TRỌNG TÂM KIẾN THỨC ÔN THI THPTQG 2021 MÔN TIẾNG ANH - TRANG ANH (BẢN HỌC SINH) by Dạy Kèm Quy Nhơn Official

TRỌNG TÂM KIẾN THỨC ÔN THI TIẾNG ANH

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TRỌNG TÂM ÔN THI TỐT NGHIỆP THPT 2021

PHÁT ÂM Cách làm bài tập chọn từ có phần gạch chân được phát âm khác so với các từ còn lại - Chọn đọc 3/4 từ có trong các đáp án A, B, C, D. Tuy nhiên, không cần đọc lần lượt từ đáp án A đến D mà nên chọn đọc những từ mình chắc nhất về cách phát âm. - Sau mỗi từ được phát âm, cẩn thận ghi xuống âm của phần gạch chân trong mỗi từ. - Chọn đáp án có phần gạch được phát âm khác so với các từ còn lại. Ví dụ 1: A. land /lænd/

B. sandy /’sændi/

C. many /’meni/

D. candy /’kændi/

=> Ta thấy phần gạch chân của các đáp án A, B, D được phát âm là /æ/, đáp án C có phần gạch chân được phát âm là /e/. Do đó, đáp án là C. * Cách phát âm của đuôi -s “-s” được phát âm là: + /s/: khi âm tận cùng trước -s là /p/, k/, /f/, /θ/, /t/. + /ɪz/: khi trước -s là: ch, sh, ss, x, ge, ce, se. + /z/: khi âm tận cùng trước -s là nguyên âm và các phụ âm còn lại. Ví dụ 2: A. listens /'lɪsnz/

B. reviews /rɪ'vju:z/

C. protects /prə'tekts/

D. enjoys /ɪn'dʒɔɪz/

=> Phần được gạch chân ở câu C được phát âm là /s/, còn lại được phát âm là /z/. Do đó, đáp án là C. * Cách phát âm của đuôi -ed “- ed” được phát âm là: + /t/: khi âm tận cùng trước -ed là /s/, /tʃ/, /ʃ/, /k/, /p/, /f/. + /id/: khi trước -ed là /t/ và /d/. + /d/: khi âm tận cùng trước -ed là nguyên âm và các phụ âm còn lại. Ví dụ 3: A. toured /tʊrd/

B. jumped /dʒʌmpt/

C. solved /sɒlvd/

D. rained /reɪnd/

=> Câu B “-ed” được phát âm là /t/, các đáp án còn lại “-ed” được phát âm là /d/. Do đó, đáp án là B. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 1 Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. Question 1: A. final

B. writer

C. ivory

D. widow

Question 2: A. passed

B. managed

C. cleared

D. threatened 2

Question 3: A. ejects

B. defends

C. advocates

D. breaths

Question 4: A. produced

B. believed

C. stopped

D. laughed

Question 5: A. alien

B. alloy

C. alley

D. anthem

Question 6: A. affected

B. looked

C. decreased

D. washed

Question 7: A. missed

B. worked

C. realized

D. watched

Question 8: A. need

B. speech

C. see

D. career

Question 9: A. loved

B. appeared

C. agreed

D. coughed

Question 10: A. pagoda

B. integral

C. against

D. aquatic

Question 11: A. imagines

B. bikes

C. cultures

D. involves

Question 12: A. office

B. practice

C. service

D. device

Question 13: A. finished

B. cooked

C. attended

D. laughed

Question 14: A. number

B. future

C. furious

D. amuse

Question 15: A. concerned

B. candied

C. travelled

D. dried

Question 16: A. speaks

B. speeds

C. graphs

D. beliefs

Question 17: A. dune

B. hummock

C. shrub

D. buffalo

Question 18: A. increased

B. pleased

C. replaced

D. fixed

Question 19: A. looks

B. knows

C. helps

D. sits

Question 20: A. linked

B. declared

C. finished

D. developed

Question 21: A. heat

B. beat

C. meant

D. easy

Question 22: A. sports

B. thanks

C. games

D. enthusiasts

Question 23: A. sacrificed

B. trusted

C. recorded

D. acted

Question 24: A. cooks

B. loves

C. joins

D. spends

Question 25: A. interviewed

B. performed

C. finished

D. delivered

Question 26: A. misses

B. goes

C. leaves

D. potatoes

Question 27: A. removed

B. approved

C. reminded

D. relieved

Question 28: A. young

B. plough

C. couple

D. cousin

Question 29: A. confine

B. conceal

C. convention

D. concentrate

Question 30: A. isolated

B. climate

C. island

D. automobile

Question 31: A. river

B. rival

C. native

D. driven

Question 32: A. valentine

B. imagine

C. discipline

D. determine

Question 33: A. crop

B. common

C. household

D. bodily

Question 34: A. merchant

B. sergeant

C. mermaid

D. commercial

Question 35: A. obstacle

B. obscure

C. obsession

D. oblivious 3

Question 36: A. failed

B. reached

C. absorbed

D. solved

Question 37: A. develops

B. takes

C. laughs

D. volumes

Question 38: A. species

B. invent

C. medicine

D. tennis

Question 39: A. advanced

B. established

C. preferred

D. stopped

Question 40: A. exact

B. examine

C. eleven

D. elephant

Question 41: A. heavy

B. head

C. weather

D. heat

Question 42: A. processed

B. infested

C. balanced

D. reached

Question 43: A. food

B. shoot

C. book

D. boot

Question 44: A. amount

B. country

C. counter

D. around

Question 45: A. apologize

B. agree

C. algebra

D. aggressive

Question 46: A. likes

B. tightens

C. heaps

D. coughs

Question 47: A. building

B. suitable

C. suit

D. recruitment

Question 48: A. create

B. creature

C. easy

D. increase

Question 49: A. needed

B. played

C. rained

D. followed

Question 50: A. ploughs

B. photographs

C. gas

D. laughs

Question 51: A. broad

B. load

C. road

D. boat

Question 52: A. acronym

B. agency

C. became

D. aviation

Question 53: A. account

B. amount

C. mourning

D. trout

Question 54: A. sound

B. touchy

C. outdated

D. account

Question 55: A. fungus

B. rubbish

C. function

D. furious

Question 56: A. contain

B. entertain

C. certain

D. campaign

Question 57: A. measure

B. pleasure

C. threat

D. treat

Question 58: A. south

B. southern

C. scout

D. drought

Question 59: A. dome

B. comb

C. home

D. tomb

Question 60: A. accountant

B. country

C. count

D. fountain

Question 61: A. clubs

B. books

C. hats

D. stamps

Question 62: A. advance

B. ancient

C. cancer

D. annual

Question 63: A. canoeing

B. penalty

C. rival

D. tsunami

Question 64: A. increase

B. meant

C. flea

D. lease

Question 65: A. goalie

B. archive

C. signal

D. advertisement

Question 66: A. bury

B. hurt

C. turn

D. excursion

Question 67: A. book

B. foot

C. brook

D. booth

Question 68: A. punctual

B. rubbish

C. thunder

D. furious 4

Question 69: A. sound

B. touch

C. down

D. account

Question 70: A. clerk

B. reserve

C. deserve

D. herb

Question 71: A. spark

B. share

C. park

D. smart

Question 72: A. hasty

B. nasty

C. wastage

D. tasty

Question 73: A. neigh

B. height

C. weigh

D. vein

Question 74: A. butter

B. gum

C. butcher

D. summer

Question 75: A. hall

B. salt

C. drawn

D. roll

Question 76: A. lost

B. post

C. loan

D. pole

Question 77: A. adopted

B. appealed

C. dedicated

D. wounded

Question 78: A. mile

B. militant

C. smile

D. kind

Question 79: A. peace

B. great

C. treat

D. meat

Question 80: A. sailor

B. tailor

C. naivety

D. painter

Question 81: A. character

B. flatter

C. equally

D. attraction

Question 82: A. peace

B. wear

C. weak

D. sea

Question 83: A. zoo

B. goose

C. tooth

D. good

Question 84: A. skill

B. fine

C. dinner

D. since

Question 85: A. hook

B. floor

C. book

D. look

Question 86: A. dedicate

B. eliminate

C. educate

D. certificate

Question 87: A. seems

B. plays

C. visits

D. travels

Question 88: A. stool

B. bamboo

C. good

D. loose

Question 89: A. sculpture

B. result

C. justice

D. figure

Question 90: A. searched

B. practiced

C. subscribed

D. increased

Question 91: A. adverb

B. advent

C. advertise

D. advance

Question 92: A. allow

B. tomorrow

C. slowly

D. below

Question 93: A. included

B. wanted

C. noticed

D. decided

Question 94: A. bushes

B. wishes

C. researches

D. headaches

Question 95: A. tool

B. spoon

C. foot

D. noon

Question 96: A. dressed

B. dropped

C. matched

D. joined

Question 97: A. walk

B. call

C. take

D. talk

Question 98: A. passed

B. opened

C. washed

D. worked

Question 99: A. dream

B. wear

C. treat

D. mean

Question 100: A. attacks

B. medals

C. concerns

D. Fingers

TRỌNG ÂM Các quy tắc đánh trọng âm 1. Trọng âm theo phiên âm - Trọng âm không bao giờ rơi vào âm / ə / hoặc là âm /əʊ/. Nếu như trong một từ có chứa cả hai loại âm là / ə / và /əʊ/ thì trọng âm rơi vào phần có chứa âm /əʊ/. Ví dụ 4: + mother /’mʌðə/: từ này có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất vì âm thứ 2 có chứa âm / ə /. + hotel /həʊ’tɛl/: từ này có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai vì âm thứ nhất có chứa âm /əʊ/. + suppose /sə’pəʊz/: trọng âm rơi vào âm thứ hai. - Trọng âm thường rơi vào nguyên âm dài hoặc nguyên âm đôi hoặc âm cuối kết thúc với nhiều hơn một phụ âm. Ví dụ 5: + disease /dɪ'ziːz/: từ này có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 vì âm thứ 2 có chứa nguyên âm dài /iː/. + explain /ɪk'spleɪn/: từ này có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2 vì âm thứ 2 có chứa nguyên âm đôi /eɪ/. + comprehend /kɒmprɪ' hɛnd/: từ này có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 3 vì âm thứ 3 kết thúc với 2 phụ âm /nd/. - Nếu tất cả các âm mà ngắn hết thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất. Ví dụ 6: + happy /’hæpi/: từ này có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu, vì cả /æ/ và /i/ đều là nguyên âm ngắn. 2. Trọng âm với hậu tố/ đuôi a. Hậu tố/ đuôi nhận trọng âm -eer, -ee, -oo, -oon, -ese, -ette, - esque, - ade, - mental, - nental, - ain b. Hậu tố/ đuôi làm trọng âm rơi vào trước âm đó - ion, - ic, - ial, - ive, - ible, - ity, - graphy, - ious/eous, - ish, -ian c. Hậu tố/ đuôi làm trọng âm dịch chuyển ba âm tính từ cuối lên -y, - ce, -ate, - ise / ize, - ism / izm d. Hậu tố không ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm của từ -ful, - er, - or, - ist, - ous, - ly, - hood, - ship, - ment, - al, - less, - ness, - age, - ure,- ledge,- ing, - ed, able, - dom, -some, - ent /-ant...

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 2 Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions. Question 1: A. apply

B. persuade

C. reduce

D. offer

Question 2: A. preservatives

B. congratulate

C. preferential

D. development

Question 3: A. president

B. physicist

C. inventor

D. property

Question 4: A. economy

B. unemployment

C. communicate

D. particular

Question 5: A. elephant

B. dinosaur

C. buffalo

D. mosquito

Question 6: A. scientific

B. intensity

C. disappearance

D. expectation

Question 7: A. conference

B. lecturer

C. researcher

D. reference

Question 8: A. intentional

B. optimistic

C. environment

D. participant

Question 9: A. explain

B. happen

C. decide

D. combine

Question 10: A. represent

B. intensive

C. domestic

D. employment

Question 11: A. minister

B. dependent

C. encourage

D. agreement

Question 12: A. equip

B. listen

C. answer

D. enter

Question 13: A. involve

B. provide

C. install

D. comment

Question 14: A. hospital

B. inflation

C. policy

D. constantly

Question 15: A. garment

B. comment

C. cement

D. even

Question 16: A. different

B. achievement

C. educate

D. primary

Question 17: A. sorrow

B. schooling

C. passion

D. subtract

Question 18: A. certainty

B. activity

C. organize

D. compliment

Question 19: A. publish

B. replace

C. involve

D. escape

Question 20: A. police

B. system

C. woman

D. novel

Question 21: A. attract

B. amaze

C. offer

D. require

Question 22: A. delicate

B. promotion

C. volcanic

D. resources

Question 23: A. figure

B. honest

C. polite

D. happy

Question 24: A. engage

B. import

C. conserve

D. maintain

Question 25: A. original

B. responsible

C. reasonable

D. comparison

Question 26: A. person

B. hotel

C. signal

D. instance

Question 27: A. situation

B. appropriate

C. informality

D. entertainment

Question 28: A. different

B. bamboo

C. rainfall

D. wildlife

Question 29: A. gorilla

B. interesting

C. September

D. opponent

Question 30: A. promote

B. precede

C. picture

D. pollute 7

Question 31: A. exciting

B. impolite

C. attention

D. attractive

Question 32: A. curious

B. receive

C. unique

D. achieve

Question 33: A. comprehend

B. entertain

C. develop

D. introduce

Question 34: A. consider

B. concentrate

C. interest

D. sacrifice

Question 35: A. pollutant

B. graduate

C. enjoyable

D. suspicious

Question 36: A. generous

B. endangered

C. horrible

D. wonderful

Question 37: A. history

B. village

C. surprise

D. physics

Question 38: A. deafness

B. arrange

C. absorb

D. exhaust

Question 39: A. pressure

B. sensible

C. treatment

D. canal

Question 40: A. publish

B. predict

C. reply

D. refuse

Question 41: A. machine

B. export

C. chemist

D. proceed

Question 42: A. applicant

B. preference

C. sufficient

D. appointment

Question 43: A. interview

B. concentrate

C. comfortable

D. technology

Question 44: A. example

B. happiness

C. advantage

D. disaster

Question 45: A. explain

B. involve

C. swallow

D. control

Question 46: A. character

B. guitarist

C. astronaut

D. bachelor

Question 47: A. surgeon

B. conquest

C. profit

D. canal

Question 48: A. supply

B. consist

C. happen

D. delay

Question 49: A. broaden

B. persuade

C. reduce

D. explain

Question 50: A. solidarity

B. effectively

C. documentary

D. dedication

Question 51: A. royal

B. unique

C. remote

D. extreme

Question 52: A. enroll

B. promote

C. require

D. danger

Question 53: A. optimistic

B. diversity

C. environment

D. assimilate

Question 54: A. affectionate

B. kindergarten

C. respectable

D. occasional

Question 55: A. certificate

B. compulsory

C. remember

D. information

Question 56: A. treasure

B. appoint

C. advance

D. diverse

Question 57: A. conceal

B. contain

C. conserve

D. conquer

Question 58: A. forgettable

B. philosophy

C. humanism

D. objectively

Question 59: A. centralize

B. candidate

C. applicant

D. motivation

Question 60: A. compass

B. campus

C. comfort

D. command

Question 61: A. engineer

B. Vietnamese

C. entertain

D. employee

Question 62: A. encounter

B. agency

C. influence

D. memory

Question 63: A. personify

B. generate

C. affection

D. encourage 8

Question 64: A. contain

B. achieve

C. improve

D. enter

Question 65: A. company

B. instrument

C. business

D. adventure

Question 66: A. suffer

B. differ

C. prefer

D. offer

Question 67: A. contact

B. concert

C. constant

D. concern

Question 68: A. recipe

B. candidate

C. instrument

D. commitment

Question 69: A. inflation

B. maximum

C. applicant

D. character

Question 70: A. compulsory

B. biography

C. curriculum

D. admirable

Question 71: A. struggle

B. anxious

C. confide

D. comfort

Question 72: A. offer

B. canoe

C. country

D. standard

Question 73: A. pollution

B. computer

C. currency

D. allowance

Question 74: A. financial

B. fortunate

C. marvelous

D. physical

Question 75: A. prepare

B. survive

C. finish

D. appeal

Question 76: A. bamboo

B. forget

C. deserve

D. channel

Question 77: A. endanger

B. furniture

C. determine

D. departure

Question 78: A. teacher

B. lesson

C. action

D. police

Question 79: A. important

B. happiness

C. employment

D. relation

Question 80: A. possible

B. cultural

C. confident

D. supportive

Question 81: A. office

B. nature

C. result

D. farmer

Question 82: A. difficult

B. popular

C. effective

D. national

Question 83: A. answer

B. reply

C. singer

D. future

Question 84: A. medical

B. essential

C. dangerous

D. regular

Question 85: A. doctor

B. student

C. advice

D. parent

Question 86: A. advice

B. justice

C. circus

D. product

Question 87: A. politician

B. genetics

C. artificial

D. controversial

Question 88: A. sympathy

B. poverty

C. equipment

D. character

Question 89: A. intend

B. install

C. follow

D. decide

Question 90: A. apartment

B. benefit

C. argument

D. vacancy

Question 91: A. explain

B. involve

C. borrow

D. discuss

Question 92: A. behave

B. relax

C. enter

D. allow

Question 93: A. disaster

B. origin

C. charity

D. agency

Question 94: A. president

B. opponent

C. assistant

D. companion

Question 95: A. obtain

B. perform

C. affect

D. happen

Question 96: A. inform

B. explore

C. prevent

D. cancel 9

Question 97: A. attitude

B. manager

C. invention

D. company

Question 98: A. respect

B. marry

C. depend

D. predict

Question 99: A. fantastic

B. powerful

C. sensitive

D. personal

Question 100: A. travel

B. return

C. connect

D. deny

CÂU HỎI ĐUÔI (TAG QUESTIONS) Công thức: S + V +………, trợ từ + S? - Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy là câu khẳng định, câu hỏi đuôi phải ở thể phủ định (viết tắt). - Nếu câu nói trước dấu phẩy là câu phủ định, câu hỏi đuôi phải ở thể khẳng định. * Lưu ý: - Câu hỏi đuôi của “I am” là “aren’t I”. - Câu hỏi đuôi của “Let’s” là “Shall I”. - Let trong câu xin phép (let us/let me) thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi sẽ dùng “will you”. - Let trong câu đề nghị giúp người khác (let me) thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi sẽ dùng “may I”. - Chủ ngữ là “Everyone/Everybody, Someone/Somebody, Anyone/Anybody, No one/Nobody,...” câu hỏi đuôi là “they”. - Chủ ngữ là “nothing, everything, something, anything” thì câu hỏi đuôi dùng “it”. - Trong câu có các trạng từ phủ định và bán phủ định như: never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little,... thì câu đó được xem như là câu phủ định - phần hỏi đuôi sẽ ở dạng khẳng định. - Khi thấy had/’d better ta chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ “had” để lập câu hỏi đuôi. - Khi thấy would/’d rather ta chỉ cần mượn trợ động từ “would” để lập câu hỏi đuôi. - Câu đầu có It seems that + mệnh đề thì ta lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi đuôi. - Chủ từ là mệnh đề danh từ, dùng “it” trong câu hỏi đuôi. - Sau câu mệnh lệnh cách (Do.../Don’t do v.v...), câu hỏi đuôi thường là ... will you? - Câu đầu là I wish, dùng “may” trong câu hỏi đuôi. - Chủ từ là ONE, dùng you hoặc one trong câu hỏi đuôi. - Câu đầu có MUST, must có nhiều cách dùng cho nên tùy theo cách dùng mà sẽ có câu hỏi đuôi khác nhau: + Must chỉ sự cần thiết thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dùng “needn’t”. + Must chỉ sự cấm đoán thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dùng “must”. + Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở hiện tại thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dựa vào động từ theo sau “must”. + Must chỉ sự dự đoán ở quá khứ (trong công thức must + have + Vp2) thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dùng “have/has” căn cứ theo chủ ngữ của câu. - Câu cảm thán, lấy danh từ trong câu đổi thành đại từ cùng với dùng is, am, are. 10

- Câu đâu có I + các động từ sau: think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, seem, feel that + mệnh đề phụ: + Lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi đuôi. Nếu mệnh đề chính có “not” thì vẫn tính như ở mệnh đề phụ. + Cùng mẫu này nhưng nếu chủ từ không phải là “I” thì lại dùng mệnh đề chính đầu làm câu hỏi đuôi. - Câu có cấu trúc neither...nor thì câu hỏi đuôi là sẽ chia ở số nhiều. - Câu có ought to thì ta sử dụng phần đuôi là shouldn’t. - NEED vừa làm động từ thường, vừa làm động từ khuyết thiếu, nên: + Nếu need là động từ thường thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta phải mượn trợ động từ. + Nếu need là động từ khuyết thiếu thì khi thành lập hỏi đuôi ta dùng luôn need.

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 1 1. The cases of COVID 19 outside China have increased 13 fold,________? A. hasn’t they

B. haven’t they

C. will they

D. don’t they

C. is it

D. have you

2. What you have said is wrong,_________? A. isn’t it

B. haven’t you

3. COVID 19 can be characterized as a pandemic, ________? A. can it

B. can’t it

C. isn’t it

D. can’t they

4. The coronavirus had already overwhelmed China, South Korea, Iran and Italy,________? A. hadn’t it

B. hasn’t it

C. didn’t it

D. wasn’t it

5. Health authorities have activated their most serious response level,________? A. haven’t it

B. hadn’t they

C. have it

D. haven’t they

6. Your mother is cooking in the kitchen,_________? A. isn’t she

B. doesn’t she

C. won’t she

D. is she

7. Chinese officials quickly shut down Wuhan market,_________? A. doesn’t it

B. didn’t they

C. hadn’t they

D. do they

C. aren’t they

D. are they

8. There are no easy ways to succeed,________? A. are there

B. aren’t there

9. No one is a better cook than my sister, ________? A. aren’t they

B. is he

C. are they

D. is it

C. don’t they

D. will not they

C. is it

D. is this

10. They’ll buy a new apartment, ________? A. will they

B. won’t they

11. This house is not safe, ________? A. isn’t this

B. isn’t it

12. Ba rarely goes out at night, ________? 11

A. doesn’t he

B. is he

C. isn’t he

D. does he

C. does it

D. do they

C. aren’t I

D. am I

C. do I

D. is she

C. are you

D. don’t I

13. Everybody looks tired, ________? A. doesn’t it

B. don’t they

14. I’m a bad man, ________? A. am not I

B. isn’t I

15. I think she is a dentist, ________? A. don’t I

B. isn’t she

16. I don’t think you are an engineer, ________? A. do I

B. aren’t you

17. Let’s turn off the lights before going out, ________? A. shall we

B. will you

C. shan’t we

D. won’t you

C. do you

D. will you

C. do they

D. doesn’t he

C. will she

D. did they

18. Don’t be late, ________? A. are you

B. shall we

19. Someone wants a drink, ________? A. doesn’t it

B. don’t they

20. Nobody phoned, ________? A. do they

B. didn’t they

21. You had turned off the lights before you went out, ________? A. had you

B. hadn’t you

C. did you

D. didn't you

C. doesn't he

D. isn’t he

C. are they

D. is it

22. He's American, ________? A. won't he

B. didn’t he

23. Everything is fine, ________? A. aren’t they

B. isn’t it

24. I wish to study English, __________________? A. don’t I

B. do I

C. may I

D. mayn’t I

C. doesn’t it

D. does it

C. can she

D. A&B

C. don’t you

D. do you

C. had you

D. wouldn’t you

25. What a nice dress, ________? A. is it

B. isn’t it

26. One can be one’s master, ________? A. can’t you

B. can’t one

27. You’d better stay at home, ________? A. hadn’t you

B. had you

28. You’d rather learn English, ________? A. hadn’t you

B. would you

29. You don’t believe Peter can do it, ________? A. do you

B. can’t he

C. can he

D. don’t you

30. These are 3 oranges you bought yesterday, ________? A. aren’t they

B. are they

C. are these

D. aren’t these

C. did he

D. didn’t he

31. He seldom helps her, ________? A. doesn’t he

B. does he

32. They never go to the library with us, ________? A. do they

B. did they

C. don’t they

D. didn’t they

33. Mary and Peter don’t like English, ________? A. do they

B. do Mary and Peter C. are they

D. aren’t they

34. I am not a liar, ________? A. am I

B. aren’t I

C. do I

D. don’t I

35. What you have just said is not true, ________? A. is it

B. isn’t it

C. haven’t you

D. has it

36. Lucy has been studying English for 4 years, ________? A. has she

B. is she

C. hasn’t she

D. isn’t she

37. It seems that you are telling me a lie, ________? A. doesn’t it

B. does it

C. aren’t you

D. are you

C. need you

D. A&B

C. shall we

D. don’t I

38. You need take a rest, ________? A. don’t you

B. needn’t you

39. Let me take care of you, ________? A. may I

B. will I

40. The ticket to London doesn’t cost a lot, ________? A. does it

B. isn’t it

C. is it

D. doesn’t it

C. must they

D. needn’t they

C. needn’t you

D. mustn’t you

C. does she

D. mayn’t she

C. shan’t we

D. won’t you

41. They must study hard, ________? A. mustn’t they

B. need they

42. You mustn’t come late, ________? A. need you

B. must you

43. She wishes to go to Singapore, ________? A. may she

B. doesn’t she

44. Let’s go for a walk, ________? A. shall we

B. will you

45. You must have left your purse at home, ________? 13

A. don’t he

B. haven’t you

C. doesn’t he

D. did they

46. She must have been very happy when you told her the news, ________? A. need she

B. mustn’t she

C. isn’t she

D. hasn’t she

C. mustn’t you

D. haven’t you

C. haven’t you

D. weren’t you

C. is this

D. isn’t this

47. You must be tired now, ________? A. needn’t you

B. aren’t you

48. You’ve never been to Italy, ________? A. have you

B. were you

49. This picture is yours, ________? A. is it

B. isn’t it

50. You met him on the bus this morning, ______? A. did you

B. didn't you

C. do you

D. don't you

2. PHÂN TỪ HIỆN TẠI VÀ PHÂN TỪ HOÀN THÀNH * Lưu ý: Khi hai mệnh đề đồng chủ ngữ, ta có thể bỏ chủ ngữ của mệnh đề đầu và đổi động từ chính về dạng Ving hoặc Having + Vp2 (với mệnh đề mang nghĩa chủ động). - Đưa động từ chính của mệnh đề đầu về dạng Ving khi hai hành động xảy ra nối tiếp nhau. Ví dụ: Feeling tired, she went to bed. - Đưa động từ chính của mệnh đề đầu về dạng Having + Vp2 khi muốn nhấn mạnh một hành động xảy ra xong trước rồi mới tới hành động khác. Ví dụ: Having finished my work, I went out with my friends. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 2 1. ________ that her father was angry, she left the room quietly. A. Feeling B. Having felt C. To feel D. Felt 2. ________ school, he worked in a restaurant. A. Having leaved B. Leaving C. Being left D. To leave 3. ________ the report to the manager, she decided to take a rest. A. Having handed in B. Handed in C. Being handed in D. To hand in 4. ________ from Harvard, she applied for a position in a big company. A. Graduating B. Being graduated C. Having graduated D. to graduate 5. ________ this movie last week, I don’t want to see it again. A. Having seen B. Being seen C. Having been seen D. Seeing 6. After ________ the plan, we had a vacation in Hawaii. A. having completed B. having been completed C. completed D. completing 7. ________ in this town for a long time, Mary doesn't move to another place. A. Living B. To live C. Having lived D. Lived 8. ________ all the papers already, Sarah put them back in the file. A. To have photocopied B. To photocopy C. Photocopying D. Having photocopied 14

9. ________ his composition, Louie handed it to his teacher. A. Having written B. Having been written C. Being written D. Writing 10. ________ down from the tower we saw many people walking in the streets. A. Having looked B. Looking C. To look D. Looked 11. ________ repairing the car, he took it out for a road test. A. Finishing B. To finish C. Having finished D. Finished 12. ________ up the phone, Mitchel dialed a number. A. Picking B. Having picked C. To pick D. Being picked 13. ________ hard all day, Sarah was exhausted. A. To work B. Working C. Having worked D. worked 14. ________ all his money, Daniel couldn't afford a new jacket. A. Spending B. Having spent C. Having been spent D. To spend 15. ________ to the hospital, Daisy didn’t see Peter waving at her. A. Rushing B. To rush C. Having rushed D. Being rushed 3. THÌ ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ SỰ PHỐI THÌ 3.1. Tóm tắt cách dùng của các thì động từ Thì động từ

Cách dùng

1. Thì

- diễn tả hành động thường xuyên xảy ra.

hiện tại đơn

Công thức

Từ nhận biết

V(bare): I/ số nhiều - seldom/ rarely/ hardly V

- sometimes/ occasionally

- diễn tả thói quen.

V(S/es): số ít

- often/ usually/ frequently

- diễn tả thời gian biểu, S+V lịch trình, thông báo.

Am: I

- always/ constantly

- diễn tả sự thật, chân lí.

is: số ít Are: số nhiều

- diễn tả nghề nghiệp, Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn: sở thích, nguồn gốc, * V(do/does): bình phẩm. (-): S + do/does + not + V(bare)

- ever - never - every

(?): Do/does + S + V (bare)? * Be (am/ is/ are): (-): S + am/is/ are + not +………… (?): Am/is/are + S +………….? 2. Thì quá khứ đơn

- diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và đã chấm dứt S + V trong quá khứ, không còn liên quan tới hiện tại.

Ved/V(cot 2) was: số ít Be

- ago - last - yesterday

were: số nhiều

- diễn tả hành động xảy Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn:

- in + một mốc thời gian trong quá khứ (in 2000...) 15

ra nối tiếp nhau trong * V(did): quá khứ. (-): S + did+ not+ V(bare) - diễn tả hồi ức, kỉ (?): Did + S+V (bare) +? niệm. * Be (was/were): (-): S+ was/were + not +…… (?): Was/were + S+ …….? 3. Thì - diễn tả những hành S + will + V(bare) động sẽ xảy ra trong Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn: tương tai đơn tương lai. (-): S + will + not + V(bare) - diễn tả những dự (?): Will + S + V (bare)? đoán. - diễn tả lời hứa. 4. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn

- diễn tả hành động S+ am/is/are + V-ing đang xảy ra tại thời Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn: điểm nói. (-): S + am/is/are + not + V-ing - diễn tả hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai (?): Am/ is/ are+ S + V-ing? (có kế hoạch từ trước).

- tomorrow - next - soon - in + một khoảng thời gian (in an hour...) - now - at the moment - at present - right now - look /hear (!)

- diễn tả sự thay đổi của thói quen. - diễn ta sự ca thán, phàn nàn. 5. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

- diễn tả hành động S + was/were + Ving đang xảy ra tại một thời Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn: điểm xác định trong (-): S+ was/ were + not + V-ing quá khứ. - diễn tả hành động (?): Was/ were + S+ V-ing?

- giờ + trạng từ quá khứ (at 3 pm yesterday...) - at this/that time + trạng từ quá khứ ( at this time last week....)

đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác xen vào, hành động nào xảy ra trước chia thì quá khử tiếp diễn, hành động nào xảy ra sau chia thì quá khứ đơn. 6. Thì tương tai tiếp

- diễn tả hành động S + will + be + Ving đang diễn ra vào một Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn: thời điểm cụ thể trong (-): S + will + not + be + Ving tương lai.

- giờ + trạng từ tương lai (at 3 pm tomorrow...) - at this/that time + trạng từ tương lai 16

diễn

- diễn tả hành động sẽ (?): Will + S + be + Ving? đang xảy ra trong tương lai thì có hành động khác xen vào, hành động nào xảy ra trước chia thì tương lai tiếp diễn, hành động nào xảy ra sau chia thì hiện tại đơn.

(at this time next week....)

7. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

- diễn tả hành động xảy S + have/ has + V(pp) ra trong quá khứ nhưng (have: I/ số nhiều không rõ thời gian. Has: số ít) - diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn: trong quá khứ. (-): S+ have/ has + not + V(pp)

- for

- diễn tả hành động xảy (?): Have/ Has + S + V(pp)? ra trong quá khứ nhưng để lại dấu hiệu hoặc hậu quả ở hiện tại.

- recently

- diễn tả những trải nghiệm.

- up to now/ up to present/ until now

- diễn tả những hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng kéo dài tới hiện tại và vẫn còn có khả năng sẽ tiếp diễn trong tương lai.

- yet

8. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

- diễn tả những hành S + had + V(pp) động xảy ra và hoàn Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn: thành trước hành động (-): S + had + not + V(pp) khác trong quá khứ. (?): Had + S + V(pp)?

- before/by the time (trước chia quá khứ hoàn thành, sau chia quá khứ đơn).

9. Thì tương lai hoàn thành

- diễn tả hành động sẽ S + will + have + V(pp) được hoàn thành trước Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn: khi một hành động (-): S + will + not + have + V(pp) khác xảy đến.

10.

- nhấn mạnh khoảng S + have/has + been + Ving thời gian của một hành Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn: động đã xảy ra trong

Thì

- since - ever - never - so far

- lately - before (đứng cuối câu)

- just - already

- after (trước chia quá khứ đơn, sau chia quá khứ hoàn thành).

(?): Will + S + have + V (pp)? - all day/week.... - almost every day this 17

hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

quá khứ và tiếp tục tới (-): S + have/has + not + been + V- week... hiện tại (có thể tiếp ing - in the past year... diễn trong tương lai). (?): Have/has + S+ been + V-ing?

11.

nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của một hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khử và kết thúc trước một hành động quá khứ khác.

S + had + been + Ving

- until then

Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn:

- prior to that time

nhấn mạnh khoảng thời gian của một hành động sẽ đang xảy ra trong tương lai và kết thúc trước một hành động tương lai khác.

S + will + have + been + Ving

Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn 12. Thì tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn

(-): S + had + not + been + Ving (?): Had + S+ been + Ving?

Thành lập phủ định và nghi vấn: (-): S + will + not + have + been + Ving (?): Will + S+ have+ been + Ving?

3.2. Sự phối thì Trong QUÁ KHỨ: WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn) diễn tả hành động xảy ra nối tiếp nhau

Eg: When he saw me, he smiled, at me. Trong TƯƠNG LAI: WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai đơn) Eg: When I see him, I will remind him to call you.

WHEN

Trong QUÁ KHỨ: diễn tả một hành động đang xảy ra thì có hành động khác xen vào

WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ tiếp diễn) Eg: When I came to see her, she was cooking dinner. Trong TƯƠNG LAI: WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai tiếp diễn) Eg: When you come in, your boss will be waiting for you there.

Trong QUÁ KHỨ: WHEN + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) diễn tả một hành động xảy ra xong trước một hành động khác

Eg: When I arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off Trong TƯƠNG LAI: WHEN + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V(tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: When you return to the town, they will have finished building a new bridge. Trong QUÁ KHỨ: AS SOON AS + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ đơn)

AS SOON AS

diễn tả hành động xảy ra nối tiếp nhau

Eg: As soon as she saw a mouse, she shouted and ran away. Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AS SOON AS + S + V (hiện tại đơn/hiện tại hoàn thành), S + V (tương lai đơn) Eg: I will call you as soon as I have finished / finish the work.

SINCE

diễn tả nghĩa “từ khi’’

S + V (hiện tại hoàn thành) + SINCE + V (quá khứ đơn) Eg: We have known each other since we were at high school. Trong QUÁ KHỨ:

BY + TIME

diễn tả hành động kết thúc tính đến một điểm nào đó trong quá khứ/tương lai

BY + trạng từ của quá khứ + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) Eg: By last month, we had worked for the company for 9 years. Trong TƯƠNG LAI: BY + trạng từ của tương lai + S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: By next month, we will have worked for the company for 9 years. Trong QUÁ KHỨ:

AT THIS/ THAT TIME

diễn tả hành động đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ/tương lai

AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ của quá khứ + S + V (quá khứ tiếp diễn) Eg: At this time last week, we were preparing for Tet. Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AT THIS/THAT TIME + trạng từ của tương lai + S + V (tương lai tiếp diễn) Eg: At this time next week, we will be having a big party in the garden.

BY THE

diễn tả nghĩa “vào lúc”

Trong QUÁ KHỨ: BY THE TIME + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn 19

thành)

TIME

Eg: By the time she got home, everyone had gone to bed. Trong TƯƠNG LAI: BY THE TIME + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: By the time she gets home, everyone will have gone to bed. Trong QUÁ KHỨ: AFTER + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + V (quá khứ đơn) AFTER

diễn tả hành động Eg: After she had done her homework, she went out for a walk. xảy ra xong rồi mới tới hành động khác Trong TƯƠNG LAI: AFTER + S + V (hiện tại hoàn thành), S + V (hiện tại đơn) Eg: After she has done her homework, she goes out for a walk. Trong QUÁ KHỨ:

diễn tả hành động xảy ra xong trước BEFORE khi có hành động khác tới

BEFORE + S + V (quá khứ đơn), S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) Eg: Before she went to bed, she had locked all the doors. Trong TƯƠNG LAI: BEFORE + S + V (hiện tại đơn), S + V (tương lai hoàn thành) Eg: Hurry up or the film will have ended before we go to the movie.

UNTIL/ TILL

diễn tả nghĩa “cho tới khi”

S + V (tương lai đơn)/ V(bare)/DON’T + V(bare) + UNTIL/TILL + S + V (hiện tại đơn/hiện tại hoàn thành) Eg: I will wait for you until it is possible. Wait here until I come back.

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 3 1. Only after she _______ from a severe illness did she realize the importance of good health. A. would recover B. has recovered C. had recovered D. was recovering 2. The children _______ to bed before their parents came home from work. A. were all going B. had all gone C. had all been going D. have all gone 3. Paul noticed a job advertisement while he _______ along the street. A. was walking B. would walk C. walked D. had walked 4. I haven’t met him again since we _______ school ten years ago. A. have left B. leave C. left D. had left 5. Mr Pike _______ for this company for more than thirty years, and he intends to stay here until he _______. A. worked/retires B. works/is retiring C. has worked/retires D. is working/will retire 6. When he _______ us to go in, we _______ outside the exam room for over half an hour. 20

A. let - are standing B. let - have stood C. let - had been standing D. let - have been standing 7. When I _______ her, I _______ her your regards. A. met/was sending B. meet/will send C. met/had sent D. meet/sent 8. When we enter the room, our boss _______ for us here. A. will wait B. will be waiting C. was waiting D. will be waited 9. When I got home I found that water _______ down the kitchen walls. A. ran B. was running C. has run D. had been running 10. Mike _______ his favorite program on TV when the lights went out. A. was watching B. is watching C. watched D. watches 11. When the first child was born, they _______ for three years. A. have been married B. had been married C. will been married D. will have been married 12. We _______ in silence when he suddenly _______ me to help him. A. walked - was asking B. were walking - asked C. were walking - was asking D. walked - asked 13. By the time the software _______ on sale next month, the company _______ $2 million on developing it. A. went - had spent B. will go - has spent C. has gone - will spend D. goes - will have spent 14. When Carol _______ last night, I _______ my favorite show on television. A. called / was watching B. had called / watched C. called / have watched D. was calling / watched 15. I'll call you as soon as I _______ in Paris. A. will arrive B. am arriving C. arrive D. will have arrived 16. Many of the people who attended Major Gordon’s funeral _______ him for many years. A. didn't see B. wouldn't see C. haven’t seen D. hadn’t seen 17. Jane _______ her homework when her friend asked her to do his as well. A. did B. would do C. was doing D. had done 18. Mr. Pike _______ English at our school for 20 years before he retired last year. A. was teaching B. had been teaching C. is teaching D. has been teaching 19. When I return to my hometown, everything _______ a lot. A. changes B. will be changing C. will have changed D. will change 20. My parents have left for English since I _______ at primary school. A. have been B. was C. had been D. am 21. I was angry when you saw me because I _______ with my sister. A. have been arguing B. had been arguing C. argued D. would argue 22. By the time I finish the final term exams, I _______ my first two years' study at university. A. have completed B. will be completed C. will complete D. will have completed 23. I wanted to say goodbye to Jerry, but he _______ when I arrived. A. was already left B. already left C. had already been leaving D. had already left 24. I saw a terrible accident while I _______ on the beach. A. am walking B. walked C. was walking D. had walked 25. When we see Mr. Minh tomorrow, I _______ him of that. A. will remind B. remind C. have reminded D. reminded 21

26. As soon as I _______ a good look at the designs, I _______ them back to you. A. have had/ sent B. have had/ will send C. have/ send D. will have/ send 27. His English has improved a lot since he _______ an English course by Mr. John. A. was taking B. takes C. took D. will take 28. We’ll be able to leave for the airport as soon as the taxi _______. A. arrived B. will arrive C. arrive D. arrives 29. Tom often watches TV after his parents _______ to bed. A. had gone B. have gone C. go D. went 30. When I last saw him, he _______ in London. A. is living B. has been living C. was living D. lived 31. By the time he arrives here tomorrow, they _______ for London. A. would have left B. will have left C. will left D. are leaving 32. When I _______ to the airport, I realized that I _______ my passport at home. A. got/had left B. got/left C. had got/had left D. got/was left 33. Call me as soon as you _______ your test results. A. get B. will get C. will have got D. got 34. I _______ along the street when I suddenly heard footsteps behind me. A. was walking B. am walking C. walk D. walked 35. The boy fell while he _______ down the stairs. A. run B. running C. was running D. runs 36. I will come and see you before I _______ for America. A. leave B. will leave C. have left D. left 37. She hurt herself while she _______ hide-and-seek with her friends. A. is playing B. had played C. played D. was playing 38. Only after the bus _______ for a few miles did Jane realize she was on the wrong route. A. was running B. had run C. has run D. runs 39. While I _______ at the bus stop, three buses went by in the opposite direction. A. was waiting B. waited C. had waited D. were waiting 40. By the end of last March, I _______ English for five years. A. had been studied B. had been studying C. will have been studying D. will have studied 41. By the end of next March, I _______ English for five years. A. had been studied B. had been studying C. will have been studying D. will have studied 42. Linda took great photos of butterflies while she _______ in the forest. A. was hiking B. is hiking C. hiked D. had hiked 43. When I _______ for my sister in front of the supermarket, a strange man came to talk with me. A. was waiting B. waited C. had waited D. were waiting 44. When I came to visit her last night, she _______ a bath. A. is having B. was having C. has had D. had had 45. John _______ in the same house since he left school. A. lived B. had lived C. was living D. has lived 46. He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he _______ dinner. A. finish B. has finished C. will finish D. finished 47. The phone _______ suddenly while Joanna was doing the housework. A. rang B. was ringing C. had rung D. is ringing 22

48. A fire-fighter was injuried severely while he _______ to put out a fire. A. would help B. helped C. has helped D. was helping 49. By the time I came here all the better jobs _______ taken. A. have been B. were C. are D. had been 50. While Peter _______ the rose bush in the back yard, the phone rang. A. had been watering B. watering C. watered D. was watering 4. CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG * Công thức Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: Chủ động: S + V(chủ động) + O

Bị động: S +

V(bị động)+

by + S O (đứng ở cuối câu bị động hoặc đứng trước trạng từ thời gian) Bắt buộc bỏ “by people/ by someone/ by somebody/ by noone/ by nobody”

Note: Có thể bỏ “by me/ by you/ by them/ by us/ by him/ by her” Bảng chia chủ động - bị động Thì động từ

Chủ động

Bị động

1. Thì hiện tại đơn

S+ V(bare)/ V(S/es)

S + am/is/are + Vp2

2. Thì quá khứ đơn

S + Ved/ V(cot 2)

S + was/were + Vp2

3. Thì tương lai đơn

S + will + V(bare)

S + will + be + Vp2

4. Thì hiện tại tiếp diễn

S + am/is/are + Ving

S + am/is/are + being + Vp2

5. Thì quá khứ tiếp diễn

S + was/were + Ving

S + was/were + being + Vp2

6. Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

S + have/has + Vp2

S + have/has + been + Vp2

7. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành

S + had + Vp2

S + had + been + Vp2

8. Thì tương lai hoàn S + will + have + Vp2 thành

S + will + have + been + Vp2

9. Thì tương lai gần

S + am/is/are + going to + S + am/is/are + going to + be + V(bare) Vp2

9. Động từ khuyết thiếu

S + modal verbs + V(bare)

S + modal verbs + be + Vp2

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 4 1. Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire ________ by J K Rowling. A. written B. was written C. wrote D. were written 2. Only half of the exercises ________ so far, but the rest ________ by Saturday. A. are being done / will be finished B. were done / are going to be finished C. have been done / will have been finished D. have done / will be finished 3. Because of the general pardon most of the prisoners ________ by the end of this year. 23

A. will have been released B. are being released C. are released D. have been released 4. The students ________ to stand up while the national anthem ________ and the flag ________. A. are taught / is sung / was raised B. taught / sang / is being raised C. are taught / is being sung / is being raised D. were taught / sang / raise 5. The medicine ________ at a high place where the children can't reach. A. must be kept B. must keep C. must be keeping D. must not keep 6. Nothing ________ because it was very foggy and raining heavily. A. is seen B. could be seen C. haven't been seen D. wasn't seen 7. When Jack arrived to the workshop his car ________. A. still being repaired B. was still repaired C. was repairing D. was still being repaired 8. English ________ at state schools as a compulsory lesson for 20 years until last year. A. is being taught B. was being taught C. had been taught D. has been taught 9. The flood victims ________ with food and clean water by the volunteers. A. provided B. were provided C. were providing D. provide 10. Persons under the age of 20 ________ to take driving license but now they ________ to. A. are not allowed / were B. were not allowed / are allowed C. are going / were going D. were going / are not going 11. The news that her lost cat ________ was a great happiness to her. A. has been found B. is found C. did find D. was found 12. The colourful wearings ________ together with the white coloured wearings. A. should not be washed B. should have been washed C. could be washed D. should not wash 13. I don't know why this class is always so dirty because it ________ every morning A. was cleaned B. cleans C. cleaned D. is cleaned 14. Children need ________ up in a loving environment. A. to bring B. to be brought C. to be bring D. bringing 15. She dreams of ________ to represent England in the Olympics. A. to have been chosen B. to be chosen C. having been chosen D. being chosen 16. A new supermarket ________ in the city center. A. is being built B. being built C. are being built D. be built 17. The graduation party had ________ off due to bad weather. A. being called B. to be called C. called D. been called 18. A school ________ in this area by the government next year. A. is going to be built B. is being built C. is built D. is going to build 19. The visitors ________ at the station by my secretary tomorrow. A. are met B. are being met C. will have been met D. have been met 20. All the food in the house ________ by someone because there is no food now. A. has been eaten B. had to be eaten C. must have been eaten D. should have been eaten 24

21. The laws of physics ________ when we provide these mathematical proofs. A. will soon be altered B. be soon altered C. soon will be altered D. will soon altered 22. I am sorry, I can't come with you. I ________ to that party. A. wasn't invited B. invited C. am invited D. don't invite 23. William Shakespeare ________ as the one of the greatest writers in English literature history. A. knew B. has known C. was known D. is known 24. Over a million dollars in cash ________ from a bank in Los Angeles. A. stole B. has been stolen C. have stolen D. have been stolen 25. I'll have to go by bus as my car ________. A. was being repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired 26. Gold ________ in a cave near the foot of the mountain. A. was discovered B. discovered C. was being discovered D. will be discovered 27. VW cars ________ in Germany and the Czech Republic. A. was made B. are made C. made D. had made 28. The twins ________ after by a German nanny for the last three years, so they can both speak German quite fluently. A. have been looked B. were being looked C. have been looking D. are looking 29. Because all hotels in this city ________ in advance, we were unable to find a hotel. A. have not been booked B. had been booked C. had not been booked D. have been booked 30. The traditions in our family ________ from generation to generation, and I expect this will continue in the future. A. may have been passed down B. were being passed down C. are going to be passed down D. have been passed down 31. My passport ________ last year while I was on vacation. A. was stolen B. was being stolen C. had been stolen D. stole 32. Most of the e-mail accounts at our company ________ by a virus last week. A. have been affected B. were affected C. affected D. was affected 33. The Minister proposed that the book ________. A. should be baned B. should be to banned C. should banned D. should be banned 34. It ________ that supplies of oil and natural gas may be exhausted in under 100 years. A. is believed B. believes C. be believed D. is believing 35. Your phone ________ off before you enter the exam room. A. must be to turned B. must turned C. must turn D. must be turned 36. Students ________ to major in the sciences at this university for the past several years. A. are being encouraged B. have been encouraged C. was being encouraged D. should be encouraged 37. Their cars ________ while they were in the mall shopping. A. were being washed B. were washed C. was being washed D. was washed 38. Many issues ________ at the meeting by the time you arrived. A. had been raised B. have been raised C. raised D. are raised 25

39. Many important but rare animal species ________ in the Amazon. A. is found B. are finding C. are found D. finds 40. Two people ________ to have been killed in the explosion. A. are reported B. will be reported C. is reported D. was being reported 41. Details of the accident ________ some time tomorrow. A. will have been released B. is being released C. will be released D. are released 42. In the past, it ________ that the sun revolved around the Earth. A. has thought B. thought C. had been though D. was thought 43. Twenty civilians ________ in the bomb explosion. A. killed B. be killed C. were killed D. was killed 44. While Mr. Taylor was driving down Highway 101, he ________ over and ________ a ticket by a police officer. A. was pulled / be given B. was pulled / given C. pulled / given D. was pulled / give 45. The results of Claire’s study ________ by her advisor right now. A. had been reviewed B. are being reviewed C. is reviewed D. was reviewed 46. The new manager ________ before John left the company. A. had been hired B. had hired C. has been hired D. has hired 47. It ________ that the rate of crime will go down soon. A. expected B. was expected C. expects D. is expected 48. They ________ football after school unless they have finished their homework. A. are not allow to play B. are not allowed playing C. are not allowed play D. are not allowed to play 49. If my car ________ by you, you will pay for the repairs. A. were damaged B. is damaged C. are damaged D. was damaged 50. The contract ________ by the manager tomorrow. A. will have signed B. will sign C. will be signing D. will be signed 5. GIỚI TỪ (PREPOSITIONS) Những cấu trúc giới từ thông dụng Giới từ ABOUT

Cấu trúc

Nghĩa

- To be sorry about st

+ lấy làm tiếc, hối tiếc về cái gì

- To be curious about st

+ tò mò về cái gì

- To be careful about st

+ cẩn thận về cái gì

- To be careless about st

+ bất cẩn về cái gì

- To be confused about st

+ nhầm lẫn về cái gì

- To be doubtful about st

+ hoài nghi về cái gì

- To be excited about st

+ hứng thú về cái gì

- To be enthusiastic about st

+ nhiệt tình, hào hứng về cái gì

- To be sad about st

+ buồn về cái gì

FOR

- To be serious about

+ nghiêm túc về

- To be reluctant about st (or to) st

+ ngần ngại, miễn cưỡng với cái gì

- To be uneasy about st

+ không thoải mái

- To be worried about st

+ lo lắng về cái gì

- To be amazed at st

+ kinh ngạc, sửng sốt vì cái gì

- To be amused at st

+ thích thú với cái gì

- To be angry at sb

+ tức giận với ai

- To be annoyed at sb

+ bực mình với ai

- To be bad at st

+ yếu kém về cái gì

- To be brilliant at

+ thông minh, có tài

- To be good/clever at st

+ giỏi/sắc sảo về cái gì

- To be efficient at st

+ có năng lực về cái gì

- To be expert at st

+ thành thạo về cái gì

- To be mad at sb

+ tức điên lên với ai

- To be present at

+ có mặt

- To be skillful at st

+ khéo léo cái gì

- To be surprised at st

+ ngạc nhiên với

- To be quick at st

+ nhạy bén về cái gì/nhanh chóng làm gì

- To be available for sth

+ có sẵn (cái gì)

- To be bad for

+ xấu cho

- To be good for

+ tốt cho

- To be convenient for

+ thuận lợi cho...

- To be difficult for

+ khó...

- To be dangerous for

+ nguy hiểm...

- To be eager for

+ háo hức cho

- To be eligible for

+ đủ tư cách cho

- To be late for

+ trễ...

- To be liable for sth

+ có trách nhiệm về pháp lý

- To leave for

+ rời khỏi đâu

- To be famous/well-known for

+ nổi tiếng

- To be fit for

+ thích hợp với

- To be greedy for

+ tham lam... 27

FROM

- To be grateful for sth

+ biết ơn về việc...

- To be helpful/useful for

+ có ích /có lợi

- To be necessary for

+ cần thiết

- To be perfect for

+ hoàn hảo

- To prepare for

+ chuẩn bị cho

- To be qualified for

+ có phẩm chất

- To be ready for sth

+ sẵn sàng cho việc gì

- To be responsible for sth

+ có trách nhiệm v’ê việc gì

- To be suitable for

+ thích hợp

- To be sorry for

+ xin lỗi /lấy làm tiếc cho

- To apologize for st/doing st

+ xin lỗi vì cái gì/vì đã làm gì

- To thank sb for st/doing st

+ cảm ơn ai vì cái gì

- To be useful for

+ có ích, hữu dụng

- To borrow st from sb/st

+ vay mượn của ai /cái gì

- To demand st from sb

+ đòi hỏi cái gì ở ai

- To draw st from st

+ rút cái gì

- To emerge from st

+ nhú lên cái gì

- To escape from

+ thoát ra từ cái gì

- To be free from

+ không bị, không phải

- To prevent st from

+ ngăn cản ai cái gì

- To protect sb/st from

+ bảo vệ ai /bảo về cái gì

- To prohibit sb from doing st

+ cấm ai làm việc gì

- To separate st/sb from st/sb

+ tách cái gì ra khỏi cái gì /tách ai ra khỏi ai

- To suffer from

+ chịu đựng đau khổ

- To be away from st/sb

+ xa cách cái gì/ai

- To be different from st

+ khác về cái gì

- To be far from sb/st

+ xa cách ai/cái gì

- To be safe from st

+ an toàn trong cái gì

- To save sb/st from

+ cứu ai/cái gì khỏi

- To be resulting from st

+ do cái gì có kết quả

- To be absorbed in

+ say mê, say sưa

- To believe in st/sb

+ tin tưởng cái gì/vào ai

- To delight in st

+ hồ hởi về cái gì

- To be engaged in st

+ tham dự, lao vào cuộc

- To be experienced in st

+ có kinh nghiệm về cái gì

- To include st in st

+ gộp cái gì vào cái gì

- To indulge in st

+ chìm đắm trong cái gì

- To be interested in st /doing st

+ quan tâm cái gì/việc gì

- To invest st in st

+ đầu tư cái gì vào cái gì

- To involved in st

+ dính líu vào cái gì

- To persist in st

+ kiên trì trong cái gì

- To be deficient in st

+ thiếu hụt cái gì

- To be fortunate in st

+ may mắn trong cái gì

- To be rich in st

+ dồi dào, phong phú

- To be successful/succeed in

+ thành công

- To be ashamed of

+ xấu hổ về...

- To be afraid of

+ sợ, e ngại...

- To be ahead of

+ trước

- To be aware of

+ nhận thức

- To be capable of

+ có khả năng

- To be confident of

+ tự tin

- To be certain of

+ chắc chắn về

- To be doubtful of

+ nghi ngờ

- To be fond of

+ thích

- To be full of

+ đầy

- To be hopeful of

+ hy vọng

- To be independent of

+ độc lập

- To be proud of

+ tự hào

- To be jealous of

+ ganh tị với

- To be guilty of

+ phạm tội về, có tội

- To be innocent of

+ vô tội

- To remind sb of

+ gợi cho ai nhớ tới

- To be sick of

+ chán nản về

- To be scared of

+ sợ hãi 29

- To be short of

+ thiếu

- To be suspicious of

+ nghi ngờ về

- To be joyful of

+ vui mừng về

- To be typical of

+ tiêu biểu, điển hình

- To be tired of

+ mệt mỏi

- To be terrified of

+ khiếp sợ về

- To be dependent/depend on st/sb

+ lệ thuộc vào cái gì /vào ai

- To be keen on st

+ mê cái gì

- To be based on st

+ dựa trên, dựa vào

- To be able to

+ có thể

- To be acceptable to

+ có thể chấp nhận

- To be accessible to

+ có thể kết nối, tiếp cận

- To be accustomed to

+ quen với

- To be agreeable to

+ có thể đồng ý

- To be addicted to

+ đam mê

- To be available to sb

+ sẵn cho ai

- To be clear to

+ rõ ràng

- To be contrary to

+ trái lại, đối lập

- To be delightful to sb

+ thú vị đối với ai

- To be equal to

+ tương đương với

- To be exposed to

+ phơi bày, để lộ

- To be familiar to sb

+ quen thuộc đối với ai

- To be favorable to

+ tán thành, ủng hộ

- To be grateful to sb

+ biết ơn ai

- To be harmful to sb/st

+ có hại cho ai (cho cái gì]

- To be Important to

+ quan trọng

- To be indifferent to

+ bàn quang, thờ ơ

- To be identical to

+ giống hệt

- To be kind to sb

+ tốt với ai

To be kind of sb

+ lòng tốt của ai

- To be likely to

+ có thể

- To be lucky to

+ may mắn

WITH

- To be loyal to

+ chung thủy với

- To be necessary to sth/sb

+ cần thiết cho việc gì/cho ai

- To be next to

+ kế bên

- To be open to

+ cởi mở

- To be opposed to

+ phản đối

- To be pleasant to

+ hài lòng

- To be preferable to

+ đáng thích hơn

- To be profitable to

+ có lợi

- To be responsible to sb

+ có trách nhiệm với ai

- To be rude to

+ thô lỗ, cộc cằn

- To be similar to

+ giống, tương tự

- To be useful to sb

+ có ích cho ai

- To be willing to

+ sẵn lòng

- To be acquainted with

+ quen biết, quen thân

- To be angry with sb

+ tức giận với ai

- To be busy with st

+ bận với cái gì

- To be bored with = to be fed up with

+ chán ngán, chán ngấy

- To be consistent with st

+ kiên trì chung thủy với cái gì

- To be content with st

+ hài lòng với

= to be satisfied with - To be crowded with

+ đầy, đông đúc

- To be covered with

+ bao phủ với

- To cope with

+ đương đầu với

- To deal with

+ xử lí, giải quyết với

- To be disappointed with

+ thất vọng với

- To be friendly to

+ thân thiện với

- To be patient with st

+ kiên trì với cái gì

- To be impressed with/by

+ có ấn tượng/xúc động với

- To be popular with

+ phổ biến quen thuộc

- To be wrong with

+ có vấn đề

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 5 1. I’m truly sorry _______ your son. I hope he will leave the hospital soon. A. about B. at C. for D. from 31

2. She was amazed _______ how calm she felt after the accident. A. about B. at C. for D. from 3. We're really bad _______ predicting future costs. A. about B. at C. for D. from 4. I try to keep meat separate _______ other food in the fridge. A. about B. at C. for D. from 5. She was very amused _______ your comments. A. about B. for C. from D. at 6. You're mad _______ walking home alone at this time of night. A. about B. for C. from D. at 7. Clearly we need to come to an arrangement that is acceptable _______ both parties. A. to B. for C. on D. at 8. Babies are curious _______ everything around them. A. to B. for C. about D. at 9. He's in a really foul temper so be careful _______ what you say to him. A. to B. about C. from D. at 10. We only deal _______ companies which have a good credit record. A. to B. for C. with D. on 11. For all our narrow-minded talk of honor, we are careless _______ our children's safety A. about B. with C. on D. from 12. I'm a bit confused _______ the arrangement for tonight - what time are we meeting? A. about B. with C. on D. at 13. He was annoyed _______ the way she tried to take over the whole meeting. A. for B. on C. with D. at 14. He's really angry _______ me for upsetting Sophie. A. at B. on C. for D. from 15. The teacher is doubtful _______ having parents working as classroom assistants. A. from B. about C. on D. at 16. I am really excited _______ the opportunity to work with her. A. from B. with C. on D. about 17. You don't seem very enthusiastic _______ the party - don't you want to go tonight? A. about B. with C. for D. at 18. We are very sad _______ your news and hope things are going better for you. A. from B. to C. about D. for 19. The region is rich _______ minerals and coal deposits. A. from B. with C. on D. in 20. She quickly became accustomed _______ his messy ways. A. for B. to C. on D. at 21. He fell in the river but his friend saved him _______ drowning. A. from B. with C. on D. at 22. Richard succeeded _______ offending just about everybody in the room! A. with B. at C. in D. to 23. My brother always delights _______ telling me when I make a mistake. A. with B. in C. on D. to 24. This is something I am really serious _______ and want to take it all the way through. A. with B. at C. on D. about 25. Whooping cough is most dangerous _______ infants. 32

A. with B. in C. for D. to 26. Is merely being present _______ the convention sufficient? A. with B. at C. on D. to 27. We need to find a compromise that is agreeable _______ both sides of the party. A. with B. at C. on D. to 28. Many students are worried _______ the coming exam. A. about B. on C. from D. to 29. She ought to be thoroughly ashamed _______ herself - talking to her mother like that! A. with B. at C. on D. of 30. Motor vehicles are prohibited _______ driving in the town centre. A. from B. for C. to D. at 31. They don't believe _______ living together before marriage. A. from B. for C. to D. in 32. It's important to protect your skin _______ the harmful effects of the sun. A. from B. on C. to D. at 33. He's addicted _______ coffee and cannot do anything in the morning until he's had some. A. from B. on C. to D. at 34. He could see that the road ahead _______ him was clear. A. from B. on C. of D. for 35. Maria was so involved _______ her work that she didn’t hear me come in. A. from B. at C. to D. in 36. The slow cooker is very useful _______ people who go out all day. A. about B. for C. in D. at 37. Were you aware _______ the risks at the time? A. from B. of C. to D. in 38. I've always been afraid _______ flying. A. of B. on C. to D. at 39. A diet deficient _______ vitamin D may cause the disease rickets. A. for B. on C. to D. in 40. Breathing in other people's cigarette smoke is bad _______ you. A. for B. on C. to D. at 41. She was quick _______ understanding what we wanted her to do. A. from B. on C. to D. at 42. Our neighbors have always been very friendly _______ us. A. from B. on C. to D. at 43. But to be brilliant _______ it, I have to work hard at it, and I don't actually like it. A. from B. on C. to D. at 44. There's no money available _______ an office party this year. A. from B. on C. for D. at 45. If we lose the case we may be liable _______ the costs of the whole trial. A. for B. on C. to D. at 46. You'll be late _______ your flight if you don't hurry up. A. for B. on C. to D. at 47. Trains may be subject to delay - we apologize _______ any inconvenience caused. A. for B. on C. to D. at 48. Contrary _______ all our expectations, he found a well-paid job and a nice girlfriend. A. from B. on C. to D. at 33

49. He didn't seem very interested _______ what I was saying. A. in B. on C. to D. at 50. He became internationally famous _______ his novels. A. for B. from C. as D. in 51. His parents were bitterly disappointed _______ him. A. for B. on C. with D. at 52. It is rapidly becoming clear _______ me that I'm not suited to being a teacher. A. from B. on C. to D. at 53. It's not like you to behave like this, Alice - I'm surprised _______ you A. from B. on C. to D. at 54. He is skillful _______ organizing the parties. A. from B. on C. to D. at 55. My brother is fond _______ pointing out my mistakes. A. of B. on C. to D. at 56. When she looked at him her eyes were full _______ tears. A. of B. about C. to D. at 57. I'm confident _______ his skills as a manager. A. from B. about C. to D. of 58. What time would it be convenient _______ me to come over? A. for B. in C. about D. at 59. He is good _______ swimming. He won the gold medal last year. A. for B. in C. about D. at 60. He's greedy _______ power. A. for B. in C. about D. at 61. Fiona is very clever _______ physics. A. for B. in C. about D. at 62. This kind of hot and spicy food is very typical _______ the food in the south of the country. A. of B. in C. about D. at 63. When she's drunk she's capable _______ saying awful, rude things. A. for B. in C. about D. of 64. His disability prevents him _______ driving. A. for B. in C. from D. for 65. That song was popular _______ people from my father's generation. A. with B. in C. about D. at 66. They were hopeful _______ a successful agreement. A. for B. of C. about D. at 67. What's wrong _______ you today? A. for B. in C. with D. to 68. Your mother was clearly not impressed _______ our behavior in the restaurant A. by B. in C. about D. at 69. He had always been very jealous _______ his brother's good looks. A. for B. in C. of D. to 70. I'm so grateful _______ you for all that you've done. A. for B. in C. about D. to 71. Be patient _______ her - she's very young A. for B. to C. with D. at 72. I feel a little uneasy _______ asking her to do me such a big favor. 34

