - amount B. reluctant - diversity C. reckless - type D. absorbed - range 23. Elvis Presley was ____ for the idea that rock 'n' roll music was having a negative effect on American teenagers. A. accused B. convicted C. criticized D. charged 24. If Presley was considered a controversial and a rebellious ____, it just made him more popular with young listeners. A. creator B. figure C. character D. celebration 25. Darwin was ____ a place on the HMS Beagle to act as a natural scientist on a voyage to the coast of South America. A. won B. gained C. offered D. admitted 26. Influenced by the work of Malthus, Darwin came ____ a theory of natural selection and gradual evolution over time. A. off B. into C. out D. up with

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27. In the struggle for survival, the fittest win out at the ____ of their rivals because they succeed in adapting themselves best ____ their environment A. expense - to B. cost - for C. expenditure - of D. stake - to 28. Van Gogh played a ____ role in the development of modern art. A. worthless B. valueless C. key D. minor 29. Van Gogh was ____ to a lunatic asylum where he would spend time on and off until his death in 1890. A. related B. referred C. adapted D. committed 30. Oprah Winfrey has played a key role in modern American life, shaping cultural ____ and promoting various liberal causes. A. values B. trends C. potentials D. prosperity IV. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. His early death only cemented his legendary status, and Elvis Presley has become deeply ingrained in popular culture. A. engrossed B. indulged C. deep-rooted D. supreme 2. A distinctive feature of Trump's business and real estate ventures has been the prominent use of his own name. A. characteristic B. general C. common D. superficial 3. Mother Teresa was a Roman Catholic nun who devoted her life to serving the poor and destitute around the world. A. committed B. dedicated C. committed D. attended 4. Marilyn Monroe has become an iconic representative of fame and female beauty. A. figure B. image C. typical D. idol 5. Marilyn Monroe was an epitome of sensuality, beauty and effervescence and was naturally photogenic. A. frame B. indicator C. instructor D. figure 6. Despite the media often being dismissive of Monroe's potential, her efforts to improve acting paid off. A. failed B. broke down C. managed D. met with success 7. Margaret Thatcher was known for her tough uncompromising conservative political views, and became dubbed as ‘The Iron Lady’. A. reserved B. inflexible C. narrow-minded D. compatible 8. He is commonly referred to as the "The King of Rock 'n' Roll" and epitomizes the post-war pop generation A. be representative of B. leads C. elaborates D. expands on 9. Leonardo da Vinci created rare masterpieces of art such as The Mona Lisa' and ‘The Last Supper’. A. worthless works of art B. invaluable property C. excellent qualifications D. excellent works of art 10. Da Vinci studied all aspects of life and his far-reaching investigations and discoveries sought to show an underlying unity of the universe. A. insignificant B. finite C. extensive D. excessive V. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Da Vinci from an early age began to display his remarkable academic and artistic talents. A. striking B. extraordinary C. run-of-the-mill D. exceptional 2. Joachim Lafosse confirms his exceptional talent with "Free Student", a film that is more conventional in its form. A. out of the ordinary B. abnormal C. usual D. odd Page 13

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3. Van Gogh became one of the most celebrated artists of the twentieth century. A. admired B. honored C. acclaimed D. obscure 4. Michael stood out for his exceptional enthusiasm and soft, infectious musical voice. A. attract attention B. be inconspicuous C. be conspicuous D. stick out a mile 5. In recent years, Madonna has continued to tour, release albums and engage in humanitarian work. A. throw oneself into B. become uninvolved in C. have a hand in D. take part in 6. Henry VIII was equally notorious for his six marriages and several scandalous love affairs. A. anonymous B. infamous C. celebrated D. ill-famed 7. The works Da Vinci did finish were often spectacular masterpieces, such as his paintings The Last Supper and The Mona Lisa. A. magnificent B. out of this world C. unimpressive D. remarkable 8. The death of Diana princess had a profound impact on the British public and those in other countries. A. far-reaching B. superficial C. deep-seated D. heartfelt VI. Put the verb in the past simple tense or the past continuous. 1. When I (arrive) _____arrived______ at this house, he still (sleep) ___was still sleeping____. 2. The light (go) ________went_____ out while we (have) _____were having___ dinner. 3. Bill (have) _____was having______ breakfast when I (stop) ______stopped____ at this house this morning. 4. She (wash) ____was washing____ up when Tam (arrive) _____arrived_____ at this house. 5. As we (cross) _____were crossing______ the Street, we (see) ______saw______ an accident. 6. Tom (see) _____saw______ a serious accident while he (stand) _____was standing____ at the bus stop. 7. The children (play) ____were playing_____ football when their mother (come) _____came____ back home. 8. The bell (ring) _____rang______ while Tom (take) ____was taking_____ a bath. 9. He (sit) _____was sitting_____ in a car when I (see) ____saw________ him. 10. We (clean) ___were cleaning____ the house when she (come) _____came______ yesterday. VII. Add "A/ AN/ THE/ X" to each of the following sentences. 1. He made his first attempt to engage in sporting activities four years ago with __the__ support of his family. 2. He was __the__ most talented football player that our school had produced in years. His talent for ___x___ football was great. 3. He did __the__ Black Mountain hike with his friends, but had to check his blood glucose levels every four hours. 4. Do you know Professor Phan Huy Le whose great achievement was his books on ___ the ___ history of Viet Nam in ____ the ___ 19th century? 5. ___ the ___ following year, he took part in ___ the __ Melbourne Sunset run to raise funds for __ an ___ orphanage. 6. He wishes to straighten up and lead ___a___ respectable life. He would like to be socially acceptable due to his good behavior. 7. He had to brake hard to avoid hitting ___ the ___ truck in front. 8. Doing things with generosity will give us ____x____ true happiness. ____ the ___ more we give away, ___ the ___ happier we are. 9. His career as ___a___ journalist was full of distinguished achievements. He was __a_ respected and admired journalist. 10. Five years ago, when Edward was 35 years old, he was diagnosed with ____x____ diabetes. VIII. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. Page 14

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1. She has read ____ interesting book. A. a B. an C. the D. X 2. You'll get ____ shock if you touch ____ live wire with that screwdriver. A. an/ the B. x/ the C. a/ a D. an/ the 3. Mr. Smith is ____ old customer and ____ honest man. A. An/ the B. the/ an C. an/ an D. the/ the 4. I first met her four years ago when we ____ at a middle school. A. had been studying B. are studying C. have been studying D. were studying 5. This school has an excellent ____ in the community. A. image B. reputation C. name D. opinion 6. ____ youngest boy has just started going to ____ school. A. a/ x B. x/ the C. an/ x D. the/ x 7. Do you go to ____ prison to visit him? A. the B. a C. x D. an 8. The boys broke a window when they ____ football. A. played B. were playing C. half played D. are playing 9. In spite of having a peasant ____, Nguyen Hue had proved that he was really an excellent general, only gained victories. A. situation B. experience C. condition D. background 10. As well as being a successful actor, Clint Eastwood is a ____ film director. A. talent B. talented C. distinguish D. respectful 11. I ____ about him when suddenly he came in. A. talk B. talked C. am talking D. was talking 12. At first, Microsoft had ____ hyphen in the name "Micro-soft", ____ combination of microcomputer and ____ software. A. a - the - a B. a - a - X C. the - the - X D. X - a - the 13. Le Loi used the ____ war, moving from little to large scale. A. mid-term B. short-term C. long-term D. half term 14. Last night at this time, they ____ the same thing. She ____ and he ____ the newspaper. A. are doing/ is cooking/ is reading B. were doing/ was cooking/ was reading C. was doing/ has cooked/ is reading D. had done/ was cooking/ read 15. When Carol ____ last night, I ____ my favorite show on television. A. was calling/ watched C. called/ was watching B. called/ have watched D. had called/ watched IX. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction. 1. The shortage of cooking gas in North Korea raised prices: an example of how the law of supply and demand also apply to planned economies. A. The shortage of B. raised C. an example of D. apply 2. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, physical techniques making it possible to determine the chemical constitution of stars. A. latter half B. making it C. to determine D. of stars 3. In 1997, molecular biologist L. Mark Lagrimini of Ohio State University cloned the gene in that codes for a type of peroxidase found in tobacco plants. A. In B. in that C. a type of D. found 4. Alpine Sainte nards are too good at following the scent of humans, even in snow, that they are used by ski patrols as rescue dogs. Page 15

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A. too B. following C. used D. as 5. Booker T. Washington, head of the first industrial school for African Americans, was as popular with Southerners than he was with Northerners. A. first industrial B. was C. popular with D. than he X. Indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. 1. "How do you like your steak done?" – “____.” A. I don't like it B. Very little C. Well done D. Very much 2. "Oops! I'm sorry for stepping on your foot" – “____.” A. Never mind B. You don't mind C. You're welcome D. That's fine 3. Anne: "Fancy a bite to eat?" - Barbara: “____” A. No thanks, I've just had some. B. No thanks, I've just had something. C. No thanks, I'm not neatly very thirsty. D. No thanks, I'm trying to give up. 4. Receptionist: "Good morning." - Chris: "Good morning. I've come to ____ Mrs. Dabria." A. see B. visit C. do business with D. hold a talk with 5. Arm and Mary are studying in their classroom. Ann: "Can I borrow your dictionary?" – Mary: “____” A. I'm afraid I can't B. Here you are! C. I think so. D. It doesn't matter. 6. Jack and Joe are discussing how to make salad for dinner. Jack: “____” - Joe: “How about putting some grapes in it, instead?” A. We could fry some onions with it too. B. I'd rather just have some bread, thanks. C. Let's put some pieces of apple in the salad. D. Good idea! I'll go and make one. 7. - Would you mind lending me you bike?" – “____.” A. Yes. Here it is B. Not at all C. Great D. Yes, let's 8. Havy: "Thanks for your help, Judy." - Judy: “____.” A. With all my heart B. Never remind me C. It's my pleasure D. Wish you C. READING I. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. milestones prolific like won funded breakthroughs making revolutionary Elon Musk is one of the greatest and most (1) ___ prolific ____ modern inventors and is responsible for monumental advancements in futuristic technology (2) ____ like ______ renewable energy and space travel. Many of his innovations seem to be right out of a science-fiction movie, but throughout his career he has brought about huge scientific (3) ___ breakthroughs ___. After (4) ____ making ____ his first fortune from the internet payment service 'PayPal', he invested $100 million in his space travel company, 'SpaceX' and began building satellites, launch vehicles and other spacecraft both for NASA and for his own company, creating new (5) _____ milestones _____ with his privately (6) _____ funded ____ spacecraft. Many of his (7) ____ revolutionary ___ ideas and inventions focus on space travel, renewable energy, commercial electric cars and other technologies, that look to a future where fossil fuels and other resources may be in shorter supply. His futuristic and visionary ideas have (8) ____ won _____ him both scientific and philanthropic recognition and awards. II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Gia Long was the first emperor of the Nguyen dynasty as well as the (1) ____ father of the modern nation of Vietnam. Born as Nguyen Phuc Anh, he was the nephew of the last Nguyen lord who ruled over southern Vietnam. (2) ____ being born into a royal family, he had to (3) ____ many difficulties in his early Page 16

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life as he became the (4) ____ of rival groups who attempted to (5) ____ the Nguyen clan completely. After the deaths of his father and uncle at the hands of the rival leaders, Nguyen Phuc Anh fled to the southern coastal tip of Vietnam where (6) ____ he met a French priest, Pigneau de Behaine, who would (7) ____ become his trusted adviser and play a major role in his (8) ____ to power. He escaped with the help of the priest and later on sought aid from the French in his struggle (9) ____ his rivals. (10) ____ the help of the French, and equipped with (11) ____ European armaments, he was (12) ____ in securing victories over his rivals. 1. A. found B. founded C. founding D. founder 2. A. Because of B. In view of C. Despite of D. In spite of 3. A. encounter B. face up C. manage D. get by 4. A. shield B. target C. purpose D. destination 5. A. wipe off B. wipe out C. kill up D. destroy 6. A. by chance B. on occasion C. on purpose D. at stake 7. A. at last B. especially C. specially D. eventually 8. A. raise B. arise C. rise D. rising 9. A. for B. against C. off D. at 10. A. With B. Without C. But for D. Thanks 11. A. advance B. advances C. advanced D. advancing 12. A. engaged B. involved C. successful D. attended III. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. William Sydney Porter (1862-1910), who wrote under the pseudonym of O. Henry, was born in North Carolina. His only formal education was to attend his Aunt Lina's school until the age of fifteen, where he developed his lifelong love of books. By 1881 he was a licensed pharmacist. However, within a year, on the recommendation of a medical colleague of his Father's, Porter moved to La Salle County in Texas for two years herding sheep. During this time, Webster's Unabridged Dictionary was his constant companion, and Porter gained a knowledge of ranch life that he later incorporated into many of his short stories. He then moved to Austin for three years, and during this time the first recorded use of his pseudonym appeared, allegedly derived from his habit of calling "Oh, Henry' to a family cat. In 1887, Porter man Athol Estes. He worked as a draftsman, then as a bank teller for the First National Bank. In 1894 Porter founded his own humor weekly, the "Rolling Stone", a venture that failed within a year, and later wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post. In the meantime, the First National Bank was examined, and the subsequent indictment of 1886 stated that Porter had embezzled funds. Porter then fled to New Orleans, and later to Honduras, leaving his wife and child in Austin. He returned in 1897 because of his wife's continued ill-health, however she died six months later. Then, in 1898 Porter was found guilty and sentenced to five years imprisonment in Ohio. At the age of thirty five, he entered prison as a defeated man; he had lost his job, his home, his wife, and finally his freedom. He emerged from prison three years later, reborn as O. Henry, the pseudonym he now used to hide his true identity. He wrote at least twelve stories in jail, and after re-gaining his freedom, went to New York City, where he published more than 300 stories and gained fame as America's favorite short Story writer. Porter married again in 1907, but after months of poor health, he died in New York City at the age of forty-eight in 1910. O. Henry's stories have been translated all over the world. 1. According to the passage, Porter's Father was ____. A. the person who gave him a life-long love of books B. a medical doctor C. a licensed pharmacist D. responsible for his move to La Salle County in Texas Page 17

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2. Why did the author write the passage? A. to outline the career of a famous American B. because of his fame as America's favorite short story writer C. because it is a tragic story of a gifted writer D. to outline the influences on O. Henry's writing 3. The word "imprisonment" in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to ____. A. captivity B. escape C. insult D. punishment 4. What is the passage primarily about? A. The life and career of William Sydney Porter B. The way to adopt a nickname. C. O. Henry's influence on American literature. D. The adventures of O. Henry. 5. The author implies which of the following is true? A. Porter's wife might have lived longer if he had not left her in Austin when he fled. B. Porter was in poor health throughout his life. C. O. Henry is as popular in many other countries as he is in America D. Porter would probably have written less stories if he had not been in prison for three years. 6. Which of the following is true, according to the passage? A. Porter left school at 15 to become a pharmacist B. Porter wrote a column for the Houston Daily Post called "Rolling Stone". C. The first recorded use of his pseudonym was in Austin D. Both of Porter's wives died before he died 7. The word "pseudonym" in the passage refers to ____. A. William Sydney Porter B. O. Henry C. Athol Estes D. the Aunt Lina IV. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. A large number of inventions require years of arduous research and development before they are perfected. For instance, Thomas Edison had to make more than 1,000 attempts to invent the incandescent light bulb before he finally succeeded. History is replete with numerous other examples of people trying, yet failing to make inventions before they eventually succeeded. Yet some inventions have come about not through hard work but simply by accident in most cases, when someone unintentionally invented something, the inventor was attempting to create something else. For example, in the 1930s, chemist Roy Plunkett was attempting to make a new substance that could be used to refrigerate items. He mixed some chemicals together. Then, he put them into a pressurized container and cooled the mixture. By the time his experiment was complete, he had a new invention. It was not a new substance that could be used for refrigeration though. Instead, he had invented Teflon, which is today most commonly used to make nonstick pots and pans. Similarly, decades earlier, John Pemberton was a pharmacist in Atlanta, Georgia. He was attempting to create a tonic that people could use whenever they had headaches. While he was not successful in that endeavor, he managed to invent Coca-Cola, the world - famous carbonated soft drink. Scientists have also made crucial discoveries by accident when they were conducting experiments. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, an antibiotic in this manner. He discovered some mold growing in a dish with some bacteria. He noticed that the bacteria seemed to be avoiding the mold. When he investigated further, he determined some of the many useful properties of penicillin, which has saved millions of lives over the past few decades. Likewise, in 1946, scientist Percy Spencer was conducting an experiment with microwaves. He had a candy bar in his pocket, and he noticed that it suddenly melted. He investigated and learned the reason why that had happened. Soon afterward, he built a device that could utilize microwaves to heat food, the microwave oven. 1: Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage ____. A. History's Most Important Inventions B. Accidental Inventions and Discoveries Page 18

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C. How to Become a Great Inventor D. You Don't Always Get What You Want 2: In paragraph 1, the word "arduous" is closest in meaning to ____. A. detailed B. tough C. specific D. constant 3: In paragraph 2, the word "endeavor" is closest in meaning to ____. A. research B. dream C. request D. attempt 4: What does the author say about Teflon? A. People first used it as a refrigeration device. B. It was created many years before Coca-Cola. C. The man who made it was a pharmacist. D. It is used for kitchenware nowadays. 5: Who was John Pemberton? A. The person who made Teflon B. The creator of Coca-Cola C. The man who discovered penicillin D. The inventor of the microwave 6: The author uses Alexander Fleming as an example of ____. A. one of the most famous inventors in history B. a person who made an accidental scientific discovery C. someone who became a millionaire from his invention D. a man who dedicated his life to medical science 7: What does the author imply about penicillin? A. Doctors seldom use it nowadays. B. Some people are not affected by it. C. It is an invaluable medical supply. D. Mold combines with bacteria to make it. D. WRITING I. Indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 1. Only with careful environmental planning can we protect the world in which we live. A. Careful environmental planning protects the world we live in. B. Planning the environment carefully, we can protect the world in which we live. C. Protecting the world we live in, we plan the environment carefully. D. We can protect the world we live in only with careful environmental planning. 2. You should take regular exercises instead of sitting in front of the television all day. A. Taking regular exercises is better than sitting in front of the television all day. B. Sitting in front of the television all day helps you take regular exercises. C. Sitting in front of the television all day and taking exercises are advisable. D. Don't take regular exercises, just sit in front of the television all day. 3. Wouldn't it be better to let them know about the alternations to the plan? A. Why haven't they have been informed about the new development? B. Shouldn't they have been consulted before the scheme was changed? C. Don't they think they should be informed about the changes in the plan? D. We'd better ask them to change the plan, hadn't we? 4. Don't take any notice of all his complaints about his health; there's nothing wrong with him. A. You can ignore all his talk of being ill; he's actually perfectly healthy. B. Try to avoid the subject of his health as I am tired of hearing all about his complaints. C. Don't listen to him talking about his health; it's his favorite subject. D. If you let him, he would talk only about his ill-health though actually he is quite healthy. 5. We had planned to walk right round the lake, but the heavy rain made this impossible. A. In spite of the heavy rain we managed to walk half way round the lake as planned. B. The heavy rain nearly prevented us from walking right round the lake.

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C. We would have walked right round the lake even if it had rained heavily. D. If it hadn't rained so heavily, we would have walked right round the lake. 6. There won't be peace in the conflict if both sides do not really desire it. A. It is only if both sides actually want the conflict to end peacefully that it will happen. B. As both sides in the conflict apparently desire peace, it is likely that there will be peace soon. C. The main problem in the conflict seems to be that neither side really desires peace. D. There has been a lot of fighting in the conflict because both sides seem to want it that way. 7. The accident happened as a result of the driver's not paying attention to the road. A. If the driver would have paid attention to the road, the accident hadn't happened. B. Had the driver been paid attention to the road, the accident wouldn't have happened. C. If the driver had been paying attention to the road, the accident wouldn't have happened. D. Had the accident not happened, the driver would not have had to pay attention to the road. 8. "Shall I help you do the dishes, Carlo?" said Robert. A. Robert suggested helping Carlo with the dishes. B. Robert suggested to help Carlo do the dishes. C. Robert offered Carlo to help do the dishes. D. Robert offered to help Carlo do the dishes. 9. If I hadn't had so much work to do I would have gone to the movies. A. Because I had to do so much work I couldn't go to the movies. B. I would go to the movies when I had done so much work. C. A lot of work couldn't prevent me from going to the movies. D. I never go to the movies if I have work to do. 10. "Why don't you get your hair cut, Gavin?" said Adam. A. Adam advised Gavin to cut his hair. B. Gavin was suggested to have a hair cut. C. It was suggested that Adam get Gavin's haircut. D. Adam suggested that Gavin should have his hair cut. II. Indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of the following sentences. 1. He did not remember the meeting. He went out for a coffee with his friends then. A. Not remember the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. B. Not to remember the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. C. Not remembered the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. D. Not remembering the meeting, he went out for a coffee with his friends. 2. They left their home early. They didn't want to miss the first train. A. They left their home early so as to not miss the first train. B. They left their home early for fear that they wouldn't miss the first train. C. They left their home early so as not to miss the first train. D. They left their home early in order that not to miss the first train. 3. The traffic is so heavy. It will take us at least an hour to get there. A. Unless the traffic is heavy, it will take us at least an hour to get there. B. As the traffic is so heavy, it will take us at least an hour to get there. C. The traffic was so heavy that it took us an hour to get there. D. We will spend more than an hour to get there to avoid heavy traffic. 4. There was no poor performance. Moreover, that of the Russian dancers was certainly the best. A. The best performance was the one of the Russians while some of the others were poor. B. The Russian dancers were well-worth watching but the others weren't.

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C. All the dancers but the Russian performed poorly. D. They all danced well, but the Russian did the best. 5. I started training to be an accountant six months ago. I've got more months to go and then I have to take exams. A. By the time I've taken my exam, I will have started training to be an accountant for a year. B. By the time I take my exam, I will have been in training to be an accountant for a year. C. By the time I took my exam, I would have trained to be an accountant for a year. D. By the time I've taken my exam, I will be training for a year. 6. Why did Danny decide to enter the marathon? Danny's totally unfit. A. Why did Danny decide to enter the marathon who's totally unfit? B. Why did Danny, whose totally unfit, decide to enter the marathon? C. Why did Danny decide to enter the marathon, who's totally unfit? D. Why did Danny, who's totally unfit, decide to enter the marathon? PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. candy B. sandy C. many D. handy 2. A. earning B. learning C. searching D. clearing 3. A. waited B. mended C. naked D. faced 4. A. given B. risen C. ridden D. whiten 5. A. cough B. tough C. rough D. enough II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. designer B. origin C. history D. quality 2. A. capital B. construction C. announcement D. eventful 3. A. apartment B. tradition C. different D. expensive 4. A. monitor B. organize C. following D. inviting 5. A. accurate B. discussion C. sentiment D. industry III. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. gained patriotism favourable talented celebrated leadership 1. Her mother is always the first reader of her books, and she creates the most ____ favourable ____ conditions for her daughter to work. 2. Nguyen Dinh Chieu was a Vietnamese poet who was known for his ____ patriotism ____ and anticolonial writings against the French 3. The work, Luc Van Tien, remains one of the most ____ celebrated ____ works in Vietnamese literature. 4. He was the most ____ talented ____ football player that our school had produced in years. His talent for football was great. 5. Nguyen Hue, with his genius ____ leadership ___, created a people's army, no matter small or large. 6. Nguyen Binh Khiem ____ gained _____ a reputation as someone who could foretell the future. IV. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. The impact of the assembly line helped Ford become the dominant firm in the motorcar industry. A. most influential B. subservient C. best-selling D. depressive 2. They all encouraged my creativity and inspired me in many ways. A. overlooked B. motivated C. rejected D. disappointed 3. She idolizes her artist mother, Ingrid, who is as strong and dangerous as she is beautiful. A. impresses B. detests C. worships D. hates

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4. Clara did not care how low the Phineas fortune had fallen; no proper respectable girl would allow herself to be a maid. A. disreputable B. unworthy C. paltry D. reputable 5. He was by nature a reserved man but not a cold one. A. shy B. easygoing C. sociable D. lavish 6. She was brought up in a well-off family. She can't understand the problems we are facing. A. poor B. broke C. wealthy D. kind V. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. P.G. Wodehouse's broadcasts attracted the strongest criticism from countrymen who felt it appeared he was indifferent to the war. A. attentive B. regardless C. unresponsive D. apathetic 2. Although many criticized his seemingly over-generous pay. Henry Ford also pointed out that the high wage helped the workers to be able to afford the cars. A. lavish B. open-handed C. big-hearted D. mean 3. Annie ran Tobin's Café on the Quay for some 30 years where she was known to be a very generous and charitable lady. A. free-handed B. generous C. non-profit-making D. penny-pinching 4. Rich, worldly and sophisticated, he could have been the ideal husband for Gwendolyn but feels compelled to crush her independent spirit and mold her into his perfect wife. A. elegant B. naive C. knowledgeable D. worldly-wise 5. There has been insufficient rainfall over the past two years, and fanners are having trouble. A. abundant B. adequate C. unsatisfactory D. dominant 6. We strongly believe that he's innocent of the crime. We do not think that he did it A. crimeless B. skillful C. clean D. guilty 7. The situation seems to be changing minute by minute. A. from time to time B. time after time C. again and again D. very slowly 8. Jose had a hard time comparing the iPhone to the Samsung phone because to him they were apples and oranges. A. containing too many technical details B. very similar C. completely different D. very complicated VI. Indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions. 1. Hawking was honored with many ____ awards like the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society. A. exceptional B. imperative C. indispensible D. prestigious 2. Her range of media enterprises has made Oprah one of the richest ____ women. A. ready-made B. self-made C. tailor-made D. independent-made 3. When I ____ home last night, I ____ that Jane ____ a beautiful candle light dinner. A. had arrived/discovered/preparing B. was arriving/has discovered/was preparing C. have arrived/was discovering/had prepared D. arrived/discovered/was preparing 4. Tran Hung Dao was a great ____ to lure the enemy to enter deeply into his land, then attacked to destroy them. A. strategy B. strategist C. soldier D. king 5. ____ Emperor Quang Trung was ____ second emperor of ____ Tay Son Dynasty, reigning from 1788 to 1792. A. The - a - the B. X - a - the C. X - the - the D. X – the - X 6. While I ____ TV last night, a mouse ran across the floor. Page 22

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A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching 7. When it began to rain, they ____ in the yard. A. played B. had played C. were playing D. have played 8. Liz and Laura is going shopping together. Liz: "Look! This sweater is beautiful." - Laura:"____?" A. Why not trying it on B. Why not trying on it C. Why not try it on D. Why not try on it 9. Anna is seeing Bill off at the airport. Anna: “____” - Bill: "I will." A. I'll miss you much. B. Give my best wishes to your parents. C. Have a nice trip! D. Wish you a happy journey. 10. When I woke up this morning, it ____. A. rained B. was raining C. has rained D. is raining 11. Her ____ to medicine was so great that she had little time for anything else. A. importance B. dedication C. emphasis D. reputation 12. Bill Gates was ____ middle child of William H. Gates II, ____ prominent Seattle Lawyer, and Mary Gates, who worked as teacher before she had children. A. the / a / a B. a / a / a C. the / the / a D. the / the / the 13. While Tom ____ tennis, Ann ____ a shower. A. played / took B. playing / taking C. was playing / was taking D. was play / was take 14. When they ____ in the garden, the phone ____. A. worked / was ringing B. were working / rang C. worked / rang D. work / rings 15. Oprah Winfrey has been an important role model for black American women, breaking down many invisible ____. A. trends B. gaps C. obstacles D. barriers 16. It was on Oprah that Armstrong finally made a dramatic ____ that he had used performance-enhancing drugs during his cycling career. A. encouragement B. confession C. receipt D. acceptance 17. In 2004, Barack Obama was elected to the US Senate where he ____ a reputation as one of rising stars in the Democrat Party. A. acquired B. refrained C. gained D. highlighted 18. Michael Porter has ____ as the strategic adviser to many successful U.S. companies and other international companies. A. served B. employed C. described D. appointed 19. Gia Long had to ____ many difficulties in his early life, as he became the target of rival groups attempting to wipe out the Nguyen clan completely A. deal B. cope C. encounter D. surpass 20. A year into his presidency, Barack Obama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize (2009) ____ his promise to promote world peace. A. about B. for C. with D. on 21. George VI ____ royal duties such as representing his father at coalmines, factories, and rail yards. A. paid off B. got over C. gave in D. took up 22. Nelson Mandela is one of the most ____ political leaders of the Twentieth and Twenty-First Century. A. admired B. perfect C. talent D. skilled

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23. Emergency crews are ____ progress in fixing the broken levees, but they are in a desperate race to stop the flooding. A. making B. doing C. getting D. becoming 24. The dream of a successful Scotland is capable of ____. A. effort B. achievement C. performance D. realization 25. If necessary, part of the responsibility is ____ by the internal security troops. A. taken on B. taken over C. taken in D. taken up 26. She is a ____ example of what people with disabilities can achieve. A. shining B. brightening C. glamorous D. gloomy 27. He is a captain who leads ____. A. by instance B. by mirror C. by example D. by sample 28. Japan is often quoted as the prime ____ of a modern industrial nation. A. example B. performer C. instructor D. pioneer 29. Some argue that the intellectual life of Bulgarians in the nineteenth century was ____ influenced by Russian culture. A. superficially B. mightily C. terribly D. strongly 30. Peter is an artist himself and has some of his own very interesting ____ on sale in the shop. A. create B. creators C. creations D. creativity 31. We must continually evaluate the ____ of each change on the product as a whole. A. performing B. possibility C. impact D. affect 32. A couple who gave their 50th blood ____ were presented with awards to mark their achievement. A. deficiency B. adequacy C. plenty D. donation VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction. 1. Only after Theodore Roosevelt became president did conservation developed into a major environmental issue in the United States A. Only after B. developed C. into D. environmental 2. Contemporary poet James Merrill writes autobiographical verse that building on remembrances of his childhood. A. Contemporary B. writes C. building on D. his 3. Together Rogers and Hammerstein wrote nine musicals, the first of whose was Oklahoma (1943). A. Together B. musicals C. first D. whose 4. Benjamin Franklin was the editor of the largest newspaper in the colonies, a diplomatic representative to France and later to England, and he invented many useful devices A. was B. the largest C. he invented D. many 5. Albert Einstein was such brilliant a scientist that many of his colleagues had to study for several years in order to form opinions about his theories. A. such brilliant a scientist B. many of his colleagues C. study D. about VIII. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. earned took based regard examples saw rest by Jack Ma is one of the world's greatest living (1) ___ examples _____ of entrepreneurship today. Once a poor lad who survived (2) ___by_____ guiding tourists, Ma left no stone unturned to rise above his humble condition and achieve success. One of the first steps he (3) ___took____ in this (4) ____ regard ____ was to improve his communication skills by learning English. Jack was one of the first few individuals who (5) ____saw____ Internet as a business opportunity even at a time when the (6) ____rest__ of the world didn't believe in his thoughts. After starting his first venture using a mere $20000, the entrepreneur Page 24

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(7) __ earned ____ around $800,000 in a matter of just three years. However, it is the e-commerce (8) ____ based ____ venture, 'Alibaba', which he founded in the early 2000s that catapulted this entrepreneur to global fame. IX. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank Spare the following passage. Donald John Trump is the 45th President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017. (1) ____ to being a politician, he is a successful business magnate and television personality as well. The son of a wealthy real estate developer, Trump attended the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania before taking (2) ____ of his family's business. He owned several beauty (3) ____ and ventured into (4) ____ television as well. Expanding the (5) ____ of his ambitions, he entered national politics in the early 2000s and (6) ____ his eyes on the presidential office. As a politician, his career was marred by allegations of sexual (7) ____ and he also earned much (8) ____ for his extravagant lifestyle and (9) ____ comments on immigrants from Islamic nations. (10) ____ the controversies surrounding him, Trump (11) ____ for the 2016 presidential election as a Republican and (12) ____ Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton in a surprise victory. Donald Trump is the first person to assume presidency without prior military or government service and at 70, he is also the oldest one to assume the office. 1. A. In addition B. In contrast C. Apart D. Other 2. A. steps B. charge C. measures D. advantages 3. A. pageants B. competitions C. tests D. examinations 4. A. realistic B. true C. actual D. reality 5. A. scale B. scope C. horizons D. amount 6. A. put B. set C. lay D. lain 7. A. abuse B. prejudices C. misconduct D. mistakes 8. A. criticism B. accusation C. blame D. conviction 9. A. burning B. confusing C. respectful D. controversial 10. A. Thanks to B. Other than C. Despite D. With 11. A. went B. applied C. ran D. struggled 12. A. won B. defeated C. suggested D. appointed X. Read the passage and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. Joyce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories, By The North Gate, in 1963, two years after she had received her master's degree from the University of Wisconsin and become an instructor of English at the University of Detroit. Her productivity since then has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, play and literary criticism. In the meantime, she has continued to teach, moving in 1967 from the University of Detroit to the University of Windsor, in Ontario, and, in 1978, to Princeton University Reviewers have admired her enormous energy, but find a productivity of such magnitude difficult to assess. In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality other fiction. Hers is a world of violence, insanity, Fractured love, and hopeless loneliness. Although some of it appears to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her first novel With Shuddering Fall (1964), dealt with stock car racing, though she had never seen a race. In Them (1969) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the riots of 1967, drawing much of her material from the deep impression made on her by the problems of one of her students. Whatever the source and however shocking the events or the motivations, however, her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that Page 25

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real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and popular magazines of our day. 1. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To review Oates' By the North Gate B. To compare some modern writers C. To outline Oates career D. To describe Oates' childhood 2. Which of the following does the passage indicate about Joyce Carol Oates' first publication? A. It was not successful B. It was a volume of short fiction C. It was part of her master's thesis. D. It was about an English instructor in Detroit 3. Which of the following does the passage suggest about Joyce Carol Oates in terms of her writing career? A. Most of her work is based on personal experience. B. Her style is imitative of other contemporary authors. C. She has produced a surprising amount of fictions in a relative short time. D. She has experienced long nonproductive periods in her writing. 4. The word "fictive" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____. A. imaginary B. attractive C. helpful D. impressive 5. What was the subject of Joyce Carol Oates' first novel? A. Loneliness B. Racing C. Teaching D. Insanity 6. Why does the author mention Oates' book Them? A. It is her best piece of nonfiction B. It is an autobiography C. It is a typical novel of the 1960's. D. It is a fictional work based on another person's experiences. 7. Which of the following would Joyce Carol Oates be most likely to write? A. A romance novel set in the nineteenth century B. A story with an unhappy ending C. A dialogue for a talk show D. A science fiction novel XI. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. Any list of the greatest thinkers in history contains the name of the brilliant physicist Albert Einstein. His theories of relativity led to entirely new ways of thinking about time, space, matter, energy and gravity. Einstein's work led to such scientific advances as the control of atomic energy, even television as a practical application of Einstein's work. In 1902 Einstein became an examiner in the Swiss patent office at Bern. In 1905, at age 26, he published the first of five major research papers. The first one provided a theory explaining Brownian movement, the zig-zag motion of microscopic particles in suspension. The second paper laid the foundation for the photon, or quantum, theory of light. In it he proposed that light is composed of separate packets of energy, called quanta or photons, that have some of the properties of particles and some of the properties of waves. A third paper contained the "special theory of relativity" which showed that time and motion are relative to the observer, if the speed of light is constant and the natural laws are the same everywhere in the universe. The fourth paper was a mathematical addition to the special theory of relativity. Here Einstein presented his famous formula, E = m(cc), known as the energy mass equivalence. In 1916, Einstein published his general theory of relativity. In it he proposed that gravity is not a force, but a curve in the space-time continuum, created by the presence of mass. Einstein spoke out frequently against nationalism, the exalting of one nation above all others. He opposed war and violence and supported Zionism, the movement to establish a Jewish homeland in Palestine. When the Nazis came to power in 1933, they denounced his ideas. He then moved to the United States. In 1939 Einstein learned that two German chemists had split the uranium atom. Einstein wrote to

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President Franklind. Roosevelt warning him that this scientific knowledge could lead to Germany developing an atomic bomb. He suggested the United States begin its own atomic bomb research. 1. According to the passage I, Einstein's primary work was in the area of ____. A. chemistry B. biology C. physics D. math 2. Which of the following inventions is mentioned in the passage as a practical application of Einstein's discoveries? A. Radio B. Television C. Automobiles D. Computer 3. According to the passage, Einstein supported all of the following except ____. A. nationalism B. the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine C. atomic bomb research in the United States D. the defeat of the Nazis 4. According to the passage in which country did Einstein live in 1930s? A. Switzerland B. the United States C. Germany D. Israel 5. The word "exalting" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____. A. criticism B. elimination C. support D. elevation 6. It is clear from the tone of the passage that the author feels ____. A. Einstein's work in physics was somewhat tarnished by his conservative political views. B. Einstein's work in physics, though theoretically impressive, led to few practical applications. C. Albert Einstein was one of the most brilliant thinkers in history. D. Einstein's theories have been consistently proven incorrect. 7. According to Einstein, light is composed of separate packets of energy called ____. A. electrons B. photoelectrons C. gamma rays D. quanta XII. Indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 1. Even if the job market is not stable, those who persist will be able to land jobs eventually. A. When it's hard to find a job, jobs on land are even harder. B. Patient people will secure jobs even in an instable job market. C. Only persistent job seekers can find jobs. D. In land jobs are only available to persistent jobs applicants. 2. Only their own mother can tell Simon and Mike apart. A. No one other than their own mother can separate Simon and Mike. B. Simon and Mike bear some resemblance to each other. C. It's very difficult to distinguish Simon and Mike. D. Except for their own mother, no one can talk to Simon and Mike. 3. "How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary. A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress. B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress. C. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress. D. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress. 4. Those who are riding a motorbike are not allowed to take off their helmet. A. People must never take their helmet off while they are riding a motorbike. B. Those who are wearing a helmet are not allowed to ride a motorbike. C. It is the helmet that one needn't wear when he is riding a motorbike. D. You should not wear a helmet when you are riding a motorbike. XIII. Indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of the following sentences. 1. The soccer team knew they lost the match. They soon started to blame each other.

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A. Not only did the soccer team lose the match but they blamed each other as well. B. No sooner had the soccer team started to blame each other than they knew they lost the match. C. As soon as they blamed each other, the soccer team knew they lost the match. D. Hardly had the soccer team known they lost the match when they started to blame each other. 2. We have been friends for years. It is quite easy to share secrets between us. A. Being friends for years, we find it quite easy to share secrets. B. We find it quite easy to share secrets, being friends for years. C. We have been friends so that it is quite easy to share secrets between us. D. Having been friends for years, we find it quite easy to share secrets between us. 3. The government knows the extent of the problem. The government needs to take action soon. A. Knowing the extent of the problem, the government needs to take action soon. B. The government knows the extent of the problem whereas it needs to take action soon. C. The government knows the extent of the problem so that it needs to take action soon. D. The government knows the extent of the problem or else it needs to take action soon. 4. He didn't notice anything. We might have been in trouble otherwise. A. If he noticed anything, we would be in trouble. B. If he hadn't noticed anything, we couldn't have been in trouble. C. If he had noticed anything, we could have been in trouble. D. If he noticed anything, we could have been in trouble. Test 3 Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A. B. C or D to indicate the word or phrase which does not contain the same 1. A. aid

B. aide

C. add

D. ade

2. A. aisle

B. all

C. isle

D. I'll

3. A. they're

B. their

C. there

D. the

4. A. bus

B. by

5. A. carrot

B. carat

6. A. sense

B. sent

7. A. does

B. doze

QU Y

sound as the other three.

8. A. form

D. buy

C. carries

D. caret

C. scents

D. cents

C. doughs

D. dust

B. four

C. fore

D. for

9. A. praise

B. prays

C. prize

D. preys

10. A. cite

B. site

C. sink

D. sight

KÈ

C. bye

Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

11. Martin Luther King devoted his life to the ____ of voting right for black people.

DẠ

A. effort

B. realization

C. achievement

D. performance

12. His father used to be a ____ professor at the university. Many students worshipped him.. A. distinct

B. distinctive

C. distinguishing

D. distinguished Page 28

13. Mark Zuckerberg's enormous success has taken a lot of hardwork and ____. A. indifference

B. dedication

C. loyalty

D. reputation

A. take over

B. take on

C. take up

D. take in

A. complaint

B. criminal

FI CI A

15. During the Medieval period, people were made public ____ of being witches.

14. I can't believe she didn't do anything for the company. I will ____ and be in charge.

C. trouble

D. accusation

16. That disable boy's victory in the race set the ____ example to all students in the school. A. finest

B. first-class

C. rarest

D. most convenient

17. A ____ once said “It is a sweet and honourable thing to die for your country.” A. patriotism

B. patriotic

C. patriot

D. patrol

A. mightily

B. strongly

C. terribly

18. He is ____-influenced by his father and grandfather. His behaviors and decisions are exactly the same. D. weakly

19. IPhone 7 is the latest ____ in the field of smartphone design of Apple. B. create

C. creativity

D. creation

C. a

D. has

20. Einstein ____ a great impact on modern physics. A. feels

B. does

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A. creator

A. reputable

B. repute

21. It is the underserved ____ that damaged his life and his family. C. reputation

D. disrepute

22. At the age of 50, Robby William ____ his career after spending his twenty years playing electric guitar. A. moved

B. changed

C. adjusted

D. stopped

QU Y

23. She has a wonderful voice but unfortunately, she never gets the ____ to sing in public. A. event

B. occasion

C. ability

D. chance

24. Michael Hart was the ____ of Project Gutenberg, one of the longest-lasting online library projects. A. founder

B. author

C. architect

D. father

25. She is not a very nice girl. She seems to enjoy the ____ of others. B. misfortune

A. unfortune

C. disfortune

D. infortune

KÈ

26. We ____ the kittens carefully and sold them for a good profit. A. brought up

B. grew up

C . rose

D. aroused

27. The stores will inevitably end up ____ with each other to increase their market shares. A. contesting

B. contending

C. competing

D. completing

28. Bill Gates has made large donations to numerous ____ organizations.

DẠ

A. charitable

B. charitably

C. charity

D. charities

29. Thanks to the help of the teacher, she is _____ encouraging progress in math. A. doing

B. making

C. checking

D. stopping Page 29

30. The ____ of the soil reduced the productivity of the farm. A. fertility

B. hardship

C. poverty

D. inadequacy

word(s) in each of the following questions. A. decided

B. continued

C. determined

D. wavered

32. Her courage not only inspired her followers but moved her rivals as well. A. depressed

B. motivated

C. overlooked

D. rejected

33. The government's plans to cut taxes really stimulated the economy. A. discouraged

B. started

FI CI A

31. The speaker paused. He hesitated to answer the direct question raised by the audience.

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined

C. weakened

D. improved

34. Chauvet Jeans was a well-known nineteen century painter whose paintings are extraordinarily sophisticated. A. old-fashioned

B. basic

C. primitive

D. complex

A. beliefs

ƠN

35. Some rock stars started off as rebels with strong and broad principles. B. honour

C. formulas

D. law

36. I used to idolize David Beckham because of his dedication and talent. B. impress

C. worship

A. hate

D. detest

37. Linda is very outgoing, however, her brother is quite reserved. A. open

B. sociable

C. easygoing

D. shy

38. Ideally, I'd like to work at home but there is no way my boss agrees with that. B. Luckily

QU Y

A. Generally

C. Preferably

D. Fortunately

39. Morgan Freeman began to land big roles and won critical and popular acclaim after years of small parts and limited success. A. arrive

B. gain

C. deliver

D. Cause

40. Recognizable smaller than most of the kids in his age group, Lionel Messi was diagnosed by doctors as B. sufficiency

C. abundance

D. strength

KÈ

A. inadequacy

suffering from a hormone deficiency that restricted his growth.

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

41. During the Great Depression, many people suddenly found themselves jobless after a night. A. unemployed

B. redundant

A. comforted

B. concerned

C. unoccupied

D. supplementary

DẠ

42. I was relieved by the news that they had gone home safe and sound. C. relaxed

D. lightened

43. She comes from an admirable and respectable family. Page 30

A. good

B. respected

C. unworthy

D. dignified

44. They are going to have to amputate his left leg which was badly injured in the accident. A. remove

B. separate

C. cut off

D. mend

B. proclaimed

C. leaked

D. hid

FI CI A

A. uncovered

46. There are several interesting things emerging from the report. A. fading

B. rising

C. coming up

D. developing

47. This boy is poorly-educated and doesn't know how to behave properly. A. uneducated

B. knowledgeable

C. ignorant

D. rude

48. I prefer reading fictional stories to hearing about real events. B. unreal

C. existent

D. legendary

A. imaginary

45. Her identity will never be revealed in order to protect her children from being judged.

49. It is not fair to give such a challenging task to an inexperienced staff like her. A. comprehensible

B. difficult

C. provocative

D. intriguing

A. fight

ƠN

50. White blood cells help defend the body against infection. B. cover

C. protect

Part III. GRAMMAR

D. abandon

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 51. We ____ to the hospital to visit Mike when he ____ to say that he was fine. A. were driving - was calling C. were driving – called

B. drove - called

D. drove - was calling

A. happen

QU Y

52. What ____ to you on Sunday night?

B. happened

C. was happening

D. would happen

53. Last night, we ____ for you for ages but you never ____ up. A. waited – showed

C. were waiting - were showing

B. would wait - showed D. waited – was showing

KÈ

A. had – came

54. We ____ our quality time when the unexpected guess ____. C. had been having – came

B. were having - came D. have had – would have come

55. Since they ____ us they ____ to visit us last Sunday, we ____ forward to the day. B . would tell – would visit - would look

C. told – would come - were looking

A. were telling - came - looked

D. tell - are coming - will look

A. was going to go – realized

B. went – realized

C. had gone – would realize

D. would go - have realized

DẠ

56. I ____ out last night but at the last minute I ____ that I had a quiz this morning.

Page 31

A. does – starts

B. did - started

C. was doing - was starting

D. has done - would start

58. My brother ____ at the road when he ____ into a hole. B. didn't look - has fallen

C. wasn't looking – fell

D. won't look - fall

FI CI A

A. wasn't looking - was falling

57. She hasn't paid as much attention to her children as she ____ since she ____ working.

59. Magellan ____ the first European who ____ through the strait. A. was - was sailing

B. was being - was sailing

C. had been – sailed

D. was - sailed

60. The first self-sufficient village in Britain ____ the Norman's idea. They were some strange invaders who

____ to change the country in a better way. A. was – hoped

B. is - have hoped

C. have been - were hoping

D. was being - had hoped

A. the

ƠN

61. Who is ____ girl over there with Jimmy? B. a

C. an

D. Ø

62. The boss needs an assistant with ____ good knowledge of foreign trade. B. the

C. any

A. a

D. Ø

63. We are having ____ terrible weather which is quite strange. Usually ____ weather in UK is not this bad. A. the – the

B. a – the

C. Ø - the

D. the - a

64. Could you please close ____ window? I don't think it is necessary to open all the four. B. the

QU Y

A. a

C. some

D. Ø

65. ____ Gordons is a very interesting family. They like to travel around ____ world. A. A – the

B . The - the

C. A – a

D. A-Ø

66. To absorb more oil from spring rolls, we can use materials like ____ newspaper to wrap them after frying.

B. any

A. the

C. Ø

D. a

KÈ

67. After a hard-working day, I went to ____ bed and had ____ most beautiful dream ever. A. the - the

B. a – the

C. a – a

D. Ø - the

68. I have visited ____ Portugal but I have never been to ____ Netherlands. A. the – the

B . Ø - the

C. a – the

D. a - a

69. Every week, his mother goes to ____ university to visit him while my mother has never come to visit me

DẠ

since I went to ____ university. A. the - Ø

B. the - the

C. Ø - Ø

D. a - the

Page 32

70. He left on ____10 o'clock train yesterday to see his father who was taken to ____ hospital last week when he broke ____ right leg. A. the - the - the

B. the - a - a

C. a - a - the

D. the - Ø - Ø

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of

FI CI A

the following questions.

71. Last month, while my friend was traveling round England by the car, he crashed the car into a tree. A

72. She was walking to the library to borrow some books when she was seeing a robbery. A

73. He can speak French very well and is studying Latin. B

74. Please turn off television. I also like watching TV but now I am having to study for the exam. A

ƠN

75. The researchers of Harvard University reported that the tigers are one of the most dangerous species in the A

D jungle.

76. I think a good health is important, and so is education while money, to some extent, is not. A

QU Y

77. He was reading out the data while Sara wrote it down carefully. A

78. He would live in the countryside but now he is living in a big city. A

79. Many people used to think learning English is full of the difficulties. B

KÈ

80. The biggest problem with eating too much sugar is that it can cause the diabetes. A

81. The most people need healthy eating and enough exercise every day. A

DẠ

82. The doctor said that she was making a relatively slow progress because she was quite old. A

83. Now J. K. Rowling is a multi-millionaire, but she was not born into the fame and fortune. A

D Page 33

84. Last night, suddenly my mother was deciding to ban me from using the Internet so we ended up having a A

huge row. A

86. In contrast to my brother is hardworking, I am quite a lazy boy. A

87. I went into the city center today because I need to get my phone repaired. A

A B

88. It was so short-sighted for Mai to leave school.

FI CI A

85. It was the day like any other and Martin was doing his normal round as a safeguard.

ƠN

89. The moment I was seeing him, I realized I had met him somewhere before. 90. I was having a black cat three years ago but now it is no longer with me. B

Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. 91. Have you decided who to talk about?

B. Let's talk about your study.

C. I need to talk to you now.

D. Not yet. I am still considering.

QU Y

A. I see. I will talk to him.

92. What do you think about Steve Jobs? A. That's right! C. Well, he is talented.

B. I doubt it. It is not true. D. I agree with you about him.

93. Good luck to you in your exam!

KÈ

A. Thank you! Same to you. C. Well, I'll see.

B. Yeah. That's the one. D. Don't worry! I'll be fine.

94. What a wonderful party!

B. I don't know. Let me check.

C. I am happy you like it.

D. Same to you. Thanks!

A. I am fine. Thank you!

DẠ

95. What's new with you? A. Me too.

B. Nothing much.

C. See you later

D. Help yourself.

96. Hello. May I speak to Fred, please? Page 34

A. Thanks, I'd love to.

B. Good. I'll call you.

C. Just a minute.

D. Fine, I'll be

ready 97. What are you doing? B. I am seeing Tom. Do you have anything to tell him?

C. I am reading the note Tom left to me.

D. I am doing fine.

FI CI A

A. I see. I will tell Tom about it.

98. I am so happy. I have just passed my history exam. A. Congratulations!

B. What's the matter?

C. Get well soon!

99. Would you mind moving your suitcase? A. Yes, please!

B. No, not at all.

C. Of course!

D. Oh, I am sorry to hear.

100. Do you know anything about Mrs. Jackson?

B. Oh, I know how you feel. C. No, nothing .

101. Would you like some cookies? I have just baked them. B. Take it easy.

102. Shall we talk about Larry or Oprah? A. Never mind. There is always something to do. 103. What kind of books do you like? A. No, I don't have any hobbies. C. Novels. I believe.

D. Here you are.

B. We'd better talk about them both.

D. Oh, I see what you mean.

C. Wow! They are adorable.

C. Yes, I think so.

D. Excuse me.

ƠN

A. Thank you. Yes, I would.

A. Yes, that's the way it is.

D. Thanks a lot

B. Nothing special. D. I believe novels are boring.

104. I think it is the best movie I have ever seen. B. Me too.

QU Y

A. Me neither.

C. Not me.

D. Same to you.

105. Did you watch The Voice last night?

A. For a while, then I had to study.

B. Not now. I am studying.

C. Yes, sir.

D. Yes, please.

Part V. READING

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or

KÈ

phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Nowadays, everybody knows Apples and (106) ____ everybody knows that the company was founded by Steve Jobs, an American inventor and entrepreneur. He is (107) ____ recognized as a pioneer in the field of microcomputer revolution. He helped design the first Macintosh computer,

(108) ____ a small computer graphics company into Pixar, the company behind Toy Story and The

DẠ

Monster Inc. His countercultural lifestyle and philosophy was a product of the time and place of his (109) ____. Jobs was adopted and raised in San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s. In 1972, Jobs attended Page 35

Reed College from which he (110) ____ in next to no time. Jobs co-founded Apple in 1976 in order to sell Apple I personal computer. At that moment, he might (111) ____ imagine that only a year later the company tasted impressive victory with Apple II, one of the first highly successful (112)

____ personal computers. (113) ____, in 1985, following a long power struggle, Jobs was forced out

FI CI A

of Apple. After leaving Apple, Jobs took (114) ____ of its members with him to found NeXT, a

computer development company which was then bought by Apple. The purchase (115) ____ Jobs to become the company's CEO once again.

Steve Jobs died in 2011 after battling with pancreatic cancer (116) ____ nearly a decade. Millions first learned of Job's death on a (117) ____ which had been invented by himself. 106. A. most

B. almost

C. the most

D. mostly

107. A. widely

B. hardly

C. legally

108. A. translated

B. transferred

C. transformed

109. A. increase

B. upbringing

C. rising

110. A. dropped in

B. dropped up

C. dropped out

D. dropped by

111. A. hardly

B. truly

C. effortlessly

D. frequently

112. A. massly-produced

B. mass-produced

C. massive-produced

D. mass-producing

113. A. Generally

B. Frankly

C. Fortunately

D. Unfortunately

114. A. few

B. a few

C. a little

D. little

115. A. was allowing

B. has allowed

C. allowed

D. had allowed

116. A. for

B. since

C. during

D. of

117. A. devil

B. deviation

C. deviant

D. device

ƠN

QU Y

D. nationally D. transited

D. grow

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Born on June 30, 1985 in Baltimore, Maryland, to Fred and Debbie Phelps, the youngest of three children, Michael Phelps and his sisters grew up in the neighbourhood of Rodger Forge. His father,

Fred, a former all-rounded athlete, was a state trooper and his mother Debbie was a middle-school

KÈ

principal. When Phelps's parents divorced in 1994, he and his siblings lived with their mother, with whom Michael grew very close. Even at the age of 7, Phelps was still a little scared to put his head under water, so his instructors allowed him to float around on his back. Not surprisingly, despite the fact that later he is very good at butterfly swimming, the first stroke he mastered was not the easily-

practised breaststroke but the backstroke.

DẠ

At the age of 15, Phelps became the youngest American male swimmer to compete at an Olympic Games in 68 years. While he didn't win any medals at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney,

Australia, he would soon become a major force in competitive swimming. Page 36

In the spring of 2001, Phelps set the world record in the 200-meter butterfly, becoming the youngest male swimmer in history at the age of 15 years and 9 months. At the 2001 World Championships in Japan, he then broke his own record with a time of 1:54:58, earning his first international medal. In

2002, Phelps continued to establish several records including the 100-meter butterfly and the 200-

FI CI A

meter individual medley. The following year, at the same event, he broke his own world record in the 400-meter individual medley with a time of 4:09.09.

After the London Olympics in 2012, Phelps announced he was retiring from his sport. However, at the 2016 Olympic Games, he came out of retirement and returned to professional competition. This was also the event which he won one silver and five gold medals, becoming the oldest individual golds in the same event, the 200-meter individual medley. 118. Phelps's father used to be a comprehensive ____. A. principal

B. trooper

C. athlete

gold medalist in Olympic swimming history, as well as the first swimmer to win four consecutive

D. instructor

A. butterfly

B. freestyle

C. breaststroke

120. He didn't win any medals at the Olympics of ____ B. 2000

C. 2012

A. 2002

ƠN

119. The first style of swimming Phelps was good at is ____.

D. backstroke D. 2016

121. At the 2001 World Championships in Japan, he broke the record of ____. A. 200-meter butterfly

B. 100-meter butterfly

C. 200-meter individual

D. 400-meter individual

QU Y

122. The word consecutive in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____. A. stoppable

B. unending

C. uninterrupted

D. unrestricted

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Theresa May, the second female Britain's prime minister following Margaret Thatcher, revealed in

2013 that she had been given a diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes, a condition that requires daily insulin

KÈ

injections. Asked later how she felt about the diagnosis, she said her approach to it was the same as toward everything in her life: “Just get on and deal with it.” That kind of steeliness brought her to center stage in the aftermath of Britain's vote to leave the European Union and the feuding that erupted in the Conservative Party over who would succeed David Cameron.

Ms. May, 59 years old, is the country's longest-serving home secretary in half a century, with a

DẠ

reputation for seriousness, hardwork and above all, determination. She is one of a growing number of women in traditionally male-dominated British politics rising to the upper position of leadership.

Page 37

Born in 1956, Ms. May grew up mainly in Oxfordshire, an only child who was first drawn to the Conservative Party at age 12. As a conscientious student, she never rebelled against her religious upbringing and remains a regular churchgoer. Tellingly, her sports hero was Geoffrey Boycott, a

solid, stubborn cricketer who specialized in playing the long game.

FI CI A

Like many other Britain's prime minister including Tony Blair, Sir Robert Peel and Margaret

Thatcher, she won a place at Oxford. But while almost every other political leader got there by way of Eton College and joined Oxford's hedonistic Bullingdon Club, she attended a state secondary school and had a more sedate university career. After unsuccessful attempts to be elected to the House of Commons in 1992 and 1994, she finally became an MP in 1997 general election.

May is known for a love of fashion and in particular distinctive shoes. She even wore leopard-print

shoes to her final Cabinet meeting as Home Secretary in early 2016. However, she has been quite critical of the media focusing on her fashion instead of her achievement as a politician. May also describes cooking and walking as primary hobbies, and if someone is raising questions about why

ƠN

walking can be classified as a hobby, she elaborates in a column for Balance magazine, in which she wrote of her battle with diabetes.

123. According to the passage, who is the prime minister coming before Theresa May? B. Margaret Thatcher

Cameron

C. Sir Robert Peel

A. Tony Blair

D. David

124. The most prominent characteristic of Theresa May is ____. A. stubbornness

B. seriousness

C. determination

D. hard work

QU Y

125. Which of the following statements is NOT true? A. British political life is conventionally controlled mainly by men. B. The number of women in politics is increasing. C. Conservative Party didn't have to discuss about who would be the next prime minister. position.

D. Theresa May's toughness was one of the reasons for the Party to choose her for the prime minister

KÈ

126. Which of the following facts is TRUE about Theresa May? A. She graduated from Eton College. B. As a child, she was quite rebellious. C. She didn't work part time as a university student.

D. She used not to be a home secretary.

DẠ

127. She first became a member of parliament in ____. A. 1992

B. 1994

C. 1997

D. 2013

128. Her reason to consider walking as one of her main hobbies is ____. Page 38

A. she is quite critical

B. it helps her fight diabetes

C. someone asks about it

D. it is written on Balance magazine

B. advance

C. technique

D. trick

130. The word hedonistic in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____. A. ordinary

B. luxurious

C. economical

FI CI A

A. means

129. The word approach in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____.

D. simple

Part VI. WRITING

Exercise 11. Mark the letter A. B. C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. 131. Connor is said to be very ambitious and aggressive. B. People talk Connor as an ambitious and aggressive person.

A. People regard Connor as an ambitious and aggressive person.

C. People believe in Conor as an ambitious and aggressive person.

ƠN

D. People feel Conor as an ambitious and aggressive person. 132. You can always count on me. C. I'll never hold you down.

B. I'll never let you down.

D. I'll never make you down.

A. I'll never take you down. 133. Nobody in my class is as outgoing as I am.

A. I am as outgoing as nobody in my class.

B. I am the more outgoing than nobody in my class.

QU Y

C. I am the most outgoing person in my class. D. I am not as outgoing as people in my class. 134. It is pointless to ask me about it because I know nothing. A. It's no use asking me about it because I know nothing. B. It's no use to ask me about it because I know nothing.

C. It's not use asking me about it because I know nothing.

KÈ

D. It's not use to ask me about it because I know nothing. 135. I have accustomed myself to getting up very early. A. I have used to getting up very early.

B. I have been used to getting up very early.

C. I have put getting up very early to good use.

D. I have made use of getting up very early.

136. I think we should change the topic of our presentation.

DẠ

A. It's high time that we change the topic of our presentation. B. I'd rather our presentation change the topic.

C. It's high time that we changed the topic of our presentation. Page 39

D. I suggest we to change the topic of our presentation. 137. When I was young, I wasn't allowed to watch much TV. A. When I was young, my parents did not make me watch much TV.

D. When I was young, my parents did not take me to watch much TV. 138. I only glimpsed her briefly, but I am sure it was Mary. A. Mary only had a brief glimpse, but I am sure. B. I only had a brief glimpse of her, but I am sure it was Mary. D. Mary only glimpsed me briefly but I am sure it was her.

C. I only glimpsed briefly but I am sure it was Mary.

FI CI A

C. When I was young, my parents did not ask me to watch much TV.

B. When I was young, my parents did not let me watch much TV.

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

ƠN

139. A car hit the fence of my garden. I was cleaning the swimming pool. A. While a car hit the fence I was cleaning the swimming pool. B. A car hit the fence and I was cleaning the swimming pool.

C. I was cleaning the swimming pool when a car hit the fence. D. I was cleaning the swimming pool then a car hit the fence.

140. My daughter asks for money every day. I am really annoyed by it. A. I am really annoyed by my daughter asks for money every day.

QU Y

B. My daughter is asking for money every day. C. I am really annoyed by it, my daughter asks for money every day. D. My daughter is always asking for money every day. 141. She looked up. She saw a big tiger approaching. A. Looking up, a big tiger approached her.

B. Looked up, she saw a big tiger approaching.

KÈ

C. Looking up, she saw a big tiger approaching. D. Look up, she saw a big tiger approaching. 142. I have presented about Oprah Winfrey. I hope the story would inspire you all. A. I have presented about Oprah Winfrey to hope the story would inspire you all.

B. I have presented about Oprah Winfrey hoping the story would inspire you all.

DẠ

C. I have presented about Oprah Winfrey hope for the story would inspire you all. D. I have presented about Oprah Winfrey hoped the story would inspire you all.

143. Harry's life is rather dull. That's the reason why I don't want to talk about him. Page 40

A. The reason why I don't want to talk about Harry is that his life is quite dull. B. Harry's life is rather dull because I don't want to talk about it. C. What I don't like to talk about is Harry's dull life.

FI CI A

144. She got so tired of waiting for him. She just got married to another man.

D. Reasonably, I don't want to talk about Harry's rather dull life. A. She got so tired of waiting for him that at the end she got married to another man. B. She got so tired of waiting for him while she got married to another man.

C. She got so tired of waiting for him afterwards she got married to another man. D. She got so tired of waiting for him as a result she got married to another man. 145. Why do you take an umbrella? It is not even raining.

A. You need not to take an umbrella because it is not even raining. B. You must not take an umbrella because it is not even raining. C. You need not take an umbrella because it is not even raining.

ƠN

D. You cannot take an umbrella because it is not even raining …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Unit 2

Unit 2. URBANIZATION - KEY

PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW

DẠ

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A. VOCABULARY - industrialization /ɪnˌdʌstriələˈzeɪʃən/ (n.): sự công nghiệp hóa - accelerate /əkˈseləreɪt/ (v): làm gia tăng, tăng tốc - in anticipation of something: để dành cho, để đề phòng, lường trước - urbanization /ˌɜːbənaɪˈzeɪʃən/ (n.): sự đô thị hóa - pressurize /ˈpreʃəraɪz/ (v): nén, gây áp lực - result in (v) = bring about, cause: gây ra, dẫn đến - sanitation /ˌsænɪˈteɪʃn/ (n.): điều kiện vệ sinh - irrigation /ˌɪrɪˈgeɪʃən (n): sự tưới tiêu - slum /slʌm/ (n): khu nhà ổ chuột - insufficient /ˈɪnsəˈfɪʃənt/ (adj): không đủ, thiếu - wastewater /weɪstˌwɔ:tə/ (n): nước bẩn - infrastructure /ˈɪnfrəˌstrʌktʃə/ (n): cơ sở hạ tầng - facilities /fəˈsɪlɪtiz/ (n): phương thức, phương tiện - migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt/ (v): di trú, di cư - immigrate /ˈɪmɪgreɪt/ (v): nhập cư - immigrant /ˈɪmɪgrənt/ (n): dân nhập cư - management capacity /ˈmænɪdʒmənt kəˈpæsɪti/ (n): năng lực quản lý - urbanization process /ɜ:b(ə)naɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n ˈprəʊsɛs/ (n): quá trình đô thị hóa - deeply-rooted /ˈdi:pli- ˈru:tɪd/ (adj): ăn sâu, bám rễ - unemployment /ˌʌnɪmˈplɔɪmənt/ (n): sự thất nghiệp - densely heavily polluted: ô nhiễm nặng - thinly sparsely polluted: ô nhiễm nhẹ Page 41

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- long-term /'lɒŋtɜ:m/ (adj): dài hạn - short-term /ʃɔ:t-tɜ:m/ (adj): ngắn hạn - foreign direct investment (FDI) /'fɒrɪn dɪ'rɛkt ɪn'vɛstmənt/ (n): đầu tư trực tiếp nước ngoài - exacerbate /ɛks'æsə(:)beɪt (v): làm trầm trọng - relocate /ri:ləʊ'keɪt/ (v): di chuyển tới, xây dựng lại - inflow /'ɪnfləʊ/ (v): chảy vào - adverse /'ædvɜ:s/ (adj): tiêu cực - amenity /ə'mi:nəti/ (n): đầy đủ tiện nghi - sustainable development /səs'teɪnəbl dɪ'vɛləpmənt/ (n): phát triển bền vững - instability /ˌɪnstə'bɪlɪti/ (n): tính không ổn định, không kiên định - housing development /dɪ'vel.əp.mənt/ (n.): sự phát triển nhà ở - fatality or mortality rate /fə'tæl.ə.ti/; /mɔ: 'tæl.ə.ti/ (n.): tỷ lệ tử vong Ex: During his tenure, the fatality rate rose up to 150%. - multicultural /ˌmʌlti'kʌltʃərəl/ (adj.): đa văn hóa. - overpopulated /ˌəʊvə'pɒpjuleɪtɪd/ (adj.): quá đông dân - population density /'densəti/ (n.): mật độ dân số Ex: The population density of Vietnam is quite high compared to the average. - Confront with something = face, come up against something: đối mặt, chạm trán với cái gì - in hopes of V-ing: trong hi vọng làm gì Ex: The fox tried in hopes of reaching the grapes, but it was all in vain. - take advantage of something /əd'væn.t̬ ɪdʒ/= make use of something: tận dụng, lấy ưu thế từ cái gì - strain /streɪn/ (n.): gánh nặng, áp lực B. GRAMMAR REVIEW I. CÂU GIẢ ĐỊNH (Subjunctive) Câu giả định hay còn gọi là câu cầu khiến là loại câu mà đối tượng thứ nhất muốn đối tượng thứ hai làm một việc gì nhưng không mang tính ép buộc như câu mệnh lệnh. Trong câu giả định, người ta dùng dạng nguyên thể không có TO của động từ sau một số động từ chính mang tính cầu khiến. THAT phải luôn xuất hiện trong dạng câu này.

Subject + Verb (any tense) + that + subject + (should) + verb fin simple form]

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1. Những động từ và danh từ thường được theo sau bởi Subjunctive là: advise v. advice n. command v. command n. demand v. demand n. suggest v. suggestion n. prefer v. preference n. recommend v. recommendation n. require requirement n. decree v. decree n. ask v. order v. order n. insist v. insistence n. request v. request n. propose v. proposal n. urge v. urgency n. Ex: His parents insisted that he (should) find a job and settle down in a big city. It is recommended that people (should take regular exercise. She demanded that I should tell her the truth. The recommendation that all people affected by the storm (should) be evacuated immediately was approved. 2. Những tính từ thường được theo sau bởi Subjunctive là: advisable urgent imperative essential necessary obligatory vital fundamental important mandatory crucial desirable Page 42

It + be (any tense) + adjective + that + subject + verb [in simple form] It is necessary that everyone be here on time. It is essential that pollution be controlled and eventually eliminated. It is vital that no one else know about the secret government operation. Lưu ý: Nếu bỏ THAT trong công thức trên thì: It be adj for somebody to Vinf. • It is necessary that everyone be here on time. → It is necessary for everyone to be here on time. • It is essential that pollution be controlled and eventually eliminated. → It is essential for pollution to be controlled and eventually eliminated. • It is vital that no one else know about the secret government operation. → It is vital for no one else to know about the secret government operation. 3. Dùng với một số trường hợp khác • Câu giả định còn dùng được trong một số câu cảm thán, thường bao hàm các thế lực siêu nhiên. Ex: God save the queen! (Chúa phù hộ cho nữ hoàng.) God be with you! = Good bye (Khi chia tay nhau.) Curse this frog! (Chết tiệt con cóc này?) • Dùng với một số thành ngữ: - Come what may: Dù có chuyện gì đi nữa. Ex: Come what may we will stand by you. - If need be: Nếu cần Ex: If need be we can take another road. • Dùng với “if this be” trong trường hợp muốn nêu ra một giả định từ phía người nói nhưng không thật chắc chắn lắm về khả năng. Ex: If this be prevent right, you would be considered innocent. 4. Câu giả định dung với it is time

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It is time + (for smb) to do sth: Đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì (thời gian không giả định) It is time for me to get to the airport (just in time).

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It is time/ high time/ about time + subject + simple past (Đã đến lúc – giả định thời gian đến trễ một chút)

Nhận xét: Hight/ about được dùng trước time để thêm vào ý nhấn mạnh. Ex: It’s high time I left for the airport. = (It is a little bit late). BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Complete the sentence with a suitable verb from the box. feel

make

remain

say

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1. He suggests that everybody _______ an effort. 2. We insist that more money _______ invested in education. 3. They demanded that the president _______ something about the situation. 4. The psychologists recommended that the criminal _______ in prison. 5. It is important that each patient _______ comfortable.

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Bài 2: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences. 1. It's important that she _______ to take her medicine twice a day. A. remember B. remembering C. to remember

D. remembers Page 43

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2. I suggest that Frank _______ the instructions carefully before playing that game. A. reading B. to read C. read D. reads 3. Mrs. Smith demanded that the heater _______ immediately. Her apartment was freezing. A. repaired B. be repaired C. repair D. repaired 4. It's vital that the United States _______ on improving its public education system. A. focuses B. focus C. focusing D. focused 5. The monk insisted that the tourists _______ the temple until they had removed their shoes. A. not entering B. not to enter C. not enter D. don't enter 6. I am not going to sit here and let her insult me. I demand that she immediately _______ for what she has just said. A. apologized B. apologizing C. to apologize D. apologize 7. Was it really necessary that I _______ there watching you rehearse for the play? A. sits B. am sitting C. be sitting D. was sitting 8. I propose that we all _______ together so that nobody gets lost along the way. A. is driving B. drive C. to drive D. are driving 9. She told me that he _______ back. A. return B. returns C. returning D. returned 10. I think it's an interesting fact that she _______ from Japan. A. come B. to come C. comes D. be coming 11. The chairman moved that the meeting _______ postponed. A. be B. is C. was D. were 12. It's high time the children _______ their lesson. It's 8 p.m now. A. prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. to prepare 13. I'd rather my teacher _______ me fewer compositions tonight. A. gave B. give C. giving D. gives 14. They required that each member _______ twenty-five dollar. A. to pay B. paying C. paid D. pay 15. His doctor suqqested that he _______ a rest. A. will take B. would take C. take D. took 16. The law requires that everyone _______ his car checked at least once a month. A. has B. have C. had D. will have

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Bài 3: Put the verbs in the correct form. 1. I wish he _______ (be) able to type faster. 2. If I _______ (be) you, then I would not do that. 3. Mr. David recommended that you _______ (join) the committee. 4. _______ (be) he here, he would be proud of his son. 5. It is important that you _______ (try) to study often. 6. Dr. John asked that Tim _______ (submit) his research paper before the end of the term. 7. Lisa requested that Tom _______ (come) to the party. 8. It is important that she _______ (attend) the meeting. 9. Ann asked that we _______ (attend) her graduation ceremony next week. 10. The teacher insists that her students _______ (come) on time. Page 44

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Bài 4: Change the following sentences into the subjunctive mood. 1. She asked him to fix the computer.  She requested ________________. 2. Sarah wanted the post office to hold onto her mail.  Sarah asked ________________. 3. The judge told the lawyer to be quiet.  The judge insisted________________. 4. My supervisor said it would be a good idea for me to accept this new position.  My supervisor suggested ________________. 5. "He should fix it himself," I said.  I suggested ________________.

11. It's important that Jane _______ (remember) to take her medicine twice a day. 12. Michael spent money as if he _______ (win) a lottery.

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Bài 5: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences. 1. I demand that he _______ immediately. A. apologize B. shall apologize C. will apologize D. has apologized 2. I suggested that she _______ her lawyer before signing the contract. A. consults B. shall consult C. will consult D. should consult 3. It is necessary that everything _______ ready by two o'clock tomorrow. A. be B. was C. were D. would have been 4. They recommend that she _______ to a ski resort in Spain. A. will go B. would have gone C. should go D. should have gone 5. It is advisable that you _______ your application as soon as possible. A. submit B. will submit C. will have submitted D. should have submitted 6. He decided to go inside the haunted house, _______ what may. A. come B. comes C. should come D. would come 7. It is strange that he _______ so upset about such a trifle, isn't it? A. were B. shall be C. should be D. have been 8. Far _______ it from me to criticize your plan, but I think you should change a few things in it. A. be B. is C. was D. were 9. The doctor insisted that she _______ to the hospital for tests. A. go B. goes C. will go D. has gone 10. She suggested that we _______ in the lobby of the hotel at 9:00 a.m. A. shall meet B. will meet C. should meet D. would have met ■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 6: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences. 1. It is necessary that the problem _______ solved right away. Page 45

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A. would be B. might be C. be D. is 2. I didn't go to the party yesterday, but I wish I _______ there. A. was B. were C. had been D. went 3. I don't know the answer. I wish I _______ it. A. know B. will know C. knew D. had known 4. I wish I _______ to the moon. A. can fly B. fly C. will fly D. could fly 5. He talks as if he _______ everything. A. know B. knew C. has known D. will know fly 6. Without your help, we _______ such rapid progress. A. don't make B. won't make C. wouldn't have made D. didn't make 7. If only I _______ you! A. could help B. can help C. will help D. help 8. It's high time we _______. A. leave B. left C. should leave D. are leaving 9. We all insisted that she _______ the meeting. A. attend B. attends C. attended D. would attend 10. He asked that the messaqe _______ to Mr. Mark as fast as possible. A. take B. was taken C. be taken D. would take

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Bài 7: Put the verbs in the correct form. 1. Jenny asked that we (attend) _______ her graduation ceremony next week. 2. It is important to remember that Jane (think) _______ very differently from you. She may not agree to the changes you have made in the organization of the company. 3. John insists that Sarah (invite) _______ to the wedding; otherwise he will not attend. 4. The woman insisted that the lost child (take) _______ to store's information desk so his parents could be paged. 5. The doctor recommended that Linda (reduce) _______ her daily fat intake. 6. The environmental leader felt it was extremely important that the people of the city (allow) _______ to voice their concerns over the new hotel being built on the bay. 7. It is necessary that a life guard (monitor) _______ the summing pool while the children are taking their swimming lessons. 8. The sun is scorching today. I suggest you (put) _______ on sunblock immediately before you get a sun burn.

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 Tim's mother demanded ___________________. 5. "Take a vacation," our boss told us.  Ourbossinsi sted ___________________. Key bài tập vận dụng Bài 1: Complete the sentence with a suitable verb from the box.

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1. make 2. be 3. say 4. remain

5. feel

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Bài 2: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences. 1. A Trong câu giả định, sau tính từ "important", mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ "to" "Việc cô ấy nhớ uống thuốc một ngày 2 lẩn thì quan trọng." 2. C Trong câu giả định với động từ "suggest", mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ "to" "Tôi gợi ý rằng Frank nên đọc hướng dẫn trước khi chơi trò chơi đó." 3. B Trong câu giả định, sau động từ "demand" và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ "to". Trường hợp câu bị động, thì động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 chia "be+ V(ed)" "Bà Smith đã yêu cầu rằng lò sưởi nên được sửa ngay lập tức. Căn hộ của cô ấy đang rất lạnh." 4. B Trong câu giả định, sau tính từ "vital", mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ "to" "Thật là cần thiết rằng nước Mỹ cần tập trung vào việc cải thiện hệ thống giáo dục công lập." 5. C Trong câu giả định với động từ "insist", mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định, bắt buộc có that và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ "to". Ở dạng phủ định là "not"+V nguyên thể không có "to" "Thầy tu khàng khăng rằng các du khách không được vào miếu cho đến khi họ tháo giày ra." 6. D Trong câu giả định với động từ "demand", mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ "to" "Tôi không ngồi ở đây và để cô ấy xúc phạm tôi. Tôi yêu cầu cô ấy phải ngay lập tức xin lỗi vể những điều mà cô ấy vừa nói." 7. C Trong câu giả định, sau các tính từ "necessary" mệnh để phải ở dạng giả định và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ "to". Trong câu mệnh đề biểu thị tiếp diễn thì theo cấu trúc: "It's + adj + that + s + be + V-ing". "Có thực sự cẩn thiết khi tôi ngồi ở đó xem bạn tập diễn cho vở kịch không?" 8. B Page 47

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Trong câu giả định, sau động từ "propose", mệnh đề phải ở dạng giả định, bắt buộc có "that" và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ "to". "Tôi kiến nghị rằng tất cả chúng ta lái xe cùng nhau để không ai bị lạc dọc đường." 9. D Trong câu có dạng: S1 + told + O + that S2 + V + O thì động từ phải lùi thì (câu gián tiếp) "Cô ấy bảo tôi rằng anh ấy đã trở lại." 10. C It's + N phrase (a/an + adj + N) + that clause (S2 + V2 + O), thì động từ 2 được chia theo chủ ngữ 2. Đây không phải cấu trúc giả định. "Tôi nghĩ đó là một thực tế thú vị rằng cô ấy đến từ Nhật Bản." 11. A Trong câu giả định, sau động từ "move", mệnh để phải ở dạng giả định và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể bỏ "to". Truờng hợp câu bị động, thì theo cấu trúc: be + PP (quá khứ phân từ). "Chủ tịch đã đề nghị rằng cuộc họp bị hoãn lại." 12. A Cấu trúc: It's high time + S + V2/ed/ were (quá khứ giả định): Đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì "Đã đến lúc bọn trẻ phải chuẩn bị bài học. Bây giờ đã là 8h tối rồi." 13. A Cấu trúc: S1 + would rather + S2 + V2/ed/ were (giả định trái với thực tế ở hiện tại): Đề nghị ai đó một cách lịch sự ở hiện tại. "Tôi muốn giáo viên tôi tối nay đưa cho tôi ít bài luận hơn." 14. D Đây là cấu trúc giả định dùng động từ "require" nên động từ trong mệnh đề sau "that" phải chia ở dạng nguyên thể, không có "to". "Họ yêu câu mỗi thành viên trả 25 đô la." 15. C Đây là cấu trúc giả định với động từ "suggest" nên động từ trong câu giả định phải ở dạng nguyên thể không có "to". "Bác sỹ gợi ý anh ấy nên nghỉ ngơi." 16. B Đây là cấu trúc giả định với động từ "require" nên động từ trong câu giả định phải ở dạng nguyên thể không có "to". "Luật yêu câu mọi người phải kiểm tra xe ô tô ít nhất một tháng một lần."

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Bài 3: Put the verbs in the correct form. 1. were

3. join

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4. Were

2. were

7. come 8. attend 9. attend 10. come

5. try

11. remember

6. submit

12. had won Page 48

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Bài 4: Change the following sentences into the subjunctive mood. 1. She requested that he fix the computer. 2. Sarah asked that the post office hold onto her mail. 3. The iudqe insisted that the lawyer be quiet. 4. My supervisor suqqested that 1 accept this new position. 5. I suqqested that he fix it himself.

6. A

2. D

7. C

3. A

8. A

4. C

9. A

5. A

10. C

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Bài 5: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences.