A. from B. about C. on D. at 73. Many things make it difficult _______ women to reach the top in US business. A. from B. with C. for D. at 74. They all made the same comment, quite independent _______ each other A. from B. in C. on D. of 75. They indulged _______ alcohol and maintained an attitude of defiance to the norms. A. from B. with C. in D. of 76. In Australia, the prime minister and the Cabinet are responsible _______ the House of Representatives. A. from B. to C. in D. of 77. We're particularly proud _______ our company's environmental record. A. from B. with C. of D. at 78. Four groups of ten is equal _______ two groups of twenty. A. from B. with C. to D. in 79. It's rude _______ you not to say "Thank you" when you are given something. A. about B. from C. on D. to 80. He's rather keen _______ a girl in his school. A. from B. with C. on D. at 81. This approach may be helpful _______ people with very severe symptoms. A. about B. for C. on D. at 82. They've been engaged _______ a legal battle with the council for several months. A. about B. for C. on D. in 83. I'm terrified _______ the dark. A. from B. in C. on D. of 84. I'm scared _______ telling her what really happened. A. of B. about C. on D. at 85. The jury has to decide whether a person is guilty or innocent _______ a crime. A. from B. with C. of D. in 86. I bought some new shoes which are very similar _______ a pair I had before. A. about B. to C. on D. at 87. The weather's just perfect _______ swimming. A. for B. about C. on D. at 88. Anna reminds me _______ her mother. A. of B. with C. in D. to 89. Residents are fed up _______ the disturbance caused by the nightclub. A. from B. with C. on D. at 90. He was getting bored _______ doing the same thing every day. A. from B. with C. on D. at 91. I'm sick _______ him whining about money. A. to B. with C. of D. about 92. If you're willing _______ fly at night, you can get a much cheaper ticket. A. for B. about C. to D. at 93. You can thank John _______ the mess we're in. A. for B. with C. on D. at 94. The restaurant is well known _______ its friendly atmosphere and excellent service. A. from B. with C. in D. for 95. This group of chemicals is known to be harmful _______ people with asthma. 35

A. in B. with C. on D. to 96. After the earthquake we felt grateful _______ be alive. A. for B. with C. on D. to 97. I am not personally acquainted _______ the gentleman in question. A. from B. with C. on D. at 98. I don't have very much to feel joyful _______ awards at the moment. A. of B. about C. on D. at 99. The kids are busy _______ their homework. A. from B. with C. on D. at 100. She was utterly indifferent _______ his irritation. A. about B. with C. on D. to 101. All these new products were based _______ extensive market research. A. from B. with C. on D. at 102. This place is very familiar _______ my old house. A. from B. with C. on D. at 103. I think his career is more important _______ him than I am. A. about B. from C. to D. at 104. They are deeply suspicious _______ each other's motives. A. from B. with C. of D. at 105. A lion has escaped _______ its cage. A. from B. with C. on D. at 106. As Christmas gets closer, the shops get more and more crowded _______ people. A. from B. with C. on D. at 107. The army are said to be ready _______ action. A. for B. with C. in D. at 108. The operators of the rides must keep customers safe _______ personal injury. A. from B. with C. on D. at 109. The tests are identical _______ those carried out last year. A. from B. in C. to D. with 110. Emily is entirely different _______ her sister. A. from B. with C. on D. at 111. How much of the earth's surface is covered water? A. from B. with C. on D. at 112. Training programs encourage workers to remain loyal _______ their employers. A. for B. to C. on D. at 113. Is it necessary _______ all of us to be present at the meeting this afternoon? A. from B. in C. on D. for 114. Tax and service are included _______ the bill. A. from B. with C. in D. at 115. His shirt was open _______ the waist revealing a very hairy chest. A. about B. with C. on D. to 116. Simon was so absorbed _______ his book that he didn't even notice me come in. A. from B. in C. on D. at 117. What makes you think that you are qualified _______ this job? A. about B. for C. on D. in 118. Do you suffer _______ any allergies? A. from B. with C. on D. at 36

119. His view of the situation is diametrically opposed _______ mine. A. about B. with C. to D. at 120. It must be really hard to cope _______ three young children and a job. A. from B. with C. on D. at 6. CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ STT 1 2 3

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

15 16

Cấu trúc

Nghĩa Đóng vai, đóng kịch Act out Chiếm bao nhiêu %, giải thích Account for Xin cái gì Ask for st Hỏi thăm Ask after Mời ai đó đi ăn/đi xem phim để hẹn hò Ask sb out Chia nhỏ ra, hỏng hóc, ngất xỉu Break down Đột nhập vào Break into Nổ ra Break out Chia tay Break up Nuôi nấng ai Bring sb up Làm nổi bật Bring out Gây ra, mang lại Bring about Mang lại, gợi nhớ Bring back Thổi tắt Blow out Tăng lên, ca ngợi Build up Hít vào Breathe in = take in = inhale Bình tĩnh Calm down Cuốn xéo, dọn sạch Clear out Chăm sóc, thích Care for Quan tâm Care about Dọn dẹp Clean up Cần, đòi hỏi, yêu cầu Call for Gọi to, hét to Call out Hủy Call off Gọi cho ai/gọi đi lính Call up Tiếp tục Carry on Tiến hành, thực hiện Carry out Phấn khích, kích động Carry away Chuyển vào, đi vào Carry over chặt/ đốn Cut down cắt, cúp, ngừng cung cấp (điện, gas...) Cut off xen vào, ngắt lời Cut in cắt giảm Cut down on Crop up = happen or appear Xảy ra một cách bất ngờ unexpectedly Nảy ra ý tưởng Come up with Thừa kế Come into 37

17 18 19 20 21

23 24 25

Come up Come out Come on Come off Come across Come in Come in for Come around Come up to Dip into Die out Die of Dress up Drop out of Drop in on = pay a short visit Fall over Fall for Fall behind Fall back on Fall out with Fill in Fill up Fill out Grow up Jot down = note down Go through Go ahead Go on with st = continue with st Go out Go on = continue Go away Go back Go back on Go beyond Go off Go over Go by Go up >< go down Go down with Go in for Go into Get around = travel Get over = recover from

Xảy ra Lộ ra, ló ra, tung ra, phát hành Thôi nào, tiếp tục nào Thành công Tình cờ gặp Bước vào Chuốc lấy, nhận lấy Tỉnh lại Đạt tới Đọc lướt Tuyệt chủng Chết vì bệnh gì Cải trang, đóng giả Bỏ cuộc Tạt qua, ghé qua Đổ sụp xuống, ngã, phá sản Mê tít, yêu ai Tụt lại, chậm lại Phải cần tới, phải dùng tới Cãi cọ với Điền vào mẫu đơn Đổ đầy, làm đầy Mập ra, béo ra Lớn lên Ghi tóm tắt Trải qua Tiến hành Tiếp tục với cái gì Mất điện, ra ngoài, đi chơi Tiếp tục Đi xa, đi đi, cút đi Quay lại Thất hứa Vượt quá Đổ chuông, nổ tung, thiu thối, mất hứng Xem lại, ôn lại Trôi qua, tuột mất Tăng lên >< giảm xuống Mắc bệnh Thích thú, tham gia Điều tra, xem xét Đi lại Vượt qua cú sốc/bệnh tật 38

29 30 31

33 34 35 36

Vượt qua kì thi, hoàn thành Get through Quan tâm, hứng thú với cái gì Get into Xoay sở để sống qua khó khăn Get by Xuống xe/tàu/máy bay Get off lên xe/tàu/máy bay Get on Từ bỏ Give up = stop = quit Tỏa ra, nhả ra, thải ra Give off Nhân nhượng Give in Cạn kiệt Give out Tiết lộ, phân phát Give away Đình trệ, trì hoãn Hold up = delay Ngăn lại Hold back Chờ; giữ chắc; cầm Hold on Hoãn Hold over Nhanh lên Hurry up Phân phát Hand out Nộp Hand in Keep up/pace with = catch up Theo kịp, đuổi kịp with Tiếp tục Keep on Tránh xa Keep away Duy trì mối quan hệ tốt đẹp với ai Keep in with Tra cứu Look up Chăm sóc Look after = take care of Ngó nghiêng, thăm thú Look around Coi thường Look down on Kính trọng Look up to Ngắm nhìn Look at Tìm kiếm Look for Mong chờ Look forward to Điều tra, xem xét Look into Coi chừng, trông chừng Look out (for) Xem qua Look over Nằm nghỉ Lie down Đề ra Lay down Suy nghĩ kĩ Mull over Bù đắp cho Make up for Trang điểm, bịa đặt, dựng chuyện, quyết định, làm hòa, Make up chiếm (tỉ lệ, %) Tạo nên bởi Be made up of Cuỗm đi Make away with Tiến về hướng Make for Nhìn, nhận ra, hiểu Make out Nhặt; đón Pick up 39

38 39 40

42 43 44

45 46 47 48

50 51 52 53 54 55 56

Point at Pray for Pass away = die Pass down Pass over Put up with = tolerate Put across Put on Put off Put aside Put away Put back Put through Put up Put sb up Put out Pull down Result in Run on st Run off Run out of st Run out Slow down Speed up Settle down Start up Save up Set out Set up Set off Stand in for sb Stand up Stand for Stand out Stand up for Ponder on/upon/over Show off Show up = turn up = arrive Stay up Spread over Think back on = recall Talk back to sb Take after Take off

Chỉ vào Cầu nguyện Qua đời/ chết Lưu truyền, truyền lại Lờ đi,né tránh Chịu đựng Trình bày, giải thích Mặc, đội; biểu diễn Trì hoãn; khiến cho ai không còn thích nữa Để dành Dọn đi, cất đi, để dành Trả lại (đưa về đúng vị trí) Kết nối điện thoại Dựng lên Cho ai đó ở nhờ Dập tắt ủi đổ, phá bỏ Dẫn đến Chạy bằng cái gì Bỏ đi, rửa trôi Hết sạch, hết nhẵn cái gì Cạn kiệt Làm giảm Tăng tốc ổn định, định cư Khởi nghiệp Tiết kiệm Bắt đầu thực hiện một kế hoạch/ hành động Thành lập Khởi hành Làm thay cho ai Đứng lên Viết tắt, tượng trưng cho Nổi bật ủng hộ Suy nghĩ về, cân nhắc về; trầm tư Khoe khoang Đến Thức Kéo dài Hồi tưởng lại, nhớ lại Cãi lại, nói lại Giống Cởi, cất cánh, thành công 40

58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65

Take in Take out Take away Take on Take over Take up Turn on >< turn off Turn up = show up = arrive Turn into Turn out Turn down Try out = test Try on Throw away Wipe out Wake up Wind down = relax Wait for sb/st Wash away Wash up Use up = run out

Hấp thụ, hít vào, hiểu Nhổ, đổ Mang đi, kéo theo Đảm nhiệm, thuê mướn Tiếp quản, chiếm đoạt Bắt đầu một thói quen/sở thích Bật >< tắt Đến Biến thành Hóa ra Từ chối, vặn nhỏ Kiểm tra Thử đồ Vứt đi Xóa sổ Thức giấc Thư giãn Đợi ai/đợi cái gì Cuốn trôi Giặt, rửa Dùng hết, cạn kiệt

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 6 1. Unless we do something now, hundreds of plant and animal species will _______. A. bring up B. fall over C. die out D. come into 2. The doctors did all they could, but he finally ________ cancer. A. died of B. asked for C. fell back on D. came into 3. You should ask your accountant ________ some financial advice. A. off B. for C. after D. over 4. Alice ________ her daughter, Mungo's mother, and complained about the price of bread. A. asked after B. fell for C. came up with D. went back on 5. Bill still hasn't ________ me ________ - maybe he doesn't have romantic feelings for me after all. A. brought - about B. asked - out C. went - beyond D. cut-off 6. We ________ the puppies carefully and sold them for a good profit. A. came up B. brought up C. fell over D. went through 7. I feel so inadequate and jealous around my sister-ugh, she always ________ the worst in me! A. brings out B. comes into C. cuts off D. gets into 8. The CEO said he was determined to bring changes ________ that would ensure the companies viability well into the future. A. on B. up C. off D. about 9. Peter is an ambitious man who will never ________ till he gets what he wants. A. put on B. give up C. turn down D. take back 10. That song ________ such fond memories of my childhood. A. comes back B. brings back C. falls behind D. comes in 11. I don't know what happened-one minute, she was talking to me, and the next minute, she just fell ________! 41

A. on B. out C. over D. up 12. The moment I met my wife, I ________ her completely. A. fell for B. came across C. went back on D. handed in 13. I've ________ with that show-can you tell me what happened in the latest episode? A. dropped out B. fallen behind C. gone down D. kept pace 14. With all of these medical bills, I just don't have any more money to ________. A. fall back on B. cut down C. get off D. run off 15. Apparently, Gina ________ Dave last week, and now they're not talking to each other at all. A. came up with B. fell out with C. went on with D. went back on 16. The board must ________ a plan to put the city back on its financial feet. A. go down with B. come around C. come up with D. drop out of 17. I think she ________ all of that money when her grandmother died. A. came into B. came round C. came off D. came on 18. There are job vacancies from time to time. I'll let you know if anything ________. A. gets by B. puts on C. comes up D. carries out 19. It's ________ that several ministers received payments from the company. A. make for B. come out C. carry on D. set up 20. Tom's brother asked him to ________ the music so that he could sleep. A. close down B. go up C. turn down D. stand up 21. The performance on the first night ________ pretty well. A. made out B. fell out C. came off D. put up 22. I ________ him in the library after work, and we a great conversation about Hemingway. A. came into B. came across C. got into D. carried out 23. I ________ while the meeting was in progress, so I waited in the back. A. got in B. came in C. made out D. set off 24. Those boys are going to have to ________ for a punishment after starting the food fight. A. carry out B. put off C. come in D. put aside 25. After Lily fainted, we used smelling salts to get her to ________. A. come around B. setup C. put aside D. make up 26. My electric car doesn't ________ sports cars in terms of speed, but I'd rather have one that doesn't require gasoline. A. make up for B. make away with C. come up to D. take out 27. I'm so sorry that you had to ________ such a traumatic experience. A. take out B. look down C. go through D. turn into 28. It snowed so much that the event couldn't ________ as planned, unfortunately. A. call for B. fill up C. give out D. go ahead 29. Oh, we're ________ our weekend plans - I refuse to let a little rain stop us! A. going on with B. holding back C. showing off D. filling in 30. After the power ________, I spent the night reading by candlelight. A. held back B. went out C. called up D. broke out 31. Well, the party must ________, whether we have caterers or not! A. break out B. go on C. hold back D. give off 32. I only ________ for a few minutes-how did I miss that key detail in the episode? A. tried on B. held on C. went away D. gave in 33. I can't believe you're ________ school after all these years. A. going back to B. trying on C. holding up D. caring for 34. People are beginning to worry that the president is going to ________ his campaign promises. 42

A. hold over B. break into C. account for D. go back on 35. The report concluded that the governor had ________ the purview of her office in the way she handled the incident. A. looked forward to B. turned down C. gone beyond D. called out 36. The whole building had to evacuate because the smoke alarm ________. A. filled in B. gave off C. tried out D. went off 37. Can you ________ these instructions again? I'm still a little confused. A. show off B. care about C. go over D. break down 38. You shouldn't let this great opportunity ________ just because you're mad at your sister. A. breakdown B. account for C. look up to D. go by 39. House prices in our neighborhood have ________ significantly, so we're thinking of selling. A. take on B. gone up C. called for D. filled in 40. Stocks in the company have ________ for the third straight week in a row. A. made up B. gone down C. stood up D. taken up 41. Oh boy, both kids have ________ the stomach flu? We're doomed. A. gone down with B. stood in for C. take after D. looked up to 42. I ________ cycling to work at the beginning of the summer, and I haven't been healthier! A. put up with B. went in for C. kept pace with D. handed out 43. I'm too tired to ________ the details right now, but I'll give you the full story tomorrow. A. get through B. get off C. go into D. run on 44. Volunteers will come around and ________ pamphlets before the lecture. A. give out B. pass out C. hand out D. come out 45. The committee finally handed the proposal ________ to the mayor. A. off B. over C. on D. in 46. I'm going back to school because I always regretted ________ college. A. dropping out of B. catching up with C. going down with D. going back on 47. Ever since we gave your mother that key, she keeps ________ us. A. passing down B. cutting down on C. dropping in on D. going back on 48. That senator needs to ________ the times and stop saying things that are wildly inappropriate in today's world. A. keep up with B. cut down on C. go in for D. go on with 49. When I ________, I don't want an elaborate funeral. A. pass away B. go back C. cutoff D. get around 50. Due to new regulations ________ to us from our managers, I'm no longer authorized to give refunds for any reason other than defective goods. A. dropped in on B. passed down C. turned down D. cut off 51. They're always going to pass you ________ for promotions if you don't set yourself apart A. in B. on C. over D. up 52. Unfortunately, we'll have to ________ that old tree because the inspector thinks it could fall on our house in a bad storm. A. cut down B. turn down C. pass down D. come down 53. If the school board ________ funding for the arts, then what will become of the theater program? A. passes down B. cuts off C. hands out D. gets around 54. Mom is always using the phone in her office to ________ on my conversations! A. get in B. cut in C. turn in D. pass in 55. My doctor told me that I need to ________ eating fried foods in order to improve my cholesterol. A. cut down on B. get around C. handout D. go back on 56. It is hard to ________ town without a car. 43

A. get around B. turn on C. pass over D. go beyond 57. It took her nearly four months to ________ that bout of pneumonia. A. make over B. make up C. get over D. go on 58. Once I ________ my last year of school, I'm taking a long vacation, that's for sure! A. make out B. put down C. go back on D. get through 59. My daughter has ________ sports all of sudden. A. brought out B. handed out C. gotten into D. passed down 60. Ever since my husband lost his job, we've been just ________. A. getting by B. cutting down C. handing out D. going by 61. We're in the last row, so it's going to take us a while to ________ the plane. A. goby B. come in C. go out D. get off 62. Will you get Uncle Joe ________ the bus? He isn't sure where the stop is. A. in B. over C. on D. by 63. I've been working 14-hour days for the last two months, and I am seriously ________ fumes at this point. A. putting across B. getting through C. coming into D. running on 64. Are you boys looking for Mike? He just ________ toward the creek. A. took off B. put on C. ran off D. carried on 65. The store ________ bottled water and canned food after the government issued the hurricane warning. A. put up B. ran out of C. carried on D. set on 66. I really like my job, for the most part, but I do have to ________ a lot of tedious busywork. A. make up for B. go back on C. put up with D. make for 67. The most important thing when you are speaking in front of an audience to is make sure you put yourself ________ well. A. off B. on C. over D. across 68. I don't really feel like going out tonight. Let's just stay in and ________ a cheesy action flick. A. carry on B. make for C. account for D. put on 69. Why did I keep ________ working on this essay? Now I'll be up all night writing it. A. running on B. getting up C. putting off D. getting around 70. I recommend you ________ your bonus as a rainy-day fund for the future. A. go by B. get off C. put aside D. hand out 71. I decided to ________ all the decorations right after the party so I didn't have to do it the next day. A. come into B. fall back on C. go on with D. put away 72. No, put the chocolate ! You can't have any until dinner. A. over B. off C. on D. back 73. You'll need to speak to the sales department about that issue. Would you like me to put you ________? A. beyond B. on C. through D. up 74. They're ________ high-rise apartments all over town. A. putting up B. going through C. bringing back D. falling over 75. We're ________ Jen's brother for a couple of weeks while he looks for a new apartment. A. falling on B. putting up C. making for D. coming up 76. The rescue services are still trying to ________ the fires. A. go through B. come out C. put out D. go back on 77. My mom's family always got up at midnight on Christmas morning to open presents, and she has carried that tradition ________ with us. A. over B. off C. on D. in 44

78. This project has been floundering for a while, but with your shared passion for it, I'm confident that you two can carry it ________. A. on B. in C. out D. over 79. Sorry to ramble for so long-the subject of art just carries me ________! A. over B. away C. off D. on 80. We need some more chairs in here-can you guys carry those ones ________ to the table? A. on B. in C. over D. off 81. At the conference, the new president ________ her plan for reducing the carbon footprint of the country. A. make up B. carry away C. set out D. stand out 82. Can you believe he set the charity ________ when he was just 15? A. off B. on C. in D. up 83. I'm ________ for New York tomorrow to attend a business meeting. A. setting off B. making out C. standing up D. taking on 84. We all had to do extra work to ________ Harry, who was very tired from being out late the night before. A. carry up B. make up for C. get on with D. pick up 85. A: "How did you come up with that character? Is he based on someone you know?" B: "No, I just made him ________." A. out B. for C. off D. up 86. The committee is ________ scientists and politicians. A. made up of B. put up with C. run out of D. stood up for 87. The fearsome beast ________ the princess. We've called on all able-bodied knights to mount a rescue. A. took on B. made up for C. made away with D. looked after 88. The boys ________ the swimming pool as soon as the coach blew the whistle. A. made for B. looked up C. stood up for D. turned on 89. There, in the background—there's someone talking. If we turn up the volume we may be able to ________ what they're saying. A. call off B. stand out C. come into D. make out 90. It was decided that I would ________ my sister at the head of the company while she took her sabbatical. A. stand in for B. look forward to C. pickup D. give away 91. She had been sitting for so long that it was a pleasure to ________. A. come out B. stand up C. make for D. show off 92. A: "What do your company's initials ________.?" B: "Mason, Baxter, and Aiken. They're the three founders." A. care for B. account for C. stand for D. hold back 93. The picture's red frame makes it ________ against the green wall. A. stand out B. take over C. look up D. come into 94. We'll never make any progress if we don't have anyone in congress ________ our cause. A. looking forward to B. going back on C. making up for D. standing up for 95. Percy was changing so rapidly that no one could tell whom he would eventually ________. A. put on B. run off C. take after D. get on 96. Mimi became jealous when Jack's career started ________. A. dropping in B. going on C. taking off D. coming on 97. I had to read the letter twice before I could take it all ________. A. on B. off C. out D. in 45

98. They had to ________ two of his teeth. A. go through B. go back on C. take out D. come into 99. Take these chairs ________ - we don't need them. A. up B. on C. away D. over 100. Don't ________ too much work - the extra cash isn't worth it. A. get on B. take on C. go through D. come by 101. We're pleased to announce that Mr. Schmidt will be ________ as Executive Director. A. running off B. putting away C. carrying on D. taking over 102. Peter will ________ the management of the finance department. A. stand up for B. take up C. make up of D. take out 103. If you don't know what it means, look it ________ in the dictionary. A. on B. over C. off D. up 104. He believes the inspector should ensure children are reasonably well ________, not change a school's culture. A. looked after B. stood up for C. looked into D. turned out 105. The speaker finished her speech and ________ to see if there were any questions. A. made out B. looked around C. called up D. gave in 106. After all, he is a member of an elite media establishment that both fears and ________ the talk phenomenon. A. looks down on B. gives out C. holds back D. breaks up 107. Today even 16-year-old boys on street corners ________ those who attend college. A. call for B. look up to C. pick up D. care for 108. Look ________ that! What a horrible mess! A. off B. in C. at D. on 109. Mathie was ________ work after he decided to pull the plug on the 20-year-old classic emporium. A. looking for B. caring about C. filling in D. turning into 110. She would find herself ________ their meetings and to their conversations even if they were slightly strange sometimes. A. making away with B. taking after C. looking forward to D. putting up 111. In 1473 the king ordered him to ________ a dispute between two members of the goldsmiths' company. A. carry on B. look into C. run on D. put aside 112. We rode a little, walked, talked, played cards in the evening and I ________ Poppy. A. got through B. looked out for C. passed down D. went into 113. Then he slowly looks me ________ before turning his appraising glance to the cabin, which he begins to circle. A. out B. off C. over D. on 114. Jake ________ his computer and checked his mail. A. cut down B. went off C. turned on D. came up 115. She ________ the water and stepped out on to the rug, dried herself, and dressed in jeans and a shirt. A. turned off B. came in C. fell out with D. brought up 116. I'd almost hope of finding a house I liked, and then suddenly this one ________. A. fallen behind B. asked after C. given up D. turned up 117. Hollywood discovered her and turned her ________ a star. A. on B. over C. into D. off 118. I was a bit doubtful at first, but it ________ to be a really good idea. A. went away B. brought back C. turned out D. passed down 46

119. Six times in eight years he pleaded that they send him and six times they turned him ________. A. off B. on C. down D. in 120. Dealing with children who are so damaged ________ immense tact and sensitivity. A. calls for B. cuts down C. gets through D. puts across 121. "Is there anybody there?" he ________, but there was no reply. A. carried on B. set up C. called out D. made for 122. Rescuers had to ________ the search because of worsening weather conditions. A. stand up B. bring over C. call off D. take out 123. I was ________ three months after war broke out. A. looked after B. called up C. turned on D. filled in 124. He ________ the letter and read it. A. gave in B. called out C. looked up to D. picked up 125. Put those heavy bags ________ for a minute. A. over B. down C. off D. on 126. "Where's Diana?" "She just left to ________ the kids from school." A. give out B. hold back C. pick up D. care for 127. He ________ the usual trader’s form offering to sell the car to the finance company. A. broke out B. held on C. filled in D. showed off 128. About half an hour before the performance, the theatre starts to ________. A. holdback B. show off C. fill up D. give in 129. Gerry was terribly thin when he came out of hospital, but he's ________ a lot since then. A. filled out B. gone ahead C. cut off D. gotten through 130. We spent half an hour looking for the keys, but eventually ________ and went home. A. passed down B. went by C. gave up D. put off 131. The wood ________ a sweet, perfumed smell as it burned. A. made up B. gave off C. looked around D. took on 132. Jenny kept begging me for a new bicycle, and I finally ________. A. stood up B. called off C. gave in D. filled in 133. My money was beginning to ________ and there were no jobs to be found. A. breakdown B. account for C. give out D. hold back 134. We’re ________ a free diary with tomorrow’s newspaper. A. coming on B. giving away C. going by D. falling over 135. I’m ________ a new computer. A. going in for B. falling over C. cutting off D. trying out 136. I ________ six pairs of trousers before I found a pair that fitted. A. passed away B. got by C. tried on D. runned off 137. He doesn't usually drive as fast as this. He's just ________ because you're here. A. putting up B. showing off C. going into D. bringing down 138. We were expecting 30 people to come, but half of them never ________. A. fell over B. showed up C. went out D. brought back 139. Her stubbornness on this one issue is holding the whole deal ________. A. off B. on C. over D. up 140. They felt the British economy was being ________ by excessive government controls. A. held back B. set up C. gotten off D. put off 141. Hold ________ a minute! Isn’t that your brother’s car over there? A. over B. off C. back D. on 142. A record dated 1665 shows that at that time the archery contests were ________ 4 days. 47

A. carried over B. made out C. held over D. took out 143. Humans have managed to learn so much because generations of adults put effort into ________ children. A. going back B. setting up C. caring for D. putting out 144. Yeah, I loved that doll when I was three, but I don't ________ it anymore, so feel free to sell it at the garage sale. A. put through B. cut down on C. care about D. drop in on 145. She didn't come to the party because her car ________ on the way here. A. got off B. broke down C. went by D. cut down 146. Someone must be ________ our system-how else would the media know such classified information? A. breaking into B. coming up to C. bringing up D. falling over 147. We knew it was time to leave the club when a fight ________ between guys at the bar. A. broke out B. came into C. went through D. cut down 148. I'm so sad to hear that Mara and John ________ - I thought those two would be together forever. A. put on B. broke up C. got into D. went over 149. When Justin finally got home, his parents demanded that he ________ his whereabouts earlier in the night. A. take on B. account for C. look after D. hold over 150. Elena really ________ her mother in both appearance and character. A. looks back B. goes on C. gets out D. takes after

7. CẤU TẠO TỪ (WORD FORMATION) 7.1. Cách cấu tạo của danh từ STT

Quy tắc

V + ment => N

V + ance => N

V + ion/ation =>N

V + age => N

V + al => N

V + ing => N

Ví dụ develop (v) +ment = development (n): sự phát triển entertain (v)+ ment = entertainment (n): sự giải trí Attend (v) + ance = attendance (n): sự tham dự Perform (v) + ance = performance (n): sự thực hiện, sự biểu diễn invent (v) + ion = invention (n): sự phát minh inform (v)+ ion = information (n): thông tin many (v) + age = marriage (n): hôn nhân carry (v)+ age = carriage (n): sự chuyên chở hàng hóa, xe ngựa survive (v) + al = survival (n): sự sống sót arrive (v) + al = arrival (n): sự đến, tới teach (v) + ing = teaching (n): công việc dạy học 48

train(v)+ing = training (n): công việc đào tạo work (v)+ er = worker (n): công nhân

V + er => N

V + or => N

V + ress => N

V + ant => N

V + ee => N

V + ledge => N

V + ist => N

type (v) + 1st = typist (n): người đánh máy

V + ar => N

lie (v) + ar = liar (n): kẻ nói dối

V + ence =>N

Adj + ness => N

Adj + ity => N

Adj + y => N

honest (a) + y = honesty (n): sự thật thà

Adj + ty => N

certain (a) + ty = certainty (n): sự chắc chắn

Adj + age => N

short (a) + age = shortage (n): sự thiếu hụt

Adj + cy => N

proficient (a) + cy = proficiency (n): sự giỏi, sự thành thạo

Adj + dom => N

free (a) + dom = freedom (n): sự tự do

Adj + ism => N

social (a) + ism = socialism (n): chủ nghĩa xã hội

N1 + ism => N2

terror (n) + ism = terrorism (n): chủ nghĩa khủng bố

Adj + th => N

N1 + hood => N2

employ (v) + er = employer (n): ông chủ act (v) + or = actor (n): diễn viên survive (v)+ or = survival (n): người sống sót act (v) + ress = actress (n): nữ diễn viên wait (v) + ress = waitress (n): nữ bồi bàn assist (v)+ ant = assistant (n): trợ lí depend (v) + ant = dependant (n): người phụ thuộc employ (v)+ ee = employee (n): công nhân interview (v) + ee = interviewee (n): người đi phỏng vấn know (v)+ ledge = knowledge (n): sự hiểu biết, kiến thức

depend (v) + ence = dependence (n): sự phụ thuộc rich (a) + ness = richness (n): sự giàu có polite (a)+ ness = politeness (n): sự lịch sự able (a) + ity = ability (n): khả năng, năng lực responsible(a) + ity = responsibility (n): trách nhiệm

warm (a) + th = warmth (n): sự ấm áp, sự niềm nở wide (a)+ th = width (n): bề rộng, bề ngang child (n) + hood = childhood (n): thời thơ ấu neighbor (n) + hood = neighborhood (n): vùng lân cận 49

N1 + ship => N2

friend (n) + ship = friendship (n): tình bạn member (n)+ ship = membership (n): tư cách hội viên, số hội viên

7.2. Cách cấu tạo của động từ STT

Quy tắc

Adj + en => V

En + Adj => V

N + en => V

Adj + ise/ize => V

N + fy =>V

Ví dụ wide (a) + en = widen (v): mở rộng short (a)+ en = shorten (v): thu ngắn, rút ngắn en + rich [a] = enrich (v): làm giàu en + large (a) = enlarge (v): tăng lên, phóng to length (n) + en = lengthen (v): làm dài ra, kéo dài ra social (a) + ise/ize = socialize (v): xã hội hóa, hòa nhập industrial (a) + ise/ize = industrialize (v): công nghiệp hóa beauty (n) + fy = beautify (v): làm đẹp

7.3. Cách cấu tạo của tính từ STT

Quy tắc

N + ly => Adj

N + ful => Adj

N + less => Adj

N + ic => Adj

N + able => Adj

N + OUS => Adj

N + some => Adj

Ví dụ friend (n) + ly = friendly (adj): thân thiện love (n) + ly = lovely (a): đáng yêu care (n) + ful = careful (a): cẩn thận success (n) + ful = successful (a): thành công home (n) + less = homeless (a): vô gia cư hope (n) + less = hopeless (a): vô vọng economy (n) + ic = economic (a): thuộc về kinh tế history (n) + ic = historic (a): có tính chất lịch sử reason (n) + able = reasonable (a): có lí, hợp lí comfort (n) + able = comfortable (a): thoải mái danger (n) + OUS = dangerous (a): nguy hiểm industry (n) + OUS = industrious (a): chăm chỉ trouble (n) + some = troublesome (a): gây rắc rối, khó chịu hand (n) + some = handsome (a): đẹp trai

nation (n) + al = national (a): thuộc quốc gia

N + al => Adj

N + ing/ed => Adj

N + ern = Adj

N + y = Adj

N + ible = Adj

response (n) + ible = responsible (a): có trách nhiệm

V + ent => Adj

depend (v) + ent = dependent (a): phụ thuộc

V + ive => Adj N + ive => Adj

N + like => Adj

N + ish => Adj

nature (n) + al = natural (a): thuộc về tự nhiên interest (n) + ing/ed = interesting /interested (a): thú vị/thích thú bore (n) + ing/ed = boring/ bored (a): tẻ nhạt/buồn chán West (n) + ern = Western (a): về phía tây, ở phía tây South (n) + ern = Southern (a): về phía nam, ở phía nam rain (n) + y = rainy (a): có mưa sun (n) + y = sunny (a): có nhiều ánh nắng

impress (v) + ive = impressive (a): ấn tượng invent (v)+ ive = inventive (a): có tài phát minh, có óc sáng tạo expense (n) + ive = expensive (a): đắt child (n) + like = childlike (a): như trẻ con, ngây thơ, thật thà god (n) + like = godlike (n): như thần, như thánh fool (n) + ish = foolish (a): dại dột, ngu xuẩn self (n) + ish = selfish (a): ích kỉ

7.4. Cách cấu tạo của trạng từ STT

Quy tắc Adj + ly => Adv

Ví dụ slow (a) + ly = slowly (adv): một cách chậm chạp rapid (a) + ly = rapidly (adv): một cách nhanh chóng

* Lưu ý: STT 1

Quy tắc

Ví dụ

N + ly => Adj

like + ly = likely (a)

Adj + ly => Adv

quick + ly =quickly (adv)

V + al = N

arrive + al = arrival (n)

N + al = Adj

nation + al =national (a)

V + ing = N

teach + ing = teaching (n)

N + ing = Adj

bore + ing = boring (a) 51

Adj + y = N

honest + y = honesty (n)

N + y = Adj

wind + y = windy (a)

7.5. Trật tự từ STT

Quy tắc

Ví dụ

Sau tobe (am/is/are/was/were) là tính từ

The book is so interesting that I can’t put it down.

Sau động từ là trạng từ.

He runs more quickly than me.

Sau V(tri giác) + adj

The food tastes delicious.

* V (trigiác): hear, see, smell, taste, feel.... 4

Sau look, seem, get, become, find, make,... + adj

She looks happier than yesterday.

Sau mạo từ (a/an/the) + N

The development of industry causes air pollution.

Sau tính từ sở hữu (my/your/our/his/her/their/its) là danh từ

He failed the exam because of his laziness.

Sau sở hữu cách là danh từ

Mail’s house is very nice.

Sau đại từ chỉ định (this/that/these/those) + N This machine has been out of order.

Sau some/any/many/much + N

There are many people waiting for the last bus.

Sau giới từ + N

My parents are celebrating 30 years of marriage next week.

Trước danh từ là tính từ

Copperheads are poisonous snakes.

Trước tính từ là trạng từ

The matter is comparatively complicated and sensitive.

Đứng đầu câu, ngăn cách với phần trong câu bằng dấu phẩy (,) là trạng từ.

Traditionally, the positions of the women were in the kitchen.

Sau danh từ là danh từ

This firm is known for its high quality products.

Sau bring/take/have/buy/sell.... + N

Money doesn’t bring happiness to man.

Giữa hai động từ là trạng từ

He will certainly die If you don’t call a doctor.

Khi có “and/or/but” thì hai vế cân nhau

The International Red Cross helps people 52

(cùng chức năng từ loại/ngữ pháp/ngữ nghĩa) in need without any discrimination based on nationality, race, religion, class or political opinions.

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 7 1. The issue of climate change has received a lot of _______ recently. A. attentive B. attention C. attend D. attentively 2. Swimming produces both _______ and physical benefits. A. psychology B. psychological C. psychologist D. psychologically 3. My friend is a good story writer; he has a rich _______. A. imaginatively B. imagination C. imagine D. imaginative 4. The _______ of electronic books has changed the way many people read. A. Invent B. invention C. inventively D. inventive 5. When James was in Vietnam, he tried a _______ of Vietnamese dishes. A. variety B. variously C. various D. vary 6. According to present law, the authorities can give poachers a severe _______. A. punishing B. punish C. punishable D. punishment 7. The new song has _______ been selected for Euro 2016. A. officially B. official C. office D. officer 8. Many species of plants and animals are in _______ of extinction. A. dangerous B. endangered C. danger D. dangerously 9. The wedding day was _______ chosen by the parents of the groom. A. careless B. careful C. carefully D. carelessly 10. To Americans, it is impolite to ask someone about age, _______ and salary. A. marry B. married C. marrying D. marriage 11. Despite the plan’s emphasis on agricultural _______, the industrial sector received a larger share of state investment. A. developing B. developer C. development D. developed 12. _______ have announced that a major breakthrough in medicine has been made. A. Research B. Researchers C. Researches D. Researching 13. This restaurant is _______ with those who like Vietnamese food. A. popular B. popularly C. popularize D. popularity 14. The jobs give you lots of chances to travel abroad; it’s certainly a very _______ offer. A. attractive B. attract C. attractively D. attraction 15. It's necessary to listen to opinions that are _______ from ours. A. difference B. differently C. differ D. different 16. One _______ method for keeping our mind active is doing crossword puzzles. A. popularity B. popular C. popularize D. popularly 17. Sometimes it can be really _______ to go hiking alone in the forest. A. endanger B. danger C. dangerous D. dangerously 18. In the past people believed that women’s _______ roles were as mothers and wives. A. nature B. natural C. naturism D. naturalist 19. Although David was _______ after a day's work in the office, he tried to help his wife the household chores. A. exhaustion B. exhausted C. exhaust D. exhaustively 20. A _______ party was prepared to welcome the honored guests. 53

A. special B. specialize C. specially D. specialization 21. How many means of _______ do you use on a regular basis? A. communication B. communicating C. communicate D. communicative 22. Janice made some useful _______ for the class extra-curricular activities. A. suggest B. suggested C. suggestions D. suggesting 23. Jack put on his best suit to make a good _______ on his future in-laws. A. impression B. impressive C. impress D. impressively 24. The more _______ you look, the better impression you will make on your interviewer. A. confine B. confident C. confidently D. confidence 25. Josh's ambition is to become a _______ businessman like his father. A. success B. succeed C. successfully D. successful 26. Many twelfth graders find it hard to _______ what university to apply to. A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively 27. I think mobile phones are _______ for people of all ages. A. usage B. use C. usefully D. useful 28. Such characters as fairies or witches in Walt Disney animated cartoons are purely _______ A. imaginary B. imagination C. imagine D. imaginatively 29. The Covid-19 pandemic has taken a heavy toll on the country's aviation _______ due to international travel restrictions. A. industry B. industrialize C. industrious D. industriously 30. According to most professors, mature students are ideal students because they are hard-working and become _______ involved in all aspects of the learning process. A. active B. action C. act D. actively 31. Tom is getting ever keener on doing research on _______. A. biology B. biological C. biologist D. biologically 32. They are always _______ of what their children do. A. support B. supporting C. supportive D. supportively 33. It is not always easy to make a good _______ at the last minute. A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively 34. Cultural _______ can be found in such simple processes as giving or receiving a gift. A. differences B. different C. differently D. differ 35. Travelling to _______ countries in the world enables me to learn many interesting things. A. differ B. difference C. differently D. different 36. The job market is constantly changing due to innovative technology and new _______. A. competition B. competitively C. competitive D. compete 37. In Vietnam, children begin their primary _______ at the age of six. A. educational B. educationally C. educate D. education 38. Many librarians and teachers are now accepting graphic novels as proper literature for children as they _______ young people and motivate them to read. A. attract B. attractively C. attraction D. attractive 39. The success of the company in such a _______ market is remarkable. A. compete B. competitively C. competitive D. competition 40. People tend to be unaware of the messages they are sending to others. So, it is _______ to consider your own body language before dealing with people from other cultures. A. usefully B. use C. usefulness D. useful 41. Project-based learning provides wonderful opportunities for students to develop their _______. A. creative B. creativity C. create D. creatively 42. Candidates are advised to dress formally to make a good _______ on job interviewers. 54

A. impress B. impressively C. impression D. impressive 43. It is believed that travelling is a good way to expand our _______ of the world A. knowledgeable B. knowledgeably C. knowledge D. know 44. Susan has achieved great _______ in her career thanks to her hard work. A. success B. succeed C. successful D. successfully 45. Participating in teamwork activities helps students develop their _______ skills. A. social B. society C. socially D. socialize 46. You should turn off the lights before going out to save _______. A. electricity B. electrify C. electric D. electrically 47. The study also found that social networks allow us to have discussions with a much more diverse set of people than in the real world, so we share knowledge with people from a wide _______ of backgrounds. A. vary B. variety C. various D. variously 48. Laura came to _______ me for taking care of her dog when she was away. A. thank B. thankfully C. thankfulness D. thankful 49. The candidates took a _______ breath before he walked into the interview room. A. deeply B. deep C. deepen D. depth 50. With his good sense of humour, Martin is quite _______ with the students. A. popularly B. popular C. popularise D. popularity

8. LIÊN TỪ (CONJUNCTIONS) Cách sử dụng của các liên từ khác STT 1

LIÊN TỪ AND

CÁCH DÙNG

VÍ DỤ

- thêm, bổ sung thông tin

+ She is rich and famous.

(và)

(Cô ấy giàu có và nổi tiếng).

NOR

- bổ sung thêm một ý phủ định + I don’t want to call him nor vào một ý phủ định được nêu intend to apologize to him. trước đó. (Tôi không muốn gọi cho anh (cũng không) ấy cũng không có ý định xin lỗi anh ta).

BUT

- diễn tả sự đối lập, ngược + She is nghĩa arrogant.

but

(nhưng, nhưng mà)

(Cô ấy xinh đẹp nhưng kiêu ngạo).

- nêu thêm sự lựa chọn

= OR ELSE

(hoặc là, hay là)

+ Hurry up or else you will miss the last bus.

= OTHERWISE 5

beautiful

YET

(Nhanh lên hoặc là bạn sẽ nhỡ chuyến xe bus cuối cùng). - đưa ra một ý ngược lại so với +

They

are

ugly

and 55

ý trước đó (vậy mà, thế mà)

expensive, yet people buy them. (Chúng xấu và đắt, vậy mà mọi người vẫn mua).

- nêu kết quả của hành động

(THEREFORE = THUS =HENCE = CONSEQUENTLY = AS A RESULT)

(vì vậy, do đó, do vậy)

+ He was ill, so he didn’t go to school yesterday. (Anh ấy bị ốm nên hôm qua anh ấy không tới trường). + The car in the front stopped so suddenly. Therefore, the accident happened. (Chiếc ô tô đằng trước dừng quá đột ngột, vì vậy vụ tai nạn đã xảy ra).

RATHER THAN

- diễn tả lựa chọn (hơn là)

+ I think you should choose to become a teacher rather than a doctor. (Tôi nghĩ bạn nên chọn trở thành giáo viên hơn là bác sĩ).

WHETHER ...OR

- diễn tả sự thay thế (hay là)

+ I don’t know whether he will come or not. (Tôi không biết là anh ấy sẽ đến hay không).

AS...AS SO...AS

- so sánh ngang/không ngang + She is as tall as me. bằng (Cô ấy cao bằng tôi) (bằng/không...bằng) + She isn’t as/so tall as me. (Cô ấy không cao bằng tôi).

BARELY...WHEN

- diễn tả quan hệ thời gian

HARDLY...WHEN

(ngay khi... thì, vừa mới..thì)

(Ngay khi anh ấy đi ngủ thì điện thoại kêu).

SCARCELY...WHEN NO SOONER...THAN 11

AFTER

- diễn tả hành động xảy ra sau + After he had finished his một hành động khác work, he went out for a drink. (sau khi)

BEFORE

+ Hardly had he gone to bed when the telephone rang.

(Ngay khi anh ấy xong việc, anh ấy ra ngoài uống nước).

- diễn tả hành động xảy ra + He had finished his work, trước một hành động khác before he went out for a drink. 56

(trước khi)

AS SOON AS

- chỉ một hành động xảy ra liền + As soon as she went home, ngay sau một hành động khác she had a bath. (ngay khi)

JUST AS

ONCE

(Ngay khi cô ấy về nhà, cô ấy đi tắm).

- diễn tả 2 hành động xảy ra + He left the meeting just as gần như cùng thời điểm we arrived. (ngay khi, vừa lúc)

(Anh ấy đã xong việc trước khi anh ấy ra ngoài uống nước).

(Anh ta rời khỏi cuộc họp vừa lúc chúng tôi tới đó).

- nói về một thời điểm mà ở đó + Once you have wellmột hành động đã xảy ra hoặc prepared for it, you will sẽ xảy ra certainly be successful. (một khi)

(Khi bạn đã chuẩn bị kỹ càng cho nó, thì bạn chắc chắn sẽ thành công).

UNTIL/TILL

- chỉ hành động xảy ra/ không + I will wait for you until it’s xảy ra cho tới một thời điểm possible. nào đó (Anh sẽ đợi em đến chừng (cho tới khi) nào có thể).

IN OTHER WORDS

- để giải thích rõ nghĩa hơn (nói cách khác)

+ He was economical with the truth - in other words, he lied. (Anh ấy tiết kiệm sự thật hay nói cách khác là anh ấy nói dối).

WHEN

- liên kết 2 hành động có mối + When she came, I was quan hệ về thời gian cooking dinner. (khi)

WHILE = MEANWHILE

(Khi cô ấy tới, tôi đang nấu bữa tối).

- chỉ các hành động diễn ra + While I was doing my cùng một lúc homework, my mother was cleaning the floor. (trong khi) (Khi tôi đang làm bài tập về nhà thì mẹ tôi đang lau nhà).

SO THAT = IN ORDER THAT

- nêu mục đích hoặc kết quả + I’m trying my best to study của hành động có dự tính English well so that I can find a better job. (để mà) (Tôi đang cố gắng hết sức để 57

học Tiếng Anh để mà tôi có thể tìm được một công việc tốt hơn). 21

FOR FEAR THAT

- chỉ mục đích phủ định

= LEST

(vì e rằng, sợ rằng)

+ He wore dark glasses lest he could be recognized. (Anh ta đeo kính dâm vì sợ rằng mình có thể bị nhận ra).

WHEREAS = ON THE CONTRARY

- diễn tả sự ngược nghĩa giữa + He loves foreign holidays, hai mệnh đề whereas his wife prefers to stay at home. (trong khi) (Anh ấy thích đi du lịch nước ngoài, trái lại vợ anh ấy thì chỉ thích ở nhà.)

= IN CONTRAST = ON THE OTHER HAND 23

AS/SO LONG AS = (THAT)

- diễn tả điều kiện

PROVIDING (với điều kiện là, miễn là)

+ You can use my bike providing that you promise to give it back tomorrow. (Bạn có thể sử dụng xe đạp của tôi với điều kiện bạn hứa trả lại nó vào ngày mai).

= PROVIDED (THAT)

IN THE EVENT THAT - diễn tả giả định về một hành + Take an umbrella in case it động có thể xảy ra trong tương rains. = IN CASE lai (Mang theo ô phòng khi trời (trong trường hợp, phòng khi) mưa).

SUPPOSE SUPPOSING (THAT)

AS IF/THOUGH

- dùng để thay thế cho “if” + Supposing he hates you, trong mệnh đề phụ what will you do? (giả sử)

(Giả sử anh ấy ghét bạn, bạn sẽ làm gì?)

- dùng trong giả định

+ He looked frightened as if he had seen a ghost.

(như thể là)

(Anh ấy trông hoảng sợ như thể anh ấy đã nhìn thấy ma). 27

BESIDES MOREOVER FURTHERMORE

- dùng để bổ sung thêm ý/thông + I can’t go now, I’m too tin busy. Besides, my passport is (ngoài ra/hơn nữa/thêm vào đó) out of date. (Tôi không thể đi bây giờ; tôi bận lắm. Ngoài ra, hộ chiếu của tôi đã hết hạn rồi).

IN ADDITION

FOR EXAMPLE

- ví dụ, chẳng hạn như

+ There are many interesting places to visit in the city. The 58

= FOR INSTANCE

art museum, for instance, has an excellent collection of modern paintings. (Có nhiều nơi thú vị để đến thăm trong thành phố này. Chẳng hạn như viện bảo tàng nghệ thuật có một bộ sưu tập xuất sắc các bức tranh hiện đại).

INDEED = IN FACT

INSTEAD

- được dùng để nhấn mạnh/xác + I am happy, indeed proud, nhận thông tin trước đó to be a member of your team. (thực sự, quả thật)

(Tôi rất vui, thực sự là rất tự hào được là một thành viên trong đội của bạn).

- thay vì, thay vào

+ We didn’t go on holiday. We stayed at home, instead. (Chúng tôi đã không đi du lịch. Thay vào đó, chúng tôi ở nhà).

- dùng để biểu thị hai hành Although the weather was ALTHOUGH/EVEN awful, we decided to go THOUGH/THOUGH + động trái ngược nhau camping. CLAUSE (S+ V) , (mặc dù...nhưng) CLAUSE (S + V) = In spite of the awful weather, we decided to go = IN SPITE OF/ camping. DESPITE + CỤM DANH TỪ/V-ING, (Mặc dù thời tiết xấu nhưng CLAUSE (S + V) chúng tôi vẫn quyết định đi cắm trại).

BECAUSE /FOR/AS - dùng để diễn tả mối quan hệ Because the road was icy, many accidents happened. /SINCE /IN THAT/ nguyên nhân, kết quả NOW THAT/ SEEING (bởi vì) = Because of the icy road, THAT + CLAUSE, many accidents happened. CLAUSE (Bởi vì đường trơn nên đã có = BECAUSE OF/ rất nhiều tai nạn xảy ra). OWING TO/ DUE TO/ ON ACCOUNT OF/AS A RESULT OF + CỤM DANH TỪ/V- ING, CLAUSE

S + V + SO + ADJ/ADV - diễn tả mối quan hệ nhân quả

She is so beautiful that many 59

+ THAT + CLAUSE

(...đến mức..., đến nỗi...)

= S + V + SO + ADJ + A/AN + N + THAT + CLAUSE

= She is so beautiful a girl that many boys run after her. = She is such a beautiful girl that many boys run after her.

= S + V + SUCH + (A/AN) + ADJ+ N + THAT + CLAUSE

EITHER...OR EITHER...OR NEITHER...NOR

boys run after her.

(Cô ấy xinh đến nỗi mà rất nhiều chàng trai theo đuổi cô ấy). - diễn tả sự lựa chọn khi nó đi You can come either today or với câu khẳng định tomorrow. (hoặc...hoặc)

(Bạn có thể đến vào hôm nay - diễn tả sự phủ định kép khi nó hay mai đều được). đi với câu phủ định She doesn’t want to talk to me or you. either (không... không) = She wants to talk to neither me nor you. (Cô ấy không muốn nói chuyện với cả tôi và bạn).

NOT ONLY .... BUT - diễn tả sự lựa chọn kép ALSO (không những ...mà còn) = NOT ONLY ... BUT... AS WELL

She is not only beautiful but also intelligent

BOTH... AND

Both she and I are teachers of English in a high school.

- diễn tả sự lựa chọn kép (cả.... và/vừa... vừa)

(Cô ấy không những xinh đẹp mà còn thông minh).

(Cả cô ấy và tôi đều là giáo viên Tiếng Anh ở một trường cấp ba). BOTH + S1 + AND + S2 + V(số nhiều)

Both my sister and my brother like playing chess.

= S1 + TOGETHER WITH/ALONG WITH/AS WELL AS/ ACCOMPANIED BY + S2 + V(S1)

= My sister as well as my brother likes playing chess. (Cả chị gái và anh trai tôi đều thích chơi cờ).

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 8 1. I won't change my mind _______ what you say. A. whether B. no matter C. because 2. My uncle lives a happy life _______ his disability.

D. although 60

A. because of B. because C. though D. in spite of 3. You can go to the party tonight _______ you are sober when you come home. A. as long as B. as far as C. as soon as D. as well as 4. It's really important to have a true friendship _______ it makes your life more meaningful. A. although B. in spite of C. because D. because of 5. Mrs Carter feels happy _______ her daughter has made good progress in her studies recently. A. because of B. although C. because D. despite 6. He always did well at school _______ having his early education disrupted by illness. A. apart from B. in spite of C. in addition to D. because of 7. _______ of all of us who are here tonight, I would like to thank Mr. Jones for his talk. A. In person B. Instead C. On account D. On behalf 8. Polar bears are in danger of going extinct _______ climate change. A. because of B. although C. because D. despite 9. Mary feels confident about the competition _______ she has been well-prepared for it. A. although B. because of C. because D. despite 10. The firemen did well _______ their preparation for catastrophic gas explosions. A. although B. because C. despite D. because of 11. _______ there have been many changes in his life, he remains a nice man to everyone. A. However B. Although C. Because D. Despite 12. _______ he is old, he wants to travel around the world. A. In spite of B. Although C. Despite D. Because 13. The doctor decided to give her a thorough examination _______ he could identify the causes of her illness. A. unless B. after C. because D. so that 14. Many animal species are under threat of extinction _______ widespread deforestation. A. because of B. although C. because D. despite 15. _______ I do okay in the interview, I've got a good chance of getting the job. A. Unless B. In case C. Only D. Provided 16. _______ quickly they ran, they just couldn’t catch up with the van. A. However B. So C. Even D. Much 17. The plan still went ahead _______ the various problems in the early stage. A. although B. because C. because of D. despite 18. “You should stop working too hard _______ you'll get sick”. A. or else B. if C. in case D. whereas 19. You may get malaria _______ you are bitten by a mosquito. A. if B. so that C. though D. unless 20. She got the job _______ the fact that she had very little experience. A. although B. because of C. despite D. because 21. I studied English for four years in high school. _______, I had trouble talking with people when I was traveling in the US. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Although D. However 22. She was able to finish university _______ her financial difficulties. A. although B. because C. despite D. because of 23. _______ your precious help, I wouldn't have certainly overcome most of the practical difficulties. A. If not B. Provided C. Unless D. Without 24. Jane's been unfaithful to Jim three times, but he still loves her _______ everything. A. apart from B. in spite of C. in addition to D. because of 61

25. In Britain, most shops close at 6 pm, _______ in other countries they often open in the evening, too. A. despite B. moreover C. nevertheless D. whereas 26. Parents shouldn't use physical punishment _______ it negatively influences children's development. A. because of B. although C. because D. in spite of 27. Children are encouraged to read books _______ they are a wonderful source of knowledge. A. because of B. in spite of C. because D. although 28. He achieved great success in his musical career _______ his hearing disability. A. despite B. although C. because D. because of 29. _______ busy she is, she manages to pick her children up after school every day. A. However B. Although C. Despite D. Because 30. A newborn baby can neither walk nor crawl. A newborn tiger, _______, can run within minutes of birth. A. therefore B. even though C. otherwise D. however 31. We’ve had a burglar alarm installed in our holiday cottage _______ we will feel happier about leaving it unoccupied for long periods. A. for fear that B. so that C. now that D. provided that 32. He couldn't ride his bike _______ there's no air in one of the tyres. A. since B. due to C. though D. despite 33. _______ his income of current job is relatively low, he finds it difficult to make ends meet. A. Although B. As C. Because of D. In spite of 34. _______ Allan's inexperience as a midfielder, he played well and scored a decisive goal in the final match. A. Since B. Although C. Despite D. Because of 35. Her eyes are red and puffy _______ she has been crying a lot. A. although B. since C. because of D. despite 36. When James was in Vietnam, he tried a _______ of Vietnamese dishes. A. variety B. variously C. various D. vary 37. Peter always takes a map with him _______ he loses his way. A. if B. in case C. so that D. so 38. My parents lent me the money. _______, I couldn’t have afforded the trip. A. However B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Unless 39. _______ there is not enough information on the effects of smoke in the atmosphere, doctors have proved that air pollution causes lung diseases. A. In spite of B. Although C. Therefore D. However 40. Nam is motivated to study _______ he knows that a good education can improve his life. A. because B. so C. so that D. therefore 41. _______ his physical disability, he managed to finish the course with good results. A. Although B. Since C. Because of D. Despite 42. Students are encouraged to develop critical thinking _______ accepting opinions without questioning them. A. in addition B. for instance C. instead of D. because of 43. _______ most fairy tales have happy endings, the stories usually deal with very frightening situations - children abandoned in the forest, terrifying giants, cruel stepmothers. A. Although B. Therefore C. Despite D. Because 44. My uncle tries to spend time playing with his children _______ he is very busy. A. because of B. although C. despite D. moreover 62

45. From when they start in preschool, children spend more time watching television than participating in any other activity except sleeping. _______, this is not necessarily a bad thing. A. Due to B. For example C. However D. Because 46. Many students work to earn money _______ their parents are rich A. because of B. despite C. however D. although 47. The residents of the village are living a happy life _______ they lack modern facilities. A. despite B. although C. therefore D. because of 48. Research shows that learners who adopt this approach will undoubtedly manage to broaden their language abilities considerably and, _______, are more likely to achieve their objectives in the longer term. A. because B. in contrast C. though D. as a result 49. We decided to take a late flight _______ we could spend more time with our family. A. in order B. so that C. so as to D. in order to 50. I walked away as calmly as I could _______ they thought I was the thief. A. although B. so that C. owing to D. in case

9. LƯỢNG TỪ (QUANTIFIERS) Cách dùng

MANY

MUCH

Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là - MANY = a large number of/a MUCH = a great deal of/a large great many/ a majority of/ a amount of... “NHIỀU” wide variety of/ a wide range of - Dùng với danh từ không đếm được. - Dùng với danh từ đếm được. MANY + MUCH = A lot of/lots of/plenty of/a (large) quantity of (Dùng với cả danh từ cả đếm được và không đếm được). Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là “MỘT ÍT”

A FEW - Dùng với danh từ đếm được.

Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là FEW “HẦU NHƯ KHÔNG/ - Dùng với danh từ đếm được. RẤT ÍT” Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là “MỘT VÀI”

Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là “TẤT CẢ”

Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là

SOME

A LITTLE - Dùng với danh từ không đếm được. LITTLE - Dùng với danh từ không đếm được. ANY

- Dùng trong câu khẳng định và - Dùng trong câu phủ định, nghi vấn trong câu nghi vấn khi mang ý và dùng trong câu khẳng định khi nó mời/đề nghị. mang ý nghĩa là “bất cứ”. ALL

BOTH

- Dùng để chỉ từ ba người/vật - Dùng để chỉ cả hai người/vật (cả (tất cả) trở lên. hai). NONE

NEITHER/EITHER 63

“KHÔNG”

- Dùng để chỉ từ ba người/vật - Dùng để chỉ cả hai người/vật đều trở lên đều không. không. Trong đó: + Neither: dùng trong câu khẳng định. + Either: dùng trong câu phủ định.

Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là “HẦU HẾT”

MOST

MOST OF

- Most + N = most of + the/tính từ sở hữu + N Lưu ý: MOSTLY (chủ yếu là): dùng như một trạng từ ALMOST (gần như): dùng như một trạng từ bổ trợ cho động từ, tính từ, danh từ.

Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là “MỖl/MỌI”

EACH

EVERY

EACH/EVERY: dùng với danh từ đếm được số ít - Dùng với danh từ số nhiều khi có số lượng cụ thể.

Diễn đạt ý nghĩa là OTHER ANOTHER “CÁI KHÁC/NGƯỜI - Other + danh từ không đếm - Another + danh từ số ít KHÁC” được. - Other + danh từ số nhiều - Other + ones

- Another + one

- Others được sử dụng như đại - Another + số đếm + danh từ số từ. nhiều Lưu ý: - Another được sử dụng như đại từ Phân biệt “other” và “others”: - Theo sau “other” thường là một danh từ hoặc đại từ. - Mặt khác “others”, bản thân nó là một đại từ và theo sau nó không có bất kì một danh từ nào cả. Sự khác nhau giữa THE OTHER - THE OTHERS: - The other: cái còn lại trong hai cái, hoặc người còn lại trong hai người,... - The others: những cái còn lại hoặc những người còn lại trong một nhóm có nhiều thứ hoặc 64

nhiều người.