Bài 6: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences. 6. C

2. C

7. A

1. C 3. C

8. B

4. D

9. A

10. C

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5. B

Bài 7: Put the verbs in the correct form. 1. attend

5. reduce

2. thinks

6. be allowed

3. be invited

8. put

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4. be taken

7. monitor

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Bài 8: Change each command into a sentence that uses the subjunctive mood. 1. David demanded that the clerk give him a refund. 2. Tom requested that I help him move some boxes. 3. Susan's boss asked that she work at the weekend. 4. Tim's mother demanded that he stop drinking so much. 5. Our boss insisted that we take a vacation. Key test Test 1 Page 49

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A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. prestige B. connect C. harvest D. congestion 2. A. housing B. crisis C. cost D. custom 3. A. navigate B. necessitate C. inadequate D. debate 4. A. muzzle B. lizard C. pizza D. puzzle 5. A. bargain B. campaign C. ascertain D. complain II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. decrease B. facilitate C. fluctuate D. ensure 2. A. propose B. summarize C. centralize D. illustrate 3. A. transformation B. urbanization C. revolution D. population 4. A. agricultural B. unemployed C. sustainable D. economic 5. A. miserable B. infrastructure C. amenity D. necessary B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. metropolis relatively ticking density ranking slums productivity urbanization 1. The ______ density ________ of population is quite high in urban areas. 2. Rich countries, despite having solved all their basic needs, experience a similar accumulation of social pressure as if it was a _____ ticking _____ time bomb. 3. If Nigeria's population continues to grow and people move to cities at the same rate as now, Lagos could become the world's largest _____ metropolis _____, home to 85 or 100 million people. 4. Nearly half of the world's 3.9 billion urban dwellers reside in ______ relatively _____ small settlements with fewer than 500,000 inhabitants. 5. With nearly 38 million people, Tokyo tops UN's _____ ranking ______ of most populous cities followed by Delhi, Shanghai, Mexico City, São Paulo and Mumbai. 6. ______ slums _______ are urban areas that are heavily populated with substandard housing and very poor living conditions. II. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences. 1. Since the renovation policy launched in 1986, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, has experienced the fastest ____urbanization_____ process. URBAN 2. There has been a rapid _______migration_______ of rural people to urban areas for jobs and better living. MIGRATE 3. Urbanization promotes foreign direct ____investment___ which in turn helps in improving the foreign exchange reserves of the country. INVEST 4. The support policies for social housing development in Vietnam remained ____ineffective____ as only a few people were lucky enough to be able to get access to preferential loans. EFFECT 5. Several international organizations want to invest in social _____housing_____ development for the youth in Vietnam. HOUSE 6. At the moment, finding solutions for ____sustainable___ urban development is one of Vietnam's current top priorities. SUSTAIN 7. Urban ____dwellers___ must rely on the rural hinterland for agricultural production. DWELL 8. As the world continues to ____urbanize___, sustainable development depends increasingly on the successful management of urban growth. URBAN 9. A city that grows without these structures in place is at high risk for poverty and ____instability____. STABLE Page 50

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10. The disease is common in developing countries lacking adequate sewage and sanitation ____facilities______. FACILITATE 11. Some people worry that the city has become ____overpopulated____. POPULATE 12. Since the number of people aspiring for jobs is more than jobs available, ___unemployment___ is a natural outcome of situation. EMPLOY III. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. 1. Linda insisted that the newly-born baby ____ after her husband's father. A. could be named B. be named C. must be named D. ought to be named 2. It was such a beautiful evening that one of us suggested we ____ the meeting outside. A. could have B. had C. might have D. have 3. I requested that first-year students ____ to change their courses in the first two weeks. A. would be permitted B. be permitted C. were permitted D. are permitted 4. His advisor recommended that he ____ at least three courses each semester A. takes B. can take C. should take D. would take 5. It is important that he ____ to the director of the programme. A. should speak B. speak C. would speak D. speaks 6. It's important that they ____ to take her medicine twice a day. A. remember B. remembering C. to remember D. remembers 7. I suggest that Frank ____ the instructions carefully before playing that game. A. reading B. to read C. read D. reads 8. Mrs. Smith demanded that the heater ____ immediately. Her apartment was freezing. A. repaired B. be repaired C. repair D. to repair 9. It's vital that the United States ____ on improving its public education system. A. focuses B. focus C. focusing D. focused 10. The monk insisted that the tourists ____ the temple until they had removed their shoes. A. not entering B. not to enter C. not enter D. don't enter IV. Choose the correct answer that best completes each of the following sentences. 1. Due to industrialization, many changes were ____ in people's daily lives. A. kept B. got C. maintained D. made 2. Urbanization is happening at such a brisk rate that the government is planning entire new cities in ____ of large new urban populations. A. expectation B. anticipation C. danger D. view 3. The rapid ____ of rural population to urban places give rise to housing problem and thus slums are developed in these places. A. increase B. rushes C. inflows D. poverty 4. The increase in population in urban places ____ water and sanitation facilities, which results ____ environmental pollution and health hazards. A. destroys - from B. breaks - into C. pressurizes - in D. decreases - on 5. Slums are urban areas that are ____ populated with substandard housing and very poor living conditions. A. thinly B. thickly C. crowdedly D. heavily 6. Unemployment and poverty force people to ____ in anti-social activities. A. include B. engage C. take D. oppose 7. Due to dumping of sewage from factories in water bodies, water pollution often results ____ of epidemics. A. breakout B. outbreaks C. out breakings D. breaking outs

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8. Access to education, health, social services and cultural activities is more ____ available to people in cities than in villages. A. readily B. willingly C. extremely D. comparatively 9. The public authority of Ho Chi Minh City is going to be ____ problems of urban planning and management. A. come up with B. addressed with C. contented with D. got into 10. Vietnam is facing numerous challenges caused by rapid urbanization, leaving burdens on its technical and social ____. A. appliance B. facilities C. equipment D. infrastructure 11. Vietnam needs to ____ its urbanization opportunities to become a middle income country. A. get B. seize C. make use D. exploit 12. Drastic measures to boost housing development should be ____ to prevent properly market ____ becoming a boom. A. initiated - from B. launched - for C. complemented - against D. conducted - to 13. The support policies for social housing development in Vietnam remained ineffective as only a few people were lucky enough to get ____ to preferential loans. A. entrance B. method C. access D. approach 14. Although the UK is an urban society, more and more people are choosing to ____ to the countryside. A. distribute B. relocate C. apply D. reach 15. In the absence of adequate medical services, congestion and poor sanitation in big cities may cause health ____. A. danger B. disadvantages C. demerits D. hazards 16. The United Nations estimates that 1.1 billion people have no access to fresh water and 2.4 billion lack access to adequate ____. A. sanitation B. facilities C. equipment D. congestion 17. In order to deal with problems including waste and water treatment and public transportation, developing smart cities will be the ____ such challenges. A. means of coping with B. key to meeting C. approach to obtaining D. remedy for getting into 18. The government of Vietnam has given ____ to developing the digital industry, smart tourism, and agriculture by 2020. A. preference B. priority C. advantage D. discrimination 19. There is a heavy ____ on private transport that has led to the congestion of roads and increasing commuting time and pollution A. base B. independence C. reliance D. lean 20. It is impolite that you ____ there when he gets off the plane. A. be not standing B. been not standing C. not be standing D. not been standing 21. They hope to ____ a cure for the disease. A. catch up on B. come up with C. fill up with D. go out with 22. Although it was more than an hour late, the superstar finally showed up and ____ the attention of the audience, A. grabbed B. held C. paid D. took 23. Don't worry. We're in good time; there's ____ to hurry. A. impossible B. no need C. no purpose D. unnecessary 24. Overpopulation in urban areas tends to create unfavorable conditions, which may result in ____ of food in developing countries, Page 52

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A. damages B. failures C. shortage D. supplies 25. Urbanization can bring social health and benefit; ____, it also has its drawback. A. by the way B. furthermore C. however D. moreover V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Urbanization brings with it several consequences - both adverse and beneficial. A. negative B. favorable C. advantageous D. preferential 2. The quality of urban water bodies is increasingly exacerbated by a huge volume of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater. A. added B. decreased C. reduced D. aggravated 3. A city that grows too quickly can also experience an array of environmental issues. A. variety B. proportion C. rate D. pace 4. Low-income dwellers are generally living in older areas of modern cities, which are well known for poor sanitation, lack of health facilities and basic amenities. A. aid B. facilities C. resource D. place 5. India is facing a house shortage in urban areas at the moment and more housing would be required in order to meet future demand. A. encounter B. introduce C. fulfill D. stumble 6. A smart sustainable city will meet the needs of present and future generations with respect to economic, social and environmental aspects. A. in addition to B. according to C. with regard to D. with a view to 7. As cities grew more crowded, and often more impoverished and costly, more and more people began to migrate back out of them. A. well-off B. rich C. penniless D. fertile 8. Urbanization spurs a unique set of issues to both humans and animals. A. stimulates B. prevents C. varies D. descends 9. Automobile exhaust produces elevated lead levels in urban air. A. humble B. lowly C. diminished D. uplifted 10. Urban development can magnify the risk of environmental hazards such as flash flooding. A. understate B. minimize C. exaggerate D. reduce VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Urbanization has many adverse effects on the structure of society as gigantic concentrations of people compete for limited resources. A. favorable B. disadvantageous C. unlucky D. unpropitious 2. The absence of effective and representative government exacerbates urban environmental health problems. A. aggravate B. heighten C. reduce D. magnify 3. Most of the world's largest cities are considerably smaller by the year 2000 than had been expected. A. substantially B. slightly C. significantly D. greatly 4. Cities are like magnets, with the potential to take care of everything from the most basic needs to the most intangible desires. A. impalpable B. invisible C. indefinable D. clear 5. The proportion between public and private space in such spontaneous urbanization is invariably less than 1:10. A. never B. regularly C. habitually D. dependably Page 53

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6. Many people move to urban areas seeking for job opportunity as well as stable employment. A. temporary B. firm C. steady D. substantial 7. His decision had been made on the spur of the moment. A. all of a sudden B. out of the blue C. unexpectedly D. predictably 8. Unregulated, unplanned urban sprawl is often the cheapest option in the short run - but the long-run costs to society, the economy and the environment can be dire. A. positive B. terrible C. dreadful D. distressing 9. The police finally arrested the notorious criminal. A. respectable B. serious C. infamous D. gentle 10. The indiscriminate use of pesticides has wiped out many rare species. A. uncritical B. unplanned C. extensive D. methodical VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction. 1. Government should be used national resources in a more efficient way in order to meet the needs of growing populations. A. be used B. more efficient C. in order to D. needs 2. Because of urbanization continues, not only the infrastructure for health but also other social services in cities need improving. A. Because of B. not only C. but also D. need improving 3. The green belt is also getting real dense due to people moving out of the city too many. A. is B. real C. moving D. many 4. To accommodate the fastly growing population, the government must come up with a solution soon. A. fastly B. must C. with D. soon 5. The concentration of population may help to minimize our environmental impact on the planet and help cities designs policies and practices to prepare for the influx. A. concentration B. on C. designs D. practices VIII. Indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. 1. Liz is telling Andrew about her first novel. Liz. "Guess what? My first novel has just been published.” – Andrew. “____” A. It's my pleasure. B. Congratulations! C. Better luck next time! D. It's very kind of you. 2. Mrs. Smith and her students are visiting the zoo. Mike. "Can I feed the gorilla, Mrs. Smith?" – Mrs. Smith. “____. The sign says 'No feeding the animals'.” A. Of course you can B. I don't think it works. C. I'm sure about that. D. I'm afraid not 3. Hung was invited to Hoa's party. He wants to thank her for the lovely party. Hung: "Thank you very much for a lovely party." – Hoa: “____” A. Thanks. B. Have a good day! C. You are welcome. D. Cheers. 4. Tom: "I'm sorry, I won't be able to come". - Mary: “____.” A. Great! B. Oh, that's annoying C. Well, never mind D. Sounds likes fun 5. Tom: "Can you make it at 3 p.m on Friday for our meeting?" - Tony: “____” A. OK, that's fine. B. That's not true. I met him three days ago. C. Very well, thanks. D. You have a point there, but I don't think so. 6. Student: "Could you help me to fax this report?" - Librarian: “____’ A. Sorry I have no idea. B. It's very kind of you to say so. Page 54

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C. What rubbish! I don't think it's helpful. D. Certainly. What's the fax number? 7. John was in Hanoi and wanted to send a parcel to his parents. He asked a local passer-by the way to the post-office. Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange. - John: "Can you show me the way to the nearest post office, please?" - Passer-by: “____” A. Not way, sorry. B. Just round the corner over there. C. Look it up in a dictionary! D. There's no traffic near here. 8. Lora has just bought a new skirt that she likes very much. Choose the most suitable response to fill in the blank in the following exchange. - Jane: "You look great in that red skirt, Lora!" - Lora: “____” A. No, I don't think so. B. Oh, you don't like it, do you? C. Thanks I bought it at Macy's. D. Thanks, my mum bought it. C. READING I. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. especially relies which infrastructure transform environmentally CITIES GOING GREEN As more and more people concentrate in cities, planners are looking for ways to (1) ___ transform ___ cities into better living spaces. This can be done by improving existing (2) ___ infrastructure ____ while also creating more public spaces that are both beautiful and green. This can be hard to accomplish, (3) __especially_ in cities with a haphazard fashion. Some cities have been created with the idea of a green city as the goal. One such city, Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates, aims to become a model for other cities to follow. It is being known as a truly green city that (4) ____ relies ____ strictly on renewable sources such as solar energy to provide all of its energy needs. In addition, it will be a zero waste city in (5) _____ which _______ everything that is used can be recycled. Whether it will truly accomplish its goal remains to be seen, but it will also act as an experiment for (6) ____ environmentally ___ -friendly areas to be tested. II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. SUSTAINABLE CITIES: A CLEANER FUTURE For the past few decades, there has been an urbanization trend around the world, where more and more people are moving to cities. Since 2009, the UN Habitat (1) ____ that over 3 million people are moving into cities every week. Urban areas have been an attractive destination for migrants in (2) ____ of finding a better job and a higher (3) ____ living. While migrants contribute (4) ____ to the economies of cities, ever-increasing populations raise issues of congestion, (5) ____ of resources, and increased (6) ____ on waste management infrastructure, healthcare, and education. By 2050, it is estimated that 70% of the world's population will live in cities which makes the concept of Sustainable Cities an efficient (7) ____ the growing population. (8) ____, Sustainable Cities have an essential role in the urbanization trend to improve residents lives by (9) ____ environmental initiatives and projects such as limiting CO2 gas emissions in the air, using renewable energy sources, or bringing awareness to environmental issues. With outdoor pollution killing over 3 million lives yearly, (10) ____ in cities, it is evident that urbanization can increase the environmental (11) ____ upon cities. Many cities around the world have redesigned their city planning strategies and commenced initiatives (12) ____ these issues directly. 1. A. estimates B. expects C. claims D. counts 2. A. anticipation B. hopes C. view D. possession Page 55

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3. A. reason for B. tax of C. standard of D. cost of 4. A. virtually B. practically C. immensely D. annually 5. A. distribution B. collection C. reputation D. solution 6. A garbage B. pressure C. demand D. dependence 7. A. reaction to B. resolution to C. answer to D. approach to 8. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. As regards D. However 9. A. focusing on B. depending on C. developing on D. putting on 10. A. the most B. almost C. equally D. mostly 11. A. affect B. cause C. effect D. drawback 12. A. to accept B. to assault C. to improve D. to target III. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. burdens than proportion for enjoy grounds stagnant likely with prospects AN UNCERTAIN URBAN FUTURE Most publications discussing urban change predict that the world will continue to urbanise far into the future. Such projections should be viewed (1) _____ with ____ caution. A steady increase in urbanisation among low income nations is (2) ____ likely ___ to occur only if they also have steadily growing economies. While we should hope that lower income nations achieve more buoyant economies, the current (3) ____ prospects ___ for most of them are hardly encouraging, with political instability, civil war, and large debt (4) ____ burdens _____. There are also (5) _____ grounds ____ for doubting whether a large (6) ___ proportion ____ of the world's population will ever live in very large cities. In (7) ____ stagnant _____ economies, urbanisation levels do not increase much. In successful economies much new investment is going to small or medium sized cities. In regions with advanced transport and communications systems, rural inhabitants and enterprises can (8) __ enjoy ___ standards of infrastructure and services and access to information that historically have been available only in urban areas. Thus, both low and high income nations may have smaller (9) ___than___ expected increases in the populations of their cities, although (10) ____for____ very different reasons. IV. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. LIVING ROOFTOPS Creative urban planners continually seek new ways to make cities more satisfying places to live. One versatile tool in this pursuit is the "green roof" which draw from fundamental precepts in architectural design, horticulture, and urban development. At its most basis, a green roof system transforms a conventional roof into a living roof by adding a waterproof membrane. The membrane is then covered with drainage and filter layers, a growth medium (e.g. soil) and live plant. A green roof can be built on a flat or graded surface, can be thick or thin, and can feature flowering plants. Familiar rooftop garden have plants in pots or planters. A green roof goes further. It is an integral part of a building and one that offers ecological and economic benefits, as well as aesthetic appeal. Roofs covered in living plants were used in ancient Mesopotamia for aesthetic purposes (the famed Hanging Garden of Babilon), in Viking settlements, and on the American Great Plains for basic shelter and insulation (sod houses). The green roof as we know it, however, is a relatively recent creation. The first modern green roof was developed in Germany during the late 1960s and early 1970s. Their man function was to slow water drainage that was straining storm-sewer systems in urban areas where natural vegetation Page 56

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was scare. The idea subsequently spread through Europe and made a few inroads into some American cities. A wide range of environment benefits can result from the adoption of green roof. Preliminary research suggests that living roofs help clean polluted urban air. For example, grass acts as a natural air filter, removing each day 0.2 kilograms of airborne particulates from the air per square meter of grasscovered surface. By converting carbon dioxide (CO2) into oxygen through photosynthesis, plants also help limit the build-up of year to meet the annual oxygen requirement of an average human being. Rooftop green space in cities also helps mitigate what scientists call the urban heat island effect. Structure surfaced with conventional building material-paved roads and black rooftops, fox exampleabsorb-solar radiation and release it into the near surface environment in the form of heat. The effect is to raise the air temperature in a big city by up to 5°C over the temperature in the surrounding countryside. Using mathematical models, a Canadian research team found that if only 5 percent of the roof area of Toronto had green roofs, air temperature would be reduced by 1°C to 2°C Celsius. Green roofs save money through energy and resource conservation. Studies done in Germany, where an estimated 10 percent of all roofs today are green, suggest that green roofs last two or three times longer than conventional roofs. The long service life of a green roof means that fewer resources and less energy will be expended in roof replacement. Green roofs also save money by lowering the cost of interior heating and cooling One study found that an average building with a green roof requires 25 percent less cooling in commercial facility in Germany with a green roof save enough money in three years through lower heating and cooling costs, since additional cooling tower had become unnecessary. As energy costs increase, the tenants of buildings with green roofs will undoubtedly reap additional savings. A city's livability is as much about the attractiveness of one's surroundings as it is about living costs. The aesthetic benefits of green roofs should not be discounted. Green roofs designed to be parks or gardens can help address a lack of green space in many urban areas. Some are even used for the small-scale, largely recreational production of edible vegetables. All this vegetation naturally attracts songbirds, ducks and other waterfowl, butterflies, and bats. Especially for those whose windows look out over a city's roofs capeapartment dwellers, office workers, even patients in high-rise hospitals a green roof can provide a priceless connection with nature and the cycle of seasons. On the whole, living roofs add plants into urban landscapes, making cities more environmentally sound and less stressful, and they do so in a cost-effective manner. 1. According to paragraph 1, green roofs. A. are very heavy B. thrive mostly in warm climates C. are composed of several layers of material D. can provide most food a city needs 2. The word "one" in the passage refers to ____. A. a pot or planter B. apart of a building C. an environmental benefit D. a green roof 3. According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true about modern green roofs EXCEPT ____. A. they were initially developed in Germany B. they were designed to slow water drainage C. they were used in Viking settlements D. they are found in a few American cities 4. The word "filter" in the passage is closet in meaning to ____. A. producer B. container C. cooler D. cleaner 5. According to paragraph 3, carbon dioxide is ____. A. an airborne particulate B. an environmental benefit C. something a green roof can help control D. something a green roof can help make 6. The word "mitigate" in the passage is closet in meaning to _____. Page 57

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A intensify B. cause C. prevent D. weaken 7. According to paragraph 4, temperatures in urban areas tend to be higher than in the surrounding countryside because ____. A. cities are more crowded B. vehicles moving on paved roads create heat C. green roof in rural areas absorb heat D. commonly used building materials retain heat 8. What can be inferred from paragraph 5 about conventional roofs? A. Replacing one is costly B. They are one type of living roof. C. Resources needed to build them are now scare. D. They have a service life of less than ten years. 9. The word "expended" in the passage is closet meaning to ____. A. made large B. used up C. asked for D. found out 10. In paragraph 6, why does the author mention the case of the commercial facility? A. To illustrate the high cost of buying a green roof B. To show that businesses have expenses homeowners don't have C. To give one case in which green roofs produce energy D. To support the claim that green roofs can reduce costs D.WRITING I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. In the end, I felt I had been right about leaving him, we were just not suitable for each other. I had no regrets about leaving him, we were just not suitable for each other. 2. "Get the hell out of my house now or I'll call the police!" said the angry widow to the bold intruder. The angry widow threatened to call the police if the bold intruder didn’t get out of her house. 3. I only missed him when he left me for that girl. Not until he had left me for that girl did I miss him. 4. I had just taken off my dirty clothes to go to bath when someone knocked at the door. No sooner had I taken off my dirty clothes to go to bath than someone knocked at the door. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. Although she was not very good-looking, the prince loved her at the very first sight. Despite her not being very good-looking/ her not very good-looking appearance, the prince loved her at the very first sight. 2. "Hey, what's that book you're addicted to these days?" Jane asked Jim. Jane asked Jim what the book he was addicted to those days was. 3. You'd better start revising from now on or you won't pass the exam. It's high time you started revising or you won't pass the exam. 4. It was absolutely wrong of you to leave me stranded in that crowded room full of strangers like that. You should not have left me stranded in that crowded room full of strangers like that. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. established B. steadily C. sanitation D. fluctuate 2. A. lasting B. populated C. scale D. migrate 3. A. infrastructure B. capture C. mature D. nature 4. A. slum B. result C. urbanization D. plumber Page 58

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5. A. illustrate B. identify C. inaccurate D. agricultural II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. conservative B. progressive C. down-market D. multicultural 2. A. habitual B. obvious C. dramatic D. efficient 3. A. resource B. mindset C. kidnapping D. prospect 4. A. sanitation B. exacerbate C. phonetician D. inhabitant 5. A. initiative B. authority C. discriminate D. necessary III. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. adverse anticipation congestion outbreaks domestic ineffective 1. Urbanization is happening at such a brisk rate that the government t is planning entire new cities in _____ anticipation _____ of large new urban populations. 2. Due to dumping of sewage from factories in water bodies, water pollution often results in ___ outbreaks ____ of epidemics. 3. The support policies for social housing development in Vietnam remained ____ ineffective ___ as only a few people were lucky enough to be able to get access to preferential loans. 4. There is a heavy reliance on private transport that has led to the ____ congestion ____ of roads and increasing commuting time and pollution. 5. Urbanization has many _____ adverse _____ effects on the structure of society as outbreaks concentrations of people compete for limited resources. 6. The quality of urban water bodies is increasingly worsened by a huge volume of untreated industrial and ____ domestic ______ wastewater. IV. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Rapid urban growth has also brought a huge increase in the number of large cities, including many that have reached sizes that are historically unprecedented. A. remarkable B. extraordinary C. unknown D. original 2. Too much recent emphasis has been given to the fact that the world is becoming predominantly urban. A. mainly B. usually C. principally D. thoroughly 3. In fact, virtually all local governments are located in urban centers. A. effectively B. approximately C. impractically D. almost 4. Distinctions between rural and urban areas are also becoming almost obsolete in and around many major cities as economic activity spreads outwards. A. contemporary B. outdated C. discarded D. up to date 5. People in the city of Porto Alegre in Brazil, famous for its participatory budgeting have a life expectancy of 76 years. A. anticipation B. suspense C. lifespan D. hopefulness 6. Bangalore was renowned for its trees, lakes and pleasant air only 25 years ago. A. proverbial B. notable C. distinguished D. famous V. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. This restaurant was highly recommended for good service, delicious food and kind-hearted boss. A. ambitious and greedy B. attentive and helpful C. generous and gracious D. polite and friendly 2. Many people move to urban areas seeking for job opportunity as well as stable employment. A. durable B. long-lasting C. steady D. temporary

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3. I propose that we wait until the budget has been announced before committing ourselves to any expenditure. A. approve B. recommend C. reject D. suggest 4. Until 1986 most companies would not even allow women to take the exams, but such gender discrimination is now disappearing. A. unfairness B. injustice C. partiality D. equality 5. Without economic security and amid poor living conditions, crime is inevitable. A. assured B. compulsory C. inescapable D. preventable VI. Indicate the correct answer to complete each of the following questions. 1. ____ improve the urban transport situation in India, new metro rail networks have been developed. A. In an effort to B. In addition to C. In terms of D. With the aim to 2. The governments find themselves ____ in attempting to boost the economies and simultaneously reach the sustainable development. A. in danger B. on the tip of their tongues C. on the horns of a dilemma D. on the nerves 3. Urban areas have been an attractive destination for migrants ____ finding a better job and a higher standard of living. A. in hopes of B. in view of C. on grounds of D. with the aim for 4. The foreign investors want to take full ____ of the available facilities that our country offers them. A. use B. measures C. actions D. advantage 5. Strains ____ important natural resources, such as water supply, lead to higher prices and general environmental sustainability problems. A. in B. on C. with D. through 6. The project was very successful and we would like to thank everyone ____. A. concerned B. involving C. specific D. particular 7. It is difficult to quantify the ____ that household waste has on the environment. A. affect B. effort C. impact D. implication 8. Rapid urbanization has ____ the management capacity of governments in developing countries. A. gone further B. diminished C. got over D. passed through 9. The quality of urban water bodies is increasingly worsened by a huge ____ of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater. A. quantity B. plenty C. number D. volume 10. He asked reporters to provide him with ____ numbers on urban percentages. A. dated B. up-to-minute C. out-of-date D. up-to-date 11. There has been a rapid migration of ____ people to urban areas for jobs and better living. A. out-skirts B. country C. rural D. suburb 12. Since the renovation policy launched in 1986, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, ____ the fastest urbanization process. A. has experienced B. experience C. is experiencing D. has been experienced 13. Slums are urban areas that are ____ populated with substandard housing and very poor living conditions. A. steadily B. heavily C. strongly D. generally 14. Drastic measures to boost housing development ____ to prevent properly market from becoming a boom. A. should initiate B. have initiated C. should be initiated D. initiating 15. Although the UK is an urban society, more and more people are choosing to ____ to the countryside. A. relocate B. illocate C. unlocate D. mislocate Page 60

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16. A smart sustainable city will meet the needs of present and future generations with respect to ____, social and environmental aspects. A. economy B. economic C. economize D. economizing 17. There are several factors at play that have led to the urbanization in India ____ population growth and migration as one of the 2 major factors. A. led to B. came to C. went to D. stop 18. Anna organized a few games to ____ the ice when the new students first arrived. A. break B. crack C. drill D. melt 19. It is difficult to quantify the ____ that household waste has on the environment. A. affect B. effort C. impact D. implication 20. During the lesson if you have questions or comments, please feel free to ____ them. A. enlarge B. increase C. go up D. raise 21. The level of urban unemployment and numbers of ____ are high. A. joblessness B. the jobless C. the joblessness D. the jobs 22. It is necessary that you ____ able to come with us. A. are B. be C. being D. to be 23. Mary demanded that the heater ____ immediately. Her apartment was freezing. A. repaired B. be repaired C. being repaired D. been repaired 24. The recommendation that she ____ a holiday was carried out. A. has taken B. take C. taken D. taking VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction. 1. Urbanization is relevant to a range of disciplines, including urban planning geography, sociology, economize and public health. A. disciplines B. geography C. economize D. public health 2. Urbanization can be seen as a specific condition at a set time or as an increasing in that condition over time. A. specific B. as C. increasing in D. condition 3. Many people move into cities for the economic opportunities, but this does not fully explain the very high recent urbanization rates in places as China and India. A. move into B. opportunities C. very high D. as 4. Farm living has always been susceptible to unpredictable environment conditions, and in times of drought, flood or pestilence, survival may become extremely problematic. A. susceptible B. environment C. pestilence D. problematic 5. City life, especially in modern urban slums of the developing world, is certain hardly immune to pestilence or climatic disturbances such as floods, yet continues to strongly attract migrants. A. slums of B. certain C. climatic disturbances D. yet VIII. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. catch up with drastically factor to come made expansion grab put up Because of to URBANIZATION IN INDIA Population and economic growth has fostered urbanization in the country and the number of urban towns and cities have (1) ___ drastically ____ increased. This growth is expected to continue in the years (2) ___ to come ____ and India has to step up its game in order to (3) ___ catch up with ___ this kind of change. Investments have to be (4) ____ made ____ in order to better serve the country. There are several factors at play that have led to the urbanization in India - population growth and migration as one of the 2 major factors. Recently, a third (5) ______ factor ______ has been seen as a huge Page 61

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contributor (6) ___to__ the urbanization growth: the (7) __ expansion ___ of towns and cities. This factor is due to the high economic growth that the city has witnessed over the years. (8) ___ Because of ___ this, the government in India has decided to (9) ___ grab ____ the opportunity: projects to further thrust the country into urbanization, a number of smart cities to be (10) ___ put up ____ in various locations, and other initiatives. IX. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. AN URBANISING WORLD More than two thirds of the world's urban population is now in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Since 1950, the urban population of these regions has grown more than (1) ____. Rapid urban growth has also brought a huge (2) ____ the number of large cities, including many that have (3) ____ sizes that are historically (4) ____. Just two centuries ago, there were only two "million cities" worldwide (that is, cities with one million or more inhabitants) - London and Beijing (Peking). By 1950, there were 80; today there are over 300. Most of these million cities are in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, and (5) ____ have populations that have grown more than tenfold since 1950. Brasilia, the federal capital of Brazil, did not exist in 1950 and now has more than 2 million inhabitants. "Mega-cities," with ten or more million inhabitants are a new (6) ____. The first city to reach this size was New York in around 1940. There were 12 mega-cities by 1990 (the latest year for which there are (7) ____ accurate statistics as data for 2000 (8) ____ are not available or censuses are scheduled for 2001); seven were in Asia, three in Latin America, and two in the United States. In 1800, the average size of the world's 100 largest cities was fewer than 200 000 inhabitants but now it is over 5 million. These (9) ____ give the impression of rapid urbanization that is primarily (10) ____ on large cities. But this is not the case. 1. A. fivefold B. five time C. twices D. doubles 2. A. decrease in B. increase in C. peaking in D. fluctuation in 3. A. reached B. lengthened C. prolonged D. approached 4. A. unsurpassed B. unrivaled C. unmatched D. unprecedented 5. A. the number of B. many C. quite a little D. a great deal of 6. A. event B. ceremony C. phenomenon D. reaction 7. A. roughly B. generally C. reasonably D. relatively 8. A. censuses B. conveys C. investigations D. probation 9. A. documents B. circumstances C. opinions D. statistics 10. A. based B. impacted C. focused D. depend X. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. Overpopulation, the situation of having large numbers of people with too resources and too little space, is closely associated with poverty. It can result from high population density, or from low amounts of resources, or from both. Excessively high population densities put stress on available resources. Only a certain number of people can be supported on a given area of land, and that number depends on how much food and other resources the land can provide. In countries where people live primarily by means of simple farming, gardening, herding, hunting and gathering, even large areas of land can support only small numbers of people because these labor-intensive subsistence activities produce only small amounts of food. In developed countries such as the United States, Japan and the countries of Western Europe, overpopulation generally is not considered a major cause of poverty. These countries produce large quantities of food through mechanized farming, which depends on commercial fertilizers, large-scale irrigation and agricultural machinery. This form of production provides enough food to support the high densities of people in metropolitan areas.

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A country's level of poverty can depend greatly on its mix of population density and agricultural productivity. Bangladesh, for example, has one of the world's highest population densities, with 1,147 persons per sq. km. A large majority of the people of Bangladesh engage in low-productivity manual farming, which contributes to the country's extremely high level of poverty. Some of the smaller countries in Western Europe, such as the Netherlands and Belgium, have high population densities as well. These countries practice mechanized farming and are involved in high-tech industries, however, and therefore have high standards of living. At the other end of the spectrum, many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have population densities of less than 30 persons per sq. km. Many people in these countries practice manual subsistence farming; these countries also have infertile land, and lack the economic resources and technology to boost productivity. As a consequence, these nations are very poor. The United States has both relatively low population density and high agricultural productivity, it is one of the world's wealthiest nations. High birth rates contribute to overpopulation in many developing countries. Children are assets to many poor families because they provide labor, usually for farming. Cultural norms in traditionally rural societies commonly sanction the value of large families. Also, the governments of developing countries often provide little or no support, financial or political, for family planning; even people who wish to keep their families small have difficulty doing so. For all these reasons, developing countries tend to have high rates of population growth. 1. Which of the following is given a definition in paragraph 1? A. Poverty B. Simple farming C. Overpopulation D. Population density 2. What will suffer when there are excessively high population densities? A. Farming methods B. Skilled labor C. Land area D. Available resources 3. The phrase "that number" in paragraph 1 refers to the number of ____. A. densities B. countries C. people D. resources 4. In certain countries, large areas of land can only yield small amounts of food because ____. A. there is an abundance of resources B. there is no shortage of skilled labor C. there is lack of mechanization D. there are small numbers of laborers 5. Bangladesh is a country where the level of poverty depends greatly on ____. A. population density in metropolitan areas B. its population density only C. its high agricultural productivity D. both population density and agricultural productivity 6. The phrase "engage in" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____. A. look into B. give up C. escape from D. participate in 7. The word "infertile" in paragraph 4 probably means ____. A. impossible B. unproductive C. inaccessible D. disused 8. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage? A. All small countries in Western Europe have high population densities. B. In certain developed countries, mechanized farming is applied. C. In sub-Saharan African countries, productivity is boosted by technology. D. There is no connection between a country's culture and overpopulation. 9. Which of the following is a contributor to overpopulation in many developing countries? A. High birth rates B. High-tech facilities C. Sufficient financial support D. Economic resources 10. Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A. Overpopulation: A Worldwide Problem B. High Birth Rate and its Consequences Page 63

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C. Poverty in Developing countries D. Overpopulation: A Cause of Poverty XI. Indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions 1. It isn't very likely that little Johnny will accept her as his step mother. There is little likelihood that little Johnny will accept her as his step mother. 2. It seems rude not to reply to a greeting like that. То not reply to a greeting like that seems rude. 3. Because I had run out of sugar, I went out to get some. I had run out of sugar, so I went out to get some. 4. French is really interesting to learn. It is really interesting to learn French. XII. Indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of the following sentences. 1. While I don't like her mean manners at times, I will still help her out this time. Despite my not liking her mean manners at times, I will still help her out this time. 2. The fan was too weak to clear out the heat pervading through the whole room. The fan was so weak that it could not clear out the heat pervading through the whole room. 3. You'll have to get your car serviced before you go on that long trip to the South. Your car will need servicing before you go on that long trip to the South. 4. I spent the whole evening trying to figure out what he meant in the talk earlier that morning. It took me the whole evening to try to figure out what he meant in the talk earlier that morning.

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Unit 3. THE GREEN MOVEMENT

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A. VOCABULARY • raise something (to something): tăng cái gì lên bao nhiêu • effect (on somebody/something): ảnh hưởng đến cái gì • come into effect = take effect: có hiệu lực • accomplish /ə'kʌmplɪʃ/: = achieve, execute: đạt được • evaluate /ɪ' væljueɪt/: = assess, judge, appraise: đánh giá • assess something at something: đánh giá ở mức nào Ex: Damage to the building was assessed at £40,000. • assess somebody/ something as something: đánh giá ai như là Ex: The young men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers. • release /rɪ'li:s/: thải ra • release somebody/ something from something: giải thoát cho ai, gì khỏi cái gì Ex: Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage. • add something to something: thêm cái gì vào đâu Ex: A new wing was added to the building • absorb something into something = take in: hấp thụ vào đâu Ex: The cream is easily absorbed into the skin. • reabsorption: sự tái hấp thụ • supplant /sə'plɑ:nt/ (v): = replace: thay thế • convert something (into something): chuyển đổi cái gì thành • insulate something (from/ against something): cách nhiệt khỏi... Ex: Home owners are being encouraged to insulate their homes to save energy. • hazard /'hæzəd/: = jeopardy, perilousness: nguy hiểm Page 64

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• hazard (to somebody/ something): nguy hiểm cho ai, gì • hazard (of something/ of doing something): nguy hiểm khi làm gì Ex: Everybody is aware of the hazards of smoking. • expand /ɪk'spænd/: mở rộng (diện tích, độ lớn...): tăng số lượng • extend /ɪk'stend/: kéo dài (thời gian...), kéo dãn • to extend the hand of friendship: cố gắng duy trì mối quan hệ tốt với... • to filter out dust particles/ light/ impurities: lọc ra ... • shelter (from something): nơi trú ẩn khỏi cái gì Ex: People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire. • risk (of something/ of doing something): nguy cơ Ex: Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease • sustainable /sə'steɪnəbl/ (adj): = steady, persistent: bền vững • agglomeration /əˌɡlɒmə'reɪʃn/: = accumulation: sự kết tụ Ex: The suburb is an agglomeration of houses, shops, and offices. • accelerate /ək'seləreɪt/ (v): = speed up, gain momentum: tăng tốc • composition /ˌkɒmpə'zɪʃn/: = constitution, configuration: thành phần • disturb /dɪ'stɜ:b/ (v): = distract, interrupt: làm phiền B. GRAMMAR REVIEW I. CONNECTING WORDS (TỪ NỐI) Conjunction (liên từ): • là từ dùng nối câu hoặc nối từ • đứng sau một dấu “,” hoặc không cần đến Connector (từ nối): • thường dùng để nối câu • thường dùng giữa hai loại dấu 1. Nhóm chỉ sự bổ sung thông tin • Conjunction: + and, and also.... và... + as well as.... cùng nhur + both ... and ... : vừa ... vừa ... + not only... but also ... không những ... mà còn... • Connector: + Moreover = Furthermore: hơn thế nữa + In addition: thêm vào đó + Besides: ngoài ra + What's more: hơn thế 2. Nhóm chỉ thông tin trái ngược • Conjunction: + but, yet: nhưng + số đếm: one, two…; số thứ tự: second…; whereas: trái lại… • Collector: + However = Netherless: tuy nhiên, nhưng + On the other hand: mặt khác + In contrast; trái lại + On the contrary: ngược lại 3. Thông tin kết quả (vì vậy, do đó...) • Conjunction: + so, thus, hence: vì vậy • Connector: + Therefore: vì vậy + As a result: kết quả là + Consequently: kết quả là

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+ Accordingly: do đó

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BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Decide if the following sentences are compound or complex. 1. The house was destroyed in the fire, but the whole family was saved. 2. Walking through the wood, he saw a fox that was following him. 3. If I do not get this job, I will start a business. 4. He said that he was so disappointed that he would not try again. 5. The men who rule the world with their pens are mightier than those who rule the world with their swords. 6. The evil that men do lives after them. 7. All that glitters is not gold. 8. Neither the color nor the design of this cloth appeals to me.

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Bài 2: Decide whether the following sentences are simple, complex or compound. 1. We met rather few people who spoke English. 2. I have been on rather too many planes and trains recently. 3. We drove to the city two days ago. 4. I don't care how expensive it is. 5. Two minutes ago the child was fast asleep, but now he is wide awake. 6. He is not tall enough to be a soldier. 7. I guess she just doesn't respect you. 8. I have got four sisters and each of them is quite different from the others. 9. When all else fails, read the manual. 10. He will never leave home because he hasn't got the courage to.

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Bài 3: Choose the correct answer. 1. That's the woman _______ I spoke about the job. A. of whom B. to whom C. whom 2. The house _______ they live is opposite a big park. A. to which B. which C. in which 3. All of the exam papers are collected and given to the examiners, _______ job it is to mark them. A. who B. whose C. whom 4. This is the title of the book _______ I need for my course. A. what B. x C. where 5. Near hotel there's a great gym _______ you can work out. A. is where B. in where C. where 6. My mother, _______, has decided to learn Chinese. A. who is retired B. she is retired C. is retired 7. My car, _______ I can't get to work, has broken down. A. without which B. to which C. of which 8. We waited for an hour to be served, but our meal, _______, was awful. A. it arrived B. when it is arrived C. when it arrived

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Bài 5: Change the following complex sentences into compound sentences. 1. Although she is arrogant, I like her. 2. Though she is young, she is very responsible. 3. I helped him because I liked him. 4. He fed the cats before he went out. 5. Even though I had a bad headache, I enjoyed the party. 6. Although I missed the train, I managed to arrive on time. 7. When I opened my eyes, I saw a strange sight. 8. Though she is pretty she is not very popular.

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Bài 4: Combine the following pairs of simple sentences into complex sentences. 1. Tim went to the movies. He had a lot of work to do. 2. John is a brilliant boy. He has won several honors. 3. Mike didn't get the job. He lacked the necessary qualifications. 4. Bill is a baseball player. He is known all over the world.

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Bài 6: Provide a suitable subordinator to fill in the bank. 1. I'm going to the bank _______ I need some money. 2. I made lunch _______ I got home. 3. _______ it's raining, she's going for a walk in the park. 4. _______ she finishes her homework soon, she will fail the class. 5. He decided to trust David _______ he was an honest man. 6. _______ we went to school, she decided to investigate the situation. 7.Daisy decided to leave Tom _______ he was too worried about his job. 8. Tuan bought a new jacket _______ he had received one as a gift last week. 9. Hung claims that there will be trouble _______ he doesn't complete the job. 10. Hoa will have finished the report _______ the time you receive the letter.

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Bài 7: Use "which" to combine the following sentences. 1. Tim is always late for class. This annoys the teacher. 2. You gave me this interesting book. Thank you very much for it. 3. Susan couldn't come to my birthday party. This made me sad. 4. We have lost her telephone number. This makes it difficult to contact her. 5. The problem has been discussed in class. We are interested in it.

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Bài 8: Change the following compound sentences into complex sentences. 1. He tried his best, but he didn't succeed. 2. The clown entered the circus ring and the children started clapping. 3. Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves. 4. You have to hurry or you will miss the bus. 5. The battle has been won but the war isn't over yet. 6. The country has made huge progress, but we still have a long way to go. 7. You have to be 18 years old or you can't vote. Page 67

8. Leprosy is curable and everybody knows this. 9. Mr John is a famous magician and he has performed all over the world.

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■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 9: Decide whether the following sentences are simple, complex, compound or compound complex. 1. This is an easy exercise. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 2. I like playing basketball, and my brother likes playing table tennis. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 3. I'll help you if you help me. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 4. Her name is Hoa and she comes from Vietnam. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 5. My mother cooked dinner whiie I was doing my homework. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 6. While I was doing my homework, my father cooked the dinner and my mother was asleep in front of the television. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 7. Do you want to go swimming tomorrow, or would you prefer to play tennis? A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 8. I've brought my umbrella with me in case it rains. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 9. I don't know why he did that. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 10. My family went to France when I was in grade 5, but I never learned to speak French very well. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 11. I'm so pleased that you can come to my party. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 12. He told me that he is returning to Hanoi City next summer. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex

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13. I have not seen my grandmother since I came to Germany. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 14. We were doing an English test when the fire alarm rang yesterday. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 15. She runs every day, so she is very fit. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 16. Because she runs every day, she is very fit. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 17. The new girl in our class has a brother in grade 7 and a sister in grade 9. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 18. You should read every day if you want to improve your English more quickly. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 19. Although it was cold and the rain was getting heavier, we decided to go fishing as planned. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 20. You should start working a little harder or you are going to fail your test. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 21. I didn't know what time it was so I was very late to class. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 22. Most European countries now use the Euro, but the United Kingdom still uses the pound (£). A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 23. To build a doll's house you need wood, a hammer, a saw, and lots of nails. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 24. She failed her driving test because she didn't look in her mirror often enough. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex 25. He got up, walked over to the window, and jumped out. A. Simple B. Compound C. Complex D. Compound-complex Bài 10: Combine each of the following sets of simple sentences into one complex sentence. 1. The strike was going to be called off. The leader told me that. 2. We can succeed only by combined effort. It goes without saying.

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3. He may become a member. I don't know. 4. He is not educated. He is well experienced 5. I sank into the water. I felt great confusion of thought. I cannot describe it. 6. I went there. I found the door locked. 7. There is heavy rainfall here. Grapes will not grow in such places. 8. It may rain. Then the match will be cancelled. 9. You finish dressing. I will wait here.

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Bài 12: Identify the clauses by placing square brackets [ ] around dependent clauses and curly brackets { } around independent clauses and then decide whether the sentence is compound, complex or compound-complex. 1. Even if every step seems difficult you should keep trying for the best things are worth fighting for. 2. I did my very best to write a good cover letter and I finally sent my application to my favorite company for review. 3. Whenever the rain falls I remember how important the simple things are and I feel glad to be where I am. 4. If you really want good English editing service you should try it since it's fast and efficient. 5. Every morning I get up early and I get ready to go out but today my alarm didn't ring. 6. I think summer is the best time of year because everything is growing and green so the whole world seems new. 7. Although travel can be fun alone it's better if you take a friend given that experiences are always better if they're shared. 8. As soon as you get my letter write back to me and I will think of something new to write back to you whenever I get your response. 9. I really want to know how to get a ticket yet every time I try to call the office I get a busy signal. 10. No matter how much you study it takes practice and application to really learn how to master English so just keep trying to use what you know as often as you can and you'll succeed! KEY BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG Bài 1: Decide if the following sentences are compound or complex. 1. Compound sentence

5. Complex sentence

2. Complex sentence

6. Complex sentence

3. Complex sentence

7. Complex sentence Page 70

4. Complex sentence

8. Compound sentence

6. Simple sentence

2. Simple sentence

7. Complex sentence

3. Simple sentence

8. Compound sentence

4. Complex sentence

9. Complex sentence

5. Compound sentence

10. Complex sentence

1. B

5. C

2. C

6. A

3. B

7. A

4. B

8. C

Bài 3: Choose the correct answer.

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1. Complex sentence

Bài 2: Decide whether the following sentences are simple, complex or compound.

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Bài 5: Change the following complex sentences into compound sentences. She is arrogant but 1 like her. She is young but she is very responsible. I liked him so 1 helped him. He fed the cats and went out. I had a bad headache but 1 enjoyed the party. missed the train but 1 managed to arrive on time. I opened my eyes and saw a strange sight. She is pretty but she is not very popular.

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Bài 6: Provide a suitable subordinator to fill in the bank. 6. Before/When

2. after /when /as soon as

7. because/since/as

3. Although / Even though /Though

8. although / even though / though

4. Unless

9. if/in the case that

5. because/since/as

10. by

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Bài 7: Use "which" to combine the following sentences. 1. Tim is always late for class, which annoys the teacher. Page 71

2. Thank you very much for this interesting book which you gave me. 3. Susan couldn't come to my birthday party, which made me sad. 4. We have lost her telephone number, which makes it difficult to contact her. 5. We are interested in the problem which has been discussed in class.

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Bài 8: Change the following compound sentences into complex sentences. 1. Though/ Although/ Even though he tried his best, he didn't succeed. 2. When the clown entered the circus ring, the children started clapping. 3. If you take care of the pence, the pounds will take care of themselves. 4. If you do not hurry, you will miss the bus. 5. Though/ Although/ Even though the battle has been won, the war isn't over yet. 6. Although/Though/ Even though the country has made huge progress, we still have a long way to go. 7. If you are under 18, you can't vote. 8. Everybody knows that leprosy is curable. 9. Mr John, who has performed all over the world, is a famous magician.

6. D

11. C

2. B

7. B

12. C

3. C

8. C

13. C

4. B

9. C

14. C

5. C

10. D

15. B

16. C

21. D

17. A

22. B

18. C

23. A

1. A

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19. D

24. C

20. B

25. A

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Bài 10: Combine each of the following sets of simple sentences into one complex sentence. 1. The leader told me that the strike was going to be called off. 2. It goes without saying that we can succeed only by combined effort. 3. I don't know if he will become a member. 4. Though he is not educated, he is well experienced. 5. When I sank into the water, I felt great confusion of thought which I could not explain. 6. When I went there, I found the door locked. 7. Grapes will not grow where there is heavy rainfall. 8. If it rains, the match will be cancelled. 9. I will wait here until you finish dressing. Bài 11: Decide whether each of the following lines is a phrase (P), independent clause (IC), or dependent clause (DC). 2. P

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1. DC

6. IC 7. DC 8. IC

4. IC

9. IC

5. P

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2. {I did my very best to write a good cover letter}, and {I finally sent my application to my favorite company for review}. (Compound) 3. [Whenever the rain falls], {I remember how important the simple things are}, and {I feel glad to be where I am}. (Compound-complex) 4. [If you really want good English editing service], {you should try it} [since it's fast and efficient]. (Complex)

5. {Every morning I get up early}, and {I get ready to go out}, but {today my alarm didn't ring}. (Compound) 6. {I think summer is the best time of year} [because everything is growing and green], so {the whole world seems new}. (Compound- complex)

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7. [Although travel can be fun alone], {it's better if you take a friend} [given that experiences are always better if they're shared]. (Complex) 8. [As soon as you get my letter], {write back to me}, and {I will think of something new to write back to you} [whenever I get your response]. (Compound- complex)

9. {I really want to know how to get a ticket}, yet [every time I try to call the office], {I get a busy signal}. (Compound- complex)

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10. [No matter how much you study], {it takes practice and application to really learn how to master English}, so {just keep trying to use what you know} [as often as you can], and {you'll succeed}! (Compound- complex)

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. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. illegal B. climatic C. benefit D. bioclimatic 2. A. researcher B. energy C. number D. death 3. A. arrested B. estimated C. claimed D. penetrated 4. A. revolution B. election C. interrogation D. question 5. A. rehear B. appear C. realize D. peace II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. attitude B. infamously C. geneticist D. socialist 2. A. preference B. attraction C. advantage D. infinitive 3. A. interview B. essential C. comfortable D. industry 4. A. situation B. interrogation C. detention D. coalition 5. A. difficult B. simplicity C. discovery D. commodity B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. percentages nuclear survival derived hydrogen energy Contaminants improve Page 73

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1. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of _____ hydrogen _____ as an alternative energy source. 2. The sun is a powerful __ energy _ source, and this energy source can be harnessed by installing solar panels. 3. ___ Contaminants ___ are subsequently removed by harvesting the above-ground shoot biomass for volume reduction and storage. 4. It is not only about looking better though, Green cities are also trying to ____ improve _____ the efficiency of cities and raise the standard of living for people who stay in them. 5. It was more surprising that many of the respondents also had not recently heard or read about hydrogen cars, wind energy or ______ nuclear _____ energy. 6. The numbers on a bag of fertilizer tell you the _____ percentages _____ of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium found in the bag. 7. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future human _____ survival ____. 8. The term "plastic" is _____ derived ___ from the Greek word "plastikos", meaning fit for moulding. II. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences. 1. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can ____significantly____ reduce cooling bills. SIGNIFICANT 2. Solar radiation can be ___converted___ either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical energy, though the former is easier to accomplish. CONVERSION 3. The doctor said the vitamin would _____replenish_____ my calcium deficiency. REPLENISHING 4. Nick left the house and strolled down the ___pathway___ to the garden. PATH 5. If we continue to ___deplete____ our natural resources, our children will pay the price. DEPLETATION 6. Do you know the oldest type of ____sustainable____ energy is the biomass that is derived from plant matter? SUSTAIN 7. When hiking in the wilderness, it is important to properly ____dispose__ of anything you can't pack out. DISPOSABLE 8. We buy ____organic___ food at the farmers' market. It costs a little bit more, but we think it's better for our health. ORGAN 9. Jane Goodall studied chimpanzees for many years in their native ____habitat____ in Africa. HABITATION 10. ____Conservation_____ is the protection of things found in nature. CONSERVE III. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition. 1. Hazardous gases refer to all kinds _____of____ gas that can be potential harmful to humans in certain concentrations. 2. The ship's refrigeration and air conditioning plants are designed ______to_____ achieve no ozone depletion. 3. Nuclear waste can cause serious damage to the environment if not disposed ____ of _____ properly. 4. In the UK, poor air quality is responsible _____for______ some 40,000 deaths each year. 5. The government team ______in_____ charge of promoting energy conservation has no campaign budget and with three members to handle the issue nationwide, are short of staff. 6. Biomass typically refers _____to_____ biofuels that are obtained through biological processes such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion. 7. Everyday, the world produces carbon dioxide that is released to the earths atmosphere and which will still be there _____in_____ one hundred years time. 8. Mankind has been crazy to have not bothered ______to____ harness the sun's energy until now. Page 74

9. Business can now take advantage ______of____ different suppliers of both gas and electricity and shop for the most economical. 10. _____On______ a gut level, many people already grasp the key difference between fossil fuels and renewable energy.

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IV. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Otherwise Although For example Instead of Thanks to 1. ____ Thanks to _____ some clever and concerned architects, this image is starting to change the concept of green cities aims to bring some beauty from rural environments into urban areas. 2. ___ Instead of _____ filling its area with office buildings, Portland has plenty of green space for activities. 3. _____ Although ____ we are all aware of the effects of oil on seabirds, oil is also extremely toxic to marine life. 4. Today there is a strong emphasis on the halt of CFC usage. CFCS, ____ Otherwise ____ known as chloro-fluoro-carbons, are ozone depleting chemicals. 5. The smoke in the atmosphere, _____ For example _____, is increasing so much that the amount of sunlight has been reduced in many cities. V. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. needs of dispose of pay off distributed on took hold accompanied by for granted absorbed into in part associated with 1. Green products are biodegradable or easily reused either ______ in part _____ or as a whole. 2. Sea level rise ____ associated with _____ climate change could displace tens of millions of people in low-lying areas - especially in developing countries. 3. A number of World War II munitions exploded as wildfires _____ took hold _____ in a forest around 40 miles southwest of Berlin, Raimund Engel. 4. In explosive eruptions, the fragmented rock may be ____ accompanied by ____ ash and gases; in effusive eruptions, degassing is common but ash is usually not. 5. Most of us take heating and cooling _____ for granted ____. 6. Engage students in thinking about how water is ___ distributed on ____ Earth. 7. Water that falls on the ground can run off into streams or it can be _____ absorbed into _______ the ground. Students may also say that water can evaporate. 8. You cannot sell them or _____ dispose of _____ them without the permission of the finance company. 9. Sustainable energy is energy that meets the _____ needs of ____ the present generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 10. In many areas, including much of Alabama, an investment for sustainable energy sources will ___ pay off __ in just a few short years. VI. Give the correct form of the verbs to fill in the blank. 1. The importance of individual energy sources and options for power generation are changing, as are the ways in which electricity is _______ transmitted_________ (transmit) and distributed. 2. Without action, the impacts of climate change _________ threaten ______ (threaten) to catastrophically damage our world. 3. Oil drilling will continue to be a big deal unless we ________ become ____ (become) less dependent on fossil fuels. 4. Offshore oil drilling has a significant negative impact on fragile marine and coastal ecosystems, and that the risk of a devastating spill isn't worth ______taking______ (take). 5. As landscapes and habitats literally shift, wildlife must quickly ______ adjust ______ (adjust). Page 75

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6. Many key economic sectors - from _______fishing_______ (fish) to energy to water utilities - will feel long-term impacts of climate change. 7. Global warming is now accelerating the rate of sea level rise, ______increasing_______ (increase) flooding risks to low-lying communities. 8. To make your home a healthier, safer, greener place, beginning with small steps. For example, _____make______ (make) a commitment to change just one habit every month. 9. We prefer to ________ describe ______ (describe) a green product as one that has less of an environmental impact or is less detrimental to human health than the traditional product equivalent. 10. Something that is large or with odd dimensions may _______ require ____ (require) a custom packaging solution instead of an out-of-the-box box. VII. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of me following questions. 1. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can significantly reduce cooling bills. A. trivially B. unparticularly C. remarkably D. meaninglessly 2. Solar radiation can be converted either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical energy, though the former is easier to accomplish. A. transformed B. absorbed C. released D. exchanged 3. Adopting a green lifestyle can often be time-consuming for those who are fully committed to green living. A. abandoned B. devoted C. dependent D. relevant 4. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of hydrogen as an alternative energy source. A. infinite B. substitute C. endless D. restricted 5. The sun is a powerful energy source, and this energy source can be harnessed by installing solar panels. A. dug B. transmitted C. devastated D. exploited 6. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future human survival. A. stems B. triggers off C. results from D. be caused by 7. Any environmental damage must be punishable by law, and polluters should pay compensation for the damage caused to the environment. A. rewards B. ransom C. damages D. savings 8. Pollution had also been a major problem, devastating the natural habitats of many animals and damaging the earth beyond repair. A. hopeful B. recoverable C. reversible D. past mending 9. Solar panels could be used on the new development as part of a drive towards environmental sustainability. A. steadiness B. inconstancy C. change D. fluctuation 10. Hazardous gases refer to all kinds of gas that can be potentially harmful to humans in certain concentrations. A. secure B. certain C. excessive D. noxious 11. Many herbicides and pesticides take a long time to degrade and build up in the soils or throughout the food chain. A. dignify B. accumulate C. defrost D. deteriorate 12. There are plenty of potential toxins still being ignored, with less than half of the 5,000 new chemicals widely dispersed throughout the environment since 1950. Page 76

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A. harmless compounds B. safe matters C. poisonous substances D. immortal particles 13. One out of every four premature deaths in India in 2015, or some 2.5 million, was attributed to pollution. A. associated with B. got along with C. derived from D. broken down 14. The authorities are now making a determined effort to adapt to the climate change in mountain regions to ensure that climbing can continue. A. preserve B. stabilize C. adjust to D. generate 15. The biological agents now in use are environmentally benign and are harmless to humans. A. hostile B. unfriendly C. friendly D. unfavorable 16. Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover completely. A. destroyed B. run off C. utilized D. built up VIII. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Contaminants are subsequently removed by harvesting the above-ground shoot biomass for volume reduction and storage. A. later B. eventually C. previously D. afterwards 2. The introduction of harmful substances in the air results in detrimental impacts to the environmental and humanity. A. harmful B. benign C. noxious D. disastrous 3. Offshore oil drilling has a significant negative impact on fragile marine and coastal ecosystems, and that the risk of a devastating spill isn't worth taking. A. durable B. easily broken C. vulnerable D. delicate 4. Without action, the impacts of climate change threaten to catastrophically damage our world. A. beneficially B. ruinously C. fatally D. terribly 5. Global Forest Watch has also initiated a project to counteract deforestation through awareness. A. introduced B. commenced C. launched D. completed 6. Some groups of animals such as amphibians are particularly vulnerable to these chemical pollutants and suffer greatly as a result of the high levels of herbicides and pesticides in their habitat. A. in peril B. in jeopardy C. open to attack D. durable 7. Cigarette butts are not biodegradable and contain extremely toxic soluble chemicals. A. venomous B. deadly C. endangered D. harmless 8. By 2020, global surface temperature will be more than 0.5°C (0.9°F) warmer than the 1986-2005 average, regardless of which carbon dioxide emissions pathway the world follows. A. irrespective of B. without respect to C. in respect to D. disregard for 9. Everyday, the world produces carbon dioxide that is released to the earth's atmosphere and which will still be there in one hundred years time. A. trapped B. let off C. discharged D. emitted 10. Global warming is now accelerating the rate of sea level rise, increasing flooding risks to low-lying communities. A. decelerating B. gaining momentum C. picking up speed D. getting a move on C. READING I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage.

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From the seeds themselves to the machinery, fertilizers and pesticides - The Green Revolution regimen depend heavily on technology. One alternative, however, depends much (1) ____ on technology organic farming. Many organic farmers use machinery, but not chemical fertilizers or pesticides. (2) ____ chemical soil enrichers, they use animal manure and plant parts not used as food - natural, organic fertilizers that are clearly a renewable (3) ____. Organic farmers also use alternatives for pesticides, for example, they may rely on natural predators of certain insect pests. (4) ____ the need arises, they can buy the eggs and larvae of these natural predators and introduce them into their crop fields. They use other techniques to control pests as well, like planting certain crops together because one crop repels the other's pests. Organic farmers do not need a lot of land, in fact organic farming is perfectly (5) ____ to small farms and is relatively inexpensive. Finally, many organic farmers' average yields compare favorably with other farmers' yields. 1. A. more B. less C. better D. worse 2. A. In spite of B. On account of C. In favor of D. Instead of 3. A. resource B. source C. matter D. substance 4. A. Then B. If C. Because D. Thought 5. A. suitable B. open C. likely D. suited II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. GREEN ENERGY Fossil fuels are used to generate the majority of the world's energy, and they come in different forms. For example, coal may be burned in a power (1) ____ to generate electricity, but gasoline is burned in a car's engine to make it run. Neither of these two sources is considered green energy because they produce a lot of pollution when they are burned. In addition, they come from a source that is inevitably going to (2) ____. Green energy can be defined as any energy source that is to some degree non-polluting. When it is called (3) ____, this means that a person can replace the same amount of energy that was consumed by that person (4) ____ that person's lifetime. Since it took millions and millions of years to create the fossil fuels that we now burn, we know that they cannot be replaced by us. Wind power and solar power, (5) ____ harnessed properly, are two excellent sources of green energy. Once the necessary parts such as wind turbines to generate wind power and solar panels to create solar power have been produced, only the pollution from the production is left. 1. A. point B. outlet C. factory D. plant 2. A. run out of B. run out C. burn out D. cut out 3. A. durable B. sustainable C. harmful D. effective 4. A. along B. about C. within D. during 5. A. where B. when C. which D. what III. Choose the word or phrase from the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Experts in climatology and other scientists are becoming extremely concerned about the changes to our climate which are taking place. Admittedly, climate changes have occurred on our planet before. For example, there have been several ice ages or glacial periods. These climatic changes, however, were different from the modern ones in that they occurred gradually and, as far as we know, naturally. The changes currently being monitored are said to be the result not of natural causes, but of human activity. Furthermore, the rate of change is becoming alarmingly rapid. The major problem is that the planet appears to be warming up. According to some experts, this warming process, known as global warming, is occurring at a rate unprecedented in the last 10,000 years. The implications for the planet are very serious. Rising global temperatures could give rise to such ecological disasters as extremely high increases in the incidence of flooding and of droughts. These could Page 78

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have a harmful effect on agriculture. It is thought that this unusual warming on the Earth has been caused by so-called greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, being emitted into the atmosphere by car engines and modern industrial processes, for example. Such gases not only add to the pollution of the atmosphere, but also create a greenhouse effect, by which the heat of the sun is trapped. This leads to the warming up of the planet. Politicians are also concerned about climate change and there are now regular summits on the subject, attended by representatives from around 180 of the world's industrialized countries. Of these summits, the most important took place in Kyoto in Japan in 1997. There it was agreed that the most industrialized countries would try to reduce the volume of greenhouse gas emissions and were given targets for this reduction of emissions. It was also suggested that more forests should be planted to create so-called sinks to absorb greenhouse gases. At least part of the problem of rapid climate change has been caused by too drastic deforestation. Sadly, the targets are not being met. Even more sadly, global warnings about climate changes are often still being regarded as scaremongering. 1. According to the passage, in what way did the climate changes in the ice ages differ from the modern ones? A. They occurred naturally over a long period of time. B. They were partly intended. C. They were wholly the result of human activity. D. They were fully monitored by humans. 2. The word "alarmingly" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____. A. disapprovingly B. disappointingly C. surprisingly D. worryingly 3. According to the passage, agriculture could ____. A. make the global warming more serious B. be indirectly affected by the global temperature rises C. give rise to many ecological disasters D. be directly damaged by the rises in global temperature 4. Greenhouse gases cause the warming up of the Earth because they ____. A. are emitted by car engines B. trap heat from the sun C. do not add to atmosphere pollution D. are unusual gases 5. It can be inferred from the passage that the countries which are mainly responsible for global warming are ____. A. countries with the warmest climate B. developing countries C. developed countries D. the most industrialized countries 6. Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? A. Carbon dioxide is one of the gases that may cause the so-called greenhouse effect B. The so-called sinks created by forests can absorb greenhouse gases. C. The problem of rapid climate change has been caused mainly by deforestation. D. Politicians are among those who are concerned about climate change. 7. The word "drastic" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____. A. hard B. severe C. widespread D. obvious 8. What is probably the writer's attitude toward global warning? A. Optimistic B. Pessimistic C. Neutral D. Positive IV. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. DESERTIFICATION Page 79

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Desertification is the degradation of once-productive land into unproductive or poorly productive land. Since the first great urban-agricultural centers in Mesopotamia nearly 6,000 years ago, human activity has had a destructive impact on soil quality, leading to gradual desertification in virtually every area of the world. It is a common misconception that desertification is caused by droughts. Although drought does make land more vulnerable, well-managed land can survive droughts and recover, even in arid regions. Another mistaken belief is that the process occurs only along the edges of deserts. In fact, it may take place in any arid or semiarid region, especially where poor land management is practiced. Most vulnerable, however, are the transitional zones between deserts and arable land; wherever human activity leads to land abuse in these fragile marginal areas, soil destruction is inevitable. Agriculture and overgrazing are the two major sources of desertification Large-scale farming requires extensive irrigation, which ultimately destroys lands by depleting its nutrients and leaching minerals into the topsoil. Grazing is especially destructive to land because, in addition to depleting cover vegetation, herds of grazing mammals also trample the fine organic particles of the topsoil, leading to soil compaction and erosion. It takes about 500 years for the earth to build up 3 centimeters of topsoil. However, cattle ranching and agriculture can deplete as much as 2 to 3 centimeters of topsoil every 25 years - 60 to 80 times faster than it can be replaced by nature. Salination is a type of land degradation that involves an increase in the same content of the soil. This usually occurs as a result of improper irrigation practices. The greatest Mesopotamian empires-Sumer, Akkad and Babylon- were built on the surplus of the enormously productive soil of the ancient TigrisEuphrates alluvial plain. After nearly a thousand years of intensive cultivation, land quality was in evident decline. In response, around 2800 BC the Sumerians began digging the huge Tigris Euphrates canal system to irrigate the exhausted soil. A temporary gain in crop yield was achieved in this way, but over-irrigation was to have serious and unforeseen consequences. From as early as 2400 BC we find Sumerian documents referring to salinization as a soil problem. It is believed that the fall of the Akkadian Empire around 2150 BC may have been due to a catastrophic failure in land productivity; the soil was literally turned into salt. Even today, four thousand years later, vast tracks of salinized land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers still resemble rock-hard fields of snow. Soil erosion is another form of desertification. It is a self-reinforcing process, once the cycle of degradation begins, conditions are set for continual deterioration. As the vegetative cover begins to disappear, soil becomes more vulnerable to raindrop impact. Water runs off instead of soaking in to provide moisture for plans. This further diminishes plan cover by leaching away nutrients from the soil. As soil quality declines and runoff is increased, floods become more frequent and more severe. Flooding washes away topsoil, the thin, rich, uppermost layer of the earth's soil, and leaves finer underlying particles more vulnerable to wind erosion. Topsoil contains the earth's greatest concentration of organic matter and microorganisms, and is where most of the earth's land-based biological activity occurs. Without this fragile coat of nutrient-laden material, plan life cannot exist. An extreme case of its erosion is found in the Sahel, a transitional zone between the Sahara Desert and the tropical African rain forests, home to some 56 million people. Overpopulation and overgrazing have opened the hyperarid land to wind erosion, which is stripping away the protective margin of the Sahel, and causing the desert to grow at an alarming rate. Between 1950 and 1975, the Sahara Desert spread 100 kilometers southward through the Sahel. 1. Which of the following statement is true about desertification? A. It has a history as long as that of civilization B. It was just as serious in the past as it is today. C. It is a fairy recent problem. D. Ancient societies managed the problem well. Page 80

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2. The word "arable" in paragraph 2 is closet in meaning to ____. A. cultivate B. dry C. settled D. populated 3. According to the passage, many people's understanding of desertification is incorrect because ____. A. they do not think of it as a serious problem B. they see it as being reversible C. they do not see it as being caused by human activity D. they think of it as a very slow process 4. According to the passage, agriculture further desertification through which the following activities ____. A. The repetitive planting of the same crop B. Irrigation C. The stripping away of native vegetation D. Over fertilization 5. The word “degradation” in paragraph 4 is closet in meaning in ____. A. rejuvenation B. deterioration C. contribution D. consumption 6. Paragraph 4 of the passage serves mainly to do which of the following ____. A Show the progress of desertification down through history B. Propose a method for dealing with the desertification problem C. Describe one progress that leads to desertification D. Describe the main cause of desertification in one particular area D. WRITING I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. Alex is very hard-working, yet he will never get promoted by his mean boss. Hard-working as Alex is, he will never get promoted by his mean boss. 2. "Have you ever thought about me in those days?" said her ex. Her ex asked her whether/ if she had ever thought about him in those days. 3. The child must have come home by himself as his mother was busy that day. The child almost certainly have come home by himself as his mother was busy that day. 4. Her change in appearance was way beyond his expectations. Never had he expected her appearance would change so much/she would change so much in appearance. 5. If Ivan comes home late from the party tonight, give him a pair of keys. In case Ivan comes home late from the party tonight, give him a pair of keys. 6 Because the local river was so polluted, all the fish and plants around there died. Because of the local river’s pollution, all the fish and plants around there died. 7. "Why don't we chill out at the nearby swimming pool this weekend, sweetheart?” said Peter to his pregnant wife. Peter suggested to his pregnant wife that they chill out at the nearby swimming pool that weekend. 8. I dislike it when Carlos keeps going at me for such trivial mistakes. I object to Carlos keeping going at me for such trivial mistakes. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. Jane must have her dress ironed before she goes on her blind date with the guy she's been introduced by her lovely bestie. Jane's dress needs ironing before she goes on her blind date with the guy she's been introduced by her lovely bestie. 2. You wouldn't find a person suit you better than your current partner anywhere in the world. No where in the world would you find a person suit you better than your current partner. Page 81

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3. The realization that he had been lying to me about his job all along came much later. Only much later did I realize that he had been lying to me about his job all along. 4. You won't pass the JLPT test easily if you don't practice your Japanese frequently. Without practicing your Japanese frequently, you won’t/ can’t pass the JLPT test easily. 5. The reason why Jenny didn't accept his proposal was that she didn't truly trust his love. As Jenny didn't truly trust his love, she didn't accept his proposal. 6. I am going to the Chinese class this morning, come rain or shine. Whether it rains or shines, I am going to the Chinese class this morning. 7. Failing to pass the crucial exam, you must give up your French studying here from now on. You must either pass the crucial exam or give up your French studying here from now on. 8. Jay Chou is the Chinese singer I admire most of all. There is no Chinese singer (that/ who/ whom) I admire more than Jay Chou. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. government B. monument C. movement D. comment 2. A. motto B. photograph C. force D. vote 3. A. demolish B. supporter C. resource D. reformist 4. A. attained B. resolved C. disused D. decreased 5. A. expand B. stagnant C. vacancy D. applicant II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. compulsory B. biography C. curriculum D. admirable 2. A. predominance B. environment C. technology D. superstition 3. A. mature B. mailbox C. surface D. manner 4. A. struggle B. enlarge C. occur D. survive 5. A. participate B. psychology C. ability D. temporary III. Choose the best answer. 1. Most reptiles have three chambers in their hearts, ____ some do have four. A. in spite B. although C. despite of D. so long as 2. Mammals, ____ are warm-blooded, meaning that they generate their own body heat and are thus more tolerant of temperature extremes. A. On the other hand B. In contrast C. In short D. In conclusion 3. Birds and mammals, ____ they are warm blooded, move more swiftly and have greater physical endurance than reptiles. A. although B. thus C. because D. besides 4. We should set our printer's default ____ it prints on both sides of the page. A. besides B. and C. so D. therefore 5. Your computer may go to sleep, ____ it's still consuming energy. A. but B. even though C. so D. furthermore 6. We use compact florescent light bulbs, ____ last 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs. A. what B. that C. which D. they 7. We should keep our freezer full ____ it runs more efficiently than an empty one. A. therefore B. but C. so D. because 8. ____ brown and black bears, polar bears do not hibernate during the winter. A. Alike B. Unlike C. Unlikely D. Apart from 9. ____, farmers are facing more floods and droughts in our country and elsewhere. A. Meanwhile B. In the meanwhile C. For the meanwhile D. In meantime

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10. ____ these two sources is considered green energy because they produce a lot of pollution when they are burned. A. Both of B. Neither of C. Because of D. On account of 11. Animals like the Bengal tiger, ____ other endangered species, are a valuable part of the world's ecosystem. A. As though B. As a consequence C. As well as D. Such as 12. Some countries, ____ circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animal reserves. A. so as to B. similar to C. owing to D. to conclude 13. You should ____ your car with petrol before starting on a journey. A. deal B. supply C. replenish D. offer 14. The continued ____ of our ozone may cause terrible destruction to our planet. A. conservation B. responsibility C. change D. depletion 15. These eggs come from free-range chickens ____ eat only organic grains. A. which B. what C. who D. they 16. An example of ____ is plant material that produces electricity with steam. A. biomass B. fossil fuel C. purification D. pathway 17. There was no food in the refrigerator, so she had to visit the grocery store to ____ their supply. A. conserve B. make full C. spoilt D. replenish 18. Many native plants have been seriously ____ by the introduction of exotic plants which are taking over. A. depleted B. caused C. disposed D. fulfill 19. Tornadoes are known to have higher winds than tropical cyclones, ____ tornadoes are much smaller. A. so B. however C. therefore D. but 20. Earthquakes are one of the scariest natural phenomena ____ they are so unpredictable. A. because B. but C. so D. neither 21. Too many products come in ____ packaging, and it's so wasteful! A. disposed B. disposing C. disposable D. disposal 22. China, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, and other nations of Asia and the Pacific are making substantial commitments to ____ their natural resources. A. replace B. conserving C. conservation D. be conserved 23. Plant shade trees to reduce summer heat ____ reduce watering needs in summer months. A. and B. but C. so D. or 24. It has been said that the wars of the future will not be fought over land. ____, they will be fought over the water supply. A. However B. Besides C. Instead D. Therefore 25. ____ any ice, there is nowhere for the bears to stalk their prey. A. Despite B. Without C. In addition to D. Apart from IV. Choose the correct word to complete the following sentences. clean defense ecologically benign expense exploited infinite patterns extreme addressing 1. Today, the developed nations who achieved their wealth at the _____ expense ____ of the environment will be held accountable for protecting the earth's resources. 2. We can create environmentally- _____ clean ______ industries, harness the power of the sun, wind and waves for our energy needs and manage the finite _____ defense ______ resources of the Earth. 3. You can make your voice heard in ____ ecologically _____ of the living world by joining Greenpeace today.

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4. In recent years, the chemical industry has introduced several herbicides that are more ___ benign ___ sound. 5. The biological agents now in use are environmentally ____ addressing ______ and are harmless to humans. 6. Environmental groups are _____ exploited _____ environmental concerns in the context of wider issues such as minority and gender relations, poverty, and community development. 7. Renewable resources are _____ infinite ____ so much that they will never be able to recover completely. 8. If we are sensible in how we use the resources they will remain _____ patterns ____. 9. The warming of the Pacific Ocean has created weather ___________________ that strongly affect the world. 10. Global warming is making ______ extreme _____ weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more severe and causing sea levels all around the world to rise. V. Give the correct form of the verbs to fill in the blank. 1. Global Forest Watch has also _____ initiated_____ (initiate) a project to counteract deforestation through awareness. 2. Lessons learned from these techniques can ____be applied___ (apply) across the world, in places where vulnerable species are in danger from encroaching human settlement. 3. The environmental movement _____needs_____ (need) to mature its view of the role of people, technology and corporations. 4. Invasive species can even _____prey_____ (prey) on native species directly, forcing native species towards extinction. 5. Herbicides and pesticides may keep yards looking nice but they are in fact hazardous pollutants that ____affect_____ (affect) wildlife at many levels. 6. Many herbicides and pesticides take a long time ______to degrade ___ (degrade) and build up in the soils or throughout the food chain. 7. Some groups of animals such as amphibians are particularly vulnerable to these chemical pollutants and _____ suffer _____ (suffer) greatly as a result of the high levels of herbicides and pesticides in their habitat. 8. Many opponents of offshore oil drilling point out that better energy efficiency will actually save more barrels of oil than could _____be gained_____ (gain) by all US offshore reserves. 9. Because we are all inhabitants on Earth, everyone is a stakeholder, and every person has something to _____ contribute ____ (contribute) to advance effective pollution prevention awareness. 10. Although we can each help _____combat____ (combat) pollution in our immediate environments, we can do more by working to change legislation and policy on a larger scale. VI. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition. 1. We should all accept personal responsibility ___for___ our local environmental protection programs by actively participating in making our atmosphere pollution-free. 2. The simplest preventive approaches are often quite complicated, expensive, and difficult for a small business ____to___ implement. 3. Every action or inaction of any person has an effect ___on__ the environment–be it good, neutral, or negative. 4. Due to our consumption and improper disposal ___of____ plastic items, human beings have created a swirling mess of garbage. 5. There are plenty of potential toxins still being ignored, ___with___ less than half of the 5,000 new chemicals widely dispersed throughout the environment since 1950.

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6. One out of every four premature deaths in India in 2015, or some 2.5 million was attributed ____to____ pollution. 7. Several other countries such Bangladesh, Pakistan, North Korea, South Sudan and Haiti see nearly a fifth of their premature deaths caused ___by__ pollution. 8. ____In____ the Alps, the glacier surfaces have shrunk by half between 1900 and 2012 with a strong acceleration of the melting processes since the 1980s. 9. The authorities are now making a determined effort to adapt ___to___ the climate change in mountain regions to ensure that climbing can continue. 10. By 2020, global surface temperature will be more than 0.5°C (0.9°F) warmer than the 1986-2005 average, regardless ___of___ which carbon dioxide emissions pathway the world follows. VII. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that needs correction. 1. Today, Indian cities offer a more densely lifestyle with homes and work places surrounded by urban heat islands with dust, noise and pollution. → dense A. densely B. homes C. surrounded D. heat 2. The design of simple, low-energy bioclimatic strategies and better building materials can shelter from the outside world, creating havens of comfortable for occupants of all income levels. → comfort A. bioclimatic B. shelter from C. creating D. comfortable 3. Solar panels could be used on the new development as part of a drive towards environmental sustainable. → sustainability A. could be used B. as C. towards D. sustainable 4. Global warming is now accelerating the rate of sea level raise, increasing flooding risks to low-lying communities. → rise A. accelerating B. raise C. risks to D. communities 5. Air pollution is defined as any contamination of the atmosphere that disturb the natural composition and chemistry of the air. → disturbs A. is defined B. disturb C. composition D. chemistry 6. Water pollution is categorized into point resource, non-point source, and groundwater. → source A. categorized B. into C. resource D. non-point source 7. Soil degradation also contributes to soil pollution, and it occurs as a result of over-graze, over-farming, or mining activities. → over-grazing A. contributes to B. occurs C. over-graze D. mining activities VIII. Choose the best answer to complete the passage. INTERFERING WITH NATURE Climate change is caused by the (1) ____ high levels of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide. It is estimated that average global temperatures will rise (2) ____ between two and six degrees by the end of this century. We all know the effects could be catastrophic, but are we (3) ____ of the possible solutions? Crazy as it sounds, a group of academics from British universities is making a plan to build a 12mile pipe, held up by a huge balloon, that would pump (4) ____ quantities of toxic chemicals, such as Sulphur dioxide, into the atmosphere. Surprisingly, there is good science behind the idea. The chemicals would form a (5) ____ layer around the Earth that would reflect sunlight and so cool the earth, much like the effects of a volcanic eruption. 1. A. absolutely B. extremely C. interestingly D. repeatedly 2. A. by B. with C. for D. in 3. A. able B. capable C. aware D. fond Page 85

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FI CI A

4. A. great B. enormous C. extreme D. absolute 5. A. protecting B. protected C. protective D. protection IX. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. Although noise, commonly defined as unwanted sound, is a widely recognized form of pollution, it is very difficult to measure because the discomfort experienced by different individuals is highly subjective and therefore, variable. Exposure to lower levels of noise may be slightly irritating, whereas exposure to higher levels may actually cause hearing loss. Particularly in congested urban areas, the noise produced as a by-product of our advancing technology causes physical and psychological harm, and detracts from the quality of life for those who are exposed to it. Unlike the eyes, which can be covered by the eyelids against strong light, the ear has no lid, and is therefore, always open and vulnerable; noise penetrates without protection Noise causes effects that the hearer cannot control and to which the body never becomes accustomed. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, including human beings. In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate, blood vessels constrict, the skin pales, and muscles tense. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear, and some of these responses persist even longer than the noise, occasionally as long as thirty minutes after the sound has ceased. Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding in the same way that we would respond to danger. Recently, researchers have concluded that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only to the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that hearing loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well. Fetuses exposed to noise tend to be overactive, they cry easily and they are more sensitive to gastrointestinal problems after birth. In addition, the psychic effect of noise is very important. Nervousness, irritability, tension, and anxiety increase affecting the quality of rest during sleep, and the efficiency of activities during waking hours, as well as the way that we interact with each other. 1. Which of the following is the author's main point? A. Hearing loss is America's number one nonfatal health problem. B. Loud noises signal danger. C. Noise may pose a serious threat to our physical and psychological health, D. The ear is not like the eye. 2. According to the passage, what is noise? A. A byproduct of technology B. Physical and psychological harm C. Congestion D. Unwanted sound 3. Why is noise difficult to measure? A. All people do not respond to it in the same way. B. It causes hearing loss. C. It is unwanted. D. People become accustomed to it. 4. The word congested in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by ____. A. hazardous B. crowded C. polluted D. rushed 5. The word it in the end of the first paragraph refers to ____. A. The quality of life B. our advancing technology C. the noise D. physical and psychological harm 6. Look at the verb accelerate in paragraph 3. Which of the following is the closest meaning to it? Page 86

A. cease B. rise C. swell D. increase 7. It can be inferred from this passage that the eye ____. A. responds to fears B. enjoys greater protection than the ear C. increases function D. is damaged by noise TEST 3

FI CI A

Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the phrase which contains the sound that is assimilated differently from the other three. 1. A. mixed bag

B. basket maker

C. direct methode

D. bad pain

2. A. good morning

B. blood bank

C. white paper

3. A. food poisoning

B. iron man

C. one pair

4. A. garden party

B. credit card

C. sun bath

5. A. fat girl

B. that cake

C. short cut

6. A. cold cream

B. red carpet

C. golden gate

7. A. tin can

B. nice shoes

C. in camera

D. iron curtain

8. A. cheese shop

B. rose show

C. these sheep

D. both sides

9. A. earth science

B. brown bear

C. foreign minister

D. pen pal

10. A. good man

B. red bag

C. custard powder

D. private part

D. old man

D. chicken breast

D. wine box

D. hard copy

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D. good cook

Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 11. The council wants to ____ the character of the city while reconstructing the Old Quarter. B. store

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A. preserve

C. defense

D. abandon

12. Heavy traffic ____ us so we came to the meeting rather late. A. promoted

B. arrested

C. canceled

D. delayed

13. It turned out to be a ____ journey when the weather became bad. A. hazard

B. hazardous

C. hazarded

D. hazarding

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A. creates

14. Poaching ____ the greatest threat to many species. B. presents

C. poses

D. produces

15. In Africa, people's interference in the rhino's ____ leads to habitat loss. A. sector

B. territory

C. domain

D. country

C. Onto

D. In

C. dying on

D. dying down

16. ____ the wild, giant pandas eat bamboo. A. On

B. Into

A. dying out

B. dying of

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17. This species of African elephants is ____. 18. ____ is wiping out many kinds of plants and animals. Page 87

A. Defoliation

B. Deforestation

C. Deformation

D. Degradation

19. The tiger is ____ of extinction. It is difficult to find them in the wild. A. on the wing

B. on the rocks

C. on the verge

D. on the ground

B. energy-expending

C. energy-lacking

D. energy-saving

FI CI A

A. energy-wasting

20. Switching to ____ eco light bulb is one way to protect the environment. 21. ____ batteries or solar chargers are some of the solutions to the lack of energy. A. Rechargeable

B. Reversible

C. Repeatable

D. Returnable

22. I never leave any electrical appliances on standby and I think it is a good way to ____ energy in the home. A. take care of

B. use

C. keep

D. conserve

23. Nowadays, people are searching for more ____ materials to build their houses. B. environmentally-friendly

C. environmental-friendly

D. environmental-friend

24. Every ____ piece of equipment was sent to the fire. A. consumable

B. spendable

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A. environment-friendly

C. available

D. disposable

25. In the ____ agriculture, farmers try to limit the use of chemicals and fertilizers. B. conserving

C. preserving

A. sustainable

D. supporting

26. In Singapore, people try to ____ 80% of all waste. A. reprocess

B. reclaim

C. recycle

D. reuse

27. A good leader in globalization is not to impose but ____ change. B. cause

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A. facilitate

C. show

D. oppose

28. Information technology has ____ our lives. A. evolved

B. reserved

C. assimilated

D. transformed

29. We need to act quickly to ____ to climate change, or it will be a disaster for the whole planet. A. adapt

B. go back

C. reverse

D. transit

B. probably

C. probable

D. probabilities

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A. probability

30. There is little ____ of things improving soon.

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 31. For environmental safety, we need to find ways to reduce emission of fumes and smoke of factories.

A. leak

B. release

C. poison

D. pollutant

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32. Nylon is a man-made fibre, the use of which has helped more people to have cheaper and more colourful clothes to wear. A. natural

B. plastic

C. synthetic

D. artificial Page 88

33. The advances of commercial airplanes resulted in a shrinking world. A. decreasing

B. reduced

C. smaller

D. compressing

34. We have to suffer from traffic congestion and pollution every day. B. fullness

C. mass

D. crowd

A. accident A. imprisonment

B. lock

C. detention

36. The African rhino is an endangered species and needs protecting. A. unstable

B. dangerous

C. insecure C. park

38. Scientists are trying to find an energy that consumes less fuel. A. waste

B. destroy

C. eat up

39. Modern buildings are designed to maximize natural light. B. increase

C. let

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A. absorb

D. Zoo

B. saved land

D. freedom

D. indefensible

37. We can protect many species by keeping them in wildlife reserves. A. protected land

FI CI A

35. Many animals were born in captivity. Resultantly, they do not always breed well.

D. use

D. diminish

40. It's wise to use local fresh produce which is in season. A. cars

B. restaurants

C. crops

D. water

word(s) in each of the following questions.

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined 41. The new policy will help generate more jobs. A. bring out

B. form

C. produce

D. terminate

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42. Her only problem is the limited experience because she is too young. A. narrow

B. considerable

C. insufficient

D . restricted

43. The river is badly polluted with toxic chemicals from that factory. A. poisonous

B. harmful

C. all right

D. deadly

44. I don't believe in anything he says, he is unreliable. B. unstable

A. inaccurate

C. trustworthy

D. irresponsible

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45. 'If we continue to deplete our planets natural resources, we will damage the environment significantly. A. use up

B. add to

C. reduce

D. exhaust

46. She stays incredibly focused and is never distracted by others. A. disturbed

B. confused

C. bewildered

D. concentrated

47. Globally, farmers encroach on forest land to grow crops.

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A. leave

B. invade

C. make road to

D. intrude

48. Poverty in many African countries increases the likelihood that people poach animals to earn their living.

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A. chance

B. prospect

C . possibility

D. improbability

49. Funds are diverted from conservation to military because of war. B. shifted

C. stayed

D. turned aside

50. The number of rhinos is in steady decline. There are fewer rhinos than ever before. B. constant

C. stable

D. Persistent

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A. occasional

A. redirected

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B or C to indicate the correct sentence type for each of the following questions. 51. The yoga room of this fitness centre smells of rose and lemongrass. A. simple

B. compound

C. complex

52. My mother wants me to take up violin but I don't want to do it. B. compound

C . complex

A. simple

53. The students' interests are in maths and science rather than history and literature. A. simple

B. compound

C. complex

A. simple

B. compound

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54. My group is being involved in a competition for the best singers.

C. complex

55. Most people in this town like to play sport, but they don't have enough time. B. compound

A. simple

C. complex

56. Because the game is brand new, numerous students are attracted to it. A. simple

B. compound

C. complex

57. My father and my brother are having a big argument over where our family will spend the summer

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vacation. A. simple

B. compound

C. complex

58. During the disastrous storm, a tree fell down and destroyed our roof top. A. simple

B. compound

C. complex

A. simple

59. The maple leaf, which is Canada's national emblem, was selected in the eighteenth century. B. compound

C. complex

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60. He can sing and dance very well, but he has never performed in public. A. simple

B. compound

C. complex

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

61. ____ he was waiting for Sam outside the cinema, Jim realized that the street was funnily crowded. A. So

B. While

A. while

B. if

C. Unless

D. Even though

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62. I didn't meet him right away ____ he had to talk to his boss first. C. because

D. or

63. ____ what has happened, I think she will never return. Page 90

A. If

B. Unless

C. While

D. After

64. There wasn't a chair for the headmaster, ____ is a big problem. B. which

C. that

D. where

65. The student wiped the board ____ was full of notes and drawings. B. while

C. after

D. so

FI CI A

A. that

A. what

66. True Blood is my favourite TV series, ____ I don't have much time to watch it often. A. although

B. before

C. if

D. yet

67. After the children finished their dinner, they went to bed ____ listened to a bedtime story before falling asleep. A. that

B. and

C. so

D. while

A. because

B. before

C. unless

69. We can leave ____ you are ready. B. whoever

D. even though

C. whenever

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A. whatever

68. The kids show some hatred towards him, ____ he was really nice to them.

D. whichever

70. I like swimming ____ my sister likes jogging and dancing. A. whereas

B. when

C. whenever

D. so

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

71. At the end, everybody cleaned up the whole room, that I hadn't expected before. B

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72. My mother lives next to me which is really convenient. A

73. He shouted at his girlfriend, that really disappointed me. A

74. He drinks quite a lot, what is why he is so ill. B

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75. While wait for the paint to dry, I walked around and talked to the engineers. A

76. My beautiful and intelligent sister turned off TV, sit down and started to cry. B

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77. As if the debt is written off, they will have to sell their house. A

78. And they love to sing, they love to dance. Page 91

79. I came to class very early so the teacher was late due to heavy traffic. A

81. I don't think that he has responsed to my email as I have received nothing. A

82. You are not rich enough to buy all what you like. A

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80. The temperature increases significantly, what makes the ice melt faster.

83. He knows New York very well because he has gone to the city many times. B

84. They will not go nowhere special because they don't have enough money. A

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85. Neither Lan or her friends care about the coming exam. D

86. Which is good for such an old lady like her is that she is healthy enough to cycle. B

87. Jane talks as if she knows all the story. A

88. I heard everything which he said and I was really upset. B

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89. I spent my holiday in a country which is peaceful and picturesque. A

90. The sign is one of the five senses that are vital to anyone. B

Part IV. SPEAKING

exchanges.

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Exercise 8. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following 91. Did you have a good weekend? B. Yes, I am a teacher.

C. Yes, it is lovely.

A. Yes, let's keep in touch.

D. Yes, I didn't do much.

A. That's great. How does it work?

B. Oh, I see. No problem.

C. Really? I am so excited.

D. That was OK at first.

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92. During the trip, we can visit some wildlife reserves to see lions and giraffes.

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93. Can I leave a message to Jim? A. I'll ask him to call you.

B. Of course, you can.

C. If you don't mind.

D. Yes, you can take it. B. That's a good idea.

C. Try me!

95. Excuse me! Can you show me the way to Main Street? A. Um, I am sorry I have no idea.

B. It's easy to do it.

C. Continue.

D. Am I going right?

96. What's the matter? A. No, I don't think so.

B. A few problems.

C. Well, sort of.

well. 97. Would you mind closing the door? A. Yes, I do.

D. You are right.

FI CI A

A. OK, let's do it.

94. You should not leave the light on when you are away.

B. No, of course not.

C. Yes, please

D. I am not very

D. No, thank you.

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98. The shop opens from Monday to Sunday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. every day. A. Really? That's wonderful.

B. There's no way I can do it.

99. Hi, what are you looking for? A. Yes, I usually look for things. C. Oil. Oil that we use for cooking.

D. Yes, of course, I will join you.

C. There's one around the corner.

B. No way I am gonna show you. D. OK, I'll take it.

100. Hi, Alice. Would you like to go to the movies tonight?

B. Thanks. I love to.

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A. Fine. I'll be there.

C. I'll be ready in no time. 101. Anything to drink? A. Well-done!

D. Why? What's the matter? B. Just water please.

C. Yes, I will have soup and beef.

D. Maybe I will go.

B. No never.

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A. No, it isn't.

102. Excuse me, is this seat taken? C. No, I am OK.

D. No, I don't want to.

103. Do you know which animal sleeps the most? A. Let me see it.

B. Let me think.

C. Let me try it.

D. Let me down.

104. Excuse me, could I talk to the manager? B. Yes, I will give it to you.

C. Yes, of course.

D. Yes, thank you.

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A. Yes, I would love to.

105. Everyone should learn more about how to treat the environment well. A. I am sure about that.

B. That's not sure.

C. I don't think so.

D. It's not true. Page 93

Part V. READING Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Every night, almost one billion people go to bed hungry. How can we feed all these (106) ____

FI CI A

people? Farmers all over the world have to content with weather, insects, and natural disasters,

which are capable of (107) ____ crops and ruining years of hard work. And the population is set to rise to nine billion by 2050. Here are four possible solutions. GM crops

Proponents of genetically modified crops (GM crops) claim that they will hugely (108) ____ food production. Scientists have developed drought-resistant and disease-resistant crops, more productive damage to other plants that grow near the GM crops. Vertical farming

crops, and crops with increased vitamins. Anti-GM protesters worry (109) ____ health risks and

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Another answer could be to grow food in buildings. (110) ____ of vertical farming are suggesting we construct multistory, climate-controlled farm buildings in the heart of our cities. One indoor hectare of land would be (111) ____ to above five hectares outdoors, so we could grow year-round

crops that would easily feed whole cities. Opponents point to the cost, the increased energy used and the effect on farmers.

Eat less meat Others say the solution lies not (112) ____ new technologies, but in eating less meat. It takes about seven kilos of corn to produce one kilo of beef. That quality of corn will keep more

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people (113) ____ than that quality of beef. But this is a message the world doesn't want to hear. Meat consumption is rising steeply. Increase aid

Rich countries have far more food than they need and waste vast amount of it - 6.7 million tons a year in the UK (114) ____. We can afford to send surplus food to people (115) ____ need it. We

could also simply give more money to developing countries, (116) ____ they can buy food. (117)

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____ say that this makes people dependent on rich countries and is only a short-term solution. B. unhealthy

C . unbelievable

D. undeniable

107. A. wasting

B. destroying

C. killing

D. harvesting

108. A. strengthen

B. rise

C. increase

D. enlarge

109. A. about

B. to

C. with

D. on

110. A. Promoters

B. Advocates

C. Champion

D. Spokesmen

111. A. same

B. parallel

C. alike

D. equivalent

112. A. on

B. to

C. in

D. over

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106. A. undernourished

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C. vital

D. active

114. A. lonesome

B. lone

C. lonely

D. alone

115. A. whom

B. which

C. who

D. what

116. A. because

B. but

C. so

D. since

117. A. Reviewers

B. Critics

C. Analysts

D. Judges

B. lively

FI CI A

113. A. alive

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine ecosystems. They are full of life, with perhaps one quarter of all ocean species depending on reefs for food and shelter. This is a remarkable statistic when you consider that reefs cover just a tiny fraction of the earth's surface and less than two per

cent of the ocean bottom. Because they are so diverse, coral reefs are often called the rainforests of the ocean. Coral reefs are very important to people. They even provide seventy per cent of the food demands for some marine species, protection of shorelines, jobs based on tourism (nine out of

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twelve activities for tourists in Nha Trang, for example, involve the coral reefs), and even medicines. Unfortunately, climate change is the greatest global threat to coral reef ecosystems. Scientific evidence now clearly indicates that the Earth's atmosphere and ocean are warming, and that these

changes are primarily due to greenhouse gases derived from human activities. As temperatures rise, mass coral bleaching events and infectious disease outbreaks are becoming more frequent. Additionally, carbon dioxide absorbed into the ocean from the atmosphere has already begun to reduce calcification rates in reef-building and reef-associated organisms by altering

QU Y

seawater chemistry through decreases in pH. This process is called ocean acidification. Climate change will affect coral reef ecosystems, through sea level rise, changes to the frequency and intensity of tropical storms, and altered ocean circulation patterns. When combined, all of these impacts dramatically alter ecosystem function, as well as the goods and services coral reef ecosystems provide to people around the globe.

There are also many things you can do to ensure that you are environmentally conscious when you

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visit coral reefs or coastal areas. These include things such as hiring local guides to support the economy, removing all trash from an area, never touching or harassing wildlife in reef areas, and avoiding dropping your boat anchor or chain nearby a coral reef. Finally, stay informed and spread the word! Educate yourself about why healthy coral reefs are

valuable to the people, fish, plants, and animals that depend on them. Your excitement will help

DẠ

others get involved.

118. Though the coverage of coral reefs on the sea bed is ____, its vital role is undeniable. A. remarkable

B. small

C. diverse

D. huge Page 95

119. ____ of all the ocean species find food and home in the coral reefs. A. Two per cent

B. Seventy per cent

C. Twenty-five per cent

D. Nine per cent

B. reef-building

C. sea level rise

D. ocean acidification

121. Which of the following statement is NOT true? A. Coral reefs can be compared to rainforests due to its diversity.

FI CI A

A. infectious disease outbreaks

120. Carbon dioxide from the atmosphere directly caused ____.

B. The effects of global warming are only on the ecosystems themselves.

C. You can help the coral reefs by educating not only yourself but people around you.

D. Human activities which cause greenhouse gases are major reasons for the climate change. A. knowledgeable

B. curious

C. aware

122. The word conscious in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ____.

D. acknowledgeable

Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to

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each of the questions.

The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data

across 25 countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 100,000 in the last decade. (A)

The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest and

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savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2013, to reach a “per elephant" value in terms of tourism income.

They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around $9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest industry.

through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist

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The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable. (C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for

tourists to see and therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits

DẠ

from tourism. Demand from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is killed every 15 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most

Page 96

importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade. Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only consideration governments and communities.

FI CI A

when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could motivate African “It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole different group," he said. 123. The overall profit that the continent lost a year can be estimated to ____. B. 100,000 USD

C. 26 million USD

A. 25 million USD

124. Which of the following statements is TRUE?

D. 9 million USD

A. To get to the conclusion, scientists compared the changes in number of tourists and number of

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elephants in 2009.

B. The only reason why illegal poaching is so difficult to stop is corruption. C. Protecting elephants is for the both the practical and immaterial reasons.

D. There is an argument over the differences in the balance between the loss and the cost to protect the elephants.

125. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A. Across the continent, the amount of money spent on protecting the elephant is smaller than the

QU Y

loss tourist industry is suffering from.

B. The number of tourists reduces because now it is more difficult for them to see the elephants in the wild.

C. One reason why elephants are killed in mass volume is from the increasing market of ivory in South East Asia.

D. Relating poaching to financial benefits can be considered as one of the solutions to the problem.

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126. Which of the positions marked in the passage does the phrase "but the financial argument did not stack up in all areas,” best fit? A. (A)

B. (B)

C. (C)

D. (D)

127. The word plummet in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____. A. fall

B. fluctuate

A. simple

B. outdated

C. rise

D. Stabilize

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128. The word sophisticated in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____. C. advanced

D. basic

129. The word motivate in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ____. Page 97

A. change

B. design

C. form

D. inspire

130. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Elephant poaching costs African millions in tourism revenue

D. Elephant poaching reduces the number of elephants in Africa Part VI. WRITING

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C. Elephant poaching brings an opportunity for Africa to change

B. Elephant poaching does more good than harm

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. A. Helmets must be worn at all times when driving. B. Helmets must be taken around with you when you drive.

131. You must never take the helmet off when you drive.

C. Wearing helmets is never taken into consideration when driving.

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D. Helmets are an optional part of you when you drive.

132. People in Australia are so environmentally-friendly that they create the greenest country in the world. A. Australia is the greenest country in the world though the people are environmentally friendly

B. Australia is the greenest country in the world because the people are environmentally friendly. C. Australia is the greenest country in the world while the people are environmentally-friendly. D. Australia is the greenest country in the world if the people are environmentally friendly. 133. We might stop here if you don't change your way of speaking.

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A. We might stop here unless you don't change your way of speaking. B. We might stop here if you change your way of speaking. C. We might stop here unless you change your way of speaking. D. We might stop here if not you change your way of speaking. 134. When the class was over, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.

A. As long as the class finished, the students ran out, screamed and shouted.

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B. No sooner was the class over, the students ran out, screamed and shouted. C. As soon as the class had finished, the students ran out, screamed and shouted. D. If the class was over, the students would run out, scream and shout. 135. At no time Jane asks me when she uses my bathroom.

A. Jane is always using my bathroom without asking!

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B. It is very unusual for Jane to ask me when she uses my bathroom. C. Jane has no time to ask me when she uses my bathroom. D. Sometimes Jane asks me when she uses my bathroom. Page 98

136. He was about to do something when his mother suddenly shouted out. A. He was doing something when his mother suddenly shouted out.

D. His mother's sudden shouting out helped him to do something. 137. Merry allows her children to stay up late on Saturday evenings. A. Merry makes her children stay up late on Saturday evenings. B. Merry gets her children to stay up late on Saturday evenings. C. Merry helps her children stay up late on Saturday evenings. 138. I was under a strong impression that she had not told the truth. A. I believed that she had not told the truth. C. I protested that she had not told the truth. D. I insisted that she had not told the truth.

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B. I doubted that she had not told the truth.

D. Merry lets her children stay up late on Saturday evenings.

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C. He was on the point of doing something when his mother suddenly shouted out.

B. He refused to do something about his mother suddenly shouting out.

139. He acts like an innocent man even if the evidence shows the contradiction.

A. Even though he acts like an innocent man, the evidence shows the contradiction. B. He acts like an innocent man because the evidence shows the contradiction. C. The evidence shows the contradiction so he acts like an innocent man. D. He acts like an innocent man, as a result, the evidence shows the contradiction.

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Exercise 13. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

140. We paid for the meal. We wanted to say sorry for what we had done. A. In order to pay for the meal, we wanted to say sorry for what we had done. B. We paid for the meal in order to say sorry for what we had done.

C. We paid for the meal although we wanted to say sorry for what we had done.

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D. The meal we paid for is what we want to say sorry for what we had done. 141. My sister thinks the film is too frightening. I am not scared at all. A. My sister thinks the film is too frightening because I am not scared at all. B. My sister thinks the film is too frightening so I am not scared at all.

C. My sister thinks the film is too frightening whereas I am not scared at all.

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D. My sister thinks the film is too frightening although I am not scared at all.

142. He bought her flowers and diamond rings. This action made her fall in love with him. A. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, what made her fall in love with him. Page 99

B. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, that made her fall in love with him. C. He bought her flowers and diamond rings, which made her fall in love with him. D. He bought her flowers and diamond rings which made her fall in love with him.

143. He was so angry with his boss. He quitted his job immediately.

FI CI A

A. Angry with his boss, he quitted his job immediately. B. He quitted his job immediately, angry with his boss. C. Angry with his boss he is, he quitted his job immediately.

D. He was so angry with his boss although quitting his job immediately. 144. Something hit the door. I heard a slam. A. Something hit the door but I heard a slam.

B. Something hit the door when I heard a slam. C. Something hit the door though I heard a slam. D. Something hit the door for I heard a slam.

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145. He doesn't like going out. He doesn't invite any friends home. A. He either goes out or invites any friends home.

B. He neither goes out nor invites any friends home.

C. He not only goes out but also invites any friends home. D. He goes out but not invites any friends home.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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Unit 4

Unit 4. THE MASS MEDIA

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A. VOCABULARY • addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/ (a): nghiện • advent /ˈædvent/ (n): sự đến/ tới sự kiện quan trọng • app ( = application) /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n): ứng dụng • attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/(n): thái độ, quan điểm • connect /kəˈnekt/(v): kết nối •cyberbullying /ˈsaɪbəbʊliɪŋ/(n): khủng bố qua mạng Internet • documentary /ˌdɒkjuˈmentri/(n): phim tài liệu • dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/(a): thống trị, có ưu thế hơn • drama /ˈdrɑːmə/(n): kịch, tuồng • efficient /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ (a): có hiệu quả • emerge /iˈmɜːdʒ/ (v): vượt trội, nổi bật, nổi lên • fivefold /ˈfaɪvfəʊld/ (adj, adv): gấp 5 lần • GPS ( Global Positioning System): hệ thống định vị toàn cầu • leaflet /ˈliːflət/ (n): tờ rơi, tờ in rời • mass /mæs/(n): số nhiều, số đông, đại chúng Page 100

b. Với động từ “to do”:

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(+) S + Ved + O (-) S + didn't + V + O (?) Did (not) + S + V + O?