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 9 1. She pays a visit to her parents ________other day. A. each

B. every

C. most

D. either

2. The house is small. However, there are ________rooms for my family. A. much

B. little

C. a few

D. few

C. lots

D. a little

3. I need ________sugar to make this cake. A. many

B. few

4. My mother has spent ________money on this handbag. A. a lot of

B. many

C. few

D. lots

5. This is a very boring place to live because there’s ________to do. A. lots of

B. many

C. any

D. little

6. There was hardly ________food left by the time we got there. A. any

B. some

C. few

D. plenty of

C. some

D. any

7. She used ________chalk to write on the board. A. many

B. few

8. ________and every one of the flowers has its own colour and smell. A. Each

B. Every

C. Both

D. Almost

9. “How many potatoes do you want?” “Oh, just a________, please.” A. much

B. few

C. many

D. little

10. The grass received so ________water that it turned brown in the heat. A. many

B. few

C. little

D. much

11. The Smiths had so ________children that they formed their own baseball team. A. many

B. much

C. little

D. few

12. Just think, in ________three months it’ll be summer again. A. most

B. another

C. other

D. every

13. He has finished ________the exercises in this book. A. most

B. mostly

C. most of

D. almost

14. ________students in my class like watching football. A. Most of

B. Most

C. Almost

D. Mostly

15. We were bitten by mosquitoes ________every night. A. most

B. almost

C. mostly

D. most of

16. ________all the passengers on the ferry were French. A. Almost

B. Every

C. Most

D. Mostly

17. We’ve got two TVs, but ________works properly. A. either

B. neither

C. none

D. both

C. Neither

D. Each

18. ________of these restaurants are expensive. A. Both

B. Either

19. We tried lots of hotel. of them had any rooms. 65

A. No

B. None

C. Neither

D. Either

20. ________of the companies supports a local charity. A. Each

B. All

C. Most

D. Half

21. ________ my mother nor my aunt likes going shopping. A. Either

B. Most

C. Neither

D. Both

22. ________ of us wants to remind about that accident. A. Either

B. Both

C. Most

D. Neither

23. “She doesn’t want to criticize Laura”-”_______ do I.” A. Neither

B. Either

C. So

D. Too

C. none

D. both

C. some

D. every

24. I want some cake, but there was________left. A. either

B. some

25. Have you read________of these books? A. any

B. lot

26. ________ of this money is yours, and half is mine. A. Any

B. Half

C. Some

D. Another

27. _______ all of my children have visited this pagoda. A. Almost

B. Most

C. A great deal

D. A wide variety of

C. the other

D. other

28. She has given me________three books. A. others

B. another

29. You shouldn’t expect________to do your work for you A. others

B. another

C. the other

D. the others

30. I have two brothers. One is a doctor,________is a singer. A. others

B. another

C. the others

D. the other

31. I’m not surprised he’s feeling ill - he was eating one ice cream after________! A. the other

B. another

C. others

D. the others

C. other

D. others

C. or

D. both

32. She goes to English class every________day. A. another

B. the other

33. He studied________English and French. A. either

B. neither

34. They have two children,________of whom live abroad. A. both

B. all

C. most

D. none

35. We had bought three pairs of shoes. of them are cheap. A. No

B. None

C. Neither

D. Either

36. Park Hang Seo, who is the head coach of the Vietnam national football team, is a new idol of ________people. A. much

B. a great deal of

C. many

D. both

37. I’m thinking of traveling to either Argentina________Brazil. A. or

B. nor

C. and

D. all

38. I have________things I want to talk to you about. A. a great deal of

B. a large amount of

C. a number of

D. a great many of

39. She has spent________of time in Europe. 66

A. a great deal

B. much

C. the number

D. each

40. Nowadays, cyberbullying has been receiving ________public attention. A. few

B. much

C. many

D. plenty

41. ________ article in this newspaper is very interesting. A. Both

B. Few

C. All

D. Every

42. The plan has been opposed by schools, businesses and________local organizations. A. another

B. the other

C.other

D. others

43. There’s________in the drawer - I took everything out A. something

B. nothing

C. everything

D. Anything

44. She’s a bit worried about moving to a big city where she won’t know________. A. anybody

B. somebody

C. anybody

D. nobody

C. lots of

D. a wide range

45. She planted________trees in the garden. A. lots

B. plenty

46. The man was waiting on________side of the street. A. other

B. the other

C. another

D. others

47. We all got wet in the rain because________had an umbrella. A. some

B. no

C. none

D. most

48. I don’t think________desk will fit into this classroom. A. another

B. others

C.other

D. the others

49. “Which song will you sing?” - “________song you want.” A. no

B. not

C. any

D. None

50. I found one earring - do you knowwhere________one is? A. another

B. the others

C. the other

D. others

10. Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian Once (Một khi)

Once you understand this problem, you will find no difficulty. (Một khi bạn hiểu được vấn đề này, bạn sẽ không thấy nó khó nữa).

When (Khi)

When she comes back, she will buy food. (Khi cô ấy về, cô ấy sẽ mua thức ăn).

As soon as (Ngay sau khi)

As soon as I finish the homework, I will go to sleep. (Ngay sau khi làm xong bài tập, tôi sẽ đi ngủ).

While (Khi/Trong khi)

While I was in China, I went out a lot. (Khi tôi ở Trung Quốc, tôi đi chơi rất nhiều).

By the time (Tính cho tới lúc)

By the time I came home, everyone had slept. (Tính cho tới khi tôi về tới nhà, mọi người đã đi ngủ hết rồi).

As (Khi)

Someone called me as I was taking bath. (Ai đó đã gọi tôi khi tôi đang tắm).

Since (Từ khi)

I have lived here since I was 10 years old. (Tôi đã sống ở đây từ khi tôi 10 tuổi).

Before (Trước khi)

She had known the truth before I told her. (Cô ấy đã biết sự thật trước khi tôi nói cho cô ấy).

After (Sau khi)

He came after the train had left. (Anh ấy đã tới sau khi con tàu rời đi).

Till / Until (Cho tới khi)

I will stay here till/until he comes back. (Tôi sẽ ở lại đây cho tới khi anh ấy quay lại).

During + N/V- ing (Trong During my stay, I find him very naughty. suốt) (Trong suốt thời gian tôi ở đây, tôi thấy cậu bé rất nghịch). Just as (Ngay khi)

Just as he entered the house, he saw a thief. (Ngay khi bước vào nhà, anh ta nhìn thấy một tên trộm).

Whenever (Bất cứ khi nào)

Whenever you are free, we will practice speaking English. (Bất cứ khi nào bạn rảnh, chúng ta sẽ thực hành nói Tiếng Anh).

No sooner .... than....

No sooner had he gone out than he came back.

(Vừa mới.... thì đã...)

(Anh ta vừa mới ra ngoài thì đã đi về).

Hardly/Scarcely ... when....

Hardly/Scarcely had she had a shower when the phone rang.

(Vừa mới ...thì đã...)

(Cô ấy vừa mới đi tắm thì điện thoại reo).

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 10 1. They always close their curtains _______ in the evening. A. as soon as they had got home

B. once they get home

C. after they are getting home

D. before they will get home

2. _______, we had already finished work. A. By the time he arrived

B. After he have arrived

C. As soon as he arrives

D. When he had arrived

3. I will come and see you _______. A. when I was finishing my homework

B. as soon as I have finished my homework

C. until I finished my homework

D. after I had finished my homework

4. We'll send you an email of confirmation _______. A. after we had made our final decision. B. before we made our final decision C. while we were making our final decision D. as soon as we have made our final decision 5. _______, leave it in the hospital for someone else to read. A. When you have read the book

B. After you had read the book

C. Before you are reading the book

D. While you were reading the book

6. He will apply for a job _______. A. when he is graduating from university

B. until he graduated from university

C. after he had graduated from university

D. as soon as he graduates from university

7. _______ , she will go to sleep. 68

A. By the time she finished the homework

B. After she was finishing the homework

C. When she finished the homework

D. As soon as she has finished the homework

8. _______, I will give him the report. A. When he will return

B. When he returns

C. Until he will return

D. No sooner he returns

9. _______, he will get ready to go to work. A. When he will have breakfast tomorrow B. Until he would have breakfast tomorrow C. After he has breakfast tomorrow D. As soon as he had breakfast tomorrow 10. She will call you to confirm _______. A. until she received the parcel

B. when she was receiving the parcel

C. the moment she receives the parcel

D. after she had received the parcel

11. _______, we will be able to leave for the airport. A. After the taxi had arrived

B. As soon as the taxi arrives

C. Until the taxi will arrive

D. When the taxi arrived

12. We will congratulate him on winning the first prize _______. A. as soon as Peter gets here

B. after Peter had got here

C. when Peter was getting here

D. until Peter got here

13. I'll help you with your homework _______. A. after I had done my own

B. as soon as I have done my own

C. until I did my own

D. when I was doing my own

14. We will invite all of our friends to come over for a house- warning party _______. A. as soon as we have moved into the new house. B. until we moved into the new house C. after we will move into the new house D. when we moved into the new house 15. _______, I will reply to you at once. A. Until I received your message

B. When I was receiving your message

C. As soon as I receive your message

D. After I had received your message

16. He will take the dog out for a walk _______ dinner. A. before he had finished

B. until he finished

C. as soon as he finishes

D. when he was finishing

17. I will call and tell you something interesting _______. A. before I came home after work

B. after I had come home after work

C. while I was coming home after work

D. when I come home after work

18. I will tell him to call you _______. A. as soon as he returned

B. until I saw him

C. when he returns

D. after I’d seen him

19. By the time you come here tomorrow, the work _______. 69

A. will have been finishing

B. will be finishing

C. will have been finished

D. will be finished

20. _______ as soon as I see him. A. I will tell James the news

B. I tell James the news

C. I can tell James the news

D. I would tell the news

21. The neighbors will look after our plants _______. A. as soon as we were away

B. while we are away

C. after we were away

D. before we would be

22. Let's go out for dinner _______. A. after the movie had finished

B. before the movie finishes

C. as soon as the movie would finish

D. when the movie finishes

23. Make sure you close all the windows _______. A. before you leave

B. until you will leave

C. after you leaves

D. when you left

24. _______ until she apologizes. A. I don't speak to Kate

B. I not speak to Kate

C. I didn’t speak to Kate

D. I won’t speak to Kate

25. _______ his name was Doug, I thought he was called Damien! A. When he was mentioning

B. Until he mentioned

C. The moment he would mention

D. As soon as he mention

26. _______ while the teacher was explaining the activity. A. They were taking

B. They was talked

C. They are talking

D. They would talk

27. _______ my lesson by noon, I will come around. A. As soon as I am finishing

B. After I have finished

C. Before I had finished

C. If I will finish

28. _______, we went to as many islands as possible. A. Until I will have in Greece

B. When we were in Greece

C. As soon as I have been in Greece

D. Before I had been in Greece

29. The lift won't start _______. A. before you will press that button

B. until you press that button

C. as soon as you are pressing that button

D. after you have press that button

30. She will give the children their dinner _______. A. before he comes home

B. when he had come

C. as soon as he is coming

D. until he comes

31. He'll have to behave better _______. A. until he is going to school

B. until he has gone to school

C. when he goes to school

D. before he will be going to school

32. I'll do it _______. A. when I was finishing my first project

B. after I had finish my first project 70

C. until I finished my first project

D. as soon as I have finished my first project

33. He is going to stay in our flat while _______. A. we were in Scotland

B. we will be in Scotland

C. we had been in Scotland

D. we are in Scotland

34. Will you recognize him _______? A. the moment you see him

B. until you are seeing him

C. after you will see him

D. as soon as you saw him

35. _______, I will complete every exercise in my textbook. A. When I master English

B. The moment I have mastered English

C. As soon as I had mastered English

D. Before I have mastered English

36. We can’t play loud music _______. A. before everyone will go to bed

B. when everyone went to bed

C. as soon as everyone is going to bed

D. after everyone has gone to bed

37. I'll wait with you _______. A. until the bus comes

B. after the bus have come

C. as soon as the bus had come

D. before the bus comes

38. We always have an ice cream _______. A. after we had gotten to the beach

B. until we are getting to the beach

C. as soon as we get to the beach

D. before we got to the beach

39. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _______. A. would finish what I did

B. finished what I did

C. finished what I was doing

D. finish what I did

40. Mrs Brown will have worked at this school for 30 years _______. A. by the time she retires

B. when she retired

C. as soon as she had retired

D. after she had retired

11. TỪ VỰNG NHỮNG CỤM TỪ THÔNG DỤNG THƯỜNG GẶP TRONG ĐỀ THI STT

Cấu trúc

Nghĩa

Have a great impact/ influence on sb/ st

Have an inspiration = have a sudden good Có một ý nghĩ bất chợt idea

By the way

Nhân tiện, à này

Have a natural ability to do st

Có khả năng thiên bẩm đế làm gì

Có ảnh hưởng lớn đến ai/cái gì

On a wide/massive scale

Trên quy mô rộng lớn

Make/earn a living

Kiếm sống

Seek one’s fortune

Tìm kiếm vận may

Launch the campaign

Phát động chiến dịch

Go green

Theo lối sống thân thiện với môi trường

Immediate benefits

Lợi ích trước mắt

Pose threat to sb/st

Đe dọa tới ai/cái gì

Adopt a green lifestyle

có lối sống "xanh", vì môi trường

Humble beginnings

Khởi đầu khiêm tốn

Waste disposal/garbage

Xử lý chất thải

Gain one's independence

Giành được độc lập của mình

Repair the damage

Khắc phục những thiệt hại

Make prediction about st

Dự báo về cái gì

Study for a degree

Học để tây bằng

Make a profit

Sinh lời

In the company of sb

Đồng hành cùng ai; ở cùng ai

Say hello to sb

Chào ai

Say goodbye to sb

Tạm biệt ai

Claim one’s life = kill sb

Giết chết ai đó

Make jokes about/of st = make fun of sb

Trêu chọc, châm chọc về điều gì

Get (one’s) permission to do st

Xin phép ai làm gì

Cheat in the exam

Gian lận trong thi cử

Be/make friends with sb

Làm bạn với ai

Judge sb by one's looks/appearances

Đánh giá ai qua vẻ bề ngoài của họ

In the company of sb

Đồng hành cùng ai

Lead an independent life

Có cuộc sống độc lập

Donate st to sb/st = make a donation to Quyên góp cái gì cho ai/cái gì sb/st

Achieve a goal

Đạt mục tiêu

Show respect for sb/st

Thể hiện sự tôn trọng đối với ai/cái gì

Raise money for st/doing st

Quyên góp tiền cho cái gì/làm gì

Cut/reduce/limit emissions

cắt/giảm/hạn chế lượng phát thải

Make way/room for

Nhường chỗ, dọn chỗ cho

Have severe /serious/ consequences/ impacts/ effects on

Upset the ecological balance

negative Có hậu quả/tác động nghiêm trọng/tiêu cực tới Làm mất cân bằng sinh thái 72

Take a gap year

See the point of st/doing st

Hiểu được tầm quan trọng hay lý do cho = understand the importance of or the cái gì reason for st

Damage one’s reputation

Hủy hoại danh tiếng của ai

Make judgment

Phán xét/đánh giá

Make criticism

Chỉ trích, phê bình

Come under criticism

Nhận/ hứng chỉ trích

Find faults with st

Bắt lỗi với cái gì

Graduation ceremony

Lễ tốt nghiệp

Make progress

Tiến bộ

Make sense of = understand

Hiểu

Miss a chance to do st

Lỡ mất cơ hội làm gì

Be on display

Được trưng bày

Make no hesitation to do st

Đừng ngần ngại làm việc gì

Take precautions

Có biện pháp phòng ngừa

Heavy lifting

Việc nặng nhọc

Lose/reduce weight

Giảm cân

Gain/ put on weight

Tăng cân

Conquer one’s nerves to do st

Chế ngự nỗi sợ hãi để làm gì

Nghỉ một năm giữa chừng (dành ra một năm mà bạn quyết định "nghỉ giữa hiệp” trong một quá trình học tập hay làm việc, cho phép bạn tìm đến những kế hoạch khác biệt (so với cuộc sống thường ngày)

By chance = by mistake = by accident = by Ngẫu nhiên, tình cờ coincidence 54

Meet/face the challenge

Đương đầu với thách thức

Pay a heavy price to do st

Trả giá đắt để làm gì

Table manners

Quy tắc bàn ăn

Realize the dream/ambition/goal

Thực hiện giấc mơ/tham vọng/mục tiêu

Travel sickness

Say xe

Set st in motion = begin st

Bắt đầu cho cái gì

Have st in common

Có điểm gì chung

Have (no) objection to doing st

(không) phản đối làm gì

Object to doing st

Phản đối làm gì

Major fouls

Những lỗi chính (trong thể thao)

Minor fouls

Những lỗi nhỏ (trong thể thao)

Commit fouls

Phạm lỗi

Defend the title

Bảo vệ danh hiệu

Lose one’s temper

Mất bình tĩnh

The home team

Đội chủ nhà

The visiting team

Đội khách

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 11 1. He had a(n) _______ - why not apply for some government money? A. determination B. imagination C. inspiration D. ambition 2. The anti-smoking campaign has had quite a (n) _______ on young people. A. power B. usage C. contribution D. impact 3. By the _______, I heard that Phyllis may be moving to Dallas. A. road B. path C. route D. way 4. Healing is the natural _______ of one person to restore health in another. A. ability B. capacity C. possibility D. likelihood 5. The very wealthy man had _______ beginnings, having been raised in poverty. A. modest B. humble C. moderate D. medium 6. This crime spree has already _______ the lives of 10 innocent people-when will the perpetrator be caught? A. announced B. declared C. stated D. claimed 7. It was a scandal that _______ a lot of reputations. A. destroyed B. demolished C. devastated D. damaged 8. The first thing you must do is make a (n) _______ of the situation. A. measure B. estimation C. assessment D. appraisal 9. The actress has come under _______ for her comments about her co-stars. A. criticism B. objection C. disapproval D. reprimand 10. I was disappointed whenever my boss found _______ with my work. A. error B. fault C. mistake D. foul 11. "We're addressing the problem," he said, "and I think we're making _______." A. progress B. breakthrough C. betterment D. promotion 12. She missed a _______ of promotion when she turned down the job of assistant manager. A. opportunity B. chance C. luck D. fortune 13. The disadvantage of nuclear weapons is that they cause destruction on a massive _______. A. extent B. area C. scale D. sphere 14. She worked as an assistant in the firm for several years before she finally left to seek her _______ as an independent contractor. A. opportunity B. chance C. luck D. fortune 15. Today police _______ a campaign to reduce road accidents. A. launched B. raised C. held D. celebrated 16. The Chancellor proposed a crackdown on car and plane emissions, and the introduction of tax incentives to _______ green. A. come B. get C. go D. arrive 17. Drunken drivers pose a serious _______ to other road users. A. danger B. risk C. threat D. hazard 18. People should _______ green lifestyle to help conserve the natural resources. A. adopt B. adapt C. adjoin D. adjust 74

19. Waste _______ includes the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final disposal. A. rubbish B. litter C. trash D. disposal 20. Cuba _______ independence from Spain in 1898. A. obtained B. got C. gained D. achieve 21. Is it too late to _______ the damage we have done to our planet? A. repair B. amend C. mend D. fix 22. It's difficult to make accurate _______ about the effects on the environment. A. anticipations B. predictions C. guesses D. estimation 23. She studied for a _______ in engineering in a famous university. A. certificate B. diploma C. qualification D. degree 24. She makes a big _______ from selling waste material to textile companies. A. profit B. interest C. bargain D. benefit 25. Don't go without _______ goodbye to me, will you? A. talking B. saying C. telling D. speaking 26. We tried to make a _______ of our situation, but it wasn't really funny. A. joke B. fun C. tease D. humor 27. He had to get _______ from his parents to audition for the show. A. allowance B. agreement C. permission D. approval 28. “Anyone caught _______ in the exam will get zero marks”, said my teacher. A. deceiving B. cheating C. tricking D. fooling 29. Simon finds it hard to make _______ with other children. A. friends B. mates C. companion D. buddy 30. You have no right to judge other people by their _______. A. shapes B. looks C. observations D. appearance 31. James had a cozy birthday party at home last Friday in the _______ of his close friends. A. company B. business C. atmosphere D. residence 32. Most young people want to _______ an independent life without being influenced by anyone. A. lay B. put C. lead D. bring 33. I'd like to make a small _______ to charity in my mother's name. A. donation B. contribution C. volunteer D. devotion 34. Do you think I'll be able to _______ my goal of losing five kilos before the summer? A. gain B. obtain C. achieve D. approach 35. In their senseless killing of innocent people, the terrorists have _______ their lack of respect for human life. A. indicated B. suggested C. demonstrated D. shown 36. The school needs to raise _______ for new playground equipment. A. cash B. cheque C. money D. currency 37. Many countries are reluctant to cut _______ if it means sacrificing economic growth. A. emissions B. releases C. discharges D. leaks 38. Some beautiful old buildings were torn down to make _______ for the new parking garage. A. road B. path C. route D. way 39. Australians and New Zealanders often have a/an _______ year before going to college or after finishing high school to travel overseas independently. A. gap B. hole C. empty D. distance 40. They couldn't see the _______ of more training. A. view B. opinion C. point D. viewpoint 41. If you are due to graduate soon, you’re probably wondering what happens at a graduation _______. 75

A. ceremony B. celebration C. anniversary D. festivity 42. There's an Egyptian art collection on _______ at the museum at the moment. A. exhibition B. display C. demonstration D. show 43. I have no _______ in recommending Ms Shapur for the job. A. reluctance B. unwillingness C. hesitation D. obligation 44. They failed to take the necessary _______ to avoid infection. A. precautions B. preventions C. deterrence D. avoidance 45. Have it delivered from your local store or order online so you can skip the heavy _______. A. raising B. rising C. lifting D. evaluating 46. My weight _______ when I stop eating sugar. A. reduces B. decreases C. diminishes D. lowers 47. The young star managed to conquer his _______ to ease past his opponent in the first round. A. worries B. nerves C. anxieties D. fears 48. I've paid this bill twice by _______. A. error B. fault C. mistake D. foul 49. Finding a solution to this problem is one of the greatest _______ faced by scientists today. A. challenges B. difficulties C. troubles D. complexes 50. If you abuse your body now, you'll pay the _______ when you're older. A. cost B. value C. charge D. price 51. Your table _______ are awful - don't you know how to use a knife and fork? A. behaviors B. actions C. manners D. etiquettes 52. He had _______ all his ambitions by the age of 30. A. realized B. recognized C. reckoned D. acknowledged 53. Travel _______ is a feeling of illness, especially of needing to vomit, which some people get in a moving vehicle. A. illness B. sickness C. disease D. unwellness 54. The governor's request set in _______ the process for receiving federal funds. A. movement B. fluctuation C. motion D. mobility 55. I didn’t think Larry and Patricia had anything in _______, but they talked all evening. A. common B. popular C. shared D. universe 56. We have no _______ to a slight postponement. A. protest B. objection C. opposition D. disapproval 57. According to the FIFA Laws of the Game, there are 9 _______ fouls in soccer and several minor fouls. A. main B. large C. major D. chief 58. He will _______ his 1,500 metre title this weekend A. preserve B. defend C. protect D. guard 59. The children behaved so badly that I lost my _______ and shouted at them. A. mood B. temper C. disposition D. emotion 60. The _______ team is a team in a sport that is playing in the usual area that they play in. A. home B. house C. shelter D. accommodation BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 12 - TỪ CÙNG TRƯỜNG NGHĨA 1. The Internet bill was too far high due to a computer _______. A. error B. mistake C. fault D. defect 2. We sell 32 different _______ of ice cream. A. flavours B. savours C. odors D. scents 3. The smell of stale meat always makes me feel _______. 76

A. ill B. sick C. unwell D. pale 4. It's very rare that a book is so good you actually _______ out loud. A. smile B. chuckle C. giggle D. laugh 5. If any of these symptoms _______ while you are taking the medication, consult your doctor immediately. A. happen B. take place C. ensue D. occur 6. It was a long journey, _______ I’m really tired now. A. so B. therefore C. thus D. hence 7. A block in the pipe was _______ the water from coming through. A. hindering B. preventing C. avoiding D. deterring 8. The school plans to _______ more teachers. A. rent B. hire C. lease D. employed 9. However hard I try to _______ my teacher’s accent. I’ll never speak like a native. A. emulate B. copy C. imitate D. forge 10. The letter _______ a number of typing errors. A. contains B. includes C. consist D. comprises 11. It is not a good idea to miss meals and _______ them with snacks. A. substitute B. replace C. change D. exchange 12. You can't complain of being _______ when you don't make any effort to meet people. A. lonely B. private C. sole D. individual 13. The disease that once claimed millions of lives has now been _______. A. deleted B. erased C. eradicated D. abolished 14. We ought to _______ a public relations consultant to help improve our image. A. rent B. lease C. purchase D. hire 15. She teaches the students to have respect for different races and appreciate the _______ of other cultures. A. diversity B. range C. mixture D. variety 16. Life _______ is the major factor influencing senior life insurance premiums. A. expectation B. expectancy C. suspense D. anticipation 17. If you get bitten by a dog, you have to make sure the _______ is properly cleaned, or an infection could set in. A. scar B. pain C. wound D. strain 18. This coffee is about half the price of that one and yet you really can't _______ the difference. A. tell B. speak C. talk D. say 19. We will have _______ with employee representatives about possible redundancies. A. debates B. discussions C. quarrels D. arguments 20. Don't put anything wet on a polished surface, or it will leave a _______. A. point B. trace C. hint D. mark 21. He described sport as a _______ of peace and a means of promoting fraternity between nations. A. signature B. motto C. symbol D. sign 22. Of course we don't want to alarm people unnecessarily, but they should be alerted to _______ dangers. A. potential B. capable C. expected D. able 23. The company is reducing its workforce by _______ 500 employees. A. retiring B. firing C. rejecting D. withdrawing 24. If you want to learn to play a musical _______, it might be a good idea to begin on something simple. A. device B. equipment C. mechanism D. instrument 77

25. I know it's not my _______ to tell you how to run your life, but I do think you've made a mistake. A. chore B. job C. work D. career 26. The accident was caused by people driving too fast in bad _______. A. conditions B. features C. traits D. properties 27. She missed the _______ of promotion when she turned down the job of assistant manager. A. occasion B. possibility C. chance D. prospect 28. My personal is that the students should do more work outside the classroom. A. sight B. vision C. scene D. view 29. Smoking is a causative _______ in the development of several serious diseases, including lung cancer. A. factor B. aspect C. part D. side 30. The money I get from teaching evening classes provides a supplement to my main _______. A. pension B. income C. salary D. wage 31. Buying a house often places a large financial _______ on young couples. A. weight B. heaviness C. load D. burden 32. The country is now enjoying a period of relative _______ and prosperity. A. certainty B. stability C. sureness D. guarantee 33. Unemployment in the first half of the year was 2.5 percent lower than in the same _______ the year before. A. state B. decade C. period D. era 34. Police are investigating a possible _______ between the murder and a robbery that took place last year. A. relation B. association C. bond D. mixture 35. She's a young politician who manages to bridge the generation _______. A. distance B. space C. gap D. hole 36. I tried to _______ in my speech how grateful we all were for his help. A. convey B. carry C. deliver D. transfer 37. Neil Armstrong was the first person to set foot on the _______ of the moon. A. appearance B. surface C. outside D. exterior 38. The council is considering banning vehicles from the town centre to _______ congestion. A. abandon B. dispose C. relieve D. discard 39. People under a lot of stress may _______ headaches, minor pains, and sleeping difficulties. A. undertake B. experience C. assume D. shoulder 40. One of the organization's aims is to _______ information about the disease. A. cast B. scatter C. disseminate D. toss 41. As it was such a special _______, she permitted herself a small glass of champagne. A. occasion B. prospect C. possibility D. chance 42. The report will examine unequal pay as well as other types of gender _______ in the workplace. A. distinction B. discrimination C. judgment D. prejudice 43. There were so many different _______ of bread that I didn't know which to buy. A. forms B. styles C. fonts D. types 44. The disease can be caused by a variety of viruses, bacteria, and other small organisms that _______ food or water. A. contaminate B. demolish C. eradicate D. eliminate 45. They reported a sudden _______ of the disease in the south of the country. A. breakthrough B. outbreak C. breakdown D. breakage 46. They _______ that a major earthquake will strike the east coast before the end of the decade. A. expect B. await C. predict D. wait 78

47. To _______ electricity, we are cutting down on our heating. A. support B. protect C. safeguard D. conserve 48. I only go to see films that are _______ favorably. A. reviewed B. examined C. inspected D. investigated 49. I'll give you this booklet to read, which gives advice about feeding _______ of under four months. A. kids B. infants C. toddlers D. teenagers 50. He is determined to _______ the memory of a disappointing debut two years ago. A. delete B. erase C. abandon D. eliminate 51. Scientists fear that a volcanic _______ on the Canary Island of La Palma will send a chunk of island collapsing into the sea. A. eruption B. outbreak C. explosion D. discharge 52. Environmental groups want a substantial reduction in the _______ of greenhouse gases. A. disposal B. emission C. eruption D. radiation 53. Under the new _______ spending on office equipment will be strictly controlled. A. regulations B. instructions C. guidelines D. directions 54. We are trying to get the baby into a _______ for feeding and sleeping. A. grid B. network C. routine D. path 55. Rescuers used a special _______ for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings. A. instrument B. software C. machine D. device 56. One of the minus points of working at home is not having social _______ with colleagues. A. touch B. link C. approach D. contact 57. Instead of simply punishing them, the system encourages offenders to _______ their behaviour. A. exchange B. modify C. maintain D. return 58. The successful applicant for the _______ will be a well-motivated self-starter who has excellent communication skills. A. location B. situation C. position D. place 59. We constantly seek to improve the _______ of service we give to our customers. A. quantity B. capacity C. quality D. extent 60. I can't _______ you how grateful I am for your help. A. speak B. say C. talk D. tell 61. Tiredness, loss of appetite and sleeping problems are all classic _______ of depression. A. indicators B. displays C. symptoms D. diagnoses 62. He described sport as a _______ of peace and a means of promoting fraternity between nations. A. signature B. signal C. symbol D. sign 63. A change of course may be needed if the current _______ of violence continues. A. rank B. position C. level D. limit 64. At what age are children able to _______ between right and wrong? A. distinguish B. categorize C. clarify D. separate 65. The group is trying to raise public _______ about homelessness. A. awareness B. experience C. capability D. knowledge 66. Dayton was _______ for Williams in the second half of the game. A. replaced B. substituted C. changed D. exchanged 67. _______ is the process of having babies. Women should be taken care of carefully in this stage. A. childbearing B. childrearing C. childbirth D. childhood 68. His outspoken views would frequently bring him into _______ with the president. A. agreement B. conclusion C. quarrel D. conflict 69. We've set ourselves a series of _______ to achieve by the end of the month. A. ambitions B. goals C. purposes D. aspirations 79

70. I was given the wrong tablets when the chemist misread my _______. A. direction B. instruction C. guidance D. prescription 71. She complained of an ache in her shoulder which kept her _______ at night. A. conscious B. aware C. awake D. rousing 72. The successful _______ for the position will be a well-motivated self-starter who has excellent communication skills. A. competitor B. contestant C. participant D. applicant 73. Certain chemicals have been banned because of their damaging _______ on the environment. A. power B. force C. faculty D. effect 74. Using a _______ of bananas, the zoo-keeper persuaded the monkey back into its cage. A. pack B. flock C. bunch D. herd 75. Despite all the _______ in modern medicine, demand for alternative therapies and faith healing keeps growing. A. expansions B. advances C. escalations D. extensions 76. He'd been _______ her for months and then she finally agreed to go out with him. A. pursuing B. hunting C. following D. tracking 77. We generally use the _______ "MP" instead of writing out "Member of Parliament" in full. A. reduction B. cutback C. abbreviation D. diminution 78. Some studies have suggested a link between certain types of _______ sweetener and cancer. A. false B. fake C. counterfeit D. artificial 79. People are becoming far more aware of environmental _______. A. troubles B. matters C. issues D. disputes 80. I'm not _______ anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight? A. implying B. inferring C. concluding D. deducing 81. From the window we could _______ the children playing in the yard. A. look B. view C. see D. glare 82. "Can I _______ to Isobel, please?" "She's still in bed. I'll just go and see if she's conscious yet." A. tell B. say C. communicate D. speak 83. If we carry this argument to its logical conclusion, we _______ that further investment is not a good idea. A. identify B. realize C. distinguish D. recognize 84. My relationship with my father played a major part in shaping my _______ towards men. A. view B. idea C. attitude D. sense 85. Children make up a large _______ of the world's population. A. amount B. percent C. proportion D. component 86. The economy is regarded as the key _______ in the outcome of the election. A. ingredient B. trait C. feature D. factor 87. He was _______ from prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence. A. released B. emitted C. fired D. expelled 88. The new president said she would _______ herself to protecting the rights of the sick and the homeless. A. support B. dedicate C. assist D. aid 89. Studies suggest that regular _______ of the vitamin significantly improves brain function. A. intake B. ingest C. swallow D. eating 90. He died in mysterious circumstances, and there is still a _______ that it was murder. A. occasion B. opportunity C. prospect D. possibility 91. Choosing between cupcakes and ice-cream, I prefer the _______. A. late B. later C. latter D. latest 80

92. Children _______ to listen and speak from their parents. A. learn B. study C. know D. acquire 93. I was _______ about missing the bus. A. insane B. mad C. crazy D. demented 94. Our rival firm was established _______ the city last month. A. nearly B. nearby C. near D. almost 95. We've got five accounts of what happened and _______ of them agree. A. none B. nope C. not D. no 96. Villagers voluntarily contribute money and other things to _______ the festival. A. hold B. celebrate C. organize D. set 97. Quan _______ swimming yesterday. A. went B. played C. did D. got 98. I haven’t yet found a tyre pressure gauge that is wholly _______. A. exact B. precise C. correct D. accurate 99. Mary still has some _______ with her colleague. A. matters B. problems C. issues D. troubles 100. In order to win this competition, you must _______ a code hidden in that room. A. find B. look for C. search D. seek 101. The eclipse should only be _______ through a special lens. A. viewed B. saw C. looked D. watched 102. Don’t take your mobile phone with you to the exam or else the examiners will _______ it if they found it on you. A. seize B. impound C. confiscate D. sequester 103. Dense _______ is affecting roads in the north and visibility is poor. A. haze B. fog C. smog D. smoke 104. When my husband left me, I was advised to put the matter into the hands of a _______. A. adviser B. solicitor C. attorney D. counsellor 105. Most teenagers go through a rebellious _______ for a few years but they soon grow out of it. A. stint B. span C. duration D. phase 106. The programme attracted millions of _______. A. viewers B. spectators C. audiences D. onlookers 107. I _______ my ankle while playing football. A. sore B. hurt C. pain D. harm 108. One good thing about the Scottish climate is that it keeps your skin _______. A. wet B. damp C. watery D. moist 109. The police asked him if he could _______ out the killer from a series of photos. A. choose B. select C. pick D. decide 110. The meat was so _______ that I didn’t have to cut any fat off. A. slim B. lean C. skinny D. slender 12. CỤM TỪ CỐ ĐỊNH NHỮNG CỤM TỪ CỐ ĐỊNH TRONG CHƯƠNG TRÌNH LỚP 10 1

A detailed action plan

Bản chi tiết kế hoạch hành động

A pat on the back

Khen ngợi, ca tụng

A wide range/variety of

Nhiều, đa dạng

Accidentally come up with= hit on/upon

Vô tình nảy ra ý tưởng 81

Against one's will

Trái với mong muốn của ai

At stake = at risk = in danger

Gặp nguy hiểm, bị đe dọa

Be in two minds about st

Lưỡng lự, chưa quyết định được

Be quick/slow on the uptake

Nhanh/chậm tiếp thu

Be under misapprehension that + clause

Hiểu lầm rằng

Bumper/good crops

Vụ mùa bội thu

By leaps and bounds

Tiến bộ nhanh chóng

Cash crops

Cây thương phẩm

Chance upon sb/st

Vô tình thấy/tìm thấy ai/cái gì

Change your tune

Thay đổi ý kiến hoàn toàn

Close to the bone

Xúc phạm

Come to an end

Kết thúc

Conquer one's nerves to do st

Chế ngự nỗi sợ hãi để làm gì

Contribute to st/doing st

Đóng góp, cống hiến vào cái gì/làm gì

= make a contribution to st/doing st 19

Dispose of = get rid of

Loại bỏ, xử lí

Do a degree in st

Học để lấy bằng (lĩnh vực gì)

Do a project on st

Làm dự án về vấn đề gì

Do damage to sb/st

Gây tổn hại tới ai/cái gì

Do harm to Do good to

Gây hại Có lợi

Do harm to sb/st

Gây hại cho ai/cái gì

Do/cause damage to sb/st

Gây ra thiệt hại cho ai/cái gì

Domestic violence

Bạo lực gia đình

Earn/make money

Kiếm tiền

Fall asleep = doze off

Ngủ thiếp đi

Fall in love with sb

Yêu ai

Fight/struggle for st

Đấu tranh cho cái gì

Fight/struggle against st

Đấu tranh chống lại cái gì

From scratch = from the beginning

Ngay từ đấu

From time to time For the time being

Thỉnh thoảng Trong thời gian này

Gain a victory over sb/st

Giành chiến thắng trước ai/cái gì

Gain experience in st

Đạt được kinh nghiệm trong lĩnh vực gì

Gestation period

Thời kỳ thai nghén

Get a discount

Giảm giá, bớt giá, chiết khấu

get access to st

Truy cập vào cái gì

Get one’s permission

Xin phép ai 82

Get/be exposed to

Tiếp xúc với

Give birth to sb

Sinh ra ai

Give one’s love/regard to sb

Gửi lời hỏi thăm tới ai

Give preference to

Thích/chuộng/ưu ái hơn

Go hand in hand with st

Có mối liên hệ chặt chẽ

Go round the bend

Tức giận, cáu kỉnh

Go to one’s head

Khiến ai kiêu ngạo vì nghĩ mình là người quan trọng

Hang out with sb = spend time with sb

La cà với ai

Harbor the dream of

ấp ủ giấc mơ

Have a good relationship with sb

Có mối quan hệ tốt với ai

= get on well with sb = get along with sb = be/keep on good terms with sb 49

Have an interest in st

Có hứng thú/quan tâm tới cái gì

Have attachment to st

Gắn bó với cái gì

Have impact on/influence on/effect on sb/st Có tác động/ảnh hưởng tới ai/cái gì

Have occasion to do st = need to do st

Cần làm gì

Have some days off

Có vài ngày nghỉ

Have st in common

Có cái gì đó chung

Have the legal right to do st

Có quyền làm gì

Have trouble/difficulty (in) doing st

Gặp khó khăn trong việc làm gì

Have/keep (all) one’s wits about sb

Phản ứng nhanh chóng khi điều không mong muốn xảy ra

Hold the belief

Giữ/có niềm tin rằng

Hold/have a conversation with sb

Trò chuyện với ai

Hold/have discussions with sb about/on st

Thảo luận với ai về vấn đề gì

Hook on = be crazy about = absorb in = Nghiện, say mê cái gì get addicted to

Intend to do st = have intention of doing st

Có ý định làm gì

Keep sb awake

Làm cho ai thức

Kick/get rid of habits

Từ bỏ thói quen

lay claim to

Tuyên bố chủ quyền đối với

Lay the table

Dọn bàn

Life span/expectancy

Tuổi thọ

Live in harmony with = coexist peacefully Chung sống hòa bình 83

with 69

Lose/reduce weight

Giảm cân

Gain/ put on weight

Tăng cân

Maintain eye contact with sb

Duy trì giao tiếp bằng mắt với ai

Make a commitment to st/doing st

Tận tụy, tận tâm cho cái gì/làm gì

Make a decision on st

Quyết định cái gì

Make a difference

Tạo ra sự khác biệt

Make comparison

So sánh

Compare sb/st with sb/st

So sánh ai/cái gì với ai/cái gì

Compared to/with sb/st

Được so sánh với ai/cái gì

Make innovation to st

Cải tiến cái gì

Make one’s effort to do st

Cố gắng hết sức để làm gì

Make prediction = predict (v)

Dự đoán

Make progress

Tiến bộ

Make up one's mind

Tự mình quyết định

Meet one’s wishes

Đáp ứng mong mỏi của ai

Meet the challenge

Đương đầu với thách thức

National anthem

Quốc ca

Object to/have objection to

Phản đối

On the flip side = on the other hand

Mặt khác

Pay a heavy price to do st

Trả giá đắt để làm gì

Play a role/part in st

Đóng vai trò trong cái gì

ponder on/upon/over

Suy nghĩ về, cân nhắc về; trầm tư

Pull one’s socks up

Nỗ lực để trở nên tốt hơn

Put pressure on sb/st

Gây áp lực lên ai/cái gì

Realize the dream

Thực hiện giấc mơ

Satisfy one’s need

Thỏa mãn nhu cầu của ai

See the point of = make sense of = Hiểu understand

Sense of self

Cảm xúc, tự ý thức về bản thân

Set a good example to sb

Làm gương tốt cho ai noi theo

Set st in motion = begin st

Bắt đầu cho cái gì

Slow but sure

Chậm mà chắc

Smash hit

Bài hát/bộ phim/vở kịch thành công, nổi tiếng

Social standing

Vị trí xã hội 84

Squeeze in/out/through

Chen lấn

100

Stuck one's neck out = take a risk

Liều lĩnh

101

Suit one’s taste

Phù hợp với thị hiếu của ai

Suit one’s need

Phù hợp với nhu cầu của ai

102

Take a rest = have a break

Nghỉ giải lao

103

Take actions to do st

Hành động làm gì

104

Take advantage of = make use of

Lợi dụng, tận dụng

105

Take measures to do st

Có những biện pháp để làm gì

106

Take naps

Ngủ trưa

107

Take notes = jot down = write down

Ghi chép, viết tóm tắt ý chính

108

Take photos of sb

Chụp ảnh cho ai

109

Take photos of sb/st

Chụp ảnh ai/cái gì

110

Take precautions

Đề phòng, phòng ngừa

111

Take pride in st/sb = be proud of st/sb

Tự hào về về gì/về ai

112

Take/have priority over st = give priority ưu tiên việc gì hơn to st

113

Take/use the occasion to do st

Nhân dịp này để làm gì

114

Tend to do st = have a tendency of doing st

Có xu hướng làm gì

115

Widen one’s knowledge

Mở rộng kiến thức

116

With a view to doing st

Với mục đích làm gì

117

With flying color

Xuất sắc, thành công

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 13 1. He _______ a very positive contribution to the success of the project. A. took B. made C. did D. caused 2. I'm afraid I'm not a very good advertisement for the diet since I've actually _______ on weight! A. get B. take C. catch D. put 3. These measures have been taken _______ increasing the company's profits. A. with a view to B. for fear of C. on purpose D. in order to 4. You must _______ all reasonable precautions to protect yourself and your family. A. take B. do C. make D. cause 5. It's difficult to _______ accurate predictions about the effects on the environment. A. take B. put C. make D. do 6. The search for a new vaccine will _______ priority over all other medical research. A. make B. cause C. take D. do 7. Many people are more interested in job satisfaction than in _______ large amounts of money. A. earning B. causing C. taking D. doing 8. She used to be a heavy smoker but she _______ the habit last year. A. skipped B. kicked C. abandoned D. stopped 9. I got into drugs because I was _______ around with the wrong people. A. hanging B. playing C. bringing D. taking 85

10. At first, Polly and Luna didn't _______ very well, but now they are great friends. A. take on B. get along C. get by D. take over 11. I think you should go _______ a nap. You look like you're about to fall asleep, standing up! A. do B. make C. take D. get 12. The doctor prescribed some pills and told her to _______ a week's rest. A. own B. have C. make D. put 13. He was so exhausted that he _______ asleep at his desk. A. fell B. broke C. made D. dropped 14. The kidney _______ a vital role in the removal of waste products from the blood. A. makes B. plays C. takes D. causes 15. The food is ready - please could you _______ the table for me? A. make B. take C. lay D. hang 16. I'm not sure what flavor I want - I'm still _______ my mind up. A. turning B. making C. staying D. taking 17. I try to _______ an example for my employees by always arriving to work on time, replying to emails and phone calls promptly, and taking care of problems as they arise. A. stand B. put C. set D. bring 18. I've always _______ an interest in astronomy. A. made B. had C. did D. put 19. I _______ no intention of going to her wedding because I am really busy. A. get B. have C. put D. make 20. Barry was _______ of the fact that he had never missed a day's work in his life. A. fond B. famous C. proud D. eager 21. We _______ great pride in offering the best service in town. A. take B. make C. cause D. put 22. We _______ to get cold winters and warm, dry summers in this part of the country. A. appreciate B. tend C. refuse D. agree 23. As we _______ experience of interpreting the data, we were able to work faster. A. achieved B. gained C. applied D. made 24. Students must also do a _______ on a topic of their own choice. A. job B. project C. task D. mission 25. After significant losses last year, the company now _______ the challenge of trying to repair its reputation with investors. A. meets B. comes C. makes D. stands 26. She had the wealth and social _______ to command respect. A. station B. standing C. ranking D. grade 27. We live in an increasingly secular society, in which religion has less and less _______ on our daily lives. A. change B. influence C. power D. outcome 28. I wanted to impress Juliet, so I _______ myself in music by her favorite band. A. turned B. took C. absorbed D. abandoned 29. Can we fix the current computer system, or would it be better to start from _______ with a new system? A. opening B. launch C. scratch D. activation 30. You need a password to get _______ to the computer system. A. touch B. attachment C. link D. access 31. Simon was so _______ in his book that he didn't even notice me come in. A. absorbed B. took C. turned D. addicted 86

32. If you have the vote in an election, you have the legal _______ to indicate your choice. A. attitude B. option C. chance D. Right 33. Fish _______ for survival when the water level drops in the lake. A. struggle B. eager C. compensate D. call 34. Children are being _______ to new dangers on the internet. A. connected B. exposed C. contributed D. addicted 35. The education system must _______ the needs of all children. A. satisfy B. provide C. please D. complete 36. _______ violence can take many forms, including emotional, sexual and physical abuse and threats of abuse. A. Household B. Domestic C. Married D. Internal 37. We _______ preference to those who have worked with us for a long time. A. take B. provide C. give D. form 38. His comments about her size were a bit close to the _______. A. skeleton B. bone C. head D. heart 39. I'll have to work really long hours and be away from my family for long stretches of time, but, on the _______ side, I'll get the opportunity to travel around the world. A. flip B. toss C. verge D. reverse 40. This deal could really help the business get out of debt. Though, on the other _______, you'd just be indebted to the government instead. A. side B. aspect C. hand D. matter 41. I will consult colleagues before _______ a final decision about how to proceed. A. making B. taking C. putting D. getting 42. I _______ no objection to an article discussing a non-mainstream viewpoint. A. make B. have C. take D. put 43. Skilful presenters are good at _______ eye contact with an audience. A. maintaining B. catching C. keeping D. causing 44. We will _______ discussions with employee representatives about possible redundancies. A. make B. put C. keep D. hold 45. We _______ a discussion with them about the differences between Britain and the US. A. made B. took C. had D. caught 46. I carry a notebook so that I can _______ down any ideas. A. take B. jot C. put D. lay 47. Let’s _______ advantage of the good weather and go to the beach. A. make B. take C. keep D. catch 48. It will be a long time before we can begin to make _______ of this tragedy. A. sense B. meaning C. awareness D. impression 49. She's in two _______ about accepting his invitation. A. hands B. eyes C. minds D. heads 50. Police are _______ significant progress in fighting computer crime. A. taking B. keeping C. putting D. making 51. I had considerable _______ in persuading her to leave. A. matter B. difficulty C. problem D. strain 52. Some people _______ beliefs about the world that are not supported by science. A. hold B. keep C. impose D. take 53. The bond offers great benefits for issuers without _______ any harm to investors. A. doing B. putting C. having D. catching 54. I was _______ the misapprehension that the course was for complete beginners. 87

A. at B. upon C. under D. into 55. She's _______ with some amazing scheme to double her income. A. showed up B. come up C. turned up D. made up 56. One day he chanced _______ Emma's diary and began reading it. A. at B. upon C. into D. across 57. He's a little slow on the _______, so you may have to repeat the instructions a few times. A. uptake B. intake C. outtake D. retake 58. It's a lovely little place to visit, but I'd go round the _______ if I had to live there. A. beach B. bridge C. border D. bend 59. He was against the idea to start with, but he soon changed his _______ when he realized how much money he'd get. A. voice B. head C. ear D. tune 60. The only reason she stays late at work is to receive a pat on the _______ from her boss. A. head B. shoulder C. back D. bone 61. I was worried that I wouldn't fit on the train after so many people got on ahead of me, but I managed to _______ in just before it departed. A. turn B. squeeze C. succeed D. make 62. You have to _______ some risks to be successful in business and in life, but don't _______ your neck out for no good reason. A. take -stick B. make - glue C. do - adhere D. cause - stick 63. Cycling is potentially very dangerous in the city - you have to _______ your wits about you. A. take B. keep C. make D. control 64. Let's just stay focused on this for the _______ being. We can address other issues later in the meeting. A. time B. moment C. phase D. stage 65. Our small company has been growing by _______ over the past year, thanks in no small part to our aggressive new marketing campaign. A. leaps and bounds B. here and there C. time to time D. once in a blue moon 66. It's going to be slow but _______ writing my thesis, as I have to balance my part-time job with my research. A. certain B. sure C. definite D. stable 67. Ford is definitely not a man to let a little success go to his _______. He knows he still has a lot to learn A. mind B. brain C. head D. face 68. He's going to have to pull his _______ up if he wants to stay in the team. A. shoes B. socks C. sandal D. hat 69. A number of companies have been putting _______ on politicians to ease up on corporate taxes and regulations. A. burden B. weight C. pressure D. strain 70. We must _______ action to deal with the problem before it spreads to other areas. A. make B. take C. convey D. spread 71. Recent discoveries about corruption have _______ serious damage to the company's reputation. A. taken B. done C. put D. kept 72. The agency has put an end to new efforts to _______ of hazardous waste in sensitive environmental areas. A. emit B. throw C. cast D. dispose 73. The prices are so much cheaper over there that I always feel like I'm _______ things at a discount. A. making B. getting C. putting D. keeping 88

74. A variety of dishes were available to _______ all tastes. A. match B. fix C. suit D. please 75. Exercise can _______ a big difference to your state of health. A. cause B. make C. change D. take 76. Our company works _______ with market research firms to ensure that our clients' advertising reaches the broadest and most well suited audiences possible. A. hand in hand B. cash in hand C. at hand D. all hands on deck 77. That she passed the exam with flying _______ made her parents proud of her. A. colors B. clouds C. marks D. Points 78. The local clubs are _______ every effort to interest more young people. A. inventing B. making C. taking D. causing 79. I know you're discouraged about having to look for a new job, but take the _______ to consider different areas of work that you might be interested in. A. occasion B. opportunity C. prospect D. chance 80. Festivities came to a(n) _______ well after the sun had risen the next morning. A. final B. death C. point D. end 81. We had to _______ permission from the city to build an extension to our house. A. get B. take C. earn D. offer 82. I'm sorry I can't be there, but please give my _______ to Grandma. A. heart B. admiration C. love D. gratitude 83. We are looking forward to a _______ crop. A. wealthy B. bumper C. successful D. hard 84. They aim to offer a wide _______ of online services for travellers. A. number B. amount C. quantity D. range 85. We cannot afford to take risks when people's lives are at _______. A. danger B. stake C. threat D. matter 86. I was forced to sign the agreement _______ my will. A. against B. oppose C. reverse D. into 87. Once the printing processes have been _______ in motion, they're not so easy to stop. A. made B. set C. kept D. caused 88. The Japanese government has taken various _______ against the new coronavirus, including requesting school closures and event cancellations. A. efforts B. measures C. determination D. methods 89. Angela _______ birth to a beautiful baby girl last night. A. took B. did C. gave D. made 90. The gestation _______ of a horse is about eleven months. A. phase B. stage C. period D. incubation 91. Life _______ in Europe increased greatly in the 20th century. A. expectancy B. expectation C. hope D. standard 92. He _______ in love with a young German student. A. dropped B. fell C. collapsed D. rose 93. It is difficult to _______ a comparison with her previous book- they are completely different. A. create B. cause C. take D. make 94. Children seem to learn more interesting things compared _______ when we were at school. A. to B. on C. at D. upon 95. I _______ no interest in seeing the movie. A. make B. have C. take D. keep 96. The office was so hot I nearly _______ off at my desk. 89

A. took B. went C. dozed D. got 97. You’ve _______ some weight since the last time I saw you. A. missed B. lost C. forgotten D. seized 98. I hope you _______ the point of everything your mother and I do for you! A. view B. watch C. observe D. see 99. You should _______ careful note of what she tells you because she knows their strategy well. A. make B. take C. do D. get 100. These organizations have fought very hard _______ the rights and welfare of immigrants. A. about B. with C. for D. upon

NHỮNG CỤM TỪ CỐ ĐỊNH TRONG CHƯƠNG TRÌNH LỚP 11 STT

Cấu trúc

Nghĩa

A single-sex school

Trường học chỉ cho Nam hoặc cho Nữ

A wide range/variety of

Nhiều

Achieve a goal

Đạt mục tiêu

An opposite-sex friend

Người bạn khác giới

At a loss

Lúng túng, bối rối, luống cuống

At risk of = in danger of

Có nguy cơ

Attract one’s attention

Thu hút sự chú ý

Attribute st to st

nói/nghĩ một điều gì đó là kết quả của cái gì

Be in a romantic relationship

Quan hệ yêu đương

Be on display

Được trưng bày

Be/get in trouble with sb/st = have Gặp rắc rối với ai/cái gì trouble with sb/st

Be/keep on good terms with sb

Có mối quan hệ tốt với ai, hòa hợp với ai

= have a good relationship with sb = get on well with sb 13

Break a record

Phá kỷ lục

Break rules

Phá vỡ quy định, quy tắc

Cheat in the exam

Gian lận trong thi cử

Do workout/exercise

Luyện tập, tập thể dục

Donate st to sb/st = make a donation to Quyên góp cái gì cho ai/cái gì sb/st

Follow in one’s footsteps

Tiếp bước ai

Follow one's advice

Nghe theo lời khuyên của ai

For the purpose of

Vì mục đích

Get into conflict with sb

Mâu thuẫn với ai

Get one’s permission to do st

Xin phép ai làm gì 90

Get over = recover from

Vượt qua, bình phục

Grow in popularity

Lan rộng, phổ biến

Have (no) objection to doing st

(không) phản đối làm gì

Object to doing st

Phản đối làm gì

Have a date with sb

Hẹn hò với ai

Have attitudes to/towards

Có thái độ đối với

Have confidence in sb

Tin tưởng vào ai

Have opportunities to do st

Có cơ hội làm gì

In accordance with

Phù hợp, theo đúng (cái gì)

In ruins >< intact

Bị phá hủy hoàn toàn >< còn nguyên vẹn

In the company of sb

Đồng hành cùng ai

In vain

Vô ích

Increase the risk of st

Làm tăng nguy cơ về cái gì

Judge sb by one’s appearance

Đánh giá ai qua vẻ bề ngoài

Keep fit = stay healthy

Khỏe mạnh/ cân đối

Keep sb occupied = make sb busy

Khiến ai đó bận rộn

Keep/catch up with

Đuổi kịp, theo kịp

Launch a campaign to do st

Phát động một chiến dịch để làm gì

Lead an independent life

Có cuộc sống độc lập

Lend an ear sympathetic to sb

Lắng nghe ai một cách cảm thông

Make a fuss

Làm ấm ĩ

Make a promise to do st = promise to Hứa làm gì do st

Make discovery = discover

Khám phá, phát hiện

Make friends with sb

Kết bạn với ai

Make improvement

Cải tiến

Make jokes about st = make fun of sb

Trêu chọc, châm chọc về điều gì

Make plans

Lên kế hoạch

Make sense of = understand

Hiểu

Make st clear to sb

Giúp ai hiểu cái gì

Make up one's mind

Quyết định

Change one’s mind

Thay đổi ý định

Make way/room for

Nhường chỗ, dọn chỗ cho

Mark a milestone

Đánh dấu một cột mốc

Meet face to face

Gặp mặt trực tiếp

Meet/miss deadlines

Kịp/lỡ hạn 91

On a diet

ăn kiêng

Raise awareness of st

Nâng cao nhận thức về cái gì

Raise awareness of/about st

Nâng cao nhận thức về cái gì

Save one’s lives

Cứu sống/cứu mạng

See the point of st/doing st = Hiểu được tầm quan trọng hay lý do cho cái gì understand the importance of or the reason for st

Set (sb) a goal

Đặt ra mục tiêu (cho ai)

Set a new world record

Thiết lập kỷ lục thế giới mới

Set a time for sb

Lên lịch/quy định về thời gian cho ai làm gì

Show respect for sb/st

Thể hiện sự tôn trọng đối với ai/cái gì

Sit for = take an examination

Tham gia vào kì thi

Start a relationship with sb = strike up Bắt đầu mối quan hệ với ai a friendship with sb

Stay awake

Stick to = adhere to = obey = follow = Tuân theo, theo abide by = conform to/with = comply with

Study abroad

Đi du học

Take a gap year

Take prescription medicine

Dùng thuốc theo đơn

Take/do a course

Tham gia vào một khóa học

Enroll for/in/on a course

Đăng ký một khóa học

Try/do one’s best (to do st)

Cố gắng hết sức (làm gì)

Under the weather = off color

Không được khỏe

Under treatment of

Đang chữa trị

Win the medal in st

Giành huy chương trong lĩnh vực gì

Thức

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 14 1. He will get really jealous if his girlfriend _______ up a friendship with another man. A. holds B. strikes C. makes D. puts 2. I find it so difficult to _______ awake during history lessons. A. make B. let C. get D. stay 3. My father was an engineer, and I plan to _______ in his footsteps and study engineering in college. 92

A. chase B. track C. follow D. return 4. My colleagues _______ a sympathetic ear to my complaints but could do nothing to help. A. lent B. paid C. sent D. took 5. I am really excited that I will _______ a date with Camilla on Friday night. A. keep B. take C. have D. make 6. Bill is on good _______ with the people he works with. A. terms B. marks C. points D. deals 7. The other children were always _______ fun of him because he was fat and wore glasses. A. taking B. making C. having D. getting 8. Parents often have trouble _______ good carers for their children. A. to find B. being found C. finding D. to finding 9. I will consult colleagues before _______ a final decision about how to proceed. A. making B. doing C. taking D. keeping 10. I have complete confidence _______ her. She'll be perfect for the job. A. at B. on C. about D. in 11. We had to _______ permission from the city to build an extension to our house. A. earn B. get C. take D. make 12. You should _______ a time limit for your studying each night. A. fix B. set C. install D. make 13. Anyone caught _______ will be automatically disqualified from the examination. A. stealing B. losing C. cheating D. trailing 14. She found herself in conflict _______ her parents over her future career. A. about B. on C. towards D. with 15. I had a pleasant evening in the _______ of friends last night. A. head B. company C. pair D. corporation 16. I deal with customers on the phone and rarely meet them _______. A. head to head B. face to face C. ear to ear D. heart to heart 17. Right then and there, I _______ up my mind that I would become a police officer when I grew up. A. took B. faced C. made D. put 18. If you _______ your mind about coming tonight, just give me a call. A. alter B. transfer C. tailor D. change 19. She was worried that they would not _______ the deadline and that penalties would be imposed. A. reach B. meet C. rush D. lose 20. Most people _______ the people just by looking at their appearances because that's the first thing visible to us. A. judge B. complain C. appraise D. abandon 21. You're not the star player on the team, but you always _______ your best, which encourages the rest of us to do the same. A. take B. do C. put D. keep 22. Your behavior is absolutely unacceptable. I'm at a _______ as to what to do with you. A. loss B. fuss C. miss D. failure 23. Sarah has a lot more experience than me in this aspect of the business, so I tend _______ to her opinions on such matters. A. deferring B. to defer C. being deferred D. to be deferred 24. Since I passed the entrance exam to university with flying colors, I have had to live far from my family and _______ my independent life. A. led B. made C. taken D. reached 25. It’s hard to _______ friends as an adult because most of us are pretty set in our 93

ways. We have our friends, our routines, and it's hard to deviate from them. A. strike B. invent C. install D. make 26. The sales team have _______ themselves a series of goals to achieve by the end of the month. A. set B. put C. made D. kept 27. If we could all _______ an effort to keep this office tidier it would help. A. take B. make C. create D. cause 28. She _______ a few half-hearted attempts to join in their conversation. A. created B. did C. took D. made 29. Globally, the results show that a large proportion of people in the surveys _______ a positive attitude towards the idea of having intelligent service robots as small 'domestic machines'. A. form B. have C. keep D. show 30. The university has _______ a campus-wide campaign to reduce use of fossil fuel A. launched B. published C. made D. invented 31. The campaign has certainly succeeded in _______ public awareness of the issue. A. launching B. creating C. reaching D. raising 32. A recent survey found that private investors are two and a half times more likely to _______ advice in a newspaper column than from a financial adviser. A. chase B. pursue C. follow D. abide 33. I'd like to _______ a small donation in my mother's name. A. devote B. dedicate C. make D. create 34. Do you think I'll be able to _______ my goal of losing five kilos before the summer? A. complete B. finish C. break D. achieve 35. In their senseless killing of innocent people, the terrorists have _______ their lack of respect for human life. A. proved B. shown C. broke D. put 36. Many people have difficulty _______ rebuilding their lives when they come out of prison. A. at B. on C. in D. towards 37. The suspect's statement is not in _______ with the information witnesses have given us. A. match B. suit C. fix D. accordance 38. He _______ a very generous contribution to our church restoration appeal. A. shown B. made C. reached D. took 39. Some beautiful old buildings were torn down to make _______ for the new parking garage. A. road B. path C. route D. way 40. Certain chemicals have been banned because of their _______ effect on the environment. A. complete B. thorough C. accurate D. severe 41. You'll have the opportunity _______ any questions at the end. A. asking B. to asking C. being asked D. to ask 42. The equipment could be used for a(n) _______ of educational purposes. A. amount B. little C. variety D. area 43. The reason _______ the disaster was engine failure, not human error. A. into B. about C. at D. for 44. She’s doing extra work to _______ up with the rest of the class. A. come B. make C. catch D. put 45. There's an Egyptian art collection on _______ at the museum at the moment. A. display B. illustration C. demonstration D. network 46. After so many years of neglect, the house is practically _______ ruins. A. at B. under C. about D. in 47. The college principal promised _______ into the matter. 94

A. to look B. looking C. being looked D. to be looked 48. The two scientists both _______ the same discovery independently, at roughly the same time. A. took B. made C. kept D. invented 49. My doctor put me _______ a diet of nothing but fruits, vegetables, and nuts. A. up B. at C. on D. into 50. The power failure was _______ to the recent storms and high winds. A. blamed B. complained C. acclaimed D. attributed 51. Life _______ for both men and women has improved greatly in the past 20 years. A. expectancy B. measure C. dimension D. expectation 52. Because Donna refuses to _______ by her parents' rules, I worry that she'll be told to move out of their house. A. obey B. comply C. abide D. follow 53. There are serious penalties for failure to _______ with the regulations. A. follow B. obey C. abide D. comply 54. College coaches have to _______ to the rules about recruiting high school students. A. abide B. comply C. adhere D. dedicate 55. I tried to convince the other board members, but my efforts were in _______, and they outvoted me. A. time B. vain C. ruin D. hope 56. He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he'll _______ over it. A. go B. take C. think D. get 57. People with chronic conditions or compromised immune systems will _______ the risk of more serious illness if they are infected with coronavirus. A. raise B. elevate C. increase D. foster 58. _______ healthy by eating well and exercising regularly. A. Turn B. Lead C. Appear D. Stay 59. I was under the _______ last week, but I'm feeling much better now. A. sky B. star C. cloud D. weather 60. She _______ a 20-minute workout every morning to keep fit and stay healthy. A. makes B. keeps C. does D. takes 61. Endangered animals are animals that are in _______ of becoming extinct. This means that there will be no more of these animals alive on earth. A. risk B. threat C. danger D. verge 62. Putting up some new wallpaper has _______ all the difference to the place. A. made B. created C. taken D. kept 63. We don’t get on well with each other because we don't really _______ much in common. A. get B. take C. turn D. have 64. I really admire Jame’s talent because she _______ a new world record in the high jump. A. get B. set C. own D. make 65. "Born This Way" went on to _______ the record for the fastest selling song in iTunes history. A. demolish B. reach C. break D. leak 66. That she _______ a gold medal in the Olympics made her parent proud of her. A. attained B. got C. owned D. won 67. He learnt Chinese for the _______ of starting a business there. A. fear B. aim C. view D. purpose 68. The event has _______ a lot of media attention. A. reached B. gotten C. attracted D. had 69. Organized sports can _______ teenagers occupied. 95

A. remain B. maintain C. keep D. Make 70. This voyage _______ an important milestone in the history of exploration. A. set B. broke C. marked D. reached

NHỮNG CỤM TỪ CỐ ĐỊNH TRONG CHƯƠNG TRÌNH LỚP 12 STT

Cấu trúc

Adopt a green lifestyle

Nghĩa có lối sống "xanh", vì môi trường

Against the rules Break the rules

Phạm luật, phạm quy

Ask permission to do st

Xin phép làm gì

Be in danger of = be at stake of At stake = at risk = in danger = in jeopardy

Có nguy cơ bị làm sao Bị đe dọa, gặp nguy hiểm

Commit fouls

Phạm lỗi(trong thể thao)