(+) S + was/ were + O (-) S + wasn't/ weren't + O (?) Was/ were (not) + S + O?

FI CI A

• media /ˈmiːdiə/ (n): ( số nhiềucủamedium) phương tiện • microblogging /ˈmaɪkrəʊblɒɡɪŋ/(n): việc (cá nhân) thường xuyên gửi các tin nhắn/ hình ảnh/ video lên mạng xã hội để cộng đồng mạng biết được các hoạt động của người đăng tin • pie chart /ˈpaɪ tʃɑːt/: biểu đồ tròn • social networking /ˌsəʊʃl ˈnetwɜːkɪŋ/: mạng xã hội • subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/(v): đặt mua dài hạn • tablet PC /ˌtæblət ˌpiː ˈsiː/: máytính bảng • the mass media: truyền thông đại chúng • tie in /taɪ/(v): gắn với • website /ˈwebsaɪt/ (n): vị trí web, điểm mạng, cổng thông tin điện tử B. GRAMMAR REVIEW I. SIMPLE PAST (QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN) a. Với động từ "to be":

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c. Uses (Cách sử dụng) • Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong quá khứ. Ex: I saw a movie yesterday. Last year, I traveled to Japan. • Diễn tả một chuỗi các hành động liên tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ex: I finished worked walked to the beach and found a nice place to swim. Did you add flour, pour the milk and then add the eggs? d. Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết) - Yesterday, ago, upon a time, in 1945 (in a specific year in the past....), last... e. Một số lưu ý đối với thì quá khứ đơn: * Quy tắc thêm “ed” với động từ thường: - Hầu hết động từ được thêm “ed” để biến thành động từ dạng quá khứ Ex: work - worked, visit - visited - Một vài động từ kết thúc bằng phụ âm “y” thì biên "y” thành “i” rồi thêm “ed” để biến thành dạng động từ quá khứ Ex: study - studied, carry - carried - Một vài động từ có dạng 1:1:1 (1 phụ âm + 1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm) thì ta gấp đôi phu âm cuối rồi thêm “ed” Ex: plan - planned, fit - fitted * Cách phát âm đối với động từ có đuôi “ed”: Đúng nhất: Theo phiên âm quốc tế, khi -ED đứng sau các âm sau sẽ được phát âm như sau: Phát âm của -ED Các âm trước -ED /ɪd/ /t/ /d/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /p/ /ʃ/ /tʃ/ /s/ /t/ /θ/ /d/ Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại Mẹo vặt: (Không đúng 100%): Theo hình vị tự: Page 101

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FI CI A

Phát âm của -ED Các âm trước -ED /ɪd/ t d /t/ P x ce f ch sh *gh s *th ph /d/ Các nguyên âm và phụ âm còn lại - Đọc chơi cho dễ nhớ: Pà xã, có fải chú sháu ghé sang Thuận Phước không? - Bạn có thể đặt thành câu khác cho riêng mình để dễ nhớ. Ex: /ɪd/ wanted, needed, demanded, suggested, mended, hated, visited, … /t/ walked, liked, stopped, raped, washed, watched, laughed, sentenced, rated, breathed, stated, looked, cooked, sniffed, missed, mixed.... /d/ played, studied, changed, matched, decreed, .... Note: • Khi *th phát âm là /θ/ thì -ed mới phát âm là /t/ như breathed, ... • Khi *th phát âm là /ð/ thì -ed có phát âm là /d/ như bathed, ... • Khi *gh phát âm là /f/ thi -ed phát âm là /t/ như laughed, coughed, .... • Khi *gh là âm câm thi -ed phát âm là /d/ như ploughed, ... • Nguyên âm + S + ED thì -ed thường được phát âm là /d/ như praised, chased, raised.... Ngoại lệ: - Một số tỉnh từ sau có cách phát âm của -ed là /ɪd/: naked /'neɪkɪd/, learned /'lə:nɪd/, aged /eɪdʒɪd/, beloved /bɪ'lʌvɪd/, blessed /'blesɪd/, crooked /'krʊkɪd/, ragged /'ræɡɪd/, sacred /'seɪkrɪd/, wretched /'retʃɪd/,... - Phần ngoại lệ: Có một chữ có -ed tận cùng được phát âm là /əd/. Chữ đó là hundred /'hʌndrəd/ 2. PAST PERFECT (QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH) a. Form:

(+) S+ had + Vp2/ed + O (-) S + hadn't + Vp2/ed + O (?) Had (not) + S+ Vp2/ed + O?

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b. Uses • Diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước 1 hành động khác trong QK (hành động xảy ra trước dùng QKHT; hành động xảy ra sau dùng QKĐ). Ex: I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai. • Hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ. Ex: I had worked as a librarian before 2010. (Trước năm 2010, tôi là một quản thư). c. Advs (Trạng ngữ nhận biết): When, before, after BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect simple). 1. The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) _______. 2. He (not / be) _______ to Cape Town before 1997. 3. When she went out to play, she (do / already) _______ her homework. 4. My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make) _______. 5. The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) _______ six weeks before. 6. The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) _______. 7. I could not remember the poem we (learn) _______ the week before. 8. The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) _______ from the tree. 9. (he / phone) _______ Angie before he went to see her in London? 10. She (not / ride) _______ a horse before that day. Page 102

6. had not ordered

2. had not been

7. had learned

3. had already done

8. had fallen

4. had made

9. Had he phoned

5. had put on

10. had not ridden

FI CI A

1. had built

Bài 1: Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect simple).

QU Y

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Bài 2: Choose the best answer. 1. By the time Hoa _______ me, I had already finished updating my social networking profile. A. phoned B. had phoned 2. I _______ my homework a long time ago. A. finished B. had finished 3. I _______ of it until you mentioned it. A. didn't hear B. hadn't heard 4. I _______ enough time to finish the exam yesterday. A. didn't have B. hadn't had 5. If I _______, I'd have helped. A. knew B. had known 6. If I _______ how to use this computer, I'd tell you. A. knew B. had known 7. No sooner _______ than I realised what was going on. A. did I arrive B. had I arrived 8. Until last month, I _______ it before. A. didn't try B. hadn't tried Bài 2: Choose the best answer. 1. A

5. B

2. A

6. A

3. B

7. B 8. B

4. A

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Bài 3: Choose the correct time or quantity expressions used with the past perfect tense. 1. How (much/long) had you owned this mobile phone before you bought a new smartphone? 2. I had (yet/already) finished my phone call by the time my classmate Mai arrived. 3. Minh hadn't finished his essay (when/by) the time the submission deadline came. 4. The form teacher had requested that all the exercises should be completed (as soon as/before Friday. 5. How (much/long) had you been on the computer before it froze? 6. They had exchanged emails and instant messages long (after/before) they met face to face. 7. I had always wanted to own a new tablet PC (so/as) I bought one today! Bài 3: Choose the correct time or quantity expressions used with the past perfect tense. 1. long

5. long

Page 103

2. already

6. before

3. by

7. so

FI CI A

4. before

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Bài 4: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense - Past Perfect or Past Simple. 1. After Nam _______ (to spend) his holiday in France he _______ (to want) to learn French. 2. Tim _______ (to phone) Lisa at work before she _______ (to leave) for her trip. 3. Susan _______ (to turn on) the radio after she _______ (to wash) the dishes. 4. When she _______ (to arrive) the match _______ already _______ (to start). 5. After the man _______ (to come) home he _______ (to feed) the cat. 6. Before he _______ (to sing) a song he _______ (to play) the guitar. 7. She _______ (to watch) a video after the children _______ (to go) to bed. 8. After Bill _______ (to make) breakfast he (to phone) his friend. 9. I _______ (to be) very tired because I _______ (to study) too much. 10. They _______ (to ride) their bikes before they _______ (to meet) their friends. Bài 4: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense - Past Perfect or Past Simple. 6. sang - had played

2. had phoned - left

7. watched - had gone

1. had spent-wanted 3. turned on - had washed

8. had made - phoned

4. arrived - had already started

9. was - had studied 10. had ridden - met

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5. had come / fed

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Bài 5: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense- Past simple, past continuous or past perfect. 1. After they _______ (have) a cup of tea, they _______ (have) some cake. 2. They _______ (buy) this flat two years ago. 3. When I _______ (watch) TV, the lights _______ (go) out. 4. He _______ (tell) me that he _______ (see) a lion. 5. He _______ (go) to France last year. 6. After he _______ (call) the police, he _______ (call) the ambulance. 7. She _______ (wash) her hair when her baby _______ (start) to cry. 8. After he _______ (work) hard, he _______ (feel) ill. 9. He _______ (leave) the room after I _______ (explain) all the facts. 10. After he _______ (find) the key, he _______ (open) the door. 11. While he _______ (play) computer games, she _______ (read). 12. They _______ (sell) everything before they _______ (move) to Glasgow. 13. He _______ (visit) me yesterday evening. 14. When I _______ (clean) the room, Mary _______ (come) home. 15. After he _______ (finish) school, he _______ (start) to work in a factory. Bài 5: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense- Past simple, past continuous or past perfect. Page 104

6. had called - called

11. was playing - was reading

2. bought

7. was washing - started

12. had sold - moved

3. was watching -went

8. had worked - felt

13. visited

4. told - had seen

9. left - had explained

14. was cleaning - came

5. went

10. had found - opened

15. had finished - started

FI CI A

1. had had-had

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II. PREPOSITIONS AFTER CERTAIN VERBS (GIỚI TỪ THEO SAU MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ) Một số động từ thường có các giới từ đi kèm theo sau.  ABOUT - Agree about sth: đồng ý, đồng tình về điều gì / agree on sth E.g: We agree about the need for change, (on) (Chúng tôi đồng ý về nhu cầu thay đổi.) - Argue about sth: tranh luận/ tranh cãi về điều gì E.g: We argued about spending money. (Chúng tôi tranh cãi về việc tiêu tiền.) - Care about sb/ sth: quan tâm, chú ý đến ai/ điều gì đó E.g: She did not care about other people. (Cô ta không quan tâm đến những người khác.) He cares deeply about environmental issues. (Anh ta rất quan tâm đến các vấn đề môi trường.) - Complain about sth: phàn nàn, kêu ca về điều gì E.g: He complained about the poor quality of service he had received in this hotel.

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(Anh ta phàn nàn về chất lượng dịch vụ kém cỏi mà anh ta nhận được tại khách sạn này) - Forget about sth: quên điều gì đó E.g: She forgets about calling US. (Cô ấy quên gọi chúng tôi.) - Talk about: nói về/ bàn về E.g: She is talking about getting married. (Cô ta đang nói về việc kết hôn.) - Think about: nghĩ về, xem xét E.g: We think about money. (Chúng tôi nghĩ về tiền bạc) - worry about: lo lắng về E.g: He's always worrying about his weight. (Anh ấy luôn lo lắng về cân nặng của mình.) - dream about: mơ về E.g: I dreamt about you last night. (Tối qua tôi đã mơ thấy bạn.)  AGAINST - decide against sth/ doing sth ~ decide not to do sth: quyết định chống lại điều gì/ quyết định không làm gì E.g: They decided against taking legal action. (Họ quyết định chống lại tố tụng) - warn (sb) against sb/ sth: cảnh báo/ cảnh cáo (ai) về ai/ điều gì, không nên làm gì E.g: He warned us against pickpockets, (ông ấy cảnh báo chúng tôi về những kẻ móc túi.) The guidebook warns against walking alone at night. (Quyển sách hướng dẫn cảnh báo không được đi một mình vào ban đêm.)  AFTER Page 105

FI CI A

- look after - take care of: chăm sóc, trông nom E.g: I will look after your children. (Tôi sẽ chăm sóc con của bạn)  AT - excel at sth: trội, xuất sắc về cái gì E.g: He excels at playing chess. (Anh ấy chơi cờ rất xuất sắc) - laugh at: cười ai/ điều gì E.g: You never laugh at my jokes! (Cậu chưa bao giờ cười khi tớ kể chuyện cả!) - rejoice at sth: mừng rỡ, vui mừng về điều gì E.g: They rejoiced at hearing the news. (Họ rất mừng khi nghe tin)  FOR - apologize for sth: xin lỗi về điều gì E.g: I apologized for being late. (Tôi xin lỗi vì đã đến muộn)

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We apologize for the late departure of this flight. (Chúng tôi xin lỗi vì sự chậm trễ của chuyến bay) - care for sb -take care of sb: chăm sóc ai đó đang bị ốm, người già hoặc trẻ em E.g: He is caring for three orphans in this area. (Anh ấy chăm sóc ba đứa trẻ mồ côi trong khu này) - care for sb/ sth: thích, yêu mến ai/ điều gì E.g: He cared for her more than she realized. (Anh ấy yêu cô ấy nhiều hơn là cô ấy nhận ra) - stand for sth: là chữ viết tắt của cái gì; đại diện cho cái gì; tha thứ cho điều gì; ủng hộ điều gì

E.g:

Doves stand for peace. (Bồ câu tượng trưng cho hòa bình.)

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I wouldn't stand for that sort of behaviour from him, if I were you. (Nếu tôi là bạn thì tôi sẽ không tha thứ cho cách cư xử đó của anh ta.) - wait for sb/ sth: đợi ai/ điều gì

E.g: I have been waiting for her for over 30 minutes. (Tôi đã đợi cô ấy hơn ba mươi phút)  FROM

- keep from sth: ngăn cản, nén, kiêng, nhịn, nín

She could hardly keep from laughing. (Cô ấy khó mà nhịn được cười.) - recover from sth: phục hồi, hồi phục

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E.g: He recovered from his operation. (Anh ấy đã hồi phục sau cuộc phẫu thuật) - suffer from sth: chịu đựng, bị, đau cái gì

E.g: He suffers from asthma. (Anh ta bị bệnh hen suyễn.) - refrain from sth: ngăn cản, ngừng, kìm lại, nhịn không làm gì

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E.g: Please refrain from smoking. (Vui lòng ngừng hút thuốc.)

 IN - believe in: tin tưởng, tin ở ai/ cái gì Page 106

E.g: Do you believe in God? (Bạn có tin vào Chúa không?) - deal in sth: buôn bán E.g: The company deals in computer software. (Công ty buôn bán bằng phần mềm máy tính)

- engage in sth: tham gia, tiến hành làm gì

FI CI A

E.g: Even in prison, he continued to engage in criminal activities. (Ngay cả khi ở trong tù, anh ta vẫn tiếp tục tham gia vào các hoạt động tội phạm.) - participate/ take part + in sth: tham gia vào

E.g: They will participate in running the race. (Họ sẽ tham gia vào cuộc chạy đua) - result in sth: gây ra, dẫn đến, đưa đến

E.g: His recklessness resulted in failure. (Sự liều lĩnh của anh ta đã dẫn đến thất bại.)

- specialize in sth: chuyên về, trở thành chuyên gia về, nổi tiếng về

E.g:The shop specializes in hand-made chocolates. (Cửa hàng này chuyên bán sôcôla tự làm.) - succeed in sth: thành công trong việc làm gì

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E.g: He succeeded in winning the race. (Anh ấy đã thắng trong cuộc đua)  OF - approve of: tán thành, chấp thuận, bằng lòng E.g: They didn't approve of his actions. (Họ không tán thành hành động của anh ta) - dream of: mơ ước về điều gì (lúc bạn thức) E.g: I dreamt of being an English teacher. (Tôi đã mơ ước trở thành giáo viên Tiếng Anh.) - take care of: chăm sóc, trông nom E.g: You should take better care of yourself. (Bạn nên chăm sóc bản thân tốt hơn) - think of: nghĩ tới, nhớ tới, tưởng tượng E.g: That's a good idea. Why didn't I think of that? (Ý kiến đó hay đấy. Tại sao tôi không nghĩ tới nhỉ?)  OFF - call off ~ cancel: hủy bỏ E.g:

He called off playing the game in the rain. (Anh ấy dừng chơi trò chơi trong cơn mưa)

The game was called off because of bad weather. (Trò chơi bị hủy bỏ bởi thời tiết xấu) - put off ~ delay: trì hoãn

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E.g:

Perhaps we should put off the trip to Ha Long Bay. A big storm is coming.

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(Có lẽ chúng ta nên tạm hoãn chuyến đi Vịnh Hạ Long. Một cơn bão lớn đang đến.)  OVER think over: xem xét, cân nhắc kỹ lưỡng trước khi đưa ra quyết định E.g: He'd like more time to think things over. (Anh ấy cần thêm thời gian để cân nhắc)

- talk over: thảo luận tỉ mỉ điều gì Page 107

- concentrate on: tập trung E.g: She gave up German in order to concentrate on her French. (Cô ấy từ bỏ tiếng Đức để tập trung vào tiếng Pháp)

- depend on: phụ thuộc

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E.g: We agreed on renting the house. (Chúng tôi đồng ý cho thuê ngôi nhà)

E.g: You'll find it helpful to talk things over with a friend. (Bạn sẽ thấy hữu ích khi thảo luận mọi thứ với bạn bè.)  ON - agree on sth: đồổng ý việc gì

E.g: We depend on getting help. (Chúng tôi phụ thuộc vào việc giúp đỡ) - go on: tiếp tục

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E.g: Will you go on working? (Bạn sẽ tiếp tục làm việc chứ?) - insiston: khăng khăng

- keep on: tiếp tục

E.g: He insisted on his innocence. (Anh ta khăng khăng rằng bản thân vô tội)

E.g: We keep on working. (Chúng tôi tiếp tục làm việc) - plan on: có ý định/ dự định làm gì

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E.g: We hadn't planned on going anywhere this evening. (Chúng tôi không có dự định đi đâu tối nay cả.) - rely on: tin cậy vào, dựa vào, tin vào

E.g: You should rely on your own judgement. (Bạn nên tin vào phán đoán của bản thân.)  TO - adjust to sth ~ adapt to: thích nghi với cái gì E.g: I have adjusted to living in the U.S. (Tôi phải thích nghi với cuộc sống ở Mỹ.)

- agree to sth: đồng tình, tán thành, đồng ý với việc gì

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E.g: Do you think he'll agree to their proposal? (Bạn có nghĩ rằng anh ta sẽ tán thành lời đề nghị?) - look forward to: mong đợi, chờ đợi E.g: I look forward to seeing you. (Tôi rất mong được gặp bạn.) - object to: chống đối, phản đối với

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E.g: Many local people object to the building of the new airport. (Rất nhiều người dân địa phương phản đối việc xây dựng sân bay mới)  WITH - agree with sb/ sth: đồng tình, đồng ý với ai/ điều gì Page 108

E.g: I agree with her analysis of the situation. (Tôi đồng tình với phân tích của cô ấy trong tình huống này.)

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■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 6: Choose the best answer. 1. He has decided not to apply _______ that job he saw advertised. A. for B. to C. on D. of 2. They discussed _______ many important questions during the meeting. A. to B. on C. no preposition D about 3. Tom likes his job but he doesn't talk _______ it much. A. of B. about C. no preposition D. for 4. Nam is so selfish. He doesn't care _______ anyone except himself. A. of B. about C. for D. in 5. I looked _______ my books everywhere but I couldn't find them anywhere. A. at B. up C. after D. for 6. My father cared _______ my mother when she was sick. A. to B. for C. on D. in 7. Do you believe _______ ghosts? A. in B. of C. about D. on 8. What were they arguing _______? A. at B. about C. of D. in 9. The IT specialists apologised _______ being late because of the heavy traffic. A. for B. in C. of D. about 10. I talked _______ her about this matter. A. for B. of C. about D. to 11. My husband specializes _______ computer software. A. for B. about C. in D.of 12. The course in this school appeals _______ me the most. A. by B. on C. to D. of 13. He's always boasting _______ the one time he was on TV! A. about B. on C. at D. for 14. Poor Linda! She suffers _______ migraine headaches. A. to B. at C. for D. from 15. How are you feeling? Have you recovered _______ your operation yet? A. from B. to C. on D. at Bài 6: Choose the best answer. 1. A (apply for: nộp đơn xin việc) 2. C (discuss sth: thảo luận điều gì) 3. B (talk about sth: nói chuyện vể điều gì) 4. B (care about: quan tâm) 5. D (look for: tìm kiếm)

- mess with sb/ sth: can thiệp vào, xía vào, dính vào

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6. B (care for: chăm sóc) 7. A (believe in: tin tưởng, tin) 8. B (argue about/ over sth: tranh cãi, tranh luận về điểu gì) 9. A (apologize for sth: xin lỗi về điều gì) 10. D (talk to sb: nói chuyện với ai) 11. C (specialize in: chuyên về) 12. C (appeal to sb: hấp dẫn/lôi cuốn với ai) 13. A (boast about: khoe khoang, khoác loác về) 14. D (suffer from: chịu đựng, đau) 15. A (recover from: bình phục, hồi phục, khỏi bệnh Bài 7: Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition. 1. Don't worry _______ your exam! Everything will be OK. 2. I've waited _______ him for 30 minutes. I'm going home. 3. Stop talking and concentrate _______ your work. 4. Don't forget to pay _______ the meal. 5. He explained the answer _______ me. 6. I don't know what I will do at the weekend. It depends _______ the weather. 7. She will arrive _______ New York at 2 p.m. 8. I like to listen _______ music when I have free time. 9. He borrowed this book _______ his brother. 10. Who does this car belong _______? Bài 7: Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition. 1. about (worry + about: lo lắng về) 2. for (wait + for: chờ đợi) 3. on (concentrate on: tập trung vào) 4. for (pay + for: trả tiền cho) 5. to (explain sth to sb: giải thích cái gì cho aí) 6. on (depend + on: phụ thuộc vào) 7. in (arrive at + nơi chốn nhỏ "làng xã, sân bay, nhà ga,..."; arrive in + nơi chốn lớn "thành phố, đất nước,...") 8. to (listen + to: lắng nghe) 9. from (borrow sth from sb: mượn cái gì của ai) 10. to (belong + to: thuộc về sở hữu ai) ■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 8: Change the following compound sentences into complex sentences. 1. He's a good friend and very helpful - you can always rely _______ him. A. on B. for C. with D. to 2. Accommodation was so expensive in Switzerland. I spent all my money _______ hotels. A. at B. for C. on D. to 3. You can confide _______ me if you have a personal problem you need to discuss. A. for B. in C. on D. at 4. He's always boasting _______ how good a guitarist he is. A. to B. about C. on D. at

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7. D

2. C

8. A

3. B

9. D

4. B

10. D

1. A

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5. My boss has just resigned. I don't think he could cope _______ the pressure. A. to B. with C. on D. by 6. The online game is aimed _______ teenagers and young adults. A. for B. in C. at D. on 7. My wife has passed her driving test and has applied _______ her license. A. in B. at C. to D. for 8. My grandfather suffered _______ arthritis. A. from B.on C. in D. of 9. Do you believe _______ life after death? A. for B. at C. on D. in 10. I liked English at school, but I was terrible _______ French. A. for B. on C. in D. at 11. The careers officer will provide you _______ all the relevant information about the job. A. by B. in C. with D. at 12. I always turn _______ my father for advice. He's like a wise owl. A. for B. to C. on D. By Bài 8: Change the following compound sentences into complex sentences.

5. B

11. C 12. B

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6. C

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Bài 9: Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition. 1. I need you to explain _______ Mary the lesson. 2. It's a bad problem, so you should do something _______ it. (to resolve something) 3. I thought _______ you when I heard that song. 4. They are thinking _______ going to Nha Trang for holiday. 5. I'm sorry to hear _______ your accident. 6. He blamed me _______ the accident. 7. He blamed the accident _______ me. 8. They will provide us _______ all the necessary information soon. Bài 9: Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition.

1. to

5. about 6. for

3. of

7. on

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Bài 10: Complete the following sentences with the verbs either in Past Simple or Past Perfect Tense. Page 111

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1. After we _______ it on the phone, I _______ him an email about it. (discuss, write) 2. Before we _______ Bin to the theatre, he _______ a stage play before. (take, never see) 3. By the time we _______, the football match _______. (arrive, finish) 4. He _______ to do the job in an hour, but he still _______ by 7 o'clock. (promise, not finish) 5. I _______ the carpet when the dog in and shook himself. (just clean, come) 6. By the time I _______, the concert _______. (arrive, finish) 7. I _______ the shop as soon as I the contents of the box. (ring, check) 8. They _______ the door before I _______ there. (lock, get) 9. We _______ a good rest when our guests _______. (have, leave) 10. When she _______ the office this morning, Tom _______ out. (ring, already go)

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Bài 10: Complete the following sentences with the verbs either in Past Simple or Past Perfect Tense. 1. had discussed, wrote 2. took, had never seen 3. arrived, had finished. 4. promised / had promised, hadn't finished 5. had just cleaned, came 6. arrived, had finished. 7. rang, checked / had checked 8. had locked, got 9. had, had left 10. rang, had already gone out

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Bài 11: Complete the e-mail with suitable prepositions. If no preposition is necessary, write “x” in the gap. Hi Daisy, Have you heard from Tim recently? I telephone (1) _______ him last week and also sent (2) _______ him an e-mail but he hasn't replied. I want to apologize (3) _______ him (4) _______ forgetting to water his plants while he was away. He left me the keys to his room but I completely forgot. I don't suppose he'll ever rely (5) _______ me for anything after this! re you going to take part (6) _______ the music concert at the end of the term? I am. Rehearsals start this week and I'm going to sing a traditional song from my country. I think it's a great way to make friends (7) _______ people I wouldn't meet otherwise. By the way, I must congratulate you (8) _______ your test results! I wish somebody would explain (9) _______ me how to get an A on a test! Seriously, though, you worked hard and you deserve it. Take care, Lisa Bài 11: Complete the e-mail with suitable prepositions. If no preposition is necessary, write V in the gap. 1. x

4. for

7. with

2. x

5. on

8. on

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3. to

6. in

9. to

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Test 1 A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A approved B. answered C. passed D. uttered 2. A. doubted B. wedded C. connected D. passed 3. A. managed B. laughed C. captured D. signed 4. A. washed B. exchanged C. experienced D. mixed 5. A. filled B. added C. started D. intended 6. A. wanted B. booked C. stopped D. laughed 7. A. booked B. watched C. jogged D. developed 8. A. kneeled B. bowed C. implied D. compressed 9. A. bottled B. explained C. trapped D. betrayed 10. A. laughed B. stamped C. booked D. contented II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. headache B. present C. nation D. planet 2. A. playwright B. active C. global D. tonight 3. A. advent B. emerge C. prevent D. event 4. A. efficiency B. society C. documentary D. proficiency 5. A. painting B. visit C. portrait D. enough 6. A. canteen B. children C. lengthen D. nothing 7. A. appropriate B. documentary C. entertainment D. confirmation 8. A. dominant B. Internet C. attitude D. entertain 9. A. efficient B. digital C. networking D. privacy 10. A. transmitted B. taken C. delivered D. produced B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR I. Complete the following sentences with "for" or "since", and the correct form of fife verb in brackets. 1. I _____haven’t had_____ (not have) time to finish my work _____since____ Sunday. 2. Nobody _____has written_____ (write) to Norma ______since______ she left university. 3. She _____has eaten______ (eat) the same food _______for______ three days. 4. I _____haven’t played______ (not play) tennis _______for______ a year now. 5. I don't think I ____have seen__ (see) you _____since_____ 2003. 6. It _____hasn’t rained____ (not rain) here _______since______ last June. 7. We _____have lived_____ (live) in this house _____since______ it was finished. 8. My father ___hasn’t listened____ (not listen) to me ____since____ I failed the entrance exam to university. 9. They ____haven’t studied_____ (not study) _____since_____ Tet holidays. 10. Mum ____has been____ (be) to America _____for_______ three weeks. II. Choose the right alternative. 1. I washed/ have washed my hands so that I can help you with the cooking. 2. She arrived/ has arrived at Kennedy Airport at 2 o'clock this morning. 3. The Pharaohs ruled/ has ruled Egypt for thousands of years. 4. I found/ have found the letter you looked/ were looking for. Here it is. 5. They grew/ have grown such a lot since we last saw/ has seen them.

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6. We recently started/ have recently started to walk to work instead of taking the bus. 7. When I was younger I played/ had played badminton for my local team. 8. I have had/ am having the pains for three weeks now. 9. So far it was/ has been so cold that we stayed/ have stayed in the house all day. 10. The last time I went/ have gone to Brighton is/ was in August. 11. Don't disturb Amy. She just went/ has just gone to sleep. 12. Bill phones/ is phoning his girlfriend again. That's the third time he phoned/ has phoned her this evening. 13. Since the eruption started/ has started all the villages on the slopes of the volcano have evacuated/ have been evacuated. 14. House prices increased/ have increased dramatically in recent years. 15. Jim decided/ has decided to continue the course, even though it is proved/ was proving very difficult. III. Choose the correct word in the bracket to complete the sentences. shoot show censore broadcast edit scan print receive publish refer download 1. The term the mass media in English _____ refers ___ basically to TV, radio and newspapers. 2. The BBC World Service ______ broadcasts _____throughout the world. 3. A short wave or a VHF radio can ______ receive ______ many interesting stations. 4. They're _____ showing______ a good film on TV tonight. 5. I _____ downloaded______ a good program from the Internet the other day. Would you like a copy? 6. This book was ____ published______ by CUP and it was ____ printed______ in Cambridge. 7. This article has been badly _____ edited______. 8. The film was _____ shot _____ in Spain. 9. They ____ censored_____ the film before showing it on TV. 10. I ____ scanned____ some photos I'd taken, so that I could send them to a friend in Australia. IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. 1. That morning, I spent maybe 40 minutes _____poring___ over the horror of the shooting and a million other things the newspapers had to tell me. PORE 2. We have spent much of the past few years discovering that the digitization of news is ruining how we ____collectively____ process information. COLLECT 3. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and ____advertising_____ revenue. ADVERTISE 4. Sweet people turn nasty at the ______drop____ of a hat on FB; it's stunning how fast they turn: like a hungry Rottweiler being teased with a piece of red meat. DROPPING 5. With ____regard____ to the above paragraph about nasty FBers, a recent study said that FB makes us "feel badly about ourselves", "makes us envious", "makes us sad" and “is a tedious distraction”. 6. Social networks and the analysis of them is an inherently interdisciplinary academic field which ____emerged_____ from social psychology, sociology, statistics, and graph theory. EMERGE 7. The first commercial automated cellular network was ____launched_____ in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone in 1979. LAUNCH 8. Like many nonprofits, we use Facebook to connect with our audiences, and they use Facebook to stay in ____touch______ with us. TOUCHING 9. During that time, we've grown ____significantly___ as an organization - adding staff positions, increasing programming. SIGNIFICANT

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10. Some video clips and images shared by your friend may make you laugh and your brain gets some ____relaxation___. RELAX V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Media plays a significant role in keeping everyone updated about the various events around the world. A. informed B. disinterested C. indifferent D. reluctant 2. Today, we can check out the latest news and current affairs with just few clicks of mouse or by simply switching on the radio or television A. matters B. meetings C. affections D. approval 3. The main purpose of media is to disseminate the information and knowledge. A. restrict B. spread C. conceal D. make it off the record 4. Cyber-bullying is commonplace online, causes emotional trauma, and sometimes even leads to suicide. A. stimulation B. motivation C. disorder D. excitement 5. The Internet is a treasure trove of information, which offers knowledge on any given topic under the sun. A. sparsely B. scarcely C. abundantly D. undoubtedly 6. The webs update news about the latest breakthroughs in the field of medicine, technology, and other domains of science. A. setbacks B. demerits C. hindrances D. headways 7. Finding the latest updates about celebrities and exploring lifestyle websites have become day-to-day activities of many Internet consumers. A. abnormal B. extraordinary C. exceptional D. habitual 8. These days, online gaming has tasted dramatic and phenomenal success because of its ever-increasing demand throughout the world. A. usual B. ordinary C. remarkable D. run-of-the-mill 9. Social networking has also evolved as a great medium to connect with like-minded Individuals and become a part of interesting groups and communities. A. having similar ideas and interests B. having indifferent behaviors C. having habits in common D. having similar mental disorders 10. Children addicted to computers are being sent on camping holidays designed to help them kick the habit. A. dependent on B. hooked on C. indifferent to D. exhausted by VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Excessive amounts of time at a computer can contribute to obesity, undeveloped social skills and a form of addictive behavior. A. over the top B. a bit much C. unrestrained D. limited 2. The Internet has become an indispensable business tool, which has helped bring the world closer. A. fundamental B. vital C. dispensable D. significant 3. Newspapers enjoyed the position of the most preferred medium to reach a wider audience until electronic communication emerged on the media scene. A. turned up B. came into view C. came out D. disappeared 4. For many teens, texting is the dominant way that they communicate on a day-to-day basis with their friends. A. secondary B. principal C. leading D. outstanding 5. Duolingo helps you learn multiple languages simultaneously at no extra charge. Page 115

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A. concurrently B. together C. at the same time D. singly 6. These days more and more children are experiencing a stressful and miserable adolescence due to bullying. A. sorrowful B. depressed C. contented D. tragic 7. Studies show that bullying can greatly impact a child's life and have long-lasting negative effects. A. durable B. short-lived C. permanent D. lifelong 8. Until recently, many teachers and school officials turned a blind eye to bullying, believing that the students would eventually sort it out by themselves. A. became attentive to B. paid no attention to C. seemed ignorant of to D. took no interest in 9. Some people with large enough fans bases can earn a very wealthy living by uploading a few videos every week. A. impoverished B. well off C. rolling in money D. well-to-do 10. Face-to-face socializing is not as preferred as virtual socializing among the youth. A. facing B. eyeball to eyeball C. indirect D. direct VII. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. Have you any comment to ____ about the cause of the disaster? A. make B. complain C. show D. demonstrate 2. Any event attended by the actor received ____ media coverage. A. big B. large C. widespread D. much 3. The ____ of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. A. total B. sum C. amount D. average 4. We thought she was arrogant ____ in fact she was just very shy. A. whereas B. although C. despite D. provided 5. Are you ____ trouble again? A. doing B. causing C. creating D. bringing 6. The sword was presented by the family ____ the museum. A. for B. onto C. to D. with 7. The truth of this statement has been effectively ____ in Chapter 1. A. demonstrated B. pronounced C. declared D. published 8. Their music still enjoys widespread ____ among teenagers. A. popular B. popularity C. public D. publicity 9. As far as I'm ____ nobody has done anything about it. A. know B. aware C. hope D. awake 10. Focusing upon human curiosity is an ingenious idea that would ____ to the creation and launch of Quota in June, 2009. A. direct B. go C. lead D. aim 11. The app - WhatsApp - relies ____ the Internet to send images, texts, documents audio and video messages to other users that have the app installed on their devices. A. on B. at C. in D. with 12. The lessons provided by Duolingo are designed to increase in difficulty as the user ____. A. continues B. moves forward C. progresses D. goes forward 13. With Anki App, users can ____ themselves through quickly sessions, often lasting one minute or less, in order to test their knowledge of Japanese. A. challenge B. compete C. stop D. doubt 14. The commission is calling for a global ban ____ whaling. Page 116

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A. in B. on C. with D. for 15. I haven't seen Gary ____ a long time. Who is he? A. in B. for C. since D. at 16. It's ages ____ I last ate Italian food. A. for B. when C. while D. since 17. I've written to Helen ____. A. last week B. yet C. recently D. nowadays 18. What have you been doing ____? A. today B. yesterday C. far so D. all ready 19. I had dinner with Sue ____. A. last night B. already C. so far D. lately 20. Twitter is a micro-blogging ____ that allows users to post brief, 140 character messages - called "tweets" – and follow other users' activities. A. device B. appliance C. instrument D. tool 21. After you ____, it automatically connects you to all the people in your address book who also are using WhatsApp. A. log out B. sign up C. start D. access 22. Similar to the way they use Facebook, teens may ____ the "success" of their photos - even their selfworth - by the number of likes or comments they receive. A. value B. indicate C. weigh D. measure 23. This social network - LinkedIn-basically lets you ____ with people in a professional way. A. join B. connect C. relate D. associate 24. Tom hasn't been here ____ you came here together. A. for B. when C. since D. as 25. Harry ____ look well since he on a diet. A. doesn't - went B. didn't go C. hasn't - went D. hasn't - has gone 26. I can't give you the report I ____ for today because I ____. A. promise - don't finish B. promised - didn't finish C. have promised - didn't finish D. have promised - haven't finished 27. I'm sorry about not coming last week. I ____ a cold and so I ____ at home. A. have - stay B. had - stayed C. have had - stayed D. have/ have stayed 28. Wait a minute. I ____ an idea. Let's go and see Roger. We last ____ him a long time ago. A. had - saw B. have - saw C. have - see D. have - had seen 29. It's nice to be back here, in London. It's the second time I ____ here. A. am coming B. have come C. come D. came 30. I'm phoning about your advertisement for a bicycle for sale, which ____ in the local paper. ____it? Or is it still available? A. Saw - Have you sold B. have seen - did you sell C. saw - did you sell D. have seen - have you sold VIII. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs correcting. 1. I was merely questioning weather we had the money to fund such a project. A B C D → whether 2. We'll see you after the performance also give you £50 for the tickets, or however much they cost. A B C D → and give 3. Do they play any other sports beside basketball and volleyball? A B C D → besides Page 117

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4. In addition her flat in Hanoi, she has a new house in Vung Tau and a villa in Ho Chi Minh City. A B C D → In addition to 5. There's not much flour left but you're welcome to what few there is. A B C D → little 6. Susan slept soundly for 10 hours! You must wake her. A B C D → has been sleeping 7. Because of coming into the office on weekends, Mr. Smith never gets enough work done. A B C D → In spite of/ Despite 8. Sales of the newest computer have doubled since the past eight months. A B C D → in/ during 9. The members of the personnel committee has decided to revise the employee handbook. A B C D → have 10. No one knows what the ultimate affect of the global pollution will be. A B C D → effect C. READING I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space. worth sources physical delivered contents information publications drawbacks convey subscriptions As printed media begin to lose their dominance as a way to (1) ____ convey _____ information to the world, electronic media have stepped up and taken their place. Many people no longer read newspapers or magazines in their traditional paper forms, but they still do read. The (2) ____ physical ____ delivery system is what has happened, may people are reading newspapers or magazines off of their smartphones, tablets, or on their computer screens. The (3) ____ contents _____ of the newspapers and magazines strive to be the same, but the new way it is presented has some (4) ____ drawbacks ____ as well as benefits. One of the biggest drawbacks about electronic newspapers and magazines is that they are often read without a subscription. As electronic media are (5) ____ delivered ____ instantly over the Internet, the only way that money can be made is through advertisements, as most people don't want to pay for electronic (6) ___ subscriptions ___. This has left many of the news outlets on the Internet scrambling to find (7) _____ sources ____ of revenue. Probably the greatest criticism of online newspapers and magazines is that there often isn't very much invested in the stories as they come out. Rather than serious investigative journalism, the main point of many online (8) ____ publications ____ is merely to attract page views so that the advertisers on those pages must pay a small fee. In the age of (9) ____ information ____, finding the information (10) ____ worth ____ learning becomes the hardest task of all. II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. At the start of the social media revolution, Facebook quickly became the most popular (1) ____ for sharing information with others. However, it is not the only service that people can use to express themselves. Those (2) ____ believe in the old saying that "more is less" may want to check out Twitter. Part of Twitter's appeal is that it limits users to 140 characters whenever they update their status, nisor people to quickly "get to the point" when they are communicating. Twitter is a micro blogging service that was (3) ____ by four American programmers in 2006. The founders chose the name Twitter because the word has two definitions: "a short burst of information" and "the sound that little birds make", both of (4) ____ fit the description of what their service provides. In fact, Page 118

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some people have even labeled Twitter the "SMS of the Internet". Twitter is not just (5) ____ words though. Users can also share videos and pictures. Another thing which truly sets Twitter apart from its competition is the hash tag. Hash tags are a special way of labeling and (6) ____ information. They help people interested in a subject to find related posts and content. For example, some interested in sports could simply search for hash tag sports and they would find all messages tagged in this manner. Twitter has also allowed people to easily connect with others who they would have never had access to in the past. This has enabled fans to interact with their favorite celebrities by following their Twitter updates and sending them direct messages. (7) ____, there is no guarantee that the famous person will respond, as the celebrities may receive thousands of messages each day. However, there have been some pretty stunning interactions. (8) ____ 2011, singer Justin Timberlake made headlines when he accepted an invitation from a female soldier to attend a Marine Corps ball. In return, many celebrities find it gratifying to know some of their supporters more closely. However, there is a dark side to Twitter (9) ____. Some people who don't think before send out tweets that can cause outrage by making inappropriate or insensitive remarks. In November 2013, Twitter went public on the New York Stock Exchange. The added investments should (10) ____ the company to do some incredible things in the near future 1. A. position B. site C. area D. side 2. A. what B. which C. who D. that 3. A. published B. went C. turned D. created 4. A. when B. which C. that D. While 5. A. in B. for C. about D. from 6. A. classifying B. allowing C. defining D. sending 7. A. Moreover B. Of course C. However D. Although 8. A. In В. Ву C. Within D. During 9. A. organizations B. conversations C. applications D. implementations 10. A. make B. help C. have D. allow III. Read the passage and choose the best answer. The World Wide Web was developed by British physicist and computer scientist Timothy BernersLee as a project within the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. Berners-Lee combined several existing ideas into a single system to make it easier for physicists to use data on the Internet. Most important, he added multimedia - the ability to include graphics - to the hyperlink concept found in a previous Internet service known as gopher. Berners-Lee had begun working with hypertext in the early 1980s. An early prototype implementation of the Web became operational at CERN in 1989, and the idea quickly spread to universities in the rest of the world. Groups at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign researched and extended Web technology. They developed the first browser that was used at many sites, named Mosaic, in 1993. To allow the Web to be accessed from a wide variety of computer systems, researchers built multiple versions of Mosaic. Each version was designed to be used with a specific operating system, the software that controls the computer. Within a year, computer programmer Marc Andreessen had formed a commercial company, Netscape Communications Corporation, to build and sell Web technologies. New vocabulary: gopher (n.): chuột túi, sóc túi má prototype (n.): người (vật) đầu tiên, nguyên mẫu implementation (n.): sự thi hành, sự thực hiện đầy đủ, sự bổ sung operational (adj.): thuộc hoạt động, thao tác; có thể có hiệu lực 1. The World Wide Web was developed by Page 119

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A. an American B. a British C. a Canadian D. a French 2. The word "multiple" in the reading means ____. A. plural B. single C. only D. numerous 3. Which word in the reading means "the instructions which control what a computer does; computer programs"? A. version B. software C. technology D. concept 4. Which word means "a connection that allows you to move easily between two computer documents or two pages on the Internet"? A. graphic B. datum C. project D. hyperlink 5. The scientist who developed the World Wide Web was majoring in A. math and physics B. math and computer C. computer and physics D. math, physics and computer 6. Which sentence below is not correct? A Timothy Berners Lee spoke English very well B. Timothy Berners-Lee was born in Geneva, Switzerland C. Timothy Berners-Lee was the first person to develop WWW. D. Some existing ideas were combined into a single system by him. 7. What did "Netscape Communications Corporation" do? A to develop www B. to use data on the Internet C. to control the computer D. to build and sell Web technologies 8. Which sentence is not correct? A. "Hypertext" means "a way of joining a word or image to another page, document, etc. on the Internet or in another computer program so that you can move from one to the other easily". B. Berners-Lee had begun working with hypertext in the early 1980s. C. An early prototype implementation of the Web became operational at CERN in 1989. D. The idea slowly spread to universities in the rest of the world. 9. Who researched and extended Web technology? A. The European Organization for Nuclear Research B. Timothy Berners-Lee C. Marc Andreessen D. Groups at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 10. Which sentence is not correct? A. Mosaic was one of the scientists who developed WWW. B. The first browser that was used at many sites was developed in 1993. C. Each version was designed to be used with a particular working system. D. Researchers built numerous versions of Mosaic to allow the Web to be accessed from a wide variety of computer systems. D. WRITING I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. "Please turn down the music. I'm trying to concentrate on my work." said Helen to her naughty brother. Helen asked her naughty brother to turn down the music as she was trying to concentrate on her work. 2. There isn't any lump of sugar left and we've got three important guests arriving in the next five minutes.

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We are completely out of sugar and we’re got three important guests arriving in the next five minutes. 3. Just thinking about his torn shirt after fighting with the fierce dog makes me burst into laughter. The very thought of his torn shirt after fighting with the fierce dog makes me burst into laughter. 4. Jack will only give in to the maths problem if the time's up. Only if the time's up will Jack give in to the maths problem. 5. Benn's very hard - working but I won't give him this project. Hard-working as Benn is, I won't give him this project. 6. She said that she had won the scholarship as a result of pure luck. She attributed her winning the scholarship to pure luck. 7. They have been working in this conical hat workshop for 2 years now. It is 2 years since they started working in this conical hat workshop. 8. It's no good crying over spilt milk, the bike's already been stolen. There's no point in crying over spilt milk, the bike's already been stolen. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. I am determined to put in for that certificate for all that volunteer work I've done for this event though it seems hard. Hard as it seems, I am determined to put in for that certificate for all that volunteer work I've done for this event. 2. I have never tried those spicy Indian foods by hand before. This is the first time I’ve (ever) tried those spicy Indian foods by hand. 3. Thanks to her tough methods, we could work things out properly in the end. Had it not been for her tough methods, we couldn’t have worked things out properly in the end. 4. It was her bliss ignorance that kept her stay free of stress in life and live her life to the best. Had it not been for her bliss ignorance, she wouldn’t have stayed free of stress in life and lived her life to the best. 5. It's more than 2 years since anyone heard of Julia. Julia was last heard of 2 years ago. 6. We were taken aback by her incredible memory, we couldn't give her the first prize. Taken aback as we were by her incredible memory, we couldn't give her the first prize. 7. The deadline for the receipt of this job application form is on August 8th. This job application form must be handed in/ submitted by/ returned/ received no later than August 8th. 8. Johnny is more intelligent than any other guy in his department. Johnny is the most intelligent guy in his department. Ill. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. 1. It's nearly twenty years since my father saw his brother. My father hasn’t seen his brother for nearly twenty years. 2. Although he was seriously ill, he was determined to finish his work. In spite of his serious illness, he was determined to finish his work. 3. When did you last ride a bike? How long is it since you rode a bike? 4. People say that this novel was written by a very young author. This novel is said to have been written by a very young author. 5. We haven't been to London since 1998.

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The last time we went to London was in 1998. 6. My wait in the queue has lasted forty minutes so far. I have been waiting in the queue for forty minutes (so far). 7. I have not seen a more wonderful building anywhere. Nowhere have I seen a more wonderful building. 8. The trip was so interesting that we couldn't forget it. It was such an interesting trip that we couldn't forget it. 9. Because of the heavy rain, they couldn't go for a picnic last weekend. Because it rained heavily, they couldn't go for a picnic last weekend. 10. I've never seen such a bad film as that one. That's the worst film I’ve ever seen. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. media B. network C. website D. connect 2. A. attitude B. advent C. advantage D. mass 3. A. subscribe B. connect C. documentary D. efficient 4. A. effective B. efficient C. expand D. tablet 5. A. data B. programme C. instant D. drama 6. A. cinema B. concert C. social D. advancement II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. media B. cartoon C. series D. radio 2. A. photograph B. programme C. entertain D. channel 3. A. video B. television C. theatre D. information 4. A. deliver B. visual C. different D. common 5. A. provide B. listen C. receive D. believe 6. A. partner B. something C. classmate D. discuss 7. A. national B. Liverpool C. recommend D. internet 8. A. animal B. comedy C. importance D. different 9. A. unknown B. wealthy C. moment D. mountain 10. A. comment B. reading C. healthy D. lucky III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. This place is a terrible mess! What on earth ____? A. did you do B. have you done C. will you do D. had you done 2. And now for an item of local news. Hampshire police ____ dangerous snake which ____ missing earlier in the week. A. have found - went B. have found - have gone C. found - went D. found - have gone 3. Pinterest is a very popular service, and the company's app is one of the most downloaded social media apps ____ in the Google Play Store. A. online B. available C. interactive D. dominant 4. Instagram lets users snap, edit, and share photos and 15-second videos, either publicly or with a private ____ of followers. A. connection B. system C. network D. round 5. Today, more than 1 billion people use WhatsApp to communicate ____ their friends, loved ones and even customers. A. to B. for C. in D. with Page 122

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6. This tooth ____ me lately! So I ____ an appointment with the dentist for Tuesday. A. has been killing have made B was killing made C. has been killing made D. was killing have made 7. Someone ____ the cakes. I'll have to buy some more. A. has eaten B. is eating C. had eaten D. was eating 8. What ____ your mum for her next birthday? Let me see it. A. did you buy B. have you bought C. will you buy D. do you buy 9. Tim ____ Russian but he finds it difficult. A. learned B. has learned C. learns D. will learn 10. Diana ____ twelve different dresses in the past week. A. is wearing B. wears C. had worn D. has worn 11. I ____ everything you asked. What should I do now? A. did B. will do C. do D. have done 12. Snapchat is an image messaging ____ software product that was created by Reggie Brown, Evan Spiegel and Bobby Murphy when they were students at Stanford University A. media B. social C. application D. cyber 13. Betty gets up very early to prepare ____ work. A. of B. to C. in D. for 14. They take a ____ interest in their grandchildren. A. live B. alive C. lively D. living 15. We're reading a ____ book this week. A. differ B. difference C. different D. differently 16. She has been ____ criticized in the press. A. heavy B. heaviness C. heavier D. heavily 17. Ask me again tomorrow. I'll have to give it some ____. A. think B. thought C. thoughtful D. thoughtless 18. After the accident he suffered from loss of ____. A. memory B. memorize C. memorable D. memorably 19. Viber is not only a Voice over IP and instant messaging app for mobile devices but it also allows for the ____ of audio, video and images between users. A. exchange B. transmission C. production D. transference 20. I have not heard ____ my brother for ages. A. of B. for C. from D. to 21. The romance associated ____ Valentine's Day may have come from the medieval belief that birds select their mates on 14 February. A. with B. to C. for D. by 22. Diet plays an important role in the ____ of heart disease. A. manage B. manager C. management D. manageable 23. Students say it is helpful if teachers ____ their pronunciation. A. correct B. correction C. corrective D. correctly 24. Officially, Robert's in charge, but in ____ Hannah runs the office. A. practice B. practise C. practical D. practically 25. Many locals are ____ opposed to the development. A. strength B. strong C. strengthen D. strongly 26. Keep ____ by eating well and exercising regularly. A. health B. healthful C. healthy D. healthily Page 123

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27. The app - Snapchat - was officially ____ in September 2011, and within a short span of time they have grown immensely with 100 million daily active users. A. released B. produced C. sent out D. spread 28. Throughout his long life, John met hundreds of people, but he never truly found a person to share his life ____. A. about B. on C. with D. between 29. I had a train to catch, so I was ____ the clock all through the meeting. A. watch B. to watch C. watched D. watching 30. ____ the newspaper article quickly and make a note of the main points. A. Scanning B. Scan C. Scanned D. To scan 31. If you need any help, please don't hesitate ____. A. asking B. ask C. will ask D. to ask 32. I wish Dad would stop ____ in on my phone conversations A. listening B. listen C. listened D. to listen 33. Why not ____ (down) your ideas on a piece of paper before you start! A. writing B. write C. writes D. to write IV. Give the correct form of the words to complete the following sentences. 1. The police had ______secretly_______ filmed the conversations. SECRET 2. The media was accused of influencing the final ______decision______. DECIDE 3. This evidence supports the view that there is too much _____violence_____ on television. VIOLENT 4. She excelled in many great roles, most _______memorably_______ as Lady Macbeth at the National Theatre. MEMORY 5. On his _____retirement____, colleagues presented him with a set of golf clubs. RETIRE 6. The _____presentation_______ of prizes began after the speeches. PRESENT 7. The company must reduce costs to compete ______effectively_____. EFFECT 8. We need to increase ______productivity______. PRODUCT 9. _____(dis-)ability_______ increases with age. ABLE 10. _____Homelessness____ is on the increase. HOME V. Fill each gap with an appropriate preposition. 1. She spent a lot of money ______on_____ cosmetics. 2. He had suffered ______from_____ loss of memory before he died. 3. They decided to name the new baby boy ____after_____ Grandpa. 4. Thank you for your letter. It was nice to hear _____from____ you again. 5. Most Americans don't object _____to_____ being called by their first names. 6. They succeeded ____in______ escaping ____from_____ the burning house. 7. Will you please remind Helen ______of_______ her appointment with the dentist? 8. Many people have contributed ______to____ the production of a finished film. 9. I think he is unwell; he was complaining _____about_____ a headache this morning. 10. I expect it will rain again when we're on holiday this year, but at least we are properly prepared ____for___ it this time. VI. Complete the following sentences with "for" or "since", and the correct form of the verb in brackets. 1. There (be) _____is______ a phone message _____for_____ you. 2. She (be) ____has been_____ off work ______since_____ Tuesday. 3. I (buy) ___had better buy____ something ______for_____ the new baby. 4. We (live) ___have lived____ here _____since_____ 1994. Page 124

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5. There (be) _____is_______ a prize _____for_____ the fastest three runners in each category. 6. She (worry) ___had been worrying____ ever ____since_____ the letter (arrive) ___arrived____. 7. She (be) _____will be_____ out of the office _____for____ a few days next week. 8. He (work) ___has been working___ in a bank ____since_____ leaving school. 9. ____Since_____ the party she (only speak) ___had only spoken___ to him once. 10. I (not play) ____haven’t played___ tennis _____for_____ years. VII. Find the one mistake (A, B, C or D) in these sentences and then correct them. 1. You can go to the seven o'clock show or a eight - whichever suits you best. A B C D → the eight 2. We can't go to Julia's party because of we're going away that weekend. A B C D → because 3. Could I speak to whomever is in charge of International Sales please? A B C D → whoever 4. I was just getting into the bath where the telephone rang. A B C D → when 5. We knew a lot of about the topic already, but his talk was interesting nevertheless. A B C D → a lot VIII. Fill in each blank in the sentences with the correct word from the box. subscribe addicted dominant web media interact networking cyberbullying 1. For many teens, texting is the ____ dominant ____ way that they communicate on a day-to-day basis with their friends. 2. Video games, social media and mobile phones play an integral role in how teens meet and ___ interact ____ with friends. 3. Social ____ media ____ networks are a major resource for both small and big businesses that are looking to promote their brands on the Internet. 4. You can go in this website to ___ subscribe ___ for free and download the episodes straight to your phone, tablet, or computer. 5. Teachers can use social ___ networking ____ to help their students connect and collaborate on a deeper level. 6. "Delicious" is a social bookmarking _____ web _____ service for discovering, storing and sharing web bookmarks. 7. When you enter into any social network site, you will be ___ addicted ____ to those communities. 8. High usage of the Internet increases the risk of the being victims of __ cyberbullying _ or other cyber crimes. IX. Choose the word in the box to complete the text. until get live events transmitted landing use space signals expensive All early television was broadcast in black and while. Color television was possible, but it was too (1) ___ expensive ___ and of very poor quality (2) ____ until ___ the middle of the 1950s. Color television broadcasts began in the United States in 1954, in Japan in 1960, and in Europe in 1967. The first (3) ___ landing ___ on the moon was broadcast (4) ____ live ____ on television in 1969, and now television programs are (5) ___ transmitted ___ all over the world immediately through the (6) ___ use ___ of satellites that transmit the (7) ___ signals ___ from the Earth, through (8) ___ space ____, and back to the Earth. Page 125

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More people now (9) get f television is one of the most rapid and exciting (10) ____ events ____ of our century. X. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. It is hard to imagine life in modern society (1) ____ smartphones. These handy little devices keep us entertained and enable us to manage important tasks on the goal. Although smartphones feature powerful hardware, they wouldn't be so useful without thousands of handy applications. (2) ____ are a few free and helpful apps that you can download to help you throughout the day. If you have a habit of forgetting things and want to organize your life, give Evernote a try. It promises to help users remember everything. With a few clicks, you can send all of your photos, documents, and audio notes to Evernote. Then, your (3) ____ information can be stored in folders or (4) ____ with useful keywords. When you need to access this data, you can perform a simple search and it will appear in seconds. Evernote is available on smartphones, tablets and computers, so you can access your data from everywhere. Imagine this scenario. You are watching a TV show and you hear a cool song in the background. You want to buy it but there is one problem. You don't know the name of the song. SoundHound is (5) ____ that will make this problem a thing of the past. It enables users to quickly identify songs by (6) ____ the app and holding their phone in the air. The app takes the song playing and compares it to thousands of other songs (7) ____ it finds a match. Within seconds, it can tell you the name, artist and album of the songs you just heard. (8) ____ spectacular app is Lookout. Hopefully you won't have to use it often but when you do need it, Lookout can be a lifesaver. Its main function is to help you find your phone if it goes missing. Lookout does this by using your smartphone's data connection to locate your lost device. To see (9) ____ your phone is on a map, simply log into Lookout from any web browser. In the worst-case situation, if someone steals your phone and you fear it has gone for good, you can wipe out all of its data with a few clicks. This will ensure no one will see any private information on your phone. These helpful apps are just the (10) ____ of the iceberg. If you do some searching online, you are certain to find many other apps that will make your life more convenient. 1. A. with B. by C. without D. from 2. A. Here B. There C. What D. They 3. A. existance B. digital C. important D. performance 4. A. played B. did C. behaved D. tagged 5. A. an app B. store C. mall D. shop 6. A. participating B. thinking C. launching D. finding 7. A. until B. by C. with D. for 8. A. Others B. Anothers C. Other D. Another 9. A. Although B. where C. Unless D. When 10. A. theory B. product C. tip D. strategy XI. Read the text and answer the questions. News Media are the means or methods by which people learn what is happening in the city, in the country and in the world. The news media can be classified into two general categories: the categories of print media and electronic media. Print media use the written material to communicate news to readers. Electronic media use air waves to send news into homes, offices and public places. Print Media are usually divided into magazines and newspapers. Most newspapers print news daily. For example, the newspaper "The New York Times" is published every day of the year. Most news magazines are published weekly, for instance, Newsweek and Time magazines are published once a week. The electronic media are generally Page 126

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divided into radio and television, Radio news is news that you listen to. In the United States many radio stations broadcast five minutes of news every hour. T.V news is that you not only listen to but also watch. In Canada and the United States, for example, many people watch an hour of news on TV at 6 o'clock in the evening. In the future, new categories of news media will develop. Even today, computers are beginning to influence the transmission and reception of news. 1. What do the print media use to communicate the news'? A. TV B. radio C. airwaves D. newspapers 2. What do the electronic media use to broadcast news? A. air waves B. magazines C. newspapers D. all of the above 3. What is the New York Times an example of? A. magazine B. newspapers C. radio program D. television program 4. Which of the following print media are published? A. Newsweek B. Time C. The New York Times D. All are correct. 5. Which of the following electronic media are broadcast? A. TV program B. newspapers C. magazines D. None is correct. XII. Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or I) which has the same meaning as the given one. 1. She began to play the piano three years ago. A. She has played the piano since three years. B. She has played the piano for three years. C. She doesn't play the piano now. D. She stops playing the piano now. 2. Although it was cold, we all went for a walk. A. Despite of the cold weather, we all went for a walk. B. Despite the cold weather, we all went for a walk. C. Despite the cold, we all went for a walk. D. Despite being cold, we all went for a walk. 3. Tim gave up smoking to save money. A. Tim gave up smoking because he didn't have enough money. B. Tim gave up smoking because he lacked money. C. Tim give up smoking because he wanted to save money. D. Tim gave up smoking because his money was saved. 4. We expected Larry to accept the job, but he didn't. A. Even though Larry was expected to accept the job, he didn't. B. Larry expected to accept the job, but we didn't want. C. Larry didn't accept the job we liked. D. Larry was turned down for the job we expected him to do. 5. Sam was lazy, so he lost his job. A. Sam lost his job because he was lazy. B. Sam lost his job because of his being lazy. C. Sam lost his job because of his laziness. D. All are correct. XIII. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. 1. Steve started learning the violin a month ago. -> Steve has learned the violin for a month. 2. I haven't been to an Australian restaurant for ages. -> It's ages since I went to an Australian restaurant. 3. When she heard the results, Mary began to feel more confident. > Since hearing the results Mary has felt more confident. 4. The last time Peter came here was in 2000. Page 127

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-> Peter hasn't been here since 2000. 5. This is my first visit to Japan. -> This is the first time I’ve been to Japan. 6. How long have they been married? -> When did they get married? 7. Jack bought those shirts last month and has been wearing them ever since. -> Jack has been wearing those shirts ever since he bought them last month. 8. It's a long time since our last conversation. -> We haven’t had a conversation for a long time. 9. Thanks, but I had something to eat earlier. -> Thanks, but I've already eaten. 10. This is my first game of water-polo. -> I haven’t played water-polo before.

Part I. PHONETICS

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Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. B. used

C. emailed

2. A. invented

B. contributed

C. attributed

D. welcomed

3. A. coughed

B. developed

C. introduced

D. downloaded

4. A. wicked

B. reduced

C. influenced

D. expressed

5. A. accessed

B. searched

C. surfed

D. recorded

1. A. distributed

D. copied

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Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the 6. A. tablet

B. media

C. social

D. subscribe

7. A. newspaper

B. smartphone

C. access

D. device

8. A. computer

B. technology

C. magazine

D. connection

9. A. networking

B. television

C. socialize

D. communication

10. A. digital

position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.

B. entertain

C. Internet

D. cyberspace

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Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 11. The mass media are ____ of communication, such as books, newspapers, recordings, radio, movies,

television, mobile phones and the Internet.

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A. models.

B. means

C. parts

D. types

12. TV companies ____ their programmes across the country or even across the world. A. broadcast

B. refresh

C. connect

D. publish Page 128

13. While a sports match has spectators and radio has listeners, television has ____. A. audience

B. witnesses

C. viewers

D. commentators

14. I hate ____ newspapers; they're just full of gossip, scandal and lies! B. daily

C. tabloid

D. rubbish

A. online

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15. There's a great ____ show on BBC1 tonight. Contestants have to race through a supermarket as quickly as they can, filling up their trolleys as they go. A. talk

B. game

C. quiz

D. live

16. On some TV channels, a(n) ____ tells you what the next programme is going to be. A. journalist

B. commentator

C. announcer

D. producer

17. The ____ involves TV, radio and even electronic forms of communication such as the Internet. B. press

C. network

D. telecommunication

A. media

18. There's a(n) ____ in the paper about the Reality Television in Viet Nam. A. feature

B. article

C. essay

A. place

B. site

ƠN

19. I always get the news from my local radio ____.

D. announcement

C. studio

D. station

20. Johnny Depp rarely ____ invitations to do interviews. B. accepts

C. denies

A. agrees

D. approves

21. How many means of ____ do you use on a regular basis? A. communication

B. communicating

C. communicator

D. communicative

____ their experiences. A. personal

QU Y

22. New digital media forms are more personal and social as they allow people to connect each other and B. persona

C. personalize

D. personify

C. journalist

D. journalistic

23. Are you thinking of a career in ____? A. journal

B. journalism

24. You don't actually get a lot of ____ from a news report on radio or TV. B. informations

C. informative

A. informed

D. information

KÈ

25. I joined an ____ online course taught by an experienced tutor. A. interactive

B. active

C. interaction

D. interact

26. Students use the library's computers to get access ____ the Internet. A. for

B. to

C. with

D. by

27. Video and computer games have also developed into a ____ media form.

DẠ

A. mess

B. big

C. mass

D. global

28. It is not always easy to ____ the difference between fact and opinion. A. make

B. say

C. do

D. tell Page 129

29. In my ____, freedom of the press must be maintained. A. mind

B. sight

C. view

D. thought

30. Media mogul Ronald Morduck has ____ control of another tabloid. B. given

C. found

D. taken

A. in

B. from

C . on

FI CI A

31. The issue ____ question is more complex than you think.

A. made

D. at

32. Watch ____ for words like "so-called” in articles as they express the writer's bias. A. about

B. out

C. around

D. over

33. Most people ____ the mass media as their main source of information. A. rely on

B. try on

C. put on

D. hold on

School in August 2014. A. carried out

B. carried on

C. carried away

A. came out

ƠN

35. Her latest bestseller ____ last month.

34. The pie chart shows the preferred forms of communication recorded in a survey ____ in Intel Secondary

B. went out

C. pulled out

D. carried up

D. broke out

36. I saw the interview while I was ____ through a magazine at the hairdresser's. B. picking

C. flicking

A. clicking

D. ticking

37. The tabloids completely ____ that story about Bruce Willis. It's not true at all. A. stood out

B. filed in

C. made up

D. turned over

QU Y

38. In the early 21st century, with the ____ of mobile communication technology, the mobile phone has emerged as a new and unique channel. A. explosion

B. explosive

C. exploitation

D. exploration

39. I'm amazed that the tabloids which are full of rubbish have such big ____. A. headlines

B. articles

C. supplements

D. circulations

A. editor

40. A(n) ____ sends reports from a particular part of the world or on a particular subject. B. correspondent

C. columnist

D. proprietor

KÈ

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 41. Each form of mass media has an important impact on society. B. pressure

C. affection

D. role

A. influence

DẠ

42. The programme invited viewers to write in with their ideas. A. people who watch the programme

B. people who sponsor the programme

C. people who produce the programme

D. people who edit the programme

43. Journalists can make mistakes, so don't believe everything you read in the press. Page 130

A. publications

B. news bulletins

C. reference books

D. newspapers and magazines

A. Direct

B. Facial

C. Available

D. Instant

A. advantages

B. points

FI CI A

45. She thinks that unfortunately they may not understand the benefits of online information.

44. Face-to-face socializing is not as preferred as virtual socializing among the youth.

C. features

D. amounts

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

46. The library reduced the number of print newspapers and magazines that they used to subscribe to. B. decreased

C. rose

D. fell

A. increased

47. Using social networks helps you keep in touch with friends and family any time. A. put up with

B. keep track of

C. lose touch with

D. catch up with

ƠN

48. They had the volume turned down, so I couldn't make out what they were talking about. A. reduced the noise

B. increased the noise

C. limited the noise

D. controlled the noise

A. dependent on

B. hooked on

49. Teenagers can become addicted to social networking if they can't control they spend online. C. indifferent to

D. exhausted by

50. New electronic devices have been developed to cater to users' ever-changing needs. B. unstable

Part III. GRAMMAR

QU Y

A. changeable

C. constant

D. predictable

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 51. Linda only ____ the film after she ____ the book. A. understood – read

C. had understood – read

B. understood - had read D. understood - was reading

52. ____ you ever ____ on TV before you ____ in this reality show?

KÈ

A. Had ... appeared - took part C. Did ... appear - had taken part

B. Have ... appeared - took part D. Would ... appear - took part

53. I wasn't sure how Belinda would react because I ____ her long. A. didn't know

B. wasn't knowing

C. hadn't been knowing

D. hadn't known

54. I wanted to say goodbye to Jerry, but he ____. B. already left

C. had already been leaving

D. had already left

DẠ

A. was already left

55. When we ____ to the airport, I realized that I ____ my passport at home. Page 131

A. got - had left

B. got - was left

C. got - left

D. had got - had left

56. He ____ the umbrella in his right hand trying to keep his balance. A. hold

B. held

C. has been holding

D. has held

since he settled in Uganda. A. has published

B. could have published

C. published

FI CI A

57. When I met Walters about two years before his death he didn't seem satisfied. He ____ no major book D. had published

58. Throughout the campaign we ____ our candidate's photographs on the walls of public buildings, hoping to attract women's votes. A. have been hanging

B. hanged

C. hung

D. have hung

59. Many of the people who attended Major Gordon's funeral ____ him for many years. B. wouldn't see

C. haven't seen

A. didn't see

D. hadn't seen

60. Seeing Peter's handwriting on the envelope, she ____ the letter without reading it. She has not mentioned it ever since. B. tore

C. had torn

ƠN

A. was tearing

D. has torn

61. We were both very excited about the visit, as we ____ each other for ages. A. never saw

B. didn't see

C. hadn't seen

D. haven't seen

A. must have to be

62. What made you think he ____ in the Royal Air Force? B. had been

C. was being

D. had had to be

63. Without turning my head in the direction of the gate I ____ a small object just under the fence. A. spotted

B. had spotted

C. have spotted

D. was spotted

QU Y

64. With just one exception, the report says, each of the trees that was cut down ____ very expensive treatment for periods of up to ten years. A. had to be under

B. was under

C. has undergone

D. had undergone

65. They ____ married for two years or so when Roy enployed a very attractive Indian secretary in his Glasgow office.

A. only have been

B. were only

C. have only been

D. had only been

KÈ

66. I know too little Dutch to have understood what they were talking about. What I ____ was that their boss would be there the next morning. A. did understand

B. didn't understand

C. have understood

D. could have understood

67. The driver ____ violently and managed to stop the car just inches from the body lying on the road.

DẠ

A. was braking

B. has braked

C. braked

D. had braked

68. A columnist ____ in writing a newspaper or a magazine. A. believes

B. concentrates

C. responds

D. specializes Page 132

69. A lot of residents had to ____ from the unexpected hurricane last month. A. protect

B. recover

C. suffer

D. save

70. The society tries to deal ____ young offenders ____ a variety of ways. B. about - to

C. with - in

D. around - from

A. to - by A. out of

B. from

FI CI A

71. After some debate the Moors have agreed to exclude abstract art ____ their daughter's wedding list. C. off

D. beyond

72. The aircraft, which originally headed ____ Heathrow, had to make an emergency landing at Orly. A. for

B. on

C. at

D. into

73. Her negligence resulted ____ the loss of a major contract ____ the company. A. to - from

B. for- over

C. in – for

D. into - about

A. in – about

74. The windows of the class were covered ____ so much dirt that we couldn't see ____ them. B. with - through

C. of – with

D. up-across

75. ____ such an educated woman, she has very little common sense. Don't you agree ____ me? B. From - to

C. Through - upon

D. For - with

ƠN

A. Of - about

76. She's longing ____ the day when they can move out ____ the city. A. with-of

B. for- of

C. by – for

D. for- from

A. of - with

B. for - to

77. You can never rely ____ Anna to provide you ____ information. C. on - with

D. on - by

78. I don't need a car; we live ____ easy reach of the shops. A. upon

B. within

C. at

D. towards

QU Y

79. We couldn't figure ____ why the editor-in-chief had changed his mind about the article. A. out

B. up

C. down

D. through

80. In the hospital, the case was diagnosed as pneumonia. Before that, she had been treated ____ hay fever. A. for

B. on

C. against

D. from

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions.

KÈ

81. The red lights go on outside the studio door to let people know that you are in the air. A

82. The alarm was raised too late because when the emergency crew arrived, no less than 10,000 gallons of

oil

DẠ

has gusted into the stream. D

Page 133

83. One of the sad moments of the cruise was saying goodbye to Mel, who had sailed with us since we had set A

sail but whose health problems forced him to leave us at Lagos.

FI CI A

84. He was in a great hurry and had no time to think it over. Otherwise, he had found another way out. A

85. The lung cancer mortality rate rose six-fold in males when mass media started covering the health risks of A

smoking.

86. Although the first printed books appeared long before in China, the term “mass media" we use today B

was coined with the creation of printed media. C

ƠN

87. I had also seen most of the episodes, but I still like watching them in class with no subtitles when I was a B

student.

88. The crime rate in this city has increased from ten per cent last year to thirty per cent by the end of 2009 A

QU Y

due to the influx of the gang element.

89. The instructor advised the students what the procedures to follow in writing the term paper. A

90. Her father did not want her to make friends with Pete and Sally because they influenced on her badly, to A

KÈ

his D mind.

Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 8. Mark the letter A. B. Cor D to indicate the correct response to each of the following

DẠ

exchanges.

91. A: What are you doing later? B: ____ There's a program on that I really want to watch. Page 134

A. I'm staying in tonight.

B. I'm going to the cinema with Tom.

C. I'll go out for a drink.

D. I'm going to go to bed early.

B: ____

92. A: Is there anything worth watching on the telly tonight? B. No, it's all repeats again.

C. Yes, there's an action film shown at the cinema.

D. No, there's just an article on love

FI CI A

A. Yes, that's a good idea. stories. 93. A: I really don't like chat shows very much. B: ____ B. Yes, so do I.

C. No, nor do I.

94. A: Have you seen they've made Oliver Twist into a TV series? B: ____

D. I do, either.

A. Yes, me too.

B. Thanks, I'll see it.

C. No, I don't like watching reality TV.

D. Yes, it's on every Sunday for the next twelve weeks.

ƠN

A. Yes, there's a novel like that.

95. A: I want to record the MTV awards tonight. Could you set the video for me before we go out? B: ____

B. Yes, let's go to see it tonight.

A. Yes, of course. Which channel is it on? C. No, I prefer live concerts.

D. No, I'm not into TV series.

96. A: Do you think the match will be on TV later? B: ____

QU Y

A. I can't agree with you. It's so dull. B. Yes, I'm a big fan of soap operas.

C. Yes, of course. It's being shown live on BBC1. D. No, I don't mind watching it.

97. A: Thanks a lot for fixing the computer for me!

B: ____

KÈ

A. You will be welcome!

B. It's my pleasure to help you!

C. Safe and sound!

D. You must say again!

98. A: Your new smartphone looks so nice! B: ____

A. I'm glad you like it.

B. Don't mention it.

C. It doesn't matter.

D. Don't worry about it.

DẠ

99. A: Would you like to come with me to the newsagent's? B: ____

A. No, I wouldn't.

B. No, sorry. I don't like movies. Page 135

C. Yes, I'd love to.

D. I would like it.

100. A: Have you finished the presentation on mass media? B: ____ B. I'm on my last page.

C. It's going to end.

FI CI A

101. A: How many hours a day do you spend on the net? B: ____ A. Er... Most of my day.

B. Twice a week.

C. As soon as possible.

good! 102. A: Do you find it interesting to go to the cinema on your own? B: ____ B. What a pity!

C. Never mind.

A. No, not at all.

D. It's very long.

A. I'll go for it.

welcome.

D. So far, so

D. You're

B: ____ A. I don't like emails.

B. That's true!

104. A: Do you like e-books? B: ____ A. No, I prefer them printed. C. No, e-books are good.

C. I'd prefer text messaging.

D. That's

OK!

ƠN

103. A: I think people nowadays prefer instant messaging and social networking to emails.

B. They're expensive. D. I like them both.

B: ____ A. Sports news. Part V. READING

QU Y

105. A: What's your favourite TV programme?

B. It's time-consuming.

C. It's costly.

D. Daily newspapers.

each of the questions.

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to

KÈ

Millions of people are using cellphones today. In many places, it is actually considered unusual not to use one. In many countries, cellphones are very popular with young people. They find that the phones are more than a means of communication - having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected.

The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professional worried.

DẠ

Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer health problems from the use of mobile phones. In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue. Mobile phone

Page 136

companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas. They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health. On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some people who use

mobile phones. Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detected with modern

FI CI A

scanning equipment. In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young age because of serious memory loss. He couldn't remember even simple tasks. He would often forget the name of his own son. This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years. His family doctor blamed his mobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree.

What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation. High-tech

machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones. Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worry about. As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobile phones less often. A. Technological Innovations and Their Price B. The Importance of Mobile Phones

C. Mobile Phones: A Must of Our Time

ƠN

106. The most suitable title for the passage could be ____.

D. Advantages and Disadvantages of Mobile Phones

107. According to the passage, cellphones are especially popular with the youth because ____. A. they keep the users in alert all the time

QU Y

B. they are integral in daily communication

C. they are the only effective means of communication D. they make them look more stylish

108. According to the passage, the changes possibly caused by the cellphones are mainly concerned with ____.

B. the central unit of the brain

C. the structure of the brain

D. the long-term memory

KÈ

A. the smallest units of the brain

109. The words negative publicity in paragraph 2 most likely means ____. A. information on the lethal effects of cellphones B. the negative public use of cellphones

C. widespread opinion about bad effects of cellphones

DẠ

D. constructive ideas about the effects of cellphones

110. The word their in the last paragraph refers to ____.

Page 137

A. mobile phone companies

B. mobile phones

C. high-tech machines

radiations Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to

each of the questions.

FI CI A

REALITY TELEVISION

Reality, television is a genre of television programming which, it is claimed, presents unscripted dramatic or humourous situations, documents actual events and features ordinary people rather than professional actors. It could be described as a form of artificial or "heightened" documentary.

Although the genre has existed in some form or another since the early year of television, the current explosion of popularity dates from around 2000.

Reality television covers a wide range of television programming formats, from games to quiz shows which resemble the frantic, often demeaning programmes produced in Japan in the 1980s and 1990s (a modern example is Gaki no Tsukai), to surveillance - or voyeurism - focused production such as

ƠN

Big Brother.

Critics say that the term "reality television” is somewhat of a misnomer and that such shows frequently portray a modified and highly influenced form of reality, with participants put in exotic

locations or abnormal situations, sometimes coach to act in certain ways by off-screen handlers, and with events on screen manipulated through editing and other post-production techniques. Part of reality television's appeal is due to its ability to place ordinary people in extraordinary situations. For example, on the ABC show, The Bachelor, an eligible male dates a dozen women

QU Y

simultaneously, travelling on extraordinary dates to scenic locales. Reality television also has the potential to turn its participants into national celebrities, outwardly in talent and performance programs such as Pop Idol, though frequently Survivor and Big Brother participants also reach some degree of celebrity.

Some commentators have said that the name "reality television" is an inaccurate description of

several styles of program included in the genre. In competition-based programs such as Big Brother

KÈ

and Survivor, and other special-living-environment shows like the Real World, the producers design the format of the show and control the day-to-day activities and the environment, creating a completely fabricated world in which the competition plays out. Producers specifically select the participants, and use carefully designed scenarios, challenges, events, and settings to encourage

particular behaviours and conflicts. Mark Burnett, creator of Survivor and other reality shows, has

DẠ

agreed with this assessment, and avoids the word "reality” to describe his shows; he has said, "I tell

good stories. It really is not reality TV. It really is unscripted drama."

111. In the first line, the writer says “it is claimed” because ____. Page 138

A. he wants to distance himself from the statement B. he totally disagrees with the statement C. everybody except the writer agrees with the statement

A. valueless

B. humiliating

C. despising

113. According to the passage, Reality TV appeals to some because ____. A. it uses exotic locations B. it shows eligible men dating women D. it shows average people in exceptional circumstances 114. According to the passage, the program “Pop Idol” ____.

D. diminishing

C. it can turn ordinary people into celebrities

FI CI A

112. The word demeaning in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.

D. he wants to emphasize that it is his own claim

A. is more likely to turn its participants into celebrities than Big Brother

ƠN

B. turns all participants into celebrities C. is a dating show 115. Producers choose the participants ____. A. to make an imaginary world

D. is less likely to turn participants into celebrities than Big Brother B. on the ground of talent

C. to create conflict among other things

D. only for special-living-environment shows

116. The term “reality television” is inaccurate ____.

B. for special-living-environment program

C. for all programs

D. for Big Brother and Survivor

QU Y

A. for talent and performance programs

117. The word fabricated in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ____. A. real

B. imaginative

C . imaginary

D. isolated

118. Which of the following in NOT true according to the passage?

A. Shows like Survivor have good narratives.

KÈ

B. Mark Burnett thinks the term "reality television” is inaccurate. C. Reality television has been popular since well before 2000. D. Japan has produced demeaning TV shows copied elsewhere.

Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or

DẠ

phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. A POWERFUL INFLUENCE

There can be no doubt (119) ____ that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly (120) ____ doing Page 139

anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are (121) ____ to find out why the Internet is so attractive, and they want to know if it can be harmful for their children. Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time (122) ____ their computers?

Obviously, if children are bent over their computers for hours, (123) ____ in some game, instead of

FI CI A

doing their homework, then soothing is wrong. Parents and children could decide how much use the child should (124) ____ of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (125) ____ that it won't interfere with homework. If the child is not (126) ____ to this arrangement, the parents can take more drastic steps. (127) ____ with a child's use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other sort of bargain about behavior.

Any parent who is seriously alarmed about a child's behavior should make an appointment to discuss

the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not (128) ____ affect a child's performance at school. Even if a child is (129) ____ crazy about using the Internet, he or she is about!

ƠN

probably just (130) ____ through a phase, and in a few months there will be something else to worry B. at all

C. at length

120. A. ever

B. rarely

C. never

121. A. reluctant

B. concerned

C. curious

122. A. watching

B. glancing at

C. glimpsing at

D. staring at

123. A. puzzled

B. absorbed

C. interested

D. occupied

124. A. cause

B. take

C. make

D. create

125. A. word

B. promise

C. vow

D. claim

126. A. holding

B. seeing

C. following

D. accepting

127. A. Agreeing

B. Dealing

C. Talking

D. Complaining

128. A. possibly

B. unlikely

C. probably

D. necessarily

129. A. absolutely

B. more

C. enough

D. a lot

130. A. going

B. experiencing

C. travelling

D. walking

QU Y

D. at most D. always

D. hopeful

KÈ

Part VI. WRITING

119. A. at least

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

131. Stephanie was the last person to hand in the essay on the advantages and disadvantages of social

networks.

DẠ

A. The last thing Stephanie handed in was her essay on the advantages and disadvantages of social networks.

Page 140

B. Everyone had submitted the essay on the advantages and disadvantages of social networks before Stephanie did. C. Among the last people who submitted the essay on the advantages and disadvantages of social

networks was Stephanie.

FI CI A

D. Everyone had heard about the essay on the advantages and disadvantages of social networks before Stephanie did.

132. My eldest sister started working as a freelance journalist as soon as she graduated from university. A. No sooner had my eldest sister started working as a freelance journalist than she graduated from university.

B. Hardly had my eldest started working as a freelance journalist when she graduated from

university.

C. No sooner had my eldest sister graduated from university than she started working as a freelance journalist.

ƠN

D. After my eldest sister graduated from university, she had started working as a freelance journalist. 133. Nancy failed to understand what the story was about until she saw the film based on it. A. Nancy doesn't understand what the story is about.

B. Not until she saw the film based on it did Nancy understand what the story was about. C. It was until she saw the film based on it that Nancy understood what the story was about. D. Nancy went to see the film before she read the story. 134. He was so addicted to social networks that he quitted all other outdoor activities.

QU Y

A. He was not addicted enough to quit all other outdoor activities. B. He was such an addict to social networks that he quitted all other outdoor activities. C. The social networks are too addictive for him to quit all other outdoor activities. D. He had quitted all other outdoor activities before he became addicted to social networks. 135. As long as you stay calm, you have nothing to fear from the talk show.

A. You have remained calm for a long time in spite of your fear of the talk show.

KÈ

B. Talk shows are only intimidating for people who are not extremely calm. C. Provided you do not get nervous, the talk show won't go badly for you. D. Even if you are afraid of the talk show, it is important not to express it. 136. Had she read the reference books, she would have been able to finish the test.

A. If she had read the reference books, she could finish the test.

DẠ

B. Not having read the reference books, she couldn't finish the test. C. Although she didn't read the reference books, she was able to finish the test. D. Because she read the reference books, she was able to finish the test. Page 141

137. “Jim, why don't you open a new account on Facebook or Twitter?” said Jane. A. Jane suggested Jim opened a new account on Facebook or Twitter.

D. Jane suggested Jim to open a new account on Facebook or Twitter.

FI CI A

C. Jane suggested Jim should open a new account on Facebook or Twitter.

B. Jane suggested Jim opens a new account on Facebook or Twitter.

138. This music concert wouldn't have been possible without your sponsorship.

A. If you didn't sponsor, this music concert wouldn't have been possible.

B. Your sponsorship made it possible for this music concert to take place.

C. If it had been for your sponsorship, this music concert wouldn't have been possible. D. It's possible that your sponsorship made this music concert impossible. A. It's reported that Brad wins the first prize. B. It's reported that Brad to be awarded the first prize.

139. The New York Times reports that Brad was awarded the first prize.

D. The first prize is reported to award to Brad.

ƠN

C. Brad is reported to have been awarded the first prize.

140. If I had known about their wedding plan earlier, I would have been able to make time to attend the

reception party.

A. I knew their wedding would be planned earlier so I made some time to attend the reception party. B. I wish I had known their wedding plan sooner so that I could arrange time to attend the reception party.

QU Y

C. I don't know their wedding plan earlier so I can't make time to attend the reception party. D. When I knew their wedding party, it was too late to attend the reception party. 141. The horror film didn't come up to our expectations. A. The horror film fell short of our expectations. B. We expected the horror film to end more abruptly.

C. We expected the horror film to be more boring.

KÈ

D. The horror film was as good as we expected. 142. No sooner had I turned on my new PC than there was a strange noise. A. As soon as there was a strange noise, I turned on my new PC. B. Scarcely had I turned on my new PC when there was a strange noise.

C. Hardly I had turned on my new PC, there was a strange noise.

DẠ

D. I had hardly turned on my new PC than there was a strange noise.

143. By the time Pete telephoned me, I had already finished updating my social networking profile. A. Pete telephoned me while I was updating my social networking profile. Page 142

B. Pete telephoned me after I had already finished updating my social networking profile. C. Hardly I had finished updating my social networking profile when Pete telephoned me. D. When Pete telephoned me, I finished updating my social networking profile.

B. She had seen such a moving documentary for a long time. C. She had never seen a more moving documentary than this before.

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A. She had never seen a moving documentary before.

144. It was the first time she had ever seen such a moving documentary,

D. The first time she saw such a moving documentary was a long time ago 145. I was not in the mood for taking part in a chatting forum. B. I was not in a good mood then to chat to you. C. Having a serious conversation made me moody.

A. I didn't want to join in a chatting forum.

D. I was in a bad mood because of taking part in a chatting forum.

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Unit 5. CULTURAL IDENTITY

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A. VOCABULARY • assimilate /əˈsɪməleɪt/ (v): đồng hóa • assimilation /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn/ (n): sự đồng hóa • attire /əˈtaɪə(r)/ (n): quần áo, trang phục • blind man's bluff: trò chơi bịt mắt bắt dê • cultural identity /ˈkʌltʃərəl aɪˈdentəti/: bản sắc văn hóa • cultural practices /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈpræktɪs/: các hoạt động văn hóa, tập quán văn hóa • custom /ˈkʌstəm/ (n): phong tục, tập quán • diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): tính đadạng • flock /flɒk/ (v): lũ lượt kéo đến • maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ (v): bảo vệ, duy trì • martial spirit /ˈmɑːʃl ˈspɪrɪt/ (n.phr): tinh thần thượng võ • multicultural /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/ (a): đa văn hóa • national custome /ˌnæʃnəl ˈkɒstjuːm/: trang phục dân tộc • national pride /ˌnæʃnəl praɪd/: lòng tự hào dân tộc • solidarity /ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/ (n): sự đoàn kết, tình đoàn kết • unify /ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/ (v): thống nhất • unique /juˈniːk/ (a): độc lập, duy nhất, chỉ có 1 • unite /juˈnaɪt/ (v): đoàn kết • worship /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ (v): tôn kính, thờ cúng B. GRAMMAR REVIEW 1. THÌ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN - Dùng để chỉ sự việc xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vẫn còn tiếp tục ở hiện tại và có thể -vẫn còn tiếp diễn trong tương lai. Chúng ta sử dụng thì này để nói về sự việc đã kết thúc nhưng chúng ta vẫn còn thấy ảnh hưởng.

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• Cách sử dụng thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn: Cách dùng Hành động bắt đầu ở quá khứ và còn đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại (nhấn mạnh tính liên tục)

Câu nghi vấn Have/Has + S + been + V-ing? CHÚ Ý: - Yes, I we you/ they + have. - Yes, he/she/it + has. Vi dụ: - Have you been standing in the rain for more than 2 hours? (Bạn đứng dưới mưa hơn 2 tiếng đồng hồ rồi phải không?) - Yes, I have./ No, I haven't. - Has he been typing the report since this morning? (Anh ấy đánh máy bài báo cáo từ sáng rồi rồi phải không?) - - Yes, he has./No, he hasn't.

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Câu phủ định S + haven't/hasn't been + Ving CHÚ Ý: - haven't = have not - hasn't = has not Ví dụ: - I haven't been studying English for 5 years. (Tôi không học tiếng Anh được 5 năm rồi.) - She hasn't been watching films since last year. (Cô ấy không xem phim từ năm ngoái.)

Câu khẳng định S+ have/has + been + Ving CHÚ Ý: - S = I/ We/ You/ They + have - S = He She It + has Ví dụ: - It has been raining for 1 week. (Trời mua 1 tuần rồi.) - She has been living here for one year. (Cô ấy sống ở đây được một năm rồi.)

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Ví dụ She has been waiting for you all day (Cô nàng đã đợi cậu cả ngày rồi). She has been working here since 2010. (Cô ấy làm việc ở đây từ năm 2010). Hành động đã kết thúc trong quá khứ, nhưng chúng It has been raining (Trời vừa mưa xong). ta quan tâm tới kết quả tới hiện tại. I am very tired now because I have been working hard for 12 hours. (Bây giờ tôi rất mệt vì tôi đã làm việc vất vả trong 12 tiếng đồng hồ). 2. PHÂN BIỆT HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH và HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN Dạng thức, chức năng và cách sử dụng Thì hiện tại hoàn thành và thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn Hiện tại hoàn thành Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn 1. Nhấn mạnh đến tính kết quả của một hành 1. Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của một hành động hành động động Ex: I have read this book three times. Ex: She has been waiting for him all her lifetime. 2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức sau: 2. Được sử dụng trong một số công thức sau: - I have studied English since I was 6 years old. - I have been running all the afternoon. - He has played squash for 4 years. - She has been hoping to meet him all day long. - I have been to London twice. - I am so tired. I have been searching for a new - I have never seen her before. apartment all the morning. - She has just finished her project. - How long have you been playing the piano? - She has already had breakfast. - She has been teaching here for about 12 years. - He has not met her recently. 3. Signal Words: ever, never, just, already, 3. Signal Words: all the morning, all the afternoon, all recently, since, for day long, since, for, how long... 3. SO SÁNH KÉP a. Lũy tiến: càng ngày càng... • Short Adj/ Adv Page 144

S + be/ V + adj/ ady - er and adj/ adv - er Ex: The climate is getting hotter and hotter. • Long Adj/ Adv

S + be/ V + more and more + adj/ adv

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Ex: The environment is more and more polluted. b. Đồng tiến: càng ... càng... • Short Adj/ Adv

The adj/ adv – er + S1 + V1, the adj, adv – er + S2 + V2 Ex: The older he is, the weaker he becomes. • Long Adj/ Adv

The more adj/ adv + S1 + V1, the more adj/ adv + S2 + V2 Ex: The more luxurious the car is, the more expensive it becomes. c. Càng càng với danh từ. Ex: The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get. d. Càng càng với động từ.

The more + N + S1 + V1, the more + N + S2 + V2 The more + N + S1 + V1, the more + N + S2 + V2

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Ex: The more he works, the more he earns.

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Note: Vế 2 là 1 trong 3 công thức của vế 1 cho phù hợp. Ex: 1. The hotter it is, the more tired we feel. 2. The more we study, the more intelligent we are. 3. The more rice we export, the richer our country. BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Choose the best answer in brackets. If both tenses are possible, use the present perfect continuous. 1. I_______('vé been cycling /'ve you cycled) and my legs are really tired now. 2. I'm sorry I'm late, _______(have you waited /have you been waiting) for a long time? 3. How long_______ (have you known/ have you been knowing) Peter? 4. Somebody_______ (has been eating /has eaten) my cookies. There are none left. 5. Somebody_______ (has been eating /has eaten) my cookies. There are very few left. 6. How many books_______ (has she written/ has she been writing)? 7. She must be tired. She_______(has written/ has been writing) all afternoon. 8. I_______ ('ve been reading/ 've read) all afternoon? I_______ ('ve been reading/'ve read) 5 chapters. 9. I think I_______('ve been liking/ 've liked) chocolate since I was born. 10. They_______(have been travelling/ have travelled) for months, and they_______(have been visiting /have visited) three countries so far. ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 2: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives. 1. He gets_______(boring). 2. This book is getting_______(interesting). 3. My daughter's English results are getting_______(bad). 4. Sally arrives_______(late) at work. 5. The weather is getting_______(beautiful). Page 145

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6. Your room is getting_______(messy). 7. Milk is getting_______(expensive). 8. I think films are getting_______(violent). 9. It's getting_______(difficult) to see him. 10. He is getting_______(busy) at the moment. 11. I saw him yesterday. He feels_______(good).