Compliment sb on st Pay sb compliment

Khen ai đó về cái gì Khen ai đó

Create/make/give a good impression on sb

Tạo ấn tượng tốt cho ai

Damage one's reputation

Hủy hoại danh tiếng của ai

Decide to do st = make a decision to do st

Quyết định làm gì

Devote one’s life to st/doing st

Cống hiến cả cuộc đời cho cái gì/làm gì

Discuss st = have a discussion about st

Thảo luận về cái gì

Do an impression of sb/st

Bắt chước ai/cái gì

Enact laws to do st

Ban hành luật để làm gì

Express/show one’s interest

Bày tỏ sự quan tâm/hứng thú

Find faults with st

Bắt lỗi với cái gì

Gain one’s independence

Giành được độc lập của mình

Get/have the impression that = be under the impression

Có cảm giác/cảm tưởng rằng

Give sb a hand = lend sb a helping hand

Giúp ai

Have a huge influence on st

Có ảnh hưởng lớn đến cái gì

Have a natural ability to do st

Có khả năng thiên bẩm để làm gì

Hesitate to do st = Have hesitation in doing st

Do dự làm gì

Hold someone's attention/interest = keep sb interested in st

Khiến cho ai hứng thú/quan tâm/chú ý tới cái gì

Hurt one’s feeling

Làm tổn thương ai

Immediate benefits

Lợi ích trước mắt

In a word In other words In so many words By word of mouth

Nói ngắn gọn Nói cách khác Nói đúng như vậy, nói toạc ra Bằng lời nói; truyền khẩu

Join hands = work together

Chung tay

Lose one’s temper

Mất bình tĩnh 96

Make a list of st

Lập danh sách cái gì

Make a mistake

Mắc sai lầm

Make an appointment with sb

Hẹn với ai

Make criticism

Chỉ trích, phê bình

Make judgment

Phán xét/đánh giá

Make noise

Gây ra tiếng ồn

Make one’s way = walk/travel

Đi/di chuyển tới

Make presentation

Thuyết trình

Make use of

Tận dụng

Make/earn a living

Kiếm sống

Meet one’s need/demand Meet the requirement

Đáp ứng nhu cầu Đáp ứng nhu cầu

Miss a chance to do st

Lỡ mất cơ hội làm gì

On a wide/massive scale

Trên quy mô rộng lớn

Pay attention to sb/st

Chú ý tới ai/cái gì

Play an important role/part in st

Đóng vai trò quan trọng trong cái gì

Pose threat to sb/st

Đe dọa tới ai/cái gì

Prepare for st = make preparation for st

Chuẩn bị cho cái gì

Promote one’s cultural image

Quảng bá hình ảnh văn hóa

Raise awareness

Nâng cao nhận thức

Repair the damage

Khắc phục những thiệt hại

Run the household

Quán xuyến gia đình

Sense of humor

Tính hài hước

Sense of responsibility

Ý thức trách nhiệm

Switch off = stop giving your attention to sb or st

Ngừng chú ý đến ai/cái gì

Take advantage of

Tận dụng, lợi dụng

Take st for granted

Coi cái gì đó là hiển nhiên, đương nhiên

Take/assume the responsibility for st/doing st = be responsible for st/doing st

Chịu trách nhiệm cho cái gì/làm gì

Try/attempt to do st = make an effort to do st Try doing st = have a go to do st

Cố gắng làm gì Thử làm gì

Under pressure Put pressure on sb/st

Chịu áp lực Gây áp lực cho ai/cái gì

Win a place at + somewhere

Vào được đâu

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 15 1. They made a decision ________ the city. A. leaving B. leave C. to leave D. left 2. Since I passed the entrance exam to university with flying colors, I had to live far from my family and ________ my independent life. A. led B. run C. found D. kicked 97

3. In order to ________ other's attention, we can use either verbal or non-verbal form of communication. A. attract B. occur C. pay D. give 4. If you don’t ________ attention to the teacher, you won’t understand the lesson. A. move B. pay C. bring D. cause 5. I'm trying to ________ an effort to keep in touch with my family more often. A. spend B. prevent C. receive D. make 6. In my family, both my parents ________ to give us a nice house and a happy home. A. join hands B. get out C. shake hands D. clutch hands 7. Marcia has taught her children to ________ a hand when it comes to cleaning up after meals. A. do B. lend C. pick D. stand 8. Although he was not blamed, he took responsibility ________ the production mistakes. A. about B. with C. for D. at 9. My mother takes responsibility for ________ the household. A. thinking B. asking C. paying D. running 10. She admitted that she had ________ a mistake. A. made B. create C. build D. turn 11. People who like art can ________ a course in painting. A. run B. make C. take D. buy 12. Lucy is ________ for permission to play the guitar at Pete's home. A. finding B. changing C. asking D. throwing 13. I'm trying to win a place ________ university, so I am under a lot of study pressure. A. at B. in C. on D. for 14. Ms. Kim doesn’t work very well when she's ________ pressure. A. for B. at C. under D. in 15. It took me a little while to realize that he was ________ me a compliment. A. making B. paying C. looking D. showing 16. I ________ an appointment with the doctor for late today. A. made B. attained C. added D. got 17. We should make full use ________ the Internet as it is an endless source of information. A. of B. in C. with D. from 18. I've been preparing ________ the Olympics for the last four years. A. from B. through C. for D. to 19. It is vital to create a good impression ________ your interviewer. A. on B. with C. at D. for 20. I was ________ the impression that you didn't get on too well. A. above B. along C. across D. under 21. My friend is good at mimicking people. He ________ a great impression of Charlie Chaplin. A. took B. did C. gave D. paid 22. Customers are ________ a lot of interest in this new design. A. showing B. setting C. laying D. fixing 23. A sense of ________ makes a girl beautiful. A. humour B. humorously C. humourousity D. humourless 24. Show your interviewer your sense ________ responsibility for work. A. for B. from C. at D. of 25. Computers and telecommunication are bound to have a huge influence ________ various aspects of our life. A. about B. over C. on D. upon 98

26. Would you like to ________ a contribution towards a present for Linda? A. give B. make C. do D. have 27. Several animals are in ________ of extinction. We should find ways to protect them. A. dangerous B. danger C. dangerously D. endanger 28. The guidelines are an important tool for ________ awareness about current management thinking. A. picking B. becoming C. raising D. deciding 29. Governments have ________ laws to protect wildlife from over-hunting. A. enforced B. enacted C. observed D. required 30. She ________ a list of what to do so as not to forget anything. A. fell B. made C. saw D. carried 31. All the orders were given by word of ________ so that no written evidence could be discovered later. A. mouth B. ear C. hand D. head 32. If a defender ________ a foul within the five meter area that prevents a likely goal, the attacking team is awarded a penalty throw or shot. A. interferes B. punches C. touches D. commits 33. Parents may think that fashionable clothes which teens want to wear ________ the rules and norms of the society. A. do B. see C. break D. shell 34. Don’t hesitate ________ for help if you don’t understand the directions. A. to ask B. ask C. asking D. to asking 35. It's only a small flat but it ________ my needs perfectly. A. meet B. target C. build D. prepare 36. I have been very patient up to this point, but I am going to ________ my temper if you don’t find my baggage immediately. A. have B. lose C. take D. keep 37. Yesterday, we had a discussion ________ different cultures. A. around B. for C. from D. about 38. Most great speakers have a ________ ability to display the skills and effectiveness that can help to engage and move an audience for whatever purpose. A. nature B. naturally C. natural D. naturalize 39. She decided to remain celibate and devote her life ________ helping the homeless and orphans. A. for B. in C. to D. on 40. She ________ advantage of the children's absence to tidy their rooms. A. took B. kept C. showed D. turned 41. It’s hard to ________ their attention for more than 15 minutes. A. like B. lay C. hold D. tell 42. People may use stories about our private life in order to ________ our reputation A. read B. damage C. say D. know 43. He's too quick to ________ judgments about other people. A. make B. do C. accept D. choose 44. ________ criticism in good time; don't get into the habit of criticizing only after the event. A. Hear B. Write C. Make D. Share 45. She is always ________ fault with her husband. A. leaving B. showing C. getting D. finding 46. If you don’t want to ________ the chance, make a decision soon. A. make B. send C. stop D. miss 47. It will take many years to ________ the damage caused by the floods. 99

A. repair B. help C. turn D. pay 48. Ms. Walters was about to ________ a presentation on how to increase revenue when I entered the room. A. keep B. tell C. make D. say 49. If he gets bored, he just switches ________ and looks out the window. A. off B. about C. to D. in 50. If the drought continues, deaths will occur on a massive ________. A. scale B. level C. extent D. number 51. Everyone should have the means to ________ their own living. A. earn B. know C. open D. add 52. To avoid declaring bankruptcy, the company took extreme ________, including downsizing the total staff by 15 percent. A. measurable B. measures C. measuring D. measurements 53. Exercise ________ an important role in the retention of bone density in an aging person. A. plays B. appears C. allows D. uses 54. Last Sunday, the Youth Union ________ a campaign to help students with disabilities. A. has launched B. was launching C. was launched D. launched 55. She didn't ________ much of a contribution at today's meeting, did she? A. make B. call C. try D. come 56. In additional to their ________ benefits, using pure functions provides valuable experience in thinking about problems from a functional transformation perspective. A. immediately B. immeasurable C. immediacy D. immediate 57. The students were deported because they posed a ________ to national security. A. irritation B. annoyance C. threat D. fear 58. People should ________ green lifestyle to help conserve the natural resources. A. adopt B. adapt C. adjoin D. adjust 59. The plenitude of our natural resources has resulted in most people taking them ________ for most of human history. A. into consideration B. easy C. into account D. for granted 60. Mexico ________ its independence from Spain in 1821. A. followed B. showed C. knew D. gained 61. You ________ a tendency to avoid arguments. A. do B. have C. get D. make 62. Taking part in different activities of the festival, group members get together, have fun, and ________ their cultural image. A. lose B. spend C. promote D. give 63. They ________ their way towards the centre/center of the town. A. built B. made C. fell D. cut 64. Please don't ________ so much noise. I am working. A. carry B. make C. lead D. move 65. Please lower your voice. I'd rather now have our personal problems ________ display for the entire neighborhood to see. A. off B. about C. to D. on

13. CÁC CẤP SO SÁNH 100

Các loại so sánh

Công thức Thể khẳng định: S1 + V + as + adj/adv + as + S2 + V

Ví dụ She is as beautiful as her mother. She learns as well as her sister does.

Thể phủ định: S1 + V(phủ định) + as/so + adj/adv + as + S2 + V

This exercise is not as/ so difficult as I think (it is). He doesn’t study as/so hard as I do/me.

So sánh bằng (as...as)

Với danh từ đếm được: S1 + V + as many/few + N(số nhiều) + as + S2 + V Với danh từ không đếm được: SI + V + as much/ little + N(không đếm được) + as + S2+ V So sánh gấp nhiều lần: S + V + multiple numbers + as + much/ many/ adj + (N) + as + N/ pronoun * Multiple numbers là những số như half/ twice/ 3,4,5...times; Phân số; Phần trăm.

We have as few problems to solve as yesterday. I don’t have as much money as you do.

In many countries in the world with the same job, women only get 40 - 50% as much as salary as men.

Thế nào là tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn? Tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn là những tính từ/ trạng từ có 1 âm tiết như: big (to), small (nhỏ), hot (nóng), cold (lạnh), thin (gầy), fat (béo),....và có 2 âm tiết tận cùng là 1 trong 5 đuôi sau: - y: happy (hạnh phúc), easy (dễ dàng), early (sớm), heavy (nặng), lazy (lười biếng)... - er: clever (thông minh, lanh lợi). - le: single (độc thân), simple (đơn giản). - ow: narrow (hẹp). - et: quiet (yên tĩnh). So sánh hơn (adj-er/ more...than)

Lưu ý: những tính từ / trạng từ 2 âm tiết tận cùng là đuôi -y chỉ được coi là tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn khi bản thân nó có đuôi -y. Ví dụ: lovely (đáng yêu) là tính từ dài vì nó được cấu tạo bởi (love + ly => lovely). quickly (nhanh) là trạng từ dài vì nó được cấu tạo bởi (quick + ly => quickly). Thế nào là tính từ/ trạng từ dài? Tính từ/ trạng từ dài là những tính từ/ trạng từ có từ 2 âm tiết trở lên nhưng không phải 1 trong 5 đuôi kể trên, như: beautiful (xinh đẹp), handsome (đẹp trai), intelligent (thông minh), hard-working (chăm chỉ) so sánh hơn với tính từ và trạng từ ngắn: S1 + V + adj/adv + er + than + S2 + V

She looks happier than (she did) yesterday. 101

so sánh hơn với tính từ và trạng từ dài: S1 + V + more + adj/adv + than + S2 + V

She is more beautiful than her sister.

So sánh hơn với danh từ:

She has more money than me.

S1 + V + more + N + than + S2+ V Với tính từ và trạng từ ngắn: S + V + the + adj/adv + est + (N) + .... So sánh nhất (the adjest/most + adj)

Với tính từ và trạng từ dài: S + V + the + most + adj/adv + (N) +… Với danh từ:

So sánh lũy tiến (càng...càng)

So sánh đồng tiến (càng... thì càng)

My mother is the most beautiful (woman) in the world. He is a billionaire. He has the most money.

S + V + the + most + N + ....

Ngoại lệ

He is the tallest (student) in my class.

Tính từ/ trạng từ

Nghĩa

Dạng so sánh hơn

Dạng so sánh nhất

good/well

tốt, giỏi

better

the best

bad

tệ, tồi, dốt

worse

the worst

much/many

nhiều

the most

little

ít

less

least

far

farther/further

farthest/furthest

old

già, cũ

older/elder

oldest/eldest

Với tính từ ngắn: Adj + er + and + adj + er

The summer is coming. It gets hotter and hotter.

Với tính từ dài: more/less and more/less + adj

She is more and more attractive.

Với danh từ: more and more + N

There are more and more people moving to big cities to look for jobs.

The + (so sánh hơn) adj/ adv+S + V, the (so sánh hơn) adj/adv + S + V

The more difficult the exercise is, the more interesting it is.

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 16 1. The more ideas you have, _______ you will develop. A. the projects more

B. the more projects

C. projects more

D. more projects

2. _______ Elton John became, the more difficult it was for him to avoid reporters. 102

A. The most famous

B. The more famous

C. The more famously D. More famous

3. _______ are becoming fed up with the corruption in government. A. More and more

B. More people and more people

C. More and less people

D. More and more people

4. In many countries in the world with the same job, women only get _______ as men. A. 40%-50% many salary

B. 40%-50% as much salary

C. 40%-50% as many salary

D. 40%-50% much salary

5. The more carefully you plan, _______ the result will be. A. better

B. the more well

C. better and better

D. the better

6. The more flowers you grow, _______ your garden will be. A. more pretty

B. the more pretty

C. the prettier

D. prettier

7. It’s becoming _______ to find a job. A. more and more

B. more harder and more harder

C. less and less

D. harder and harder

8. Many teenagers like facebooking _______ doing sport. A. more than

B. much as

C. least than

D. so much as

9. The more forests we cut down, _______ the Earth becomes. A. the hotter

B. the hottest

C. the most hotly

D. the hoter

10. The harder you work, _______ you will obtain results. A. the more rapidly

B. more rapidly than

C. the more rapid

D. the most rapidly

11. It gets _______ when the winter is coming. A. cold and cold

B. the coldest and coldest

C. colder and colder

D. more and more cold

12. The cuisine of France is _______. A. more famous than that of England

B. famous than the cuisine of England

C. more famous than which of England

D. as famous than that of England

13. The more money he makes, _______ things he buys. A. more expensive

B. the more expensive

C. most expensive

D. the most expensive

14. She doesn't really like vodka, so the _______ a bottle you find, the _______ it will be for us! A. smaller /cheap

B. smaller / cheaper

C. small / cheaper

D. smaller / good

15. His computer can download files _______ their computer does. A. as faster as

B. as fastly as

C. as much fast as

D. as fast as

16. The larger the apartment is, the _______ its price is. A. high

B. higher

C. highest

D. more highly

C. less and less

D. as few as

17. He becomes _______ interested in politics. A. less

B. fewer and fewer

18. The ‘Silver Arrow’ will be _______ in the world when it is built. A. train faster than

B. the train fastest

C. the fastest train

D. faster train than

19. Her motor is _______ mine. 103

A. as big as twice

B. as two time big as

C. twice as big as

D. as twice big as

20. The more educated women are, _______ they marry. A. later

B. the more late

C. the later

D. the more later

21. This yoghurt _______ the one I bought yesterday. A. does not taste as better as

B. does not taste as good as

C. does not taste better as

D. does not taste good as

22. In the UK, the streets are _______ than in the USA. A. more narrow generally

B. generally more narrow

C. narrower generally

D. generally narrower

23. The team _______ it was five years ago. A. is still as best as

B. is still as good as

C. is as still best as

D. is as still good as

C. the fewer

D. more

24. The older he gets, _______ friends he has. A. less

B. the less

25. The more active you are, _______ you will have. A. less cardiovascular problems

B. the less cardiovascular problems

C. more cardiovascular problems

D. the fewer cardiovascular problems

26. She plays the piano _______ as her sister does. A. as beautifully

B. more beautifully

C. as beautiful

D. the most beautifully

27. The streets are getting more and _______ these days. A. crowded

B. less crowded

C. more crowded

D. most crowded

28. She has _______ than most people. A. as much problems

B. most problems

C. as many problems

D. more problems

29. You must explain your problems _______. A. as clear as you can

B. as clearly as you can

C. as clear than you are

D. as clearly as you are

30. The bicycle costs _______ the other one. A. three times as much as

B. third as much as

C. third as much

D. three times as much

31. The richer you are, _______. A. you may become more worried

B. you more worried may become

C. the more worried you may become

D. the more worry you may become

32. Is the North Sea _______ than the Mediterranean Sea? A. more big

B. bigger

C. more biger

D. biger

33. Of the three courses I did, this one is _______ interesting. A. the hardest and more

B. harder but more

C. the harder but more

D. the hardest but most

34. December is _______ month of the year in my country. A. coldest than

B. the coldest

C. the colder

D. colder than

35. The more I concentrate, _______ my answers are. 104

A. the more accurate

B. the most accurate

C. more accurate

D. the accurater

36. Of the two films we watched yesterday. Titanic is _______. A. the more interesting

B. the most interesting

C. better interesting

D. as interesting

37. His house is a bit _______ than a hotel. A. more comfortable

B. more comfortabler

C. the most comfortable

D. comfortabler

38. Who is _______ person in your country? A. powerfuler

B. most power

C. the most powerful D. more powerful than

39. The more the sales assistant explains, _______ I understand. A. the little

B. less

C. the less

D. more

40. _______ you begin to learn a language, the easier it is. A. The younger

B. Younger

C. The youngest

D. Youngest

41. _______, the more serious the problems become. A. The more raining it is

B. The more it rains

C. The less raining it is

D. The less it rains

42. There are _______ choosing English as a major. A. more and more

B. more students and more students

C. more and more students

D. few and few students

43. He spoke for over an hour and his explanation got _______. A. more and more complicated

B. complicated and complicated

C. more complicated and more

D. more complicated

44. _______ candidates there were, the more difficult the exam was. A. More

B. The less

C. Less

D. The more

45. _______ you walk, _______ you will be. A. Further / most exhausted

B. The farther / more exhausted

C. The further / the most exhausted

D. The farther / the more exhausted

46. A quick look would reveal that France has twice _______ computers. A. as many televisions as

B. more televisions than

C. as many as televisions

D. many as televisions as

47. Tet holiday is _______ Vietnamese traditional festival that he's ever attended. A. the most interesting

B. more interesting

C. so interesting as

D. the more interesting

48. _______ you prepare for the exam, the _______ you will be. A. The earlier / more successfully

B. The more early / the more successful

C. The earliest / the most successful

D. The earlier / the more successful

49. He had an accident last year. Now, he drives _______ than before. A. the most carefully

B. as carefully

C. more carefully

D. more careful

50. _______ you consume, the more exercise you need to do to burn them. 105

A. More calories

B. The more calories

C. Calorier

D. The calorier

14. Trật tự tính từ 1. Quy tắc Khi dùng từ 2 tính từ trở lên để miêu tả cho một danh từ, nếu các tính từ cùng loại thì ta phân cách chúng bằng dấu phẩy, còn nếu khác loại thì ta xếp chúng cạnh nhau. Trật tự các tính từ được quy định theo thứ tự sau: OSASCOMP Opinion - Size -Age - Shape - Color - Origin - Material - Purpose Trong đó: 1. Từ nhận xét (Opinion): Useful (hữu ích), beautiful (đẹp), interesting (thú vị), lovely (đáng yêu), delicious (ngon miệng), handsome (đẹp trai), glorious (lộng lẫy), luxurious (sang trọng)... 2. Kích cỡ (Size): big (to), small (nhỏ), large (lớn), huge (khổng lồ), tiny(bé xíu), long (dài), short (ngắn), tall (cao)... 3. Tuổi tác (Age): old (già, cũ), young (trẻ), new (mới), brand-new (mới toanh), ancient (cổ đại), modern (hiện đại),... 4. Hình dáng (Shape): round (tròn), triangle (tam giác), cubic (hình hộp), heart-shaped (hình trái tim), flat (bằng phẳng), square (hình vuông)... 5. Màu sắc (Color): black (đen), red (đỏ), white (trắng), blue (xanh), yellow (vàng), cream (màu kem), violet (tím),purple (đỏ tía), navy blue (xanh hải quân), magenta (đỏ thẫm), brick red (đỏ gạch), emerald (xanh ngọc), jet black (đen nhánh),... 6. Nguồn gốc (Origin): Vietnamese, English, Indian, Thai, German, American,... 7. Chất liệu (Material): Silk (lụa), gold (vàng), silver (bạc), wooden (gỗ), metal (kim loại), plastic (nhựa), leather (da), glass (thủy tinh), concrete (bê tông), ivory (ngà)... 8. Mục đích (Purpose): sitting, sleeping, wedding, waiting... BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 17 1. The _________ beard makes him look like his girlfriend’s father. A. bushy long grey B. bushy grey long C. long grey bushy D. long bushy grey 2. She picked the _________ flower up and poked it over her left ear. A. red small beautiful B. beautiful red small C. small beautiful red D. beautiful small red 3. The _________ car is six years old now, but it is in good shape and still has low mileage. A. big Japanese black B. Japanese big black C. big black Japanese D. black big Japanese 4. Her _________ attracted people’s attention when she walked in the hall. A. long charming blonde B. charming blonde long C. long blonde charming D. charming long blonde 5. They moved to a _________ house after many years living in a deprived house. A. big modern brick B. brick big modern C. modern big brick D. brick modern big 6. She went home and sat on her _________ bed after a hard day of work. A. wooden old comfortable B. comfortable old wooden 106

C. old wooden comfortable D. old comfortable wooden 7. We ate some _________ apples that we had bought at the supermarket the night before. A. delicious red American B. American delicious red C. red American delicious D. delicious American red 8. He bought a _________ ring to ask for his girlfriend's hand in marriage. A. beautiful silver new B. new beautiful silver C. beautiful new silver D. silver beautiful new 9. There is a _________ bag at the corner of the room. A. small black plastic B. black small plastic C. plastic small black D. plastic black small 10. He wanted to collect ancient things. Luckily, he saw a(n) _________ desk in the library. A. old French writing B. French old writing C. old writing French D. writing French old 11. I want a(n) _________ dress to wear to attend the party tonight. A. green silk amazing B. amazing silk green C. silk amazing green D. amazing green silk 12. Anna is terribly careless. She dropped the _________ plate and it smashed. A. old beautiful glass B. beautiful old glass C. glass beautiful old D. old glass beautiful 13. He is looking for a _________ bag that matches with his outfit. A. black stylish leather B. stylish black leather C. leather stylish black D. black leather stylish 14. She bought a _________ lunchbox that she could carry lunch to work. A. new red plastic B. red plastic new C. new plastic red D. plastic new red 15. The little boy is afraid of a _________ dog of the next-door neighbor. A. big horrible German B. German horrible big C. big German horrible D. horrible big German 16. He always buys some really _________ cheese to make the kids happy. A. French delicious round B. round delicious French C. delicious round French D. French round delicious 17. He, by himself, decorates his _________ car to pick up his bride. A. wonderful flower wedding B. wedding wonderful flower C. flower wedding wonderful D. flower wonderful wedding 18. He bought a _________ suit when he went there for a business trip. A. woolen fabulous British B. British fabulous woolen C. fabulous woolen British D. fabulous British woolen 19. She appeared with a(n) _________ coat and the audience could not help laughing. A. unusual round white B. unusual white round C. round white unusual D. white unusual white 20. When we came to her house, there was a(n) _________ bag on the floor. A. old untidy sleeping B. untidy sleeping old C. sleeping untidy old D. untidy old sleeping 21. In the kitchen is a _________ table. A. beautiful large round wooden B. large beautiful wooden round C. wooden round large beautiful D. round large wooden beautiful 22. I bought some _________ glasses. 107

A. German lovely old B. old lovely German C. lovely old German D. German old lovely 23. I would visit the _________ castle whenever I have a chance. A. German castle spooky B. spooky German ancient C. castle spooky German D. spooky ancient German 24. She is a big fan of coffee. She cannot focus without a(n) _________ coffee. A. hot black Italian B. Italian black hot C. black Italian hot D. Italian hot black 25. Although they stayed in a _________ cottage but they lived happily. A. cute little old B. cute old little C. old little cute D. little old cute 26. He found a _________ bowl in the unoccupied house. A. round huge bowl B. mental huge round C. huge round mental D. huge mental round 27. Anna brought a _________ bag for the overnight picnic. A. red small sleeping B. small red sleeping C. sleeping small red D. small sleeping red 28. That man was interested in a(n) _________ painting in the museum exhibition. A. interesting French old B. old French interesting C. French old interesting D. interesting old French 29. They dream of settling down in a(n) _________ village and happily live with their wonderful children. A. lovely little old B. little old lovely C. lovely old little D. old little lovely 30. John has a _________ cat which is too lazy to catch mice. A. big black fat B. fat big black C. big fat black D. black big fat 31. I saw him taking out something in a _________ box. A. yellow small plastic B. small yellow plastic C. small plastic yellow D. plastic small yellow 32. We have to go home now. Look at the _________ clouds! A. frightening big black B. frightening black big C. big black frightening D. black big frightening 33. His parents promise that they will buy him _________ clothes if he can swim. A. French new diving B. new diving French C. new French diving D. diving new French 34. Despite giving birth to three children, Joana is such a _________ lady. A. beautiful tall young B. beautiful young tall C. tall beautiful young D. young tall beautiful 35. A _________ car is going to be launched to the market this year. A. modern Vietnamese racing B. Vietnamese modern racing C. racing modern Vietnamese D. Vietnamese racing modern 36. Jane really loves the _________ jewelry box that her parents gave her as a birthday present. A. nice wooden brown B. nice brown wooden C. wooden brown nice D. brown wooden nice 37. He made a toy as a birthday gift to his daughter. It is a _________ house. A. beautiful big pink B. beautiful pink big C. pink beautiful big D. big pink beautiful 38. She gave him a _________ wallet as a souvenir when she returned from summer vacation. A. small brown leather B. leather small brown 108

C. small leather brown D. brown small leather 39. When I was going to school this morning, I saw a _________ girl. A. Russian blonde young B. young blonde Russian C. blonde young Russian D. young Russian blonde 40. He is one of the best-seller writers whose latest book is a(n) _________ novel. A. unhappy Japanese fiction B. Japanese unhappy fiction C. fiction unhappy Japanese D. unhappy fiction Japanese 41. He pretended to be dead when he recognized a(n) _________ bear. A. old black big B. big old black C. black old big D. black big old 42. She looks so beautiful in that _________ dress. I wish she would be happy forever. A. white silk wedding B. silk wedding white C. silk white wedding D. wedding silk white 43. This is a _________ process. We have to struggle with it for a long time. A. time-consuming complex long B. complex long time-consuming C. complex time-consuming long D. long complex time-consuming 44. Every night, my mother tells _________ stories before I go to sleep. A. traditional short interesting B. short traditional interesting C. interesting traditional short D. short interesting traditional 45. We will never forget that _________ trip in Korea. A. training long memorable B. memorable long training C. long training memorable D. long memorable training

III. ĐỒNG NGHĨA - TRÁI NGHĨA BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 1 Mark the letter A, B, Cor D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 1: Each of us should give a hand to prevent the pandemic by staying at home and Just going out for emergent situations. A. help

B. control

C. manage

D. try

Question 2: Hold on. I’ll be ready in some moments. A. think

B. say

C. wait

D. go

Question 3: If you find yourself at a loose end, you can always clean the bathroom. Don’t just sit still! A. have so many things to do

B. have nothing to do

C. have a few things to do

D. have intention of doing something

Question 4: Does television adequately reflect ethnic and cultural diversity of the country? Are there any programs which introduce each region’s features, culture and people? A. minority

B. majority

C. difference

D. variety

Question 5: She is nice but I don’t feel I can confide in her. I won’t tell her my secrets. A. tell the truth

B. tell a lie 109

C. share my thoughts with

D. believe

Question 6: Royal banquets are held in the castle once a month. These are the occasions for participants to know each other and have more chances to enjoy delicious dishes. A. parties

B. meetings

C. conferences

D. workshops

Question 7: I was at the bus stop this morning when, for no apparent reasons, the man opposite me suddenly screamed. No one knew what happened to him. A. parties

B. obvious

C. spacious

D. confusing

Question 8: I found the book so gripping that I couldn’t put it down. I like its ending and characters. A. effective

B. sensitive

C. boring

D. interesting

Question 9: My grandfather is a good-natured person. He often does the charity and helps poor people. A. wicked

B. lazy

C. kind-hearted

D. mean

Question 10: She was very vulnerable because her boyfriend had left her without any words. A. able to be well protected

B. able to be easily hurt

C. able to be well known

D. able to be equally treated

Question 11: Men are more expected to be a breadwinner in a family than women. A. the family member who likes bread B. the family member who is responsible for childcare C. the family member who is willing to share the domestic chores D. the family member who earns money that the family needs. Question 12: We assembled in the meeting room after lunch. The manager had an important announcement to all staffs. A. studied

B. gathered

C. sat

D. stood

Question 13: It will take us more or less 5 hours to travel from Ha Noi to Dien Bien province. A. approximately

B. considerably

C. definitely

D. probably

Question 14: The children can’t wait for the trip to the beach. They have kept talking about it lately. A. look at

B. dream

C. look forward to

D. think about

Question 15: My mother always shows off her culinary talents whenever we have a family reunion. She prepares a lot of dishes. A. having to do with food and cooking B. involving hygienic conditions and diseases C. relating to medical knowledge D. concerning nutrition and health Question 16: A sudden thunderstorm had drenched me to the skin. I changed my clothes right after I got home because I didn’t want to have a cold. 110

A. made me very dirty

B. made me very wet

C. made me very sad

D. made me very diy

Question 17: I would like to buy a new computer, so I started setting aside a small part of my monthly earnings 3 months ago. A. spending on

B. using up

C. putting out

D. saving up

Question 18: Their project is likely to feasible because of its positive results. A. costly

B. troublesome

C. practicable

D. capable

Question 19: Chris deserves our special thanks for what he has done for us. Perhaps we should send him a gift or some delicious food. A. ought to be denied

B. might be produced

C. should be given

D. could be rejected

Question 20: Although it was a hazardous journey, many people wanted to experience this new type of tourism. A. risky

B. unforgettable

C. exciting

D. relaxing

Question 21: Add a large handful of chopped herbs into the soup. That will make the soup much more tasteful. A. number

B. peace

C. part

D. amount

Question 22: The ship was sinking fast so the captain gave the order to abandon it. Fortunately, there were enough boats for all people. A. sell

B. leave

C. fix

D. buy

Question 23: Data from the submarine will pave the way for a more detailed exploration of sea beds. Scientists may use it for their further studies. A. lighten

B. protect

C. initiate

D. end

Question 24: Only excellent students are entitled in a full scholarship of that prestigious university. A. are given the right to

B. are refused the right to

C. are exposed to

D. have the obligation to

Question 25: Some people advocated using force to stop violence in the street. A. openly praised