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Bài 3. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives. Choose the best answer. 1. He gets (+ boring) _______ 2. This book is getting (- interesting) _______. 3. My daughter's English results are getting (+ bad) _______ 4. This book is getting (- interesting) _______. 5. My daughter's English results are getting (+ bad) _______ 6. Your room is getting (+ messy) _______ 7. Milk is getting (+ expensive) _______ 8. I saw him yesterday. He feels (+ good) _______ 9. Computers are getting (- expensive) _______ 10. There are (+ tourists) _______from Asia in Australia. 11. We have (- time) _______to relax and do nothing. 12. There are (- immigrants) _______from Europe. 13. In Australia, (- people) _______learn French at school. 14. It is getting (+ hard) _______to find a job nowadays. 15. There are (- koalas) _______in Australia. 16. It is getting (+ difficult) _______to find a job nowadays. 17. Handball is becoming (+ popular) _______. 18. (+ Australians) _______worry about ecology. 19. People live (+ far) _______from the capital city. 20. The Australian beaches are getting (+ clean) _______.

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■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 4: Choose the best answer in brackets. If both tenses are possible, use the present perfect continuous. 1. Her eyes hurt because she_______ ('s been looking/'s looked) at that computer screen for hours. 2. I'm tired because I_______(haven't been having /haven't had) a holiday for ages. 3. It_______('s been snowing/ 's snowed) for hours. If it continues we won't be able to go to school tomorrow. 4. I hope Tom's alright. We_______(haven't been seeing /haven't seen) him recently. 5. The office is really busy. The phones_______(have been ringing/ have rung) all day. 6. _______(Have you been reading /Have you read) any of Alan Bennett's work? 7. They're tired now because they_______('ve been cycling /'ve cycled) thirty miles. 8. We_______('ve been waiting/'ve waited) for over half an hour and there's still no sign of the bus. Bài 5: Complete the sentences below by putting the verb in brackets into the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. Page 146

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1. The company is huge. It (create) _______ a thousand new jobs since the beginning of last year. 2. We (produce) _______this product since the beginning of the year. 3. I (have) _______this car for twenty years and it's as reliable as ever. 4. I'm afraid the company is going bankrupt. It (have) _______big problems lately. 5. So, what (you/do) _______since I last saw you? What's new? 6. How many of these questions (you/manage) _______to get right so far? 7. I'm a bit worried about Mike. He (act) _______very strange of late. 8. He's an awful driver. He (have) _______four accidents in the last three months. 9. (you/send) _______us the new price list of your products yet? We need it as soon as possible. 10. I (try) _______to repair the lock on our door for the last four hours without any success.

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Bài 6: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives. 1. He gets_______(boring). I can't listen to him any longer. 2. I didn't like this book at first, but it's getting_______(interesting). 3. My daughter's English results are getting_______(bad). 4. The boss will be angry with you. You arrive_______(late) at work. 5. In spring the weather gets_______(warm). 6. It's time you tidied your room. It's getting (messy). 7. Food is getting_______(expensive). 8. I think TV programs are getting_______(violent). 9. I find it_______(difficult) to see him. 10. She's getting over her operation. She feels_______(good).

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Bài 7: Complete the sentence by using the bolded adjective in its correct form. 1. This is a nice cat. It's much______ than my friend's cat. 2. Here is Sarah. She's six years old. Her brother is nine, so he is_______. 3. This is a difficult exercise. But that exercise is the_______exercise on the worksheet. 4. He has an interesting hobby, but my sister has the_______one in the world. 5. In the last holidays I read a good book, but father gave me an even_______one last weekend. 6. School is boring, but homework is_______than school. 7. Skateboarding is a dangerous hobby. Bungee jumping is_______than skateboarding. 8. This magazine is cheap, but that one is_______ 9. We live in a small house, but my grandparents' house is even_______than ours. 10. Yesterday John told me a funny joke. This joke was the_______joke I've ever heard.

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Bài 8: Choose the correct answer. 1. It's becoming_______ (harder and harder/more and more hard) to secure a good job nowadays. 2. My sister is probably_______(the more/the most) important person in my life. 3. We find that we have_______(far less/lesser) time to relax now that we have children. 4. Out of the two of them, she was_______(a bit/far and away) the better singer. 5. The (worse/worst) _______ thing by far about being unemployed is having no money. 6. Tom and Margot are_______(easily/easiest) the best students in my class. Page 147

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Bài 9: Rewrite the sentences. 1. She plays better than I do.  I don't _______________________________ 2. He plays football better than anyone in our team.  He is_______________________________ 3. Men don't live as long as women.  Women_______________________________ 4. You shouldn't drive so fast in this wet weather.  You should_______________________________ 5. We had planned the meeting to end earlier.  The meeting ended_______________________________ 6. David didn't enjoy the film as much as Ann.  Ann_______________________________ 7. I like classical music better than pop.  I don’t_______________________________ 8. The meal cost us far more than we thought it would.  We didn't think_______________________________ 9. There are fewer rainy days in Ho Chi Minh City than in Hanoi.  There aren't_______________________________ 10. I hadn't expected this exercise to be so difficult.  This exercise_______________________________

7. My exam results are only_______ (marginally/ quite) worse than yours. 8. The slower you work, the_______ (longer /longest) the job will take you to finish.

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Bài 10: Choose the best answer. 1. English is now the international language, that's why_______ people speak English. A. fewer and fewer B. hotter and hotter C. less and less D. more and more 2. The influence of France is not as strong as it used to be, that's why_______ French. A. fewer and fewer B. hotter and hotter C. less and less D. more and more 3. People need their cars to get to work, that's why_______ oil has to be imported. A. fewer and fewer B. hotter and hotter C. less and less D. more and more 4. People work every day. That's why they have_______ time to cook. A. fewer and fewer B. hotter and hotter C. less and less D. more and more 5. The world population is increasing. That's why there are_______people. A. fewer and fewer B. hotter and hotter C. less and less D. more and more 6. The number of kangaroos is increasing. That's why there are_______kangaroos in Australia. A. fewer and fewer B. hotter and hotter C. less and less D. more and more 7. The immigration from Great Britain is decreasing, so there are_______people. A. fewer and fewer B. hotter and hotter C. less and less D. more and more 8. Practising surf is popular, so the number of people who practise surfing is getting_______, important. A. fewer and fewer B. hotter and hotter C. less and less D. more and more 9. In France the temperature is increasing, so it is getting_______. Page 148

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A. fewer and fewer B. hotter and hotter C. less and less D. more and more 10. There are twenty millions kangaroos in Australia but there are_______ koalas. A. fewer and fewer B. hotter and hotter C. less and less D. more and more KEY BÀI TẬP CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Choose the best answer in brackets. If both tenses are possible, use the present perfect continuous. 1. 've been cycling (hành động vừa mới kết thúc gần đây) 2. have you been waiting (có thể sử dụng cả 2 thì; thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn được dùng phổ biến hơn khi động từ là "action verb") 3. have you known (know là "stative verb" nên ta chia ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành) 4. has eaten (nhấn mạnh vào sự hoàn tất của hành động) 5. has been eating (hành động chưa hoàn tất) 6. has she written (đề cập đến số lượng bao nhiêu) 7. has been writing (nhấn mạnh vào độ dài của hành động "all afternoon") 've been reading (nhấn mạnh độ dài hành động) - 've read (số lượng bao nhiêu) 9. 've liked (like là "stative verb" nên ta chia ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành) 10. have been travelling (travel là "action verb"; nhấn mạnh vào độ dài hành động "for months") –have visited (số lượng bao nhiêu) Bài 2: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives. 6. messier and messier

2. more and more interesting

7. more and more expensive

1. more and more boring 3. worse and worse

8. more and more violent

4. later and later

9. more and more difficult 10. busier and busier

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5. more and more beautiful

11. better and better

Bài 3: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives. 1. more and more boring

11. less and less time 12. fewer and fewer immigrants

3. worse and worse

13. fewer and fewer people

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2. less and less interesting

14. harder and harder

5. more and more beautiful

15. fewer and fewer koalas

6. messier and messier

16. more and more difficult

7. more and more expensive

17. more and more popular

8. better and better

18. More and more Australians

9. less and less expensive

19. farther and farther

10. more and more tourists

20. cleaner and cleaner

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4. later and later

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5. have been ringing

2. haven't had

6. Have you read

3. 's been snowing

7. 've been cycling

4. haven't seen

8. 've been waiting

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1. 's been looking

Bài 4: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives.

Bài 5: Complete the sentences below by putting the verb in brackets into the present perfect simple or present perfect continuous. 6. have you managed

2. have been producing

7. has been acting

3. have had

8. has had

4. has had

9. Have you sent

5. have you been doing

10. have been trying

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1. has created

Bài 6: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets, using repeated comparatives. 1. more and more boring

6. messier and messier

2. more and more interesting

7. more and more expensive 8. more and more violent

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3. worse and worse 4. later and later

9. more and more difficult

5. warmer and warmer

10. better and better

Bài 7: Complete the sentence by using the bolded adjective in its correct form. 6. more boring

2. older

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3. most difficult

1. nicer

7. more dangerous 8. cheaper.

4. most interesting

9. smaller

5. better

10. funniest

Bài 8: Choose the correct answer. 5. worst

2. the most

6. easily

3. far less

7. marginally

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1. harder and harder

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Bài 9: Rewrite the sentences. 1. I don't play as well as she does. 2. He is the best football player in our team. 3. Women live longer than men. 4. You should drive more slowly in this wet weather. 5. The meeting ended later than we had planned. 6. Ann enjoyed the film more than David. 7. I don't like pop as much as classical music. 8. We didn't think (that) the meal would cost US so much. 9. There aren't as/so many rainy days in Ho Chi Minh City as in Hanoi. 10. This exercise was more difficult than I had expected.

2. A

7. A

3. D

8. D

4. C

9. B

5. D

10. A

6. D

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Bài 10: Choose the best answer. 1. D

8. longer

FI CI A

4. far and away

TEST 1+2

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A. PHONETICS I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. pressure B. whiteboard C. diverse D. present (n) 2. A. drastically B. distinction C. enjoyable D. dependent 3. A. identifier B. multicultural C. agricultural D. international 4. A. notification B. association C. competition D. participation 5. A. demolish B. syllabus C. industrial D. commercial 6. A. achievement B. encourage C. integrate D. tradition 7. A. computer B. socialize C. diversity D. facility II. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. housework B. vision C. hospital D. classroom 2. A. diversity B. remind C. unite D. attire 3. A. burden B. curtain C. turtle D. curriculum 4. A. unity B. martial C. practice D. spirit 5. A. responsive B. content C. sector D. sense 6. A. benefit B. narrow-minded C. application D. non-profit 7. A. costume B. custom C. culture D. buff 8. A. evaluation B. facilitator C. guidance D. female B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Give the correct form of the verb in the brackets. Page 151

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1. I (know) ___have known____ him all my life. 2. They (live) ____have been living_____ in that house for two years. 3. My brother (write) ____has written_____ three books. 4. She (not break) ____hasn’t broken___ her leg yet. 5. She (already break) ___has already broken___ her arm. 6. I (see) _____have seen______ an elephant several times. 7. She (have) _____has had_____ that dress for ten years. 8. We (be) ____have been_____ here for hours! 9. The children (not finish) ____haven’t finished____ their homework yet. 10. You (ever be) _____have you ever been__ to the zoo? 11. I (read) ____have read______ that novel by Hemingway several times before. 12. How long you (learn) ____have you been learning____ English? 13. We (study) _____have studied______ almost every lesson in this book so far. 14. I never (eat) _____have never eaten_____ snake meat. 15. Oh no! Someone (steal) ____has stolen_____ my bag. II. Read the situations and complete the sentences. 1. It's raining. The rain started two hours ago. It ____has been raining___ for two hours. 2. We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting for 20 minutes. We ___have been waiting__ for 20 minutes. 3. I'm learning Spanish. I started classes in December. I ___have been learning Spanish ____ since December. 4. Mary is working in London. She started working there on 18 January. She ___has been working there___ since 18 January. 5. Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy. They started going there years ago. They ___have been going there___ for years. III. Put the verb into the present continuous. (I am -ing) or present perfect continuous (I have been ing) 1. Maria has been learning (Maria/ learn) English for two years. 2. Hello, Tom _______I’ve been looking_____ (I/ look) for you. Where have you been? 3. Why ______are you looking______ (you/look) at me like that? Stop it! 4. Linda is a teacher, ____she has been teaching_____ (she/ teach) for ten years. 5. _____I’ve been thinking_____ (I/ think) about what you said and I've decided to take your advice. 6. 'Is Paul on holiday this week?' 'No, ____he’s working_____’ (he/ work?) 7. Sarah is very tired ____she’s been working______ (she/ work) very hard recently. VI. The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits suitably in the blank. 1. My sister works hard to ____maintain____ close friendships with the students she studied with in London. Maintainance 2. A nation's culture resides in the ____hearts____ and in the soul of its people. (Mahatma Gandhi) Heart 3. A people without the _____knowledge____ of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. (Marcus garvey) Know 4. Many of the different _____aboriginal______ groups in North America speak their own unique language. Aborigin 5. Jane had to _____assimilate____ a great deal of information on the first day of her new job. Assimilation

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6. The orchid family of flowers is the largest is the largest, most _____diverse____ plant family found in nature. Diversity 7. Vietnamese _____customs____ of weddings, funerals, holidays and rituals all are attached to village community. Customery 8. The ways a person dresses and behaves in public are distinct examples of ____cultural____ diversity and belief patterns. Culture V. Complete each of the following sentences, using the structure comparative + and + comparative with the word in blackets. 1. The warmer the weather, the _______more________ I liked him. 2. The more you practice your English, the ________ more ________ you will learn. 3. The longer he waited, the _________ more _______ impatient he became. 4. The ______ more ________ electricity you use, the higher your bill will be. 5. The more expensive the hotel, the _______better________ the service. 6. The more I got to know him, the ______ more _______ I liked him. 7. The more you have, the __________ more _________ you want. VI. Complete the following sentences with the appropriate form of the words in brackets. 1. Once upon a time there were three little pigs who wanted to see the world. When they left home, their mum gave them some advice: whatever you do, do it the (good) _____best_____ you can. 2. So the three pigs wandered through the world and were the (happy) ____happiest____ pigs you've ever seen. 3. They were playing (funny) _____funny______ games all summer long, but then came autumn and each pig wanted to build a house. 4. The first pig was not only the (small) ___smallest____ but also the (lazy) ____laziest___ of the pigs. 5. He (quick) ____quickly______ built a house out of straw. 6. The second pig made his house out of wood which was a bit (difficult) ____more difficult ____ than building a straw house. 7. The third pig followed his mum's advice and built a strong house out of bricks, which was the (difficult) _____most difficult _____ house to build. 8. The pig worked very (hard) ____hard_____, but finally got his house ready before winter. 9. During the cold winter months, the three little pigs lived (extreme) ___extremely____ (good) ____well_____ in their houses. 10. They (regular) ___regularly____ visited one another and had the (wonderful) ____most wonderful___ time of their lives. VII. Combine the sentences, using DOUBLE COMPARATIVE 1. She studies hard, she will get good grades. The harder she studies, the better grades she will get. 2. You rest much, you will feel better. The more you rest, the better you will feel. 3. The weather is warmer, I feel better. The warmer the weather is, the better I feel. 4. We leave early, we will arrive soon. The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive. 5. We have much knowledge, we become wise. The more knowledge we have, the wiser we become. 6. You are young, you learn easily. The younger you are, the more easily you learn. Page 153

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7. The hotel is expensive, the services are good. The more expensive the hotel is, the better the services are. 8. You use much electricity, your bill will be high. The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be. 9. I thought about the plan, I like it little. The more I thought about the plan, the less I like it. 10. He is old, he learns slowly. The older he is, the more slowly he learns. 11. She eats much, she will become fat. The more she eats, the fatter she will become. 12. She is older, she becomes more beautiful. The older she is, the more beautiful she becomes. 13. You have much, you want more. The more you have, the more you want. 14. I waited long. I got angry. The longer I waited, the angrier I got. 15. I live far. I feel homesick. The farther I live, the more homesick I feel. VIII. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. The mass media has become one of the main instruments of political change. A. less B. fewer C. tiny D. small 2. We ought to keep these proposals secret from the chairman for the time being. A. lively B. frequented C. accessible D. revealed 3. Match the word in A with its appropriate definition in B. A. indirect B. illegal C. improper D. unreal 4. What program do you dislike watching and why not? A. fancy B. think C. imagine D. want 5. What are the differences among types of the media? A. peace B. sameness C. likes D. need 6. Heavy rain causes floods all over the country. A. light B. thin C. tiny D. trivial 7. Television can make us passive. A. obtrusive B. enterprising C. energetic D. strong 8. It is an enjoyable way to relax. A. incorrect B. improper C. hateful D. unpleasant 9. We don't have to think so our brain becomes lazy. A. quick B. diligent C. hard D. good 10. The council demolished it. A. made B. did C. started D. construct IX. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. The President escaped through a secret passage underneath the parliament building. A. answer B. hidden C. confidence D. basis 2. Which channel do you recommend to someone who likes animals? A. suggest B. tell C. speak D. talk

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3. Documentary is a film or a radio or television program giving facts about something. A. things B. numbers C. truth D. news 4. What types of the media are the most and the least important to you? A. successful B. significant C. Wonderful D. attractive 5. Listen to the two radio news stories and check the right column under News story 1 and News story 2. A. honest B. honorable C. good D. precise 6. Television can make things more memorable because it presents information in a more effective way. A. clever B. expensive C. successful D. pretty 7. Some television programs may make people violent. A. rapid B. insane C. extreme D. good 8. Television also interferes with family life and communication. A. conflicts B. comes C. goes D. chats 9. I'm afraid you've made a mistake. A. wrongness B. error C. badness D. ugliness 10. It makes us aware of our global responsibilities. A. national B. worldly C. universal D. overall X. Choose the best answer. 1. As she did so, her parents became ____. A. the angriest B. the most angry C. the more angry D. angrier and angrier 2. People should eat ____ and do ____ to reduce the risk of heart disease. A. less fat/more exercise B. less and less fat/the more exercise C. the less fat/the more exercise D. fatter/more exercise 3. He spent a year in India and loves spicy food. ____ the food is, ____ he likes it. A. The hotter/the more and more B. The hotter/the more C. The more and more hot/the more D. The hottest/the most 4. It gets ____ to understand what the professor has explained. A. most difficult B. mostly difficult C. the most difficult D. more and more difficult 5. Increasing your vocabulary will make it easier for you to ____ reading comprehension skills. A. fit B. allow C. use D. assimilate 6. Of course you can come to the party. ____. A. The more the merrier B. The more and the merrier C. The more and merrier D. The more and more merrier 7. I feel ____ I did yesterday. A. much more tired than B. many more tired than C. as many tired as D. as more tired as 8 Cultural identity must be ____ and locals should be encouraged to continue their traditions in the wake of tourism. A. protected B. insured C. assured D. confirmed 9. I can't believe that you ____ all the three exercises. You just started five minutes ago. A. have finished B. have been finishing C. finished D. are finishing 10. She is ____ a spectator. A. more an athlete than B. more of an athlete than C. an athlete more than D. an athlete of more than 11. His house is ____ mine. A. twice as big as B. as twice big as C. as two times big as D. as big as twice Page 155

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12. ____ live in Ho Chi Minh City than in the whole of the rest of the country. A. As much as people B. More people C. As many as people D. People more 13. Touring the small villages of Vietnam by bicycle was a(n) ____ experience. A. existing B. general C. particular D. unique 14. We spend a lot of time together as a family, which sometimes is the best way to learn about ____. A. customs B. habits C. activities D. establishment 15. It gets ____ to understand what the professor has explained. A. the more difficult B. more difficult than C. difficult more and more D. more and more difficult 16. You must drive slower in built up areas. ____ you drive in the city, it is ____ that you will have an accident. A. The faster and faster/the more B. The faster/the more probable C. The more and more fast/the more and more probable D. The more fastly/the probable 17. The party was ____ I had expected A. more a hundred times funny than B. a hundred times funny more than C. a hundred times funnier than D. a hundred times more funny than 18. He finds physics ____ other science subjects. A. far more difficult than B. many more difficult than C. too much more difficult than D. more much difficult than 19. Combining physical activity with a healthy diet is the best way to a ____ healthy body weight A. provide B. support C. maintain D. express 20. Each ethnic group has its own cultural identities, thus, the Vietnamese culture has both ____ and unity. A. difference B. variety C. similarity D. diversity 21. ____ he drank, ____ he became. A. More/more violent B. The most/the most violent C. The more/the more violent D. The less/less violent 22. Mary was ____ of the two sisters. A. the clever B. as clever as C. the cleverer D. the cleverest 23. Culture is the lens with which we evaluate everything around us; we ____ what is proper or improper, normal or abnormal, through our culture. A. express B. evaluate C. calculate D. signal 24. In some parts of the country, prices are ____ than in others. A. high B. more and more high C. the highest D. higher and higher 25. French is a ____ language to learn than English is. A. difficult B. more difficult C. most difficult D. more and more difficult C. READING I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. Travelling is a great thing to do. It helps us learn about different people and different places. Some people travel because they want to see nature. Others travel because they want to make friends and try great food. Of course, a lot of tourists are interested in (1) ____ culture. Tourism can be very good for traditional cultures. This is because when people travel to (2) ____ country, they often want to learn more about that country's traditions, such as music, food, and history. Therefore, the local people in that country will keep their traditional culture (3) ____. They will wear Page 156

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traditional clothing, and sell traditional food. They will also have shows for tourists. These shows can be (4) ____, concerts, plays, or something else. Tourism also helps people respect each other. If you understand another culture well, you will probably respect that culture much more. You will probably want to (5) ____ that culture as well. However, tourism is not always good for traditional culture. Many people say that tourism creates "fake traditional culture". This means that the local people wear traditional (6) ____, and do traditional dances only for tourists, but that is not their real lifestyle. Their real lifestyles are similar (7) ____ the tourists lifestyle. They are just pretending because they want to make money. Another problem is that tourists can interfere with the local people's lives. For example, sometimes tourists come to watch local people praying in temples. While the local people pray, tourists take photographs and make noise. This often bothers the local people. Sometimes tourists also damage local sites. If 500 people enter an (8) ____ temple every day, they may damage that temple. No matter (9) ____, more and more tourists want to learn about traditional cultures. Most local people want more tourism, because tourists bring money and help local businesses. Tourists have to respect local culture and places. Local governments have to make laws that protect places and lifestyles. If everyone is responsible, then tourism will be (10) ____ for traditional cultures. 1. A. ideal B. traditional C. regular D. new 2. A. other B. others C. one D. another 3. A. alive B. clean C. beautiful D. luxury 4. A. dances B. foundations C. establishment D. fact 5. A. work B. train C. protect D. prevent 6. A. shows B. costumes C. acts D. symbolizes 7. A. with B. for C. by D. to 8. A. ancient B. attractive C. impressive D. famous 9. A. what B. how C. that D. when 10. A. big B. large C. great D. nice II. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box. encountered foundation influence code belief practising principles represents embrace Traditions The definition of cultural identity, in its most basic form, is a sense of belonging. This includes a shared sense of companionship, beliefs, interests and basic (1) _____ principles ____ of living. When a person identifies with their culture, they often (2) ______ embrace ___ traditions that have been passed down through the years. The cultural identity links a person to their heritage, and it can help them to identify with others who have the same traditions and basic (3) ____ belief ___ systems. Some people claim that a person's cultural identity is the (4) ____ foundation ____ or groundwork on which every other aspect of their being is built. It is the cornerstone of what makes them who they are. Following one's culture often means (5) _____ practising _____ a specific religion, wearing a certain type of clothing or something else that (6) _____ represents ____ their culture. It creates an outward visible means of identifying that person as part of a particular culture or nationality. The Aboriginal tribes of Australia and New Zealand are excellent examples of this. Many tribes still live and behave as they did when they first (7) ____ encountered ______ white civilization. They hunt, dress, celebrate and live their lives as if no one has ever attempted to (8) ____ influence ____ them. They follow a tribal form of government and also stick to a strict (9) _____ code _______ of ethics both in tribal and family life. (10) ______ Traditions ______ are often passed down from generation to generation and have been in existence for hundreds of years. III. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Page 157

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UNDERSTANDING INDIA'S CASTE SYSTEM It has been said that life is what we make of it. In other words, if we work hard and focus on our goals, we can have great careers and enjoy high status is society. However, these opportunities don't exist for everyone. In some places, the family you are born into will decide almost everything about your life. India's caste system is an example of this. The caste system is a major part of the Hindu religion that has existed for thousands of years. It is a way of organizing and grouping people based on the occupation of the family. Castes will determine whom people can socialize with and their place in society. Originally, a person's caste was supposed to be determined by their personality, but over time it has been linked to their job and family. There are four classes, also known as varnas, in India's caste system. The highest one is Brahmin. People in this class have jobs in education and religion. These are seen as extremely important functions for the society as they deal with the knowledge. The second highest level is the Kshatriya, or ruling class. People from this group can be soldiers, landowners, or have jobs in politics. The class beneath this is the Vaishya. These people often work in the commercial sector as merchants. The fourth class level is the Shudra. Shudras typically work as unskilled laborers doing factory or farm work, or they may also be employed as artists. There is another group, the Harijan, that is at the bottom and considered to be outside of the caste system. For many years, they were known as Untouchables, people from this caste held the most undesirable jobs in society, such as cleaning up garbage. Furthermore, they weren't allowed to pray at public temples or drink water from the same wells as other classes. If someone from another caste came into contact with an Untouchable, they were considered dirty and would be expected to bathe vigorously to clean themselves, Although the caste system still exists in India, the government is taking steps to improve the living conditions and decrease unemployment rates for the Shudras and Harijan. This includes providing better health care, offering literacy programmes, and making sure that people from higher social classes do not exploit them. It seems unlikely that the caste system will disappear any time soon, but the overall conditions for those at the bottom do seem to be improving. 1. Which of the following is not true about India's caste system? A. The caste system has been used in India for a long time. B. The Kshatriya is the second highest class. C. Hard work helps people move up in the caste system. D. It is possible that a Shudra would work on a farm. 2. The word "this" in paragraph 1 refers to ____. A. the fact that your origin will mostly decide your future B. the pleasure of life in India C. the India's caste system existing for thousands of years D. the major part of the Hindu religion 3. What is the caste system mainly based on? A. What a person believes on B. When a person starts school C. Who a person's parents are D. Where a person was born 4. What kind of job would a Brahmin likely have? A. A priest B. A warrior C. An inventor D. A painter 5. What could replace the word "ruling" in paragraph 3? A. defeating B. guessing C. delaying D. governing 6. All of the following are true about the Harijan EXCEPT that ____. A. they used to be known as Untouchables Page 158

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B. they had to do undesirable jobs in society C. any contact between someone from another caste with an Untouchable was considered unacceptable D. anyone from another caste coming to contact with an Untouchable is not allowed to pray at temples 7. What does the passage suggest about the future of the caste system? A. One day soon it won't be used anymore in India. B. It is probably going to get worse before it gets better. C. The bottom groups will rise to rule over the top classes. D. It will likely continue to exist for a long time in India. IV. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions. The custom of paying a bride price before marriage is still a well-established part of many African cultures. In paying a bride price, the family of the groom must provide payment to the family of the bride before the marriage is allowed. The bride price can vary greatly from culture to culture in Africa. In the Zulu and Swazi tribes of southern Africa, the bride price often takes the form of cattle. In Western African kola nuts, shells, and other goods are often used for the payment of the bride price. The actual payment of money sometimes takes place, but the payment of goods is more frequent. The amount of paid in a bride price can also vary. In modern times, the bride price is occasionally quite small and its value is mainly symbolic. However, the bride price can still be quite high, especially among prominent or highly traditional families. There are a number of justifications used to explain the payment of bride price. The first is that the bride price represents an acknowledgement of the expense the bride's family has gone in order to raise her and bring her up as a suitable bride for the groom. It also represents payment for the loss of a family member, since the bride will officially become a member of her husband's family and will leave her own. On a deeper level the bride price represents payment for the fact that the bride will bring children into the family of the groom, thereby increasing the wealth of the family. This concept is reinforced by the fact that the bride price must often be returned if the bride fails to bear children. The payment of the bride price has quite a number of effects on African society. First, the payment of bride price acts to increase the stability of African family structures. Sons are dependent on their fathers and older relatives to help them pay the bride price of their wives, and this generally leads to greater levels of obedience and respect. The negotiations between the two families concerning the bride price allow the parents and other family members to meet and get to know one another before the marriage. Finally, since the bride price must often be repaid in case of divorce, the bride's family often works to make sure that any marital problems are solved quickly. Bride prices also work as a system of wealth distribution in African cultures, Wealthier families can afford to support the marriage of their son, and thus their wealth is transferred to other families. 1. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of the bride price EXCEPT ____. A its amount and form can vary B. its practice is occasionally only symbolic C. it is a relatively new practice in Africa D. it is generally higher among traditional families 2. Why does the author mention “the payment of money” in paragraph 1? A. To stress that the use of goods in the payment of bride price is most common. B. To demonstrate the differences in how rich and poor families pay the bride price. C. To illustrate how the practice of bride price has changed over time. Page 159

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D. To demonstrate how expensive a bride price can be sometimes. 3. The word "prominent" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ____. A. educated B. important C. religious D. conservative 4. The phrase "The first" in paragraph 2 refers to the first ____. A. marriage B. bride price C. payment D. justification 5. It can be inferred from the paragraph 2 that African families ____. A. never see their daughters after marriage B. pay the bride price on the day of the wedding C. place more value on men than women D. place great importance on childbirth 6. The author uses the word "marital" to indicate that the problems are related to ____. A. money B. law C. marriage D. pregnancy 7. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Sometimes the bride's family has to return the bride price to the groom's for equal distribution of wealth. B. The initial negotiations over the bride price provide opportunities for 2 families to meet each other. C. Animals are not an acceptable form of payment when it comes to paying the bride prices. D. Without having to pay the bride price, African men would not respect their family members. 8. Why are women often married to older men? A. Young men lack the financial to marry. B. The legal age for marriage is lower for women than for men. C. Families are eager to gain the bride price from their daughter's marriage. D. Women live longer than men on average. D. WRITING I. Use double comparative to complete these following sentences. 1. They are big, they fall fast. The bigger they are, the faster they fall. 2. It is hot, I feel miserable. The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel. 3. I look into your eyes much, I love you much. The more I look into your eyes, the more I love you. 4. He got old, he became bad-tempered. The older he got, the more bad-tempered he became. 5. He worked hard. He felt very bad. The harder he worked, the worse he felt. 6. When we think of the exam, we get more and more excited. The more we think of the exam, the more excited we get. 7. As this road gets busier, it becomes more and more dangerous. The busier this road gets, the more dangerous it becomes. 8. When you get near to the Equator, the temperature becomes high. The nearer you get to the Equator, the higher the temperature becomes. 9. If she stays in England a long time, her English will be very good. The longer she stays in England, the better her English will be. 10. You write fast, your writing becomes illegible. The faster you write, the more illegible your writing becomes. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. Page 160

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1. "Have you turned off the faucet before going out yet?" his mother asked. His mother asked him whether/ if he had turned off the faucet before going out. 2. Jenny is proud of having solved the difficult maths problem. Jenny prides (herself) on having solved the difficult maths problem. 3. Mary didn't realize the seriousness of the ongoing chaos in her family. Little did Mary realize about t?he seriousness of the ongoing chaos in her family. 4. I was just too rigid to show him my true feelings, and it did hurt badly. So rigid was I that I couldn’t s.how him my true feelings, and it did hurt badly. 5. There is no point in asking that coward to fix his wife, he daren't even look at her when talking to her. It’s no good asking that coward to fix his wife, he daren't even look at her when talking to her. 6 I'm sure it wasn't Mrs. Clarence that you saw at the park last night as she's been away for the vacation since last week. It can't have been Mrs. Clarence that you saw at the park last night as she's been away for the vacation since last week. 7. The strong wind blowing all night swept away everything lighter than a table out of its way. Everything lighter than a table was swept away by the strong wind blowing all night out of its way. 8. Print off this document for me right now, I'll need it in a few minutes." said the boss to his secretary. The boss ordered his secretary to print off the document for him right then as he would need it in a few minutes. III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. "Could I help you with the washing up?" Sophia said to her boyfriend. Sophia offered to help her boyfriend with the washing up. 2. "I won't ever go and live in that haunted house with him." said Lana. Lana refused to go and live in that/ the haunted house with him. 3. "I'll give the crazy dog back to you the moment your hand touches my door knob." said Haley to her teenage neighbor. Haley promised her teenage neighbor to give the crazy dog back to her/ him the moment her/ his hand touched her door knob. x4. "Don't let the child stay near the water, she might drown." Janet told me. Janet warned me not to let the child stay near the water as she might drown. 5. "Please don't ever let go of my hand." said the little girl to her cute boyfriend. The little girl begged her cute boyfriend to not ever let go of her hand. 6. His optimism in his illness went beyond his family's expectation. Never had his family expected he was so optimism in his illness/ such optimism in his illness. 7. "Where did you go last night? I was looking for you." said Lan to Nam. Lan asked Nam where he had gone the night before and that she had been looking for him. 8. The fire is believed to have been caused by an accidental crash. People believe that the fire was caused by an accidental crash. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. historical B. renovation C. traditional D. continuous 2. A. famous B. become C. relic D. passage 3. A. Confucian B. cultural C. architect D. festival 4. A. behavior B. brilliant C. existence D. impressive 5. A. establish B. impressive C. successful D. typical Page 161

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6. A. educated B. initially C. wonderfully D. beautifully 7. A. memorialize B. university C. originally D. occasionally 8. A. laureate B. together C. engraving D. italic 9. A. achievement B. important C. following D. consider 10. A. tortoise B. between C. scholar D. doctor II. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word. 1. The cuisine of France is ____. A. more famous than that of England B. famous than the cuisine of England C. more famous than which of England D. as famous than that of England 2. Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. ____ he becomes, he is ____. A. The more rich/ the more happy B. The richest/ the happiest C. The richer/ the happier D. Richer and richer/ happier and happier 3. We think they ____ all that is necessary A. have done B. doing C. had done D. would do 4. They go to church every Sunday to ____ their God. A. celebrate B. worship C. support D. follow 5. The faster we finish, ____. A. the sooner we can leave B. we can leave sooner and sooner C. the sooner can we leave D. we can leave the sooner 6. Of all athletes, Alex is ____. A. the less qualified B. the less and less qualified C. the more and more qualified D. the least qualified 7. The climber was seventy miles in the wrong direction and got ____. A. more panicked B. the more panicked C. more than panicked D. more and more panicked 8. Most of the ethnic groups in the United States adjust to mainstream America, but may still ____ many of their cultural customs and their native ethnic language A. retain B. limit C. hold D. contain 9. Their children ____ lots of new friends since they ____ to that town. A. have made - moved B. were making - have moved C. made - are moving D. made - have been moving 10. ____ you study for these exams, ____ you will do. A. The harder/ the better B. The more/ the much C. The hardest/ the best D. The more hard/ the more good 11. My neighbor is driving me mad! It seems that ____ it is at night, ____he plays his music! A. the less/ the more loud B. the less/less C. the more late/ the more loudly D. the later/the louder 12. Thanks to the progress of science and technology, our lives have become ____. A. more and more good B. better and better C. the more and more good D. gooder and gooder 13. "Where's Tony?" "He ____ to the travel agent's, and he hasn't come back." A. has been B. has been going C. has gone D. had gone 14. Culture serves to give a(n) ____ to a group, ensures survival and enhances the feeling of belonging. A. similarity B. difference C. identity D. interest 15. The Sears Tower is ____ building in Chicago A. taller B. the more tall C. the tallest D. taller and taller Page 162

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16. Petrol is ____ it used to. A. twice as expensive as B. twice expensive more than C. twice more than expensive D. more expensive than twice 17. Robert does not have ____ Peter does. A. money more than B. as many money as C. more money as D. as much money as 18. The Mekong Delta is ____ deltas in Vietnam. A. the largest of the two B. the more larger of the two C. one of the two largest D. one of the two larger 19. Peter is ____ John. A. younger and more intelligent than B. more young and intelligent than C. more intelligent and younger than D. the more intelligent and younger than 20. San Diego is the ____ town in Southern California. A. more nice and nice B. the nicest C. nicest D. nicer and nicer 21. Unfortunately, her illness was ____ than we thought at first. A. serious B. serious and serious C. more and more serious D. the most serious 22. Because they are a very close family, there is probably nothing that can break their ____. A. share B. contribution C. solidarity D. group 23. It gets ____ when the winter is coming. A. cold and cold B. the coldest and coldest C. colder and colder D. more and more cold 24. Studies show that children who are exposed to a more ____ community are more creative and tolerant of differences, because these students learn how to resolve conflict more easily. A. various B. similar C. differently D. diverse 25. There were a lot of people on the bus. It was ____ than usual. A. crowded B. more and more crowed C. a bit crowded D. the most crowded III. The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits suitably in the blank. 1. In many circumstances, the attire is a ____conservative____ business suit, but it can range from a dinner jacket to blue jeans. CONSERVATION 2. Shaping a stone tool is one of the oldest cultural ____practices____, and it still takes great skill and knowledge. PRACTICING 3. A positive attitude helps language students maintain their interest in learning long enough to ____achieve___ their goals. ACHIEVEMENT 4. When Helen moved to Japan, she had to quickly ____assimilate___ a new language into her vocabulary. ASSIMILATIVE 5. His ____behavior____ and attire suggested the seaman rather than a man of art. BEHAVE 6. His paintings were so unique as to require no signature for ___identification__. IDENTIFY 7. Dying languages and urbanization are threats to cultural ____identity___. IDENTIFICATION 8. When people of different cultures come together to celebrate and share their different traditions, it is an example of a(n) ____multicultural____ celebration. MULTICULTURAL IV. Choose the correct answer. 1. Of the four dresses, I like the red one (better/ best). 2. Pat's car is (faster/ fastest) than Dan's. 3. John is (less/ least) athletic of all the men. 4. Does Fred feel (weller/ better) today than he did yesterday? 5. My cat is the (prettier/ prettiest) of the two. 6. This vegetable soup tastes very (good/ best). Page 163

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7. David is the (happier/ happiest) person that we know. 8. This summery is (the better/ the best) of the pair. 9. Jim has as (few/ fewer) opportunities to play tennis as I do. 10. The museum is (the further/ the furthest) away of the three buildings. V. Complete each of the following sentences, using the structure comparative + and + comparative with the word in blackets. 1. It is becoming ___harder and harder___ to find a job. (hard) 2. His visit to New York seemed to get ____shorter and shorter______ because he was very busy at work. (short) 3. Eating and travelling in this city is getting ____more and more expensive____. (expensive) 4. As the day went to the weather got ____worse and worse____. (bad) 5. We had to shop the discussion because the question we becoming ___more and more complicated__. (complicated) 6. Your English is Ok now, your pronunciation has got ____better and better_____. (good) 7. Little John is becoming ____more and more active____. (active) VI. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box.

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direction alive pronounced basis ancestors while roots given assimilate milestones Culture is the underlying foundation of traditions and beliefs that help a person relate to the world around them. It is the (1) ____ basis ___ for any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to specific types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to search for our (2) _____ roots _____. Knowing where a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as well as how they celebrate important (3) ___ milestones ___ in life. Culture is extremely important if a tribe or ethnic group intends to continue living in the same fashion as their (4) ___ ancestors ____. The aboriginal tribes of New Zealand, Australia, and other countries across the world often struggle to keep their traditions (5) ____ alive ____. Conquering nations try to (6) ____ assimilate ____ native people into mainstream society, urging them to give up their century-old traditions. Most unwillingly refuse, (7) ___ while ____ the ones who agree to become more modernized, often struggle as time passes. Once a person has (8) _____ given ____ up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture, they begin to lose their sense of self. They no longer can identify themselves with the things that were once the most important things in their lives. They lack (9) _____ direction _____. As time passes and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (10) ____ pronounced ___. VII. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank. Heritage is traditional (1) ____, customs, and culture. We sue the world "heritage" in many different ways. People talk about their family's heritage, their city's heritage, and their country's heritage. Here are some examples of heritage. During Chinese New Year, people in Taiwan give red envelopes. That is part of Taiwanese (2) ____. Every year in the American city New Orleans, there is a huge party called Mardi Gras. That is a part of New Orleans' heritage. Heritages can also be more (3) ____ and personal. If your family has a big dinner every Sunday night, that's part of your family's heritage. Today, heritage is changing. The Internet connects people around the world. In many ways, this is a good thing, (4) ____ we can learn about the heritage of other countries, and we can show our own heritage to the world. However, some people worry that traditional heritage is (5) ____. Think about it. In many Page 164

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ways, countries are becoming more and more (6) ____. In just about every country around the world, you can find MacDonald's, Nike shoes, Starbucks coffee, and American films. Some people think it is a good thing. However, almost everyone wants to protect (7) ____ traditional heritage, and sometimes this is hard. for example, when a new MacDonald's opens in your town, a traditional restaurant might have to close. This is why heritage (8) ____ is so important. Heritage protection is a simple idea. It means (9) ____ your country's or your city's heritage alive. People do this in many ways. The biggest part of heritage protection is probably preserving old buildings. (10) ____ other examples of heritage protection are making sure your children speak your traditional language, and teaching your heritage to children The world is changing very fast. This change brings a lot of good things. But as the world is changing, it is important to remember the heritage of our parents and our grandparents. 1 A. diversities B. celebrations C. beliefs D. bases 2. A. cause B. heritage C. origin D. celebration 3. A. private B. own C. common D. public 4. A. so B. therefore C. although D. because 5. A. disappearing B. accepting C. requesting D. putting 6. A. lively B. live C. alike D. living 7. A. our B. its C. whose D. their 8. A. instruction B. protection C. position D. management 9. A. rejecting B. taking C. keeping D. turning 10. A. A little B. A few C. Many D. Some VIII. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them. Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions. According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same "facial language". Studies by Ekman's group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise. There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays the so called display rules. In many Asian cultures, for example children are taught to control emotional responses especially negative ones while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings more openi Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree in people's behavior. From their first days of life, babies produce lacial expressions that communicate their feelings. The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age live, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people's faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Charles Darwinpointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries, Cross - cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry dillerent meanings in different cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed by sticking out your tongue? For Americans, this might indicate disgust, while Page 165

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in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions. 1. The word "evolved" is closest in meaning to ____. A. developed B. simplified C. increased D. reduced 2. Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer the question whether ____. A. raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth. B. different cultures have similar emotional expressions. C. rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar D. eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar. 3. Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to ____. A. change their behavior B. conceal their positive emotions C. display their emotions openly D. control their emotions 4. The biggest difference lies in ____. A. how intensive emotions are expressed B. how often positive emotions are shown C. how emotional responses are controlled D. how long negative emotions are displayed 5. According to the passage, we respond to others by ____. A. looking at their faces B. observing their looks C. watching their actions D. observing their emotional expressions 6. Young children ____. A. spend a long time learning to read others' emotions B. are sensitive towards others' emotions C. make amazing progress in controlling their emotions D. take time to control their facial expressions 7. The best title for the passage is ____> A. Human Habit of Displaying emotions B. Ways to Control Emotional Expressions C. Cultural Universals in Emotional Expressions D. Review of Research on Emotional Expressions IX. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each of the questions. The difference between the nuclear family and the extended family is that a nuclear family refers to a single basic family unit of parents and their children, whereas the extended family refers to their relatives such as grandparents, in-laws, aunts and uncles, etc. In many cultures, and particularly indigenous societies, the latter is the most common basic form of social organization. A nuclear family is limited, according to Kristy Jackson of Colorado State University, to one or two parents (e.g. a father and mother) and their own child, or children, living together in a single house or other dwellings. In anthropology, they only must be related in this fashion; there is no upper or lower limit on the number of children in a nuclear family. The extended family is a much more nebulous term, but in essence refers to kin or relations not covered by the above definition. In historical Europe and Asia as well as in Middle Eastern African, and South American Aboriginal cultures, extended family groups were typically the most basic unit of social organization. The term can differ in specific cultural settings, but generally includes people related in age or by lineage. Anthropologically, the term "extended family' refers to such a group living together in a household, often with three generations living together (grandparents, parents, and children) and headed in patriarchal societies by the eldest man or by some other chosen leadership figure. However, in common parlance, the term "extended family" is often used by people simply to refer to their cousins, aunts, uncles, and so on, even though they are not living together in a single group. Page 166

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Historically, most people in the world have lived in extended family groupings rather than in nuclear families. This was even true in Europe and in the early United States, where multiple generations often lived together for economic reasons. During the 20h century, average income rose high enough that living apart as nuclear families became a viable option for the vast majority of the American population. In contrast, many indigenous societies and residents of developing countries continue to have multiple generations living in the same household. The rise of the nuclear family in the modern West does not necessarily mean that family arrangements have stabilized, either. The rapid growth in single-parent households, for instance, also represents a substantial change in the traditional nuclear family. More couples are also choosing not to have children at all. 1. What is the passage mainly about? A. The dominance of nuclear families over extended ones B. The dominance of extended families over nuclear ones C. A distinction between nuclear families and extended ones D. The changes of family types over times 2. The word "the latter" in paragraph 1 refers to ____. A. family unit B. relatives C. the nuclear family D. the extended family 3. Historically, extended families were the most basic unit of social organization in all of the following places EXCEPT ____. A. The Middle East B. Asia C. North America D. Europe 4. The word "patriarchal" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____. A. ruled or controlled by men B. equal for both men and women C. simple with no rules and laws D. modern with advanced facilities 5. According to the passage, single-parent households ____. A. are not defined by anthropologists B. are the existing trend of family arrangement C. are included in the term "nuclear family" D. are on the decrease 6. The word "viable" in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by ____. A. impossible B. possible C. explainable D. fashionable 7. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Since the 20th century, more and more American couples have lived in extended families because of the financial burdens. B. Nuclear families are the most basic form of social organization all over the world. C. The popularity of nuclear families in western countries helps to stabilize family arrangement. D. Traditional nuclear families have changed a lot over times. 8. What can be inferred from the reading passage? A. Indigenous communities have been completely eradicated all over the world. B. In the future, all extended families will be replaced by nuclear ones. C. Anthropology is a science concerning human race and its development. D. Couples with no children can't be defined as families. X. Use double comparative to complete these following sentences. 1. She is mature, she becomes beautiful. The more mature she is, the more beautiful she becomes. 2. He studies much, he becomes stupid. The more he studies, the more stupid he becomes. 3. He drinks much water, he becomes thirsty. The more water he drinks, the thirstier he becomes. 4. He is mature, he becomes intelligent. The more mature he is, the more intelligent he becomes. Page 167

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5. You speak English much, your English will be good. The more you speak English, the better your English will be. 6. People save much paper, much wood pulp is preserved. The more paper people save, the more wood pulp is preserved. 7. We make much paper, it becomes cheap. The paper we make, the cheaper it becomes. 8. Petrol becomes expensive, people drive little. The more expensive petrol becomes, the less people drive. 9. You make much money, you spend much. The more money you make, the more you spend. 10. You work hard, you will get good results. The harder you work, the better results you will get. 11. You learn with him much, you will know him well. The more I learn with him, the better you will know him. 12. Many people live in this city, they need many services. The more people live in this city, the more services they need. 13. You do much exercise, you are fit. The more exercise you do, the fitter you are. 14. He wrote much, his writing becomes good. The more he wrote, the better his writing becomes. 15. They use much wood pulp, they cut many trees. The more wood pulp they use, the more trees they cut. TEST 3

Unit 5. CULTURAL IDENTITY Part I. PHONETICS

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Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other 1. A. international

B. nation

C. national

D. nationality

2. A. language

B. massage

C. marriage

D. shortage

3. A. because

B. nurse

C. horse

D. purpose

4. A. cultures

B. customs

C. ideas

D. migrants

5. A. passed

three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

B. realized

C. touched

D. wished

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Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. 6. A. anthem

B. appear

C. attire

D. attend

B. unique

C. uniqueness

D. unite

B. diagnose

C. festival

D. scenery

9. A. diversity

B. endanger

C. geography

D. opposite

10. A. circumstance

B. considerate

C. community

D. identity

7. A. unify

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8. A. assimilate

Part II. VOCABULARY Page 168

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. maintaining divisions across differences. B. distinction

C . uniformity

D. variance

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A. assimilation

11. When it comes to diversity, language can be a bridge for building relationships, or a tool for creating and

12. The situation got out of hand when the festival organisers couldn't foresee that the mob would get angry because they were stopped from taking the offerings. A. hard to complete

B. difficult to control

C. impossible to find

D. unlikely to happen

13. A number of practices at local festivals have come under strong scrutiny in recent years. A. approval

B. attention

C. disapproval

D. examination

and bravery. A. heroism

B.justice

C. loyalty

14. Local people believe that the festival is an opportunity to teach younger generations about patriotism D. truth

A. caught

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15. A smiling Princess Anne was attired in an aqua-blue hat and matching jacket, with white top. B. grabbed

C. revealed

D. shown

preserve their own cultural identities. A. intimidating

B. delighting

16. This is especially important in the age of globalisation, where countries face a daunting challenge to C. encouraging

D. urging

17. The Indigenous experience, like with any form of belonging, is highly fluid and context-specific, meaning there are countless examples of what such cultural pluralities can look like. B. uncountable

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A. countable

C. too few to count

D. too many be counted

18. Steve Kootenay-Jobin, Aboriginal housing coordinator at Mount Royal University, notes that many Indigenous students who move to the city for education, encounter culture shock. A. avoid

B. confront

C. overcome

D. wipe out

19. Culture has been described as features that are shared and bind people together into a community. B. engage

A. divide

C. force

D. unite

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20. Once you have been accepted as a pupil or student at the school or college, it's against the law for them to discriminate against you because of your religion or belief. A. judge

B. neglect

C. misinterpret

D. expel

21. Changes in attitudes, family values, generational status can occur in both the majority and minority

cultures as the two interact; however, typically one culture dominates.

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A. normally

B. rarely

C. specially

D. uncommonly

22. Integration and assimilation can help reduce feelings of loss and grief as the migrant starts to incorporate aspects of the majority culture. Page 169

A. disadvantage

B. disapproval

C. discrimination

D. sadness

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined 23. They fear that with the enactment event taken off, the festival may fade away in obscurity. B. dimness

C. fuzziness

D. sharpness

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A. darkness

word(s) in each of the following questions.

24. Launched by the federations and foundations, Group's brands find local expression through the promotion of social solidarity and culture. A. division

B. identity

C. teamwork

D. unity

25. Many ethnic groups find it hard to maintain their own languages. A. continue

B. discontinue

C. preserve

D. speak

varying number of ethnic people stay together. A. continental

B. global

C. universal

26. The 21st century has witnessed the surprisingly increasing formation of multicultural societies where a D. worldwide

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27. The custom of worshiping ancestors is a beautiful, rich, and colorful and joyful tradition in Vietnamese culture. A. blaming

B. praying

C. honoring

D. respecting

A. annoying

B. offensive

28. He said he was only joking, but his comments were so close to the bone. C. personal

D. respectful

29. Hispanics are expected to abandon their heritage to live in the US. A. adopt

B. discard

C. drop out

D. withdraw

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30. For this reason, many immigrants flock to this country in search for new beginnings and better lives. A. crowd

B. gather

C. group

D. spread

31. Nothing valuable could come of a revival of the German martial spirit, better to leave it behind or bury it. A. awakening

B. destruction

C. improvement

D. population

32. Kootenay-Jobin says the cultural integration experience can be exacerbated by challenges such as racism

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and housing. A. increased

B. improved

C. provoked

D. worsen

33. Cultural changes in identity can be stressful and result in problems with self-esteem and mental health. A. anxiety

B. confidence

C. dissatisfaction

D. modesty

34. Post-migration stresses include culture shock and conflict, both of which may lead to a sense of cultural

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confusion, feelings of alienation and isolation, and depression. A. disconnection

B. loneliness

C. sympathy

D. unfriendliness

Page 170

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. has B

led to the death of several less popular languages. D 36. For conclusion, the death of local languages is an alarming development. A

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35. On a flip side, the world wide adoption of a couple of languages that have a large number of speakers

37. Over fifty thousand English words have been deriving from the Greek language.

38. It is important to understand the culture religion of the country that you are travelling to and a little research B

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A before you leave will help tremendous. D it A

have all died.

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39. Linguists aware that a language becoming extinct does not necessarily mean that the people who spoke C

40. It is our duty to critically examine the elements, which we must preserve, which will be maintained as our A

specific cultural identities, which we can be proud.

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41. Even today, Breton as well as several other minority language in France, and the rest of the world, are not

legally protected.

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42. Besides visiting ancient monuments and tombs, coming to Hue, you can also have a chance to bathe and A

lying under the sun on the most wildly beautiful beaches in Viet Nam. Page 171

43. Sometimes people learn the outsiders' language in addition to their own; this has happened in Greenland, A

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when Kalaallisut is learned alongside Danish.

44. By some estimates, 80 per cents of the world's languages may vanish within the next centuries. A

45. Many signed languages, including American Sign Language, have born within the last few centuries. A

the A

46. Minority communities, for instance, Aboriginal peoples, over 80% whose native languages will die with B

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current generation, account for most of the world's languages.

47. According to linguists, children can learn several languages well, as good as they know when to speak each B

A one.

48. According to me, I think if one is from the country with strong and old traditions, it will be rather difficult

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for him to adapt to the new customs and moreover to reject his own. C

49. Individuals define themselves by nationality, ethnic, language, clothing and food. A

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50. In forest worshiping, people worship the gods of trees and villagers sacrificed their lives to protect the village.

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

51. How long ____ Gerry?

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A. has you been knowing

B. has you know

C. have you been knowing

D. have you

known

52. How many times ____ New York? Page 172

A. has Charles been visiting

B. has Charles visited

C. have Charles been visiting

D. have Charles visited

53. She ____ French words for hours, but she still doesn't remember all of them. B. has been learnt

C. has learnt

D. have been learning

A. has been learning

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54. My father ____. A. has never smoked

B. have never smoked

C. has never been smoking

D. have never been smoking

55. Oh dear, the light ____ all night. A. has been burning

B. has burnt

C. has burned

D. have burning

56. We ____ Lisa recently. B. haven't seen

C. haven't been seeing

57. I ____ fifteen phone calls this morning. A. has been making

B. have been making

C. have been made

D. have

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made

D. haven't been seen

A. hasn't seen

58. ____ anything so strange in your life?

B. Have ever you been hearing

C. Have you ever heard

D. Have you ever heared

A. Have you ever been hearing 59. You're red in the face. ____ A. Has you ran?

B. Have you been runned?

C. Have you ran?

D. Have you been running?

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60. The sun ____ since this morning. A. has shining

B. has shined

C. has shone

D. has been shining

61. How long ____ the drums?

A. have you been playing played

B. you have played

C. have you playing

D. have you

62. The phone bill is enormous. You ____ your boyfriend in Australia, ____?

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A. have been called - have you C. have been calling - haven't you

B. have called - haven't you D. has called - hasn't you 63. He

63. He ____ on his essay all day, but he ____ yet. B. has writing - has not been finishing

C. have been written - have not finished

D. has written - has not been finishing

A. has been writing - has not finished

DẠ

64. John ____ for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until recently, he ____ his work, but now he is talking about retiring. A. has been working - has not enjoyed

B. has writing - has been finishing Page 173

C. has worked - has been enjoying

D. has worked - have enjoyed

65. Lately, I ____ about changing my career because I ____ dissatisfied with the conditions at my company. B. have been thinking - have been become

C. have thought - have become

D. have thought - have been becoming

A. have been thinking - have become

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66. My job gets ____ every year. A. harder and harder

B. harder and more harder

C. more harder and harder

D. more and more harder

67. She's getting over her operation. She feels ____. A. gooder and gooder

B. better and better

C. more better and better

D. more and more better

68. The market for tablets is becoming ____ all the time. A. competitiver and competitiver

B. more and more competitive

C. more competitiver and competitiver

D. more competitive and competitive

A. more worser and worser

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69. My dad's eyesight is getting ____. He can hardly see anything these days. B. more and more worse

C. worse and worse

D. worser and worser

A. messier and messier

70. It's time you tidied your room. It's getting ____.

B. more Messier and messier

C. more messy and messy

D. more and more messy

71. Visitors can ____ various types of “ao dai” costumes for free at the Ha Noi Global Cultural Center. B. put on

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A. dress up

C. try on

D. wear out

72. Charles Dickens was born in Portsmouth, Hampshire in 1812, but relocated to and ____ in Camden Town in London. A. came back

B. called away

C. grew up

D. left out

C. make

D. take

73. It's easy to ____ your parents for granted. B. have

A. get

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74. Every year several languages ____. Some people think that this is not important because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world. A. die away

B. die out

C. die off

D. die down

____

75. In all social systems, there is a minority group which is looked ____ by others in that culture and kept

DẠ

of mainstream society. A. back on – up

B. down on - out

C. out of – down

D. through - back

Page 174

76. Xoan singing is a vocal art of villages in the ancestral land of Phu Tho. It has been ____ for generations and the oral tradition is still very much alive today. A. handed down

B. landed on

C. passed by

D. taken over

"pull" factor for travelers from different countries.

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77. Geographical position has given India a chance to develop a ____ culture and this cultural ____ is a big A. unique – unique

B. unique - uniqueness

C. uniqueness – unique

D. uniqueness - uniqueness

78. Most companies show ____ against the obese. A. prejudice

B. prejudicing

C. prejudge

D. prejudging

79. Greek and Latin are the ____ sources of the international scientific vocabulary. B. predominance

C. predominated

A. predominant

D. predominating

80. Viet Nam's Hung Kings worshiping ____ in Phu Tho Province has become part of the world's intangible cultural heritage. B. ritualism

C. ritualistic

81. ____, but would you mind helping us on our essay?

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A. ritual

D. ritualizing

B. Sorry for bothering

C. Sorry for such a bother

D. Sorry for having bothered you

A. Sorry to bother you

82. Many parents afraid that their children are becoming less familiar ____ their traditions. A. to

B. from

C. for

D. against

83. Since moving to another country, some people decide to follow the customs of the new country, while

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____

prefer to keep their own customs. A. another

B. other

C. others

D. the other

84. The best way to preserve your culture is to keep it ____. A. alive

B. living

C. life

D. lively

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A. adapt

85. Culture helps people ____ to the world around them. B. change

C. alter

D. fit

86. A broad definition of ____ is when two separate items, each with different characteristics, come together and blend.

A. assimilation

B. diversity

C. preservation

D. urbanization

87. Many new immigrants have not yet assimilated fully ____ the new culture.

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A. into

B. with

C. in

D. by

88. Some people feel a strong ____ to keep their cultural identities. A. craving

B. pressure

C. urge

D. wish Page 175

89. The latest heritage at risk register revealed that 5,831 listed buildings, monuments, archaeological sites, and landscapes in England are at ____ of being lost. A. danger

B. edge

C. ease

D. risk

90. The objective is to promote the role of inhabitants and communities in the development of a modern A. against

B. by

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architecture imbued ____ national identity. C. for

D. with

Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. 91. Alex: “Thank you for taking the time to come here in person.”

Amy: “____” A. It's my pleasure.

B. I don't know what time that person comes.

C. I'd love to come. What time?

D. Do you have time for some gossip?

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92. Alex: “How have you been recently?” Amy: “____”

B. It's too late.

C. Pretty busy, I think.

D. No, I'll not be busy.

A. By bus, I think.

93. Jenny: “Thanks for the nice gift you bought to us!” Peter: “____”

B. Not at all, don't mention it.

C. Actually speaking, I myself don't like it.

D. Welcome! it's very nice of you.

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A. All right. Do you know how much it costs?

94. Jenny: “You must have found reading my essay very tiring.” Peter: “____ I enjoyed it." A. Not in the least. welcome.

B. Just in case.

C. At all costs.

D. You are

95. Jenny: “You are so patient with us.”

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Mrs. Green: “____”

A. I'm fine, thanks.

B. Thanks, that's nice of you to say so.

C. Thanks. Have a nice trip.

D. I know. I have trouble controlling my temper.

96. Tom: “Can I have another cup of tea?”

Mrs. Green: “____”

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A. Be yourself.

B. Do it yourself.

C. Help yourself.

D. Allow yourself.

97. Ken: “Where is your studying group going to meet next weekend?” Mark: “____” Page 176

A. We are too busy on weekdays.

B. The library could be best.

C. Why don't you look at the atlas?

D. Studying in a group is great fun!

Jane: “____” B. Well, that's very surprising.

C. There is no doubt about it.

D. Yes, it's an absorb idea.

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A. Of course not, you bet! 99. Kay: "I don't do that if I were you." Amy: "____”

B. It's out of question.

C. Wouldn't you? Why?

D. Would you, really?

Anna: “____”

A. I'd rather you didn't.

100. Jenny: “I think that some languages will no longer be spoken."

B. I'm afraid so.

C. I agree. It sounds nice.

D. Let's speak up.

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A. Don't you think so? 101. "It was very kind of you to help me out, Paul?” Paul: “____”

B. Thanks a million.

C. That was the least I could do.

A. I'm glad you like it.

98. John: "Do you think that people should protect their cultural identities in the age of globalization?”

D. You can say that again.

102. Amy: "Would you mind sending those flowers to Mrs. Brown?"" A. He wouldn't mind.

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Mark: “____”

B. I would if I were you.

C. No, I can handle it myself.

D. Sure, I'll do it now.

103. Mary: "I'll never do that again”. Linda: "Me ____.” A. do so

B. too

C. neither

D. either

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Rose: “____”

104. Jackson: "I get impatient when the teacher doesn't tell us the answer.” A. Yes, it's hard to think of the answer.

B. Yes, I wish she'd hurry up.

C. Yes, she would know the answer.

D. Yes, she speaks too quickly.

105. Jane: "Don't fail to send your parents my regards."

Ben: “____”

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A. You are welcome.

B. Good idea, thanks.

C. Thanks, I'll.

D. It's my

pleasure.

Part V. READING Page 177

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. Why is culture important and how does it answer the question "(106) ____ is cultural identity?"?

Culture is the underlying (107) ____ of traditions and beliefs that help a person (108) ____ to the

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world around them. It is the basis (109) ____ any superstitions they may have. It is the aversion to

(110) ____ types of meat, or which days you can work on. Culture gives us a definite starting point when beginning to (111) ____ for our roots. Knowing (112) ____ a person comes from will help to define how they look at their family obligations as (113) ____ as how they celebrate important milestones in life.

As a person has given up their cultural identity, they (114) ____ can identify themselves with the

things that were (115) ____ the most important things in their lives. They lose direction. As time (116) ____ by and they continue to forget about their past and their natural traditions, their identity becomes less and less (117) ____. B. Which

C. Why

D. What

107. A. institution

B. foundation

C. organization

D. principle

108. A. relate

B. relating

C. related

D. to relate

109. A. in

B. for

C. of

D. to

110. A. especial

B. special

C. specific

D. typical

111. A. find

B. look

C. search

D. seek

112. A. by which

B. how

C. when

D. where

113. A. long

B. much

C. soon

D. well

114. A. any longer

B. any more

C. no longer

D. no more

115. A. at once

B. once

C. one time

D. for once

116. A. goes

B. flies

C. passes

D. walks

117. A. pronouncing

B. pronounce

C. pronounced

D. been pronouncing

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106. A. How

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to

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each of the questions.

Modern life is characterized not only by the conveniences made possible by technological advances but also by greater mobility in search of still greater opportunities. These major life changes, however, expose individuals to many novelties in a new culture, which are the causes of culture

shock. Culture shock is a process through which most people who enter a new culture pass through

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before they adjust to life in their new environment. Culture shock begins with the honeymoon stage”. This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. Unfortunately, the second stage Page 178

"rejection stage" can be quite dangerous because the visitor may develop unhealthy habits (smoking and drinking). This can lead to the person getting sick or developing skin infections or rashes, which then makes the person feel even more scared and confused and helpless. This stage is considered a

crisis in the process of cultural adjustment and many people choose to go back to their homeland or

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spend all their time with people from their own culture speaking their native language. The third

stage of culture shock is called the "adjustment stage”. This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. You are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last”. Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. The last stage of culture

shock, which many people don't know about, is called "reverse culture shock”. Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a

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struggle!

118. Which sentence best explains the main idea of paragraph 1?

A. Culture shock, experienced by people living in a new culture, consists of five basic stages.

B. People immigrate to other countries in search of better opportunities. C. Modern life is characterized by many technological advances and greater mobility. D. These major life changes are the causes of culture shock. 119. It is stated that the "honeymoon stage” ____.

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A. is involved in developing healthy habits

B. is exciting with the new sights, sounds, language and foods C. is the initial period of culture shock

D. got its name because everything is new and exciting for the newcomer 120. In paragraph 1, the word novelties probably means ____. B. things which are difficult to deal with

C. things which have to do with novels

D. things which are very young or recent in age

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A. things which are new or unusual 121. In paragraph 2, the word host probably means ____. A. the dominant country

B. the largest country

C. the newcomer's native country

D. the receiving country

122. Which of the following is NOT true according the passage?

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A. At forth stage, newcomers have overcome all problems in the new culture. B. Immigrants may suffer from "reverse culture shock” when going back to native culture.

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C. New arrivals in the second stage, "reject” the new culture by returning to their country or binding even more with other people from their culture. D. The "rejection stage” is the most difficult stage in the process of cultural adjustment.

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to

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each of the questions.

In the Native American Navajo nation which sprawls across four states in the American south-west, the native language is dying. Most of its speakers are middle-age or elderly. Although many students take classes in Navajo, the schools are run in English. Street sign, supermarket goods and even their own newspaper are all in English. Not surprisingly, linguists doubt that any native speakers of Navajo will remain in a hundred years' time.

Navajo is far from alone. Half the world's 6,800 languages are likely to vanish within two

generations - that's one language lost every ten days. Never before has the planet's linguistic diversity shrunk at such a pace. Isolation breeds linguistic diversity as a result, the world is

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peppered with languages spoken by only a few people. Only 250 languages have more than a million speakers, and at least 3,000 have fewer than 2,500. It is not necessarily these small languages that are about to disappear. Navajo is considered endangered despite having 150,000 speakers.

What makes a language endangered is not that the number of speakers, but how old they are. If it is spoken by children it is relatively safe. The critically endangered languages are those that are only spoken by the elderly, according to Michael Krauss, director of the Alaska Native Language Center, in Fairbanks.

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Why do people reject the language of their parent? It begins with a crisis of confidence, when a small community finds itself alongside a larger, wealthier society, says Nicholas Ostler of Britain's Foundation for Endangered Languages, in Bath. “People lose faith in their culture” he says. "When the next generation reaches their teens, they might not want to be induced into the old tradition.” The change is not always voluntary. Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by

banning its use in public or discouraging its use in school, all to promote national unity. The former

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US policy of running Indian reservation in English, for example, effectively put languages such as Navajo on the danger list. But Salikoko Mufwene, who chairs the Linguistics Department at the University of Chicago, argues that the deadliest weapon is not government policy but economic globalisation. "Native Americans have not lost pride in their language, but they have had to adapt to

socio-economic pressures" he says. “They cannot refuse to speak English if most commercial

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activity is in English." However, a growing interest in cultural identity may prevent the direct predictions from coming true.

‘The key to fostering diversity is for people to learn their ancestral tongue, as well as the dominant Page 180

language' says Doug Whalen, founder and president of the Endangered Language Fund in New Haven, Connecticut. “Most of these will ive without a large degree of bilingualism” he says. B. about 6,800

C. at least 3,000

D. fewer than 2,500

124. The word peppered in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____.

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A. about 3,200

123. It is stated in the passage that the number of endangered languages is ____.

A. randomly separated

B. slowly attacked

C. sparsely distributed

D. unintentionally controlled

125. According to the passage, endangered languages cannot be saved unless people ____. A. avoid speaking their dominant language

B. grow interest in cultural identities

C. know more than one language

D. write in their mother tongue

A. Doug Whalen

126. Who thinks that a change of language may mean a loss of traditional culture? B. Michael Krauss

C. Nicholas Ostler

127. The word these in paragraph 5 refers to ____. A. ancestral tongue

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Mufwene

D. Salikoko

B. dominant language

C. growing interest in cultural identity

D. the key to fostering diversity

A. it currently has too few speakers

128. Navajo language is considered being endangered language because ____. B. it is spoken by too many elderly and middle-aged speakers C. it was banned in publicity by the former US policy

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D. many young people refuse to learn to speak it 129. Which statement is NOT supported by the information in the passage? A. A large number of native speakers fail to guarantee the survival of a language. B. National governments could do more to protect endangered languages. C. The loss of linguistic diversity is inevitable.

D. Young people often reject the established way of life in their community.

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130. What is the main idea of this passage? A. To describe how diverse languages are in the past. B. To explain the importance of persevering endangered languages. C. To explain why more and more languages disappear.

D. To point out that many languages being in danger of extinction.

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Part VI. WRITING Exercise 11 Mark the letter A, B, C. or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. Page 181

131. It is hard for linguists to draw the line between languages and dialects. A. Linguists find hard to draw the line between languages and dialects. C. Linguists find it hard to draw the line between languages and dialects.

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D. Linguists find it is hard to draw the line between languages and dialects.

B. Linguists find it hard drawing the line between languages and dialects.

132. Cultural changes have never been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization.

A. Never before cultural changes have been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization. B. Never before cultural have changes been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization. C. Never before have been cultural changes as accelerated as they are now during the globalization. D. Never before have cultural changes been as accelerated as they are now during the globalization.

133. Many immigrants do not want their children to suffer from not speaking dominant language well, as they did.

A. Many immigrants do not want their children to speak dominant language as worse as they did.

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B. Many immigrants want their children to speak dominant language better than they did. C. Many immigrants want their children to speak dominant language as well as they did. D. Many immigrants want to speak dominant language as well as their children can.

134. I think childhood is the best time to learn languages well.

A. According to my opinion, children are the best to learn languages well. B. In my opinion, there is no time that is better than childhood to learn languages well. C. My opinion is that we can learn languages well only in our childhood.

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D. To me, there is no time that is as good as childhood to learn languages well. 135. People often mistakenly think that children can learn to speak only one language well. A. Children are often believed to be able to speak only one language well and it's true. B. It is often believed that children cannot learn to speak several languages. C. It is not true that children can learn to speak only one language well.

D. It is normal to believe that children can learn to speak only one language well.

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136. There are over fifty ethnic groups but we all use Vietnamese as the official language. A. Although there are over fifty ethnic groups, we all use Vietnamese as the official language. B. Despite there are over fifty ethnic groups, we all use Vietnamese as the official language. C. However, there are over fifty ethnic groups, we all use Vietnamese as the official language.

D. In spite of using Vietnamese as the official language, there are over fifty ethnic groups.

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137. There's no point in preventing people from shifting to a different language. A. It is possible to prevent people from shifting to a different language. B. It's useless to prevent people from shifting to a different language. Page 182

C. People will be prevented from shifting to a different language though it's hard. D. No one wants to prevent people from shifting to a different language. A. People are able to experience and share their cultures through languages. C. People must experience and share their cultures by languages.

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B. People are not allowed to experience and share their cultures without languages.

138. Languages allow people to experience and share their cultures.

D. People cannot experience and share their cultures without languages.

139. Preserving cultural identities in international world is a matter of great dispute.

A. It is a great dispute as cultural identities should be preserved in international.

B. No matter how great dispute is, cultural identities should be preserved in international.

C. That the dispute of preserving cultural identities in international world is a great matter.

D. The fact that cultural identities should be preserved in international world is a matter of great dispute.

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Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. expert willing to explain their significance.

140. Sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide. Young people find an A. Although sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, young people are forced to find an expert willing to explain their significance. B. Because sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, so young

QU Y

people are willing to find an expert to explain their significance. C. For sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, young people might find an expert willing to explain their significance. D. Since sacred texts and ceremonies can seem confusing with no one there to guide, young people are supposed to find an expert willing to explain their significance.

141. Culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family are different. Vocal guidelines and acting in

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daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer. A. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer despite of different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family. B. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience powledge

transfer regardless of different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family.

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C. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer due to different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family.

Page 183

D. Vocal guidelines and acting in daily activities are the ways of the life experience knowledge transfer although different culture, language, facilities or economy level of the family. 142. We can't deny the potential influences of global communications on our cultural identity, as it will

become even more powerful.

FI CI A

A. It can be undeniable that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity.

B. It cannot deny that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity.

C. It cannot be denied that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity.

D. It hardly deny that global communications will become even more powerful in potentially influencing our cultural identity.

143. We accept that changes are unavoidable. We will not allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or

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forgotten.

A. Accepting that changes are unavoidable does not mean that we will allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten.

B. Despite accepting that changes are unavoidable, but we will not allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten.

C. Rather than accepting that changes are unavoidable we will allow everything to be wiped out, destroyed or forgotten. destroyed or forgotten.

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D. We accept that changes are unavoidable, as we will not allow everything to be wiped out, 144. People have given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture. They begin to lose their sense of self.

A. If people have not given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native

culture, they will not lose their sense of self.

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B. Giving up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture means that people totally lose their sense of self. C. Once people have given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native culture, they are about to lose their sense of self.

D. Whenever people have given up their heritage, traditional beliefs and other aspects of their native

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culture, they are supposed to lose their sense of self.

145. Thousands of languages are at risk of extinction. You know one of them, then teach it to others.

Page 184

A. As long as you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, then teach it to others. B. If you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, teach it to others.

C. For you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, teach it to others.

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D. Whenever you know one of thousands of languages that are at risk of extinction, then teach it to others.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Unit 6. ENDANGERED SPECIES

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A. VOCABULARY • biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): đadạng sinh học • conservation /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn/ (n): sự bảo tồn conservation status /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃn ˈsteɪtəs/: tình trạng bảo tồn • endangered species /ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd ˈspiːʃiːz/: chủng loài có nguy cơ bị tuyệt chủng • evolution /ˌiːvəˈluːʃn/ (n): sự tiến hóa • extinct /ɪkˈstɪŋkt/ (a): tuyệt chủng extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n): sự tuyệt chủng • habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ (n): môi trường sống • poach /pəʊtʃ/ (v): săn trộm • rhino / rhinoceros /raɪˈnɒsərəs/ (n): hà mã • sea turtle /siː ˈtɜːtl/ (n): con rùa biển • survive /səˈvaɪv/ (v): sống sót survival /səˈvaɪvl/ (n): sự sống sót • trade /treɪd/ (n): mua bán • vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ (a): dễ bị tổn thương, dễ gặp nguy hiểm GRAMMAR GRAMMAR I. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE (TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH) 1. Form (Cấu trúc) Affirmative (Khẳng định) Negative (Phủ định) Interrogative (Nghi vấn) S + will + have + PP ... S + will + not + have + PP... Will + S + have + PP...? Will he have finished his He will have finished his He won't have finished his homework before his mother homework before his mother homework before his mother comes home? comes home. comes home.

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E.g:

2. Use (Cách dùng) - Thì tương lai hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ được hoàn tất trước 1 thời điểm nào đó trong tương lai (be finished by a certain time in the future) We will have finished this house by the end of this year. (Chúng tôi sẽ hoàn thành ngôi nhà này trước khi hết năm nay.) Do you think you will have finished the report by next Monday? Page 185

I will have done the housework before you come here. Lưu ý: - By = not later than a particular time

E.g: When I finish/ have finished my homework, I will play soccer with you.

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- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành hoặc thì hiện tại đơn được sử dụng để diễn tả sự hoàn tất của hành động sau một số liên từ thời gian như: as soon as (ngay khi), after, before, when; không dùng thì tương lai hoàn thành trong trường hợp này.

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■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Fill in the verbs in brackets in Future Perfect. 1. When you arrive I _______ the job. (start) 2. They _______ dinner by the time we get there, (have) 3. A few centuries from now wars, I hope, _______ a thing of the past, (become) 4. "Different" species _______ by 2050, scientists claim, (evolve) 5. You _______ a lot of your work by the end of this month, (do) 6. By November all the leaves _______. (fall) 7. If he doesn't hurry, they _______ before he comes, (leave) 8. I am sure that tomorrow you _______ all these rules, (forget) 9. Be quick! The child _______ before you rescue it. (drown) 10. She _______ old before she learns the use of prepositions, (grow) 11. The airman _______ more than a thousand miles, before the end of this month, (fly) 12. If you ring me up after nine o'clock, I _______ to the doctor, (speak) 13. We _______ twenty miles more before we cross the frontier, (travel) 14. Next year we _______ together for ten years, (be) 15. lam sure they _______ the new road before April, (complete)

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Bài 2: Choose the best answer in brackets. 1. Don't worry. By the time you arrive I _______ up the whole house, (will tidy/ will have tidied) 2. By this time next year I hope that I _______ a good job. (will find/ will have found) 3. Do you you know that Sarah _______ on holiday next month? (will have gone/ will go) 4. The atmosphere in the city is amazing. I think I _______ for Christmas, (will have stayed/ will stay) 5. You want to spend ten years in Europe. By that time you _______ every major city then. (will have visited/will visit) 6. There _______ some changes when the new management takes over, (will be/ will have been) 7. By the time the new policy comes into effect I'm sure there _______ some changes made, (will have been/ will be) 8. I think that before I graduate I _______ a few exams, (will have taken/will take)

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II. DOUBLE COMPARATIVES (SO SÁNH KÉP) So sánh kép diễn tả mối tương quan nguyên nhân - hệ quả: nửa đầu thể hiện nguyên nhân, nửa sau thể hiện kết quả. 1. Tính từ/ Trạng từ Form: The + comparative adj/ adv + S + V, the + comparative adj/ adv + S + V Page 186

FI CI A

E.g:

E.g: The harder you are, the better your results are. (Bạn càng chăm chỉ thì kết quả càng tốt) The more she eats, the fatter she becomes. (Cô ta ăn càng nhiều thì càng béo.) 2. Danh từ Form: The more/ less + (N) + S + V, the more/ less + (N) S + V

The more you give, the more you will receive. (Bạn càng cho đi thì bạn sẽ càng nhận được nhiều.)

■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 3: Complete the sentences with the words from the box. colder

longer

sooner

faster

harder

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1. The _______ you worry about it, the less you'll sleep. 2. The _______ you work, the more mistakes you'll make. 3. The _______ we start, the sooner we'll finish. 4. The _______ you work, the more chance you have of promotion. 5. The _______ it is, the harder it is to get out of bed in the morning. 6. The _______ you stay, the harder it will be to leave.

The more money she makes, the less free time she has. (Cô ấy càng kiếm được nhiều tiền thì càng có ít thời gian rảnh.) Note: Không dùng thì tiếp diễn trong so sánh kép.

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Bài 4: Choose the best answer. 1. _______, the more serious the problems become. A. The less it is rain B. The more raining it is C. The more it rains 2. The older he gets, _______ friends he has. A. the less B. the more C. the fewer 3. The more you pay, _______ the quality is. A. the better B. the more good C. the better 4. _______ mistakes you make, the better your mark is. A. The more B. The fewer C. The less 5. The more I work, _______ time I spend with my family. A. the fewer B. the less C. the more 6. _______ (Have you been reading /Have you read) any of Alan Bennett's work? A. the worse B. the more C. the fewer 7. _______ candidates there were, the more difficult the exam was. A. The less B. The fewer C. The more 8. _______ you drive, the more petrol the car uses. A. The less B. The faster C. The more fast 9. _______ she got, the nicer her children became to her. A. The more old B. The more older C. The older 10. _______ I waited, the more furious I got. Page 187

A. The longer

B. The fewer

C. The better

less

loud

happy

hot

merry

probable

late

better

safe

fast

rich

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better

Bài 5: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words below.

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big hard 1. The _______ you study for these exams, the _______ you will do. 2. My neighbour is driving me mad! It seems that the _______ it is at night, the _______ she plays her music! 3. He spent a year in Hue City and loves spicy food. The _______ the food is, the _______ he likes it. 5. Of course you can come to the party. The _______ the _______. 6. She will be really angry about that vase being broken! The _______ she knows about it, the _______. 7. He has four large dogs to protect his house. The _______ the dog, the _______ he feels. 8. Earning money has always been the thing that pleases him most. The _______ he becomes, the _______ he is. 9. You must drive slower in built up areas. The _______ you drive in the city, the _______ it is that you will have an accident.

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Bài 6: Rewrite the sentences using double comparatives. 1. The food I like best is spicy food.  _______ the food is, _______ Hike it. 2. I like the lessons more if there are few students.  _______ students there are, _______ I like the lessons. 3. If I read a lot, I learn a lot.  _______ I read, _______. 4. If I speak well, I’ll have more opportunities.  _______ I speak, _______ opportunities I'll have. 5. If I walk for a long time, I can get further.  _______ I walk, _______ I can get. 6. Older people become wiser.  _______ people are, _______. 7. If you save more money, you can buy a new car soon.  _______ you save, _______ you can buy a car. 8. If you give a lot you will receive more.  _______, _______ you will receive. 9. If I work a lot, I have little time.

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Bài 7: Use double comparatives to complete the following sentences. 1. It is hot. I feel miserable.  The _____________________ 2. He is old. He is bad-temper.  The _____________________ 3. She worked hard, so she felt very bad.  The _____________________ 4. As this road gets busier, it becomes more and more dangerous.  The _____________________ 5. When you get near to the Equator, the temperature becomes high.  The _____________________ 6. If you make much money, you spend much.  The _____________________ 7. If you work hard, you will get good results.  The _____________________ 8. You learn with him much. You will know him well.  The _____________________ 9. They use much wood pulp, so they cut many trees.  The _____________________ 10. She eats a lot, so she becomes fat.  The _____________________

 _______ I work, _______ I have. 10. If there's a lot of unemployment, the situation gets worse.  _______ there is, _______ gets.

■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 8: Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following sentences. 1. Efforts are (A) done in the hope (B) of preserving all (C) species and maintaining (D) the ecological balance. 2. Sea (A) turtles have lived in the (B) world's oceans (C) for more than 100 (D) millions years.

3. Many animal (A) species are becoming (B) endangered or even (C) extinction due to (D) habitat destruction.

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4. Many nations (A) protect endangered species (B) by forbidding hunting, (C) to restrict land development (D) and creating preserves. 5. Over forty (A) percents of the(B) world's species are (C) estimated to be at (D) risk of extinction.

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Bài 9: Put the verbs into the correct form (future perfect or future continuous). 1. _______ (you / retire) by the time you're 60? 2. This time next year, I_______ (study) Maths at university. 3. Hurry up! The film_______ (start) soon. 4. There won't be anyone in the office. Everyone_______ (go) home. Page 189

5. Susan_______ (not work) at 8 o'clock next week. She'll be on holiday! 6. I'm only halfway through my homework. I_______ (not finish) it before the teacher arrives. 7. Do you think that Mike_______ (fix) the car by tomorrow? 8. Don't phone me before 8 o'clock, we_______ (have) dinner.

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Bài 10: Put the verbs into the correct form (future perfect or future simple). 1. Nam: Do you think everything will be finished when I get back from the office? Hoa: Don't worry. By the time you get back, I (pick) _______ up the living room and (finish) _______ washing the dishes. Everything will be OK when your parents arrive. Nam: I hope so. They (arrive) _______ around 6 o'clock. 2. Huy: I just have two courses before I graduate from university. By this time next year, I (graduate) _______, and I will already be looking for a job. Hung: Does that scare you? Are you worried about the future? Huy: Not really. I am going to a career counselor and get some advice on how to find a good job. Hung: That's a good idea. Huy: I am also going to do an internship so that when I leave school, I (complete, not only) _______ business courses, but I (work, also) _______ in the real world. 3. Mai: How long have you been in Ha Long Bay? Lan: I have only been here for a couple of weeks. Mai: How long do you plan on staying? Lan: I love Ha Long Bay, so I am going to stay here for an extended period of time. When Igo back home, I (be) _______ here for more than one month. Mai: Wow, that's quite a vacation! You (see, definitely) _______ just about everything there is to see in Ha Long by then. 4. Susan: I can't believe how late we are! By the time we get here to have dinner, everyone (finish, already) _______ eating. Tim: It's your own fault. You took way too long in the bathroom. Susan: I couldn't get my hair to look right. Tim: Who cares? By the time we get there, everyone (left) _______. Nobody (see, even) _______ your hair.

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Bài 11: Complete the sentences with suitable words. 1. Bill's tablet is very similar to his son's tablet.  Bill's tablet is nearly the same _______ his son's tablet. 2. A smartphone is Sarah's favourite possession.  Sarah likes her smartphone more _______ any of her other possessions. 3. Gmail accounts are generally better than other email services.  Other email services are generally not as _______ gmail accounts. 4. The Italian restaurant is cheaper than the Greek restaurant.  I The Italian restaurant costs _______ than the Greek restaurant. 5. He prefers playing soccer to playing rugby. Page 190

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Bài 1: Fill in the verbs in brackets in Future Perfect.

 He likes playing soccer _______ playing rugby. 6. No other cathedral is as old as Chartre in France.  Chartre is _______ any other cathedral in France. 7. I like working with other people more than on my own.  I _______ working with other people to working on my own. 8. She found English easier to learn than she had expected.  It wasn't _______ to learn English as she had expected. 9. Skiing is not as interesting as skateboarding.  Skiing is _______ interesting than skateboarding. 10. Table tennis is Nick's favourite sport.  Nick likes table tennis _______ any other sport. KEY BÀI TẬP CƠ BẢN 1. will have started

6. will have fallen

2. will have had

7. will have left

3. will have become

8. will have forgotten

4. will have evolved

9. will have drowned

14. will have been

5. will have done

10. will have grown

15. will have completed

1. will have tidied

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12. will have spoken

13. will have travelled

Bài 2: Choose the best answer in brackets.

11. will have flown

5. will have visited

2. will have found

6. will be

7. will have been

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3. will go 4. will stay

8. will have taken

Bài 3: Complete the sentences with the words from the box. 1. more

6. harder

2. faster

7. colder

3. sooner

8. longer

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Bài 4: Choose the best answer.

6. B. the more

2. C. the fewer

7. C. The more

3. A. the better

8. B. The faster

4. B. The fewer

9. C. The older

5. B. the less

10. A. The longer

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1. C. The more it rains

Bài 5: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words below. 1. harder-better Page 191

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3. later- louder 4. hotter- more 5. more -merrier 6. less- better 7. bigger- safer 8. richer- happier 9. faster- more probable Bài 6: Rewrite the sentences using double comparatives. 1. The spicier... the more 2. The fewer... the more 3. The more... the more I learn 4. The better... the more 5. The longer... the further 6. The older... the wiser they become 7. The more money... the sooner 8. The more you give... the more 9. The more... the less time 10. The more unemployment... the worse the situation

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Bài 7: Use double comparatives to complete the following sentences. 1. The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel. 2. The older he got, the more bad-temper he became. 3. The harder she worked, the worse she felt. 4. The busier this road gets, the more dangerous it becomes. 5. The nearer you get to the equator, the higher the temperature becomes. 6. The more money you make, the more you spend. 7. The harder you work, the better results you will get. 8. The more I learn with him, the better you will know him. 9. The more wood pulp they use, the more trees they cut. 10. The more she eats, the fatter she becomes.

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Bài 8: Choose the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following sentences. 1. A (done  made) - make efforts: nỗ lực 2. D (millions  million) 3. C (extinction  extinct) 4. C (to restrict  restricting) 5. A (percents  percent)

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Bài 9: Put the verbs into the correct form (future perfect or future continuous). 1. Will you have retired

5. won't be working

2. will be studying

6. won't have finished Page 192

7. will have fixed

4. will have gone

8. will be having

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Bài 10: Put the verbs into the correct form (future perfect or future simple). 1. will have picked - will have finished - will arrive 2. will have graduated- will not only have completed- will also have worked 3. will have been- will definitely have seen 4. will have already finished - will have left - will even see

2. than

7. prefer

3. good as

8. as difficult

4. less

9. less

5. more than TEST

10. more than

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6. older than

Bài 11: Complete the sentences with suitable words. 1. as

3. will be starting

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A. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. commercial B. habitat C. approach D. impressive 2. A. descend B. explore C. profession D. altitude 3. A. curriculum B. parabolic C. ecology D. authority 4. A. astronomic B. emergency C. experiment D. collaborate 5. A. biodiversity B. evolutionary C. ecologically D. biologically 6. A. simulated B. environment C. missionary D. spacewalk 7. A. observatory B. historical C. activity D. vulnerable 8. A. endangered B. surface C. survival D. extinction 9. A. discovery B. survival C. vulnerable D. traditional 10. A. deforestation B. conservationist C. trainee D. biological II. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. teach B. dead C. reach D. team 2. A. campaign B. horn C. rhino D. extinct 3. A. call B. curtain C. contain D. city 4. A. enclosure B. conservation C. species D. nest 5. A. your B. four C. court D. hour 6. A. nesting B. shellfish C. reserve D. elephant 7. A. door B. mood C. shoot D. hood 8. A. endangered B. evolution C. extinct D. extinguish 9. A. sun B. sure C. seen D. sort 10. A. habitat B. dragon C. mammal D. danger B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Put the verb in the future perfect tense. 1. We (not/eat) ____will not have eaten____ before we come, so we'll be hungry. 2. _____Will____ (we/arrive) _____have arrived_____ by the time it gets dark? 3. He (not/complete) ___ will not have completed___ the project by July. Page 193

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4. I (not/finish) ___ will not have finished____ the essay by the weekend. 5. Why (she/finish) ___will she have finished_____ the cleaning by six? 6. They (not/go) ____will not have gone____ by 9 tomorrow. 7. By this time next year we (marry) _____will have married_____ for 30 years. 8. If all goes well, by June 2012 I (finish) ___will (shall) have finished___ my university degree. 9. ____Will______ she (get) ____have got_____ her passport by then? 10. By the time I start my shift, Dr. Frazier (wait) ____will have waited_____ for 18 hours straight. II. The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits suitably in the blank. 1. We now realize that it is important to maintain the planet's _____biodiversity___, which is the richness of animal and plant life. DIVERSITY 2. A ____habitat____ is any natural region where wildlife lives undisturbed, for example, forests, ponds, marshes or deserts. HABITION 3. Take ____conservation____ actions in your community. CONSERVE 4. Officials said there were no _____survivor_____ of the plane crash. SURVIVE 5. Logging, oil and gas drilling, over-grazing and development all result in habitat __destruction__. DESTROY 6. The more species disappear, the more entire-systems become ____vulnerable___. VULNERABLY 7. ____poachers____ are killing rhinos because of their horns. POACHING 8. Although conservation groups are working to ____protect_____ wildlife, natural habitats are still being destroyed. PROTECTION 9. Due to poaching and civil war, the ___population____ of gorillas drops sharply. POPULAR 10. The dodo very quickly declined in numbers, and it was ____extinct_____ by 1681. EXTINCTION III. Complete the sentences with the words from the box. Use each word once only. dangerous conservationists survivors vulnerably extinction survival biodiversity poaching endangered extinct 1. His condition left him ____ vulnerably _____ exposed to the slightest cold or cough. 2. People all over the world are working to help save endangered animals from ____ extinction ____. 3. Floods and drought are both _____ dangerous ____ to humans and crops. 4. ____ conservationists _____ are calling for additional measures with a focus on more effective management of the habitat. 5. The government is sending help to the ____ survivors ____ of the earthquake. 6. By losing ____ biodiversity ____, we are losing the chance to discover new medicines that could end the suffering of millions of people. 7. Do not purchase illegal products that come from ____ endangered ___ species. 8. Since 1600 about 500 species of animals have become _____ extinct _____. 9. Gorilla and chimpanzee populations in Central Africa continue to decline due to ___ poaching _____, habitat loss and disease. 10. To ensure the _____ survival _____ of the world's animals, we must learn how to keep 'sustainable populations' alive for the animals to _____ survival _____ survive _______ survival _____ on their own. IV. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences. 1. The movie was (interesting) ____more interesting ____ than the one on TV. 2. We've got (little) _____less______ time than I thought. 3. This shirt is too small. I need a (large) ____larger_____ one. 4. Lan is (clever) _____cleverer_____ and (pretty) _____prettier_____ than Lien. 5. She is (nice) _____nicer______ than I expected. Page 194

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6. This was the (big) ___biggest____ farm I've ever visited. 7. Who between the two workers is the (good) ____better_____? 8. This old machine is (powerful) ______more powerful ______ than we thought. 9. The farmers have never had a (rich) ____richer______ harvest than that. 10. Which is (difficult) ____more difficult _____ English or Math? 11. It is the (expensive) ____most expensive ____ of the two cars. 12. Which is the (expensive) ____more expensive _____ of these two coats? V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Hundreds of thousands of elephants were illegally poached and their tusks sold for profits. A. conserved B. preserved C. captured D. hunted 2. When the forest disappears, so too will Indonesia's rich biological diversity be effected and disappear forever. A. variety B. direction C. similarity D. closeness 3. The saola is also indirectly threatened by insufficient attention to and investment in its conservation. A. protest B. protection C. production D. induction A Baby sea turtles are the most vulnerable when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea. A. well-protected B. immune C. susceptible D. shielded 5. The number of amphibians on our planet is declining rapidly in both local mass extinction and population crashes. A. reservation B. protection C. threat D. disappearance 6. Saving endangered species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of our children. A. resistant B. dangerous C. threatened D. preserved 7. The domestic dog is thought to have evolved from the wolf. A. resolved B. involved C. revolted D. developed 8. The main threat to the survival of these creatures come from heir loss of habitat. A. usual behaviour B. favourite activity C. place of living D. rituals 9. They are too rare and valuable a bird to be hawked about with the rest of your menagerie. A. in small numbers B. real C. half-cock D. not done properly 10. He looks after the land as a private reserve for wildlife habitat, running marsupials and their predators instead of cows. A. money reserve B. booking reservation C. a protected area D. an emergency fund VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Dinosaurs were unable to survive severe ice age weather conditions. A. remain alive B. persist C. get through D. lose their lives 2. At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage that his company has caused to the environment. A. benefit B. destruction C. devastation D. extinction 3. Severe weather conditions can also reduce population numbers because animals tend to have fewer offspring. A. alarming B. grave C. dreadful D. mild 4. The dunes harbor a number of freshwater lakes abundant in wildlife. A. plentiful B. lavish C. bountiful D. scarce 5. All visitors are kept out of the conservation area. Page 195

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A. prevented from entering B. prevented from destroying C. allowed to enter D. allowed to take photos 6. It is predicted that the natural resources will run out by the end of the century. A. come in B. run short C. run away D. remain intact 7. It is urgent that these governments work out a solution to the problem that they are all facing. A. keep secret B. find C. share D. arrive at 8. In order to protect endangered species, it is important that all people join in. A. participate B. leave C. take part D. enjoy 9. Many people decided to give up eating meat and become vegetarians. A. cut up B. put up C. continue D. use up 10. Let's clear up this rubbish and put it in the bin. A. mess up B. clear away C. tidy D. clean off VII. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences. 1. ____ is a branch of Natural Science, and is the study of living organisms and how they interact with their environment A. Biology B. Biological C. Biologist D. Biologically 2. A/ an ____ species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming extinct. A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangered D. endangerment 3. Besides, several programmes should be ____ that spreads the world of the conservation of the elephants in the public. A. told B. used C. operated D. introduced 4. Cheetah's tail is ____ during fast running, because it balances the animal and allows fast and sudden turns which happen often when the prey tries to escape. A. essential B. basic C. adequate D. sufficient 5. People should be told about the things that threaten the safety of ____ so that they can avoid doing them. A. the wild B. wildness C. wild life D. wildlife 6. Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile soil for agriculture. A. destruction B. contamination C. fertilizer D. variety 7. The more you talk about the situation, ____. A. it seems worse B. the worse it seems C. the worse does it seem D. it seems the worse 8. ____ the Sun is, ____ the shadow is. A. The higher / the low B. The more high/ the more low C. The higher / the lower D. The more higher / the more lower 9. Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is taken. A. vanishing B. damaging C. polluting D. destroying 10. By December next year, we ____ in this house for twenty years. A. will have lived B. have lived C. will live D. had live 11. ____ it is, ____ miserable I feel. A. The hotter / more B. The hotter / the more C. The more hotter / the more D. The more hot / the more 12. The saola is also indirectly threatened by insufficient ____ to and investment in its conservation. A. interest B. attention C. care D. treatment 13. The better the weather is, ____. A. the beaches get the more crowded B. the beaches get the most crowded C. the most crowded the beaches get D. the more crowded the beaches get Page 196

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14. Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife. A. organization B. contamination C. protection D. damage 15. Species become extinct or endangered for ____ number of reasons, but ____ primary cause is the destruction of habitat by human activities. A. Ø/ a B. a/ the C. the/ a D. Ø/ Ø 16. I think I ____ my door key. I can't find it anywhere. A. will have lost B. am losing C. have lost D. will lose 17. Only a few of the many species at risk of extinction actually make it to the lists and obtain legal ____. A. protect B. protection C. protective D. protector 18. Probability of extinction depends ____ both the population size and fine details of the population demography. A. on B. in C. from D. for 19. Many modern medicines are derived ____ plants and animals. A. on B. for C. from D. in 20. Toxic chemicals from factories are one of the serious factors that leads wildlife to the ____ of extinction. A. wall B. fence C. verge D. bridge 21. Saving ____ species from becoming extinct is crucial for our health and the future of our children. A. dangerous B. endanger C. endangering D. endangered 22. The more she practices, ____ she becomes. A. the greater confidence B. more confidently C. the more confident D. the most confident 23. The older you are, ____. A. the more you may become worried B. the more worried you may become C. the more worry you may become D. you may become more worried 24. Mr. Edwards ____ history for 35 years, and is retiring soon. A. teaches B. will have taught C. taught D. has been teaching 25. It is high time we had to ____ some measures to protect endangered animals. A. take B. bring C. hold D. use 26. Many ____ groups now support putting a value on ecosystems. A. conserve B. conservative C. endangering D. endangered 27.15,589 species (7,266 animal species and 8,323 plant species) are now considered ____ risk ____ extinction. A. at / of B. on / in C. for / with D. in / at 28. Internationally, 189 countries have signed ____ accord agreeing to create Biodiversity Action Plans to protect endangered and other threatened species. A. а B. an C. the D. Ø 29. I'm tired. I ____ the house since 9 this morning. A. am cleaning B. will have cleaned C. had been cleaning D. have been cleaning 30. Clearing forests for timber has resulted ____ the loss of biodiversity A. with B. at C. in D. for C. READING I. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international (1) ____ governmental organization for the (2) ____, research, and restoration of the environment. The organization was (3) ____ as a charitable

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trust on September 11, 1961, in Morges, Switzerland, under the name World Wildlife Fund. It was an initiative of Julian Huxley and Max Nicholson. It is the world's largest independent conservation organization with over 5 million (4) ____ worldwide, working in more (5) ____ 90 countries, supporting 100 conservation and environmental projects around the world. It is a charity, with (6) ____ 9% of its funding coming from voluntary. (7) ____ by private individuals and businesses. The group says its mission is "to halt and reverse the (8) ____ of our environment". Currently, much of its work focuses on the conservation of three biomes that contain most of the world's biodiversity: forests, freshwater ecosystems, and oceans and coasts. Among other issues, it is also concerned (9) ____ endangered species, pollution, and climate change. The organization (10) ____ more than 20 field projects worldwide. In the last few years, the organization set up offices and operations around the world. 1. A. non B. not C. no D. nor 2. A. challenge B. keeping C. conservation D. awareness 3. A. produced B. discovered C. used D. formed 4. A. supporters B. residents C. inhabitants D. citizens 5. A. as B. than C. to D. as to 6. A. generally B. individually C. commercially D. approximately 7. A. deposits B. donations C. refunds D. loans 8. A. destroy B. destructive C. destruction D. destroyed 9. A. on B. by C. with D. upon 10. A. goes B. walks C. reaches D. runs II. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word or phrase. When the word "endangered" is mentioned, people usually think of particular species, like the panda or whooping crane. However, we would like to encourage you to think about (1) ____ in a broader context. It is (2) ____, the physical places where species live and interact with one another. Although the development of special breeding programs, also known as captive conservation, may help some species in some cases, it is clearly not (3) ____ answer to the global problem. Indeed, (4) ____ we are able to protect natural areas where endangered species actually live, they have no future. Species become endangered for a wide (5) ____ of reasons. By analyzing and grouping many individual cases, however, we find the same broad causes (6) ____ again and again. They are Habitat Destruction, Exotic Species, and Overexploitation. Among other factors threatening particular species are limited: distribution, disease, and pollution. Limited distributions are often a consequence of other threats: populations confined to one or a few small areas because of habitat (7) ____, for example, may be disastrously affected by random factors. Diseases can have severe (8) ____ on species lacking natural genetic protections against particular pathogens, like the rabies and canine distemper viruses that are currently devastating carnivore populations in East Africa. Domestic animals are usually the reservoirs of these and other diseases affecting wild (9) ____, showing once again that human activities lie at the root of most causes of endangerment. Pollution has seriously done harm (10) ____ number of terrestrial species, although species living in freshwater and marine ecosystems are also suffering. 1. A. development B. endangerment C. pollution D. contamination 2. A. plants B. conservations C. habitats D. organizations 3. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 4. A. so B. but C. if D. unless 5. A. variety B. commerce C. extinction D. destruction Page 198

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6. A. expressing B. showing C. disappearing D. appearing 7. A. benefit B. reserve C. loss D. gone 8. A. impact B. interest C. infection D. absorption 9. A. needs B. populations C. natures D. medicines 10. A. to B. for C. with D. at III. Fill in the text with a suitable word in the box. appearance destruction well-known endangered evolved poaching extinct population evolutionary habitats EXTINCTION IS FOREVER! Even before the arrival of humans on the Earth, species became (1) ____ extinct ____ quite naturally. Natural extinction happens when a species declines in numbers gradually but steadily at the end of its (2) ____ evolutionary __ period on the Earth. The length of this period depends on how well a species can adapt to changes in climate and changes in other animals and plants around it. This process of extinction can take a very long time - sometimes several million years - and the extinction of one species is immediately followed by the (3) ___ appearance ____ of another in a continuous cycle. The case of the dinosaurs is the most (4) ___ well-known __ example of natural extinction. These reptiles appeared on the Earth about 200 million years ago and dominated both land and sea for almost 100 million years. It is not certain why the dinosaurs became extinct, but their disappearance was a natural one and new species of animals (5) ___ evolved ____ to replace them. The rate of extinction has speeded up unnaturally over the last 400 years, rising increase in the human (6) ____ population _____ sharply since 1900. This increase in the rate of extinction is directly related to the over the same period of time. Humans have caused great damage to the planet, as wild (7) ____ habitats ____ have been taken over, forcing animals and plants into smaller and smaller areas, until some of them have become extinct. We have also polluted some habitats with chemicals, making them unfit for wildlife. These causes of extinction are known as indirect destruction. Animals may also become extinct through direct (8) ____ destruction ____. This includes the hunting and capturing of animals. The extinction of at least 500 species of animals has been caused by humans, most of them in the 20th century. Today there are about 5,000 (9) ___ endangered _____ animals and at least one species dies out every year. There are probably many more which become extinct without anyone knowing. The main threats to species then can be cited as (10) ___ poaching ___, habitat loss and climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has its own Red List of endangered species ranging from "least concern" through to "critically endangered". IV. Read the text. Use the information in the story to answer the questions below by choosing the best answer A, B, C or D. Since the world became industrialized, the number of animal species that have either become extinct or have neared extinction has increased. Bengal tigers, for instance, which once roamed the jungles in vast numbers, now number only about 2,300. By the year 2025, it is estimated that they will become extinct. What is alarming about the case of the Bengal tiger is that this extinction will have been caused almost entirely by poachers who, according to some sources, are not always interested in material gain but in personal gratification. This is an example of the callousness that is contributing to the problem of extinction Animals such as the Bengal tiger, as well as other endangered species, are valuable parts of the

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world's ecosystem. International laws protecting these animals must be enacted to ensure their survival - and the survival of our planet. Countries around the world have begun to deal with the problem in various ways. Some countries, in an effort to circumvent the problem, have allocated large amounts of land to animals reserves. They then charge admission prices to help defray the costs of maintaining the parks, and they often must also depend on world organizations for support. This money enables them to invest in equipment and patrols to protect the animals. Another response to the increase in animal extinction is an international boycott of products made from endangered species. This has had some effect, but by itself it will not prevent animals from being hunted and killed. 1. The word "callousness" could be best replaced by which of the following? A. incompetence B. indirectness C. insensitivity D. independence 2. The previous passage is divided into two paragraphs in order to contrast ____. A. A comparison and a contrast B. A problem and a solution C. A statement and an illustration D. Specific and general information 3. What is the main topic of the passage? A. Endangered species B. Problems with industrialization C. The Bengal tiger D. International boycotts 4. The word "poachers" could be best replaced by which of the following? A. Concerned scientists B. Enterprising researchers C. Illegal hunters D. Trained hunters 5. What does the word "this" refer to in the passage? A. Bengal tiger B. Interest in material gain C. Killing animals for personal satisfaction D. The decrease in the Bengal tiger population 6. Where in the passage does the author discuss a cause of extinction? A. Lines 5-7 B. Lines 7-9 C. Lines 10-16 D. Lines 1-3 7. What does the term "international boycott" refer to? A. A global increase in animal survival B. A refusal to buy animal products worldwide C. Defraying the cost of maintaining national parks D. Buying and selling of animal products overseas 6. Which of the following best describes the author's attitude? A. indifferent B. forgiving C. concerned D. surprised 9. Which of the following could best replace the word "allocated"? A. set aside B. combined C. taken D. organized 10. The word "defray" is closest in meaning to which of the following? A. make a payment on B. make an investment toward C. raise D. lower V. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 10. Plants and animals will find it difficult to escape from or adjust to the effect of global warming, Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals, such as flowers blooming earlier and birds hatching earlier in the spring. Many species have begun shifting where they live or their annual migration patterns due to warmer temperatures With further warming, animals will tend to migrate toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher elevations. Plants will also attempt to shift their ranges, seeking new areas as old habitats grow too warm. In many places, however, human development will prevent these shifts. Species that find cities or Page 200

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farmland blocking their way north or south may become extinct. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountainous regions, are especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible. For example, polar bears and marine mammals in the Arctic are already threatened by dwindling sea ice but have nowhere farther to go. Projecting species extinction due to global warming is extremely difficult. Some scientists have estimated that 20 to 50 percent of species could be committed to extinction with 2 to 3 Celsius degrees of further warming. The rate of warming, not just the magnitude, is extremely important for plants and animals. Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, many not be able to adjust quickly enough and may disappear. Ocean ecosystems, especially fragile ones like coral reefs, will also be affected by global warming. Warmer ocean temperatures can cause coral to "bleach", a state which if prolonged will lead to the death of the coral. Scientists estimate that even 1 Celsius degree of additional warming could lead to widespread bleaching and death of coral reefs around the world. Also increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters the ocean and increases the acidity of ocean waters. This acidification further stresses ocean ecosystems. 1. The word "fragile" in paragraph 4 most probably means ____. A. very large B. easily damaged C. rather strong D. pretty hard 2. The bleaching of coral reefs as mentioned in paragraph 4 indicates ____. A. the water absorption of coral reefs. B. the quick growth of marine mammals. C. the blooming phase of sea weeds. D. the slow death of coral reefs. 3. The level of acidity in the ocean is increased by ____. A. the rising amount of carbon dioxide entering the oceans B. the decrease of acidity of the pole C. the extinction of species in coastal areas D. the lose of acidity in the atmosphere around the oceans 4. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Influence of climate changes on human B. Effects of global warming on animals and C. Global warming and possible solutions D. Global warming and species 5. Scientists have observed that warmer temperatures in the spring cause flowers to ____. A. die instantly B. bloom earlier C. become lighter D. lose color 6. According to paragraph 2, when their habitats grow warmer, animalist tend to move ____. A. south-eastwards and down mountainsides toward lower B. north-westwards and up mountainsides toward higher C. toward the North Pole and down mountainsides toward lower D. toward the poles and up mountainsides toward higher 7. The pronoun "those" in paragraph 2 refers to ____. A. species B. ecosystems C. habitats D. areas 8. The phrase "dwindling sea ice" in paragraph 2 refers to ____. A. the frozen water in the Artie. B. the violent Arctic Ocean. B. the melting ice in the Arctic. D. the cold ice in the Arctic. 9. It is mentioned in the passage that if the global temperature rose by 2 or 3 Celsius degrees____. A. half of the earth's surface would be B. the sea level would rise by 20 C. water supply would decrease by 50 D. 20 to 50 percent of species could become 10. According to the passage, if some species are not able to adjust quickly to warmer temperatures, ____. A. they may be endangered B. they can begin to develop C. they will certainly need water. D. they move to tropical forests. Page 201

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D. WRITING I. Rewrite the following sentences. 1. Her old house is bigger than her new one. Her new house isn’t so/ as big as her old one. 2. No one in my class is taller than Peter. Peter is the tallest in my class. 3. The black dress is more expensive than the white one. The white dress isn’t so/ as expensive as the black one. 4. According to me, English is easier than Maths. According to me, Maths isn’t so/ as easy as English. 5. No one in my group is more intelligent than Mary. Mary is the most intelligent in my group. 6. No river in the world is longer than the Nile. The Nile is the longest river in the world. 7. Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world. No mountain in the world is higher than Mount Everest. 8. This is the first time I have ever met such a pretty girl. She is the prettiest girl I have ever met. 9. He works much. He feels tired. The more he works, the more tired he feels. 10. This computer works better than that one. That computer doesn’t work so/ as well as this one. 11. The apartment is big. The rent is high. The bigger the apartment is, the higher the rent is. 12. We set off soon. We will arrive soon. The sooner we set, the sooner we will arrive. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. He not only loved her with all his heart but also went out of his way to protect her from all the evil things in life. Together with loving her with all his heart, he went out of his way to protect her from all the evil things in life. 2. Everyone in the class agreed to the given proposal except for Lan. Lan was the only one in the class that/ who did not agreed to the given proposal. 3. I haven't heard from Lana for months on end. It's many months since I last heart from Lana. 4. "Call in on me if you should ever pass by, okay?" she told me. She asked me to call in on her if I should ever pass by. 5. You should never treat your mother like that, one day you'll realize why. Never should you treat your mother like that, one day you'll realize why. 6. Work shouldn't take priority over family in any circumstances. Under no circumstances should work take priority over family. 7. "Hey you little girl, give me your notebook." said the naughty boy to his friend. The naughty boy ordered his friend to give him her notebook. 8. You really need to have your laptop fixed, it's broken down. Your laptop really needs fixing, it's broken down. Page 202

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III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. "What a lovely dress you're wearing, mother." said Janet. Janet complimented her mother on her lovely dress. 2. The Eurowindow building is so spacious that you may not finish visiting it in one day. Such is the spaciousness if the Eurowindow building that you may not finish visiting it in one day. 3. Autumn is the season I love the most. There is no (other) season that I love more than autumn. 4. Whether you are fluent in English or not, talking to the president is sure to take some real calmness. However fluent you are in English, talking to the president is sure to take some real calmness. 5. The manufacturer must have cut off the amount of ingredients used in this extremely small cake. The manufacturer almost certainly cut off the amount of ingredients used in this extremely small cake. 6. You won't find a more dedicated employee than this woman. Nowhere will you find a more dedicated employee than this woman. 7. "I'll wait until you come back however long it may take." said his wife. His wife promised to wait until he came back however long it might take. 8. Although Jenny is small, she can push that huge table for a long distance. In spite of her smallness/ being small, Jenny can push that huge table for a long distance. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the rest. 1. A. chemical B. which C. change D. each 2. A. attitude B. survive C. introduce D. human 3. A protect B. commercial C. construction D. climate 4. A. endangered B. destroyed C. damaged D. provided 5. A. medicine B. priority C. crisis D. primary II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1 A disappearance B. vulnerable C. conservation D. generation 2. A ability B. agriculture C. development D. contaminate 3. A. current B. global C. crisis D. mankind 4. A. temperature B. serious C. awareness D. chemical 5. A government B. agency C. benefit D. diversity III. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word. 1. Known worldwide by its panda logo, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) is dedicated to protecting ____ world's wildlife and the rich biological diversity that we all need to survive. A. a B. an C. the D. Ø 2. At the end of this month, we ____ here for ten years. A. are living B. live C. will be living D. will have been living 3. Loss of habitat and increased commercial hunt ____ the number of chimpanzees from 2 million to 300,000 individuals. A. reduced B. lessened C. weakened D. limited 4. Baby Komodo dragons will live on the trees from the moment they are born ____ adult ones can't climb and eat them. A. so B. therefore C. although D. because 5. Since ____ 1600s, worldwide overexploitation of animals for ____ food and other products has caused numerous species to become extinct or endangered. A. the/ a B. the/ Ø C. Ø/ the D. the/ the

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6. By the time you finish cooking they ____ their homework. A. will have done B. are doing C. have been doing D. have done 7. The more a car costs, ____ it goes. A. faster B. the faster C. the more fast D. the more faster 8. The younger you are, ____ it is to learn. A. easier B. you are easier C. the easier D. the easy 9. The world's biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, which makes wildlife ____. A. prosperous B. prefect C. vulnerable D. remained 10. ____ is the protection of environment and natural resources. A. Survival B. Commerce C. Conservation D. Extinction 11. The number of working women in our country ____ from 49% in 1980 to nearly 65% nowadays. A. has been increasing B. has increased C. is increasing D. will have increased 12. WWF is ____ leading privately supported international conservation organization in the world, and has sponsored more than 2,000 projects in 116 countries. A. а B. an C. the D. Ø 13. The saola is threatened primarily by hunting, rather than ____. A. habitual loss B. loss of life C. habitation loss D. habitat loss 14. Illegal hunting in Namibia, Zimbabwe, and Botswana, puts African elephants ____ of extinction. A. in the verge B. on the verge C. on brink D. in brink 15. Many nations have laws offering protection to these species, such as forbidding hunting, restricting land development or creating ____. A. agencies B. reserves C. awareness D. challenges 16. ____ is the existence of a wide variety of plant and animal species living in their natural environment. A. Biodiversity B. Conservation C. Globe D. Individual 17. We have to apply effective measures to save many plant and animal species ____ extinction. A. from B. in C. for D. on 18. Being listed as an endangered species can have negative effect since it could make a species more desirable for collectors and poachers. A. awareness B. preservation C. support D. impact 19. By the year 2050, many people currently employed ____ their jobs. A. have lost B. will be losing C. will have lost D. are losing 20. Over-exploitation for food, pets, and medicine, pollution, and disease are recognized ____ a serious threat ____ extinction. A. as/ of B. to/ for C. over/ with D. upon/ at 21. We all hope that the dispute ____ by the end of the month. A. was going to solve B. will have been solved C. had been solved D. is supposed to solve 22. They ____ the new bridge by the end of the year. A. will complete B. will have completed C. have completed D. had been completing 23. ____ we finish the project, ____ we can start the next one. A. The soonest/ the sooner B. The sooner/ the most soon C. The sooner/ the sooner D. The soonest/ the soonest 24. ____ I forget, ____ I know. A. The more/ the less B. The more/ the little C. The many/ the less D. The many/ the little Page 204

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25. Almost half of turtles and tortoises are known to be threatened with ____. A. extinct B. extinction C. extinctive D. extinctly 26. It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat ____ and degradation are the leading threats. A. destroy B. destructive C. destructor D. destruction 27. By the time you come back, I ____ my assignments. A. will finish B. will be finishing C. have finished D. will have finished 28. World Wide Fund for Nature was formed to do the mission of the preservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of natural resources, and the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. A. contamination B. energy C. extinction D. development 29. Current extinction rates are at least 100 to 1,000 times higher than ____ rates found in the fossil record. A. nature B. natural C. naturally D. naturalness 30. She ____ two miles and a half, and now she feels exhausted. A. will have run B. was running C. has run D. has been running 31. The Bali Tiger was declared extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss. A. reserve B. generation C. diversity D. natural environment 32. It is found that endangered species are often concentrated in areas that are poor and densely populated, such as much of Asia and Africa. A. disappeared B. increased C. threatened D. reduced 33. Chimpanzees ____ kisses, hugs, touches in their community and use complicated system of sounds to communicate. A. transfer B. transmit C. exchange D. perform

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IV. Error Identification. 1. Species become extinct or endangerment for a number of reasons but the primary cause is the destruction of A B C habitat by human activities. D 2. Although species evolve differently, most of them adapt to a specific habitat or environment that best meets A B C their survive needs. D 3. Without the particularly habitat, the species could not survive. A B C D 4. Such human activities as pollution, drainage of wetlands, cutting and clearing of forests, urbanization, and A B C road and dam construction has destroyed or seriously damaged available habitats. D 5. Habitat fragmentation have caused plant and animal species in the remaining islands of habitat to lose contact A B C with others of their own kind. D V. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box. Page 205

monitored habitat major conservation awareness optimistic stray reserves ANIMAL SUCCESS STORIES In 1973, the United States government passed into law the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Its three (1) ____ major ____ goals were: 1. to protect plants and animals from extinction by listing them as endangered; 2. to preserve the habitat of these species, 3. to help populations of listed species recover. Because of these (2) ____ conservation ___ efforts, many animals have been brought back from near extinction. Here are three such success stories. Bald eagle It is fitting that we begin with the story of the bald eagle the American symbol. By 1963, its population had dropped to fewer than 1000. Hunting was certainly a major factor in this decline, as was the destruction of habitat. But the biggest factor was DDT - a chemical widely used in insect sprays - which had a (3) ___ damaging _____ effect on the eagles' eggs. The 1972 ban on DDT was the single most important factor in the revival of the bald eagle. Bald eagle populations are now carefully (4) ____ monitored ____, and baby eagles are raised under human protection later to be released into the wild. Thanks to these efforts, the number of eagles in the United States has grown markedly and the birds can be seen in many national parks. In August 2007, bald eagles were removed from the ESA list. Grizzly bear Another classic symbol of North America wildlife is the grizzly bear. Due to hunting and (5) ______ habitat ____ destruction, its present number is closer to 1000 Furthermore, because grizzly bears have babies at a very slow rate it takes many years for the population to grow. Most of the grizzly bears in the United States live in Yellowstone and Glacier National Parks. As grizzlies are still protected by the ESA hunting them is illegal. As bear populations grow, it becomes very important to prevent encounters between humans and bears. People living in grizzly bear habitats are encouraged not to leave garbage lying around in case bears are attracted to the smell, and parks put up signs warning people not to (6) ____ stray ____ off the path. Visitors are also warned not to alarm any bears they encounter. Grey wolf Finally, the grey wolf story is one of the most interesting tales of American wildlife. Traditionally avoided because people fear them and consider them pests for killing livestock, grey wolves have been shot trapped, and poisoned, even in nature (7) ____ reserves ____. By the time the grey wolf was declared a protected species in 1973 only a few hundred remained in small areas of the country. Today, the grey world population has been revived due to strong conservation efforts. The grey wolf is now listed as a (8) __ species _ of Least Concern by IUCN. In 2006, the United States government declared May 11 to be Endangered Species Day - a day devoted to raising (9) ____ awareness _____ of endangered species. With such positive steps towards educating people on the importance of conservation there's reason to be (10) ____ optimistic _____ about the future of endangered animals in the US. VI. Read the following passage and choose the best option for each numbered blank. Nearly 200 of the 1500 native plant species in Hawaii are at risk of going extinct in the near future because they have been (1) ____ to such low numbers. Approximately 90 percent of Hawaii's plants are found nowhere else in the world but they are (2) ____ by alien invasive species such as feral goats, pigs, rodents and non- (3) ____ plants.

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damaging species

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The Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Group is striving to (4) ____ the extinction of the 182 rare Hawaiian plants with fewer than 50 individuals remaining in the (5) ____. Since 1990, (6) ____ a result of their ‘Plant Extinction Prevention Program’, sixteen species have been brought into (7) ____ and three species have been reintroduced. Invasive weeds have been removed in key areas and fencing put up in order to (8) ____ plants in the wild. In the future the Hawaii Rare Plant Restoration Program aims (9) ____ collecting genetic material from the remaining plants in the wild for storage as a safety net for the future. They also aim to manage wild populations and where possible reintroduce species into (10) ____. 1. A. disappeared B. reduced C. increased D. developed 2. A. guarded B. invested C. conserved D. threatened 3. A. nation B. native C. national D. nationally 4. A. prevent B. encourage C. stimulate D. influence 5. A. wild B. atmosphere C. hole D. sky 6. A. so B. due C. as D. but 7. A. contamination B. production C. cultivation D. generation 8. A. derive B. vary C. remain D. protect 9. A. at B. for C. with D. on 10. A. shelters B. reserves C. gardens D. halls VII. Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question. The peregrine falcon, a predatory bird indigenous to North America, was once in danger of extinction. In the 1960s, scientists discovered byproducts of the pesticide DDT in the birds' eggs, which caused them to be too soft to survive. The use of the pesticide had been 5 banned in the United States, but the falcons were eating migratory birds from other places where DDT was still used. In order to increase the survival rate, scientists were raising the birds in laboratories and then releasing them into mountainous areas. This practice achieved only moderate success, however, because many of the birds raised 10 in captivity could not survive in the wild. There is now, however, a new alternative to releases in the wild. A falcon that has been given the name Scarlett chose to make her home on a ledge of the 33rd floor of a Baltimore, Maryland, office 15 building rather than in the wild, and, to the surprise of the scientists, she has managed to live quite well in the city. Following this example, programs have been initiated that release birds like Scarlett into cities rather than into their natural wild habitat. These urban releases are becoming a common way to strengthen the species. Urban homes 20 have several benefits for the birds that wild spots do not. First, there is an abundance of pigeons and small birds as food sources The peregrine in the city is also protected from its main predator, the great homed owl. Urban release programs have been very successful in reestablishing the peregrine falcons along the East Coast. Though 25 they are still an endangered species, their numbers increased from about 60 nesting pairs in 1975 to about 700 pairs in 1992. In another decade the species may flourish again, this time without human help. 1. As used in paragraph 2, the word "spots" could best be replaced by ____. A. places B. dilemmas C. jungles D. materials 2. According to the passage, where have the release programs been the most successful? A. in office buildings B. on the East Coast C. in mountainous areas D. in the wild 3. What is the main topic of the passage? A. survival of peregrine falcons B. releases into the wild C. endangered species D. harmful effects of pesticides 4. The word "ledge" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____. Page 207

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A. window B. wall C. terrace D. shelf 5. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason why a falcon might choose to live in a city? A. There are high places to nest. B. There are other falcons nearby C. There is a lack of predators. D. There is abundant food. 6. In line 1, the phrase "indigenous to" could be best replaced by ____. A. typical of B. protected by C. adapted to D. native to 7. The word "releases" as used in paragraph 2most probably means ____. A. internment B. regression C. distribution D. possessions 8. According to the passage, which of the following are the falcon's main predators? A. pigeons B. rattlesnakes C. owls D. humans 9. The word "byproducts" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by which of the following? A. derivatives B. proceeds C. chemicals D. elements 10. Why were the peregrine falcons in danger? A. because of pesticides used by American farmers B. because they migrated to countries where their eggs could not survive C. because they ate birds from other countries where DDT was still used D. because they were prized by hunters and hunted to near extinction VIII. Choose the best sentence that can be made from the words given. 1. everyone/ pick up/ one piece of trash/ a day/ about 6.6 billion pieces less A. If everyone picked up one piece of trash a day, there would be about 6.6 billion pieces less. B. When everyone will pick up one piece of trash a day, about 6.6 billion pieces would be less. C. Because everyone picks up one piece of trash a day, about 6.6 billion pieces is less. D. Unless everyone picked up one piece of trash a day, there will be about 6.6 billion pieces less. 2. environmental education/ help/ spread/ environmental awareness/ share practical techniques/ solve the environmental problems A. Environmental education to help for spreading environmental awareness and sharing- practical techniques to solve the environmental problems. B. Because environmental education helps to spread environmental awareness and shares practical techniques to solve the environmental problems. C. Environmental education helps to spread environmental awareness and shares practical techniques to solve the environmental problems. D. Environmental education that helps to spread environmental awareness and sharing practical techniques to solve the environmental problems. 3. you/ conserve energy/ go to school or to work by bus/ turn off your electric devices/ you are not using them A. As you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus and so turn off your electric devices when you are not using them. B. If you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus together with turn off your electric devices when you are not using them. C. Suppose you want to conserve energy, go to school or to work by bus and turn off your electric devices when you are not using them. D. When you want to conserve energy, you needn't go to school or to work by bus and turn off your electric devices when you are not using them. 4. we/ dependent/ nature/ cannot survive ourselves/ without wildlife A. As we are dependent on nature and we cannot survive ourselves without wildlife. B. We dependent on nature and therefore cannot survive ourselves without wildlife. Page 208

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C. We are dependent on nature and so cannot survive ourselves without wildlife. D. We are dependent on nature and cannot survive ourselves without wildlife. 5. we/ engage/ individuals/ appreciate nature/ the relationship/ they have with wildlife A. We should engage individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship that they have with wildlife. B. We might engage individuals for appreciating nature and the relationship that they have with wildlife. C. We must engage individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship when they have with wildlife. D. We need engaging individuals to appreciate nature and the relationship which they have with wildlife. IX. Complete the following sentence using double comparison. 1. The joke is good. The laughter is loud. The better the joke is, the louder the laughter is. 2. She gets fat. She feels tired. The fatter she gets, the more tired she feels. 3. As he gets older, he wants to travel less. The older he gets, the less he wants to travel. 4. The children are excited with the difficult games. The more difficult the games are, the more excited the children are. 5. People drive fast. Many accidents happen. The faster people drive, the more accidents happen. 6. I meet him much. I hate him much. The more I meet him, the more I hate him. 7. My boss works better when he is pressed for time. The less time my boss has, the better he works. 8. As he has much money, he wants to spend much. The more money he has, the more he wants to spend. 9. If you read many books, you will have much knowledge. The more books you read, the more knowledge you will have. 10. He speaks too much and people feel bored. The more he speaks, the more bored people feel. 11. The growth in the economy makes people's living condition better. The more the economy grows, the better people's living condition is. 12. People learn a lot of things as they travel far. The farther people travel, the more they learn. TEST 3

Unit 6. ENDANGERED SPECIES

Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other

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1. A. endangered

B. gorilla

C. global

D. dragon

2. A. change

B. poaching

C. chemical

D. achievement Page 209

3. A. horn

B. vehicle

C. hippo

D. habitat

4. A. species

B. nest

C. special

D. helpful

5. A. snorkelling

B. sensitive

C. diversity

D. reserve

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the

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position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. 6. A. visit

B. extinct

C. survive

D. evolve

7. A. dangerous

B. survivor

C. habitat

D. vulnerable

8. A. convenient

B. endanger

C. critical

D. tradition

9. A. pollution

B. collision

C. protection

D. valuable

10. A. migrate

B. giant

C. panda

D. rhino

Part II. VOCABULARY

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined 11. All types of dinosaurs went extinct long time ago. A. thrived

B. boomed

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word(s) in each of the following questions. C. survived

D. died out

12. We need to prepare for our biology assignment about endangered plant species. B. dangerous

C. likely to go extinct

A. harmless

D. harmful

13. These animals are quite vulnerable when living near the industrial zone. A. calm

B. easily hurt

C. safe

D. relaxed

14. Every year, in Africa a lot of elephants are poached for tusks. B. gently cooked

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A. illegally hunted

C. boiled

D. stewed

15. More complex animals gradually evolved from these very simple creatures. A. resolved

B. involved

C. revolted

D. developed

16. Many species are threatened in the wild due to habitat destruction by man. A. usual behaviour

B. favourite activity

C. place of living

D. rituals

C. thriving

17. These animals are now on the verge of extinction. developing

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A. natural tendency

B. no longer existing

18. This forest contains many rare specie of plants. A. in small numbers

B. real

C. half-cock

D. not done properly

C. get over

D. continue to live

19. Many birds didn't survive the severe winter.

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A. have enough food

B. surprise

20. The main threat to the survival of these creatures comes from their loss of habitat. A. service

B. surprise

C. continuing to exist

D. no longer existing Page 210

21. Darwin's theory of evolution incorporates the principle of natural selection. A. radical revolution

B. gradual development

C. radical resolution

D. practical involvement B. direction

C. similarity

D. closeness

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A. variety

22. Environmentalists try to persuade the governments to see the need to preserve biological diversity. 23. Through the years they have made significant contributions to species conservation. A. protest

B. protection

C. production

D. induction

24. There are several reasons why we should protect endangered species. A. argue against

B. disapprove

C. guard from harm

D. make known

25. We need to take action to help preserve fish stocks. B. prepare

C. reserve

D. conserve

A. serve

26. At the moment it is difficult to assess the extent of the damage that his company has caused to the environment. B. useful benefits

27. The rainforest is being systematically destroyed. A. developed

B. exploited

C. advantage

D. nuances

C. expanded

D. devastated

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A. loss

A. wandered

B. roared

28. A number of mammal species roamed widely around the northern hemisphere. C. explored

D. discovered

29. Komodo dragons are fierce hunters and can eat very large preys. A. sharp

B. aggressive

C. friendly

D. cooperative

A. extremely fast

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30. What was fascinating to me was the way the creatures moved. C. extremely interesting

B. completely boring D. completely motivating

31. Environmentalists dedicate a lot of their time to running campaigns to raise people's awareness about protecting endangered species.

B. save

A. eliminate

C. waste

D. devote

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32. Malaysia local authorities have made efforts to restore the population of sea turtles. A. pay back

B. realize

C. relax

D. give back

33. Many wildlife reserves have been set up in this country. B. booking reservations

C. protected areas

D. emergency fund

A. money reserves

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34. Turtle enclosures save baby turtles from natural predators like birds, crabs, and lizards. A. survivors

B. hunters

C. savers

D. protectors

35. Dinosaurs were unable to survive severe ice age weather conditions. Page 211

A. harsh

B. separate

C. safe

D. serious

36. We should have better law enforcement to stop poaching. A. implementation

B. enlightenment

C. encouragement

D. endorsement

B. enhancing

C. implementing

38. Today, the elephants' population is declining. A. remaining stable

B. going up

C. decreasing

D. developing

39. Fish are still abundant in that lake. A. scarce

B. available

C. decreasing

D. plentiful

40. Elephants play an important role in maintaining biodiversity. B. stopping

C. pausing

D. ending

A. retaining

D. enacting

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A. improvising

37. Money spent on protecting endangered species should be used for improving me of the local people.

41. Elephants break up thorny bushes to create grasslands for other animals to inhabit. B. live in

C. like

42. Elephants droppings are vital to the environment. A. controversial

B. trivial

D. prefer

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A. come in

C. essential

D. optional

word(s) in each of the following questions.

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined 43. The fire will go out unless we put some more wood on. A. go off

B. go in

C. stop burning

D. continue burning

44. Let's clear up this rubbish and put it in the bin. B . clear away

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A. mess up

C. tidy

D. clear off

45. The environmental pollution level in this area has built up a lot over recent years. A. increased

B. decreased

C. blocked

D. concentrated

46. All visitors are kept out of the conservation area. B. prevented from destroying

C. allowed to enter

D. allowed to take photos

A. prevented from entering

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47. It is predicted that the natural resources will run out by the end of the century. A. come in

B. run short

C. run away

D. remain intact

48. It is urgent that these governments work out a solution to the problem that they are all facing. A. keep secret

B. find

C. share

D. arrive at

49. In order to protect endangered species, it is important that all people join in.

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A. participate

B. leave

C. take part

D. enjoy

50. Many people decided to give up eating meat and become vegetarians. A. cut up

B. put up

C. continue

D. use up Page 212

Part III. GRAMMAR Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. B

FI CI A

51. As soon as we will arrive, we will unpack the car. 52. By this time next week, I am lying on a beach on the Bahamas. A

53. When I will see him, I will tell him you want to speak to him. A

54. Take a book with you, in case you will have to wait for a long time. 55. Do you realize that by this time next week we have been in Paris? B

56. I'm sure you will be glad when we finally will arrive. A

57. By the time we will arrive, everybody will have left. B

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58. Looking at the schedule it says the boat will leaves at ten tonight. A

59. I know Jenny calls later and as soon as she does I'm going to tell her what's happened. B

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60. The more time you spend on prepare for the test, the higher scores you may get. A

61. The more you practise speaking in your class, the more better you are at public speaking. A

62. The more better I study about endangered species, the more I worry about their extinction. B

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63. The warmer the weather get around the world, the faster the polar ice caps will melt. A

64. The more renewable energy sources we use, the more better our living conditions will become. B

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65. As people need more land to build houses, they cut down on more forests. A

66. The unemployment rate is getting higher, so that the crime rate is becoming higher as well. Page 213

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. B. best

C. worse

D. worst

68. We need to do this ____ than we are at the moment. A. quickly

B. the quickest

C. more quickly

D. most quickly

69. Mary speaks English better than her sister ____. A. is

B. Ø

C. has

D. can

70. Looking after a kitten is ____ more difficult than I thought it would be. B. farther

C. further

D. father

71. Living in a big city isn't ____ interesting as I thought it would be. A. less

B. most

C. more

D. as

72. It has been a really bad journey, but I think the ____ is behind us. B. better

C. worst

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A. good

A. far

FI CI A

A. good

67. Rare animal extinction is one of the things that could have happened.

D. worse

73. I'm quite disappointed in you as I know you can do ____. A. bad

B. better

C. worst

D. good

A. earlier

B. more early

74. He arrived ____ than anyone else, so he had to wait more than an hour. C. early

D. earliest

75. It is getting hotter and ____ every summer. I guess that is the result of global warming. A. less

B. more

C. colder

D. hotter

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76. The meal was a bit ____ expensive than we expected, but it was very nice. A. least

B. less

C. more

D. most

77. I've never eaten such a strange thing ____ this before. A. similar

B. as

C. same

D. look like

C. will start

D. will have started

78. By the time we get there, the film ____. B. started

A. starts

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79. If we don't protect these rare species, they ____ by 2030s. A. die out

B. will die out

C. will have died out

D. have died out

80. Next December, they ____ for twenty years. A. will have been married

B. have been married

C. are married

D. were married

81. By the time you come home, I ____ the decorating.

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A. have finished

B. will have finished

C. are finishing

D. finished

C. will have replaced

D. have replaced

82. By the year 2050, computers ____ teachers. A. replace

B. will replace

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83. Jim and Laura ____ here for four years next June. A. have lived

B. will live

C. will be living

D. will have lived

84. This chess game is going to last ages. They ____ it until midnight. C. have finished

85. ____ this book by the time it is due back to the library? A. Will you read

B. Will you have read

D. finish

B. will finish

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A. won't have finished

C. Will you be reading

86. I hope I ____ before I'm thirty. A. win a lot of prizes

B. will win a lot of prizes

C. will have won a lot of prizes

D. have won a lot of prizes

87. Maybe I ____ famous by the age of thirty-five. B. have become

C. will become

A. become become

D. Have you read

D. will have

88. I hope I ____ millions of dollars from my business by the age of forty. B. will make

C. have made

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A. make

D. will have made

89. At ten o'clock, I ____ my mathematics homework for three hours. A. will be doing

B. will have been doing

A. don't leave

B. won't leave

Part IV. SPEAKING

90. We probably ____ by the time you get home.

C. have done

C. won't have left

D. do D. haven't left

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following

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exchanges. Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of endangered species. 91. Nam: Would you like to join my wildlife protection team? Lan: ____

A. Yes, I like working for this organization very much. B. Thank you. I've always wanted to do something to help.

C. Where is it located?

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D. There are so many wildlife protection teams. 92. Lan: Can we meet this Sunday to discuss our plan for the wildlife protection project? Nam: ____

B. Sunday is the weekend.

C. Sunday suits me fine.

D. Sunday is a great day.

A. Yes, we did that.

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93. Nam: What do you think about killing animals like dogs and cats for food? Lan: ____ A. It is really cruel.

B. I prefer dogs to cats. Page 215

C. Both of them are pets.

D. Dogs are really faithful.

94. Lan: Do you think I should accept an offer to do voluntary work in the zoo? B. Zoos have a lot of animals.

C. Voluntary work is meaningful.

D. I definitely think you should say yes.

95. Nam: I'd like to hear your ideas on how to protect vulnerable species. Lan: ____

FI CI A

A. Why did they offer you the job?

Nam: ____

A. I'd say people's awareness is very important.

B. You're always asking me for advice.

C. I like your ideas so much.

D. These animals are vulnerable.

96. Nam: I'm planning to raise a couple of rabbits at home.

Lan: ____

B. I've never seen rabbits before.

C. I've decided to raise a cat.

D. That's a good idea.

97. Nam: Do you want me to give you a lift home? Lan: ____ C. I live in a flat on the eighth floor.

B. Thank you. It's very kind of you!

A. A lift? No, I'm afraid of height.

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A. Rabbits are very fast.

D. My house doesn't have a lift.

98. Nam: If you like, I can check the deadline for our assignment. Lan: ____ A. I don't really like this assignment.

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C. Thanks, but that won't be necessary.

B. Assignments are just a waste of time. D. I am scared of deadlines.

99. Nam: Would you mind if sometimes I called at around 10 pm to discuss our assignment? Lan: ____ A. No, of course not. discussions.

B. Yes, of course I would.

C. I mind a lot.

D. I like

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Lan: ____

100. Nam: Could you find all the information related to Komodo dragons? A. Komodo dragons are also vulnerable.

B. Are they still living?

C. I've never heard of them. What do they look like?

D. I think that'll be very difficult.

101. Lan: Do you enjoy visiting zoos?

Nam: ____

B. I've visited that zoo twice.

C. Yeah, that's really fun.

D. I like funny animals.

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A. Zoos are places where animals are kept.

102. Lan: Have you ever visited a botanical garden or a nature park? Page 216

Nam: ____ A. There is a botanical garden in the area. B. Yes, only once when I was 12.

C. There are a lot of trees and flowers in the botanical garden.

FI CI A

D. Nature parks are expensive to maintain. 103. Lan: Are you concerned about animals becoming extinct? Nam: ____ A. I'm really worried. Our biodiversity will be broken.

B. When will they become extinct?

C. Which animals are endangered?

D. I love keeping animals as pets.

104. Nam: What animals in our country are endangered?

Lan: ____

B. Endangered animals are dangerous.

C. Endangered animals should be protected.

D. Tigers and elephants are nearly

extinct. 105. Lan: How can we protect endangered species? A. It is out of the question.

Nam: ____

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A. Are they endangered animals?

B. Both the governments and individuals need to help them. C. Poachers don't care about endangered animals. D. All endangered animals are extinct.

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Part V. READING

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

Alligators have always been the most dangerous predators of the Florida Everglades, (106) ____ their long-held position is now being challenged by a (107) ____ population of Burmese pythons.

The Burmese python, a giant snake measuring up to 20 feet (108) ____ and weighing up to 200

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pounds, is very (109) ____ among exotic pet owners. However, as the (110) ____ snakes grow, they become more difficult to cage and handle. To avoid dealing with the snakes, the owners irresponsibly release them into the wild. Since the Everglades is (111) ____ similar to the python's native environment of Southeast Asia, they survive and (112) ____ without difficulty.

The issue with the Burmese pythons is their (113) ____ of meals. They eat alligators and endangered

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birds, which (114) ____ strain on an already fragile ecosystem. Recently a 13-foot long Burmese python was found with a 5-foot alligator bursting from its stomach. The python died (115) ____ to eat the alligator but a larger one would have easily won the struggle. With over 30,000 Burmese Page 217

pythons now living (116) ____ the Everglades, a solution to stop this invasive species is necessary. If the pythons are left unchecked, there is a strong possibility they will wipe out a variety of species B. so

C. because

D. since

107. A. grow

B. growing

C. growth

D. grown

108. A. length

B. lengthen

C. long

109. A. popular

B. famous

C. typical

110. A. dead

B. died

C. death

111. A. quiet

B. quite

C. quit

112. A. prospect

B. protect

C. prosper

113. A. choice

B. choose

C. chose

114. A. makes

B. gives

C. gets

115. A. try

B. trying

C. tried

116. A. over

B. under

C. in

D. on

117. A. necessary

B. necessity

C. need

D. needed

FI CI A

106. A. but

(117) ____ for the functioning of the Everglades ecosystem.

D. longer D. scarce

D. deadly

D. quietly

D. protest

D. chosen D. creates

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D. trial

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to

each of the questions.

The Sahara Desert is the world's largest hot desert. The Sahara is in North Africa and is as large as the United States. Many people think that an area like this has no animals or plant life, but they are incorrect. In fact, the Sahara Desert has many different 'ecoregions’. Each ecoregion has different

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plants and animals living there. The biggest ecoregion is called the 'Sahara Desert ecoregion.' In this area, the climate is extremely dry and extremely hot. The landscape is sandy and dusty with many high dunes. Because the Sahara Desert ecoregion is so hot and dry, there are very few plants and animals. Scientists estimate that there are only 500 species of plants. This is not very much when thinking of how enormous the region is. These plants include acacia trees, palms, spiny shrubs, and

grasses. The Sahara is also home to 70 species of mammals. Twenty of these are large mammals.

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There are about 90 species of birds and around 100 reptiles. The biggest threat to plants and animals in this environment is drying up. Because of this, plants have the ability to recover their health after their leaves have dried out completely. Animals can lose 30-60% of their body mass and still survive. Most animals do not get their water from drinking like

other ecosystems. Instead, they have adapted to get their water through metabolic processes. This is

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why they can survive in a place like the Sahara Desert ecosystem.

118. What is the text mostly about? A. Location of the Sahara Desert.

B. Hot weather of the Sahara Desert. Page 218

C. How animals survive on this Desert.

D. The Sahara Desert and its ecosystem.

119. Which of the following is TRUE? B. It is the second largest desert.

C. It is in North Africa.

D. It is in the United States.

A. people

B. plants

C. animals

D. ecoregions

121. In paragraph 2, the word estimate is closest in meaning to ____. A. confirm

B. calculate

C. formulate

D. participate

122. All of the following are true about the Sahara Desert EXCEPT ____.

B. seventy species of mammals can be found

there C. it is home to about ninety species of birds

D. Fewer than 100 reptiles are found there

123. Why can animals and plants survive in the Sahara Desert?

B. They get water from the irrigation system.

C. They get water through metabolic process.

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A. They try to reduce the water intake.

A. there are about five hundred types of plants

FI CI A

120. In paragraph 1, the word they refers to ____.

A. The Sahara Desert has no animals or plants.

D. They don't really need water for a long time.

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to

each of the questions.

Amphibians are an animal group that includes frogs, toads, salamanders, and newts. These animals live in and out of the water. The number of amphibians on our planet is declining rapidly in both local mass extinctions and population crashes. This is a cause for concern as many scientists believe

QU Y

that humans are responsible.

Since the 1980s, scientists have noticed a decline in amphibian populations. Although many animals are affected by humans, amphibians have been hit particularly hard. Some scientists believe this is because of their two-stage life cycle. Unlike most animals, amphibians live their lives in two distinct stages. The first is aquatic and the second is terrestrial. This means amphibians are sensitive to

environmental changes in the water and on land. They also have permeable skin, which means that

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toxins and chemicals can easily get into their bodies. At first, some scientists did not believe that human pollution was the cause for changes in amphibian populations. These scientists believed that every species on Earth goes through natural cycles and changes and that there was not enough long-term data to prove that humans were the problem. In

recent years, this has changed. Almost all biologists are concerned about the decline in amphibian

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populations. They are worried not only because many amphibians may go extinct, but also because these extinctions

Page 219

will affect other plants and animals in ecosystems. They believe that the decline in amphibian populations is a warning to humans to stop polluting and clean up Earth. B. Endangered amphibians

C. Amphibian life cycle

D. Amphibians and reptiles

FI CI A

A. Endangered reptiles

125. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The number of amphibians is decreasing rapidly. B. The number of amphibians is increasing. C. The number of amphibians is going up.

A. studied

B. analysed

C. become aware of

D. started to work on

C. animals

D. amphibians

B. humans

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127. In paragraph 2, the word they refers to ____. A. scientists

D. The number of amphibians staying constant. 126. In paragraph 2, the word noticed is closest in meaning to ____.

124. Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?

128. According the passage, which of the following is TRUE about amphibians? land. C. They mainly live in water.

B. First they live in the water, then on

A. First they live on land, then in the water.

D. They mainly live on land.

129. In paragraph 2, the word toxins is closest in meaning to ____. A. poisonous substances

C. essential minerals

D. essential

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vitamins

B. tonic substances

130. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Amphibians contribute greatly to biodiversity. B. All amphibians will go extinct in the near future. C. A clean environment may help to protect amphibians from extinction.

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Part VI. WRITING

D. Protecting amphibians is the responsibility of all people on Earth.

Exercise 11. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

131. Five islands of Indonesia are home to Komodo dragons.

A. Homes are built for Komodo dragons on five islands of Indonesia.

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B. Komodo dragons are the only living creatures on Indonesia's islands.

C. Komodo dragons live on five islands of Indonesia. D. Komodo dragons prefer to live in hot countries like Indonesia. Page 220

132. Unless humans stop poaching, many rare animals will go extinct. A. When humans stop poaching, many rare animals will become extinct. C. As soon as people stop poaching, a lot of rare animals will become extinct. 133. People are not allowed to approach animals in safari parks. A. People are prohibited from approaching animals in safari parks. B. People are advised not to approach animals in safari parks. C. Safari parks don't prohibit people from approaching animals. D. Safari parks allow people to approach animals.

FI CI A

D. Provided that people stop poaching, many animals will become extinct.

B. If people don't stop poaching, a lot of rare animals will become extinct.

134. The more polluted the environment, the less safe it becomes for the animals. A. If the environment is more polluted, it becomes better for the animals. B. Animals find the more polluted environment safer.

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C. Animals become less safe with a more polluted environment. D. Animals become safer with a more polluted environment.

135. The saola and the rhino are considered endangered species in Viet Nam.

A. The saola and the rhino are dangerous animals in Viet Nam. B. Both the saola and the rhino are considerate animals.

C. Viet Nam becomes more dangerous due to the saola and the rhino. D. The saola and the rhino are thought to be endangered species in Viet Nam.

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136. The giant panda's natural habitat is shrinking.

A. The habitat for the giant panda is getting bigger. B. The habitat for the giant panda is getting smaller. C. The habitat for the giant panda is staying the same. D. The habitat for the giant panda is increasing.

137. Baby sea turtles are the most vulnerable when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea.

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A. Baby sea turtles are the most unsafe when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea. B. Baby sea turtles are the safest when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea. C. Baby sea turtles are the happiest when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea. D. Baby sea turtles really enjoy when they leave their nests and make their way to the sea.

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donate.

138. He started donating to rhino conservation organizations five years ago, and now he still continues to A. He donated to rhino conservation organizations for five years. B. He has been donating to rhino conservation organizations for five years. Page 221

C. He will have donated to rhino conservations for five years by the end of next year. D. He used to donate to rhino conservation organizations, but he stopped last year.

B. Animals become extinct mainly because of habitat destruction. C. Animals become extinct mainly because of poaching D. Neither habitat destruction nor poaching causes animals to go

FI CI A

A. In addition to habitat destruction, animals become extinct due to poaching.

139. Animals become extinct due to both habitat destruction and poaching.

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C. or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

140. People cut down trees for agricultural land. Wild animals have less natural habitat.

A. People cut down trees for agricultural land because wild animals have less natural habitat. B. People cut down trees for agricultural land, for wild animals have less natural habitat. C. Wild animals have less natural habitat, so people cut down trees for agricultural land.

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D. Wild animals have less natural habitat because people cut down trees for agricultural land. 141. The government launches anti-poaching campaigns. Lives of many rare animals are saved. A. Unless the government launches anti-poaching campaigns, lives of many rare animals are saved.

B. If the government launches anti-poaching campaigns, lives of many rare animals are saved. C. If lives of many rare animals are saved, the government launches anti-poaching campaigns. D. Unless lives of many rare animals are saved, the government launches anti-poaching campaigns. 142. People use pesticides and fertilizers. They want to increase crop production.

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A. People want to increase crop production, so they use pesticides and fertilizers. B. Unless people want to increase crop production, they use pesticides and fertilizers. C. People want to increase crop production because they use pesticides and fertilizers. D. People want to increase crop production, for they use pesticides and fertilizers. 143. Many elephants are poached. Their tusks are used to make valuable ivory objects.

A. As many elephants are poached, their tusks are used to make valuable ivory objects.

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B. Unless many elephants are poached, their tusks are used to make valuable ivory objects. C. Many elephants are poached because their tusks are used to make valuable ivory objects. D. Many elephants are poached, so their tusks are used to make valuable ivory objects. 144. A Komodo is called a dragon. It looks like a big lizard.

A. A Komodo is called a dragon because it looks like a big lizard.

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B. A Komodo is called a dragon, so it looks like a big lizard. C. A Komodo is called a dragon, for it looks like a big lizard. D. Although a Komodo is called a dragon, it looks like a big lizard. Page 222

145. Komodo dragons are not endangered. They are considered vulnerable. A. Komodo dragons are considered vulnerable because they are not endangered. C. Komodo dragons are not endangered, and they are considered vulnerable.

FI CI A

D. Not only Komodo dragons are not endangered, they are considered vulnerable.

B. Although Komodo dragons are not endangered, they are considered vulnerable.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Unit 7. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

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PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY • activate /ˈæktɪveɪt/ (v): kích hoạt • algorithm /ˈælɡərɪðəm/ (n): thuật toán • artificial intelligence /ˌɑːtɪfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪɡəns/ (n.phr): trí tuệ nhân tạo • automated /ˈɔːtəmeɪtɪd/ (a): tự động • call for /kɔːl fɔː(r)/ (v): kêu gọi • cyber-attack /ˈsaɪbərətæk/ (n): tấn công mạng • exterminate /ɪkˈstɜːmɪneɪt/ (v): tiêu diệt • faraway /ˈfɑːrəweɪ/ (a): xaxôi • hacker /ˈhækə(r)/ (n): tin tặc • implant /ɪmˈplɑːnt/ (v): cấy ghép • incredible /ɪnˈkredəbl/ (a): đáng kinh ngạc • intervention /ˌɪntəˈvenʃn/ (n): sự can thiệp • malfunction /ˌmælˈfʌŋkʃn/ (n): sự trục trặc • navigation /ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃn/ (n): sự đi lại trên biển hoặc trên không • overpopulation /ˌəʊvəˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ (n): sự quá tải dân số • resurrect /ˌrezəˈrekt/ (v): làm sống lại, phục hồi • unbelievable /ˌʌnbɪˈliːvəbl/ (a): khó tin GRAMMAR THE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE CAUSATIVES (THỂ SAI KHIẾN CHỦ ĐỘNG VÀ BỊ ĐỘNG) Thể sai khiến được dùng khi chủ ngữ muốn sắp xếp người khác làm điều gì đó thay cho họ nghĩa là chủ ngữ yêu cầu, sai bảo, nhờ vả hay trả tiền cho người khác làm việc đó. 1. The active causatives (Thể sai khiến chủ động) Chúng ta dùng thể sai khiến chủ động khi muốn đề cập đến người thực hiện hành động Form: S + have + somebody + bare-infinitive .../ S + get + somebody + to -infinitive ... E.g: - I have my brother repair my bike. (Tôi nhờ anh trai sửa xe đạp cho mình.)

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- I get the kids to carry the boxes. (Tôi nhờ bọn trẻ mang mấy cái hộp.) 2. The passive causatives (Thể sai khiến bị động) Chúng ta dùng thể sai khiến bị động khi không muốn hoặc không cần đề cập đến người thực hiện hành động. Form: S + have + something + past participle ... /S + get + something + past participle... E.g: He had/ got his hair cut. Ngoài ra, cấu trúc "have something done" còn được dùng để nói về điều gì đó xấu hay không tốt đẹp đã xảy ra cho người nào đó. Page 223

FI CI A

E.g: I had my bag stolen on the bus last week. ~ My bag was stolen on the bus last week. 3. Một số cấu trúc câu sai khiến khác a. make/ force Form: S + make + O (person) + bare -infinitive.../S + force + O (person) + to infinitive... E.g: My mother makes me go to bed early. (Mẹ tôi bắt tôi đi ngủ sớm.) b. let/ permit/ allow Form: S + let + O (person) + bare-infinitive.../ S + permit/allow + O (person) + to infinitive... E.g: She lets her children play soccer here. (Cô ấy để cho/cho phép các con đá bóng ở đây.) c. help Lưu ý: Nếu tân ngữ sau help là một đại từ chung chung thì ta có thể bỏ cả tân ngữ lẫn to mà chỉ dùng mỗi V (bare) E.g: This policy will help (people to) get access to healthcare more easily.

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Bài 2: Change the sentences into the structure "have + something + past participle" or "get + something + past participle". 1. I washed my car. (have)  ________________________ 2. I cut my hair, (get)  ________________________ 3. I typed the documents, (have)  ________________________ 4. I fixed my washing machine, (get)  ________________________ 5. I cut my grass, (have)  ________________________ 6. I painted my bedroom, (get)  ________________________ 7. I repaired my fridge, (have)  ________________________ 8. I tidied my garden, (get)  ________________________ 9. I edited the article, (have)  ________________________ 10. I cleaned the carpets, (get)  ________________________ Page 224

D. repeating

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D. had D. finished D. stolen

D. leaving D. to have

D. comply

D. finishing

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D. cutted D. help

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Bài 4: Put the verbs in the correct form. 1. I'm going to have Michael _______ (look) into my laptop to see what is wrong. 2. Her father will not let the girl _______ (marry) with that poor guy. 3. I made my cousin _______ (call) her and apologize. 4. I really must get a plumber _______ (fix) the central heating. 5. They ought to have someone _______ (replace) the broken windows. 6. The instructor made her students _______ (write) an essay about their hometown. 7. The boss had his secretary _______ (call) Ms. Mai. 8. He may have the car _______ (sell). 9. I had already got my hair _______ (cut). 10. I'll get Tim _______ (do) it when he comes home. 11. The students were made _______ (come) earlier. 12. I got my mother _______ (do) it.

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3. Lisa broke her leg some weeks ago but she's much better now. In fact, the doctors will be taking the plaster off tomorrow. Page 225

4. Since Mark made a lot of money, he's not content with this small house, so an architects designed him a big new house. 5. I heard that Mrs. Brown didn't trust her husband so she hired a detective to follow him.

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Bài 6: Complete the sentences using the correct form of "have something done" and the words in brackets. 1. We usually _______ (the bedrooms / redecorate) every two years. 2. Sarah isn't making her own wedding dress, she _______ (it / make) by a designer in Italy. 3. _______ (you / ever/ anything / steal) from your house? 4. He didn't fix his car himself, he _______ (it / fix) at the garage. 5. Your hair is too long. You need _______ (it / cut). 6. I'm going to do my food shopping online and I _______ (the food / deliver) to my house. 7. If you can't see properly, you should _______ (your eyes / test). 8. Are they going to paint the kitchen themselves, or _______ (it / paint)?

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Bài 7: Choose the best answer. 1. Camera footage shows that illegal goods _______ into the warehouse last week. A. are being smuggled B. smuggled C. are smuggled D. were smuggled 2. Millions of tons of coal _______ every day to produce energy. A. are burning B. are burnt C. burnt D. will burn 3. According to studies, single women often lack satisfactory life Insurance coverage and 64 percent of American women _______ life insurance at all. A. aren't carried B. don't carry C. weren't carried D. didn't carry 4. The taste of the coffee _______ by how and where the coffee bean is grown. A. should have affected B. has to be affected C. can be affected D. could affect 5. Many teachers agree that one's language skills _______ by listening to others. A. could have improved B. can improve C. used to improved D. can be improved 6. The board _______ to consider a range of options by many, including Microsoft raising its offer in an attempt to break the stalemate between the companies. A. was expected B. is expecting C. will expect D. has expected 7. New methods of dating ancient footprints show that the first Americans _______ there at least 25,000 years earlier than thought. A. must be settled B. should be settled C. can settle D. may have settled 8. The CSU team today _______ an updated forecast that predicts eight hurricanes – four of them with winds exceeding 110 miles. A. has released B. may be released C. had released D. is released 9. There are many factors behind the sharp increase in the oil price, which _______ most of the time. A. had been overlooked B. have been overlooked C. are overlooking D. will overlook 10. The hundreds of millions of people who live on the border of poverty _______ with the threat of starvation now. Page 226

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A. are faced B. had faced C. had bee faced D. faced 11. When I _______ him two weeks ago, he told me that he had returned from the South of France. A. met B. have met C. will be met D. may be met 12. As education, culture and the level of income _______ better, needs also expand and reach new dimensions. A. got B. get C. getting D. to get 13. When he heard the accusations against him, the man _______ that he himself was the actual victim of the crime. A. alleged B. was alleged C. has alleged D. will be alleged 14. As I have put on weight recently, I have to get the tailor _______ my suit before my graduation ceremony. A. fix B. fixed C. to fixing D. to fix 15. The best thing that you can do to extend the life of your car is to have your car _______ on a routine basis. A. to service B. to be serviced C. service D. serviced

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5. We are going to have it enlarged.

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Bài 2: Change the sentences into the structure "have + something + past participle" or "get + something + past participle". 1. I had my car washed. 2. I got my haircut. 3. I had the documents typed. 4. I had my washing machine fixed. 5. I had my grass cut. 6. I got my bedroom painted. 7. I had my fridge repaired. 8. I got my garden tidied. 9. I had the article edited. 10. I got the carpets cleaned.

6. C

2. A

7. C

3. C

8. B

4. D

9. B

5. A

1. A

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Bài 3: Choose the best answer.

10. A

Bài 4: Put the verbs in the correct form.

7. call

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1. look 2. marry

8. sold

3. call

9. cut

4. to fix

10. to do

5. replace

11. to come

6. write

12. to do

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Bài 5: Replace the underlined phrase with the structure "have something done". 1. Mary has had her hair dyed. 2. I'm having blinds fitted on the windows. 3. Lisa will have the plaster taken off tomorrow./ Lisa will be having the plaster taken off tomorrow. 4. Mark had a big new house designed. 5. Mrs. Brown had her husband followed. Bài 6: Complete the sentences using the correct form of "have something done" and the words in brackets. 1. have the bedrooms redecorated Page 228

Bài 7: Choose the best answer. 6. A

11. A

2. B

7. D

12. B

3. B

8. A

13. A

4. C

9. B

14. D

5. D

10. A

15. D

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2. is having it made 3. Have you ever had anything stolen 4. had it fixed 5. to have it cut 6. am going to have the food delivered 7. have your eyes tested 8. are they going to have it painted

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Bài 8: Use "have something done" to rewrite the sentences. 1. He has all his shoes made in Italy. 2. Harry had the article translated. 3. Did she have the skirt shortened? 4. My son is having his eyes tested. 5. He will have his car repainted. 6. You can have your mail collected. 7. We had our garage built last year. 8. Philip isn't here - he is having his hair cut. 9. I am going to have a copy of the contract written. 10. How long have you been having meat delivered? TEST 1

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A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. sprinkle B. slice C. versatile D. combine 2. A. algorithm B. threat C. thousand D. theory 3. A. garnish B. drain C. tender D. sprinkle 4. A. return B. repair C. resurrect D. response 5. A. garnish B. dip C. slice D. grill 6. A. hacker B. automated C. application D. navigate II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. ingredient B. tablespoon C. recipe D. benefit 2. A. business B. intention C. endangered D. extinction 3. A. ingredient B. traditional C. avocado D. significant 4. A. interfere B. understand C. resurrect D. estimate 5. A. cucumber B. delicious C. tomato D. nutritious Page 229

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B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR I. Give the correct form of the words. 1. Fourteen people were arrested for ____launching_____ a cyber- attack on the company's website. LAUNCH 2. Fur seals were nearly ____exterminated_____ a few years ago. EXTERMINATION 3. Aid workers are having to deal with very difficult, sometimes life- __threatening___ situation. THREAT 4. Futurist Ray Kurzweil imagined a world in which humans and computers would have the same ___capabilities____. CAPABLE 5. We see that artificial ______intelligence_____ has made daily life a lot easier. INTELLIGENT 6. Computed methods for _____automated______ reasoning, learning and perception have become a common phenomenon in our everyday lives. AUTOMATION 7. It is best to take advantage of all of the ____incredible_____ things that we have access to artificial intelligence. INCREDIBLY 8. Earlier this year, the Washington Post reported on an algorithm ____developed__ by Google that could potentially let self-driving cars learn to drive through experience. DEVELOPMENT 9. AI Technology has also been able to _____resurrect_____ dead stars, like Michael Jackson. SURRECT 10. Set in the near future, the film Her tells the story of a lonely writer who forms a strong attachment to his ____operating___ system's AI, which chooses to identify itself as Samantha. OPERATE II. Rewrite the following using the causative form. 1. I had someone paint the gate last week. I had the gate painted last week. 2. Someone will have you type the letter for me. Someone will have the letter typed for me. 3. I am going to have Peter wash my car tomorrow. I am going to have my car washed by Peter tomorrow. 4. They have him tell the story again. They have the story told again by him. 5. Have you had someone repair your shoes yet? Have you had your shoes repaired yet? 6. Does Mrs. Green have them carry those books back home? Does Mrs. Green have those books carried back home? 7. They had a boy scot pick the bag up. They had the bag picked up by a boy scot. 8. The teacher has just had someone arrange the desks and the chairs. The teacher has just had the desks and the chairs arranged. 9. My mother has the gardener water the flowers every morning. My mother has the flowers watered by the gardener every morning. 10. Doris had her mother buy a new dress for her. Doris had a new dress bought for her by her mom. 11. Can you have your brother do this work? Can you have this work done by your brother. 12. The family had someone paint the house for TET. The family had the house painted for TET. 13. She had someone translate the document into Vietnamese two days ago. She had the document translated into Vietnamese two days ago. 14 I'll have someone make a new dress. Page 230

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I will have a new dress made. 15 You must have someone repair your computer next week. You must have your computer repaired next week. III. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. By inventing revolutionary new technologies, such a super intelligence might help us eradicate war, disease and poverty. A. exterminate B. illiterate C. erect D. generate 2. An Al arms race could inadvertently lead to an Al war that also results in mass casualties. A. regeneration B. mortality C. devastation D. conflict 3. If a super intelligent system is tasked with an ambitious project, it might wreak havoc with our ecosystem as a side effect. A. an adverse effect B. a great benefit C. a positive effect D. some merit 4. Thanks to recent breakthroughs, many Al milestones have now been reached, making many experts take seriously the possibility of super intelligence in our lifetime. A. setbacks B. drawbacks C. landmarks D. commence 5. The door we escaped through had an automatic lock but we didn't know that. A. manual B. hand-operated C. intentional D. preprogrammed 6. Al or Robots can easily adapt to each student's individual learning needs and can target instruction based on their strengths and weaknesses. A. familiarize itself with B. preserve itself for C. come to terms without D. stay unstable 7. Artificial intelligence can be utilized in carrying out repetitive and time-consuming tasks efficiently. A. eliminated B. exploited C. displaced D. operated 8. Thinking machines will govern all the fields and populate the positions that humans occupy, leaving thousands of people jobless. A. complement B. occupy C. dominate D. program 9. The system will provide a full set of alarms if it is malfunctioning. A. out of word B. beyond repair C. under control D. on the blink 10. With the rise of computers, the process of doing manual work has been decreased to a great extent. A. automatic B. mechanical C. hand-operated D. mental IV. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Robots may perform specific functions - such as lifting objects, or repeatedly performing the same action over and over. A. repeatedly B. again and again C. few and far between D. persistently 2. When computers advanced, they would merge with other technologies, such as nanotechnology and robotics. A. integrate B. unite C. incorporate D. split 3. Humans will have to become more adept at things that machines can't do, namely dealing with other humans, and social skills will beat cognitive skills in the marketplace. A. expert B. master C. amateur D. professional 4. While technologies will continue to become exponentially more powerful, the decisions we make are still our own. A. speedily B. instantly C. leisurely D. hastily

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5. Smart devices can enhance our perceptions, arms us with knowledge, and transform themselves to become cyborgs. A. intensify B. magnify C. boost D. diminish 6. Since intelligent robots are machines with metal bodies, they are more resistant and have greater ability to endure the space and hostile atmosphere. A. strong B. endurable C. unsusceptible D. vulnerable 7. Amazon, the major electronic commerce company, has recently come up with an ingenious idea about its delivery. A. thinking out of the box B. innovative C. unimaginative D. on the ball 8. Unlike human baristas, it can serve multiple drinks at once and work all day and night without a break. A. day in and day out B. many a time and oft C. time and time again D. once in a blue moon 9. Although robots certainly help us to eliminate tedious tasks, many people are concerned about a future filled with robots. A. deadly-dull B. exciting C. run-of-the-mill D. as dry as dust 10. These ideas of the robot rebellion, in which robots become so smart that they may decide to turn on their masters, may seem a bit far-fetched. A. beyond the bounds of possibility B. difficult to believe C. incredible D. likely V. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. James had his nose ____ in a fight A. break B. to break C. breaking D. broken 2. Frank had his passport ____ on a train. A. stealing B. to steal C. stolen D. steal 3. Fred had his hat ____ off in the wind. A. blow B. blown C. blowing D. to blow 4. George had his papers ____ at the police station. A. take B. to take C. taking D. taken 5. Bill is having his shoes ____. A. shined B. to shine C. chinning D. shine 6. I am going to have a new house ____. A. build B. to build C. built D. building 7. I'll have the boys ____ the chairs. A. paint B. to paint C. painted D. painting 8. I will have your car ____ by the end of the day. A. to repair B. repair C. repaired D. repairing 9. Robots could even be part of security alerting you to possible fires that you are under ____ of. A. risk B. danger C. pressure D. threat 10. Have these flowers ____ to her office, please. A. taken B. taking C. take D. to take 11. You should have your car ____ before going. A. servicing B. to service C. service D. serviced 12. I'll have a new dress ____ for my daughter. A. making B. to make C. make D. made 13. You should ____ a professional to check your house for earthquake damage. A. have B. make C. take D. get Page 232

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14. As we may have seen in many films such as the Matrix, or iRobot, robots have the ____ to ruin our lives if something were to go wrong. A. achievement B. success C. potential D. talent 15. Pupils should have their eyes ____ regularly. A. tested B. to test C. test D. testing 16. Lisa had the roof ____ yesterday. А. repair B. repaired C. to repair D. repairing 17. They have just had air conditioning ____ in their house. A. install B. to install C. installed D. installing 18. We rarely have our luggage ____ by porters. A. carried B. carry C. to carry D. been carried 19. Microsoft says that the app Cortana continually learns about its users and it will eventually develop the ability to ____ users' needs. A. anticipate B. imagine C. link D. indicate 20. We had the room ____ yesterday. A. decorates B. had decorated C. decorated D. decorating 21. The villagers have had the use of this washing machine ____ by this engineer. A. explain B. explained C. to explain D. explains 22. By ____ the housework done, we have time to further our studies. A. taking B. to have C. having D. to get 23. Although it's fine for figures like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawking to raise ____ about the dangers of artificial intelligence, the majority of computer scientists agree that these problems are far away. A. existence B. problem C. awareness D. idea 24. Speech ____ is the ability of the computer to understand a human talking to it. A. recommendation B. recognition C. acceptance D. realization 25. The government has had new houses ____ in the rural areas. A. build B. built C. to be built D. building 26. NASA has had an autonomous spaceship ____ the universe recently. A. exploring B. explore C. explored D. to explore 27. She is going to have her wedding dress ____. A. cutting B. cuts C. cut D. to cut 28. Smartphones are a great example of the ____ of artificial intelligence. A. application B. request C. programme D. relation 29. AI enables computers to do some things better than humans, especially when it comes to ____ very large amounts of data quickly, efficiently, and accurately. A. process B. processing C. procession D. be processed 30. It's about time you had your house ____. A. whitewash B. whitewashed C. whitewashing D. to whitewash C. READING I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space. ability adapt interpret arise trained navigate artificial range diagnosis system APPLICATIONS AND USERS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A neural network is an electronic model of the brain consisting of many interconnected simple processors. This imitates how your actual brain works. Applications of (1) __ artificial __ neural systems consist of vision systems, speech recognition, handwriting recognition and intelligent robots. Page 233

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Artificial Intelligence is used to (2) ____ interpret ___ and understand an image in industrial, military use, or in satellite photo interpretation. Police use the computer to come up with a photo fit drawing of a criminal, and doctors use the system to make (3) ___ diagnosis ___ of patient. Speech recognition is the (4) __ ability ___ of the computer to understand a human talking to it. There are many problems associated with this - humans have different accents, slang words, noise in the background, feeling poorly (flu, cold, etc.). This means that the computer has to be (5) ___ trained ____ to recognize the voice of the human. Honda CRV has the following (6) ___ range ___ of voice commands that the driver can use while driving - using the mobile phone, turning the temperature up or down, turning the air conditioner on or off, asking the car to (7) ___ navigate____ using the satellite navigation system, turning the radio on or off or up or down. An intelligent robot has many different sensors, large processors and a large memory in order to show that they have intelligence. The robots will learn from their mistakes and be able to (8) ____ adapt ____ to any new situation that may (9) ___ arise ____. An intelligent robot can be programmed with its own expert (10) ____ system ___. For example, a factory is blocked with fallen boxes, then an intelligent robot will remember this and take a different route. II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. We won't have robot doctors for a long time, (1) ____ the human doctors we have now are beginning to learn on specialized artificial intelligence to help save time. Google DeepMind has just announced a partnership with University College London Hospital(UCLH) which will explore (2) ____ artificial intelligence to treat patients with head and neck cancers. The goal is to develop tools to automatically identify cancerous cells for radiology machines. Currently, radiologists employ a manual process, called image (3) ____, to make CT and MRI scans and use them to create a map of the patient's anatomy with clear guidelines of where to direct the (4) ____. Avoiding healthy areas of the head and neck requires that map to be extraordinarily detailed; typically it takes four hours to create. Google believes it can do the same job or better in one hour. DeepMind, Google's research arm, works primarily in deep learning, a form of artificial intelligence that learns to identify patterns from looking at large amount of data. In this case, DeepMind researchers will (5) ____ access to anonymized radiology scans from up to 700 former UCLH patients, and then feed them into (6) ____ that would process the scans to learn the visual difference between healthy and cancerous tissue. The partnership will (7) ____ researchers to train their algorithms with highly-specialized, highquality data, which theoretically will enable the algorithm to (8) ____ at a higher rate of success than if they had been using publicly available scans. For those concerned about machines making health (9) ____ decisions, UCLH made it clear in a statement to the newspaper Guardian that clinicians will be in complete control of diagnoses and treatment. DeepMind isn't the first care. Samsung Medison, the South Korean (10) ____ company's medical device arm, recently released an ultrasound machine that uses deep learning to quickly recommend whether breast tissue is cancerous or benign. The machine's algorithm was trained on 9,000 breast tissue scans, and is pending FDA approval in the US. 1. A. what B. why C. when D. but 2. A. using B. translating C. expressing D. performing 3. A. judgment B. discovery C. segmentation D. identification 4. A. intelligence B. radiation C. level D. strength 5. A. grow B. ask C. repair D. obtain 6. A. limit B. distance C. algorithms D. arrangement Page 234

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7. A. move B. allow C. sail D. stop 8. A. perform B. access C. adopt D. change 9. A. develop B. exist C. rise D. care 10. A. way B. method C. technology D. organization III. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 6. FIRST TIME IN THE AIR When John Mills was going to fly in an aero plane for the first time, he was frightened. He did not like the idea of being thousands of feet up in the air. "I also didn't like the fact that I wouldn't be in control," says John. "I'm a terrible passenger in the car. When somebody else is driving, I tell them what to so. It drives everybody crazy." However John couldn't avoid flying any longer. It was the only way he could visit his grandchildren in Canada. "I had made up my mind that I was going to do it, I couldn't let my son, his wife and their three children travel all the way here to visit me. It would be so expensive for them and I know Tom's business isn't doing so well at the moment - it would also be tiring for the children - it's a nine-hour flight!" he says. To get ready for the flight John did lots of reading about aero planes. When he booked his seat, he was told that he would be flying on a Boeing 747, which is better known as a jumbo jet. "I needed to know as much as possible before getting in that plane. I suppose it was a way of making myself feel better. The Boeing 747 is the largest passenger aircraft in the world at the moment. The first one flew on February 9th 1969 in the USA. It can carry up to 524 passengers and 3.400 pieces of luggage. The fuel for aero planes is kept in the wings and the 747 is wings are so big that they can carry enough fuel for an average car to be able to travel 16,000 kilometers a year for 70 years. Isn't that unbelievable? Even though I had discovered all this very interesting information about the jumbo, when I saw it for the first time, just before I was going to travel to Canada, I still couldn't believe that something so enormous was going to get up in the air and fly. I was even more impressed when I saw how big it was inside with hundreds of people!" The biggest surprise of all for John was the flight itself. "The take-off itself was much smoother than I expected although I was still quite scared until we were in the air. In the end, I managed to relax, enjoy the food and watch one of the movies and the view from the window was spectacular. I even managed to sleep for a while! Of course," continues John, "the best reward of all was when I arrived in Canada and saw my son and his family, particularly my beautiful grandchildren. Suddenly, I felt so silly about all the years when I couldn't even think of getting on a plane. I had let my fear of living stop me from seeing the people I love most in the world. I can visit my son and family as often as I like now!" 1. Why did John Mills fly in an aero plane? A. He wanted to go on holiday. B. He wanted to try it. C. He wanted to see his family. D. He had to travel on business. 2. Why did John read about aero plane? A. He wanted to know how they work. B. It was his hobby C. It made him feel safer. D. He had found a book on them. 3. What happened when he saw the jumbo jet for the first time? A. He felt much safer. B. He liked the shape of it. C. He couldn't believe how big it was. D. He thought the wings were very small 4. How did John feel when the aero plane was taking off? A. excited B. happy C. sad D. frightened 5. What surprised John most about the flight? Page 235

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A. That he liked the food. B. That he was able to sleep. C. That there was a movie being shown. D. That the view was good. 6. How did John feel about his fears in the end? A. He thought he had wasted time being afraid. B. He realized it was okay to be afraid. C. He hoped his grandchildren weren't afraid of flying. D. He realized that being afraid kept him safe. IV. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8. The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters. These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria. But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi. Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet. The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins. And so in the decades of the 1920's and 1930's, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters. In the 1940's and 1950's, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health. They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function. Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage. You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genes - the blueprints for each of the enzymes - and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseases - diabetes, cystic fibrosis. These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture. Biotechnology has become a multi billion dollar industry. In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight. When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the funtions of the brain. What to call them? The head hunters. I will return to them later. 1. What is the main topic of the passage? A. The microbe hunters. B. The potential of genetic engineering. C. The progress of modern medical research. D. The discovery of enzymes. 2. The word “incriminated” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to ____. A. blamed B. eliminated C. investigated D. produced 3. Which of the following can be cured by a change in diet? A. Tuberculosis B. Cholera C. Cystique fibroses D. Pell Agra 4. The word "strived" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to ____. A. studied B. tried C. experimented D. failed 5. How do vitamins influence health? A. They protect the body from microbes. B. They are broken down by cells to produce energy. C. They keep food from spoiling. D. They are necessary for some enzymes to function. Page 236

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6. The phrase "occupy the spotlight" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ____. A. go to furthest B. lighten to load C. conquer territory D. receive the most attention 7. The author implies that the most important medical research topic of the future will be ____. A. the functions of the brain B. inherited diseases C. the operation of vitamins D. the structure of genes 8. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? A. Most diseases are caused by defective genes. B. The focus of medical research will change in the next two decades. C. Medical research throughout the twentieth century has been dominated by microbe hunters. D. Medical breakthroughs often depend on luck. D. WRITING I. Rewrite the following sentences using causative. 1. I had my nephew paint the gate last week. I had the gate painted last week. 2. She will have Peter wash her car tomorrow. She will have her car washed tomorrow. 3. They have her tell the story again. They have the story told again. 4. John gets his sister to clean his shirt. John gets his shirt cleaned. 5. Anne has had a friend type her composition. Anne has had her composition typed. 6. Rick will have a barber cut his hair. Rick will have his hair cut. 7. I will get the dressmaker to make a new dress. I will get a new dress made. 8. He had a mechanic repair his car. He had his car repaired. 9. She often gets the technician to maintain the heater. She often gets the heater maintained. 10. They had the police arrest the shoplifter. They had the shoplifter arrested. 11. Are you going to have the shoemaker repair your shoes? Are you going to have your shoes repaired. 12. I must have the dentist check my teeth. I must have my teeth checked. 13. She will have a veterinary surgeon examine her dog. She will have her dog examined. 14. We had a man take this photograph when we were on holiday last summer. We had this photograph taken when we were on holiday last summer. 15. The Greens had a carpet cleaner clean their carpet. The Greens had their carpet cleaned. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. She quit the job because the salary was too low.

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If it hadn’t been for the low salary/ the salary hadn’t been so low, she wouldn’t have quit the job. 2. Because the clothes were too dirty, it took her 2 hours to do the washing. Because of the dirty clothes, it took her 2 hours to do the washing. 3. Jackie outran all the other runners in the recent marathon. Jackie was the fastest runner in the recent marathon. 4. "Have all these paperwork finished before you go out OK?" said her boss. Her boss told her to finish all those/ the paperwork before going out. 5. You must have your car fixed soon or it's going to break down in the middle of nowhere and you'll get big trouble. Your car needs fixing soon or it’s going to break down in the middle of nowhere and you'll get big trouble. 6. Although the desk was of large size, little Maggie managed to lift it up long enough. In spite of the desk’s large size/ the large size of the desk, little Maggie managed to lift it up long enough. 7. "Could you please open the door for me, it's a bit stuffy in here?" said Laura to her colleague. Laura kindly asked her colleague to open the door for her as it was a bit stuffy in there. 8. I dislike it when my little brother tries to blame me for his petty tricks. I object to my little brother trying to blame me for his petty tricks. III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. It is fairly unlikely that the teacher will accept such a feeble excuse. There is little likelihood that the teacher will accept such a feeble excuse. 2. You wouldn't find a more spacious room at this price in such a crowded city like Hanoi. This room is the most spacious one you can find at this price in such a crowded city like Hanoi. 3. I won't ever let her down in any way. In no way will I ever let her down. 4. "You shouldn't eat too much sugar now that you've got diabetes." said the doctor to my grandpa. It is the doctor's recommendation that my grandpa (should) not eat too much sugar now that he’s got diabetes. 5. "Whatever obstacle may let you down, don't ever give up on your dream." said her mother. Her mother encouraged her not to give up on her dream whatever obstacle may let you down. 6. The reason why he's studying so hard is that he wants to win a scholarship. With a view to winning a scholarship, he’s studying so hard. 7. He gave me lots of gifts on my 18th birthday. Lots of gifts were given to take by him on my 18th birthday. 8. "Please stay here with me." said the girl in tears to her boyfriend. The girl in tears begged her boyfriend to stay there with her. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. spread B. cream C. bread D. head 2. A. exterminate B. extend C. expand D. example 3. A. sugar B. stew C. sauce D. steam 4. A. interfere B. incredible C. intervention D. ending 5. A. grate B. shallot C. marinate D. staple 6. A navigation B. activate C. faraway D. malfunction II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. futurist B. malfunction C. consequence D. activate 2. A promote B. diverse C. language D. combine Page 238

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3. A. exterminator B. singularity C. technological D. similarity 4. A. librarian B. experiment C. historical D. entertain 5. A. incredible B. exterminate C. exponential D. humanity III. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. I'll have another key ____. A. made B. making C. to make D. make 2. Do you have a newspaper ____ to your home? A. deliver B. delivered C. to deliver D. delivering 3. I have not had the film ____ yet. A. develop B. to develop C. developing D. developed 4. She had her hair ____ yesterday. A. done B. do C. to do D. doing 5. Have her ____ these letters, please. A. type B. to type C. typed D. typing 6. Robots can act as 24/7 ____ to children with disabilities or the elderly. A. equipment B. devices C. aids D. contribution 7. Artificial intelligence is often the technology deployed to ____ the type of fraud that may be committed on your bank account. A. monitor B. listen C. request D. recognize 8. We have just had the carpenter ____ this chair. A. made B. make C. to make D. making 9. What did you do this morning? We ____ the room whitewashed. A. had B. have C. got to D. order 10. I have had my room ____ today. A. clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned 11. ____ robots are machines, there is no need for sleep. A. Although B. As C. Therefore D. When 12. The students got the librarian ____ books for them. A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. buying 13. John had just had his brother ____ a house for him on Fifth Avenue. A. building B. build C. to build D. built 14. Let's have our waiter ____ some coffee. A. bring B. to bring C. bringing D. brought 15. You ought to have your coat ____. A. clean and press B. cleaned and pressed C. cleaning and pressing D. cleaning and pressed 16. The term 'Artificial Intelligence' was originally ____ by John McCarthy at a conference in which he ____ it as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines". A. formed - defined B. formed - explained C. shaped - explained D. shaped defined 17. He couldn't afford to ____ his car repaired. A. pay B. make C. do D. get 18. The teacher had the students ____ their test. A. hand in B. handed in C. handing in D. having handed in 19. The students got the librarian ____ books for them. A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. buying

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20. Why don't you have that coat ____? A. cleaned B. clean C. cleaning D. to clean 21. Artificial Intelligence (AI) ____ to the "intelligence" of machinery. A. talks B. adds C. mentions D. refers 22. We had a professional photographer ____ pictures of everyone who participated in our wedding. A. take B. to take C. took D. takes 23. She doesn't like having her picture ____. A. take B. taken C. taking D. to take 24. I'm sorry I'm late, but I ____ my watch ____ on the way here. A. have/ cleaned B. had/ clean C. had/ cleaned D. had/ to clean 25. Please have the cleaner ____ this meeting room. A. sweep B. swept C. sweeping D. to sweep 26. There is no doubt that the technology of artificial intelligence in the wrong ____ can cause mass destruction. A. persons B. controls C. fingers D. hands 27. Intelligent robots carry out many different tasks such as ____ delivery in a factory, pipe inspection, and exploration of dangerous environments. A. independent B. automatic C. automating D. automated 28. I'd like to have my shoes ____ at one. A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. being repaired 29. My grandmother had a tooth ____ last week. A. fill B. filling C. filled D. to be filled 30. We had the roof ____ last year. A. mend B. mending C. mended D. being mended IV. Give the correct form of the words. 1. The concept of the artificial intelligence system is based on ____evolution____ Darwinian. EVOLUTING 2. Insecticides are agricultural chemicals that __exterminate___ insects harmful to plants. EXTERMINATION 3. We hope that cancer will not be ___recognized___ as a life- threatening disease. RECOGNIZE 4. The intelligence of machines would exceed that of humans - a moment that futurists call the __singularity__. SINGULAR 5. The burglar alarm is ____activated____ by movement. ACTIVATE 6. He has succeeded in ____resurrecting______ his career in television. RESURRECT 7. The drug caused a ______malfunction______ in the brain. FUNCTION 8. So far, only one person has survived an operation to ___implant__ an artificial heart. IMPLANTING V. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. customer package electronic artificial robots delivery communicate ingenious chores example Some robots may take care of the dishes, do your laundry, keep the house clean, or even go to the store to do your shopping. Robots that use (1) ____ artificial _____ intelligence are the ones that a lot of people are holding out for. Not only will these robots be able to take care of, but they will be able to learn as well. There are some types of robots that already use a form of (2) ____ chores ____ artificial intelligence called "swarm intelligence". As a(n) (3) ____ example ____ of how this works, scientists have created Page 240

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underwater robots that will be used to repair coral reefs that have been damaged. What these robots do is work together to rebuild damaged reefs. As they (4) ___ communicate ___, each one knows what has been done in one area of a reef and can help build other areas or build onto something that another robot has done. Working together, the (5) ____ robots ____ create a new reef that can then be left to grow and thrive on its own. Amazon, the major (6) ____ electronic _____ commerce company, has recently come out an (7) ____ ingenious ____ idea. Instead of having a package delivered to a (8) ____ customer ____ via delivery truck, Amazon will send out flying drones that will bring a package to a person's house for (9) ___ delivery ___ almost immediately. Just think about how amazing it would be when you order a small item from Amazon, choose immediate delivery, and within an hour a drone lands in your front yard and leaves your (10) ____ package _____ for you. These types of robots could turn out to be a dream come true for customers who like to get their orders super fast. VI. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. It's only natural that people want to use the latest innovations to better themselves. Smart devices can truly do incredible things and (1) ____ simplify our day. They can also enhance our (2) ____, arms us with knowledge, and transform themselves to become cyborgs. Cyborg is a term used to describe a being that is half human and half (3) ____. This may sound like something out of science-fiction novels, but some people have already adapted this lifestyle. One is artist Neil Harbisson. He was born completely colour-blind, and could only see black and white images. It seemed that he would never (4) ____ colour. After attending a cybernetics talk in college, he met an inventor who agreed to make a special device for him. They designed an eyeborg, a mechanical eye that converted colours into sound frequencies. This enabled Harbisson to hear colour and perceive the world in a different way. He (5) ____ going to museums to "hear" classic paintings. In fact, a simple walk in a different way. He started going to museums to hear classic paintings. In fact, a simple walk down a grocery store filled with colourful products produces some catchy tunes. Harbisson loves his eyeborg so much that he rarely takes it (6) ____. He now gives talks urging others to consider adding their own mechanical improvements. In 1998, British scientist Kevin Warwick conducted his own experiment. He implanted a chip inside of his arm, which he used to control lights and other appliances at home. He later expanded the project (7) ____ placing electrodes inside his nervous system and linking it to the Internet. This allowed him to control external objects including robotic arms, amplifiers, and loudspeakers. His work remains influential as this example of extended sensory input was the first of its kind. If you're interested in becoming a cyborg and you're (8) ____, a good place to start might be with a pair of Google Glass. Users wear it like ordinary eyeglasses, yet Google Glass is equipped with state-the-art electronics. Using voice (9) ____ you can have it take a picture of what you see, see directions right in front of you, or translate your voice into other languages. Hopefully, this experience will help you decide whether becoming a cyborg is right for you, or if you're content to remain a human like the (10) ____ us. 1. A. help on B. help to C. help over D. help out 2. A. jobs B. perceptions C. careers D. offices 3. A. model B. copy C. representation D. machine 4. A. speak B. write C. share D. experience 5. A. started B. gone away C. stayed D. survived 6. A. with B. by C. off D. for 7. A. by B. out in C. out with D. over 8. A. willing B. asking C. making D. doing Page 241

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9. A. causes B. provides C. commands D. transmits 10. A. make out B. make out C. rest of D. turn in VII. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions Although the "lie detectors" are being used by governments, police departments, and businesses that all want guaranteed ways of detecting the truth, the results are not always accurate. Lie detectors are properly called emotion detectors, for their aim is to measure bodily changes that contradict what a person says. The polygraph machine records changes in heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and the electrical activity of the skin (galvanic skin response, or GSR). In the first part of the polygraph test, you are electronically connected to the machine and asked a few neutral questions ("What is your name?", "Where do you live?"). Your physical reactions serve the standard (baseline) for evaluating what comes next. Then you are asked a few critical questions among the neutral ones ("When did you rob the bank?"). The assumption is that if you are guilty, your body will reveal the truth, even if you try to deny it. Your heart rate, respiration, and GSR will change abruptly as you respond to the incriminating questions. That is the theory; but psychologists have found that lie detectors are simply not reliable. Since most physical changes are the same across all emotions, machines cannot tell whether you are feeling guilty, angry, nervous, thrilled, or revved up form an exciting day. Innocent people may be tense and nervous about the whole procedure. They may react physiologically to a certain word ("bank") not because they robbed it, but because they recently bounced a check. In either case the machine will record a "lie". The reverse mistake is also common. Some practiced liars can lie without flinching, and others learn to beat the machine by tensing muscles or thinking about an exciting experience during neutral questions. 1. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Lie detectors distinguish different emotions B. Physical reaction reveal guilty C. Lie detectors make innocent people nervous D. How lie detectors are used and their reliability 2. According to the test, polygraph ____. A. measure a person's thoughts B. always reveal the truth about a person C. make guilty people angry D. record a person's physical reactions 3. According to the passage, what kind of questions is asked on the first part of the polygraph test? A. incriminating B. critical C. emotional D. unimportant 4. The word "ones" in paragraph 1 refers to ____. A. questions B. reactions C. standards D. evaluations 5. The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to ____. A. the question B. your body C. the assumption D. the truth 6. The word "assumption" in paragraph 1 could best be replaced with ____. A. belief B. faith C. statement D. imagining 7. This passage was probably written by a specialist in ____. A. sociology B. anthropology C. criminal psychology D. mind reading VIII. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions. There has been much debate over the past few decades concerning fears that nation will lead to robots replacing human workers on a massive scale. The increasing use of robotics, computers and artificial intelligence is a reality, but its full implications are far from cut and dried. Some forecasts present the future in a utopian way, claiming that robots will take over the tedious heavy work thus freeing up human time and potential, allowing for more Page 242

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creativity and innovation w the other end of spectrum are those who foresee an employment apocalypse, predicting that almost fifty percent of all American jobs could vanish within the next few decades. Former Microsoft chairman Bill Gates states that in 20 years robots could be in place in a number of job categories, particularly those at lower end of the scale in terms of skills. The bottom line is that while the future is always uncertain, robots are a fixture of our society, which is not going to disappear. As with the Industrial Revolution, where machines were utilized in many tasks in place of manual laborers and social upheaval followed, the Digital Revolution is likely to place robots in various jobs. In spite of that, many of today's jobs were not in existence before the Industrial Revolution, such as those of programmers, engineers and data scientists. This leads other experts to criticize this alarmist approach of robot scare-mongering, which is invariably compared to the 19th-century "Luddites". This group was textile workers who feared being displaced by machines and resorted to violence, burning down factories and destroying industrial equipment - their rejection of inevitable progress has come to symbolize mindless ignorance. Needless to say, exactly what new kinds of jobs might exist in the future is difficult to envision at present. Therefore, the crux of the issue is not whether jobs will be lost, but whether the creation of new vacancies will outpace the ever-increasing number of losses and what skills will be required in the future. It is clearly not all doom and gloom, as demand for employees with skills in data analysis, coding, computer science, artificial intelligence and human-machine interface is rising and will continue to do so. Furthermore, the demand for skills in Jobs where humans surpass computers, such as those involving care, creativity and innovative craftmanship, are likely to increase considerably. Ultimately, the key lies in the adaptation of the workforces, through appropriate education and training, to keep pace with our world's technological progress. 1. What is the main concern associated with technological advances in the workplace? A. safety at work B. increased unemployment C. the use of artificial intelligence D. robots taking over the world 2. What do optimists predict technology will allow? A. workplaces to become more relaxing B. a greater enjoyment of life C. flexible working hours D. higher quality products 3. What can be inferred from the comments made by Bill Gates? A. Changes will occur for many decades. B. There will be increasing amounts of unskilled workers. C. Highly skilled workers have less to worry about. D. Technology will have a negative effect in the workplace. 4. Why is the example of the Industrial Revolution given? A. It was also a time of great change in the workplace. B. It had far less of an effect than the Digital Revolution. C. It lead to widespread unemployment in the world. D. It resulted in a more violent society. 5. What is the modern-day view of the Luddites? A. They managed to protect their jobs. B. Their refusing to adapt to change is seen in a negative way. C. Their adapting to new technology saved their jobs. D. Their actions are inspiring many workers today. 6. Which of the following is closest in meaning to crux in paragraph 4? A. The most complex part B. The hidden message C. The least understood part D. The most important part Page 243

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7. According to the article, which quality will technology never be able to replace? A. teamwork B. human compassion C. the desire to manufacture goods D. human intelligence 8. What is the main idea of this article? A. There are few negative consequences to the Digital Revolution. B. Learning about technology is a natural part of human development. C. Workers will need to adapt to technological changes. D. Unemployment will increase dramatically as technology advances. TEST 3

Unit 7. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. B. combustion

C. navigation

D. recognition

2. A. computer

B. communication

C. command

D. complicated

3. A. advanced

B. automated

4. A. arrangement

B. application

5. A. potential

B. production

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1. A. application

D. reunited

C. activate

D. assistance

C. promotion

D. psychology

C. constructed

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. B. robot

C. human

D. fiction

7. A. applicable

B. automation

C. artificial

D. evolution

8. A. algorithm

B. exterminate

C. intelligence

D. technology

9. A. capable

B. robotic

C. industry

D. futurist

10. A. assembly

B. interfere

C. reunite

D. resurrect

Part II. VOCABULARY

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6. A. machine

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

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11. High intelligent machines can be automated to operate without human ____. A. intervene

B. intervening

C. intervention

D. interventionist

12. The old astronomer patiently made his ____ and wrote down what he saw. A. observation

B. observatory

C. observe

D. observer

13. One of the popular ____ used in smartphones at present is voice recognition.

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A. applicant

B. applicable

C. applications

D. apply

14. If there are aliens out there, do you think they are much more ____ advanced than we are? A. technological

B. technologically

C. technology

D. technologies Page 244

15. ____ have announced that a major breakthrough has been made. A. Research

B. Researchers

C. Researches

D. Researching

A. call off

B. give off

C. put off

D. turn off

A. break

B. call

C. turn

D. work

18. I'll ____ you ____ you to our research department. Please hold on. A. put - away

B. put - out

C. put - through

D. put - up

19. No wonder the vacuum cleaner isn't working. You haven't ____ it ____. A. brought - in

B. given - in

C.plugged - in

D. pulled - in

B. caught

C. kept

D. put

21. Ten million text messages are sent on ____ every minute. B. average

C. common

D. general

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A. account

20. Whoever ____ up with that idea should have won the Nobel Prize. A. came

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17. Scientists are trying to ____ out the ways to reduce pollution from aircraft.

16. I wish you would ____ the TV and go outside and get some exercise.

22. Astronomers have ____ a new planet outside our galaxy. A. invented

B. unearthed

C. developed

D. discovered

discoveries of the future. A. Epic

B. Fiction

23. ____ is a type of book or film showing space travel of life on other planets, based on imagined scientific C. Non-fiction

D. Science fiction

24. Unluckily, David's dangerous and incredible journey in search of the Blue Fairy is in ____. B. danger

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A. advance

C. end

D. vain

25. Most scientists believe that the day when robots become part of our lives will come ____. A. from time to time

B. more or less

C. sooner or later

D. later than never

26. Do you know who ____ the fact that sound travels in waves? A. developed

B. discovered

C. found

D. invented

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A. engine

27. I'm thinking of getting a fax ____. B. instrument

C. machine

D. motor

28. The ____ of the outbreak of the disease is still unknown. A. aim

B. cause

C. motive

D. reason

29. GPS systems help a lot of people ____ on land, on the sea, and in the air. A. inform

B . interfere

A. make noise

B. malfunction

C. navigate

D. reunite

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30. After the power failure last night, the washing machine started to ____, so I had to wash the clothes by hands.

C. operate

D. work Page 245

31. FM is a method of ____ signals, especially in radio broadcasting. A. transacting

B. transferring

C. transmitting

D. translating

32. UFO is an acronym for ____ Flying Object. B. Unimaginative

C. Unknown

A. gain

B. keep

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33. The biggest fear is that humans might ____ control over robots.

D. Unique

A. Unidentified

C. lose

D. take

34. Researchers have ____ to the conclusion that your personality is affected by your genes. A. arrived

B. come

C. got

D. reached

35. The telescope will photograph distant galaxies, ____ attempt to understand their past. A. in

B. for

C. on

D. with

surpasses human intelligence. A. come

B. make

C. put

A. able

B. capable

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37. A.I. robots are ____ of having human emotions.

36. It is likely that artificial intelligence might decide to ____ an end to humanity simply because it D. take

C. efficient

D. fond

38. I don't think people should be allowed to ____ experiments on animals. B. make

C. perform

A. create

D. produce

39. Many materials have been used for ____ teeth, including wood. A. artificial

B. false

C. hand-made

D. natural

40. Once they've finished the extension to the ____, there'll be room for them to take on a lot more workers. B. industry

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A. factory

C. manufacturing

D. trade

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

41. Internet search engines can help to predict the weather as well as traffic jams in a city. A. announce

B. expect

C. forecast

D. reveal

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artificial intelligence.

42. Ray Kurzweil suggests that exponential technological development will lead to the inevitable rise of A. inapplicable

B. unavoidable

C. unrecognizable

D. invisible

43. Advanced technologies may make humanity insignificant both in life and work. A. Future

B. Radical

C. Sophisticated

D. Unconventional

44. A.I. techniques help medical doctors to discover subtle interactions between medications that put

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patience in jeopardy because of their serious side effect. A. at risk

B. in reality

C. under control

D. under pressure

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45. A.I. algorithms can also help to detect faces and other features in photo sent to social networking sites and automatically organize them. A. categorize

B. connect

C. recognize

D. remind

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined

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word(s) in each of the following questions.

46. The critical issue is whether genuine artificial intelligence can ever be truly realized. A. authentic

B. fake

C. unpretentious

D. true

47. Smart robots have replaced humans in stressful and hazardous jobs and in assembly lines. A. dangerous

B. risky

C. safe

D. perilous

already proved very useful. A. basic

B. modern

C. original

48. Professor Stephen Hawking thinks the primitive forms of A.I. which have been developed so far have D. recent

49. Kurzweil believes that there could be tiny robots called nanobots implanted into our brains to improve A. inserted in

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our memory. B. fixed in

C. removed from

D. replaced with

in the future? A. killed

B. restored

Part III. GRAMMAR

50. Do you really think humans will be exterminated when more and more intelligent machines are invented C. resurrected

D. wiped out

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. A. have the GPS found found

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51. Drivers or pilots ____ the best routes to the destination quickly and effectively. B. use the GPS to find

C. get the GPS find

D. get the GPS

52. My sister ____ her laptop serviced last weekend. A. did

B. got

C. made

D. took

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A. have

53. You should ____ a professional to check your house for earthquake damage. B. get

C. make

D. take

C. have

D. have got

54. We ____ a cable TV put in this week. A. are having

B. get

55. The dishwasher isn't working again, so my mother is thinking of having ____.

A. it repaired

B. it repairing

C. repaired it

D . repairing it

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56. We ____ while we were on holiday. A. had our alarm system stolen

B. had stolen our alarm system

C. got stolen our alarm system

D. were stolen our alarm system Page 247

57. The A.I. expert wanted to have his assistant ____ the newly made robot. A. activate

B. activated

C. activating

D. to activate

58. Kelly wanted a live band ____ at her wedding. C. played

59. I spoke to Victor last night and he said he ____ while he was on holiday.

D. to be played

B. to play

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A. been playing A. got stolen his phone

B. had his phone stolen

C. had stolen his phone

D. was got his phone stolen

60. Why don't you ____ when you install this new electric gadget? A. get Aaron help

B. have Aaron help

C. have Aaron helped

61. As soon as Dad ____, we can leave.

C. got started the car D. was got starting the car

A. got the car to start B. has got the car started 62. My teeth were little yellow, so I ____ by the dentist. A. had cleaned them B. had them cleaned 63. Can we ____ this summer?

D. was cleaned

B. get air-conditioning to install D. have installed air-conditioning

A. get installed air-conditioning C. have air-conditioning installed

C. have them cleaned

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them

D. have got Aaron help

64. The car manufacturer ____ two automatic systems this morning. A. has had a robotics company install C. had a robotic company install

B. had a robotic company installed

D. got a robotic company installed

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65. The computer corporation ____ malfunctioning products. A. had their workers eliminate

B. had their workers to eliminate

C. had their workers eliminating

D. had their workers eliminated

66. The robot manufacturer ____ their outdated robots for the next generation robots. B. got his customers exchanged

C. had his customers exchanged

D. had his customers exchange

A. asked his customers exchange

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67. Samsung ____ by those who have bought them for technical faults. A. has all Galaxy Note 7 returned

B. has all Galaxy Note 7 to returned

C. made all Galaxy Note 7 return

D. made all Galaxy Note 7 returned

68. Experts believe that in the near future humans ____. B. have had the housework done by robots

C. will do the housework by robots

D. will have robots do the housework

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A. have robots do the housework

69. Nowadays, for the sake of human life, the military ____ which contain explosives. A. have A.I. robots explore dangerous environments Page 248

B. get A.I. robots explore dangerous environments C. have A.I. robots explored dangerous environments 70. Thanks to the A. I applications, Internet users ____ into a new language in real time. B. can have webpages translate

C. can have webpages translated

D. can get webpages to translate

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A. can translate webpages

71. It's hard to believe that this film ____ completely by computer. A. has been generated

B. has generated

C. was been generating

72. My sister ____ her ear pierced last weekend. B. got

C. made

73. Recently, a new vaccine against measles ____. A. has been developed

B. had been developed

C. had developed

74. You'd better get someone ____ your house. B. redecorated

C. to be redecorated

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A. redecorate

D. was to generate

D. took

A. did

D. get A.I. robots explores dangerous environments

D. was developing

D. to redecorate

75. The patient ____ his blood tested to find out the cause of his breakdown. A. asked

B. had

C. ordered

D. took

to drive to York in it at the weekend. A. expect - will have been delivered C. have been expecting - is delivering

76. We ____ that my father's new car ____ by Friday. He has promised to give his old one to me and I want B. are expected - will be delivering

D. are expecting - will have delivered

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77. I wish my father had bought me a new mobile phone instead of having it ____ like that. A. to repair

B. repaired

C. repairing

D. being repaired

78. We are going to ____ next June, or else they will be expired. A. get our passports renewed

B. get to renew our passports

C. have had our passports renewed

D. have our passports to renew

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A. have

79. Mr. Brown tends to ____ his car serviced twice a year at the garage near his house. B. let

C. rent

D. give

80. The teacher had the students ____ an essay on the positive and negative effects that modern technology has on children.

B. to be written

C. write

D. writing

A. to write

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of

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the following questions. 81. Thanks to the first lawn mower which was invented in 1830, we don't have to pay for someone to have our

Page 249

grass to be cut any more. D invent A

C thanks to future medical advances. D

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82. According to the futurist Ray Kurzweil, humans could have tiny computerized machines or nanobots

about A

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the people in them from a panel in a dashboard.

83. In his Aston Martin DB5 car, Bond can have the photos being printed out along with the information

84. There's a network in computing called 'beta testing', which means you test something seeing if it works A

properly before it comes official.

85. No longer do housewives have to clean the house every day because they get it done for robotic vacuum A

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cleaners.

86. Before the cotton gin had been invented in 1794, American farmers had cheap slaves remove seeds from the

cotton fiber.

87. Before the invention of email and the Internet in 1972, it took people at least one day to cause hand-

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written

letters sent to the recipients' homes. D

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devices

88. In communication, we can have the voice recognition systems in smartphones or other electronic A

to be identified our speech. Page 250

D 89. The owners of modern manufacturing plants had workers doing heavy and repetitive tasks replacing, by A

robots.

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90. In this throw-away society, instead of having an old electronics device fixed, people tend to toss it away and A

buy a new one. Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 8. Mark the letter A.B.C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following

exchanges. 91. A: Hello, is that Liz speaking? B: ____ C. Hi, there. I'm Juliet.

D. You can leave a message, please.

92. A: Hello, could I speak to Chris, please?

B: ____ A. Sorry, he's not in.

B. Yes, you could.

93. A: Shall I ring you later?

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B: ____ A. No, you won't.

B. Hello, how are you?

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A. Yes, who's that? I can hardly hear you.

C. Sorry, I'm busy now.

C. Sure, go ahead.

D. Certainly I am.

B. Yes, but I may be out. D. I couldn't agree more.

94. A: Do you know how this machine works? B: ____ A. It's very expensive.

C. Plug it in and push the green button.

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95. A: ____

B. Will you call the mechanic tomorrow? D. I think it's quite heavy.

B: Oh, the bulb went out when I switched it on. A. Are there anything wrong?

B. What matters to the lamp?

C. Does the machine work properly?

D. What's wrong with the lamp?

96. A: Do you mind if I make a phone call?

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B: ____

A. Yes, certainly. The phone's in the hall.

B. No, of course not. The phone's in the hall.

C. I don't think so. It's so annoying.

D. Why not? I'm using my mobile phone. Page 251

97. A: Would you take this calculator along to the office for me? B: ____ A. Never mind.

B. Yes, with pleasure.

C. Yes, that's right.

D. Not at all.

98. A: How often do you check mail? A. Almost every day.

B. It's not normal.

FI CI A

B: ____

C. It's quite far from here.

don't 99. A: I have bought you a new toy car. Happy birthday to you! B: ____ A. Have a nice day!

B. The same to you! C. What a lovely toy! Thanks.

D. No, I really

D. What a pity!

100. A: Guess what? I've been awarded a scholarship to study about information technology in the U.S. B: Uh, really? ____ A. Take care of yourself!

B. Congratulations!

101. A: ____

C. Excuse me. Do you want to buy it?

B. Good morning. Can I help you?

B: Yes. I'd like to buy a computer. A. Do you look for something?

D. Lucky as you

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are!

C. You are always lucky!

D. Can you help me buy something?

102. A: Can you help me carry this vacuum cleaner upstairs? B: ____

B. Yes, I'm afraid not.

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A. I think that, too.

C. Not completely.

D. Why not?

103. A: I believe that modern robots will be more intelligent and replace humans in many dangerous jobs. B: ____

A. That's just what I think of course.

B. That sounds interesting.

C. That's a good idea.

D. Why not? Believe me!

104. A: Watching television is a waste of time.

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B: ____

A. I enjoy watching cartoons.

B. I don't think so either.

C. I think so, too.

D. News is not my favorite program.

105. A: Do you like using a desktop computer or laptop?”

B: ____

B. I couldn't agree more.

C. No, I have no choice.

D. I prefer something portable.

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A. Yes, I'd love to.

Part V. READING Page 252

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. SCIENCE FLYING IN THE FACE OF GRAVITY

It looked just like another aircraft from the outside. The pilot told his young passengers that it was

FI CI A

built in 1964, a Boeing KC-135 refuelling tanker, based on the 707. But appearances were deceptive, and the 13 students from Europe and the USA who boarded the aircraft were in for the flight of their lives.

Inside, the area that normally had seats had become a long white tunnel. Heavily padded from floor to ceiling; it looked a bit like a lunatic asylum. There were almost no windows, but lights along the padded walls eerily illuminated it. Most of the seats had been taken out apart from a few at the back,

where the young scientists quickly took their places with a look of apprehension.

From 12 months, science students from across the continents had competed to win a place on the flight at the invitation of the European Space Agency. The challenge had been to suggest

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imaginative experiments to be conducted in weightless conditions. For the next two hours the Boeing's flight resembled that of an enormous bird which had lost its reason, shooting upwards towards the heavens before hurting towards Earth. The intention was to achieve weightlessness for a

few seconds.

The aircraft took off smoothly enough, but any feelings that I and the young scientists had that we were on anything like a scheduled passenger service were quickly dismissed when the pilot put the plane into a 45-degree climb which lasted around 20 seconds. Then the engine cut out and we

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became weightless. Everything became confused, and left or right, up or down no longer had any meaning. After 10 seconds of free-fall descent, the pilot pulled the aircraft out of its nosedive. The return of gravity was less immediate than its loss, but was still sudden enough to ensure that some students came down with a bump.

After two hours of going up and down in the plane doing experiments, the predominant feeling was

one of exhilaration rather than nausea. Most of the students thought it was an unforgettable

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experience and one they would be keen to repeat. 106. What does the writer say about the plane? A. It had no seats.

B. It had no windows.

C. The inside was painted white.

D. The outside was misleading

107. What does the word eerily in paragraph 2 mean?

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A. badly

B. brightly

C. clearly

D. strangely

108. What did the pilot do with the plane? A. He climbed and made the plane turn over. Page 253

B. He climbed and made the plane fall slowly. C. He quickly climbed and stopped the engines. 109. What does the word it in the last paragraph refer to? B. the opportunity

C. the plane

D. the trip

FI CI A

A. the exhilaration

D. He took off normally and then cut the engines for 20 seconds.

110. Why was this passage written? A. To encourage young people to take up science. B. To describe the outcome of a scientific competition. C. To report on a new scientific technique. D. To show scientists what young people can do.

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

The word “robot” first appeared in a 1921 stage play by Czech writer Karel Capek. In the play, a

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man makes a machine that can think, which he calls a robot and which ends up killing its owner. In the 1940s, the American science fiction writer, Isaac Asimov, wrote a series of stories about robots and invented the term 'robotics', the science of robots. Meanwhile, in the real world, the first robots

were developed by an engineer, Joseph F. Engelberger, and an inventor, George C. Devol. Together they started Unimation, a manufacturing company that produced the first real robot in 1961, called the Unimate. Robots of this type were installed at a General Motors automobile plant and proved to be a success. They worked reliably and saved money for General Motors, so other companies

QU Y

were soon acquiring robots as well.

These industrial robots were nothing like the terrifying creatures that can often be seen in science fiction films. In fact, these robots looked and behaved nothing like humans. They were simply pieces of computer-controlled machines, with metal "arms" or "hands". Since they were made of metal, they could perform certain jobs that were difficult or dangerous for humans, particularly jobs

that involve high heat. And since robots were tireless and never got hungry, sleepy, or distracted,

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they were useful for tasks that would be tiring or boring for humans. Industrial robots have been improved over the years, and today they are used in many factories around the world. Though the use of robots has meant the loss of some jobs, at the same time other jobs have been created in the design, development, and production of the robots.

Outside of industry, robots have also been developed and put into use by governments and scientists

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in situations where humans might be in danger. For example, they can be sent in to investigate an unexploded bomb or an accident at a nuclear power plant. Researchers also use robots to collect samples of hot rocks or gases in active volcanoes. In space exploration, robots have performed many Page 254

key tasks where humans could not be present, such as on the surface of Mars. In 2004, two robotic Rovers, small six-wheeled computerized cars, were sent to Mars. B. in the early 1920s

C. in the mid-1920s

D. in the late 1920s

112. Which of these statements is TRUE about Karel Capek? A. He is a famous American playwright. B. He was the first to create the word “robot”. C. He invented a machine that can think like humans. D. He made a robot kill a person. A. terrifying creatures

113. What does the word they in paragraph 2 refer to? B. humans

C. science fiction films

A. They are computer-controlled machines. C. They behave like humans.

D. industrial

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robots 114. What are industrial robots like?

FI CI A

A. before the 1920s

111. When did the word robot appear?

B. They are built with metal arms and legs.

D. They can think like humans.

A. They never need food to survive. C. They are tired like humans.

115. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of robots? B. They can survive without any sleep.

D. They can do jobs involving intense heat.

116. What can be inferred from the passage about robots?

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A. Their appearance negatively affects the job market. B. They can stop active volcanoes from erupting. C. They help humans travel to the outer space. D. They take away some jobs but offer some in return. 117. Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence in bold in the first paragraph?

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robots.

A. Because they were reliable and economical to General Motors, other companies started to use B. Other companies started to produce reliable and efficient robots for General Motors. C. Every other company made use of robots because they were time-consuming and safe. D. Robots worked well for General Motors, but caused certain trouble to others.

118. What is the author's attitude towards robots in this passage? B. He dislikes them.

C. He thinks they are a nuisance.

D. He is crazy about them.

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A. He appreciates them.

Page 255

Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. MODERN SCIENCE

It seems entirely (119) ____ to us that there are teams of scientists in universities and (120) ____

FI CI A

institutions around the world, attempting to (121) ____ the way the world works. However, it hasn't always been that (122) ____. Although the scientific method is now four or five hundred years old, the ancient Greeks, for example, believed that they could work out the (123) ____ of natural events just by the power of thought.

During the 17th century, more and more people began to realize that they could (124) ____ their scientific ideas by designing a relevant (125) ____ and seeing what happened. A lot of (126) ____

was made in this way by individual scientists. These men and women often worked alone, carrying out (127) ____ into many different areas of science, and they often received very little (128) ____ for their hard work. (129) ____ the start of the 20th century, though, it became (130) ____ that

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science was becoming more complicated and more expensive. This individual scientist disappeared, to be replaced by highly qualified teams of experts. Modern science was born. B. physical

C. unreal

D. typical

120. A. another

B. every

C. other

D. whole

121. A. construct

B. create

C. discover

D. invent

122. A. method

B. route

C. technique

D. way

123. A. aims

B. causes

C. purposes

D. reasons

124. A. calculate

B. collect

C. measure

D. test

125. A. analysis

B. attempt

C. experiment

D. event

126. A. development

B. evolution

C. movement

D. progress

127. A. discovery

B. education

C. experiment

D. research

128. A. present

B. gift

C. prize

D. reward

129. A. At

B. In

C. On

D. For

B. actual

C. clear

D. true

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130. A. accurate

119. A. natural

Part IV. WRITING

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

131. Why don't we get someone to fix our computer? B. Let's have someone to fix our computer.

C. Someone will have our computer fixed.

D. Why don't we have our computer fixed?

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A. Fixing our computer is someone else's duty.

132. My car needed servicing, so I took it to a garage. Page 256

A. I took my car to a garage to have it serviced. B. I took my car, which needed to be servicing, to a garage. C. I had a garage get serviced my car. 133. Someone stole my dad's mobile phone last night. A. My dad had his mobile phone stolen last night. B. My dad got someone steal his mobile phone last night. C. My dad asked someone to steal his mobile phone last night. D. My dad was robbed of his mobile phone last night. A. I'm getting my car tyres checked. B. I'm having my car tyres to be checked by someone. D. My car tyres are being checked by myself.

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C. I have my car tyres checked regularly.

134. Someone is checking my car tyres for me.

FI CI A

D. My car was taken to a garage to have it serviced.

135. Why don't you get someone to update the new computer program for me? A. I suggest that you update the new computer program for me.

B. Shall I have the new computer program updated for you?

C. Why don't you ask someone to update the new computer program for me? D. Why don't you have the new computer program updated by yourself? 136. We have decided to employ someone to put in a better lock. B. We have decided to have a better lock put in.

C. We have decided to put in a better lock.

D. We have decided that we put in a better lock.

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A. A better lock has been decided to be put in. 137. Jane recommended asking someone to mow the lawn.

A. It is recommended by Jane that the lawn was mowed. B. Jane recommended getting the lawn mowed.

C. Jane recommended mowing the lawn.

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D. Someone was recommended to be mowed the lawn. 138. The teacher had his students use their laptops to surf the Net for resources in his class. A. According to the teacher, the students had their resources surfed on their laptops. B. Laptops must be used to surf for resources by the students in the class.

C. The teacher asked his students to use their laptops to surf the Net for resources in his class.

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D. With the laptops, the students could surf the Net for resources in class.

139. We cannot live in outer space without special equipment. A. It is impossible for us to live in outer space without special equipment. Page 257

B. We are impossible to live outer space without special equipment. C. Without special equipment, we are very likely to live in outer space. D. But for special equipment, we couldn't have lived in outer space.

140. Had he known more about computer programming, my brother would have worked for a computer

FI CI A

company.

A. A better knowledge of computer programming will help my brother find a job in a computer company.

B. My brother didn't know much about computer programming, so he didn't work for a computer company.

C. My brother wishes he had known more about computer programming and could work for a

computer company.

D. Knowing more about computer programming, my brother would find a job in a computer company.

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Exercise 13. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.

141. We don't have to wash the dishes any more. We have just bought a new dishwasher.

A. It is not necessary for us to wash the dishes, even when we have bought a new dishwasher. B. No longer do we have to wash the dishes because we have just bought a new dishwasher. C. The new dishwasher we have just bought needs doing the washing-up. D. With the help of the new dishwasher, we won't have to do the washing-up very often.

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142. My piano makes unsatisfactory sound. Someone is going to tune it tomorrow A. I'm going to have my piano tuned tomorrow due to the unsatisfactory sound it makes. B. If my piano makes unsatisfactory sound, someone is going to tune it tomorrow. C. My piano makes unsatisfactory sound, so I am going to tune it tomorrow. D. The piano which makes unsatisfactory sound is going to be tuned tomorrow.

143. Many industries today use highly automated vehicles. They can drive with almost no human

KÈ

intervention.

A. Although many industries today use many automated vehicles, they can drive without human intervention.

B. Many industries today use highly automated vehicles which can drive with almost no human

intervention.

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C. With almost no human intervention, many industries today can run highly automated vehicles. D. When vehicles are highly automated in many industries, humans do not have to intervene in their operation. Page 258

144. I did not dare to turn on the television. I was afraid of waking the baby up. A. I did not dare to turn on the television for fear of waking the baby up.

D. Waking up the baby, I could not continue watching the television.

FI CI A

C. I decided to turn the television volume down to avoid waking the baby up.

B. I decided not to turn on the television in order to wake the baby up.

145. I have narrowed it down to two computer games. I can't make up my mind.

A. Although I have narrowed it down to two computer games, I still can't make up my mind. B. Having narrowed it down to two computer games, I can make up my mind.

C. I have narrowed it down to two computer games, which helps me make up my mind.

D. If I don't narrow it down to two computer games, I won't be able to make up my mind.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Unit 8. THE WORLD OF WORK

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A. VOCABULARY • academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/(a): học thuật, giỏi các môn học thuật • administrator /ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə(r)/ (n): nhân viên hành chính • align /əˈlaɪn/ (v): tuân theo, phù hợp • applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ (n): người nộp đơn xin việc • apply /əˈplaɪ/ (v): nộp đơn, đệ trình • apprentice /əˈprentɪs/ (n): thực tập sinh, người học việc • approachable /əˈprəʊtʃəbl/ (a): dễ gần, dễ tiếp cận • articulate /ɑːˈtɪkjuleɪt/ (a): hoạt ngôn, nói năng lưu loát • barista /bəˈriːstə/ (n): nhân viên làm việc trong quán cà phê • candidate /ˈkændɪdət/ (n): ứng viên đã qua vòng sơ tuyển • cluttered /ˈklʌtəd/ (a): lộn xộn, trông rối mắt • compassionate /kəmˈpæʃənət/ (a): thông cảm, cảm thông • colleague /ˈkɒliːɡ/ (n): đồng nghiệp • covering letter /ˌkʌvərɪŋ ˈletə(r)/: thư xin việc • dealership /ˈdiːləʃɪp/ (n): doanh nghiệp, kinh doanh • demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ (v): thể hiện • entrepreneur /ˌɒntrəprəˈnɜː(r)/ (n): nhà doanh nghiệp, người khởi nghiệp • potential/pəˈtenʃl/ (a): tiềm năng • prioritise /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ (v): sắp xếp công việc hợp lý, ưu tiên việc quan trọng trước • probation /prəˈbeɪʃn/ (n): sự thử việc, thời gian thử việc • qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n): trình độ chuyên môn bằng cấp • recruit /rɪˈkruːt/ (v): tuyển dụng • relevant /ˈreləvənt/ (a): thích hợp, phù hợp • shortlist /ˈʃɔːtlɪst/ (v): sơ tuyển • specialise /ˈspeʃəlaɪz/ (v): chuyên về lĩnh vực nào đó • tailor /ˈteɪlə(r)/ (v): điều chỉnh cho phù hợp • trailer /ˈtreɪlə(r)/ (n): xe móc, xe kéo • tuition /tjuˈɪʃn/ (n): học phí • unique /juˈniːk/ (a): đặc biệt, khác biệt, độc nhất • well-spoken /ˌwel ˈspəʊkən/ (a): nói hay, nói với lời lẽ trau chuốt Page 259

FI CI A

GRAMMAR GRAMMAR REPORTED SPEECH: REPORTING ORDERS, REQUESTS, OFFERS, ADVICE, INSTRUCTIONS,... (LỜI NÓI TƯỜNG THUẬT) Một số động từ như "say, tell, think, ask" là các động từ tường thuật phổ biến nhất, nhưng ta cũng có thể sử dụng một số động từ tường thuật khác để tóm tắt thông tin hay bày tỏ tình cảm. E.g: Would you like me to buy a new TV set?"  Mr Huy offered to buy a new TV set.

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Sau đây là một số cấu trúc thường dùng: 1. Verb + that clause E.g: He agreed that it was a bad idea. Một số động từ dùng trong cấu trúc này là: admit, agree, claim, exclaim, explain, deny, say, warn 2. Verb + somebody + that clause E.g: Mr. John warned everyone that investing more money in that filed was a bad idea. Một số động từ dùng trong cấu trúc này là: advise, persuade, tell, warn 3. Verb + to infinitive E.g: Mrs. Brown promised to come there early. Một số động từ dùng trong cấu trúc này là: agree, demand, offer, promise, refuse, threaten, claim 4. Verb + somebody + to infinitive E.g: She encouraged her daughter to take part in the contest. Một số động từ dùng trong cấu trúc này là: advise, ask, allow, beg, command, convince, encourage, forbid, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, urge, tell, want, warn 5. Verb + -ing E.g: He suggested going out for dinner. Một số động từ dùng trong cấu trúc này là: advise, admit, deny, mention, propose, recommend, suggest 6. Verb + preposition + -ing E.g: My employee apologized for being late. Một số động từ dùng trong cấu trúc này là: apologize (+for), admit (+to), boast (+ about), insist (+on) 7. Verb + somebody + preposition + -ing E.g: He warned the students about copying in the exam. Một số động từ dùng trong cấu trúc này là: accuse (+of), blame (+for), congratulate (+on), thank (+for), warn (+about/ against)

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■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Match the two halves of the sentences. A. everyone for coming.

2. Mrs. Brown promised to

B. building a new park would be expensive.

3. Mr. David proposed

C. on reaching a final decision at the meeting.

1. He told everyone that

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4. The chairperson insisted 5. The chairperson thanked

D. find the solution to this problem. E. asking for more prices from different builders.

Bài 2: Choose the best answer. Page 260

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1. The mother told her son _______ so impolitely. A. not behaving B. not to behave C. did not behave D. not behave 2. He said that he _______ collect it for me after work. A. would B. did C. will D. had 3. She asked me where I _______. A. have studied B. study C. am studying D. studied 4. The woman wanted to avoid _______ on security cameras. A. to see B. being seen C. seeing D. to be seen 5. Jack asked me _______ in English. A. what does this word mean B. what that word means C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant 6. The waiter asked her _______ tea or coffee. A. whether she liked B. that she liked C. if she likes D. whether she like 7. My friend asked me who _______ the piano in the sitting room. A. was playing B. plays C. is playing D. has played 8. The father ordered his children _______ laughing. A. would stop B. to stop C. stop D. stopped 9. He said he _______ at home. A. is staying B. has stayed C. was staying D. will stay 10. He says that he _______ the laws of the country. A. knew B. is knowing C. knows D. had known

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Bài 3: Complete the sentences using Reported speech. 1. Kate: "Don't play football in the garden!" Kate told me ______________________. 2. Teacher: "Don't forget your homework!" The teacher reminded me ______________________. 3. Mike: "Don't shout at Tim!" Mike told me ______________________. 4. Hoa: "Don't talk to your neighbour!" Hoa told me ______________________. 5. Daniel: "Don't open the door!" Daniel told me ______________________. 6. Mark: "Don't sing that song!" Mark reminded me ______________________. 7. Jane: "Don't watch the new film!" Jane advised me ______________________. 8. "Don't ring Richard on Sunday!" David told me ______________________. 9. Lisa: "Don't fly via Paris!" Lisa advised me ______________________. 10. James: "Don't eat so much junk food!"

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James reminded me ______________________.

C. not doing C. tobe

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C. to take

C. lending

C. me to stop C. them to

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C. metaking

C. not leaving

C. denied

Bài 4: Choose the best answer. 1. My mum insisted _______ me the money. A. on lending B. to lend 2. She recommended _______ the first flight home. A. taking B. on taking 3. I could finally persuade Megan _______ it. A. not to do B. to not do 4. He warned _______ careful. A. us to be B. being 5. The doctor asked _______ drinking coffee. A. to me that I stop B. to me to stop 6. I told _______ come with us. A. they to B. that they 7. They offered _______ me home. A. to take B. taking 8. I encouraged mv boss _______ the proiect. A. not to leave B. to not leave 9. He _______ that he was involved in the accident. A. insisted B. told 10. He _______ of stealing the book. A. admitted B. accused me

C. denied

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Bài 5: Choose the correct answer in brackets. 1. They were surprised when we _______ (announced/told) that we'd quit our jobs to start our own company. 2. The teenagers admitted _______ (to start/starting) the fire, but said it was an accident. 3. You always promise _______ (you arrive /to arrive) on time, but you never do. 4. I advised Susan _______ (that she should/ should that she) speak to her parents before making a decision. 5. The other students quickly got tired of Mary boasting _______ (of passing/to pass) her exams. 6. Mike was one of the first people to congratulate _______ (on me getting /me on getting) engaged. 7. My doctor has recommended that I _______ (to do/do) more exercise. 8. Will you remind me _______ (to pay/paying) the gas bill before the end of the month? Bài 6: Use the verbs from the box to rewrite the following sentences. hope

promise refuse

beg

suggest threaten

insist

remind

deny

invite

warn

advise

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1. "I didn't do it" he said.  ______________________. 2. "Have lunch with me," Mary said Page 262

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 ______________________. 3. "Why don't you buy the blue shirt?" said Hung.  ______________________. 4. "I promise I'll take you to the zoo," said Linda.  ______________________. 5. "I hope Ann will phone tonight," he said.  ______________________. 6. "Please, don't tell anyone!" he said.  ______________________. 7. "I won't come to her party," he said.  ______________________. 8. "You should do morning exercise,"she said.  ______________________. 9. "We really must go with you,"they said.  ______________________. 10. "Don't forget to do the homework, Tom," his mother said.  ______________________. 11. "If you wear my skirt again, I'll pinch you very hard," said Susan.  ______________________. 12. "Don't fly kites near electric overhead cables," my mother said.  ______________________.

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■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 7: Choose the best answer. 1. He _______ me to stop buying so much stuff online. A. convinced B. said C. recommend 2. I don't blame you _______ to move to another house. I don't like this house either. A. to want B. that you want C. for wanting 3. I suggest _______ the police right now. A. you to call B. you call C. to call 4. She _______ us not to drink that water. A. informed B. insisted C. warned 5. She _______ anything to do with what happened. A. said not to have B. denied having C. insisted not having 6. "I wish I had been there with you." She _______ there with me. A. regretted not being B. denied being C. announced that she wasn't 7. They _______ me not to talk to you any more. A. suggested B. said C. advised 8. "I won't lend you any more money." He _______ to lend me any more money. A. admitted B. informed C. refused 9. She _______ me to invite Jim to the party. A. said B. suggested C. reminded 10. They _______ me if I didn't tell them where you were. Page 263

A. promised they kill

B. threatened to kill

C. warned to kill

Bài 8: Change the sentences into reported speech using one of the reporting verbs from the box in past simple and any other necessary words. suggest threaten

apologise

deny

refuse

remind

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1. "I will help you, I promise."  John _______________ me. 2. "Shall we go to the concert?"  Emily _______________ to the concert. 3. "I didn't break the window"  Mark _______________ the window. 4. "I wish I hadn't got married"  Mai _______________ married. 5. "I'll kill you!"  He _______________ me. 6. "You should go to the doctor."  She _______________ to the doctor. 7. "I won't help you."  He _______________ me. 8. "I'm sorry that I was late."  He _______________ late. 9. "Jack, remember to set the alarm before you leave."  Tom _______________ the alarm before he left. 10. "I broke the window."  Richard _______________ the window.

agree

regret

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Bài 9: Complete the sentences in reported speech, using these reporting verbs: admit, advise, complain, congratulate, order, promise, remind, suggest, threaten, warn 1. "Yes, it was me who took your umbrella"  He ______________________. 2. "Well done. You've passed the exam with flying colors."  He ______________________. 3. "Do these exercises!"  He ______________________. 4. "I'll send you all the letters."  He ______________________. 5. "I think you should visit her."  He ______________________. 6. "Don't forget to give your mother these flowers."  He ______________________. 7. "I'll call the police if you don't leave immediately."  He ______________________. Page 264

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8. "Why don't we go camping?"  He ______________________. 9. "Children! You mustn't touch the socket. It's dangerous."  He ______________________. 10. Why do I have to do the cleaning? It's unfair!"  He ______________________. Bài 10: Choose the best answer to complete the letter. Dear Sir, I am writing to complain about a television set that I bought in your shop last week. When I asked the shop assistant why (1) _______ the only set on sale, she (2) _______ me that it (3) _______ used for demonstrations on the shop floor. I also asked her (4) _______ it was in good working order and she assured me that it (5) _______ perfectly. She also promised (6) _______ I could return the set within ten days for any reason and receive a full refund. Unfortunately, when I took the TV home, I discovered that the sound and picture quality were poor. I called the shop and asked someone (7) _______ me through the manager. The manager explained (8) _______ I could not get a refund as the television was a sale item. He (9) _______ to have the television repaired but said that the repairs (10) _______ at my expense. Moreover, I would like to add that the shop assistant who sold me the television (11) _______ promising me a refund if there was a problem with the TV set. The manager suggested (12) _______ Head Office, so I am writing to you. I would like a full refund on the television as soon as possible. Yours faithfully, David 1. A. was this B. it was C. this had been D. it had been 2. A. said B. says C. told D. told to 3. A. is B. is being C. has been D. had been 4. A. if B. why C. how D. that 5. A. works B. is working C. worked D. would be working 6. A. me that B. me if C. if D. to me 7. A. put B. to put C. putting D. that 1 put 8. A. me B. me that C. that D. me how 9. A. said B. told C. informed D. offered 10. A. are B. were C. has been D. would be 11. A. denied B. refused C. informed D. decided 12. A. to contact B. me to contact C. that contacting D. that I should contact KEY BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG Bài 1: Match the two halves of the sentences. 2. D

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3. E

1. B

4. C

5. A

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Bài 3: Complete the sentences using Reported speech. 1. Kate told me not to play football in the garden. 2. The teacher reminded me not to forget my homework. 3. Mike told me not to shout at Tim. 4. Hoa told me not to talk to my neighbour. 5. Daniel told me not to open the door. 6. Mark reminded me not to sing that song. 7. Jane advised me not to watch the new film. 8. David told me not to ring Richard on Sunday. 9. Lisa advised me not to fly via Paris. 10. James reminded me not to eat so much junk food.

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Bài 2: Choose the best answer. 1. B (Bà mẹ bảo con trai không được cư xử bất lịch sự.) 2. A (Anh ấy nói rằng anh ấy sẽ nhặt nó cho tôi sau giờ tan làm.) 3. D (Cô ấy hỏi tôi học ở đâu.) 4. B (Người phụ nữ muốn tránh bị nhìn thấy ở camera an ninh.) 5. D (Jack hỏi tôi từ này nghĩa là gì.) 6. A (Nam phục vụ hỏi cô ấy thích uống trà hay cà phê.) 7. A (Bạn tôi hỏi tôi ai đang đánh piano trong phòng khách.) 8. B (Ông bố đã ra lệnh cho các con ngừng cười.) 9. C (Anh ấy nói anh ấy đang ở nhà.) 10. C (Vì động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại đơn "He says" nên chúng ta vẫn giữ nguyên "thì" của động từ "know")

Bài 4: Choose the best answer. 1. A

6. C

2. A

7. A

3. A

8. A 9. C

4. A

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5. C

10. B

Bài 5: Choose the correct answer in brackets. 1. announced

2. starting

5. of passing 6. me on getting 7. do

4. that she should

8. to pay

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3. to arrive

Bài 6: Use the verbs from the box to rewrite the following sentences. Page 266

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1. He denied doing it. 2. Mary invited me to have lunch with her. 3. Hung suggested (that) I (should) buy the blue shirt./ Hung advised me to buy the blue shirt. 4. Linda promised to take me to the zoo. 5. He hoped (that) Ann would phone that night. 6. He begged me not to tell anyone. 7. He refused to come to her party. 8. She advised me to do morning exercise. 9. They insisted on going with me. 10. Tom's mother reminded him to do the homework. 11. Susan threatened to pinch me very hard if I wore her skirt again. 12. My mother warned me not to fly kites near electric overhead cables.

6. A

2. C

7. C

3. B

8. C

4. C

9. C

5. B

10. B

1. A

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Bài 7: Choose the best answer.

Bài 8: Change the sentences into reported speech using one of the reporting verbs from the box in past simple and any other necessary words. 1. promised to help

6. advised me to go 7. refused to help

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2. suggested going 3. denied breaking

8. apologized for being

4. regretted getting

9. reminded Jack to set

5. threatened to kill

10. admitted breaking

Bài 9: Complete the sentences in reported speech, using these reporting verbs: admit, advise, complain, congratulate, order, promise, remind, suggest, threaten, warn

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1. He admitted taking my umbrella. 2. He congratulated me on passing the exam with flying colors. 3. He ordered me to do those exercises. 4. He promised to send me all the letters. 5. He advised me to visit her. 6. He reminded me to give my mother those flowers. 7. He threatened to call the police if I didn't leave immediately. 8. He suggested going camping. 9. He warned the children not to touch the socket because it was dangerous. 10. He complained about having to do the cleaning.

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7. B

2. C

8. C

3. D

9. D

4. A

10. D

5. C

11. A

6. A

12. D

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1. B

Bài 10: Choose the best answer to complete the letter.

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Test 1 A. PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. bank B. travel C. delay D. magnificent 2. A. certificate B. demonstrate C. compassionate D. attendant 3. A. lag B. safari C. package D. stalagmite 4. A. align B. recognise C. unique D. specialise 5. A. approachable B. charity C. chef D. chopsticks II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. safari B. sightseeing C. mountain D. breathtaking 2. A. covering B. applicant C. encourage D. dealership 3. A. discover B. addition C. fantastic D. habitat 4. A. afford B. traveller C. wildlife D. passport 5. A. resort B. expedition C. environment D. affordable 6. A. shortlist B. unique C. colleague D. cluttered 7. A. magnificence B. geography C. satisfaction D. accommodate 8. A. original B. geography C. imperial D. stimulating B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Rewrite the following sentences. 1. He said "I have already read this book". He said that he had already read that book. 2. Join said to his sister "I want to buy a gift for our mother". Join told his sister that he wanted to buy a gift for their mother. 3. Mrs. Brown said "Where are they living?" Mrs. Brown asked where they were living. 4. "Do you know the girl over there?" Tom said. Tom asked me if I knew the girl over there. 5. Mother said "Nam, why don't you go to bed?" Mother told Nam to go to bed. 6. "May I use your telephone?" said my neighbor. My neighbor asked me to use my telephone. 7. The manager said "Come into my office, please." The manager asked to come into his office. 8. "Do not get off the bus while it's going." said the driver. The driver asked us not to get off the bus while it was going. 9. She asked to the little boy "Take a look at yourself in the mirror!". She told the little boy to take a look at himself in the mirror.

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10. "Don't put your elbow on the table!" he said. He asked me not to put my bellow on the table. II. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word from the box. competed requirements application employees experience tendency interviewer advance emotion qualified 1. ____ employees ____ who worked hard and were loyal got good pay and job security in return. 2. Soft skills may be essential to jobs that require _____ experience ____. 3. In the past, employees _____ competed _____ for jobs only with local job seekers. 4. Most companies have clear ____ requirements _____ for every position. 5. Interviews can choose the best candidate based on the _____ application ______ form. 6. The employers partly rely on their _____ emotion _____ in employing people. 7. The most _____ qualified _____ or experienced applicant will be chosen first. 8. Companies have a _____ tendency _____ to overstate the requirements for the position. 9. All applicants can take part in the interview so that the ____ interviewer _____ can choose the best. 10. From the employment ad, applicants can know all the requirements from the company so that they can prepare the answers in _____ advance ____.

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III. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition. 1. Employers will have a ___thorough____ review of your resume and covering letter before deciding if you are a good enough choice for a job. 2. The explosion of data in social networks, and recruiting networks has created a new world of employee data ____outside___ the enterprise. 3. As a flight attendant you should be intellectual because you may serve or have conversations ___with__ presidents, superstars, or successful entrepreneurs. 4. List the highest priority phrases at the beginning _____of____ your qualification descriptions to get the most attention. 5. Soft skills have the greatest impact _____on_____ an employer's perception of a potential employee. 6. Your CV lets you demonstrate your particular training and education or particular qualities that would be beneficial ____for_____ your future job. 7. You should review your academic history _____to______ determine how you can show evidence of your qualifications. 8. It's also important to focus _____on_____ your most relevant skills and strengths when interviewing. 9. Some positions will require applicants _____to_____ have a certain level of education. 10. Your job requires occasional meetings with colleagues to have a certain level _____of___ education. IV. Give the correct form of the words to complete the following sentences. 1. Flight ____attendants______ need good vision and hearing. ATTEND 2. First things first, you must love ____aviation______ and flying. AVIATE 3. Now layoffs are more common, so part-time _____positions_____ are more common. POSITION 4. More _____workers______ can live away from their work. WORK 5. ____employers____ did not trust those who change jobs every few years. EMPLOY 6. Sympathy is a (an) _____irrelevance______ here - we need practical help. RELEVANT 7. The singer worked hard on the clear _____articulation____ of every note. ARTICULATE 8. The traditional style of work is working from nine-to-five, and ____aligning___ with only one company. ALIGN 9. When you decide to apply for a job, you should start work on your resume and ___covering___ letter. Page 269

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COVER 10. The tips for how to ___tailor___ your resume for jobs will help you make a perfect match. TAILORING V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following sentences. 1. The number of people on unemployment benefits has dropped over the last two months. A. having benefits of being unemployed B. receiving unemployment compensation C. making use of being unemployed D. sending money to the government to support the unemployed 2. My mother has put money aside for her old age since she started to work in the factory. A. laid aside B. taken aside C. spent all D. lent me all 3. Our new boss is trying to ensure the well-being of his employees. A. earnings B. compensation (money paid by the government to those who are unemployed) C. savings D. welfare (general heath, happiness and safety) 4. In view of the global financial crisis, Tom and his brother has been laid off, so they are on the dole. A. selling goods on pavements B. receiving a lot of attention C. living on their parents' support D. living on unemployment benefits 5. Two employees have been sacked and 120 others face dismissal for joining earlier protests. A. recruitment B. redundancy C. employment D. application 6. Frank, 41, applied for the post when the parish council advertised two vacancies. A. occupied positions B. job opportunities C. unavailable positions D. accommodated room 7. Members tried their hands at the techniques to gain hands-on experience. A. relevant B. prior C. practical D. considerable 8. Sara brought in a lot of business last month; she would ask for a pay rise while she's still on a roll. A. unsuccessful B. on the up and up C. inefficient D. unqualified 9. The Wilsons have found it terribly hard to make ends meet ever since they both lost their jobs. A. barely have enough to live on B. give up gatherings C. able to manage D. buying and selling goods 10. There were some very strong candidates for the job but none of them met my expectations. A. surpassed B. overcame C. fulfilled D. underestimated 11. She got the job in the teeth of considerable competition. A. regardless of B. as regards C. in respect to D. owing to 12. She clearly joined the firm with a view to improving herself professionally. A. with no regard to B. irrespective of C. in spite of D. with the intention of 13. She has two degrees but she has only found a part-time, temporary job. A. permanent B. long-run C. stable D. short-term VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. My partner was made redundant last November and hasn't secured further employment as yet. A. fired B. sacked C. laid off D. appointed 2. With unemployment at a record level, retraining programmes would pay off in the long run. A. lastingly B. temporarily C. stably D. durably

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3. Sheila had butterflies in her stomach before the interview. A. seemed to be easy in her mind B. in a tizzy C. on pins and needles D. under pressure 4. They sacked the head of marketing because he was extremely inefficient. A. competent B. unqualified C. disorganized D. unskilled 5. I find myself at odds with most of my colleagues on what is the best way forward. A. in conflict with B. in disagreement with C. on the outs with D. on good terms with 6. Most people would grab at the chance of working for that company. A. jump at B. seize C. neglect D. take 7. I believe Mr. Brown is the most suitable candidate for the job as he has all the necessary qualifications. A. acceptable B. inappropriate C. tailor-made D. proper 8. The daughter of a blue-collar factory worker, Anne grew up on a council estate in Bracknell. A. physical B. manual C. laboring D. mental 9. Previously financial matters were dealt with by qualified accountants, financial advisers. A. professional B. experienced C. incompetent D. skilled 10. This scholarship is being established in her name as a permanent reminder of her work. A. long-run B. ever-lasting C. stable D. temporary VII. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word. 1. The mother told her son ____ so impolitely. A. not behaving B. not to behave C. did not behave D. not behave 2. She said she ____ collect it for me after work. A. would B. did C. will D. had 3. He asked me where I ____. A. have studied B. study C. am studying D. studied 4. Almost half of the ____ are perfectly suitable for the vacancy. A. employees B. competitors C. candidates D. applications 5. Networking tools like LinkedIn, Facebook, and Glassdoor enable people to easily ____ the market for new job opportunities. A. test B. monitor C. find D. consider 6. The man wanted to avoid ____ on security cameras. A. to see B. being seen C. seeing D. to be seen 7. Peter said that he had lived in London four years ____. A. then B. ago C. before D. later 8. John asked me ____ in English. A. what does this word mean B. what that word means C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant 9. There has been an increase in job ____, which is when two people agree to divide a full-time job into part-time jobs. A. dividing B. separating C. cutting D. sharing 10. You should ____ your resume and covering letter so they are as close a match as possible to the job. A. alter B. change C. direct D. tailor 11. The host asked her ____ tea or coffee. A. whether she liked B. that she liked C. if she likes D. whether she like 12. My friend asked me who ____ the piano in the sitting room. A. was playing B. plays C. is playing D. has played 13. The teacher told his students ____ laughing.

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A. would stop B. to stop C. stop D. stopped 14. Mary asked me ____. A. whether I would watch the football match on TV the day before. B. whether I watched the football match on TV the day before. C. If I had watch the football match on TV the day before. D. whether I had watched the football match on TV the day before. 15. He asked ____ him some money. A. her to lend B. her lending C. she has lent D. she lends 16. Jennifer asked me where ____ the week before. A. had I gone B. did I go C. I had gone D. was I going 17. Tom asked me ____. A. if was I having a good time last year B. whether I had had a good time the year before C. if would I have a good time the year before D. whether I have had a good time the year before 18. Do you know where ____? A. he lives B. did he live C. does he live D. he live 19. ____ receive an average of 60 applicants for every advertisement for a low- skilled job, and 20 for every skilled job. A. Employment B. Employees C. Employers D. The employed 20. Most job interviews today ____ more than just a casual conversation with the hiring manager to see if someone is qualified for the job. A. indicate B. include C. contain D. involve C. READING I. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box. qualifications employment sense relevant reference detail convincing potential evidence include PRESENTING YOUR QUALIFICATIONS Take a close look at the ideal candidate required from the job advertisement. Ask yourself this question, "What (1) ___ qualifications ___ is this (2) _____ potential ___ employer looking for?" There are some qualifications, like a university degree, for example, that are regarded as relevant information in most circumstances. Then there are other qualifications, such as a first-aid course, may be seen as useful and even (3) ____ relevant ____ for some jobs, but would look odd being listed for others as it is not relevant to the position. Your number of years you have been working will also help you decide what to (4) ___ include ___ and what to leave out. Individuals who are still in their first five years of work should note that their educational background is very important and should be listed in reasonable (5) ____ detail ___. For this with more than five years of (6) ___ employment __ employment experience, you should be a bit more selective about what you use. The reason is because some qualifications become outdated quickly. For example, would it make (7) ___ sense ____ to claim to be a computer expert on the basis of a computing degree obtained 15 years ago? You will not look very (8) ___ convincing ____. In this instance, the (9) ___ evidence ____ you provide about recent work in the field will count for a lot more Be clear, concise and always use the job ad as (10) ___ reference ___ to make sure your information is relevant.

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II. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank spare in the following passage. Most people need some preparation before they are (1) ____ for the workforce, and planning should begin long before it is time to start a career. Many high school students don't yet know what they want to do. High school is a great time to start thinking about careers. Setting on just one (2) ____ in high school isn't necessary, but they should know how to explore careers and put time into investigating them and learning about their skills and interests. Understanding what you enjoy and what you are good at is the first step in (3) ____ careers. It is important to think about what you like to do because work will eventually be a big part of the life. Once you have thought about the subjects and activities you like best, the next step is to look for careers that put those interests to use. If you love sports, for example, you might (4) ____ a career as a gym teacher, or a coach. Another approach to identifying potential career interests is to consider local employers and the types of jobs they have. There are many jobs in manufacturing and healthcare near the high school. Talking directly to workers can help you get (5) ____ about what they do. If you don't know workers in occupations (6) ____ interest you, ask people such as parents, friends, or teachers for their (7) ____. If job (8) ____ gives you a taste of what an occupation is like, imagine how helpful getting experience could be. Students can begin getting career-related experiences in high school through internships, employment, and other activities. Completing an internship is an excellent (9) ____ get experience. Internships are temporary, supervised (10) ____ designed to give students practical job training. 1. A. near B. ready C. secretive D. similar 2. A. present B. pastime C. employment D. occupation 3. A. explore B. explored C. exploring D. explores 4. A. consider B. contain C. exclude D. prevent 5. A fact B. information C. detail D. piece 6. A. that B. how C. why D. when 7. A. ability B. practice C. contacts D. judgement 8. A. writing B. shadowing C. believing D. persuading 9. A. notice about B. access to C. count for D. way to 10. A. reference B. assignments C. evidence D. stock III. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions. 1. Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree or diploma course could find a good career quite easily. Companies toured the academic institutions, competing with each other to recruit graduates. However, those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs. 2. Most careers organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available vacancies and presenting them well to prospective employers. 3. Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for others. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative or scientific skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful thought. 4. The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. To do this, graduates can study job Page 273

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vacancies and information in newspapers or they can visit a careers office, write to possible employers for information or contact friends or relatives who may already be involved in a particular profession. After studying all the various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers. 5. Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or spelling errors. Where additional information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, with examples if possible. They should try to balance their own abilities with the employer's needs, explain why they are interested in a career with the particular company and try to show that they already know something about the company and its activities. 6. When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer. 7. There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination, the secret to securing a good job is to be one of them. 1. In the paragraph 2, "them" refers to ____. A. abilities. B. three stages C. careers organizations. D. available vacancies 2. According to paragraph 4, graduates should ____. A. ask friends or relatives to secure them a good job. B. find out as much as possible and inform employers of the comparisons they want. C. get information about a number of careers before making comparisons. D. find a good position and then compare it with other careers. 3. In paragraph 5, "in more depth" could best be replaced by ____. A. more honestly B. more carefully C. using more word D. in greater detail 4. The word "prospective" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____. A. future B. generous C. reasonable D. ambitious 5. In paragraph 6, the writer seems to suggest that ____. A. it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understand. B. interviewees should ask a question if they can't think of an answer. C. it is not a good idea for interviewees to be completely honest in their answers. D. pretending to understand a question is better than giving an unsuitable answer. 6. Which of the following sentences is closest in meaning to the paragraph 7? A. Determined, skilled and able people can easily find a good career. B. Graduates should develop at least one of these areas to find a suitable career. C. People with the right qualities should always be able to find a good career. D. The secret of a successful interview is that interviewers have to possess skills, determination or ability. 7. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Businesses used to visit the universities in Hong Kong to recruit graduates. B. Until recently it was quite easy for graduates to get good jobs in Hong Kong. C. Job seekers should consider as many as possible of the factors involved. D. Graduates sometimes have to take part in competitions to secure a good career. 8. In paragraph 1, “those days are gone, even in Hong Kong", suggests that ____. A. in the past, finding a good career was easier in Hong Kong than elsewhere. Page 274

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B. it used to be harder to find a good job in Hong Kong than in other countries. C. nowadays, everyone in Hong Kong has an equal chance of finding a good career. D. even in Hong Kong companies tour the universities trying to recruit graduates. IV. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions. Telecommuting is some form of computer communication between employees' homes and offices. For employees whose job involve sitting at a terminal or word processor entering data or typing reports, the location of the computer is of no consequence. If the machine can communicate over telephone lines, when the work is completed, employees can dial the office computer and transmit the material to their employers. A recent survey in USA Today estimates that there are approximately 8.7 million telecommuters. But although the numbers are rising annually, the trend does not appear to be as significant as predicted when Business Week published "The Portable Executive" as its cover story a few years ago. Why hasn't telecommuting become more popular? Clearly, change simply takes time. But in addition, there has been active resistance on the part of many managers. These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work force scattered across the country would be too difficult, or at least systems for managing them are not yet developed, thereby complicating the manager's responsibilities. It is also true that employees who are given the option of telecommuting are reluctant to accept the opportunity. Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group, and many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting. Some people feel that even when a space in their homes is set aside as a work area, they never really get away from the office. 1. With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned? A. An overview of telecommuting B. The failure of telecommuting C. The advantages of telecommuting D. A definition of telecommuting 2. How many Americans are involved in telecommuting? A. More than predicted in Business Week B. More than 8 million C. Fewer than last year D. Fewer than estimated in USA Today 3. The phase “of no consequence” means ____. A. of no use B. irrelevant C. of no good D. unimportant 4. The author mentions all of the following as concerns of telecommuting EXCEPT ____. A. the opportunities for advancement B. the different system of supervision C. the lack of interaction with a group D. the work place is in the home 5. The word “them” in the second paragraph relent to ____. A. telecommuter B. systems C. executives D. responsibilities 6. The reason why telecommuting has not become popular is that the employees ____. A. need regular interaction with their families. B. are worried about the promotion if they are not seen at the office. C. feel that a work area in their home is away from the office. D. are ignorant of telecommuting. 7. The word “reluctant” in paragrap 3 can best be replaced by ____. A. opposite B. willing C. hesitant D. typical D. WRITING I. Rewrite the following sentences. 1. He said “They went away yesterday.” He said that they had gone away the previous day. Page 275

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2. “I have lived here for ten years” said Tom. Tom said that he had lived there for ten years. 3. The manager said to his assistant “I’m going to Paris next week.” The manager told his assistant that he was going to Paris the following week. 4. My friend said “I haven't done my homework.” My friend said that she hadn’t done her homework. 5. "It won't rain this evening." said my mother. Mother said that it wouldn’t rain that evening. 6. Mr. Clack said, “Why are you so sad, Join?” Mr. Clack asked John why he was so sad. 7. “Is it time to go?” she wondered. She wondered if it was time to go. 8. They said to me “Do you sleep in the afternoon?” They asked me if I slept in the afternoon. 9. "Why didn't you come here last Sunday?" asked Mary. Mary asked why I hadn’t come there the previous Sunday. 10. The traveler said "How long does it take to get to Hanoi by plane?" The traveler asked how long it took to get to Hanoi by plane. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. "Stay here and wait until I come back." said her mother. Her mother told her to stay there and wait until she came back. 2. Lan was both a brilliant student and a real beauty in my class. Lan was not only a brilliant student but also a real beauty in my class. 3. You won't find a girl better for you than her anywhere in the world. Nowhere in the world will you find a girl better for you than her. 4. Jenny shouldn't have gone to the gym leaving her small child alone at home like that. It was wrong of Jenny to go to the gym leaving her small child alone at home like that. 5. "My sister's always singing out of tune." said Minne to her bestie. Minne complained to her bestie about her sister singing out of tune. 6. There isn't a grain of salt left, we can't cook her favourite dish. We're completely out of salt, so can’t cook her favourite dish. 7. The tuition fee is the thing I'm worried about most of all. There isn’t anything that/ which I’m worried about more than tuition fee. 8. Thanks to her organizing skills, we could pull off the opening event. Had not been for her organizing skills, we couldn’t have pulled off the opening event. III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. "Don't forget to buy some bread on the way home, sister." said Lan. Lan reminded her sister to buy some bread on the way home. 2. "Do you fancy going for a walk around Hoan Kiem Lake tonight?" Jenny asked. Jenny suggested going for a walk around Hoan Kiem Lake that night. 3. Due to the warm and pleasant weather, we could go picnic at the local park. As the weather was warm and pleasant, we could go picnic at the local park. 4. You need to have your little room decorated, it's too boring. Your little room needs decorating, it's too boring.

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5. You must either hand in your test paper right now or get zero for your cheating. If you don’t hand in your test paper right now, get zero for your cheating. 6. When I was young, I would follow my father into the woods to collect straws for the little cows. I used to follow my father into the woods to collect straws for the little cows when I was young. 7. You must give up smoking now before it's too late. You had better give up smoking now before it's too late. 8. In spite of her handicap, she could draw many beautiful portraits. Although she was handicapped, she could draw many beautiful portraits. TEST 2 I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. decision B. erode C. checkout D. exotic 2. A. task B. customer C. specialise D. barista 3. A. resort B. season C. excursion D. reasonable 4. A. applicant B. relevant C. apprentice D. align 5. A. relevant B. recruit C. academic D. potential II. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. explore B. destination C. magnificence D. accessible 2. A. prioritise B. energetic C. communicate D. responsible 3. A. stimulate B. organize C. efficient D. terminal 4. A. excursion B. delicious C. stalagmite D. holiday 5. A. apprenticeship B. compassionate C. entrepreneur D. articulate 6. A. affect B. machine C. challenge D. promote III. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word. 1. She asked me ____ the seat ____ or not. A. If / had occupied B. Whether / was occupied C. If / has been occupied D. Whether / occupied 2. The policeman asked us ____. A. had any of us seen the accident happen B. If had any of us seen the accident happen C. Whether any of us had seen the accident happen D. that if any of us had seen the accident happen 3. It is important that applicants put modesty aside and show ____ in their CV. A. self-confidence B. self-control C. self-determination D. self-discipline 4. Increasingly recruiters are looking for graduates who are ready for the global ____ and an international career. A. workforce B. workroom C. workstation D. workshop 5. I asked him ____, but he said nothing. A. what the matter was B. what was the matter C. the matter was what D. what's the matter was 6. James ____ him up when the bus reached the square. A. told me wake B. asked me to wake C. said me to wake D. requested me waking 7. Excuse me. Could you tell me ____? A. what time is it B. what is the time C. what time it is D. it is what time 8. We wonder ____ from his office after that scandal. A. why did he not resign B. why he did not resign C. why he not resign D. why didn't he resign Page 277

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9. Fixed term employment also known as contract work is used for single projects or to replace workers on ____. A. permission B. leave C. goodbye D. absence 10. Employers will often take on students for a ____ but you can also apply for as internship after you graduate. A. leap year B. gap year C. light year D. calendar year 11. Jeff wanted to know ____. A. that why were his friends laughing B. why were his friends laughing C. why his friends were laughing D. the reason why his friends laughing 12. Mr. Hawk told me that he would give me his answer the ____ day. A. previous B. following C. before D. last 13. She ____ him whether he liked the steak she cooked. A. asks B. wondered C. wanted to know D. asked 14. Over the past decade, there has been a significant ____ in full time work in Australia from 89% to approximately two-thirds of the workforce. A. increase B. reduce C. redundancy D. decline 15. A CV is a concise document which summarizes your past existing professional skills, proficiency and ____. A. qualifications B. experiences C. reputation D. feelings 16. His neighbors sometimes wondered ____ he did for a living. A. why B. when C. where D. what 17. Could you please tell me ____? A. It is how far to the nearest bus stop B. how far is it to the nearest bus stop C. how far to the nearest bus stop is it D. how far it is to the nearest bus stop 18. Marigold wondered ____ Kevin and Ruth would be at the party. A. that B. whether C. if D. B & C 19. He asked me ____. A. how long I have studied English B. how long had I studied English C. how long I had study English D. how long I had studied English 20. The purpose of a CV is to ____ that you have the necessary skills to do the job for which you are applying. A. determine B. express C. demonstrate D. define 21. If your CV is always ____ then you can quite easily fill in those online applications because you have got all that information to hand. A. out-of-date B. up-to-date C. up-and-down D. up-and-coming 22. The passenger asked ____ we landed. A. what B. when C. if D. why 23. She asked Nam what ____ in that room. A. he is doing B. he was doing C. was he doing D. she was doing 24. "I didn't take your calculator", Bob said to Mary. A. Bob told Mary he hadn't taken her calculator. B. Bob told Mary I didn't take your calculator. C. Bob told Mary he haven't taken her calculator. D. Bob told Mary he had taken her calculator. 25. "I didn't break your watch". A. The boy told the girl he hadn't broken her watch.

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B. The boy told the girl he didn't break her watch. C. The boy asked the girl he hadn't broken her watch. D. The boy told the girl he hadn't broken your watch. IV. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable word from the box. important procedures airlines training career applicants cluttered recruiter expectations attitudes 1. Today, more jobs call for a degree or ____ training ___ past high school. 2. Now, workers create their own ____ career _____ paths with one or many employers. 3. Firstly, this is ____ important ____ to get along well with your crew, because you will be spending a lot of time with those people. 4. Their duties include advising passengers on proper emergency ___ procedures ____, and conveying the information in a clear manner. 5. Some _____ airlines _____ offer to work for a month and then you have some time off. 6. Flight attendants need to be attentive, not just to satisfy passenger ___ expectations ____, but to notice when something is not quite right, either with a passenger or a piece of equipment. 7. On the same flight attendants may encounter passengers of all educational levels, cultures and __ attitudes __. 8. Some employers require job _____ applicants ____ to provide references with their job application rather than later on in the hiring process. 9. You must leave plenty of white space on your CV, so it will not appear _____ cluttered ______. 10. A good CV can persuade the ____ recruiter ____ to put you through to the next round. V. Fill in the blank with a suitable preposition. 1. You should prioritize the sentences _____about_____ your qualifications and incorporate the hardest hitting statements into your covering letter. 2. Include the most relevant skills ______in______ your resume and your application form. 3. Whether communicating ____with____ fellow educators, administrators, students or parents, teachers need exceptional communication skills. 4. Kindness and compassion are the major essence _____of__ the character of an effective nurse. 5. Can you sort it _____into______ a shortlist of between seven and ten? 6. A gap year provides an opportunity _____to_______ develop a variety of skills, which could impress potential employers. 7. If sending a CV as a hard copy, ___along_____ with a job application, then it needs to be neat and typed if possible. 8. You should tailor a CV to a specific job because it is vital ____to_____ ensure the script is relevant to each job application, rather than sending the same CV. 9. Probation involves an initial period of employment, usually one to six months, where employers assess whether an employee is capable _____of_____ fulfilling the requirements of a job. 10. Galactic Odyssey Tours offers an exciting opportunity _____for_____ a guide on our new space holidays. VI. Give the correct form of the words to complete the following sentences. 1. A resume is the doorway to an interview, so you have to present your skills and ____qualifications_____ in a clear and concise manner. QUALIFIED 2. A good teacher always seems to be the one who is ____willing_____ to share what he has learned with colleagues. WILL 3. Being well-organized is a great way to ___demonstrate____ to your coworkers and manager that you are reliable, competent and able to get the job done. DEMONSTRATION Page 279

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4. He seemed the most ____approachable____ of everyone he'd met. APPROACH 5. Generally, my ____priorities____ in life are first my family, and second my work. PRIORITY 6. ____irrelevance_____ are fixed term employments, usually three to five years, for the purpose of employment training. RELEVANT 7. The supervisor is quite approachable, so don't __hesitate___ to bring up any problems you have. HESITATE 8. You have a lot of different things to do in this job, so it is important to prioritize your tasks to make sure the most ____important_____ things are done first. IMPORTANCE 9. There was only one other customer and several baristas talking ___loudly____ behind the counter. LOUD 10. A __dealership____ is a company that has permission to sell a particular product. DEALER VII. Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to show the underlined part that needs correction. 1. Mrs. Emmanuelle told to Alice to give her a hand. A B C D 2. John said the taxi driver to turn left at the first traffic lights. A B C D 3. Mary ordered John if he could carry her suitcase, please. A B C D 4. Johnson Nancy Lee asked me if would I like to have dinner with her. A B C D 5. Hoa asked Lan whether did she like sports or not. A B C D 6. Ba told to Tuan if he could ride his bicycle to school. A B C D 7. Phong asked Peter whether he enjoys reading books or not. A B C D 8. Mary promised her boy friend that she would expect to see him next Wednesday. A B C D 9. A tourist asked how far was it from Ho Chi Minh City to Hue. A B C D 10. He asked Lan how many people there are in her family. A B C D VIII. Choose the word in the box that best fits the blank space in the following passage. functional candidates flexible employee qualifications Managers experience potential description perception Most companies only have a vague idea of what they want in an (1) ____ employee ___. In addition, on paper it's extremely difficult to decipher one job applicant's abilities from another. It is because of these two points that companies usually compile a list of job (2) ___ qualifications ___ and experience requirements that actually overshoot the position's (3) ____ functional ___ needs. The employer's goal is to simply weed out the inexperienced people before they apply, leaving more time to interview the top (4) ____ candidates _____. However, most of the time all this method does is to scare young, capable talent away. One essential point you must be aware of is that most job requirements, especially those related to experience, are extremely (5) ____ flexible ____. Requirements listed in an employment ad are usually just a rough sketch of the ideal hard skills specific to a job (6) ____ description ____. Soft skills, on the other

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hand, are usually loosely mentioned in employment ads. Yet when it comes to a formal interview, soft skills have the greatest impact on an employer's (7) _____ perception ____ of a potential employee. (8) ____ Managers ____ will hire people they like before they hire the most qualified or experienced applicant. That's the bottom line. Never let the supposed job qualifications or (9) ___ experience ____ requirements stand in your way of applying. If you know you can handle the job, you are probably the employee the employer wants. All you have to do is to make aware of your (10) ____ potential ___. IX. Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage. No matter who we are or where we are from, we only have 24 hours each day to get things done. Some people seem to make the most (1) ____ their time, using it to achieve their goals and dreams. Others feel that life is passing them by and they aren't (2) ____ anything. If you are in the latter group, it is not too late to turn things around. By implementing a few simple hacks, you can start getting better results very quickly. If you want to become more productive, it pays to learn about the Pareto (3) ____ (which is also known as the 80-20 rule). It states that for most tasks, 80 percent of the results we get come from 20 percent of the work we do. For example, 80 percent of the company sales usually come from 20 percent of customers. Therefore, the trick is to focus your (4) ____ on the key 20 percent of actions that truly matter to greatly improve your results. In some cases, people may be busy from morning to night but still seem to get nothing done. In this (5) ____, the problem might be that clear goals haven't been set. To fix this, set some time aside to list the things you want to achieve in life. Then, select the top three or four that you want to focus on for the next year. Look at your goals every night before bedtime and ask yourself what are the next (6) ____ to accomplish each day. Then, promise yourself that you will finish these tasks no matter how busy you get. If possible try completing the tasks first thing in the morning so you are (7) ____ of success. Another common mistake regarding productivity is not considering our (8) ____ levels. If we try to work around the clock, we will eventually get tired and quit. Everyone needs time to sleep, eat, (9) ____ with friends, and unwind from the stress of the day. To make sure you don't burn out, be sure to schedule some time for breaks and fun activities into your (10) ____ every day. Finally, no matter how difficult your goals may seem, remember the old saying that "a journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step". 1. A. off B. on C. of D. over 2. A. extinguished B. accomplishing C. distinct D. invalid 3. A. principle B. death C. debt D. despair 4. A. efforts B. rubbish C. essence D. mixture 5. A. container B. origin C. house D. situation 6. A. result B. impression C. actions D. motivation 7. A. assured B. found C. funded D. fixed 8. A. defence B. energy C. preservation D. rescue 9. A. continue B. endure C. prolong D. socialize 10. A. occurs B. pollutes C. schedule D. suffers X. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions. Simply being bilingual doesn't qualify someone to interpret. Interpreting is not only a mechanical process of converting one sentence in language A into the same sentence in language B. Rather, its a complex art in which thoughts and idioms that have no obvious counterparts from tongue to tongue _ or words that have several meanings must be quickly transformed in such a way that the message is clearly and accurately expressed to the listener. Page 281

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At one international conference, an American speaker said, "You can't make a silk purse out of a sows ear", which meant nothing to the Spanish audience. The interpretation was, "A monkey in a silk dress is still a monkey" an idiom the Spanish understood and that expressed the same idea. There are 2 kinds of interpreters, simultaneous and consecutive. The former sitting in a separated booth, usually at a large multilingual conference, speaks to listeners wearing headphones, interpreting what a foreign language speaker says actually a sentence behind. Consecutive interpreters are the ones most international negotiations use. They are employed for smaller meetings without sound booths and headphones. Consecutive interpretation also requires two-person teams. A foreign speaker says his piece while the interpreter, using a special shorthand takes notes and during a pause, tells the client what was said. 1. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To differentiate between simultaneous and consecutive interpreters. B. To state the qualifications of an interpreter. C. To point out the importance of an interpreter. D. To explain the scope of interpreting. 2. What is a difference mentioned between a simultaneous interpreter and a consecutive interpreter? A. The size of group with whom they work. B. Their proficiency in the language. C. The type of dictionary they use. D. The money they are paid. 3. The word "converting" is closest in meaning to ____. A. changing B. concluding C. understanding D. reading 4. The author implies that most people have the opinion that the skill of interpreting is ____. A. very complex and demanding B. based on principles of business C. simpler than it really is D. highly valued and admired 5. The phrase "the former" refers to ____. A. simultaneous interpreters B. the conference C. consecutive interpreters D. the booth 6. The example "You can't make a silk purse out of a sows ear" is used to ____. A. point out the difference in attributes of animals in English and Spanish B. emphasize the need for translation of the meaning of what is said C. show the differences in language A. and language B D. stress the importance of word for word translation 7. The word "rather" is closest in meaning to ____. A. In brief B. on the contrary C. in general D. as a result 8. Which of the following would a consecutive interpreter be used for? A. An interpretation of a major literary work. B. A business transaction between 2 foreign speakers. C. A large meeting of many nations. D. A translation of a foreign book. XI. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions. INTERNET JOBS Contrary to popular belief, one does not have to be a trained programmer to work online. Of course, there are plenty of jobs available for people with high-tech computer skills, but the growth of new media has opened up a wide range of Internet career opportunities requiring only a minimal level of technical expertise. Probably one of the most well-known online job opportunities is the job of Webmaster. However, it is hard to define one basic job description for this position. The qualifications and responsibilities depend on what tasks a particular organization needs a Webmaster to perform. Page 282

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To specify the job description of a Webmaster, one needs to identify the hardware and software the website the Webmaster will manage is running on. Different types of hardware and software require different skill sets to manage them. Another key factor is whether the website will be running internally or externally (renting shared space on the company servers). Finally, the responsibilities of a webmaster also depend on whether he or she will be working independently, or whether the firm will provide people to help. All of these factors need to be considered before one can create an accurate webmaster job description. Webmaster is one type of Internet career requiring in-depth knowledge of the latest computer applications. However, there are also online jobs available for which traditional skills remain in high demand. Content jobs require excellent writing skills and a good sense of the web as a "new media'. The term "new media" is difficult to define because it compasses a constantly growing set of new technologies and skills. Specifically, it includes websites, email internet technology, CD-ROM, DVD, streaming audio and video, interactive multimedia presentations, e-books, digital music, computer illustration, video games, virtual reality, and computer artistry. Additionally, many of today's Internet careers are becoming paid-by-the-job professions. With many companies having to downsize in tough economic items, the outsourcing and contracting of freelance workers online has become common business practice. The Internet provides an infinite pool of buyers from around the world with whom freelancers can contract their services. An added benefit to such their own country. online jobs is that freelancers are able to work on projects with companies outside How much can a person make in these kinds of careers? As with many questions related to today's evolving technology, there is no simple answer. There are many companies willing to pay people with Internet skills salaries well over $70,000 a year. Generally, webmasters start at about $30,000 per year, but salaries can vary greatly. Freelance writers working online have been known to make between $40,000 to $70,000 a year. 1. 1. Which of the followings is true about the job of the freelance writers? A. They may work with others in the company. B. It is considered a "content" job. C. They manage hardware and software. D. They require in-depth knowledge of applications 2. The word "vary" in paragraph 6 can be best replaced by ____. A. decrease B. change C. differ D. increase 3. It can be inferred from the passage that ____. A. only skilled workers make good money. B. online workers can work full-time online. C. it is easy to become a webmaster. D. workers with limited computer skills cannot work online. 4. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE of webmasters? A. They never work independently. B. The duties they perform depend on the organization they work for. C. They require a minimal level of expertise. D. They do not support software products. 5. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To inform people about the tasks and the roles of a webmaster. B. To inform people about employment related to the Internet. C. To inform people about the computer industry. D. To explain why webmasters make a lot of money. 6. According to the passage, all of the followings are TRUE except ____. A Webmasters must have knowledge of the latest computer applications. Page 283

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ƠN

FI CI A

B. Online workers cannot free themselves from the office. C. "New media" is not easy to define. D. There are online jobs available for workers with minimal computer skills. 7. Which of the followings is not mentioned as part of the "new media"? A. Internet technology B. writing skills C. websites D. video games 8. The word "identify" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____. A. name B. discover C. encounter D. estimate XII. Choose the best answer. 1. "Eat more fruit and vegetables", the doctor said. A. The doctor said eat more fruit and vegetables. B. The doctor said to eat more fruit and vegetables. C. The doctor said me to eat more fruit and vegetables. D. The doctor told me eat more fruit and vegetables. 2. "Read the instructions before you switch on the machine", he said to me. A. He told me to read the instructions before I switched on the machine. B. He told me read the instructions before I switched on the machine. C. He told to read the instructions before I switched on the machine. D. He said to read the instructions before you switched on the machine. 3. "Shut the door but don't lock it", she said to us. A. She told us to shut the door but don't lock it. B. She told us to shut the door but not to lock it. C. She told us shut the door but don't lock it. D. She told us shut the door but not to lock it. 4. "Can you speak more slowly? I can't understand", he said to me. A. He asked me to speak more slowly because he couldn't understand. B. He asked me to speak more slowly and he couldn't understand. C. He asked me to speak more slowly but he couldn't understand. D. He asked me to speak more slowly. He can't understand. 5. "Don't come before 6 o'clock", I said to him. A. I told him don't come before 6 o'clock. B. I told him to come not before 6 o'clock. C. I told to him not to come before 6 o'clock. D. I told him not to come before 6 o'clock. 6. "I can see you later", he said. A. He said he could see me later. B. He said I can see you later. C. He said I can see you later . D. He said he can see me later. 7. "I shall tell him exactly what I think", she said. A. She said she should tell him exactly what she thought. B. She said she would tell him exactly what she thought. C. She said she shall tell him exactly what she thinks. D. She said I would tell him exactly what I thought. 8. "Are you willing to travel?" she asked. A. She asked me am I willing to travel. B. She asked me if I am willing to travel. C. She asked me was I willing to travel. D. She asked me if I was willing to travel. 9. "You should see a specialist", he told me. A. He told me I should see a specialist. B. He told me you should see a specialist. C. He told me I should have seen a specialist. D. He told me to should see a specialist. 10. "I would like a appointment tomorrow", I said to my dentist.

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DẠ

KÈ

QU Y

ƠN

FI CI A

A. I told my dentist that I would like an appointment the next day. B. I told my dentist that I would like a appointment tomorrow. C. I told my dentist that I would have liked an appointment the next day. D. I told my dentist that I would have liked an appointment tomorrow. 11. "You ought to slow down a bit", the doctor told Jim. A. The doctor told Jim ought to slow down a bit. B. The doctor told Jim that ought to slow down a bit. C. The doctor told Jim that he ought to slow down a bit. D. The doctor told Jim that he slowed down a bit. 12. "I must have slept through the alarm", she said. A. She said she must have slept through the alarm. B. She said I must have slept through the alarm. C. She said she left through the alarm D. She said she had to have slept through the alarm. 13. "I must have slept through the alarm", she said. A. She said she must have slept through the alarm. B. She said I must have slept through the alarm. C. She said she slept through the alarm. D. She said she had to have slept through the alarm. 14. "You needn't come in tomorrow", the boss said. A. The boss said I needn't come in tomorrow. B. The boss said you needn't come in the next day. C. The boss said I didn't have to come in tomorrow. D. The boss said I needn't come in the next day. 15. "If you pass your test, I'll buy you a car", he said. A. He said that If I pass my test, he'll buy me a car. B. He said that If you pass your test, he would buy you a car. C. He said that If I pass my test, he would buy me a car. D. He said that If I had pass my test, he would have bought me a car. 16. "If you passed you test, I would buy you a car", he said. A. He said that if I passed my test, he would buy you a car. B. He said that if you had passed your test, he would have bought you a car. C. He said that if I had passed my test, he would have bought me a car. D. He said that if you passed your test, he would buy you a car. 17. "If you'd passed your test, I'd have ought you a car", he said. A. He said that I'd passed my test, he'd have bought me a car. B. He said that if I passed my test, he would buy me a car. C. He said that if you had passed your test, he would have bought you a car. D. He said that if you had passed your test, he would buy you a car. 18. "What a silly boy you are!" she exclaimed. A. She told him what a silly boy you are. B. She told him what a silly boy he is. C. She told him what a silly boy he was. D. She told him what a silly boy you were. 19. The police officer said to us, "Where are you going?" A. The police officer asked us where we were going? B. The police officer asked us where were we going? C. The police officer asked us where are we going?

Page 285

FI CI A

D. The police officer asked us where we are going? 20. Clair asked, "What time do the banks close?" A. Claire wanted to know what time the banks close? B. Claire wanted to know what time do the banks close? C. Claire wanted to know what time did the banks close? D. Claire wanted to know what time the banks closed?

TEST 3 Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. B. applicant

C. candidate

D. management

2. A. relevant

B. energetic

C. enthusiastic

3. A. organized

B. prioritize

C. important

4. A. competitive

B. entrepreneur

C. apprenticeship

D. conscientious

5. A. challenging

B. energetic

C. management

D. organized

1. A. advertisement

D. engineer

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D. opportunity

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. B. apprenticeship

C. administration

D. prioritize

7. A. advertisement

B. probation

C. competitive

D. relevant

8. A. organization

B. enthusiastic

C. compassionate

D. qualification

9. A. encourage

B. interview

C. graduate

D. organize

10. A. successful

B. significant

C. experienced

D. challenging

QU Y

Part II. VOCABULARY

6. A. experience

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 11. He has all the right ____ for the job.

B. degrees

A. certificates

C. diplomas

D. qualifications

12. Before we apply for any jobs, we need to prepare a good CV and a ____ very carefully.

KÈ

A. resume

B.job interview

C. covering letter overing

D. reference

13. Employers always want job ____ to be able to demonstrate their skills and qualities. A. employees

B. workers

C. staff

D. applicants

14. There are usually a lot of job seekers applying for one position. Only a few of them are ____ for an interview.

DẠ

A. shortlisted

B. listed

C. screened

D. tested

15. My application was not successful; there were more than 4,000 applicants and only 20 were selected. I realized that apprenticeship were very ____. Page 286

A. demanding

B. crowding

C. competitive

D. difficult 104

16. When preparing a CV, university ____ can consider attaching a separate report about official work experience during the course. C. candidates

D. applicants

17. An apprentice is required to do several years' ____. A. coaching

B. education

C. formation

D. training

18. According to everyone in the ____, she's a very good boss. A. apartment

B. compartment

C. department

19. She's looking for a better position with another ____. B. firm

C. house

20. It's wise to think about choosing a ____ before leaving school. A. business

B. career

C. living

21. A doctor is a member of a respected ____. B. profession B. apply

D. work

C. ask

D. request

B. fill in

23. You'll probably have to ____ an application form. A. fill down

D. profession

C. trade

22. If you want a job, you have to ____ for one. A. applicate

D. society

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A. occupation

D. employment

A. association

C. fill on

B. leavers

FI CI A

A. graduates

D. fill through

24. And you'll need to give the names of two or three ____. A. hostages

B. judges

C. referees

D. umpires

QU Y

25. All the members of our ____ are expected to work hard. A. personal

B. personnel

C. staff

D. gang

26. Some of my work is interesting, but a lot of it is just ____. A. habit

B. practice

C. tradition

D. routine

27. If you are paid monthly, rather than weekly, you receive ____. B. a reward

A. revenue

C. a salary

D. wages

KÈ

28. The purpose of running a business is to make a ____. A. service

B. profit

C. money

D. contribution

29. The ____ were delivered to the warehouse by lorry. A. data

B. goods

C. material

D. stuff

30. Many young people travel all over the world and do all kinds of jobs before they ____.

DẠ

A. lie down

B. settle down

C. touch down

D. put down

31. In Britain, people are usually unwilling to tell other people how much they ____. A. earn

B. obtain

C. deserves

D. gain Page 287

32. If you're a(n) ____ you have to do what your boss tells you. A. director

B. employee

C. employer

D. manager

33. You can earn more money by working ____. B. overhours

C. overtime

D. supplementary hours

A. extraordinary hours A. eternal

B. reliable

C. permanent

FI CI A

34. It's difficult these days for a young person to find a well-paid ____ job.

D. stable

35. She was ____ after three years with the company. A. advanced

B. raised

C. elevated

D. promoted

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. A. fascinating

B. rewarding

36. My work is challenging, of course, because it involves both a sales function and a technique function. C. stimulating

D. demanding

37. She's doing well so she was promoted last year. Now she's in charge of a small team of four people. B. supervises

C. takes over

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A. controls

D. rules

38. Somebody looks at the detailed specification for the installation and then another colleague researches the cost of the labor and materials. B. employee

C. staff

A. co-worker

D. supervisor

39. I've been working here for over ten years now and I'm on first-name terms with everyone, even the CEO. A. getting on

QU Y

C. having an informal/friendly relationship

B. happy D. satisfied

40. Jane used to be very excellent as a child and now she's the CEO of a big multi-national company. However, her brother is a blue-collar worker in a small local factory. A. mental

B. low-paid

C. manual

D. regular

41. Employers usually look for candidates who have qualifications and relevant experience. B. rich

A. excellent

C. appropriate

D. extensive

KÈ

42. I registered with some online employment agencies, and they found a vacancy almost immediately. A. work

B. an available job

C. career

D. place

43. Jacob was made redundant last month due to his company's downsizing policy. He's on a short-term

contract with a medium-sized company at the moment. A. permanent

B. temporary

A. relevant

B. prior

C. part-time

D. full-time

DẠ

44. When applying for a certain job, you'll be at an advantage if you have hands-on experience. C. practical

D. considerable

45. When the factory closed, over a hundred people were made redundant. Page 288

A. fired

B. sacked

C. laid off

D. appointed

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. B. long-lasting

C. temporary

D. limited

FI CI A

A. long-term

46. Should you hire a full-time employee on a permanent contract?

47. If the candidates can perform well and impress the interviewers during the interview, they can be recruited. A. taken on

B. dismissed

C. employed

D. chosen

48. To become a librarian, you need to be really well-organized. A. in order

B. neat and tidy

C. compassionate

D. messy

49. What exactly are white collar workers? They are people who work in offices and administrative positions. A. manual

B. intellectual

C. official

D. desk-job

ƠN

50. Most, not to say all of the employers want to look for candidates with punctuality, so make sure you make a positive impression on them by showing up on time for the interview. B. ability to meet deadlines

Part III. GRAMMAR

A. good time management

C. being late

D. being in time

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 51. The shop assistant finally agreed ____ a full refund. A. giving me

B. to give me

C. give to me

D. to me to give

A. I hadn't invited him C. I hadn't him invited

QU Y

52. Bill asked me why ____ to go shopping with me. B. hadn't I invited him D. hadn't I him invited

53. "Don't come to the interview late," my mom said. A. My mom told me do not come to the interview late.

B. My mom told me did not come to the interview late.

KÈ

C. My mom told me not to come to the interview late. D. My mom told me not coming to the interview late. 54. "I will help you with your CV, Mary," Peter said. B. Peter promised to help Mary with her CV.

C. Peter advised Mary not to write her CV.

A. Peter advised Mary to write the CV.

D. Peter wanted Mary to help with the CV.

A. You had better stop drinking

B. You had better to drink

C. I would like you to drink

D. Please drink some more

DẠ

55. “____,” the doctor advised his patient.

Page 289

56. The woman said she ____ in this company for over 20 years. A. has been working

B. was working

C. had been working

D. works

57. US scientists claim that they ____ a new vaccine against malaria. C. had developed

58. If you saw a layer, he'd advise you ____ legal action. A. take

B. taking

C. to take

D. for taking

59. The lecturer recommended ____ a number of books before the exam. A. reading

B. to read

C. we reading

D. to have read

60. The boss ____ because he was always behind the deadlines.

B. suggested him to dismiss

C. threatened him to dismiss

D. promised him to dismiss

B. promised

C. demanded

62. “____” Jim offered. A. Can I get you a drink?

B. May I drink?

A. We would like to work overtime B. We had better work overtime

D. required

C. Do you want to drink?

D. Could I drink?

63. “____,” the workers refused.

ƠN

A. urged

A. threatened to dismiss him 61. “Go ahead. Jump again,” the instructor ____.

D. was developing

B. have developed

FI CI A

A. were developed

C. We're afraid that we really don't want to work overtime D. We're willing to work overtime

QU Y

64. “____,” Paul reminded me.

A. Don't forget to tailor your CV to match the job descriptions B. I would tailor your CV if you do not mind C. I remember to tailor the CV

D. I remember tailoring your CV

KÈ

A. did he want

65. Ellie asked Stan ____ to look at the new catalogue. B. do you want

C. whether he wants

D. if he wanted

C. told

D. claimed

66. Stephen ____ me he'd bought that suit in a sale. A. said

B. spoke

67. “What did the man say when you challenged him?”

“He said he ____ pay for the things in his bag, but I didn't believe him!”

DẠ

A. is going to

B. has been going to

C. goes to

D. was going to

68. When I last saw Carrie, she told me she ____ of applying for another job, but now she's changed her

mind.

Page 290

A. thought

B. is thinking

C. was thinking

D. has been thinking

69. “What did they say when they realized you weren't a shoplifter?” “They apologized ____ me.” C. for doubting

70. “What did Maria ask you?” “She asked me ____ I had ever been abroad.” A. that

B. whether

C. for

D. the doubt of

B. they had doubted

FI CI A

A. to doubt

D. About

71. It's about time Mrs Richards apologized to me ____ me a gossip in front of everybody. A. to have called

B. from calling

C. that she called

D. for having called

72. She may claim ____ a PhD but nobody's ever actually seen the certificate. B. to have

C. for having

D. if she has

A. having

73. Tammy responded ____ that at least she'd never lied to her parents. A. to say

B. that she said

C. by saying

ƠN

74. The woman asked ____ get lunch at school.

D. with having said

A. can the children

B. if the children can D. could the children

75. They said they had got back ____. A. the following day

C. whether the children could

B. the day after tomorrow

day

C. the next day

D. the previous

76. The accused denied ____ in the vicinity of the murder scene. been

B. have ever been

QU Y

A. to have ever been

C. having been ever

D. ever having

77. We complained ____ the manager ____ the poor service we received at the restaurant. A. on - about

B. at - for

C. with - of

D. to - about

78. Police are advising ____ away from the building.

A. people to stay

KÈ

stay

B. people staying

C. people stay

D. people will

79. The old man warned the young boys ____ in the deep river. A. to swim

B. not to swim

C. don't swim

D. against not swimming

80. “You must give me your essays,” Mrs. Vine said.

Mrs. Vine said we ____ give her our essays.

DẠ

A. were having to

B. will have to

C. had to

D. would have to

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. Page 291

81. He complained with his friends about the terrible working condition at that factory. A

82. She refused to tell me what was the director's salary was because that information was confidential. B

FI CI A

83. You had better learning a foreign language before applying for a job.

84. The applicant asked the head of the human resources department to tell him what the skills he needed in A

order to get that job.

85. My friend offered finding more information about the company that I was applying to. B

86. She asked me what the most important thing to remember at an interview is. A

ƠN

87. The shop has volunteered that it will deliver the chairs by the end of the week. C

88. The old man warned the children to not swim in that river because it was very deep and dangerous. B

89. We were disappointed when the receptionist tells that the hotel was fully booked that week. A

90. Before the meeting finished, they arranged when they met next. B

Part IV. SPEAKING

QU Y

Exercise 8. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.

91. "Hello, may I speak to the manager please?" “____”

A. No, you may not.

KÈ

welcome.

B. That's OK.

C. Hold on, please

D. You're

C. No, thanks.

D. I'm terribly

92. “Hi, Chris. Good day at work?” “ ____” A. Yeah, not bad, thanks. sorry.

B. I'm fine, thanks.

DẠ

it!”

93. "Your email was a bit of a shock: Rob trying to sell the coffee shop to Café Pronto. I couldn't believe A. Me, too.

B. So could I.

C. I couldn't, too.

D. Me neither.

94. “Congratulations! You did a great job!” “ ____” Page 292

A. It's my pleasure.

B. You're welcome.

C. It's nice of you to say so.

D. That's OK.

95. “Could you pick me up before 4 p.m?” “ ____ I'll be still working then." B. Yes, I could.

C. I'm afraid I can't.

D. Yes, of course.

96. “What do you usually do on your days off?” “____” B. I often do not much.

C. Nothing much. I usually sleep until 10 a.m.

D. Very few.

97. “I'll help you write the CV if you want.” “____”

FI CI A

A. I usually ride to work.

A. I don't want.

B. Really? That's very kind of you.

C. You shouldn't.

D. I really want.

98. “What do you do?” “____” B. I work in advertising.

C. I do as an advertiser.

D. I am an advert.

A. What do you do?

A. I hope so.

99. “That'new French restaurant does a fixed price menu for only £18.” “____” B. l'll save a bit of money.

C. What a waste of money.

D. It costs a fortune.

ƠN

A. It's very good value for money. 100. "Can I pay by credit card?" "____” C. Yes, we take Visa and Master card.

B. Yes, I think I've got some pound coins.

A. Well, there's 10% off if you pay cash.

D. Not too bad.

101. "Mandy doesn't seem very happy at the moment. Is she finding the course difficult?" “____” C. Yes, she's happy.

QU Y

A. No, the course is difficult.

B. No, she's going to drop out.

D. Yes, I think she's going to drop out and get a job.

102. "Hi, Susie, I haven't seen you around much recently." “____” A. No, I've been at home revising most nights.

B. Me neither.

C. Well, me too.

D. I haven't seen you for ages, either.

103. "What gave you the impression that Greg was depressed?" “____” B. Oh, I don't know. He just seemed a bit down.

C. He depressed me.

D. He's really depressing.

KÈ

A. Mary told me.

104. "What are your weaknesses?" “____” A. I'm not weak.

B. In fact, I'm very strong.

C. Well, I suppose I'm a bit of a perfectionist.

D. I'm perfect

105. "How do you do. Nice to meet you!” “____” B. How do you do. Nice to meet you, too.

C. Not bad. What about you?

D. It's very kind of you to say so.

DẠ

A. I'm fine, thank you.

Part V. READING Page 293

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. A MORE COMMERCIAL TUNE

Roger Press, 40, has changed his career. After spending five years (106) ____ a concert pianist he

FI CI A

has gone into business, recently (107) ____ up his own company. "After leaving university I decided to (108) ____ myself to a career in music. I loved performing but it was very hard (109) ____. I played at concerts in Europe and America, made recordings and got good (110) ____. But after a while I felt I had gone as (111) ____ as I could. Unless you are one of the world's top pianists, it's difficult to earn a good (112) ____ and I wasn't one of the greatest.

When I (113) ____ up my performing career, people around me were more sad and disappointed

than I was. But I felt free and (114) ____ I knew I was getting serious about life. After getting a (115) ____ in business administration I joined the recording company EMI and started their classical video division, producing programs about famous artists. A year ago I left EMI and formed a new

ƠN

company, New Media System, which (116) ____ in multimedia programs. Now that I run my own business I'm in control of my life and I feel proud of my achievements. Although the stress is high and I work (117) ____ hours, the stress involved in piano playing was

much worse. It took physical, emotional and mental skills. I prefer the pressures I live with now.' B. working

C. how

D. as

107. A. giving

B. setting

C. forming

D. bringing

108. A. devote

B. take

C. assign

D. employ

109. A. job

B. effort

C. work

D. career

110. A. reviews

B. critics

C. reports

D. praise

111. A. soon

B. often

C. far

D. much

112. A. life

B. living

C. money

D. payment

113. A. took

B. brought

C. gave

D. put

114. A. lastly

B. at last

C. at the end

D. lately D. grade

QU Y

106. A. like

C. graduate

116. A. specializes

B. focuses

C. concentrates

D. dedicates

117. A. overtim

B. large

C. long

D. bonus

KÈ

115. A. qualification B. title

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to

DẠ

each of the questions. LINDA GREENLAW: SWORDFISH FISHERMAN

Page 294

Not only does Linda Greenlaw do one of the most dangerous jobs in the world, but also does it extremely well. She has been described as ‘one of the best captains on the entire East Coast’ and that, in one of the leading countries in the fishing industry, is praise indeed.

Linda was born and brought up on Isle au Haut, a tiny island ten kilometers off the coast of Maine,

FI CI A

USA. She fell in love with fishing as a child, and she worked on fishing boats during her summer breaks from college.

Her first opportunity to go on a deep-sea fishing trip came when she was nineteen. Alden Leeman, a man she'd never met before, hired her for thirty days on his sword-fishing boat. The trip was a

success and eventually Alden offered Linda her first boat to captain in 1986, which probably made her the only woman ever to captain a sword-fishing boat.

So, why did she take up swordfishing in the first place? Linda says that not only does she like the way she feels on a boat, but she also gets passionate about catching a fish. More than anything, she's proud of being a fisherman, even more so than she is of being a best-selling author.

ƠN

Linda has published four books to date, the first of which, The Hungry Ocean, was top of the New York bestseller list for three months. In it, Linda tells the story of one fishing trip and narrates the adventures she experienced on board with her five-man crew, including bad weather, sickness,

mechanical problems and, of course, the fish.

But the world of fish and fishing is a man's world and it's not easy to find a word to describe Linda Greenlaw. In her own words, she says: 'I am a woman. I am a fisherman. I am not a "fisherwoman”, 118. Linda is ____. A. American

QU Y

“fisherlady", or "fishergirl”.’ B. British

C. Canadian

D. Greek

119. Her first deep-sea fishing trip was ____. A. when she was thirty

B. when she was a child

C. before she was twenty

D. in 1986

120. Linda took up swordfishing because ____.

B. she wanted to become a best-selling author

C. all her family are fishermen

D. she loves boats and catching fish

KÈ

A. she needed to earn some money

121. On the boat described in The Hungry Ocean ____. A. there were five people

B. there were six people

C. there were four people

D. there were three people

122. Linda prefers to be described as ____.

DẠ

A. a fisherwoman

B. a fisherlady

C. a fisherman

D. a fishergirl

Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions. Page 295

A WRITER'S LIFE: G P TAYLOR J. K. Rowling may be responsible for the revival of fantasy fiction. But her contemporary rivals, many of whom have benefited from her success, seem reluctant to give her credit for starting a trend.

Philip Pullman, for example, points out that Northern Lights, the first volume in his trilogy His Dark

FI CI A

Materials, was published a year before Harry Potter's adventures began. So it comes as a surprise

when G P Taylor concedes that he only wrote a novel because of the enormous popularity of Harry Potter.

Taylor is the Yorkshire vicar who sold his motorbike to self-publish 2,000 copies of his first novel, Shadowmancer, a book that was subsequently picked up by publishers Faber and got to number one in the New York Times bestseller list. His novels conjure up dark, chilling worlds in which the super

natural threatens to take over, yet he describes his life as a writer in flatly functional terms. For

example, he is able to name the exact day that he became a novelist: March 21, 2002. 'It was one of woman's written a book. I might write one." ’

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those seminal moments in my life. Harry Potter was becoming very popular. And I thought, “This ‘I got a copy of Harry Potter, counted the number of words that were on the page, measured the width of the margin, counted the number of chapters in the book, how many pages were in the book

and set my computer screen up so that it would have 468 Words on the page. My chapters were the same length as the Harry Potter chapters; I thought, “This must be how you write the book.” The Harry Potter formula has its faults, of course. Stephen King was once asked what he thought of Rowling's novels. Were they thought-provoking'? King thought not. But did that matter, he

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wondered, in a 'fantasy-adventure aimed primarily at children and published in the heart of the summer vacation'? His conclusion was unequivocal: ‘Of course not. What kids on summer vacation want - and probably deserve - is simple, uncomplicated fun.' Shadowmancer is a simple and uncomplicated fantasy - and Taylor, who is his own most effective critic, makes few further claims for the novel. 'It's a great story, but if I'd written it now, it would be

a completely different book. In many ways, it's a clumsy classic. There are a lot of things in there

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that I would get rid of. And yet, I think that's the big attraction. It's because it's an incredible adventure story, written by a non-writer, just a storyteller. Taylor returns to this distinction between writing and storytelling a number of times, distancing himself from grand and lofty ideas of the novelist's purpose. He describes himself as a 'fairly

uneducated, council-house kid' who ran away to London as a teenager, ‘a bit of a chancer, with ideas

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above his station’. He read Dickens, lots of Orwell - 'they were trendy books to read' - and Kerouac. But he is uncomfortable talking at any length about favorite novels or influences beyond Rowling: 'I have not read all that many books. I'm not, you know, a very literate person.' Page 296

Taylor was a rock-music promoter in his twenties and remains a showman, happiest in front of a crowd. He describes the talks he gives in schools and at book festivals, dressed up as a sea captain or as an 18th-century highwayman in a long black coat. ‘You're using your face, you're using your

body, you're acting out what you're doing.’ The business of putting his thoughts in writing can be

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problematic in comparison. As a storyteller, in order to demonstrate shock or alarm to an audience he will "pause between sentences and showed a wide-eyed, staring face. But to describe that in English ...’

This impatience with the limitation of language can be a positive asset: in Tersia, Taylor's new

fantasy, the speed of the narrative and the scale of the events that overwhelm the characters mean there is no time for the story to get bogged down. That said, it is unusual to hear a writer speak in

such a dismissive way of his craft. Shadowmancer has been taken on by Universal Pictures, and Taylor does nothing to hide the fact that he thinks 'the movie's more exciting than the book’. 123. The writer says that many fantasy fiction writers would not agree that ____.

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A. they have copies their ideas from J. K. Rowling

B. J. K. Rowling's success has contributed to their own

C. Fantasy fiction will remain fashionable for many years 124. The writer is surprised by ____. A. the success of Taylor's books

D. J. K. Rowling is a writer of fantasy fiction in the true sense

C. the number of books Taylor has published

B. the short time Taylor has been a writer D. Taylor's reasons for writing his first book

A. the writing style design

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125. What aspect of the Harry Potter books does Taylor admit to imitating? B. the storylines

C. the layout

D. the cover

126. What does that in paragraph 4 refer to?

B. the novels' target audience

C. the timing of the novels' publication

D. the novels' failure to make people think

A. the Harry Potter formula

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127. What does Taylor say about Shadowmancer? A. He is aware of its limitations.

B. He did not write all of it himself.

C. He is going to write a revised edition.

D. It does not deserve the praise it receives.

128. What opinion does Taylor have of himself?

A. He is very proud of his achievement as a writer.

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B. He thinks he is a better writer than J. K. Rowling. C. He does not regard himself as a serious novelist. D. He feels he deserves greater recognition. Page 297

129. What do we learn about the talks Taylor gives? A. He enjoys them more than being a promoter.

B. He couldn't do them without dressing up.

C. He finds them easier than writing.

D. He likes shocking people.

A. The story moves on too quickly. B. The plot is never prevented from developing. C. Emotions are not dealt with in sufficient detail. D. The story is not always as exciting as it could be. Part VI. WRITING

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130. What does the writer mean by there is no time for the story to get bogged down (the last paragraph)?

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to choose the best sentence that can be made from the words

given. 131. I/ read/ advertisement/ post/ secretary/ company's website.

A. I would like to read the advertisement for the post of a secretary on your company's website. B. I enjoy reading the advertisement for the post of a secretary on your company's website.

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C. I have just read the advertisement for the post of a secretary on your company's website. D. I read the advertisement which is looking for a post of a secretary on your company's website. 132. I think/ I meet your requirements / I write/ apply for/ position.

A. I think I must meet your requirements so that I am writing to apply for this position. B. Because I think I can meet your requirements so I am writing to apply for this position. C. As I think I can meet your requirements so I am writing to apply for this position. D. I think I can meet your requirements, therefore, I am writing to apply for this position.

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133. My academic background/ BA certificate in Business Administration/ one year's experience/ work as a personal assistant.

A. My academic background includes a BA certificate in Business Administration and I have one year's experience of working as a personal assistant. B. My academic background it is a BA certificate in Business Administration as well as I have one

year's experience of working as a personal assistant.

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C. My academic background which has a BA certificate in Business Administration. Furthermore, I have one year's experience of working as a personal assistant. D. My academic background that is a BA certificate in Business Administration. Nonetheless, I have one year's experience of working as a personal assistant.

134. My strengths/ work well under high pressure/ well-organized and punctual.

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A. My strengths is to work well under high pressure, besides, I am well-organized and punctual. B. My strengths include being able to work well under high pressure, in addition to, I am wellorganized and punctual. Page 298

C. My strengths include working well under high pressure and I am very well-organized and punctual. D. My strengths include working well under high pressure and being very well-organized and

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135. My CV/ enclose/ contact/ me/ every morning/ look forward/ interviewed.

punctual. A. My CV enclosed and contact me every morning. I look forward to be interviewed.

B. My CV is enclosed. You can contact me every morning. I am looking forward to being interviewed.

C. My CV which is enclosed, so please contact me every morning. I am looking forward to be interviewed. interviewed. 136. Job interview/ opportunity/show/ employer/ what/ recruited.

D. My CV is enclosed. Please contact me every morning. As a result, I look forward to being

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A. Job interview is your opportunity to show an employer what he or she gets when you will be recruited.

B. Job interview is an opportunity for your showing an employer what he or she will get when you

are recruited.

C. A job interview is an opportunity for you to show an employer what he or she will get if you are recruited.

D. Job interview is your opportunity to show an employer what he or she will get unless you are

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recruited.

137. People/ work/ offices/ have/ five-day week/ often say/ nine-to-five job. A. People who work in offices have a five-day week and are often said to have a nine-to-five job. B. People work in offices that have a five-day week and are often said to have a nine-to-five job. C. People working in offices have a five-day week and often say to have a nine-to-five job.

D. People worked in offices which have a five-day week and are often said to have a nine-to-five

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job.

138. Thanks to/ high grades/ university/ she/ offer/ the position. A. Thanks to her high grades at university so she is offered the position. B. Thanks to her high grades at university, she offered the position.

C. Thanks to her high grades at university, she is offered the position.

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D. Thanks to her high grades at university, so she offers the position.

139. My boss/ have/ assistant/ send/ document/ to him/ while/ away/ on business. A. My boss had his assistant sent the document to him while he was away on business. Page 299

B. My boss had his assistant send the document to him while he was away on business. C. My boss had his assistant to send the document to him while he was away on business. D. My boss had his assistant sent the document for him while he was away on business.

140. What/ wear/ always important/ it/ create/ first impression/ interviewers.

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A. What you wear is always important as it creates the first impression on the interviewers.

B. What you wear is always important when it creates the first impression on the interviewers. C. What you wear is always important as it creates the first impression for the interviewers.

D. What you wear is always important because of it creates the first impression on the interviewer. Exercise 13. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the 141. The secretary said, "Sorry, I will never work on Sunday.” A. The secretary promised not to work on Sunday. B. The secretary refused not to work on Sunday.

following questions.

D. The secretary refused to work on Sunday.

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C. The secretary reminded her boss to work on Sunday.

142. "Joanna, please come to my office immediately," the boss said.

A. The boss invited Joanna to come to his office immediately.

B. The boss warned Joanna to come to his office immediately. C. The boss asked Joanna to come to his office immediately. D. The boss told Joanna please come to his office immediately.

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143. “Susan, can you remember to photocopy these documents for tomorrow's meeting?" said the line manager.

A. The line manager advised Susan to photocopy those documents for the meeting tomorrow. B. The line manager reminded Susan to photocopy those documents for the meeting the following day.

C. The line manager invited Susan to photocopy these documents for the meeting the following day. day.

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D. The line manager reminded Susan to photocopy these documents for the meeting the following 144. "Go on, Mike! Apply for the job," the father said. A. The father encouraged Mike to apply for the job.

B. The father denied applying for the job.

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C. The father invited Mike to apply for the job. D. The father forced Mike to apply for the job.

145. “I would like a cup of coffee, please,” Ms. Smith said to the waitress. Page 300

A. Ms. Smith ordered the waitress to bring her a cup of coffee. B. Ms. Smith invited the waitress a cup of coffee. C. Ms. Smith advised the waitress to drink a cup of coffee.

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D. Ms. Smith warned the waitress not to drink coffee.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Unit 9. CHOOSING A CAREER

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A. VOCABULARY • advice /ədˈvaɪs/ (n): lời khuyên • ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ (n): hoài bão, khát vọng, tham vọng • be in touch with: liên lạc với • career (n): nghề, nghề nghiệp, sự nghiệp • career adviser: người cố vấn nghề nghiệp • come up with /tʌtʃ/: tìm thấy/ nảy ra ( ý tưởng/ giải pháp) • cut down on: cắt giảm ( biên chế, số lượng) • dishwasher /ˈdɪʃwɒʃə(r)/ (n): người rửa bát đĩa, máy rửa bát đĩa • downside /ˈdaʊnsaɪd/ (n): mặt trái/ bất lợi • drop in on: ghé thăm • drop out of: bỏ ( học, nghề,...) • fascinating /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ (a): có sức hấp dẫn hoặc quyến rũ lớn • get on with: sống hòa thuận với • get to grips with: bắt đầu giải quyết ( một vấn đề khó) • keep up with: theo kịp, đuổi kịp • look forward to /ˈfɔːwəd/: chờ đợi,trông đợi • mature /məˈtʃʊə(r)/ (a): trưởng thành • paperwork /ˈpeɪpəwɜːk/ (n): công việc giấytờ, văn phòng • pursue /pəˈsjuː/ (v): theođuổi,tiếp tục • put up with: chịu đựng • rewarding /rɪˈwɔːdɪŋ/ (a): bõ công, đáng công, thỏa đáng • run out of : hết, cạn kiệt ( tiền, năng lượng,...) • secure /sɪˈkjʊə(r)/ (v): giành được, đạt được • shadow /ˈʃædəʊ/ (v): đi theo quan sát ai, thực hành để học việc • tedious/ˈtiːdiəs/ (a): tẻ nhạt, làm mệt mỏi • think back on: nhớ lại • workforce /ˈwɜːkfɔːs/ (n): lực lượng lao động GRAMMAR GRAMMAR I. PHRASALVERBS Cụm động từ (Phrasal verbs) là một động từ kết hợp với một trạng từ hoặc một giới từ hoặc đôi khi cả hai để tạo thành một từ mới thường có nghĩa đặc biệt, khác với nghĩa của các từ gốc.

Một số cụm động từ có 2 phần: verb + adverb/ preposition E.g: look for (tìm kiếm); look after (chăm sóc); take after (giống với),...

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Một số cụm động từ có 3 phần: verb + adverb + preposition

E.g: keep up with (theo kịp), get on with (hòa hợp với), go on with (tiếp tục), talk back to (cãi lại); run out of (hết, cạn kiệt), put up with (chịu đựng), cut down on (giảm),... Page 301

* Một số cụm động từ thông dụng: No. Verb ask somebody out

Meaning hẹn hò, mời ai đi chơi ủng hộ

blow up

nổ tung

break down

hỏng (máy móc)

break into something

đột nhập

break in

interrupt: ngắt lời

breakup

end a relationship: chia tay

breakout

escape: trốn thoát

bring somebody up

raise a child: nuôi dưỡng

call somebody back

gọi lại

call something off

hủy bỏ, hoãn lại

call on somebody

đến thăm ai đó

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back somebody up

call somebody up

gọi điện

calm down

bình tĩnh

catch up

đuổi kịp

checkin

đăng kí/ làm thủ tục ở khách sạn/ sân bay rời khách sạn

checkout

điều tra

cheer somebody up

làm ai đó vui

clean something up

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check somebody/something out

dọn dẹp

come across something

tình cờ thấy

come apart

tách biệt bị ốm

count on somebody/something

tin tưởng

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come down with something

gạch bỏ

cut back on something

giảm tiêu dùng

cut down on something

giảm

cross something out

ngắt lời ai

do away with something

diệt đi, gạt bỏ

dress up

diện bảnh, ăn mặc chải chuốt

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cut in

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ghé chơi

drop out

bỏ học

eat out

ăn ở nhà hàng

figure something out

hiểu, luận ra

fill something in

điền vào

fill something out

điền vào

fill something up

đổ đẩy

find out

tìm ra, phát hiện

get along/on

hòa hợp, hòa thuận

get away

đi nghỉ

get something back

nhận lại

get on

lên xe

get over something

hồi phục, vượt qua

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drop in/by/over

get over something

vượt qua

get together

gặp nhau

get up

thức dậy

give something back

trả lại

give in

nhượng bộ, chịu thua

give up go after somebody go after something go ahead go back

go out

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từ bỏ đi theo sau/ đuổi theo ai cố gắng đạt được

tiến bộ trở lại nơi nào đi ra ngoài, đi chơi hẹn hò

go over something

ôn tập, kiểm tra lại

grow up

trưởng thành

grow out of something

quá lớn không mặc được cái gì

hand something in

nộp

hang out

đi chơi

hold on

đợi 1 chút/giữ máy

keep on

tiếp tục

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go out with somebody

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ngăn cản ai không được làm gì

let somebody down

làm ai thất vọng

look after someone/something

chăm sóc

look down on someone

khinh thường ai

look for someone/something

tìm kiếm

look forward to something

mong đợi

look into something

điều tra

lookout

coi chừng

look something over

kiểm tra, xem xét

look up to someone

kính trọng ai

make something up

bịa đặt

pass away

qua đời

pay somebody back

trả lại tiền

pick something out

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lựa chọn

point somebody/something out

chỉ tay vào ai

put someone down

lăng mạ ai

put something off

trì hoãn

put something out

dập tắt

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put up with somebody/ something put something on

keep somebody from something

chịu đựng mặc

run into somebody/something

gặp tình cờ, tình cờ thấy

run away

trốn thoát

run out

show off

hết, cạn kiệt khoe khoang tắt

switch something on

bật

take after somebody

giống aỉ

take off

take something out

cất cánh cởi, tháo bỏ

think something over

cân nhắc, xem xét

throw something away

vứt bỏ

turn something down

giảm âm lượng

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switch something off

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turn something off

tắt

turn something on

bật

turn something up

tăng âm lượng

turn up

đến, xuất hiện

try something on

thử quần áo

từ chối

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turn something down

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■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. 1. Michael never turns up on time for a meeting A. calls B. arrives C. reports D. prepares 2. Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today. A. do B. let C. delay D. leave 3. My grandfather still hasn't really recovered from the death of my grandmother. A. looked after B. taken after C. gone off D. got over 4. Bill, could you look after my handbag while I am out? A. take part in B. take over C. take place D. take care of 5. My brother gave up smoking five years ago. A. liked B. continued C. stopped D. enjoyed Bài 2: Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb from the box. care

grow

look

make

put

run

set

switch

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1. What time did Julie and Daniel _______ off? 2. Where did you _______ up? 3. Will you _______ up the doctor's number in the phone book? 4. Don't forget to _______ the heating off when you go out. 5. We _______ into Pete at the supermarket yesterday. 6. Millie's parents _______ for her children while she's at work. 7. I'm leaving - I can't _______ up with this situation any longer. 8. Mark still hasn't _______ his mind up about which laptop to buy.

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Bài 3: fill the blank in each sentence to complete the phrasal verb. A synonym for the phrasal verb is given in brackets at the end of each question. 1. Come on, cheer _______ a little - don't be so miserable! Life's fun. (improve your mood) 2. You can't rely on him. He's let me _______ so many times, (disappoint) 3. In my opinion, money really brings _______ the worst in people - greed jealousy and envy, (make noticeable) 4. I'll drop the books _______ at your place tomorrow, (bring) 5. He pointed _______ a few things to US that we hadn't noticed, (bring attention to) 6. I'm clever, sharp and creative. I'm always coming _______ with new innovative ideas, (create, produce by thought) Page 305

along

for

off

out

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7. We asked him to resign because he simply didn't fit _______ with our team, (suit, be similar to) 8. I've given Martin the task of sorting _______ the problems with that new customer; he has the most experience with that type of thing, (solve) 9. You'd better call a plumber. The heating system has broken _______ again, (stop working) 10. Give me a few more minutes, please; I need a while to look _______ these reports I've just received from head office, (examine quickly) Bài 4: fill in the blank with a preposition from the box. up

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1. You must carry _______ the instructions carefully. A lot depends on it. 2. After searching the Internet for some time we finally found _______ where he lives. 3. I gave _______ playing football a long time ago. 4. The energy company cut _______ our electricity because we couldn't pay the bills. 5. After a short break, the secretary carried _______ with her work. 6. As a single mother she brought _______ two children on her own. 7. The story can't be true. You probably made it _______. 8. I don' know how she manages to care three children. 9. The match was called _______ because of rain. 10. I couldn't get any bread. All the bakers were sold _______. 11. My brother and I got _______ most of the time, but we had our fights too. 12. He missed a lot at school so it was difficult for him to catch _______.

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Bài 5: ADVERBIAL CLAUSES (MỆNH ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ có chức năng giống như một trạng từ hay phó từ (adverb). Mệnh đề trạng ngữ có các loại sau đây: 1. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích (Adverbial clauses of purpose) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ mục đích thường bắt đầu bằng các từ sau đây: - So that: để - In order that: để - For fear that: sợ rằng, thường được theo sau bởi should. - In case: phòng khi 2. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân (Adverbial clauses of cause): Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên nhân thường bắt đầu bằng các từ sau đây: - Because: vì - As: vì - Since: vì - Seeing that: vì E.g: Seeing that you won't help me, I must do the job myself. 3. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn (Adverbial clauses of place) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn thường bắt đầu bằng các từ sau đây: - Where: nơi (mà) E.g: I will go where you tell me. - Wherever: bất cứ nơi đâu Page 306

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E.g: Sit wherever you like. 4. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian (Adverbial clauses of time) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian thường bắt đầu bằng các từ sau đây: - When: khi E.g: When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. - While: trong khi E.g: I learned a lot of Japanese while I was in Tokyo. - Before: trước khi E.g: She had learned English before she came to England. - After: sau khi E.g: I came after he had left here. - Since: từ khi E.g: I have taught here since I graduated from university. - As: khi E.g: As I was a child, I used to go swimming. - Till/ until: cho đến khi E.g: I'll stay here till/ until you get back. - As soon as: ngay khi E.g: As soon as John heard the. news, he wrote to me. - Just as: ngay khi E.g: Just as he entered the room I heard a terrible explosion. - Whenever: bất cứ lúc nào E.g: I will discuss it with you whenever you like. 5. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ cách thức (Adverbial clauses of manner) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ cách thức thường bắt đầu bằng các từ: as (như), as if (như thể là), like (như) E.g: - Do it as I've told you. - It looks as if it's going to rain. 6. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả (Adverbial clauses of result) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ kết quả thường bắt đầu bằng các từ sau:

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- So + adj/ adv + that: đến nỗi mà E.g: The coffee is so hot that I cannot drink it. Khi tính từ là much/ many, có thể có danh từ theo sau: E.g: There was so much noise that we couldn't hear him. - Such (a/an) + N + that: đến nỗi mà E.g: It was such a hot day that I took off my jacket. 7. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự nhượng bộ (Adverbial clauses of concession) - Though/although: mặc dù E.g: Although John tried hard, he was not successful. - No matter: dù cho....đi chăng nữa, có ý nghĩa tương tự như (al)though được theo sau bởi how, what, where, who. No matter how = however No matter who = whoever Page 307

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■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 5: Find the adverbial clause in each sentence. 1. When I delivered the newspaper, I saw Mrs. Sampson at the window. 2. Because that clerk was so helpful, I praised her to the store manager. 3. You may play outside until it's dark. 4. He becomes nervous when he speaks in public. 5. Please visit us whenever you are in New York. 6. Nero fiddled while Rome burned. 7. The movie was just beginning as we bought our tickets. 8. She can swim better than Bob can.

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No matter where = wherever No matter what = whatever E.g: No matter how/ however fast he ran, his brother arrived first. (Dù cho anh ta có chạy nhanh bao nhiêu đi nữa, anh trai của anh ta củng đến trước tiên.) 8. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự so sánh (Adverbial clauses of comparison) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ sự so sánh bắt đầu bằng "than, as .. .as, as" E.g: He speaks English as fluently as his father. 9. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện (Adverbial clauses of condition) Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ điều kiện bắt đầu bằng "if" và "unless" E.g: If I were you, I would go to France with him.

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Bài 6: Choose the correct answer in brackets to complete the sentences 1. _______ he always did well on his English tests, his parents were not surprised that he got an A. (When / Since) 2. You should keep the milk in the refrigerator _______ it wouldn't go bad. (since/ so that) 3. _______ he thinks he's smart, he isn't. (Although/ After) 4. You should say goodbye to your brother _______ you leave for Europe, (before/ since) 5. _______ my father has high blood pressure, he has to watch what he eats. (Before / Since) 6. _______ I came to this country, I hadn't spoken a word of English! (Before/ Since) 7. I'll let you know _______ I come back, (because / after) 8. He doesn't understand _______ he doesn't speak French very well, (so that / because) 9. He spoke slowly _______ she would understand, (because / so that) 10. _______ you stop crying, I'll buy you an ice cream. (If / Since)

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Bài 7: Find out the adverbial clauses in the following sentences and state the kind of each. 1. Even if it rains, I will come. 2. When you have finished your work, you may go home. 3. You can put it wherever you like. 4. I did not buy that watch because it was expensive. 5. You must go whether you hear from him or not. 6. He spoke in such a low voice that few people could hear him. Page 308

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Bài 8: Choose the best answer. 1. The flight was delayed _______ the fog A. in spite of B. because of C. though D. since 2. Huong didn't participate in the contest _______ her lack of confidence. A. because B. because of C. since D. despite 3. He hid that letter in a book _______ no one could read it. A. so that B. because C. although D. in spite of 4. _______ Nam was unable to see anything, he knew someone was in his room A. Because B. In case C. if D. Even though 5. The mother got angry because _______. A. her son behaved badly B. her son's bad behavior C. her son will behave badly D. her son bad behaving 6. He lost his job _______ his laziness. A. due to B. in spite of C. despite D. because 7. _______ the liberation of women, women can take part in social activities. A. Because B. Thanks to C. While D. As 8. She decided to leave her job in the company _______ she could earn a lot of money there. A. because B. although C. despite D. since 9. In spite _______, the football match was not cancelled . A. the rain B. of the rain C. it was raining D. there was a rain 10. _______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car. A. In spite B. In spite of C. Despite D. Although

7. Since you have apologized, we will take no further action against you. 8. I have not been well since I returned from the hills. 9. He was so weak that he could not stand. 10. As he was not there, I spoke to his mother.

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Bài 9: Choose the best sentence that is closest in meaning to the given one. 1. The children laughed a lot because of the funny story. A. The children laughed a lot because the story is funny. B. The children laughed a lot because of the story funny. C. The children laughed a lot because it was funny. D. The children laughed a lot because the story was funny. 2. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert. A. Bill arrived late for the concert because he takes a taxi. B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi. C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert. D. Although Bill took a taxi, he can't come to the concert on time. 3. She was so busy that she couldn't answer the phone. A. Because she was very busy, she couldn't answer the phone. B. Because she was very busy, she could answer the phone. C. Although she was very busy, she couldn't answer the phone. Page 309

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D. Although she was very busy, she could answer the phone. 4. No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't open the door. A. Although I tried very hard, I couldn't open the door. B. Although I tried very hard, I could open the door. C. In spite of I tried very hard, I couldn't open the door. D. I couldn't open the door even though trying very hard. 5. Despite feeling cold, we kept walking. A. Although we felt cold, but we kept walking. B. Although we felt cold, we kept walking. C. However cold we felt, but we kept walking. D. However we felt cold, we kept walking.

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■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO Bài 10: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence. 1. The women took notes _______ A. while being taught to cook B. steadily C. noisily D. fortheir children 2. We will go to the game _______ A. Friday B. even if it rains C. Saturday D. sometime 3. You can put the package _______ A. outside B. inside C. wherever you like D. somewhere 4. _______, you will not be punished. A. Since you have apologized B. We decided C. He told me D. You are lucky 5. She was so tired _______ A. she left B. she cried C. today D. that she could not stand

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Bài 11: Use the words in brackets to rewrite the sentences. 1. Despite the fact that the doctor told her to rest, she went to France, (even though) 2. He joined the company only a year ago but he has been promoted already, (in spite of) 3. Tom hasn't got any experience but he's keen to learn, (however) 4. I'd like to eat out but I should be saving money, (while) 5. I thought she looked ill; however, I wasn't completely sure, (but) Bài 12: Read the sentences on the left and match the phrasal verbs with their definitions on the right

1. While cleaning the basement I CAME ACROSS something I thought I A. continue doing had lost years ago. 2. Jimmy CAME INTO a lot of money, which changed his life completely.

B. discuss in detail

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3. They decided to GO AHEAD with their trip despite the bad weather C. end conditions 4. That tie GOES WITH your suit nicely.

D. find by chance Page 310

6. I WAS ABOUT TO leave home when some unexpected visitors arrived. The doctor wanted to GO OVER the test results with the patient.

F. leave

7. The doctor wanted to GO OVER the test results with the patient.

G. match

8. We were promised that the hard times would BE OVER soon.

H. ready to

E. inherit

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5. The child WENTTHROUGH a lot before recovering completely.

9. I must BE OFF now. My parents are expecting me soon.

I. regain consciousness

10. It took the woman a few minutes to COME ROUND after she had J. suffer fainted.

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Bài 13: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs from the box. go ahead give way to pull down put out sort out head for miss out lag behind go over come up 1. As soon as the sun came out, everyone _______ the beach. 2. Promise me that you'll have _______ this mess by the time we get home. 3. The students seem to be confused about this point. Would it be possible to _______ the explanation once again? 4. Despite recent wage increases and greater equality between the sexes, women's salaries still _______ what men earn. 5. It took firemen several days to _______ the fire which started as a result of a carelessly discarded cigarette. 6. In order to build the new highway, a lot of old buildings had to be _______. 7. Despite the rain, the outdoor concert is expected to _______ as planned. 8. When the book was made into a screenplay, we decided to _______ some of the comical anecdotes. 9. One word that _______ in the text was "obligatory". What does it mean in this context? 10. Leather pants will eventually _______ another crazy fashion!

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Bài 14: Complete each gap with the correct form of a verb. The resulting phrasal verbs should have the same meaning as the definitions in brackets. 1. Susan (think of) _______ up with the idea for her new business when she was working in a bank. She (stop doing) _______ up her job there and (start) _______ up her own company. 2. I've had no luck with my job applications. Several companies have (reject) _______ me down because of my age: they only want to (start to employ) _______ on people with experience. Now I'm (investigate) _______ into the possibility of going abroad to find work. 3. All the time I was (go from childhood to adulthood) _______ up I (admire and respect) _______ up to my dad - he was my role model. Then, when I was 21, he was imprisoned for theft. I felt so (disappoint) _______ down by him. 4. Someone painted graffiti on all the school walls except one - maybe they (use up) _______ out of paint. No one has (confess) _______ up to doing it yet, but the teachers are determined to (discover) _______ out who it was. 5. I don't know if I can (stand, tolerate) _______ up with my dad for much longer - he's always (criticize angrily) _______ me off for stupid, unimportant things. I (have a friendly relationship with) _______ on well with my mum.

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Bài 15: Use the adverbs in the box to complete the sentences. down (x2)

in (x2)

out (x2)

up (x2)

on (x2)

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away (x2)

6. John's offered to (let me stay in his house) _______ me up when I go to London. It's ages since I last saw him; I'm really (feel excited about) _______ forward to meeting up with him again. I was going to stay with him last summer but he had to (postpone) _______ it off because he was in hospital.

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1. You have got exams soon. You can't carry _______ going out every night. 2. We'll never have this problem sorted _______ if we don't talk about it. 3. We've been asked to come _______ with some new ideas. 4. He gave _______ most of his books when he finished university. 5. Why don't you put _______ your new outfit and we'll go out for dinner. 6. I'm trying to find _______ about English courses in the area. 7. She was exhausted and didn't feel like joining _______ the game. 8. My husband drinks too much coffee but he's trying to cut _______. 9. I'm glad that the situation is improving. It's time things picked _______. 10. They like to get _______ from Hanoi as often as they can. 11. You shouldn't look _______ on people just because they are poorer and have less education than you. 12. It's very cold. Winter seems to have set _______ early this year.

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Bài 16: Rewrite the following sentences, using the correct form of the phrasal verbs in brackets. 1. He continued to work even after he had been seriously ill. (carry on)  ______________________________________. 2. They waited for him for over two hours before he finally arrived, (turn up)  ______________________________________. 3. 1 went to bed later than usual because I wanted to watch the film, (stay up)  ______________________________________. 4. After several calls, I succeeded in reaching her on the telephone, (get through)  ______________________________________. 5. It will take them an hour to complete all these forms, (fill in)  ______________________________________. 6. We can let you stay for the night in the spare room, (put up)  ______________________________________. 7. Please stop inventing excuses for why you won't go out with me. (make up)  ______________________________________. 8. She found a solution to the problem, (work out)  ______________________________________.

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Bài 17: Use the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box to complete the text. breakdown bring up end up give up grow up knockout not get on with take up She (1) _______ boxing when she was 21. Since then she has won five women's heavyweight boxing titles. Her childhood wasn't always easy. She (2) _______ in a famous family but her parents were divorced and she (3) _______ by her mother. Unfortunately, she (4) _______ her father, whom she only saw during the Page 312

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summers. Before long, she started getting into trouble and fighting with people. She says that she wouldn't start the fights but she wouldn't (5) _______ from one either. Eventually, she (6) _______ in trouble with the law; when she was 16, her boyfriend gave her a credit card but she didn't tell her it was stolen. In 1999, she (7) _______ her job in a salon, joined a gym and started boxing. She had her first fight in October 1999. She (8) _______ April Fowler in the first few minutes of the fight. KEY BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG Bài 1: Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. 1. B -Turn up ~ Arrive: đến "Michael chưa bao giờ đến họp đúng giờ." 2. C - Put off ~ Delay, Postpone: trì hoãn "Việc hôm nay chớ để ngày mai." 3. D - Recover from ~ Get over: hổi phục, bình phục "Ông tôi vẫn chưa thực sự khỏe lại sau cái chết của bà tôi." 4. D - Look after ~ Take care of: trông nom, chăm sóc "Cậu có thể trông hộ tô cái túi xách khi tớ ra ngoài được không Bill?" 5. C - Give up ~ Stop: từ bỏ "Anh tôi đã bỏ thuốc cách đây 5 năm rồi." Bài 2: Fill in the blank with the correct form of the verb from the box. 1. set

5. ran

6. care

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2. grow 3. look

7. put

4. switch

8. made

Bài 3: fill the blank in each sentence to complete the phrasal verb. A synonym for the phrasal verb is given in brackets at the end of each question. 6. up

1. up 2. down

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3. out 4. off 5. out

7. in 8. out 9. down 10. over/through

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1. out

Bài 4: fill in the blank with a preposition from the box. 7. up

2. out

8. for

3. up

9. off

4. off

10. out Page 313

5. on

11. along

6. up

12. up

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Bài 5: Find the adverbial clause in each sentence. 1. When I delivered the newspaper 2. Because that clerk was so helpful 3. until it's dark 4. when he speaks in public. 5. whenever you are in New York. 6. while Rome burned. 7. as we bought our tickets. 8. than Bob can. Bài 6: Choose the correct answer in brackets to complete the sentences 6. Before

2. so that

7. after

3. Although

8. because

4. before

9. so that

5. Since

10. If

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1. Since

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Bài 7: Find out the adverbial clauses in the following sentences and state the kind of each. 1. Adverbial clause of concession - even if it rains 2. Adverbial clause of time - when you have finished your work 3. Adverbial clause of place - wherever you like 4. Adverbial clause of reason - because it was expensive 5. Adverbial clause of condition - whether you hear from him or not 6. Adverbial clause of result - that few people could hear him 7. Adverbial clause of cause - since you have apologized 8. Adverbial clause of time - since I returned from the hills 9. Adverbial clause of result - that he could not stand 10. Adverbial clause of cause - as he was not there

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Bài 8: Choose the best answer. 1. B (Chuyến bay đã bị trì hoán vì sương mù.) 2. B (Hương đã không tham gia cuộc thi vì thiếu tự tin.) 3. A (Anh ấy đã giấu bức thư ở trong một cuốn sách để không ai có thể đọc được.) 4. D (Mặc dù Nam không thể nhìn thấy bất cứ cái gì nhưng anh ấy biết rằng một ai đang ở trong phòng anh ấy.) 5. A (Người mẹ đã rất giận bởi vì con trai bà ấy đã cư xử rất tệ.) 6. A (Anh ta mất việc vì sự lười biếng.) 7. B (Nhờ vào phong trào giải phóng của phụ nữ nên phụ nữ có thể tham gia vào các hoạt động xã hội.) 8. B (Cô ấy đã quyết định bỏ công việc ở công ty đó mặc dù cô ấy có thể kiếm được nhiều tiền ở đó.) Page 314

2. C (Mặc dù đã bắt taxi nhưng Bill vẫn đến trễ buổi hòa nhạc.) 3. A (Bởi vì cô ấy rất bận nên cô ấy không thể nghe điện thoại được.) 4. A (Mặc dù tôi đã rất cố gắng nhưng tôi vẫn không thể mở được cửa.) 5. B (Mặc dù chúng tôi thấy lạnh nhưng chúng tôi vẫn tiếp tục đi bộ.) Bài 10: Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.

1. A

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Bài 9: Choose the best sentence that is closest in meaning to the given one. 1. D (Bọn trẻ đã cười nhiều bởi vì câu chuyện hài hước.)

9. B (Mặc dù trời mưa nhưng trận bóng đá vẫn không bị hủy.) 10. D (Mặc dù anh ấy có đủ tiền nhưng anh ấy vẫn không mua ô tô mới.)

2. B 3. C 4. A

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5. D

Bài 11: Use the words in brackets to rewrite the sentences. 1. Even though the doctor told her to rest, she went to France./ She went to France even though the doctor told her to rest.

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2. In spite of joining the company only a year ago, he has been promoted already./ He has been promoted already in spite of joining the company only a year ago./ In spite of the fact that he joined the company only a year ago, he has been promoted already./ He has been promoted already in spite of the fact that he joined the company only a year ago. 3. Tom hasn't got any experience; however, he's keen to learn./ Tom hasn't got any experience. However, he's keen to learn./ Tom hasn't got any experience. He's keen to learn, however./ Tom hasn't got any experience; he's keen to learn, however./

Tom hasn't got any experience; he is, however, keen to learn./ Tom hasn't got any experience. He is, however, keen to learn.

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4. While I'd like to eat out, I should be saving money. 5. I thought she looked ill but I wasn't completely sure. Bài 12: Read the sentences on the left and match the phrasal verbs with their definitions on the right 6. H. ready to

2. E. inherit

7. B. discuss in detail

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1. D. find by chance 3. A. continue doing

8. C. end

4. G. match

9. F. leave Page 315

5. J. suffer

10. I. regain consciousness

6. pulled down

2. sorted out

7. go ahead

3. go over

8. miss out

4. lag behind

9. came up

5. put out

10. give way to

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1. headed for

Bài 13: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the phrasal verbs from the box.

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Note: Go ahead - to start to do something Give way to - to be replaced by something, especially because it is better, cheaper, easier, etc Pull down - to destroy a building Put out - to make something that is burning, such as a fire or cigarette, stop burning Sort out - to deal satisfactorily or successfully with a problem Head for - to start a journey or leave a place Miss out - to intentionally not include something Lag behind - to not be at the level that someone or something else has already achieved Go over - to examine or look at something in a careful or detailed way Come up - to appear

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Bài 14: Complete each gap with the correct form of a verb. The resulting phrasal verbs should have the same meaning as the definitions in brackets. 1. came, gave, set 2. turned, take, looking 3. growing, looked, let 4. ran, owned, find 5. put, telling, get 6. put, looking, put

Bài 15: Use the adverbs in the box to complete the sentences. 1. on

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2. out 3. up 4. away

8. down 9. up 10. away 11. down (look down on: khinh thường # look up to) 12. in

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6. out

5. on

7. in

Bài 16: Rewrite the following sentences, using the correct form of the phrasal verbs in brackets. 1. He carried on working even after he had been seriously ill. 2. They waited for him for over two hours before he finally turned up. Page 316

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3. I stayed up (later than usual) because I wanted to watch the film. 4. After several calls, I succeeded in getting through to her on the telephone. 5. It will take them an hour to fill in all these forms/ fill all these forms in. 6. We can put you up for the night in the spare room. 7. Please stop making up excuses/ make excuses up for why you won't go out with me. 8. She worked out (a solution to) the problem. Bài 17: Use the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the box to complete the text.

5. back down (chịu nhường, chịu thua)

2. grew up

6. ended up

3. was brought up

7. gave up

4. didn't get on with

8. knocked out

1. took up

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TEST 1 A. PHONETICS I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others. 1. A. twice B. flight C. piece D. mind 2. A. about B. around C. sound D. young 3. A. cover B. oven C. coffee D. company 4. A. plates B. cakes C. mates D. said 5. A. laughed B. learned C. changed D. arrived II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others. 1. A. geography B. evacuate C. emergency D. temporary 2. A. career B. response C. downside D. mature 3. A. scatter B. earthquake C. collapse D. mudslide 4. A. examination B. exciting C. experience D. expert 5. A. university B. managerial C. opportunity D. enthusiastic B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Complete each sentence using a verb from A (in the correct form) + a wordfrom B. You can use a word more than once. A. fly get go look sit speak B. away by down on out round up 1. The bus was full. We couldn't ______get on_____. 2. I've been standing for the last two hours. I'm going to ____sit down____ for a bit. 3. A cat tried to catch the bird, but it ____flew away______ just in time. 4. We were trapped in the building. We couldn't ______get out_____. 5. I can't hear you very well. Can you _____speak up_____ a little? 6. "Do you speak German?" - "Not very well, but I can _____get by_____.” 7. The cost of living is higher now. Prices have _____gone up_____ a lot. 8. I thought there was somebody behind me, but when I ____looked round_____, there was nobody there. II. Use your own ideas to complete the sentences. Use a noun (this newspaper,...) or a pronoun (it/ them/...) + the word in brackets (away/ up/...) 1. Don't _________________ throw away _________________ this newspaper. I want to keep it. (away) 2. "Do you want this postcasd?" "No, you can _________________ throw it away _________________." (away) Page 317

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3. I borrowed these books from the library. I have to take __them back___ tomorrow. (back) 4. We can turn __the television off___. Nobody is watching it. (off) 5. A: How did the vase get broken? B: I'm afraid I knocked ___it over___ while I was cleaning. (off) 6. Shh! My mother is asleep. I don't want to wake ____her up____. (up) 7. It's quite cold. You should put ____your coat___ if you're going out. (on) 8. It was only a small fire. I was able to put it ____out____ quite easily. (out) 9. A: Is this hotel more expensive than when we stayed here last year? B: Yes, they've put ___the price(s)__ .(up) 10. It's a bit dark in this room. Shall I turn ___the light(s) on___? (on) III. Use the correct word in the box to complete each sentence. interviewer multimedia options appropriate professional careers attitudes qualified experience university 1. Wear clothes that are _____ appropriate ____ for the job you want. 2. I am keen to develop my _____ professional ____ skills and look forward to discussing my application with you at an interview. 3. Remember that the ___ interviewer ____ probably has a lot of CVs to read, so keep it short and easy to read. 4. I would like to work in _____ multimedia ______ video and audio productions, where I could be close to famous actors or singers. 5. You have to consider the things you actually enjoy doing and then research the career ___ options ____ that exist in that same area. 6. You may have to spend some time working for free in order to gain the ____ experience ____ that lets toy stand out from the crowd. 7. Most secondary school students take to ______ university _____ life like a duck to water. 8. You should do a school ______ careers ____ test that will give you some ideas about what you should do for a job. 9. Workplace ______ attitudes _____ have an effect on every person in the organization, from the employees to the company owner. 10. The job application letter you send to an employer explains why you are _____ qualified _____ for the position and should be selected for an interview. IV. Give the correct form of the word. 1. She enjoys reading, knitting, and other quiet _____pursuits____. PURSUE 2. Business is going so well that they hired seven new _____employees____ in their department last month. EMPLOY 3. Job ____security____ is the assurance that an employee has about the continuity of employment for his or her work life. SECURE 4. The way is long and we shall have to get over the ____tediousness____ of it. TEDIOUS 5. There are lots of different factors that go into _____choosing_____ a career path. CHOOSE 6. We hope this guide helps you to _____pursue____ a desirable career path after high school. PURSUIT 7. There are many pathways from school that can lead to a ___rewarding____ career. REWARD 8. High school ___graduates___ may be deciding whether they should enter the workforce or go to college. GRADUATION 9. Get an English-speaking friend to check it for you, or you can find some useful phrases from ____different_____ job websites. DIFFERENCE 10. Look for job ____vacancies____ in the local newspaper and log on to some job websites. VACANCY Page 318

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V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. I consider myself to be trustworthy, responsible and enthusiastic. A. worthwhile B. talented C. honest D. skilled 2. The experience from an adventurous expedition to a rainforest will broaden your horizons and teach you new skills. A. expand your range of interests and knowledge B. open your views C. widen your eyes D. be an eye-opener 3. Lucy has just finished her A levels and she has got a place at university, but she would really like a break from the academic world. Therefore, he decides to take a gap year and travel around the word! A. a year off B. a year out C. a year away D. a year's trip 4. Finally, Amy decided to quit her job as she couldn't stand doing the same things days in days out. It's so monotonous! A. easy B. low-paid C. tedious D. secure 5. I am available for an interview all afternoons, except on Tuesday because I am doing a computer course to improve my typing skills. A. willing B. free C. impatient D. longing 6. We want to recruit the brightest and the best. If you think you fit the bill, fill in an application form today. A. are able to pay the bill B. are suitable C. are of the right size D. are excellent 7. As he lived in a small town outside the city, he had to commute every day. A. take a bus to work B. drive to work C. take a life to work D. travel a long way to and from work 8. The atmosphere at work was so bad that Brian eventually decided to hand in his notice. A. notify the boss B. apply for another job C. give up his job D. be given a better job 9. My boss has a reputation for being such a slave-driver! A. working overtime B. working excessively hard C. being slave to work D. making his staff work too hard 10. There are excellent prospects for promotion, and you'll know you're doing something to benefit society. A. opportunities B. likelihoods C. futures D. potentials VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. You are expected to ask the prospective candidates a technical question to judge their ability. A. potential B. possible C. aspiring D. former 2. Though many scientific breakthroughs have resulted from mishaps it has taken brilliant thinkers to recognize their potential. A. misunderstandings B. accidents C. incidentals D. misfortunes 3. With many companies having to downsize in tough economic items, the outsourcing and contracting of freelance workers online has become common business practice. A. take on more staff B. lay off their employees C. close down their branches D. notify to break down 4. The Internet provides an infinite pool of buyers from around the world with whom freelancers can contract their services. A. quite a few B. many a C. a wide variety of D. a limited number of 5. Well, I want to go straight to university, but I'm also thinking of applying for a temporary job in the summer. Page 319

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A. part-time B. full-time C. permanent D seasonal 6. John was promoted last month for being such a committed worker. A. dishonest B. irresponsible C. unenthusiastic D. unreliable 7. With so many breakthroughs in robotic science and technology, much manual work will soon be taken over by robots. A. intellectual work B. physical work C. monotonous work D. dull work 8. I'd go mad if I had to do a dead-end job like working on a supermarket checkout. A. boring B. monotonous C. fascinating D. demanding 9. He's just so flexible. He'll adapt to any situation. A. adaptable B. rigid C. intelligent D. autonomous 10. Most, not to say all, off the employers want to look for candidates with punctuality, so make sure you make a positive impression on them by showing up on time for the interview. A. good time management B. ability to meet deadlines C. being late D. being in time

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VII. Find the one choice that best completes the sentence. 1. He ____ all his money, then closed the account. A. took out B. took away C. paid in D. paid off 2. He was convicted of using the firm's money to pay ____ his gambling. A. in B. off C. back D. towards 3. At the meeting, someone brought ____ the subject pre-school education. A. in B. on C. up D. out 4. Whatever your decision, bear in mind that most people change ____ paths up to five times during their lifetime. A. occupation B. career C. job D. vocation 5. I got on so well with my tutor ____ I did with my elder brother. A. so B. like C. as if D. as 6. It's taking me longer to get ____ the operation than I thought. A. through B. by C. up from D. over 7. For careers that truly interest you, consider asking each person if you can ____ him or her at work. A. shadow B. monitor C. follow D. search 8. If you're required to fill out an application form, you'll still need to ____ the best way to present your skills and experience. A. work out B. come up C. exercise D. make out 9. When the princess kissed the frog, it turned ____ a handsome prince. A. into B. up C. out D. over 10. I really like Joe's dad but I don't get ____ with his mother at all. A. out B. by C. on D. through 11. You shouldn't stay at home so much. Get ____ and make new friends. A. by B. out C. over D. away 12. A fruit that is fully-ripe is an example of a fruit that has reached ____. A. development B. maturity C. mature D. growth 13. His teenage daughter is driving him crazy. He can't ____ her moods, her music, and her constant demand for money. A. keep up with B. go on with C. put up with D. put up to 14. It'll take me three years to ____ up enough money to travel round the country. A. pay B. take C. put D. save Page 320

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15. As soon as she came ____ after the operation, she asked for a drink of water. A. across B. up C. round D. under 16. Bary has come ____ some good suggestions for raising the money we need. A. onto B. up with C. round to D. across with 17. You must walk slowly if you want the children to ____ with. А. keep up B. go on C. keep on D. come up 18. LinkedIn, a social media, is a great way to ____ your skills and experience. A. highlight B. attend C. focus D. respect 19. I ____ everything in my bag three times but my keys were nowhere to be found. A. went out B. went over C. looked for D. looked at 20. Can you remember what to do, or do you want me to go ____ it again? A. by B. into C. past D. over 21. It was the third time in six months that the bank had been held ____. A. over B. down C. up D. out 22. Having that accident has brought ____ a complete change in his attitude to other people. A. in B. about C. up D. out 23. The light from the car ____ as it receded into the distance. A. faded away B. seeped out C. rolled away D. shone out 24. Don't take my advice if you don't want to. You can do ____ you like. A. although B. but C. like D. as 25. The president has failed to ____ grips with the two most important social issues of our time. A. take B. take to C. get D. get to 26. It was so foggy that the climbers couldn't ____ out the nearby shelter. A. run B. take C. break D. make 27. They are thinking of bringing ____ a law to make cyclists wear helmets. A. on B. up C. in D. round 28. I take ____ everything I said about Paul. I realize now that it wasn't true. A. on B. over C. in D. back 29. Although I'd never made a sandwich before, my first attempt turned ____ quite well. A. over B. up C. out D. into 30. I always run ____ of money before the end of the month. A. out B. back C. up D. down C. READING I. Choose the right word to fill in the blank. force develop aspects potential expenses relationships beneficial direction responsibilities outweigh If college isn't your option or you need extra time to earn money for tuition, going straight into the work (1) _____ force ____ offers many choices and benefits. Getting a job immediately after high school remains a good choice. Teens who go this route need to learn how to search for employment, write a resume, and (2) ___ develop ____ interviewing skills. Many companies pay their employees for continuing education in areas related to their employment. You should ask about this benefit through the human resources departments of (3) ___ potential ___ employers.

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Another option is an internship. Over the course of a year, you could potentially participate in two or three internships to explore career choices. But most internships are unpaid, so planning ahead is crucial if you need to save money for living (4) _____ expenses ______. Internships provide participants with the opportunity to learn about many (5) ___ aspects ____ of a particular career. They're also a great way to take contacts and develop mentoring (6) ____ relationships ___. For some teens, taking a year off between high school and the "real world" can be (7) ___ beneficial __. This can be a good time to travel, do community service, or even live in a foreign country before the (8) ____ responsibilities ___ of life make it harder to do so. However, teens should keep in mind that a brochure may look different from reality, such as with work and service camps in developing countries. They should expect difficulties but know that the rewards of community service often (9) ___ outweigh ____ the hardships - and can actually change the (10) __ direction __ of a person's life. Speaking with previous participants should give a more realistic view than promotional material. II. Read the passage and choose the best answer. It can take a long time to become successful in your chosen field, however talented you are. One thing you have to be (1) ____ of is that you will face criticism along the way. The world is (2) ____ of people who would rather say something negative than positive. If you've made up your (3) ____ to achieve a certain goal, such as writing a novel, (4) ____ the negative criticism of others prevent you from reaching your target, and let the constructive criticism have a positive effect on your work. If someone says you're totally in the (5) ____ of talent, ignore them. That's negative criticism. If (6) ____, someone advises you to revise your work and gives you a good reason for doing so, you should consider their suggestions carefully. There are many film stars (7) ____ were once out of work. There are many famous novelists who made a complete mess of their first novel - or who didn't, but had to keep on approaching hundreds of publishers before they could get it (8) ____. Being successful does depend on luck, to a (9) ____ extent. But things are more likely to (10) ____ well if you persevere and stay positive. 1. A. alert B. clever C. intelligent D. aware 2. A. overflowing B. full C. packed D. filled 3. A. idea B. brain C. thought D. mind 4. A. don't let B. shouldn't let C. won't let D. didn't let 5. A. absentee B. shortage C. missing D. lack 6. A. hence B. however C. whereas D. otherwise 7. A. which B. whom C. they D. who 8. A. publish B. to publish C. published D. publishes 9. A. plenty B. numerous C. definite D. certain 10. A. turn out B. sail through C. come into D. deal with III. Fill in each blank with ONE suitable word. Today, it is not easy to choose a career. Hundreds of students pass various examinations every year and compete (1) _____with_____ one another for positions in the various professions which are not so many as there are applicants. I would, however, like to choose teaching as my (2) ____career_____. Teaching is an interesting career for several reasons. As a teacher I can learn many things, especially if I teach to an udder-secondary school. If I teach History or English, for (3) ____example_____, I have to read many books to make my teaching lessons more interesting to my pupils. Thus, I can acquire more knowledge of the subjects that I teach than (4) ____what______ I can learn from the class text books. It is indeed a fact that a teacher learns a lot from the class text books; but that is hardly (5) ____enough______

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to make the teacher's lessons interesting to pupils. A good teacher must therefore read many other (6) ____books____. Again, as a teacher, I have to speak well so that my pupils will be able to understand my instructions well. In this way I can (7) ____improve_____ my powers of expression. Even my pronunciation of words will improve to great extent. Further, as a teacher, I shall have enough leisure to read and prepare for various examinations. It is possible today to sit (8) ______for____ many important examinations by studying entirely at home. Thus, I can acquire important qualifications. Finally, as a teacher I will be respected (9) _____as____ an educated person. People will assume that I have certain qualifications and show their regard for me and the opinions that I express. Thus, I shall be (10) _____able______ to live a happy. IV. Read the following passage, choose the best answer for each question followed. Choosing a career may be one of the hardest jobs you ever have, and it must be done with care. View a career as an opportunity to do something you love, not simply as a way to earn a living. Investing the time and effort to thoroughly explore your options can mean the difference between finding a stimulating and rewarding career and move from job to unsatisfying job in an attempt to find the right one. Work influences virtually every aspect of your life, from your choice of friends to where you live. Here are just a few of the factors to consider. Deciding what matters most to you is essential to making the right decision. You may want to begin by assessing your likes, dislikes, strengths, and weaknesses. Think about the classes, hobbies, and surroundings that you find most appealing. Ask yourself questions, such as "Would you like to travel? Do you want to work with children? Are you more suited to solitary or cooperative work?" There are no right or wrong answers; only you know what is important to you. Determine which job features you require, which ones you would prefer, and which ones you cannot accept. Then rank them in order of importance to you. The setting of the job is one factor to take into account. You may not want to sit at a desk all day. If not, there are diversity occupation - building inspector, supervisor, real estate agent - that involve a great deal of time away from the office. Geographical location may be a concern, and employment in some fields in concentrated in certain regions. Advertising job can generally be found only in large cities. On the other hand, many industries such as hospitality, law education, and retail sales are found in all regions of the country. If a high salary is important to you, do not judge a career by its starting wages. Many jobs, such as insurance sales, offers relatively low starting salaries; however, pay substantially increases along with your experience, additional training, promotions and commission. Don't rule out any occupation without learning more about it. Some industries evoke positive or negative associations. The traveling life of a flight attendant appears glamorous, while that of a plumber does not. Remember that many jobs are not what they appear to be at first, and may have merits or demerits that are less obvious. Flight attendants must work long, grueling hours without sleeps, whereas plumbers can be as highly paid as some doctors. Another point to consider is that as you mature, you will likely develop new interests and skills that may point the way to new opportunities. The choice you make today need not be your final one. 1. The word "them" in paragraph 2 refers to ____. A. questions B. answers C. features D. jobs 2. The word "that" in paragraph 4 refers to ____. A. occupation B. the traveling life C. a flight attendant D. commission 3. According to paragraph 3, which of the following fields is NOT suitable for a person who does not want to live in a big city? Page 323

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A. plumbing B. law C. retail sales D. advertising 4. The word "assessing" in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ____. A. discovering B. considering C. measuring D. disposing 5. The word "evoke" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ____. A. agree on B. bring to mind C. be related to D. differ from 6. It can be inferred from the paragraph 3 that ____. A. jobs in insurance sales are generally not well-paid. B. insurance sales people can earn high salary later in their career. C. people should constantly work toward the next promotion D. a starting salary should be an important consideration in choosing a career. 7. The author states that "There are no right or wrong answers" in order to ____. A. emphasize that each person's answers will be different. B. show that answering the questions is a long and difficult process. C. indicate that the answers are not really important. D. indicate that each person's answers may change over time. 8. In paragraph 5, the author suggests that ____. A. you may want to change careers at some time in the future. B. as you get older, your career will probably less fulfilling. C. you will be at your job for a lifetime, so choose carefully. D. you will probably jobless at some time in the future. 9. Why does the author mention "long, grueling hours without sleeps" in paragraph 4? A. To emphasize the difficulty of working as a plumber. B. To contrast the reality of a flight attendant's job with most people's perception. C. To show that people must work hard for the career they have chosen. D. To discourage readers from choosing a career as a flight attendant. D. WRITING I. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. There was no precedent for his falling out with his parents. Never before had he fallen out with his parents. 2. In spite of all the hardships in life, she managed to raise five children on her own. Although it was hard, she managed to raise five children on her own. 3. Had it not been for your generosity, we couldn't have pulled off the event. But for your generosity, we couldn't have pulled off the event. 4. "I knew you were trouble all along, yet I couldn't resist loving you." said Lana to her boyfriend. Lana told her boyfriend that she had known he was trouble all along, yet she couldn't resist loving him. 5. "Why not going to the cinema instead of that boring park?" he said. He suggested going to the cinema instead of that/ the boring park. 6. Angelina Jolie is the talented actress I admire the most. There is no talented actress I admire more than Angelina Jolie. 7. Sarah was totally devoted to her geographical project and took no notice of her friends. Sarah dedicated herself to her geographical project and took no notice of her friends. 8. Tommy's really handsome but I wouldn't love him. Handsome as Tommy is/ may be, I wouldn't love him. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence.

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1. "Are you going out tonight or not?" asked her dad. Her dad asked her whether she was going out that night (or not). 2. You must have this fridge fixed, some water is leaking out of it. This fridge needs fixing, some water is leaking out of it. 3. Although Lana was disabled, she could do almost anything. Despite her disability, Lana could do almost anything. 4. "I'm sorry that I couldn't come to your graduation party." said Randall's mother. Randall's mother apologized to her for not coming to her graduation party. 5. After graduating from high school, John continued to study at the local university. John went on to study at the local university after graduating from high school. 6. I've never read a novel before. This is the first time I’ve (ever) read a novel. 7. Your room is not only smelly but also messy with so many discarded things. Your room is both smelly and messy with so many discarded things. 8. I would help mom with making traditional sticky-rice cakes when I was still at home. I used to help mom with making traditional sticky-rice cakes when I was still at home. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Choose the word which has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others. 1. A. rewarding B. gap C. application D. shadow 2. A. tedious B. require C. secure D. recruit 3. A. grips B. journalist C. result D. pursue 4. A. scientist B. advisor C. architect D. applicant 5. A. applicant B. fascinating C. mature D. ambition II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others. 1. A. relief B. debris C. typhoon D. severe 2. A. erupt B. victim C. forest D. message 3. A. apprentice B. programmer C. dishwasher D. paperwork 4. A. volcano B. tropical C. temporary D. property 5. A. journalism B. interviewer C. government D. available III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each unfinished sentence below. 1. We're having terrible weather. Just can't put ____ it for much longer. A. up B. on C. away D. up with 2. Over the past 50 years, many illnesses have been brought ____ control. A. in B. under C. to D. over 3. When I break ____ for the summer, I'm going to Spain for three weeks. A. up B. in C. out D. down 4. The life of a journalist can be both ____ and ____. A. interesting - excited B. demanding - excited C. tedious - exciting D. demanding exciting 5. She will be ill ____ she takes a few days off. A. as B. so that C. if D. unless 6. Can you remember the first time you ____ in love? A. felt B. went C. fell D. found 7. She's gradually getting ____ a bad cold, which kept her off work for a week. A. over B. up C. on D. into 8. The career may be stressful, but it can be very ____ in salary as well as in pride of accomplishment.

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A. rewarding B. low C. exciting D. accepted 9. It is important to make your CV or curriculum vitae to ____ out from the crowd. A. stand B. get C. keep D. sit 10. It's very cold in here. Do you mind if I put ____ the heating? A. down B. away C. off D. on 11. I told him I'd prefer to walk, but he insisted ____ giving me a lift. A. about B. on C. to D. for 12. There's a rumor that the National Bank is going to take ____ the company I work for. A. on B. off C. over D. after 13. There's a lot more traffic than usual. There must be something ____ in the city center. A. going on B. going off C. getting on D. getting off 14. The motor of the car won't work, we have run ____ petrol! A. out of B. out for C. on D. out 15. Their pay was low and they had no job security or legal ____. A. advice B. rights C. actions D. requirements 16. He wasn't sure if he'd be any good at tennis, but actually he took ____ it immediately. A. after B. on C. in D. to 17. I've always got ____ well with old people. A. off B. on C. in D. through 18. When they ____ for the beach the sun was shining, but by the time they arrived it had clouded over. A. went out B. went off C. set off D. left out 19. After standing in the sun for more than an hour, two of the people in the queue passed ____. A. out B. by C. up D. through 20. When the alarm clock went off, Tom just turned ____ and went back to sleep. A. down B. out C. up D. over 21. I studied languages ____ I could work abroad. A. as B. if C. so D. so that 22. She is acting in an ____ role in the administration. A. advisable B. advisement C. advisory D. advisor 23. I'd love to get ____ from this place for a few days. I really feel I need a break. A. out B. away C. over D. down 24. The smell of floor polish still brings ____ memories of my old school. A. on B. up C. back D. over 25. In their latest attack, terrorists have tempted to blow ____ the bridge. A. up B. over C. through D. down 26. I've just spent two weeks looking ____ an old aunt of mine who's been ill. A. at B. for C. out for D. after 27. The old farmer nodded, ____ he had understood every word. A. as though B. although C. as D. so 28. A positive workplace ____ encourages creativity because employees feel that their ideas will contribute to the success of the organization. A. emotion B. position C. confidence D. attitude 29. As soon as I got home from work, I changed ____ casual clothes. A. to B. into C. in D. for 30. The teacher carried ____ his threat to suspend Tom for his repeated absence from class. A. on with B. on C. out D. over Page 326

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IV. Complete the sentences using a word from A and a word from B. You can use a word more than once. A away back forward in up B at through to with 1. You're walking too fast. I can't keep _____up with_______ you. 2. My holidays are nearly over. Next week I'll be _____back at_____ work. 3. We went ______up to________ the top floor of the building to admire the view. 4. Are you looking _____forward to_____ the party next week? 5. There was a bank robbery last week. The robbers got ______away with_____ $50,000. 6. I love to look ______up at_______ the stars in the sky at night. 7. I was sitting in the kitchen when suddenly a bird flew ______in through______ the open window. V. Complete the sentences using the following verbs + it/ them/ me. get out wake up fill in give back switch on take off 1. They gave me a form and told me to ____________ fill it in _____________. 2. I'm going to bed now. Can you _____wake me up_____ at 6.30? 3. I've got something in my eye and I can't ____get it out_____. 4. I don't like it when people borrow things and don't _____give them back____. 5. I want to use the kettle. How do I ____switch it on____? 6. My shoes are dirty. I'd better ____take them off_____ before going into the house. VI. Give the correct form of the word to complete the following sentences. 1. Normally, apprentices are assigned to a more senior staff member and spend some time ___shadowing____ them and getting to grips with the basics of the job. SHADOW 2. Frankly, you are by far the best ____applicant_____ for the job; I'd like to make you an offer. APPLY 3. The point at which you are fully grown is an example of when you achieve ____maturity____. MATURE 4. He attended a meeting of the ____advisory____ committee. ADVISE 5. You have the ___advantage__ of email, texting, webcams, or chat rooms to be in touch. DISADVANTAGE 6. The one huge downside to becoming an adult is that ___life___ is not easy for you any more. LIVE 7. If you are ___considering_____ a career as a mechanic, ask one of your relatives following that career if you can shadow him. CONSIDER 8. In the first week at university, you have your timetable and other paperwork sorted, then you can and _____relax_____ take in the student atmosphere. RELAXING 9. The whole community is ____struggling_____ to get to grips with road accidents. STRUGGLE 10. Showing common sense and making adult _____decisions_____ is an example of maturity. DECIDE VII. Choose the right word that best fits each of the blank spaces. vocational opportunities major step careers environment professionals descriptions succeed advantage If you've recently graduated from high school, you reach a (1) ___ major ____ milestone in your life. This can be an exciting time for you. However, it can also be a confusing period when you don't know what (2) ___step____ to take next in your life. First, start by sitting down and thinking about your interests and career goals. Think about the types of (3) ___ careers ___ you'd consider working in. you can use a self- assessment tool that analyzes your skills, work values, and interests.

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Next, seek guidance from counselors and career services offered at your school. They may help suggest a path that encompasses your values. If you have yet to graduate, guidance counselors can give you information about colleges, career schools, and (4) __ vocational ___ training programmes. You may also want to explore military service or post-secondary education (5) ____ opportunities ____. There are numerous types of career to consider before and after you graduate high school. Take time to explore various careers. You may be surprised to find career (6) ___ descriptions ____ that you didn't even know existed. You can learn about the professional background, job growth, and wage information for these careers. You can also learn about the training you will need to (7) ___ succeed __ in these various career fields. Take (8) ___ advantage __ of talking to working professionals you may know. Ask your relatives, neighbors, or your friends' parents about their careers. If their careers sound interesting, pick a time to sit down and talk with them. If you visit an (9) ___ environment __ you are interested in, such as a doctors' office, pharmacy, or dental office, speak with (10) ___ professionals ___ you meet along the way. They may give you tips or ideas of what it's like to work in their position. VIII. Choose the word (A, B, C, or D) that best fits each of the blank spaces. Life after high school doesn't end. In fact, life begins once there are no more lockers, gym class, or teachers nagging you about homework. In terms of choosing the (1) ____ career, it is important to consider a career assessment test in which you answer a series of questions designed to (2) ____ your strengths and weaknesses. While career tests should not be your main source of decision making, you can use them as a tool to help you decide what career might match your (3) ____. Think about your interests and hobbies. If you enjoy science, you may want to apply to college and pursue a career in engineering or marine (4) ____.Write a list of possible careers that match your interests and your capabilities. If you find you are happiest when you work with others, jot down that you are a team player. In that case, you may want to consider jobs that involve people interaction instead of careers like computer programming or writing, which require more alone time. Speak to an adult you trust about your ideas and be willing to receive (5) ____. Narrow your options and look for a career with growth (6) ____. While it is important to pick a career that will stimulate your mind, it is also important to be practical about the market. If you decide that you want to go college, you will need to pick a career that enables you to make a living (7) ____ you graduate. Jump into the first step of realizing your career dreams. If you have decided that you would like to pursue a career that requires higher education, do your (8) ____ on applying to the college or programme, including qualifications, application deadlines, tuition fees and length of study. If you have decided on a career that does not require higher education, start looking for ways to enter the field and (9) ____ experience. Speak to someone who already has your dream job. This person can provide a better picture of the pros and cons of the (10) ____ 1. A direct B. right C. fast D. hard 2. A. exist B. invent C. start D. analyse 3. A. relevance B. genery C. interests D. benefits 4. A. cost B. biology C. standard D. criteria 5. A. feedback B. appearance C. direction D. expectation 6. A. friendships B. opportunities C. connections D. joins 7. A. around B. on C. before D. after 8. A. amount B. load C. research D. quality 9. A. gain B. outgrow C. outdo D. outpace Page 328

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10. A. position B. control C. profession D. movement IX. Read the following passage and choose the best answers each of the questions. Not so long ago almost any student who successfully completed a university degree or diploma course could find a good career quite easily. Companies toured the academic institutions, competing with each other to recruit graduates. However, those days are gone, even in Hong Kong, and nowadays graduates often face strong competition in the search for jobs. Most careers organizations highlight three stages for graduates to follow in the process of securing a suitable career: recognizing abilities, matching these to available vacancies and presenting them well to prospective employers. Job seekers have to make a careful assessment of their own abilities. One area of assessment should be of their academic qualifications, which would include special skills within their subject area. Graduates should also consider their own personal values and attitudes, or the relative importance to themselves of such matters as money, security, leadership and caring for others. An honest assessment of personal interests and abilities such as creative or scientific skills, or skills acquired from work experience, should also be given careful thought. The second stage is to study the opportunities available for employment and to think about how the general employment situation is likely to develop in the future. To do this, graduates can study job vacancies and information in newspapers or they can visit a careers office, write to possible employers for information or contact friends or relatives who may already be involved in a particular profession. After studying all the various options, they should be in a position to make informed comparisons between various careers. Good personal presentation is essential in the search for a good career. Job application forms and letters should, of course, be filled in carefully and correctly, without grammar or spelling errors. Where additional information is asked for, job seekers should describe their abilities and work experience in more depth, with examples if possible. They should try to balance their own abilities with the employers needs, explain why they are interested in a career with the particular company and try to show that they already know something about the company and its activities. When graduates are asked to attend for interview, they should prepare properly by finding out all they can about the prospective employer. Dressing suitably and arriving for the interview on time are also obviously important. Interviewees should try to give positive and helpful answers and should not be afraid to ask questions about anything they are unsure about. This is much better than pretending to understand a question and giving an unsuitable answer. There will always be good career opportunities for people with ability, skills and determination; the secret to securing a good job is to be one of them. 1. In paragraph 5, 'in more depth' could best be replaced by ____. A. more honestly B. more carefully C. using more word D. in greater detail 2. The word "prospective" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____. A. future B. generous C. reasonable D. ambitious 3. In the paragraph 2, "them" refers to ____. A. abilities. B. three stages. C. careers organizations. D. available vacancies. 4. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Businesses used to visit the universities in Hong Kong to recruit graduates. B. Until recently it was quite easy for graduates to get good jobs in Hong Kong. C. Job seekers should consider as many as possible of the factors involved. D. Graduates sometimes have to take part in competitions to secure a good career. 5. According to paragraph 4, graduates should ____. Page 329

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FI CI A

A. ask friends or relatives to secure them a good job. B. find out as much as possible and inform employers of the comparisons they want. C. get information about a number of careers before making comparisons. D. find a good position and then compare it with other careers. 6. In paragraph 6, the writer seems to suggest that ____. A. it is better for interviewees to be honest than to pretend to understand. B. interviewees should ask a question if they can't think of an answer. C. it is not a good idea for interviewees to be completely honest in their answers. D. pretending to understand a question is better than giving an unsuitable answer. 7. In paragraph 1, 'those days are gone, even in Hong Kong', suggests that ____. A. in the past, finding a good career was easier in Hong Kong than elsewhere. B. it used to be harder to find a good job in Hong Kong than in other countries. C. nowadays, everyone in Hong Kong has an equal chance of finding a good career. D. even in Hong Kong companies tour the universities trying to recruit graduates. 8. Which of the following sentences is closest in meaning to the paragraph 7? A. Determined, skilled and able people can easily find a good career. B. Graduates should develop at least one of these areas to find a suitable career. C. People with the right qualities should always be able to find a good career. D. The secret of a successful interview is that interviewers have to possess skills, determination or ability. TEST 3

Unit 9. CHOOSING A CAREER Part I. PHONETICS

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. B. secure

C. temporary

D. rewarding

2. A. enthusiastic

B. smooth

C. southern

D. trustworthy

3. A. tertiary

B. trustworthy

C. tempting

D. shortlist

4. A. pension

B. commission

C. passion

D. decision

5. A. shortlist

B. temporary

C. afford

D. accordingly

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1. A. tedious

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the

KÈ

position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. B. fascinating

C. tedious

D. challenging

7. A. prospect

B. reference

C. promoted

D. interview

8. A. unemployment B. economics

C. manufacture

D. responsible

9. A. workforce

B. high-flyer

C. handshake

D. headhunt

10. A. commuter

B. commitment

C. employee

D. attendant

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6. A. rewarding

Part II. VOCABULARY Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Page 330

11. I was only absent ____ the office for a few minutes! A. for

B. from

C. in

D. about

12. She became a full-time member of ____ last year. B. employers

C. workers

D. staff

A. wage

B. payment

FI CI A

13. The ____ for this position starts at thirty thousand euros per year.

A. employees

C. salary

D. tip

14. Shelley disagreed with the board's decision so she ____ and went to work for another company. A. retired

B. fired

C. sacked

D. resigned

15. Being a flight attendant is a ____ job. You may have to work long hours on long haul flights and not get enough sleep. B. demanding

C. rewarding

D. fascinating

A. tedious

16. I think that doing medical research would be really ____ because this job would save people's lives. A. challenging

B. tiresome

C. rewarding

D. monotonous

A. connection

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17. I am writing in ____ to your advertisement on Vietnamework.com for the post of a personal assistant. B. association

C. relation

D . response

18. Some people ____ to London every day from as far away as Leeds. B. commute

C. commence

A. connect

D. correspond

19. When the factory closed, over a hundred people were ____ redundant. A. made

B. given

C. taken

D. done

20. Most governments tax people on the amount of money they ____ each year. B. gain

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A. win

C. earn

D. benefit

21. After working at the same company for thirty years, my grandfather was looking forward to his ____. A. overtime

B. pension

C. charity

D. allowance

22. Who is responsible ____ dealing with complaints? A. with

B. for

C. in

D. at

C. at

D. on

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A. with

23. Success in this industry depends a lot ____ luck! B. from

24. Don't you think you should apply for the job ____ writing? A. with

B. for

C. at

D. in

25. The ____ I 'm a member of is calling for a nationwide strike next week. A. union

B . charity

A. work

B. job

C. organization

D. company

DẠ

26. Have you had any news about that ____ you applied for yet? C. career

D. vacancy

27. In some professions, you have to ____ when you're 60 or 65 years old. Page 331

A. resign

B. terminate

C. retire

D. dismiss

28. We began ____ looking round for advertising agencies which have experience of our market. A. to

B. with

C. by

D. at

B. with

C. from

D. by

C. diplomas

D. ambitions

FI CI A

A. to

30. Certificates provide proofs of your ____. A. qualifications

B. qualities

31. I'd like to speak to the person in ____ please. A. duty

29. The covering letter wasn't attached ____ the CV.

B. responsibility

C. obligation

D. charge

32. When you ____ the interview, remember to bring some sample of your work. B. join

C. attend

D. make

A. apply

33. I would be grateful for an opportunity to visit your company and discuss my application with you ____. A. in privacy

B. individually

C. privately

D. in person

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34. If my application is successful, I will be able to start work from 15th of August when I finish all my exams. I am ____ my CV with this letter. A. sending

B. attaching

C. closing

D. enclosing

spending a year at "the university of life”. A. off

B. away

35. Like many young people today, I'm thinking about taking a year ____ first, or as people often say, C. out

D. at

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined

QU Y

word(s) in each of the following questions.

36. As he lived in a small town outside the city, he had to commute every day. A. take a bus to work C. take a lift to work

B. drive to work D. travel a long way to and from work

37. The atmosphere at work was so bad that Brian eventually decided to hand in his notice. B. apply for another job

A. notify the boss

C. give up his job

D. be given a better job

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38. My boss has a reputation for being such a slave-driver! A. working overtime

B. working excessively hard

C. being slave to work

D. making his staff work too hard

39. There are excellent prospects for promotion, and you'll know you're doing something to benefit society.

A. opportunities

B. likelihoods

C. futures

D. potentials

DẠ

40. We want to recruit the brightest and the best. If you think you fit the bill, fill in an application form

today.

A. are able to pay the bill

B. are suitable

C. are of the right size

D. are excellent Page 332

41. I am available for an interview all afternoons, except on Tuesday because I am doing a computer course to improve my typing skills. A. willing

B. free

C. impatient

D. longing

42. Finally, Amy decided to quit her job as she couldn't stand doing the same things days in days out. It's so A. easy

B. low-paid

FI CI A

monotonous! C. tedious

D. secure

43. Lucy has just finished her A levels and she has got a place at university, but she would really like a break from the academic world. Therefore, she decides to take a gap year and travel around the world! A. a year off

B. a year out

C. a year away

D. a year's trip 122

44. The experience from an adventurous expedition to a rainforest will broaden your horizons and teach you

new skills. A. expand your range of interests and knowledge

B. open your views

C. widen your eyes

D. be an eye-opener

A. worthwhile

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45. I consider myself to be trustworthy, responsible and enthusiastic. B. talented

C. honest

D. skilled

word(s) in each of the following questions.

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined 46. Well, I want to go straight to university, but I'm also thinking of applying for a temporary job in the summer. A. part-time

B. full-time

C. permanent

D. seasonal

A. dishonest

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47. John was promoted last month for being such a committed worker. B. irresponsible

C. unenthusiastic

D. unreliable

48. With so many breakthroughs in robotic science and technology, much manual work will soon be taken over by robots. A. intellectual work

B. physical work

C. monotonous work

D. dull work

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A. boring

49. I'd go mad if I had to do a dead-end job like working on a supermarket checkout. B. monotonous

C. fascinating

D. demanding

50. He's just so flexible. He'll adapt to any situation. A. adaptable

B. rigid

C. intelligent

D. autonomous

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

DẠ

51. Helen usually ____ her childhood with great pleasure. A. talks back to

B. thinks back on

C. turns back to

D. falls back on

52. One member of the project group ____ the boss and was fired immediately. Page 333

A. came up against

B. came up with

C. talked back to

D. put up with

53. The government is trying not to ____ the money they are spending on vocational training. A. drop out of

B. drop in on

C. go on with

D. cut down on

C. drop out of

D. catch up with

B. keep up with

FI CI A

A. drop in on

54. My grandparents often ____ us without warning. 55. Linda was about to take a part-time job, but she decided to ____ her studies instead. A. keep up with

B. go on with

C. get on with

D. drop out of

56. Many students ____ school to set up their own businesses and become self-employed. A. move out of

B. cut down on

C. drop out of

D. drop in on

57. I'm searching for websites offering career advice so that I can ____ a plan. B. come up with

C. draw up with

with 58. I'm so ____ under with work at the moment - it's awful. B. rained

C. snowed

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A. iced

A. come up against

D. come across

D. fogged

59. The company's announced it's ____ off over 1,000 workers. A. leaving

B. laying

C. setting

D. giving

A. wind

B. tie

60. They're planning to ____ down their operation in Greece and concentrate on Eastern Europe. C. roll

D. stretch

61. The job offer was too good for him to ____ down. A. put

B. cut

C. turn

D. shut

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62. I'm not sure I'm doing it right, but I'll try to ____ ahead with it anyway. A. drive

B. bang

C. touch

D. press

63. Something's just ____ up, so I'm afraid I won't be able to make it this afternoon. A. shown

B. pulled

C. cropped

D. cut

64. Could you lend me some money to ____ me over to the end of the month? B. tie

A. hand

C. get

D. make

A. set

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65. I didn't ____ out to be a millionaire - I just wanted to run a successful business. B. go

C. begin

D. watch

66. Mona's going to leave early this afternoon but she says she'll ____ up the hours tomorrow. A. find

B. make

C. catch

D. bring

67. I was ____ in for the actual manager while she was away on maternity leave.

DẠ

A. heading

B. staying

C. standing

D. sitting

68. Over three hundred workers were made redundant because they had to ____ one factory. A. pull down

B. cut down

C. take down

D. close down Page 334

69. I am ____ seeing you at a job interview. A. waiting for

B. looking for

C. looking forward to

D. hoping to

A. taking on

B. bringing in

C. carrying on to

D. pulling in

70. The company I'm working for at the moment is planning to expand, so they're ____ new staff.

FI CI A

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A. B. C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 71. It was ____ windy that I couldn't stand up! A. so

B. such

C. enough

D. too

72. They were ____ beautiful shoes that I decided I had to get them. A. enough

B. too

C. so

D. such

73. Emma and Karen used to be ____ good friends that I'm surprised they don't get on now. B. enough

C. such

D. too

A. so

74. Tina had ____ much paper work to do that she didn't know where to begin. A. too

B. so

C. such

D. enough

A. Was I not

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75. ____ already busy in February, I would gladly accept your invitation. B. Were I not

C. If I am not

76. He behaved as if nothing ____. B. would happen

C. was happening

A. has happened

D. Unless I was not D. had happened

77. Do what you like ____ you don't make any noise. A. provided

B. if

C. unless

D. suppose

78. We'd better leave early tomorrow ____ there's a lot of traffic when we get to London. B. so long as

QU Y

A. unless

C. in case

D. if

79. Why were you acting ____ you hadn't seen the boss? A. the way

B. as though

C. like

D. as

80. He ran ____ he could to catch up with her.

B. quicker than

C. as quick as

D. as quickly as

A. more quickly than

Exercise 8. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of

KÈ

the following questions.

81. It would have been better if you wouldn't have taken a year out in the first place. A

82. Suppose you haven't found your USB, what would you have done?

DẠ

83. Although her friends tried to persuade her to apply for the job at a local factory, but Christine refused to A

make an application. Page 335

84. If Mariana been able to complete her thesis instead of returning to work, she would have graduated a year A

FI CI A

ago.

85. A year out provided him with so extensive experience that his university was very impressed. A

86. You can leave early this morning in case you promise to make up this afternoon. A

87. Oil and gas prices have raised so rapidly in the past few months that some commuters have been forced A

to B

alter their travelling habits.

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88. Scarlet could type much faster than anyone else in the office does. D

89. Last year, the company went bankrupt so sudden that everyone was taken by surprise. B

90. We have such a lot of bills to pay we don't have any money for luxuries. A

Part IV. SPEAKING

exchanges.

QU Y

Exercise 9. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following 91. "Why don't you wear trainers to work?" “____” A. My boss doesn't want to.

B. We aren't allowed to.

C. We aren't let wear.

D. My boss makes me not to.

92. “Would you mind telling me where he works?” “ ____”

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A. Yes, I would.

C. No, of course not.

B. Never mind. D. Well, he works in a hospital.

93. "How's your new car?" “____” B. As fast as possible.

C. Much faster than my old one.

D. Most fast so far.

A. More fast than my old one.

DẠ

94. “What are you going to do after leaving school?“ “____” A. I'd like to take a year out and travel abroad.

B. My dream job is becoming a

journalist. Page 336

C. Well, I love taking care of kids.

D. I'm going to drop out of school.

95. “What's your dream job?" "____” B. I've always wanted to be a doctor.

C. I want to be successful.

D. I'd like to go straight into university.

A. I want to gain work experience first.

A. Well, I have a lot of qualifications that match. B. I'm highly qualified for the post. C. I used to work in a similar position for two years. D. I consider myself to be trustworthy, responsible and punctual. 97. “Do you like my jacket? It's made of pure silk." "____”

FI CI A

96. “What qualities do you have that make you a suitable candidate for this post?” “____”

B. No, not for me.

C. Really? It must have cost you a fortune.

D. Yes, give it to me.

A. You're such a show off! 98. “What do you do for a living?” “____”

B. I live a happy life, thank you.

C. I earn enough for a living.

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A. I live by working as a secretary.

D. I am a secretary.

99. “How much do you earn in your new job?” “____”

B. You shouldn't ask that.

A. That's a bit nosey of you! C. I'm not your slave!

D. You can be so bossy at times!

100. "I think Mark took some money from my bag while we were out.” “____” A. No, he's far too sensible to do a thing like that.

QU Y

B. No, he's much too shy to do a thing like that. C. No, he's far too honest to do a thing like that. D. No, he's much too proud to do a thing like that. 101. “____” “Tall and fair, pretty, cheerful-looking.” A. How is Mandy?

D. What is Mandy like?

C. How does Mandy like?

B. What does Mandy look like?

KÈ

102. “Would you like some spaghetti?” “____ I'm full.” A. Yes, please.

B. No, thanks.

C. Yes, I would.

D. No, I wouldn't.

103. “How's the new job? Does it pay well?” “____” B. I make a lot more.

C. I get a rise.

D. I earn pretty good money.

A. Not too bad. I get £400 a week after tax.

DẠ

104. “Who are you working for at the moment?” “ ____” A. I work for my boss.

B. I'm my own boss. C. I'm working in IT.

D. I'm an

employer.

Page 337

105. "It usually costs £150, but I got it for £75 in the sale!" " ____" A. Lucky you.

B. Really? You are so lucky.

C. It's a real bargain!

D. I'm not that

lucky.

Part V. READING

FI CI A

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks. CRITICISM

It can take a long time to become successful in your chosen field, however (106) ____ you are. One thing you have to be (107) ____of is that you will face criticism along the way. The world is full of people who would rather say something negative than positive. If you've made up your (108) ____ to

achieve a certain goal, such as writing a novel, don't let the negative criticism of others (109) ____ you from reaching your target, and let constructive criticism have positive (110) ____ on your work. If someone says you're totally (111) ____ in talent, ignore them. That's negative criticism. If,

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however, someone (112) ____ you to revise your work and gives you good reasons for doing so, you should (113) ____ their suggestions carefully. There are many film stars who were once out of (114) ____. There are many famous novelists who made a complete (115) ____ of their first novel - or

who didn't, but had to (116) ____ approaching hundreds of publishers before they could get it published. Being successful does depend on luck, to a certain extent. But things are more likely to (117) ____ well if you persevere and stay positive. B. invested

C. mixed

D. workable

107. A. alert

B. clever

C. intelligent

D. aware

108. A. mind

B. brain

C. thought

D. idea

109. A. cease

B. remove

C. avoid

D. prevent

110. A. outcome

B. result

C. effect

D. consequence

111. A. lacking

B. short

C. missing

D. absent

112. A. suggests

B. advises

C. proposes

D. explains

B. consider

C. look round

D. take

B. business

C. job

D. work

B. rubbish

C. trash

D. garbage

116. A. put off

B. bank on

C. keep on

D. drop in on

117. A. turn out

B. come into

C. deal with

D. sail through

114. A. career

115. A. mess

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113. A. think

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106. A. talented

DẠ

Exercise 11. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Page 338

Although I left university with a good degree, I suddenly found that it was actually quite hard to find a job. After being unemployed for a few months, I realized I had to take the first thing that came along or I'd be in serious financial difficulties. And so, for six very long months, I became a market

research telephone interviewer.

FI CI A

I knew it wasn't the best company in the world when they told me that I'd have to undergo three days of training before starting work, and that I wouldn't get paid for any of it. Still, I knew that the hourly rate when I actually did start full time would be a lot better than unemployment benefit, and I could work up to twelve hours a day, seven days a week if I wanted. So, I thought of the money I'd earn and put up with three days of unpaid training. Whatever those three days taught me - and I can't really remember anything about them today - I wasn't prepared for the way I would be treated by the

supervisors.

It was worse than being at school. There were about twenty interviewers like myself, each sitting in a small, dark booth with an ancient computer and a dirty telephone. The booths were around the

ƠN

walls of the fifth floor of a concrete office block, and the supervisors sat in the middle of the room, listening in to all of our telephone interviews. We weren't allowed to talk to each other, and if we took more than about two seconds from ending one phone call and starting another, they would

shout at us to hurry up and get on with our jobs. We even had to ask for permission to go to the toilet. I was amazed how slowly the day went. Our first break of the day came at eleven o'clock, two hours after we started. I'll always remember that feeling of despair when I would look at my watch thinking, 'It's must be nearly time for the break', only to find that it was quarter to ten and that there

QU Y

was another hour and a quarter to go. My next thought was always, 'I can't believe I'm going to be here until nine o'clock tonight.'

The most frightening aspect of the job was that I was actually quite good at it. 'Oh, no!' I thought. ‘Maybe I'm destined to be a market researcher for the rest of my life.' My boss certainly seemed to think so. One day - during a break, of course - she ordered me into her office. 'Simon,' she said, 'I'm

promoting you. From tomorrow, you're off telecoms and onto credit card complaints. I'm sure you

KÈ

can handle it. There's no extra pay, but it is a very responsible position.' Three weeks later, I quit. It was one of the best decisions I've ever made. 118. Why did the writer become a market research telephone interviewer? B. He had the right university degree for the job.

C. It was the first job he was offered.

D. He knew it was only for six months.

A. He had completely run out of money.

DẠ

119. The writer had doubts about the company when ____. A. they only offered him three days of training B. they told him he wouldn't receive payment for his training Page 339

C. they told him he had to be trained first D. he was told what the hourly rate would be B. silent and dirty

C. untidy and crowded

D. old-fashioned and uncomfortable

121. How did he feel when he realized it wasn't time for the break yet? A. He felt that he would have to go home early. B. He felt that he wouldn't survive to the end of the day. C. He felt that the end of the day seemed so long away. D. He felt that he must have made a mistake.

122. What was unusual about Simon's promotion? A. It showed how good he was at his job.

B. It meant he would be phoning different

people.

D. There was no increase in salary.

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C. It involved greater responsibility.

FI CI A

A. large and noisy

120. His workplace could be best described as ____.

Exercise 12. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

THE SECRETARY

In olden days, when a glimpse of stocking was looked upon as something far too shocking to distract the serious work of an office, secretaries were men.

Then came the First World War and the male secretaries were replaced by women. A man's secretary

QU Y

became his personal servant, charged with remembering his wife's birthday and buying her presents; taking his suits to the dry-cleaners; telling lies on the telephone to keep people he did not wish to speak to at bay; and, of course, typing, filing and taking shorthand. Now all this may be changing again. The microchip and high technology is sweeping the British office, taking with it much of the routine clerical work that secretaries did. "Once office technology

takes over generally, the status of the job will rise again because it will involve only the high-

KÈ

powered work - and then men will want to do it again." That was said by one of the executives (male) of one of the biggest secretarial agencies in this country. What he has predicted is already under way in the US. One girl described to me a recent temporary job placing men in secretarial jobs in San Francisco, she noted that all the men she dealt

with appeared to be gay so possibly that is just a new twist to the old story.

DẠ

Over here, though, there are men coming onto the job market as secretaries. Classically, girls have learned shorthand and typing and gone into a company to seek their fortune from the bottom - and

Page 340

that's what happened to John Bowman. Although he joined a national grocery chain as secretary to its first woman senior manager, he has since been promoted to an administrative job. "I filled in the application form and said I could do audio/typing, and in fact I was the only applicant.

The girls were reluctant to work for this young, glamorous new woman with all this power in the

FI CI A

firm.

I did typing at school, and then a commercial course. I just thought it would be useful finding a job. I never got any funny treatment from the girls, though I admit I've never met another male secretary. But then I joined the Post Office as a clerk and fiddled with the typewriter, and wrote letters, and thought that after all secretaries were getting a good £ 1,000 a year more than clerks like me. There were a shortage at that time, you see.

It was simpler working for a woman than for a man. I found she made decisions, she told everybody what she thought, and there was none of that male bitchiness, or that stuff 'ring this number for me dear' which men go in for.

ƠN

Don't forget we were a team - that's how I feel about it - not boss and servant but two people doing different things for the same purpose.”

One high technology has made the job of secretary less routine, will there be a male takeover? Men

should beware of thinking that they can walk right into the better jobs. There are a lot of women secretaries who will do the job as well as them - not just because they can buy negligees for the boss's wife, but because they are as efficient and well-trained to cope with word processors and computers as men.

QU Y

123. Before 1914 female secretaries were rare because they ____. A. were less efficient than men

B. wore stockings

C. were not as serious as men

D. would have disturbed the other office

workers

124. A female secretary has been expected, besides other duties, to ____. B. do everything her boss asked her to

C. clean her boss's clothes

D. telephone her boss's wife

KÈ

A. be her boss's memory

125. A secretary in the future will ____. A. be better paid

B. have less work to do

C. have higher status

D. have more work to do

126. He was given his first job as a secretary because ____. B. he was lucky

C. he wanted to work for a woman

D. no one else applied

DẠ

A. he had the best qualifications

127. He did a commercial course because he ____. Page 341

A. couldn't think of anything else to do

B. thought it would help him to find a job

C. had done typing at school

D. wanted to become a secretary B. they were better trained

C. they had greater responsibility

D. they worked longer hours

FI CI A

A. not many were looking for jobs

129. He found that working for a female boss was less ____. A. boring

B. easy

128. When he was a post office clerk, secretaries were better paid because ____.

C. complicated

D. frustrating

130. The writer believes that before long ____. A. men and women will be secretaries

B. men will take over women's jobs as secretaries

C. men will better with machines

D. women will operate most office machines

Part VI. WRITING

Exercise 13. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

ƠN

131. Thanks to her high grades at university, Barbara is offered the position. A. If she got high grades at university, Barbara would be offered the position. B. It was her high grades at university which offer Barbara the position.

C. If she hadn't got high grades at university, Barbara would not have been offered the position. D. If she had not got high grades at university, Barbara would not be offered the position. 132. Unless you come on time, we will go without you. A. Come on time or we will go without you.

QU Y

B. Come on time, we will go without you.

C. Because of your punctuality, we will go without you. D. Without your coming on time, we will go. 133. They got success in their job interviews since they took my advice. A. They took my advice, and failed in their job interviews.

B. If they did not take my advice, they would not get success in their job interviews.

KÈ

C. But for taking my advice, they would not have got success in their job interviews. D. My advice stopped them from getting success in the job interviews. 134. They waited such a long time that baby Caroline started to cry. A. They waited too long for baby Caroline not to cry.

B. They waited so long that baby Caroline started to cry.

DẠ

C. They waited long enough for baby Caroline to start to cry. D. They waited enough long for baby Caroline to start to cry.

135. Although he lacked experience, he was offered the job. Page 342

A. Despite of his lack experience, he was offered the job. B. Despite of his lack of experience, he was offered the job.

136. As long as you finish your work, you can leave early. A. You can't leave early until you finish your work. B. Unless you finish your work, you can leave early. C. Provided that you finish your work, you can leave early. D. If only you finish your work, you can leave early. 137. He pretended not to see his supervisor and went on working.

A. He went on working as though he hadn't seen his supervisor.

FI CI A

D. In spite of the fact that he lacked experience, he was offered the job.

C. In spite of his lack experience, he was offered the job.

B. He tried not to see his supervisor and went on working. C. He avoided seeing his supervisor and went on working. 138. I did far better than Chris in the exam. A. Chris didn't do as well as me in the exam.

C. Chris did much worse than me in the exam.

ƠN

D. He did not see his supervisor and went on working.

B. I did farther than Chris in the exam. D. I didn't do worse than Chris.bado

139. Hardly had I left the office when there was a power cut. A. I left the office after there was a power cut.

B. I left the office long before there was a power cut.

QU Y

C. No sooner had I left the office than there was a power cut. D. When I was leaving the office, there was a power cut. 140. Dany ate lots of ice cream and now he has a stomachache. A. If Dany didn't eat much ice cream, he wouldn't have a stomachache. B. If Dany hadn't eaten much ice cream, he wouldn't have a stomachache.

C. If Dany hadn't eaten much ice cream, he wouldn't have had a stomachache.

KÈ

D. If Dany didn't eat much ice cream, he wouldn't have had a stomachache. Exercise 14. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. 141. He's just so flexible. He'll adapt to any situation.

A. Flexible as he is, he cannot adapt to any situation.

DẠ

B. He's too flexible to adapt to any situation. C. He's enough flexible to adapt to any situation. D. He's so flexible that he'll adapt to any situation. Page 343

142. I find it very challenging. It requires a lot of concentration and determination. A. I find it very challenging, so it requires a lot of concentration and determination. C. I find it very challenging, for it requires a lot of concentration and determination 143. I judge by the car he drives. I'd say he's got a pretty good job.

FI CI A

D. I find it very challenging, though it requires a lot of concentration and determination.

B. I find it very challenging, yet it requires a lot of concentration and determination.

A. Because I judge by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job. B. When I judge by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job.

C. Unless I judge by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job 144. You gave us timely warning. We were unaware of the danger.

D. Judging by the car he drives, I'd say he's got a pretty good job.

A. But for your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger.

B. Because of your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger.

ƠN

C. Despite your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger. D. Instead of your timely warning, we would have been unaware of the danger. 145 I didn't understand his instructions. I asked him to repeat what he had said.

A. I didn't understand his instructions because I asked him to repeat what he had said. B. I didn't understand his instructions, and I asked him to repeat what he had said. C. I didn't understand his instructions, for I asked him to repeat what he had said.

QU Y

D. I didn't understand his instructions, so I asked him to repeat what he had said ………………………………………………………………………………….

Unit 10. LIFELONG LEARNING

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A. VOCABULARY • adequate /ˈædɪkwət/ (a): thỏa đáng, phù hợp • e-learning /ˈiː lɜːnɪŋ/ (n): hình thức học trực tuyến • employable /ɪmˈplɔɪəbl/ (a): có thể được thuê làm việc • facilitate /fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/ (v): tạo điều kiện thuận lợi • flexibility /ˌfleksəˈbɪləti/ (n): tính linh động • genius /ˈdʒiːniəs/ (n): thiên tài • hospitality /ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti/ (n): lòng mến khách • initiative /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ (n): sáng kiến, tính chủ động trong công việc • institution /ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃn/ (n): cơ quan, tổ chức • interaction /ˌɪntərˈækʃn/ (n): sự tương tác • lifelong /ˈlaɪflɒŋ/ (a): suốt đời • opportunity /ˌɒpəˈtjuːnəti/ (n): cơ hội • overwhelming /ˌəʊvəˈwelmɪŋ/ (a): vượt trội • pursuit /pəˈsjuːt/ (n): sự theođuổi • self-directed /sef-dəˈrektɪd/ (a): theo định hướng cá nhân • self-motivated /ˌself ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪd/ (a): có động lực cá nhân Page 344

If clause

FI CI A

• temptation /tempˈteɪʃn/ (n): sự lôi cuốn • ultimate /ˈʌltɪmət/ (a): sau cùng, quan trọng nhất • voluntarily /ˈvɒləntrəli/ (adv): một cách tự nguyện GRAMMAR GRAMMAR I. CONDITIONAL TYPE 3 (CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN LOẠI 3) Câu điều kiện loại 3 là loại câu điều kiện không có thực trong quá khứ, trái với thực tế trong quá khứ Form: Main clause

If + S + had + PP (past perfect)

S + would / could/ might + have + PP

ƠN

E.g: - If I had studied hard, I could have passed the exam last month. (I didn't study hard) - If he had come there yesterday, he would have met her. (He didn't come there yesterday) II. MIXED CONDITIONALS (CÂUĐIỂU KIỆN HỖN HỢP) Có 2 loại câu điều kiện hỗn hợp thường gặp nhất là loại 3 + loại 2 và loại 2 + loại 3. 1. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp "3-2" Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp dạng này diễn tả một giả thiết trái với quá khứ nhưng kết quả trái với hiện tại. Form: If clause

Main clause

S + would / could/ might + V (bare-inf)

If + S + had + PP (past perfect)

If clause If + S + past simple

QU Y

E.g: If she hadn't stayed up late last night, she wouldn't be so tired now. (Nếu tối qua cô ấy không thức khuya thì bây giờ cô ấy không bị mệt.) Lưu ý: Những trạng từ thời gian đi kèm có thể giúp chúng ta xác định loại câu điều kiện phù hợp. 2. Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp "2-3" Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp dạng này diễn tả một giả thiết trái với hiện tại nhưng kết quả thì trái với quá khứ. Form: Main clause

S + would / could/ might + have + PP

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E.g: lf I were you, I would have learned English earlier. (Nếu tôi là bạn thì tôi đã học Tiếng Anh sớm hơn.) 3. Một số cách khác để diễn đạt câu điều kiện a. Unless = If....not (Trừ phi, nếu...không) E.g: If you don't study hard, you can't pass the exam. = Unless you work hard, you can't pass the exam. b. Suppose / Supposing (giả sử như), in case (trong trường hợp), even if (ngay cả khi, cho dù), as long as, so long as, provided (that), on condition (that) (miễn là, với điều kiện là) có thể thay cho if trong câu điều kiện E.g: Supposing (that) you are wrong, what will you do then? c. Without: không có E.g: Without water, life wouldn't exist. = If there were no water, life wouldn't exist. ■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN Bài 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, using Conditional sentences type III. Page 345

FI CI A

1. If it__________(to be) warmer, we__________(to go) swimming. 2. My parents__________(to buy) this house if the man__________(not/to sell) it to someone else. 3. If he__________(not/to fail) his driving test, his parents__________(to lend) him their car. 4. If my uncle__________(to tell) me the way to his office, I__________ (not/to arrive) so late. 5. She__________(to be) at the airport if she__________(to read) the message carefully. 6. Sarah__________(not/to hurt) her foot if she__________(not/to drop) the old box on it. 7. If you__________ (to use) a sharp knife, you__________(not/to cut) yourself. 8. If Jenny__________(to celebrate) her birthday at home, I__________(to bring) her some flowers. 9. We__________(to take) the train to Edinburgh if it__________ (to run) on time. 10. If Tim__________(not/to forget) his schoolbag, he__________ (to give) you your USB flash drive. Bài 2: Match the two halves to make a conditional sentence.

A. I wouldn't be married to her now

2. If I'd gone to bed at my normal time,

B. my eyes wouldn't be so red and tired today

3. If I had more money,

C. we wouldn't be so late

4. If Hoa studied more,

D. my sister might have been able to go to that party

5. If the pitch was in better condition,

E. I would have considered coming to visit you

6. If my parents weren't so strict,

F. I wouldn't have asked the bank for a loan

7. If the plane tickets were a little cheaper,

G. she could've gone to a better college

ƠN

1. If we'd left the house earlier,

8. If I hadn't gone into Celia's store to buy a H. the match could have taken place last night coat,

KÈ

QU Y

Bài 3: Rewrite the following sentences. 1. The weather was bad so we didn't go out yesterday.  If______________________________. 2. You didn't phone us so we didn't get there in time.  We ______________________________. 3. I wasn't able to help you because you didn't explain the problem to me.  I might______________________________. 4. They weren't listening carefully so they didn't understand what she was saying.  They might______________________________. 5. You took me to your friend's party and I met Hung.  If______________________________.

DẠ

Bài 4: Choose the best answer. 1. Would you know what to do if you__________a heart attack? A. would be having B. would have C. were having 2. If it hadn't been for you, I__________here now. A. wouldn't be B. hadn't been C. wouldn't have been Page 346

ƠN

FI CI A

3. As long as she__________me, I'll be there for her. A. will need B. needed C. needs 4. I wouldn't be living here if I__________the choice. A. were having B. would have C. had 5. If there hadn't been a fire extinguisher, the house__________down. A. had burned B. would have burned C. would burn 6. Immigrants__________claim benefits, unless they have paid taxes here. A. cannot B. wouldn't be able to C. hadn't been able to 7. __________happier if you had never met her? A. Will you be B. Had you been C. Would you have been 8. If I__________her, now I would be happier. A. had never met B. did never met C. would never meet 9. I__________the exam even if I have to cheat. A. pass B. would pass C. ‘m going to pass 10. They might have spent the whole week at the campsite, provided they__________enough food and water. A. would have bought B. would buy C. had bought

QU Y

Bài 5: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, using a conditional sentence (type I, II, III) 1. If we meet at 9:30, we__________ (to have) plenty of time. 2. Lisa would find the milk if she__________(to look) in the fridge. 3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she__________ (to feed) the animals. 4. If you spoke louder, your classmates__________ (to understand) you. 5. David__________(to arrive) safe if he drove slowly. 6. You__________(to have) no trouble at school if you had done your homework. 7. If you__________(to swim) in this lake, you'll shiver from cold. 8. The door will unlock if you__________(to press) the green button. 9. If Mel__________(to ask) her teacher, he'd have answered her questions. 10. I__________(to call) the office if I was/were you. ■ BÀI TẬP NÂNG CAO Bài 6: Fill in each blank with one word from the box. condition

even

had

long

provided

should

supposing

unless

whether

KÈ

case

DẠ

1. You should vote__________if you don't know who to vote for. 2. You can go on__________ you come back before 10. 3. __________it not been for him, I would have drowned. 4. It's my money, so I'm going to buy a new car__________or not you agree with me. 5. __________I told you the truth, would you ever tell anyone? 6. It doesn't matter how slowly you go as__________as you do not stop. 7. You can print as many copies as you want __________that they are intended for personal use. 8. __________you see her, will you tell her to call me? Page 347

9. The concert will be cancelled__________ we sell more tickets. 10. I'll take some snacks in__________we get hungry along.

FI CI A

Bài 7: Choose the correct answer in brackets. 1. If I__________(didn't have/ don't have) this homework to do, I would have gone out with my friends. 2. She__________(won't come/ wouldn't have come) by train if she could drive. 3. They__________(would/ would have) gone for a walk if it wasn't raining. 4. If I__________(am/ were) him, I wouldn't have quit my job until I'd found another. 5. If they__________(hadn't eaten/wouldn't eaten) so much, they wouldn't feel ill now. 6. You__________(are/ wouldn't be) so tired if you'd gone to bed earlier. 7. David__________(would be moving/ would moved) to Germany next month if he'd got the job. 8. If we__________(won/'d won) the lottery last night, we'd be rich.

KÈ

QU Y

ƠN

Bài 8: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Dialogue 1 Ann: How was your Spanish exam, Lisa? Lisa: Fine, I guess. I got a B. I could have got a better mark provided I (1) __________(work) harder on the verbs. And you? Ann: I didn't study and I failed, but I (2) __________(fail) even if I had studied, that's why I decided not to do it. Lisa: That's not true. Nobody fails an exam as long as they (3) __________(study). Ann: That's easy for you to say. If you (4) __________(be) in my shoes, you would think differently. Sometimes people work hard but they don't get the results they want. It's different for you; for you it's easy to succeed in whatever you want to succeed. Lisa: That's unfair. I wouldn't be where I am today if I (5) __________(work) very hard all these past years. Dialogue 2 Mother: You can't go out. That's out of question. Son: Please, mum. Can I go out on condition I (6) __________(do) all my homework before leaving. Mother: Well, if you (7) __________ (do) your homework when I asked you, you would be allowed to go out now. Son: But I didn't hear you. If I had heard you, I (8) __________(do) it. Mother: That's the problem; you never listen. It (9) __________(not hurt) if you listened to me once in a while. If you (10) __________(do) it more often, your life would be much easier.

DẠ

Bài 9: Write one word in each space in the following mixed conditional sentences. The word may be a negative contraction. 1. The children wouldn't have gotten into trouble if they had__________more supervision. 2. The cake__________have turned out better if we had followed the recipe. 3. If the train__________been late, we wouldn't have missed our connection. 4. The dog__________have run away if the people had kept him in the yard. 5. The bear wouldn't have attacked if the man__________come so close to her cubs. 6. If only it__________stop raining! 7. I wish I__________eaten so much! Page 348

DẠ

KÈ

QU Y

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FI CI A

Bài 10: Choose the best answer. 1. __________about that incident, I__________in trouble but, fortunately, nobody told him. A. Did he find out... would be B. Had he found out... would have been C. Did he find out... would have been D. Had he found out... would be 2. __________the yesterday's storm, we... there now. B. Had it not been for... might be A. Hadn't it been for... would have been C. Hadn't it been for... would be D. Had it not been for... could have been 3. If only I__________so much, I__________much better now. A. didn't eat... would feel B. hadn't eaten ... would have felt C. didn't eat... would have felt D. hadn't eaten ... would feel 4. If the weather__________ bad, we__________at home. A. is... will always stay B. was... always stayed C. was... would always stay D. had been ... would stay 5. If you__________him, he__________left out. A. hadn't invited ... would feel B. didn't invite... would have felt C. hadn't invited ... might have felt D. don't invite... might have felt 6. It__________very nice of you if you__________me with the washing-up. A. would be... help B. will be... help C. would be... would help D. is... help 7. I__________it for you__________help me. A. will do... if you don't B. will do... unless you C. will do... provided you D. won't do... only if you 8. If you__________your exam, you__________learn now. A. passed ... wouldn't have to B. had passed ... wouldn't have had to C. passed ... wouldn't have had to D. had passed ... wouldn't have to 9. If it__________Pau I, we__________that game. A. wasn't... would have lost B. hadn't been for... would have lost C. wasn't for... would lost D. hadn't been for... would lost 10. We__________lots of trouble__________. A. would have... but for you B. would have... if you had helped us C. would have had ... but for your help D. would have had ... if you had helped us 11. If my mum__________us yesterday, we__________hurry now. A. had packed ... wouldn't have to B. had packed ... won't have to C. packed ... wouldn't have to D. had packed ... wouldn't have had to 12. If I__________a little stronger, I__________that competition last month. A. was... would win B. had been ... would have won C. were... would have won D. had been ... would won

8. If you__________helped me, I couldn't have finished this project. 9. If the garden were bigger, we__________plant more vegetables. 10. I think you__________do better if you really tried.

Bài 11: Choose the correct answer. Page 349

KÈ

QU Y

ƠN

FI CI A

Dear Anna, It was nice to hear from you, and I'd love to come and visit you in New York! (1) __________ I can save enough money before summer holidays start, I (2) __________at the end of June. (3) __________, I'll see you in the autumn because I'm sure that I (4) __________enough money by October - if I (5) __________my job by then! Unfortunately, a lot of people in our company are being made redundant. If I (6) __________any sense, I (7) __________ this job a long time ago. By the way, congratulations on your promotion. If you keep on like this, you (8) __________ the school soon! It sounds (9) __________the weather has been really good over there. It has been terrible here. If it (10) __________at the weekend, I (11) __________soon beemigrating to somewhere with a better climate! Seriously, I'm wondering if it's time (12) __________about going abroad again. Looking forward to seeing you soon. Say hello to your family for me. Love, Sally 1. A. If only B. In case C. Unless D. Provided 2. A. come B. 'll come C. 'd come D. came 3. A. If B. When C. Unless D. Otherwise 4. A. ‘ll save B. 'll be saving C. might save D. 'll have saved 5. A. didn't lose B. don't lose C. haven't lost D. won't lose 6. A. have B. had C. 've had D. 'll have 7. A. 'll leave B. 'd leave C. 'd be leaving D. 'd have left 8. A. would run B. 'll be running C. 'll have run D. should run 9. A. as if B. as C. if D. only 10. A. still rains B. rains still C. 's still raining D. still rained 11. A. should B. can C. could D. have 12. A. for me to think B. I'm thinking C. I've thought D. I think KEY BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG Bài 1: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, using Conditional sentences type III. 1. had been/would have gone 2. would have bought/had not sold 3. had not failed I would have lent 4. had told I would not have arrived 5. would have been /had read 6. would not have hurt / had not dropped 7. had used / would not have cut 8. had celebrated I would have brought 9. would have taken / had run 10. had not forgotten / would have given

1. C

DẠ

2. B

Bài 2: Match the two halves to make a conditional sentence. 5. H 6. D

3. F

7. E

4. G

8. A Page 350

6. A

2. A

7. C

3. C

8. A

4. C

9. C

5. B

10. C

Bài 4: Choose the best answer. 1. C

FI CI A

Bài 3: Rewrite the following sentences. 1. If the weather hadn't been bad, we would have gone out yesterday. 2. We would have got there in time if you had phoned US. 3. I might have been able to help you if you had explained the problem to me. 4. They might have understood what she was saying if they had been listening carefully. 5. If you hadn't taken me to your friend's party, I wouldn't have met Hung.

ƠN

Bài 5: Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form, using a conditional sentence (type I, 11,111) 6. would have had

2. looked

7. swim

3. had fed

8. press

1. will have

4. would understand

9. had asked

5. would arrive

10. would call

QU Y

Bài 6: Fill in each blank with one word from the box. 1. even

6. long

2. condition

7. provided

3. Had

8. Should

4. whether

9. unless

KÈ

5. Supposing

10. case

Bài 7: Choose the correct answer in brackets. 1. didn't have

5. hadn't eaten 6. wouldn't be

3. would have

7. would be moving

4. were

8. 'd won

DẠ

2. wouldn't have come

Bài 8: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Page 351

2. would have failed

7. had done

3. study

8. would have done

4. were

9. wouldn't hurt

5. hadn't worked

10. did

6. do

FI CI A

1. had worked

6. would

2. would

7. hadn't

3. hadn't

8. hadn't

4. wouldn't

9. could

5. hadn't

10. could

Bài 10: Choose the best answer. 7. C

2. B

8. D

3. D

9. B

1. B

ƠN

1. had

Bài 9: Write one word in each space in the following mixed conditional sentences. The word may be a negative contraction.

4. B

10. C

5. C

11. A 12. C

QU Y

6. C

Bài 11: Choose the correct answer. 1. D

7. D (mixed conditional: kết quả trái với thực tế quá khứ)

2. B

8. B

9. A

3. D (nếu không thì)

10. C

5. C

11. C

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4. D (tương lai hoàn thành -by October) 6. B (mixed conditional)

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6. A. facilitate B. imitate C. negotiate D. initiative 7. A. those B. clothes C. shopping D. envelope II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others. 1. A. polite B. penfriend C. shorthand D. breakdown 2. A. multimedia B. possibility C. telepathy D. interactive 3. A. opportunity B. enthusiasm C. informality D. independently 4. A. average B. candidate C. severely D. applicant 5. A. insurance B. reference C. consider D. available B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms. 1. If I (have) ___have_____ time, I will write to him. 2. If it's cold, 1 (need) ____will need_____ a heavier coat. 3. What are you going to do if you (have) ____have______ a holiday? 4. If I can go tomorrow, I (let) ______will let_____ you know. 5. If I should meet Helen, I (give) ____will give_____ her your message. 6. If flowers don't get any water, they (die) ___will die___. 7. If I (get) ____get______ a headache, I usually take some aspirins. 8. I will go to the party unless it (rain) _____rains_____. 9. She will buy the car as long as it (not be) _____isn’t______ too expensive. 10. Everything (be) ____will be_____ better provided you tell the truth. 11. If he (come) _____comes______, please tell him that I'll be back in a few minutes. 12. Don't come if they (not call) ____don’t call_____ you. 13. If you (need) _____need____, why don't you tell me? 14. Suppose you (win) ______won______ a lot of money, what would you do? 15. If I got up earlier, I (not be) ___wouldn’t be____ late for work II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms. 1. If I didn't feel so tired, I (go) ____would go_____ out with you. 2. If you (not pass) ____didn’t pass____ the exam, would you take it again? 3. If I (be) _____were______ you, I would apply for the job. 4. I could repair the car if I (have) _____had_____ the right tools. 5. If I (study) ___had studied_____ hard, I would have passed the exam. 6. If I (not be) ____hadn’t been____ busy yesterday, I would have visited you. 7. She (go) ___would have gone___ to the university if she had had the opportunity. 8. Suppose they had offered her a job, do you think she (take) ____would have taken____ it? 9. If she hadn't been ill yesterday, she (go) ____would go_____ to work now. 10. If I (be) _____were____ you, I wouldn't have told him the truth yesterday. 11. If today were Monday, I (not go) ____wouldn’t have gone____ to work yesterday. 12. What would happen if you (not go) ____didn’t go______ to work tomorrow. 13. If I had gone to your party last night, I (be) ____would be_____ very tired now. 14. She must apologize to me or I ___will never speak____ (never speak) to her again. 15. If he hadn't stayed up late, he ___wouldn’t have finished____ (not finish) his task yesterday. III. Complete the sentences with because / as/ since/ if/ when, or so. 1. We decided to go out to eat _____ because _____ we had no food at home. 2. He has a very important job ______ so ______ he is particularly well-paid. 3. Can I borrow that book _____ when ______ you've finished it? 4. No one was watching the television _______ so ______ I switched it off.

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5. _____ because _____ she changed a lot, we didn't recognize her. 6. _____ if _______ you've ready, we can start now. 7. I'm going away for a few days, I'll phone you ______ when ____ I get back. 8. You should inform the police ______ if ______ your bicycle is stolen. 9. Mathew went to bed ______as______ it was too late to go out. 10. ____ when / if______ you drive without driving license, you're breaking the law. 11. ____ because ______ the weather was bad, they delayed their trip. 12. He will buy a new car ______ when ______ he saves up. IV. Give the correct form of the verb given in the brackets. 1. My dad (not like) ____doesn’t like___ coffee, he never _____drinks______ (drink) it. 2. Ba is short. He wishes he _____were______ (be) taller. 3. This house is empty. It ___hasn’t been lived____ (not live) in for many years. 4. I hate ____getting____ (get) up early in winter. 5. Traditionally, the ao dai ____is worn_____ (wear) by both men and women. 6. This is my house. I _____have lived______ (live) here for 7 years. 7. I'm busy at the moment. I ____am cleaning____ (clean) the floor. 8. Where you ___did you spend____ (spend) your holiday last summer? 9. I ______saw______ (see) Nam while I ____was going_____ (go) to school yesterday. 10. My brother is a teacher. He _____works_____ (work) in a school in the city centre. V. Give the correct form of the word to complete the following sentences. 1. Get involved outside your job area, in ____social____ committees, health and safety committees. SOCIETY 2. She ____voluntarily_____ did a lot of work for the Red Cross. VOLUNTARY 3. The equipment at the workplace was barely ____adequate____ to the job we had to do. ADEQUATED 4. Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton were great _____scientific_______ geniuses. SCIENT 5. Acquiring education is a lifelong ____process____, not just confined to schools and colleges. PROCESSING 6. Recent research suggests that children born to teenage mothers are more likely to be poor, and to receive inadequate _____healthcare______ and education. HEALTH 7. It is hard to resist the ____temptation_____ to buy a new car, but a used vehicle is much cheaper in the long run. TEMPT 8. The job of ESL teacher is often described as that of a ____facilitator___ of language use by learners in the classroom. FACILY 9. In 1968, 80 percent of ___employable____ women worked outside the home. EMPLOY 10. You shouldn't live merely in _____pursuit_____ of your own happiness. PURSUITING VI. Each sentence has a mistake find and correct it. 1. How about having dinner and then go to the theater? → going 2. It's possible store solar energy for a number of days. → to store 3. Our environment has become worse but there are many factors causing from men. → because 4. My recent electricity bill is enormous so I'm worried in it. → about 5. She turned on her radio at the lowest in order not to disturb the others at night. → down 6. The path was made by walkers where crossed the mountains some years ago. → who 7. Tan and his lovely cat which the police are finding disappeared last week. → that 8. Let me congratulate you on pass your exam to university. → passing 9. The woman who son is excellent in math lives next door to us. → whose 10. Do you find Jack, that is a new student? → who

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VII. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. We all welcome the government's initiative to boost lifelong learning. A. intention B. initial C. new plan D. prospect 2. His life is a rich source of inspiration for many writers and poets. A. nuance B. hindrance C. discouragement D. encouragement 3. Lifelong learning can also help amend some of the weaknesses of the education system. A. correct B. change C. develop D. intensify 4. A good lifelong learner can advance both at work and in life. A. process B. progress C. precede D. recede 5. If you have the right qualifications and are good at English, you are very likely to get promoted. A. elevated B. enlightened C. encouraged D. endorsed 6. What is your barrier to lifelong learning? A. bar B. obstacle C. badge D. motivation 7. I am lucky to have a very supportive supervisor. A. survivor B. manager C. saver D. protector 8. Upon the project completion, I was transferred to the sales department. A. moved B. dismissed C. retrained D. translated 9. Our first priority is to offer free education to all people. A. attention B. help C. concern D. aid 10. It is equal chance for everyone. No one should be given privilege. A. time B. money C. disadvantage D. advantage VIII. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1 What he can't do is to make attendance compulsory, or threaten that non attendance will delay other qualifications. A. obligatory B. selective C. required D. mandatory 2. It just gave you a stronger motivation for doing what you already knew was right. A. discouragement B. emotion C. feeling D. inspiration 3. The plans should remain flexible to accommodate changes in students' needs and circumstances. A. fixed B. adjustable C. constant D. changeable 4. Having adequate funding is crucial throughout the leaning process. A. abundant B. enough C. insufficient D. satisfactory 5. If children are inactive most of the time, it is very easy for them to gain weight. A. put up B. loose C. lose D. put on 6. Those students who fail the National High School exams may want to retake them the following year. A. pass B. fall C. sit D. take 7. A new school has just been set up for the kids in the area. A. started B. established C. built D. demolished 8. Thanks to lifelong learning, people's level of awareness has improved significantly. A. has increased B. has declined C. has gone up D. has bettered 9. The school picnic has been cancelled because of bad weather. A. called off B. continued C. destroyed D. broken off 10. The teacher asked us to get on with the next exercise and he would be back in a while. A. finish doing B. start doing C. continue doing D. stop doing IX. Choose the word or phrase that best completes each unfinished sentence below.

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1. We should do some thing to protect water from being polluted ____ we will have nothing to drink in the future. A. if B. whether C. or D. unless 2. Hurry up! They've only got ____ seats left. A. a few B. a little C. a lot of D. plenty of 3. I hope he doesn't keep us ____. A. to wait B. waiting C. for waiting D. wait 4. These were the days ____ we were very happy, A. that B. of which C. about which D. when 5. I turn down the job ____ the attractive salary. A. because B. because of C. although D. despite 6. The scientists and engineers have become key figures in our modern ____ society. A. industry B. industrial C. industrialize D. industrialization 7. He asked me ____. A. since when I waited B. since when I am waiting C. how long I have been waiting D. how long I had been waiting 8. She remembered the correct address only ____ she had posted the letter. A. since B. afterward C. following D. after 9. His parents never allowed him ____. A. smoking B. smoke C. to smoke D. some smoke 10. I didn't go to school yesterday ____ I was ill. A. because B. and C but D. so 11 He will stay at home ____ it rains. A. or B. however C. if D. but 12. That man lives next door, ____he? A. does B. doesn't C. don't D. isn't 13. Mary wishes she ____ speak Vietnamese A. can B. could C. should D. will 14. What is minimum entrance ____ for this course? A. condition B. requirement C. certificate D. ability 15. The writer could not be at the ceremony, and his wife accepted the prize on his ____. A. absence B. remembrance C. behalf D. reminder 16. If you had taken my advice, you ____ in such difficulties now. A. wouldn't be B. won't be C. wouldn't have been D. hadn't been 17. If Jack had tried hard the last season, ____. A. he would now be in the national team B. he is never in time for the match C. he will now be in the national team D. he has never been in time for the match 18. One of the most forgotten ____ of education is to teach students how they can learn on their own. A. directions B. subjects C. objects D. aims 19. When the post finally fell ____. They offered it to Brian. A. vacant B. vacantly C. vacancy D. vacancies 20. Today's online world is full of opportunities for all of us to ____ our own learning path. A. discover B. determine C. control D. influence 21. Is English a compulsory subject or a(n) ____ one at high school here? A. obligatory B. mandatory C. obliging D. optional 22. We ____ won the game if we'd had a few more minutes.

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A. had B. could have C. have D. will 23. If Nam hadn't quarreled with the bad boys at school, he ____ a black eye. A. won't have had B. hadn't had C. would have had D. wouldn't have had 24. As a university student you are expected to take responsibility for your on learning and be ____. A. self-aware B. self-centered C. self-absorbed D. self-directed 25. If you understand a matter thoroughly, that means you understand it ____. A. hardly B. hard C. completely D. scarcely for life; education is life itself," said John Dewey. 26. "Education is not A. arrangement B. agreement C. preparation D. contribution 27. Had you told me that this was going to happen, I ____ it. A. would never have believed B. don't believe C. hadn't believed D. can't believe 28. What ____ you do if you saw a UFO? A. will B. do C. would D. can 29. Nobody came here yesterday, ____? A. didn't they B. didn't he C. did he D. did they 30. Do you remember the name of the girl ____ we met at the party last night? A. which B. where C. who D. whom C. READING I. Choose the best answer to complete the text. Most people (1) ____ learning with formal education at school, college, university etc. We are all told, from an early age, that we should get a good education'. Generally speaking, it is true that a formal education and the resulting qualifications are important. Education may (2) ____ our potential to find better, more satisfying jobs, earn more and perhaps, become more successful in our chosen career. However, 'schooling' is only one type of learning. There are many other opportunities to further your (3) ____ and develop the skills you need throughout life. Knowledge can be acquired and skill sets developed anywhere - learning is unavoidable and happens all the (4) ____. However, lifelong learning is about creating and maintaining a positive attitude to learning both for personal and professional development. Lifelong learners are self-motivated to learn and develop because they want to. (5) ____ learning can enhance our understanding of the world around us, provide us with more and better opportunities and improve our quality of life. People learn for personal development and for professional (6) ____. There are many reasons why people learn for personal development. You may want to increase your knowledge or (7) ____ around a particular hobby or pastime that you enjoy. Perhaps you want to develop some entirely new skill that will in some way enhance your life – take a pottery (8) ____ car mechanic course for example. Perhaps you want to research a medical condition or your ancestry. If you do find yourself unemployed, then use the time wisely. Learning something new can pay off with new opportunities which might not otherwise have (9) ____. While you are employed, take advantage of training, coaching or mentoring opportunities and work on your continuous professional development as you will likely (10) ____ better at what you do and more indispensable to your current or future employer. 1. A. allow B. associate C. express D. communicate 2. A. possess B. affect C. limit D. maximise 3. A. knowledge B. height C. ability D. top 4. A. path B. present C. time D. future 5. A. Inclusion B. Combination C. Spirit D. Lifelong Page 357

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6. A. unemployment B. development C. illnesses D. tiredness 7. A. skills B. partnership C. business D. group 8. A. but B. because C. or D. so 9. A. stretched B. offered C. extended D. arisen 10. A. cause B. become C. support D. save II. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box. company maintain loneliness level create involvement decrease explore expand past Many scientists offer the top benefits of lifelong learning which is to fully engage the brain, heighten physical activity, and (1) ____ maintain ____ healthy social relationships. First, lifelong learning helps fully develop natural abilities. Once we're no longer working full time, we have the opportunity to fully (2) ____ explore _____ and develop these abilities. There's nothing like listening to or taking part in stimulating discussions to help us see the other side of an issue. That give-andtake opens our minds and brings us to a whole new (3) ____ level _____ of understanding. Next, lifelong learning gives us the benefit of real perspective and enables us to find true meaning in the hills and valleys of our (4) ___ past ___. Today's retirees and people who are about to retire want and demand more from their later years. They are taking part in educational programmes, traveling all over the world, and offering their expertise to society through meaningful community (5) ____ involvement ___. No one enjoys (6) ____ loneliness _____, and through lifelong learning, older adults are meeting new people. Lifelong learning is a brilliant way to keep in touch with people, meet new friends, and enjoy life surrounded by the (7) _____ company ___ of folks who are truly embracing the excitement of our later years. We base everything on the belief that our capacity to learn and grow does not (8) ___ decrease ____ as our years increase. Through academic learning, we (9) ___ expand ____ our awareness, embrace selffulfillment, and truly (10) ____ create ____ an exciting multi-dimensional life. III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8. Successful students often do the followings while studying. First, they have an overview before reading. Next, they look for important information and pay greater attention to it (which often needs jumping forward or backward to process information). They also relate important points to one another. Also, they activate and use their prior knowledge. When they realize that their understanding is not good, they do not wait to change strategies. Last, they can monitor understanding and take action to correct or "fix up" mistakes in comprehension. Conversely students with low academic achievement often demonstrate ineffective study skills. They tend to assume a passive role in learning and rely on others (eg, teachers, parents) to monitor their studying, for example, low achieving students often do not monitor their understanding of content they may not be aware of the purpose of studying, and they show little evidence of looking back, or employing "fixup strategies to fix understanding problems. Students who struggle with learning new information seem to be unaware that they must extent effort beyond simply reading the content to understand and remember it. Children with learning disabilities do not plan and judge the quality of their studying. Their studying may be disorganized. Students with learning problems face challenges with personal organization as well. They often have difficulty keeping track of materials and assignments, following directions, and completing work on time. Unlike good studiers who employ a variety of study skills in a flexible yet purposeful manner, lowachieving students use a restricted range of study skills. They cannot explain why good study strategies are

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important for learning, and they tend to use the same, often ineffective study approach for all learning tasks, ignoring task content, structure or difficulty. 1. In compared with low-achieving students, successful students use ____. A. aimless study techniques B. various study skills C. restricted strategies D. inflexible study ways 2. The underlined pronoun "They" in the last sentence refers to ____. A. study strategies B. study skills C. low-achieving students D. good studiers 3. The word "prior" in the first paragraph is closest meaning to ____. A. important B. earlier C. forward D. good 4. Which of the following could best replace the word "Conversely" in paragraph 2? A. On the contrary B. In contrast C. On the other hand D. all are correct 5. According to the passage, what can be learnt about passive students? A. They depend on other people to organize their learning. B. They are slow in their studying. C. They monitor their understanding. D. They know the purpose of studying. 6. Which of the followings is NOT an evidence of monitoring studying? A. Being aware of the purpose of studying B. Monitoring their understanding of content C. Fixing up mistakes in understanding D. Looking at their backs 7. According to the passage, to learn new information, low-achieving students do NOT ____. A. just understand it B. relate it to what they have known C. simply remember it D. read it 8. What is the topic of the passage? A Successful and low-academic achieving students B. Successful learners and their learning strategies C. Study skills for high school students D. Effective and ineffective ways of learning IV. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8. It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important. Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no bounds. It can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in a kitchen or on a tractor. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a revered grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio, from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education in infancy. Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term. It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life. Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subjects being taught. For example, high Page 359

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school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling. 1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The best school teach a wide variety of subject. B. Education and schooling are quite different experiences. C. Students benefit from schools, which require long hours and homework. D. The more years students go to school, the better their education is. 2. What does the author probably mean by using the expression “children interrupt their education to go to school” in paragraph 1? A. Going to several different schools is educationally beneficial. B. School vacations interrupt the continuity of the school year. C. Summer school makes the school year too long. D. All of people's life is an education. 3. The word "chance" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ____. A. unexpected B. usual C. passive D. lively 4. The word "they" in paragraph 3 refers ____. A. slices of reality B. similar textbooks C. boundaries D. seats 5. The phrase "For example" in paragraph 3, introduces a sentence that gives examples of ____. A. similar textbooks. B. the results of schooling. C. the workings of a government. D. the boundaries of the subjects. 6. The passage support which of the following conclusions? A. Without formal education, people would remain ignorant. B. Education systems need to be radically reformed. C. Going to school is only part of how people become educated. D. Education involves many years of professional training. 7. The passage is organized by ____. A. listing and discussing several educational problems. B. contrasting the meanings of two related words. C. narrating a story about excellent teacher. D. giving examples of different kinds of schools. 8. The writer seem to agree that ____. A. Schooling is more important than education. B. Education is not as important as schooling. C. Schooling is unlimited and more informal. D. Education is more influential than schooling. D. WRITING I. Rewrite these sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same. 1. I don't buy it because I don't have enough money. If I had enough money, I would buy it. 2. I didn't buy it because I didn't have enough money. I would have bought it if I had had enough money. 3. There was a test yesterday. I didn't know that, so I didn't study for it. If I had known there was a test yesterday, I would have studied for it. 4. I'm busy right now, so I can't help you. I could help you if I weren’t busy right now. Page 360

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5. He's very thin, that's why he feels the cold so much. If he weren’t very thin, he wouldn’t feel the cold so much. 6. I didn't eat breakfast several hours ago, so I am hungry now. If I had eaten breakfast several hours ago, I wouldn’t be hungry now. 7. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game. Unless John had played for our football team, we would have lost the game. 8. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I'd give up my job. Unless I won a big prize in a lottery, I wouldn’t give up my job. 9. If you don't like this one, I'll bring you another. Unless you like this one, I will bring you another. 10. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder. Unless you promise to try harder, I won’t help you. 11. If she doesn't work harder, she'll lose her job. She'll lose her job unless she works harder. 12. You can use my car, but have to keep it carefully. Provided you kept my car carefully, you can use it. 13. If the work is finished by lunch, you can go home. Get the work finished by lunch, you can go home. 14. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test. As long as you keep calm, you will pass your driving test. 15. You must work harder or you won't pass the exam. You won't pass the exam unless you work harder. II. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. I spent 2 hours trying to learn how to use the washing machine. It took me 2 hours to try to learn how to use the washing machine. 2. "Come on, give it a try, Hannah!" said her friend. Hannah's friend encouraged her to give it a try. 3. It was completely wrong of you to leave the children near all those wild animals like that. You should not have left the children near all those wild animals like that. 4. Although Nancy was short-sighted, she didn't wear glasses at classes. In spite of her being short- sighted/ her short- sightedness, Nancy didn't wear glasses at classes. 5. The doctor say you'd better cut down on your intake of sugar or you'll end up having diabetes. It is the doctor's recommendation that you cut down on your intake of sugar or you'll end up having diabetes. 6. "Please have mercy on me, take it easy on my heart." said her ex. Her ex begged her to have mercy on him and take it easy on his heart. 7. I do some kinds of menial work for a living. I live on some kinds of menial work.s 8. It is not very likely that they will make it to the end. There is little likelihood that they will make it to the end. III. Rewrite the following sentences so that the second ones have the same meaning as the given sentence. 1. She is excellent at English so she should be able to talk to our foreign partners. (COMMAND) She has a good command of English so should be able to talk to our foreign partners. 2. Because it was raining really heavily, we couldn't set off for our trip to the countryside. (OWING)

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Owing to the really heavy rain, we couldn't set off for our trip to the countryside. 3. We didn't get on well at first. (TERMS) We weren’t on speaking terms at first. 4. I'm sorry now that I didn't give her a big hug when I saw her off at the airport. (REGRET) I regret not giving/ having given her a big hug when I saw her off at the airport. 5. Talking on the phone is quite different from meeting face to face. (LINE) There is a fine line between talking on the phone and meeting face to face. 6. I've only tried this spicy dish once before. (SECOND) This is the second time I’ve (ever) tried this spicy dish. 7. Had I followed his advice, I wouldn't be stuck in this mess now. (ONLY) If only I had followed his advice, I wouldn't be stuck in this mess now. 8. Only after she called out my name did I recognize who she was. (UNTIL) It was not until she called out my name did I recognize who she was. PART 3: TEST YOURSELF I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others. 1. A. genius B. e-learning C. email D. employable 2. A. send B. these C. compete D. complete 3. A. choice B. charge C. chase D. chaos 4. A. down B. throw C. nowadays D. how 5. A. facilitate B. education C. voluntary D. motivated 6. A. legal B. level C. league D. leader 7. A. plants B. fields C. trees D. newspapers II. Choose the words that has the different stress from the others. 1. A. battery B. conference C. oversleep D. barrier 2. A. landline B. touchscreen C. cyber D. replace 3. A. visible B. discussion C. digital D. seperate 4. A. adequate B. ultimate C. convenience D. genius 5. A. flexibility B. voluntarily C. hospitality D. technological 6. A. initiative B. interaction C. self-directed D. overwhelming III. Choose the best one (A, B, C or D) to complete the sentence or replace the underlined word. 1. ____ the afternoon, mum feeds the chickens. A. Over B. On C. In D. For 2. She was ill, ____, she offered to help. A. although B. because C. therefore D. however 3. Viet Nam, ____ is in the south-east Asia, exports rice. A. who B. which C. that D. whose 4. We have English ____ Monday. A. in B. on C. at D. for 5. I first met him a long time ____. A. after B. before C. ago D. already 6. Wisdom is not a product of schooling but of the lifelong ____ to acquire it. A. manage B. hope C. attempt D. try 7. Asking the ____ questions can be more important than having the answers. A. actual B. sure C. true D. right 8. Lifelong learning is really important to ____ the successful life and career you want and deserve. A. invent B. inventing C. create D. creating

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9. ____ anyone call, would you please ask them to call back later? A. If B. Should C. When D. Unless 10. I wish I ____ Bob the money; he spent it all gambling. A. didn't lend B. wouldn't lend C. hadn't lent D. weren't lending 11. Teachers have to be very ____ when working with students who have varying needs. A. flexible B. reliable C. applicable D. capable 12. The plane would have landed easily ____ the thick fog. A. unless B. but for C. because of D. due to 13. Lifelong learners are ____ to learn and develop because they want to: it is a deliberate and voluntary act. A. interested B. motivated C. stimulated D. affected 14. Through reading you will never stop ____ and being amazed by the incredible creativity, and intelligence. A. to understand B. understanding C. to learn D. learning 15. Curiosity and lack of fear of ____ is what distinguishes bright people. A. question B. realism C. comment D. criticism 16. ____ you known he was a liar, would you have agreed to support him? A. If B. Since C. Had D. Did 17. If there ____, the rice fields could have been more productive. A. would be enough water B. had had enough water C. had been enough water D. were enough water 18. Without the traffic jam on the high way this morning, I ____ late for the meeting. A. would be B. would have been C. hadn't been D. wouldn't have been 19. The whole of life is learning, therefore, education can have no ____. A. stops B. lasts C. endings D. finals 20. If I had listened to my parents, I ____ at this job now. A. wouldn't be working B. wouldn't have worked C. don't have to work D. am not working 21. "I have a headache." - "____ you take an aspirin?" A. Why don't B. Why should C. What should D. What must 22. Without ____ it, he hindered us instead of ____ us. A. realize - help B. realizing - helping C. to realize - to help D. realizing - to help 23. Lifelong learning can enhance our understanding of the world around us, provide us with more and better ____ and improve our quality of life. A. events B. occasions C. opportunities D. incidents 24. If you ____ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn't be in this mess right now. A. had listened B. will listen C. listen D. listened 25. Having read the passage three times, ____. A. it was difficulty for me to understand B. I still couldn't understand its main idea C. the main idea of it was not clear to me D. it made me confused about its main idea 26. There was no one else at the post office. I ____ in a queue. A. didn't need to wait B. mustn't wait C. needn't have waited D. needn't wait IV. Give the correct form of the word to complete the following sentences. 1. Read about ____innovations_____ in the world, read about what others are doing. INNOVATE 2. Health experts say that regular stretching improves one's ___flexibility___, and reduces injuries. FLEXIBLE Page 363

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3. Medical students generally have an ____overwhelming___ amount of homework to do. OVERWHELM 4. The new computer-controlled traffic system should facilitate ____movement____ into the suburbs during rush hour. MOVE 5. The ___ultimate____ goal of this course if to make you fluent in English. ULTIMATED 6. Doing volunteer work offers you the _____opportunity____ to get valuable work experience. OPPORTUNATE 7. ___ultimately____ we are responsible for our own learning. ULTIMATE 8. She took advantage of our _____hospitality____ and stayed a whole month without paying us anything. HOSPITAL 9. Adults who are ____motivated_____ enough will overcome the barriers of lifelong learning. MOTIVATIVE 10. The young worker showed a lot of ____initiative____ in making an important decision that was required while his boss was unavailable. INITIATE V. Give the right tense or form of these following verbs. 1. Would your children mind (keep) _____keeping______ quiet for a moment. I'm trying (fill) _____to fill___ in a form. 2. Many people still refuse to believe that smoking is (harm) _____harmful____. 3. I don't like that film. It is very (bore) _____boring______. 4. Picture books are very (help) _____helpful_____ in developing children's habit of reading. 5. His (behave) ______behaviour______ has not improved much. 6. The (pure) _____purity_____ of water will be tested. 7. Sleeping all, eating too much and never going out is (health) ___unhealthy____. 8. To drive fast at an intersection is (danger) ____dangerous____. 9. Magnets will (attractive) _____attract______ most metals. 10. She is a (collect) _____collector______ of theater programmers. VI. Choose the underlined words which need correcting then correct the mistake. 1. She asked me if I live in Hanoi. A B C D 2. If you work hard, you would get good marks. A B C D 3. A meeting will held next week by the committee. A B C D 4. Mrs. Lien, whom sings very well, is my teacher of English. A B C D 5. The boys are playing soccer over there are from class 9A. A B C D 6. I really wish we can make a trip around the world. A B C D 7. Don't ask me. If I knew the answer, I will tell you right now. A B C D 8. If today was Sunday, we could spend a day out in the country. A B C D 9. Listen to the weather forecast. It says that it would rain tonight. A B C D 10. The man whom was televised last night is the principle of our school. A B C D Page 364

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VII. Fill in the blank with a suitable word in the box. Education plays a vital (1) ____ in the development of humanity and society. It directly influences a nation's prosperity, awareness of the world, and ability to change. (2) ____ the tradition of academic excellence in Vietnam and respecting the national education and progressive ideas of the ancestors, President Ho Chi Minh said: "For the sake of ten years, plant trees, for the sake of 100 years, cultivate people". President Ho Chi Minh's education philosophy (3) ____ his own (4) ____ concepts. He said, "Learning is a lifelong ambition. No one can claim to know enough or know all". President Ho Chi Minh was an example of the spirit of lifelong learning: "I am now 71 years old, but I still keep learning every day". UNESCO (5) ____ a new slogan of "lifelong learning" in 1996. However, President Ho Chi Minh introduced this idea of "lifelong learning" 35 years earlier. The purpose of this comparison highlights the fact that many aspects of Ho Chi Minh's educational philosophy have (6) ____ unchanged because they are so visionary. In 1996, UNESCO proposed four pillars of education for the twenty-first century, which are: "learn to have knowledge, learn to work, learn to live together, and learn to (7) ____ personality". These four pillars can be (8) ____ as the truth and philosophy of education around the world in the modern era. In fact, these principles were also proposed by President Ho Chi Minh in September of 1949, on the front page of The Yellow Book, when he (9) ____ Nguyen Ai Quoc National School: "Learn to work, learn to humans, and to be cadres. Learn to serve the masses and all classes of people, for the fatherland and mankind." Such a statement reveals the incredible insight of Ho Chi Minh's philosophy and its (10) ____ in the face of global change and national renewal. 1. A. learner B. keeper C. user D. role 2. A. Acknowledging B. Taking C. Processing D. Reciting 3. A. found B. realized C. offered D. made 4. A. live B. lively C. livable D. visionary 5. A. recognized B. proposed C. remembered D. foretold 6. A. determined B. provided C. remained D. pulled 7. A. shape B. promote C. encourage D. teach 8. A. voluntary B. improved C. directed D. seen 9. A. approved B. visited C. believed D. taken 10. A. access B. availability C. persistence D. responsibility VIII. Choose the best answer to complete the text. heightens reminded motivated alive preparation seeker absorbing drive accepted cradle Becoming a (1) ____ seeker ___ of lifelong learning is critical in today's fast-changing world. Learning is not only a matter of (2) _____ absorbing _____ information but a process of developing many other internal skills, like curiosity, perseverance, and the ability to tackle tough challenges. Thanks to research in neuroscience and human development, scientists can now explain how learning happens from (3) ____ cradle ______ to grave. It turns out that lifelong learning is a natural part of being (4) ____ alive ____. When we think of scholars like Socrates, Einstein, or Aristotle, we are (5) ____ reminded ______ of great learners and their eternal quest for knowledge. But how do we develop the quest for lifelong learning in children and teens - the internal (6) _____ drive ______ that propels them to embrace the practice of learning throughout a lifetime? As children develop toward adolescence, changes occur in the brain that (7) _____ heightens ______ Page 365

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their abilities to learn. Teens become capable of thinking more critically, solving more complex problems, and weighing difficult decisions. But in order to utilize these new abilities for lifelong learning teens must be internally (8) _____ motivated _____. They must learn because it feels good, not just because they want to get (9) _____ accepted ____ at a good college. The (10) ____ preparation _____ for lifelong learning starts at a young age. IX. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8. If parents bring up a child with the sole aim of turning the child into a genius, they will cause a disaster. According to several leading educational psychologists, this is one of the biggest mistakes which ambitious parents make. Generally, the child will be only too aware of what his parents expect, and will fail. Unrealistic parental expectations can cause great damage to children. However, if parents are not too unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are ambitious in a sensible way, the child may succeed in doing very well - especially if the parents are very supportive of their child. Michael Collins is very lucky. He is crazy about music, and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and arranging private piano and violin lessons for him. They even drive him 50 kilometers twice a week for violin lessons. Michael's mother knows very little about music, but his father plays the trumpet in a large orchestra. However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he is unwilling. Winston Smith, Michael's friend, however, is not so lucky. Both his parents are successful musicians, and they set too high a standard for Winston. They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held. They are very unhappy when he does not win. Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he always seems quiet and unhappy. 1. One of the serious mistakes parents can make is to ____. A. push their child into trying too much. B. help their child to become a genius. C. make their child become a musician. D. neglect their child's education. 2. Who have criticized the methods of some ambitious parents? A. Successful musicians. B. Unrealistic parents. C. Their children. D. Educational psychologists. 3 Michael Collins is fortunate in that ____. A. his father is a musician. B. his parents are quite rich. C. his parents help him in a sensible way. D. his mother knows little about music. 4 The phrase "crazy about" in the paragraph 3 mostly means ____. A. surprised at B. extremely interested in C. completely unaware of D. confused about 5. Winston's parents push their son so much and he A. has won a lot of piano competitions. B. cannot learn much music from them. C. has become a good musician. D. is afraid to disappoint them. 6. The word "They" in the paragraph 3 refers to ____. A. Michael's parents B. violin lessons C. parents in general D. concerts 7. All of the following people are musical EXCEPT ____. A. Winston's father B. Winston's mother C. Michael's father D. Michael's mother 8. The two examples given in the passage illustrate the principle that A. successful parents always have intelligent children. B. successful parents often have unsuccessful children. C. parents should let the child develop in the way he wants. D. parents should spend more money on the child's education. Page 366

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X. Read the following passage and choose among A, B, C or D the correct answer to each of the questions. In my experience, freshmen today are different from those I knew when I started as a counselor and professor 25 years ago. College has always been demanding both academically and socially. But students now are less mature and often not ready for the responsibility of being in college. It is really too easy to point the finger at parents who protect their children from life's obstacle. Parents, who handle every difficulty and every other responsibility for their children writing admission essays to picking college courses, certainly may contribute to their children's lack of coping strategies. But we can look even more broadly to the social trends of today. How many people do you know who are on medication to prevent anxiety or depression? The number of students who arrive at college already medicated for unwanted emotions has increased dramatically in the past 10 years. We, as a society, don't want to "feel" anything unpleasant and we certainly don't want our children to "suffer". The resulting problem is that by not experiencing negative emotions, one does not learn the necessary skills to tolerate and negotiate adversity. As a psychologist, I am well aware of the fact that some individuals suffer from depression and anxiety and can benefit from treatment, but I question the growing number of medicated adolescents today. Our world is more stressful in general because of the current economic and political realities, but I don't believe that the college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years. What I do think is that many students are often not prepared to be young "adults" with all the responsibilities of life. What does this mean for college faculty and staff? We are required to assist in the basic parenting of these students - the student who complains that the professor didn't remind her of the due date for an assignment that was clearly listed on the syllabus and the student who cheats on an assignment in spite of careful instructions about plagiarism. As college professors, we have to explain what it means to be an independent college student before we can even begin to teach. As parents and teachers we should expect young people to meet challenges. To encourage them in this direction, we have to step back and let them fail and pick themselves up and move forward. This approach needs to begin at an early age so that college can actually be a passage to independent adulthood. 1. According to the writer, students today are different from those she knew in that they are ____. A. too ready for college B. not as mature C. not so academic D. responsible for their work 2. The word "handle" in parapgraph 2 mostly means ____. A. deal with B. gain benefits from C. lend a hand to D. point at 3. According to the writer, students' difficulties to cope with college life are partly due to ____. A. the absence of parents' protection B. the lack of parental support C. the over-parenting from parents D. the lack of financial support 4. The phrase "on medication" in paragraph 3 is similar in meaning to ____. A. studying medicine at college B. doing medical research C. receiving medical treatment D. suffering anxiety from depression 5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. College faculty and staff are required to help in the parenting of problematic students. B. The college experience itself is more intense today than that of the past 10 years. C. Our world is more stressful because of the current economic and political situation. D. Our society certainly doesn't want our children to experience unpleasant things.

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6. Students who are not well-prepared to be young "adults" with all the responsibilities of life will need ____. A. to be assigned more housework from adults B. to be given more social responsibilities C. to be encouraged to meet challenges D. daily coaching from their teachers 7. According to the writer, failure in life and less support from parents will ____. A. help students to learn to stand on their own feet B. allow students to learn the first lesson in their lives C. defeat students from the very beginning D. discourage students and let them down forever 8. What is probably the writer's attitude in the passage? A. Praising B. Indifferent C. Humorous D. CriticalT TEST 3 Part I. PHONETICS

three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.

Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other B. mandatory

C. explode

D. persuade

2. A. investigate

B. neglect

C. gaol

D. progress

3. A. chooses

B. clothes

C. encourages

D. boxes

4. A. design

B. persuade

C. pursue

D. increase

5. A. motivation

B. initiative

C. optional

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1. A. graduate

D. restricted

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the primary stress in each of the following questions. B. ultimate

C. graduate

D. personal

7. A. compulsory

B. voluntary

C. initiative

D. investigate

8. A. optional

B. primary

C. selective

D. national

9. A. unchangeable

B. adjustable

C. emotional

D. privilege

10. A. reluctant

B. different

C. flexible

D. willingly

Part II. VOCABULARY

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6. A. authentic

Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined

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word(s) in each of the following questions. 11. Secondary education is now compulsory nationwide. A. optional

B. selective

C. primary

D. mandatory

12. All students are required to attend the course in order to be eligible for a certificate.

A. see

B. watch

C. join

D. study

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13. The lecture is followed by a 15-minute discussion session. A. length of journey

B. period of time

C. section

D. set

14. It is important for high school students to acquire necessary living skills to live independently. Page 368

A. gain

B. possess

C. improve

D. practise

A. sense

B. emotion

C. feeling

D. inspiration

C. methods

D. rituals

A. steps

B. means

FI CI A

16. Different learners have different learning styles. 17. Online courses allow learners to study at flexible time. A. fixed

B. adjustable

C. rigid

D. unchangeable

18. No one asked him to donate his money. He did it voluntarily. A. willingly

B. unwillingly

C. reluctantly

D. suspiciously

B. surprise

C. persuade

D. continue

19. More and more school leavers want to pursue higher education. A. prepare

15. Students' motivation for language learning really varies.

20. In fact, learning is not confined to the classroom environment and school subjects. A. defined

B. unlimited

C. restricted

D. designed

A. interruption

B. communication

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21. Children learn a great deal in their daily interaction with other peers at school. C. action

D. projection

22. Lifelong learners are people who have a strong desire to learn and explore the world. B. invest

C . explode

A. investigate

D. express

23. Nowadays, lifelong learning is facilitated by e-learning platforms. A. insisted

B. assisted

C. assessed

D. accessed

24. Online courses have enabled many people to realize their learning objectives. B. discouraged

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A. motivated

C. allowed

D. stopped

25. There are different courses available for students to select. A. consider

B. neglect

C. collect

D. choose

26. The ultimate aim of lifelong learning is to better yourself for personal or professional development. A. utmost

B. secondary

C. trivial

D. minimal

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A. artificial

27. She has always showed her genuine interest in lifelong learning. B. fake

C. genius

D. authentic

28. Greater efforts are needed to reach the goal of universal education. A. achieve

B. archive

C. receive

D. risk

29. Having adequate funding is crucial throughout the learning process. A. abundant

B. enough

A. attention

B. help

C. insufficient

D. unsatisfactory

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30. Our first priority is to offer free education to all people. C. concern

D. aid

31. It is equal-chance for everyone. No one should be given privilege. Page 369

A. time

B. money

C. disadvantage

D. advantage

32. I don't think office work is suitable for me. I'd like to work in a more challenging environment. A. rewarding

B. enjoying

C. relaxing

D. demanding

B. reserving

C. managing

D. changing

C. saver

D. protector

34. I am lucky to have a very supportive supervisor. A. survivor

B. manager

35. Upon the project completion, I was transferred to the sales department. A. moved

B. dismissed

C. retrained

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A. assessing

33. She is very good at handling both her work and family life.

D. translated

36. If you have the right qualifications and are good at English, you are very likely to get promoted. B. enlightened

C. encouraged

37. What is your barrier to lifelong learning? A. bar

B. obstacle

C. badge

A. elevated

D. endorsed

D. motivation

A. preserved

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38. A number of people are prevented from lifelong learning due to various reasons. B. invented

C. hindered

D. encouraged

39. His life is a rich source of inspiration for many writers and poets. B. hindrance

C. discouragement

A. nuance

D. encouragement

40. Lifelong learning can also help amend some of the weaknesses of the education system. A. correct

B. change

C. develop

D. intensify

41. A good lifelong learner can advance both at work and in life. B. progress

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A. process

C. precede

D. recede

42. We all welcome the government's initiative to boost lifelong learning. A. intention

B. initial

C. new plan

D. prospect

Exercise 4. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.

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A. finish doing

43. The teacher asked us to get on with the next exercise and he would be back in a while. B. start doing

C. continue doing

D . stop doing

44. Those students who fail the National High School exams may want to retake them the following year. A. pass

B. fall

C. sit

D. take

45. Thanks to lifelong learning, people's level of awareness has improved significantly. A. has increased

B. has declined

A. delayed

B. deferred

C. has gone up

D. has bettered

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46. The teacher is going to a conference next week, so our presentation will be put off. C. carried out

D. cancelled

47. A new school has just been set up for the kids in the area. Page 370

A. started

B. established

C. built

D. demolished

48. Unnecessary components should be removed from the current program to reduce the workload for A. added

B. taken away

C. taken off

D. abolished

A. called off

B. continued

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49. The school picnic has been cancelled because of bad weather.

school students.

C. destroyed

D. broken off

50. If children are inactive most of the time, it is very easy for them to gain weight. A. put up

B. loose

C. lose

D. put on

Part III. GRAMMAR

Exercise 5. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of

the following questions.

51. If I hadn't miss the bus, I would have come at least 20 minutes earlier. A

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52. If you had phoned me before I left home, I would brought you the textbook. D

53. If we had register earlier, we would have been selected for the job offers. B

54. If you hadn't made that mistake, you will have passed your test. A

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55. If I had my mobile yesterday, I could have contacted and informed you about the last-minute cancellation of A

the seminar.

56. If you had studied hard, you wouldn't failed the exam. B

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57. If I hadn't been too late for the exam, I might be allowed to enter the examination room. A

58. I would have enroll on an online course if I had had enough money. A

59. We might have gone to the Science Fair if we knew about it happened.

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60. If we had drop school so early, we wouldn't have had enough knowledge of the school subjects. A

D Page 371

61. If you had come to class last week, you might have join in the discussion on air pollution. A

FI CI A

63. I don't know your phone number. If I had known it, I would have called you last night.

62. If I had listened to my parents, I wouldn't have been in so much trouble now.

64. If I have studied English earlier, I could have read this book several years ago. A

65. If a meteor hadn't struck the Earth, the dinosaurs didn't become extinct. A

66. If they had win the lottery last summer, they would have bought a new car.

Exercise 6. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. A. don't feel

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67. If I hadn't stayed up so late last night, I ____ so tired this morning. B. felt

C. didn't feel

D. wouldn't have felt

68. ____ in terrible trouble right now if you hadn't helped me. B. will be

C. would be

A. am

D. would have been

69. If I had a computer, I ____ the assignment last night. A. finished

B. have finished

C. would have finished

D. had finished

70. If you ____ harder, you'd have passed the exam. B. have studied

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A. had studied

C. studied

D. study

71. If you had lots of money, what ____? A. do you do

B. will you do

C. would you do

D. have you done

72. I'd ____ out with you if I wasn't so tired. A. go

B. went

C. had gone

D. will go

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A. work

73. I'm sure your parents would have been happier if you ____ harder before that important exam. B. worked

C. have worked

D. had worked

74. Tom ____ so careless if he'd known what would happen. A. would have been

B. wouldn't have been

C. would be

D. wouldn't be

C. had arrived

D. would arrive

75. If she ____ on time, I would have been surprised. A. arrived

B. have arrived

A. have missed

B. had missed

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76. We wouldn't ____ the bus if we'd left home earlier. C. will miss

D. would miss

77. If John had studied more, he ____ better marks. Page 372

A. gets

B. will get

C. would get

D. would have got

78. If he had tried harder, he might ____. A. succeed

B. have succeeded

C. be success

D. will succeed

B. won't

C. wouldn't be

D. wouldn't have been

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A. aren't

79. If you had saved some money, you ____ so hard up now. 80. Why didn't you tell me? If you ____ me, I would have helped. A. tell

B. told

C. have told

D. had told

81. If he ____ the money, he wouldn't be in prison now. A. hadn't stolen

B. didn't steal

C. had stolen

D. stole

82. If Tim ____ so fast, his car wouldn't have crashed into a tree. B. hadn't driven

C. haven't driven

83. What a bad luck! If Nam ____ over, he would have won the race. A. doesn't fall

B. didn't fall

C. hasn't fallen

D. drives

A. didn't drive

D. hadn't fallen

A. invited

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84. If you ____ me last week, I would have been able to come. B. had invited

C. would invite

D. would have invited

85. I'm sure your letter hasn't arrived yet. If it had come, I'm sure I ____ it. B. noticed

C. would have noticed

A. will notice

D. would notice

86. Why didn't you phone? If I had known you were coming, I ____ you at the airport. A. would have met

B. would meet

C. met

D. had met

87. It's a pity you missed the party. If you ____, you would have met my teacher from Australia. B. have come

QU Y

A. came

C. come

D. had come

C. had studied

D. would have studied

88. I wouldn't have resat the exam if I ____ harder. A. study

B. studied

89. If Jane ____, I wouldn't have been able to move the table. A. didn't help

B. hadn't helped

C. hasn't helped

D. wouldn't help

B. hadn't told

C. told

D. didn't tell

KÈ

A. had told

90. Unless you ____ me about Sue's hair, I wouldn't have noticed. Part IV. SPEAKING

Exercise 7. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges. Two friends Nam and Lan are talking about the topic of lifelong learning.

91. Nam: Would you like to register for an online course on extensive reading?

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Lan: ____

A. Online courses are really popular these days. B. Yes, I'd love to. How can I register? Page 373

C. We should improve our extensive reading. D. Extensive reading courses are available online. 92. Lan: What do you think about lifelong learning?

Nam: ____

FI CI A

A. I am thinking about lifelong learning. B. Do you like lifelong learning? C. Lifelong learning helps us to improve our job prospects. D. What is the definition of lifelong learning, do you think? 93. Nam: May I borrow your books on soft skills? Lan: ____

B. Soft skills are important these days.

C. What do soft skills mean?

D. Who needs books on soft skills?

A. Sure. When do you need them? 94. Lan: When will our course on time management start?

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Nam: ____ A. What is time management?

B. Are you good at time management?

C. Time management is important.

D. I'm not sure. Perhaps next month.

Lan: ____

95. Nam: I'd like to hear your ideas on how to maintain lifelong learning. A. I'd say it really depends on people's attitudes.

B. You're always asking me for advice.

C. I like your ideas so much.

D. I am not interested in lifelong learning.

QU Y

96. Nam: I'm planning to enroll a cake baking course. Lan: ____

A. Cake baking is really fun.

B. Baking courses are available everywhere.

C. Who wants to bake cakes?

D. That's a good idea. I hope you'll enjoy it.

97. Nam: Do you want me to help with your homework?

Lan: ____

KÈ

A. Homework? I don't like homework. C. Why do we need homework?

B. Thank you. It's very kind of you! D. If you like, you can do it every day.

98. Nam: If you like, I will find a piano class for you. Lan: ____

B. Every child wants to play the piano.

C. Thanks, but that won't be necessary.

D. Who can play the piano in our class?

DẠ

A. I can play the piano very well.

99. Nam: Would you mind if sometimes I borrowed your notebook? I was absent last time. Lan: ____ Page 374

A. No, of course not.

B. Yes, of course I would.

C. I mind a lot.

D. I like

discussions. 100. Nam: Could you find all the information related to the course we registered? A. All the courses are related to lifelong learning. B. Are they available? C. What do they look like? D. I think that'll be very difficult, but I'll try. 101. Nam: Will you continue your further education after leaving school? Lan: ____

A. Further education is not for everyone.

FI CI A

Lan: ____

B. Leaving school is an important milestone. C. I haven't decided yet.

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D. Are you interested in my academic results at school?

102. Nam: Do you think students get too much homework these days? Lan: ____ C. Students always get homework.

B. It depends on each school policy.

A. Homework helps students study better.

D. Homework can never be done in class.

103. Lan: Should students be allowed to leave school when they are 14? Nam: ____

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A. I don't think so. I think it is very important to have a good education. B. Who wants to leave school at the age of 14? C. It is a hard decision.

D. Students can't have their own choice at the age of 14. Lan: ____

104. Nam: Do you think the school holidays should be longer?

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A. School holidays are getting longer. B. The longest school holiday is summer holiday. C. Students really enjoy their summer holiday. D. Sure. Every student would love that.

105. Lan: Do you think your schooldays are the happiest days of your life?

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Nam: ____

A. I believe schooldays last forever. B. Were you happy during your schooldays? Page 375

C. I think so. We are worry-free and full of ambitions in the schooldays. D. We didn't have schooldays when we were at school. Part V. READING

Exercise 8. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or

FI CI A

phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.

LEARNING HOW TO LEARN AND THINK

What is the point of the education system? Although this question may seem ridiculous at first (106) ____, it is actually not stupid as it sounds. The reason it is (107) ____ trying to answer is that schools and university clearly (108) ____ academic achievement, passing exams and gaining (109) ____ do they neglect to teach (111) ____ skills at school?

much more than acquiring skills such as (110) ____ children or car maintenance. But why is it? Why One answer may be that schools don't (112) ____ to help us gain useful knowledge about the world. At school, what we are (113) ____ learning is how to learn effectively. The idea is that we can then

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(114) ____ use of that ability later on in life when we come to deal (115) ____ more practical aspects of day-to-day living.

However, some people argue that the (116) ____ system is in fact a failure because it doesn't actually

teach children how to become good thinkers. Learning how to learn is one thing. Learning how to learn is one thing. Learning how to think is (117) ____ another. B. sight

C. look

D. eye

107. A. cost

B. value

C. worth

D. price

108. A. strain

B. stress

C. emphasis

D. emphasise

109. A. qualifications

B. skills

C. qualities

D. personalities

110. A. increasing

B. rising

C. growing

D. raising

111. A. practice

B. practical

C. impractical

D. imperfect

112. A. prospect

B. exit

C. exist

D. insist

113. A. actually

B. factually

C. gradually

D. virtually

B. do

C. take

D. make

B. with

C. on

D. to

116. A. corruptive

B. concurrent

C. current

D. currency

117. A. quite

B. quit

C. quiet

D. quietly

115. A. at

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114. A. work

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106. A. glance

Exercise 9. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to

DẠ

each of the questions. During my last couple of years as a student here at Union High, I have noticed that there is nothing

to do during our occasional free periods. Hanging around in the hallways or in the library with Page 376

friends isn't productive or relaxing. The student body council noticed this as well and brought it to the attention of Mr. Swanson and the rest of the faculty. A meeting to discuss the issue occurred last Friday, February 10th, in the all - school meeting room.

The faculty not only agreed that there wasn't much to do during these free periods, but also seemed

FI CI A

determined to find a solution. The student body council and the faculty talked about different ideas for a long time. The faculty had noticed that some students don't like using their free periods for

studying. Instead, they spend their time disrupting the students who want to study by being noisy in the library. By the end of the meeting, the faculty had decided to put a pool table and a ping pong table in our student lobby at the start of next semester.

I know some people will be concerned about getting their work done with these potential

distractions, but I believe this will help us all in enjoying our time at school. I agree that it's

important to complete our work but it is just as important to enjoy ourselves and to relax with our friends. School is already such a stressful place. It makes many students feel worried and anxious.

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We want our school to be a friendly place so that students want to come every day. Students should remember that this change will make the library a lot quieter. Because of this, the students who want to study will be able to do so in peace.

To all the students at Union High, I sincerely hope that you enjoy the new additions to our lobby. Hopefully, they will make our free periods a lot more relaxing. If you happen to have one of the same free periods as I do, then please challenge me to a game of pool! 118. What is the text mostly about?

QU Y

A. Another choice for free periods at Union High B. A chance to study in peace at Union High library C. How students at Union High spend their free periods D. A meeting at Union High about its new facilities 119. What is the meeting on February 10th about?

A. Students hanging around freely during free periods.

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B. Ineffective time at the Union High library. C. Finding a solution to spending free periods effectively. D. Maintaining disciplines at Union High school. Bolo 120. In paragraph 2, the word they refers to ____.

A. faculty members

B. some students

C. students' parents

D. council

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members

121. In paragraph 2, the word disrupting is closest in meaning to ____. A. fighting

B. insulting

C. corrupting

D. interrupting Page 377

122. According to the author, new facilities ____. A. make the school a stressful place

B. make students worried

C. bring anxiety to students' parents

D. make students relaxed during free periods

B. our friends

C. new additions

D. all the students

FI CI A

A. free periods

123. In paragraph 4, the word they refers to ____.

Exercise 10. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Twenty-five students from Walling School are currently living in France. They are there for three months as part of a living-abroad project. The 16- and 17-year-old students are living with French families and attending a French school. Most of the students have taken French language classes for

3 or 4 years and are finally getting an opportunity to use their French.

Not only are students learning a new language, but they are learning about a new culture, too. Students have been particularly surprised about the French attitude towards food. "They won't leave

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anything on their plate," says Vanessa Athol. “They aren't wasteful at all.” Vanessa has vowed to be more careful with waste when returning to the United States.

The group's chaperone, Mrs. Smith, has been pleased with the students' acquisition of language.

"Even the most timid are trying their best to speak. The students are learning a lot. I'm very impressed," she said. Mrs. Smith added that she thinks living with a French family makes a difference because students are forced to speak French. “We are all very grateful to the French families who are hosting us.”

QU Y

The French families are happy to have the students, as they are getting to learn about American culture. Both groups will be celebrating the exchange at a large potluck dinner at the end of the stay. There will be a slide show of memories and the students will speak about their experiences. Currently, the American students are periodically posting pictures and student essays on the Walling School website. "Living in France is an experience I'll never forget," writes student Tina Davis. "I

know I'll want to eat these croissants and this Camembert for the rest of my life!"

KÈ

124. Which title would be the most suitable for this article? A. French Families Love America B. Student Tina Davis Lives in France C. Walling School Website Posts Student Essays

D. Walling School Students Stay Abroad in France

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125. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Students from Walling School are now staying in the USA. B. These students are immigrants from the USA. Page 378

C. Walling School students are now staying with French families. D. Walling School students are applying for jobs in France. 126. What can be implied about the culture in France? B. It requires fluency in French.

C. It can be learned from a book.

D. It's different from the culture in America.

A. promised

B. saved

C. received

D. changed

128. In paragraph 3, the word acquisition is closest in meaning to ____. A. speaking

B. gaining

FI CI A

127. In paragraph 2, the word vowed is closest in meaning to ____.

A. It scares the students.

C. purchase

D. responsibility

A. It is more beautiful than Spanish. B. It is very important for international communication. C. It's best to learn it from a French family in France.

129. Based on the passage, what does Mrs. Smith probably think about the French language?

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D. It is something each and every student needs to know.

130. According to the passage, how will the students conclude their stay? C. They will visit Paris together. Part VI. WRITING

B. They will have a party together.

D. They will stay in hostel together.

A. They will take a French exam.

Exercise 11. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions.

QU Y

131. I didn't have an umbrella with me, so I got wet. A. Since I got wet, I didn't have an umbrella with me. B. My umbrella helped me to get wet.

C. I got wet because I didn't have an umbrella with me. D. I got wet, so I didn't have an umbrella.

132. Unless you leave me alone, I'll call the police.

KÈ

A. I'll call the police because you leave me alone. C. If you leave me alone, I'll call the police.

B. I'll call the police if you don't leave me alone. D. You leave me alone, so I'll call the police.

133. If it snows, we don't go to school. B. We go to school despite snowy weather.

C. We only go to school when it snows.

D. Snowy doesn't stop us from going to school.

A. In snowy weather we don't go to school.

DẠ

134. If you hadn't told me about the changes in the timetable, I wouldn't have noticed. A. You hadn't told me about the changes in the time table, so I didn't notice. B. Unless you had told me about the changes in the timetable, I wouldn't have noticed. Page 379

C. If you had told me about the changes in the timetable, I would have noticed. D. Unless you tell me about the changes in the timetable, I won't notice.

B. If you ask me to do the assignment for you, I will accept. C. If you ask me to do the assignment for you, I won't accept. D. Unless you ask me to do the assignment for you, I won't accept.

FI CI A

A. If you were to ask me to do the assignment for you, I wouldn't accept.

135. I wouldn't accept if you asked me to do the assignment for you.

136. If I had known the reason why she was absent from class, I would have told you. A. I knew the reason why she was absent from class, but I didn't tell you.

B. Unless I knew the reason why she was absent from class, I wouldn't tell you.

C. I didn't know the reason why she was absent from class, so I didn't tell.

D. Although I knew the reason why she was absent from class, I didn't tell you. 137. If my company hadn't employed me, I couldn't have got such valuable real-world experience from my

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professional colleagues.

A. Unless my company had employed me, I could have got professional real-world experience from my professional colleagues. professional colleagues.

B. Even my company had employed me, I couldn't have got valuable real-world experience from my C. I couldn't have got valuable real-world experience from my professional colleagues because my company hadn't employed me.

QU Y

D. Because my company had employed me, I could have got valuable real-world experience from my professional colleagues.

138. Lisa couldn't continue her university course now if she hadn't received financial support from her uncle last year. course.

A. Lisa hadn't received financial support from her uncle, so she couldn’t continue her university

now.

KÈ

B. Lisa received financial support from her uncle last year, so she can continue her university course C. If Lisa had received financial support from her uncle last year, she could continue her university course now.

D. Even Lisa hadn't received financial support from her uncle, she could continue her university

DẠ

course.

139. If my dad hadn't kept educating himself continuously, he wouldn't be a really successful man now. A. My dad has kept educating himself continuously, so he is a really successful man now. Page 380

B. My dad hasn't kept educating himself continuously, so he isn't really successful. C. My dad is a really successful man now, but he hasn't kept educating himself continuously. D. Although my dad hasn't kept educating himself continuously, he is a really successful man now.

Exercise 12. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of

FI CI A

sentences in the following questions.

140. Mary did not put any effort into learning English. She cannot speak with foreign partners in this project now.

A. Even Mary put great effort into learning English, she cannot speak with the foreign partners in this project now.

B. Mary did not put any effort into learning English, but she can speak with the foreign partners in

this project now.

C. Although Mary did not put any effort into learning English, she couldn't speak with the foreign partners in this project.

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D. If Mary had put her effort into learning English, she could speak with the foreign partners in this project now.

141. My younger sister was so excited to learn new things after work. She is in a cake baking class now.

A. My younger sister wasn't so excited to learn new things after work, so she was in a cake baking class now.

B. If my younger sister hadn't been so excited to learn new things after work, she would not be in a cake baking class now.

QU Y

C. My younger sister wasn't so excited to learn new things after work, so she wasn't in a cake baking class now.

D. My sister wasn't in a cake baking class now because she wasn't excited to learn new things after work.

142. My dad had a wide range of practical life skills. He could solve most problems by himself.

KÈ

by himself.

A. If my dad hadn't had a wide range of practical life skills, he couldn't have solved most problems B. Because my dad hadn't had a wide range of practical life skills, he couldn't have solved most problems by himself.

C. Since my dad didn't have a wide range of practical life skills, he couldn't solve most problems by

himself.

DẠ

D. If my dad had a wide range of practical life skills, he couldn't solve most problems by himself.

143. The subjects at high school were not really relevant to the real world. I cannot apply that knowledge in my job now. Page 381

A. If the subjects at high school are more relevant to the real world, I can apply that knowledge in my job now. B. If the subjects at high school were more relevant to the real world, I could apply that knowledge

in my job now.

FI CI A

C. The subjects at high school were relevant to the real world, so I can apply that knowledge in my job now.

D. If the subjects at high school had been more relevant to the real world, I could apply that knowledge in my job now.

144. My sister didn't have enough money for learning after college. She can't get a Bachelor of Science degree now.

A. If my sister had enough money for learning after college, she could get a Bachelor of Science degree now.

B. If my sister had had enough money for learning after college, she could get a Bachelor of Science

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degree now.

C. If my sister has enough money for learning after college, she can get a Bachelor of Science degree now.

D. Although my sister didn't have enough money for learning after college, she could get a Bachelor of Science degree.

145. My elder brother was interested in improving his management skills. He becomes so successful now. successful now.

QU Y

A. If my elder brother wasn't interested in improving his management skills, he could not become so B. If my elder brother isn't interested in improving his management skills, he cannot become so successful now.

C. If my elder brother hadn't been interested in improving his management skills, he could not

become so successful now.

KÈ

D. Even though my elder brother wasn't interested in improving his management skills, he has

DẠ

become so successful now.

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KÈ QU Y ƠN

FI CI A

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DẠ M

KÈ QU Y ƠN

FI CI A

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DẠ M

KÈ QU Y ƠN

FI CI A