B. publicly said

C. publicly supported

D. strongly recommend

Question 26: After the tsunami, a lot of buildings had collapsed, which caused the deaths of thousands of people. A. taken off accidentally

B. fell down unexpectedly

C. exploded suddenly

D. erupted violently

Question 27: The irrigation in South Vietnam helps reduce the water shortage in the fields, even the ones far from the rivers. 111

A. cleaning with water

B. growing with water

C. supplying water

D. pushing with water

Question 28: The fall of the Berlin Wall marked the dawn of a new era in European history. A. outcome

B. closure

C. expansion

D. beginning

Question 29: The movie made me a bit bewildered but I enjoyed it. The ending is open, so different people may understand in different ways. A. surprised

B. confused

C. excited

D. depressed

Question 30: The government should play a more prominent role in promoting human rights, not any organizations or individuals. A. significant

B. casual

C. informal

D. serious

Question 31: When you are on the street, you should be careful and be on the alert for the cars, trucks or buses. A. go through

B. watch out

C. look for

D. look into

Question 32: She was proclaimed Queen at the age of 13 after the sudden death of her father. All citizens knew her position and face well. A. invited

B. installed

C. declared

D. advised

Question 33: I think of making computer smarter as intelligence augmentation. More assigned tasks can be operated by the computer. A. necessity

B. fall

C. decrease

D. increase

Question 34: The regulation must be applied irrespective of someone’s ethnic origin. All people have to follow it. A. regardless

B. in spite

C. considering

D. despite

Question 35: That the 23rd ranged player beat the champion was incredulous. Everyone was so surprised. A. excellent

B. unimaginable

C. disbelieving

D. despite

Question 36: The mountain terrains pose particular problems for civil engineers. It’s hard for them to complete the project on schedule. A. do

B. cause

C. play

D. dismiss

Question 37: The patients find that the effects of the injection wear off after an hour. They are more comfortable and not hurt anymore. A. gradually disappearing

B. quickly appear

C. fast affect

D. quickly turn

Question 38: The shopkeeper said that all the defective parts would be replaced without charge except for the fact that the users broke them. A. good

B. doubting

C. uncertain

D. imperfect

112

Question 39: I haven’t seen them since that memorable evening when we had the farewell party. I’m sure everyone thinks about it a lot. A. unforgettable

B. remarkable

C. incredible

D. eventful

Question 40: When we did the voluntary work in the remote area, we asked for adjoining rooms. I remember they were rooms 201 and 202. A. friendly

B. distant

C. neighboring

D. doubled

Question 41: The new reforms have not met with universal approval within the party. Not every member think they are appropriate enough. A. distinguished

B. separated

C. shared

D. marked

Question 42: The teacher asked the students to make the answers concise. They don’t need to make long writings. A. long and detailed

B. short and clear

C. complicated

D. depressing

Question 43: It was when they became husband and wife that they found they were not compatible together. They argued regularly for simple reasons. A. able to live harmoniously

B. capable of sharing the same house

C. able to budget their money

D. able to have children

Question 44: As she was on the point of giving up hope, a letter arrived. A. starting to

B. around to

C. out of

D. about to

Question 45: Moving to Ha Noi is certainly a possibility. I wouldn’t dismiss it out of hand. A. without listening

B. without further consideration

C. without hesitation

D. without reluctance

Question 46: The government is subsidizing the public companies and the employed. A. aiding

B. hiring

C. renting

D. criticizing

Question 47: They felt they were treated with discourtesy. Some people ignored their greeting or existence and some others said bad things about them. A. politeness

B. encouragement

C. rudeness

D. measurement

Question 48: She is miserable living on her own. No one talks to her and she never smiles. A. disappointed

B. frightened

C. happy

D. upset

Question 49: When a plane made its ascent to reach the right height, we saw thick smoke coming from one engine. A. rise

B. movement down

C. fall

D. descent

Question 50: We clustered around the noticeboard to read the exam result. I couldn’t see anything on the board because of the front crowd. A. rose

B. gathered

C. separated

D. queued

113

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 2 Mark the letter A, B, c or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 1: She persuaded her reluctant husband to take a trip to Florida with her. He said that he was too busy and he would think about it. A. interesting

B. willing

C. helpful

D. generous

Question 2: She has been neglecting her study this semester. She spends most of time travelling and playing games. A. spending little time on

B. wasting time on

C. paying enough attention to

D. paying no attention to

Question 3: She was taken into hospital last week when her condition suddenly deteriorated. She had been able to talk to others before she fell into a coma. A. stayed healthy

B. became strong

C. became worse

D. got better

Question 4: It would be helpful if you were to precede the report with an introduction. A. begin

B. obey

C. follow

D. develop

Question 5: It was said that the police had concealed the vital evidence. A. revealed

B. informed

C. announced

D. warned

Question 6: Ruth runs a very tight ship here, and he expects all his employees to follow the regulations as well as take good care of their own work. A. controls an inflexible system

B. has a good voyage

C. runs faster than others

D. controls things inefficiently

Question 7: The influence of celebrities on the young is discernible. Many young people are imitating their idols’ lifestyles and thoughts. A. clear

B. invisible

C. obvious

D. uncomfortable

Question 8: There was an abundance of food at the wedding. Eight people couldn’t serve all dishes of sea food, soups and vegetables. A. insufficiency

B. adequacy

C. efficiency

D. capacity

Question 9: She lost contact with a lot of her old friends when she went abroad to study, so now she can’t see them or have any information about them. A. made room for

B. lost control of

C. put in charge of

D. kept in touch with

Question 10: “Don’t disturb me gain,” she said in an irritable voice. A. upset

B. crazy

C. calm

D. annoyed

Question 11: Appreciating low-cab eating method, Jane doesn’t eat fat or sweets. A. supporting

B. criticizing

C. recommending

D. denying 114

Question 12: Data in the report has been greatly exaggerated. The number of prizes they got was only 3 but it was 6 in the report. A. undertaken

B. overestimated

C. understated

D. emphasized

Question 13: These findings are inconsistent with those of the previous studies. Scientists are trying to discover why they are different. A. compatible with

B. contradicted

C. opposite to

D. enhanced

Question 14: The police said this was the most vicious attacks they’d ever seen. More than 100 victims had been killed and seriously injured. A. dangerous

B. boring

C. healthy

D. gentle

Question 15: The indiscriminate use of fertilizers can cause long-term problems. Farmers need to be trained how to use them appropriately. A. obliged

B. selective

C. disciplined

D. optional

Question 16: National Service was abolished in the UK in 1962. Since then people has served in the army voluntarily. A. closed

B. held

C. organized

D. instituted

Question 17: Synthetic products are made from chemicals or artificial substances. A. natural

B. made by machine

C. man-made

D. unusual

Question 18: She has an extraordinary memory and can remember details and names that I’ve long forgotten. A. regular

B. normal

C. special

D. strange

Question 19: The merger proved to be very lucrative for both companies. Both companies have had more financial contracts since then. A. helpful

B. unlawful

C. advantageous

D. unprofitable

Question 20: The Board of Directors should take action against the employees who are insubordinate, or who are discourteous to the company’ policies. A. disobedient

B. fresh

C. obedient

D. understanding

Question 21: Without conservation, all resources necessary for life would be damaged, wasted or destroyed. A. preservation

B. exploitation

C. protection

D. change

Question 22: The match has been cancelled because of adverse weather condition. There has been heavy rain for some days. A. unfavorable

B. bad

C. advantageous

D. changeable

Question 23: These chemicals have a detrimental impact on the environment They may cause land and water pollution. A. harmless

B. harmful

C. damaging

D. injurious

Question 24: This task is too onerous for you to complete. You need some guidelines for it. 115

A. difficult

B. demanding

C. easy

D. challenging

Question 25: I understood what she was feeling because we were in the same boat. A. under the same circumstance

B. in a similar case

C. in a different find

D. in the different situations

Question 26: It’s a comedy which often succeeds in capturing the weirdness of real life. People now tends to like the special situations. A. strangeness

B. ordinariness

C. beauty

D. charm

Question 27: A few men like hot women and they can’t resist looking at them on the street. A. unattractive

B. sexy

C. lovely

D. lively

Question 28: His malevolent gaze scared me. I think he was trying not to hurt me then. A. crucial

B. fierce

C. gentle

D. rude

Question 29: He always turns up in time to save her. She may have been in trouble without his help. A. hides

B. disappears

C. appears

D. runs away

Question 30: His punctuality has been his strong point. He is never late for any circumstances. A. being courteous

B. being cheerful

C. being early

D. being late

Question 31: Gradually they broke the ice and became friends. A. knew each other well

B. had the same things

C. differed each other

D. didn’t like each other

Question 32: He tries to bring home to her how much he loves her. A. make her sad

B. make her ambivalent about

C. make her disappointed

D. make her happy

Question 33: They have done away with the trams in most English towns. A. destroyed

B. eliminated

C. preserved

D. left out

Question 34: The new program has gone down with many viewers. More and more people like watching it. A. not been seen by

B. not been followed by

C. not been watched by

D. not been welcomed by

Question 35: The man kept his head when another man crashed him. He was silent while that man kept talking. A. went mad

B. kept calm

C. lost his temper

D. went wrong

Question 36: The police have instructed everyone how to keep an eye out for pickpockets on the bus. Bags and jewelries should be held in hands. A. not to buy a lot

B. not to pay attention to

C. not to look through

D. not to look for 116

Question 37: She made up the whole story to get everyone’s sympathy. Then, everyone knew it’s unlike what she had said. A. told exactly

B. told quickly

C. told differently

D. told slowly

Question 38: The team leader was rather hot under the collar when being told what to do. He spoke a bit loudly. A. annoyed

B. embarrassed

C. pleased

D. interested

Question 39: August car sales fell short of the industry’s expectations. They just sold a half of the number of cars given in the plan. A. dissatisfied

B. satisfied

C. enhanced

D. encouraged

Question 40: Persuading him is like flogging a dead horse. He never does as we expect. A. killing a horse

B. tying a horse

C. doing a useful thing

D. seeing a horse die

Question 41: The solution to the problem has crossed my mind. I’ve just got that idea from this book. A. been quickly decided

B. been looked through

C. been thoroughly enjoyed

D. been carefully considered

Question 42: John said that he would lend me some English books but he went back on his word. When I called him, he said he had forgotten telling me that. A. kept his promise

B. forgot his promise

C. missed his word

D. left his word behind

Question 43: When she was expelled from school, her parents went through the roof. They immediately had a two-hour conversation with her. A. were surprised

B. got very angry

C. were pleased

D. became higher

Question 44: Don’t throw these boxes away because they might come in handy. We can make toys from them. A. be useful

B. be useless

C. be advantageous

D. be helpful

Question 45: You don’t need to answer me now. Sleep on it and tell me when you are ready. A. Don’t think too much

B. Have a deep sleep

C. Think carefully

D. Be sure for that

Question 46: They are getting married soon but they haven’t named the day yet: perhaps, some time in August. A. have had a good day

B. have forgotten the day

C. have decided the wedding day

D. have made up their mind

Question 47: He is an intelligent boy but his laziness has set him back in his studies. He ranks 30th in his class. 117

A. prevented him

B. reminded him

C. provided him

D. encouraged him

Question 48: A thing like that only happens once in a blue moon. Then, don’t miss it! A. rarely

B. seldom

C. regularly

D. hardly

Question 49: I am feeling off-color now. I need to have a short nap. A. sick

B. well

C. tired

D. cold

Question 50: She must break off the conversation to see who is knocking the door. A. continue

B. interrupt

C. stop

D. lengthen

IV. TÌM LỖI SAI 4.1. Sai về cách dùng từ STT 1

2 3 4 5 6

8 9 10 11

TỪ DỄ NHẦM bổ sung thêm 35 cặp từ so với năm 2020

NGHĨA

Uninterested /ʌn'ɪntərestɪd/(a)

Lãnh đạm, thờ ơ, không quan tâm, không chú ý, không để ý

Disinterested /dɪ'sɪntrəstɪd/(a)

Vô tư, không vụ lợi, không cầu lợi

Formally /'fɔ:məli/(adv)

(một cách) chính thức

Formerly /'fɔ:məli/(adv)

Trước đây

Considerable /kən'sɪdərəbl/(a)

Rất lớn, to tát, đáng kể

Considerate /kən'sɪdərət/(a)

Ân cần, chu đáo; cẩn thận, thận trọng

Appreciable /ə'pri:ʃəbl/(a)

Có thể đánh giá, thấy rõ được; đáng kể

Appreciative /ə'pri:ʃətɪv/(a)

Biết thưởng thức, biết ơn

Forgettable /fə'getəbl/(a)

Có thể quên được

Forgetful /fə'getfl/(a)

Hay quên

Expectation /,ekspek'teɪʃn/(n)

Sự trông chờ, sự hy vọng (của một người)

Expectancy /ɪk'spektənsi/(n)

Sự chờ mong, hy vọng (thường liên quan đến khoảng thời gian được dự kiến để điều gì diễn ra)

Respectable /rɪ'spektəbl/(a)

Đáng kính trọng; đứng đắn, đàng hoàng; khá lớn, đáng kể

Respective /rɪ'spektɪv/(a)

Riêng của mỗi người/vật; tương ứng

Respectful /rɪ'spektfl/(a)

Thể hiện sự tôn trọng, tôn kính, lễ phép

Comprehensible /,kɒmprɪ'hensəbl/(a)

Có thể hiểu được, có thể lĩnh ngộ

Comprehensive /,kɒmprɪ'hensɪv/(a)

Bao quát, toàn diện

Beneficent /bə'nefɪsənt/(a)

Hay làm phúc, hay làm việc thiện

Beneficial /,benɪ'fɪʃl/(a)

Có ích, có lợi

Complimentary /,kɒmplɪ'mentəri/(a)

Ca ngợi, mời, biếu

Complementary /,kɒmplɪ'mentəri/(a)

Bổ sung, bù

Farther /'fɑ:ðə(r)/ (a)

Xa hơn (thường để chỉ khoảng cách vật lý)

Further /'fɜ:ðə(r)/ (a)

Xa hơn (dùng để chỉ khoảng cách vật lý cũng như khoảng cách khác như không gian, thời gian; có thể chỉ mức độ); thêm vào đó 118

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

20 21 22

25 26 27 28

Sensible /'sensəbl/(a)

Biết điều, hợp lý, nhận thấy

Sensitive /'sensɪtɪv/(a)

Nhạy cảm, dễ bị tổn thương, truyền cảm, thông cảm

Responsible /rɪ'spɒnsəbl/(a)

Chịu trách nhiệm; đáng tin cậy

Responsive /rɪ'spɒnsɪv/(a)

Đáp lại, phản ứng nhanh nhẹn

Successful /sək'sesfl/(a)

Thành công

Successive /sək'sesɪv/(a)

Liên tiếp, kế tiếp

Classical /'klæsɪkl/(a)

Cổ điển, thuộc về truyền thống lâu đời

Classic /'klæsik/(a)

Kinh điển

Deadly/'dedli/(a)

Chết người; cực kỳ, hết sức

Deathly /'deθli/(a)

Như chết

Continual /kən'tɪnjʊəl/(a)

Liên tục nhưng có ngắt quãng

Continuous /kən'tɪnjʊəs/(a)

Liên tục, không ngừng

Economical /,i:kə'nɒmɪkl/(a)

Tiết kiệm (thời gian, tiền,...)

Economic /,i:kə'nɒmɪk/(a)

Thuộc về kinh tế

Specifically /spə'sɪfɪkli/(adv)

Đặc biệt (dùng để chỉ một việc gì đó được thực hiện vì một mục đích đặc biệt nào đó)

Especially /ɪ'speʃəli/(adv)

Đặc biệt (dùng để chỉ một điều gì đó mà bạn nói đến có sự đặc biệt nhiều hơn thứ khác)

Terrible /'terəbl/(a)

Khủng khiếp, rất tồi, rất chán, không ra gì

Terrific /tə'rɪfɪk/(a)

Tuyệt vời

Favourite /'feɪvərɪt/(a)

Được yêu thích, yêu thích nhất

Favourable /'feɪvərəbl/(a)

Thuận lợi, tỏ ý tán thành

Awful /'ɔ:ful/(a)

Đáng sợ, khủng khiếp, mang tính tiêu cực

Awesome /'ɔ:səm/(a)

Đáng kính sợ (miêu tả sự ngạc nhiên, thú vị, mang tính tích cực)

Historical /hɪ'stɒrɪkl/(a)

Thuộc lịch sử (thường mô tả cái gì đó liên quan đến quá khứ hoặc việc nghiên cứu lịch sử hay cái gì đó được thực hiện ở quá khứ)

Historic /hɪ'stɒrɪk/(a)

Có tính chất lịch sử (thường được dùng để miêu tả cái gì đó rất quan trọng đến độ người ta phải ghi nhớ nó)

Imaginary /ɪ'mædʒɪnəri/(a)

Tưởng tượng

Imaginative /ɪ'mædʒɪnətɪv/(a)

Giàu trí tưởng tượng

Imaginable /ɪ'mædʒɪnəbl/(a)

Có thể tưởng tượng được

Restful /'restfl/(a)

Tạo không khí nghỉ ngơi thoải mái, yên tĩnh

Restless /'restləs/(a)

Luôn luôn động đậy, không yên, bồn chồn

Industrial /ɪn'dʌstriəl/(a)

Thuộc công nghiệp

Industrious /ɪn'dʌstriəs/(a)

Cần cù, siêng năng

Dependent /dɪ'pendənt/(a)

Dựa vào, ỷ lại, phụ thuộc

Dependable /dɪ'pendəbl/(a)

Có thể tin cậy được

Every day (adv)

Mỗi ngày (trong một thời kỳ, giai đoạn), rất thường xuyên 119

30 31 32 33

34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46

Everyday(a)

Thông thường, lệ thường, hằng ngày

Effective /ɪ'fektɪv/(a)

Có hiệu quả (được dùng để nói về việc tạo ra/đạt được kết quả như mong muốn)

Efficient /ɪ'fɪʃnt/(a)

Có hiệu suất cao (máy móc cao), năng suất cao (con người), dùng để chỉ cách làm việc tốt mà không phí thời gian, công sức, tiền bạc

Principle /'prɪnsəpl/(a)

Nguyên lý, nguyên tắc

Principal /'prɪnsəpl/(a)

Chính, chủ yếu

Later /'leɪtər/(adv)

Sau này, một thời điểm ở tương lai

Latter /'lætər/(n)

Cái sau, người sau (trong số 2 người)

Illicit /ɪ'lɪsɪt/(a)

Trái phép, lậu, vụng trộm

Elicit /ɪ'lɪsɪt/(v)

Moi ra

Entrance /'entrəns/(n)

Lối vào, cửa vào; quyền, khả năng của ai để đi vào nơi nào

Entry /'entri/(n)

Sự đi vào; quá trình người/vật trở thành một phần của cái gì đó

Drastically /'dræstɪkli/(adv)

Một cách mạnh mẽ, quyết liệt

Dramatically /drə'mætɪkli/(adv)

Đột ngột

Package /'pækɪdʒ/(n)

Gói đồ, kiện hàng, hộp để đóng hàng

Packaging /'pækɪdʒɪr)/(n)

Bao bì

Percent /pə'sent/(n)

Phần trăm

Percentage /pə'sentɪdʒ/(n)

Tỷ lệ phần trăm

Desert /'dezət/(n)

Rời đi, bỏ đi; sa mạc

Dessert /dɪ'zɜ:t/(n)

Món tráng miệng

Felicitate /fə'lɪsɪteɪt/(v)

Khen ngợi, chúc mừng

Facilitate /fə'sɪlɪteɪt/(v)

Tạo điều kiện dễ dàng

Heroin /'herəʊɪn/(n)

Heroin, thuốc phiện

Heroine /'herəʊɪn/(n)

Nữ anh hùng

Compliment /'kɒmplɪmənt/(n)

Lời khen ngợi, lời chúc mừng

Complement /'kɒmplɪment/(n)

Phần bổ sung, số lượng cần thiết

Intensive /ɪn'tensɪv/(a)

Tập trung, sâu, nhấn mạnh, cực kỳ kỹ lưỡng

Extensive /ɪk'stensɪv/(a)

Rộng, rộng lớn

Foul /faʊl/(n)

Hôi, bẩn

Error /'erə[r]/(n)

Sai sót, sai lầm

Sometime /'sʌmtaɪm/(adv)

Trước kia, nguyên

Sometimes /'sʌmtaɪmz/(adv)

Đôi khi, đôi lúc

Beside /bɪ'saɪd/(prep)

Bên cạnh

Besides /bɪ'saɪdz/(adv)

Ngoài ra, hơn nữa, vả lại

Advisory /əd'vaɪzəri/(n)

Tư vấn

Advisable /əd'vaɪzəbl/(n)

Nên, đáng theo; khôn ngoan

Suggested /sə'dʒestɪd/(a)

Được gợi ý

Suggestible /sə'dʒestəbl/(a)

Dễ bị ảnh hưởng 120

49 50 51 52

54 55

58 59

Ingredient /ɪn'gri:diənt/(n)

Thành phần (thường trong đồ ăn)

Component /kəm'pəʊnənt/(n)

Nhân tố cấu thành (thường dùng trong máy móc)

Wound /wu:nd/(v)

bị thương trong 1 cuộc chiến, đánh nhau (bị thương bởi súng, dao, hoặc vật gì đó)

Injure /'ɪndʒə(r)/(v)

Bị thương vì tai nạn

Confident /'kɒnfɪdənt/(a)

Tin tưởng, tin, tự tin

Confidential /,kɒnfɪ'denʃl/(a)

Kín, mật

Invent /ɪn'vent/(v)

Phát minh, sáng chế

Discover /dɪs'kʌvə(r)/(v)

Phát hiện, tìm ra, khám phá

Ignore /ɪg'nɔ:r/(v)

Làm ngơ, bỏ qua, không chú ý tới

Neglect /nɪ'glekt/(v)

Không quan tâm, lơ là

Found /faʊnd/(v)

Thành lập, sáng lập

Found /faʊnd/(v)

Quá khứ đơn và quá khứ phân từ của động từ “find”

Lie - lied - lied(v)

Nói dối (động từ nguyên mẫu và quá khứ, quá khứ phân từ)

Lie - lay - lain(v)

Nằm xuống (động từ nguyên mẫu và quá khứ, quá khứ phân từ)

Lay - laid - laid(v)

Để, đặt cái gì (động từ nguyên mẫu và quá khứ, quá khứ phân từ)

Prolong /prə'lɒŋ/(v)

Kéo dài (ngoại động từ)

Last /lɑ:st/(v)

Kéo dài (nội động từ)

Drop /drɒp/(v)

Rơi, nhảy xuống, giảm xuống (nhiệt độ, gió, mực nước,...)

Reduce /rɪ'dju:s/ (v)

Giảm, hạ (ngoại động từ)

Rise /raɪz/(v)

Gia tăng về số lượng (là nội động từ)

Raise /reɪz/(v)

Gia tăng, nâng một cái gì từ vị trí thấp lên vị trí cao hơn (là ngoại động từ)

Finally /'faɪnəli/(adv)

Cuối cùng, để kết luận( được dùng để giới thiệu một điểm, một mục cuối cùng hay hỏi một câu sau cùng)

Eventually /ɪ'ventʃʊəli/(adv)

Rốt cuộc, cuối cùng (để nói về những gì xảy ra trong giai đoạn cuối của một loạt sự kiện, và thường là kết quả của chúng)

A while

Một khoảng thời gian (cụm danh từ)

Awhile /ə'waɪl/

Một lát, một chốc (phó từ)

Reward /rɪ'wɔ:d/(n)

Phần thưởng, thưởng (dùng để đền bù hay công nhận sự nỗ lực, sự đóng góp, sự vất vả của một cá nhân; dưới hình thức tiền hay được thăng chức)

Award /ə'wɔ:d/(n)

Trao thưởng, giải thưởng (dùng để trao trong những dịp quan trọng, một minh chứng thành tích, sự xuất sắc của một cá nhân và được hội đồng thông qua, thường dưới hình thức huy 121

chương, giấy chứng nhận, danh hiệu, cúp,...) 60

61 62

64 65 66 67 68 69 70

71 72

Forget /fə'get/(v)

Quên, bỏ quên

Leave /li:v/(v)

Bỏ lại, để lại, bỏ quên (ở một nơi nào đó, có địa điểm cụ thể)

Persuade /pə'sweɪd/(v)

Thuyết phục ai đó làm gì vì hợp lý

Convince /kən'vɪns/(v)

Thuyết phục ai tin vào điều gì đó

Expand /ɪk'spænd/(v)

(Làm cho) trở nên lớn hơn về kích cỡ, số lượng, hoặc tầm quan trọng

Extend /ɪk'stend/(v)

Làm cho cái gì đó dài ra hơn, thêm rộng hơn, lớn hơn. (thường là nghĩa đen, như cái nhà, cái hàng rào, con đường, hay một khu vực,...); kéo dài hiệu lực

Assurance /ə'ʃɔ:rəns/(n)

Được dùng để chỉ “bảo hiểm nhân mạng” (life assurance). Khi tham gia hệ thống bảo hiểm này, bạn đều đặn nộp tiền cho công ty bảo hiểm. Khi bạn qua đời, thân nhân của bạn sẽ lĩnh được một số tiền.

Insurance /in'ʃɔ:rəns/(n)

Hợp đồng do một công ty hoặc tổ chức xã hội, hoặc nhà nước làm để đảm bảo đền bù, mất mát, thiệt hại, ốm đau,... bằng việc bạn đóng tiền thường kỳ.

Stationary /'steɪʃənri/(a)

Đứng yên, để một chỗ, không thay đổi

Stationery /'steɪʃnənri/(n)

Văn phòng phẩm

Immigrate /'ɪmɪgrənt/(v)

Nhập cư

Migrate /maɪ'greɪt/(v)

Di trú (người, chim)

Poster /'pəʊstə(r)/(n)

Áp phích lớn, tờ quảng cáo lớn

Porter /'pɔ:tə(r)/(n)

Công nhân khuân vác, người trực ở cổng

Drought /draʊt/(n)

Hạn hán

Draught /drɑ:ft/(n)

Gió lùa

Unnecessary /ʌn'nesəsri/(a)

Không cần thiết (thừa), không có lý do, vô cớ

Needless /'ni:dləs/(a)

Không cần thiết

Shadow /'ʃædəʊ/(n)

Bóng của người hay vật

Shade /ʃeɪd/(n)

Bóng mát, bóng râm

Sink /sɪŋk/(v)

Chìm (áp dụng cho cả người, động vật và đồ vật)

Drown /draʊn/(v)

Chết đuối, chết chìm ( dùng khi nói về sinh vật).

Lend /lend/(v)

Cho mượn, cho vay

Borrow /'bɒrəʊ/(v)

Vay, mượn từ ai

Mend /mend/(v)

Thường được sử dụng để diễn tả sự sửa chữa trên những chất liệu mềm, những vật liệu hữu cơ dễ sửa chữa hoặc những sự vật hiện tượng mang tính tinh thần

Repair /rɪ'peər/(v)

Dùng khi một phần nào đó của một vật hoặc hệ thống cần được sửa chữa 122

73 74

75 76

77 78 79 80 81 82

83 84

85 86

Disuse /dɪs'ju:s/(v)

Sự bỏ không dùng đến

Misuse /mɪs'ju:z/(v)

Dùng sai

Recognize /'rekəgnaɪz/(v)

Nhận diện (bằng việc nhìn bằng mắt), phân biệt, nhận ra ai đó

Realize /'rɪəlaɪz/(v)

Cảm nhận, nhận biết, nhận thức được, hiểu ra

Climate /'klaɪmət/ (n)

Khí hậu, miền khí hậu

Climax /'klaɪmæks/ (n)

Cực điểm, tột đỉnh

Satisfying /'sætɪsfaɪɪŋ/ (a)

Làm hài lòng, làm thoả mãn (nói về một việc/đồ vật nào đó đáp ứng được nhu cầu và yêu cầu của bạn và quan trọng nhất là cảm giác của bạn khi làm việc/dùng vật đó. Bạn thấy hoàn toàn thỏa mãn/hài lòng).

Satisfactory /,sætɪs'fæktəri/ (a)

Vừa lòng, vừa ý; thỏa mãn (chỉ một việc/vật nào đó khi mức độ hài lòng của người nói đối với việc/đồ vật đó chỉ dừng ở mức tạm chấp nhận được, họ không có gì để than phiền nhưng cũng không thích thú gì với việc/vật đó).

Sacred /'seɪkrɪd/ (a)

Thần thánh, thiêng liêng

Scared /skeəd/ (a)

Bị hoảng sợ

Doggy /'dɒgi/ (n)

Chó má, khốn nạn

Dogged /'dɒgɪd/ (a)

Bền bỉ, ngoan cường

Application /,æplɪ'keɪʃən/ (n)

Lời xin, đơn xin, sự áp dụng

Applicant /'æpləkənt/ (n)

Người xin việc

Employer /ɪm'plɔɪər/ (n)

Ông chủ

Employee /ɪm'plɔɪi:/ (n)

Người làm công

Ingenious /ɪn'dʒi:niəs/ (a)

Tài tình, khéo léo

Ingenuous /ɪn'dʒenjuəs/ (a)

Chân thật, ngây thơ

Enquiry /'ɪnkwəri/ (n)

Sự đặt câu hỏi, sự thẩm vấn (một yêu cầu đối với sự thật, sự hiểu biết, thông tin)

Inquiry /ɪn'kwaɪəri/ (n)

Điều tra về một cái gì đó

Direction /daɪ'rekʃən/ (n)

Chỉ dẫn (dùng cho việc tìm hướng)

Instruction /ɪn'strʌkʃən/ (n)

Chỉ dẫn (thông tin về cách làm việc gì đó)

Magic /'mædʒɪk/ (n) (a)

Ma thuật, phép thần thông, sức lôi cuốn, khi là tính từ “magic” dùng trong vai trò làm thuộc ngữ, đứng trước danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa “magic” thường dùng nghĩa đen và một số cụm từ nhất định

Magical /'mædʒɪkəl/ (a)

Kỳ diệu, liên quan đến phép thuật, ma thuật, được dùng trong cả vai trò vị ngữ và bổ ngữ

Permissive /pə'mɪsɪv/ (a)

Dễ dãi (nhất là với trẻ em)

Permissible /pə'mɪsəbəl/ (a)

Được cho phép, chấp nhận được

Humble /'hʌmbəl/ (a)

Khiêm tốn (vì cảm thấy mình thấp kém)

Modest /'mɒdɪst/ (a)

Khiêm tốn (chỉ con người, cách cư xử không muốn khoe khoang) 123

87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104

Sociable /'soʊʃəbəl/ (a)

Hòa đồng, dễ gần gũi

Social /'səʊʃəl/ (a)

Thuộc xã hội

Angle /'æŋgəl/ (n)

Góc độ, góc cạnh

Angel /'eɪndʒəl/ (n)

Thiên thần, thiên sứ

Dairy /'deəri/ (n)

Nơi làm bơ sữa, cửa hàng bơ sữa

Diary /'daɪəri/ (n)

Nhật ký

Devise /dɪ'vaɪz/ (v)

Nghĩ ra, dệt ra, sáng chế

Device /dɪ'vaɪs/ (n)

Thiết bị, dụng cụ

Noisy /'nɔɪzi/ (a)

Ồn ào, làm ồn, ầm ĩ

Noisome /'nɔɪsəm/ (a)

Khó chịu, hôi thối, ghê tởm

Prosecute /'prɒsɪkju:t/ (v)

Truy tố, tiếp tục, theo đuổi

Persecute /'pɜ:sɪkju:t/ (v)

Làm khổ, quấy rối

Practicable /'præktɪkəbəl/ (a)

Làm được, khả thi

Practical /'præktɪkəl/ (a)

Thực tế; thiết thực, có ích

Reality /ri'æləti/ (n)

Sự thực, thực tế

Realty /'rɪəlti/ (n)

Bất động sản

Residence /'rezɪdəns/ (n)

Sự ở, sự cư trú, nhà ở

Resident /'rezɪdənt/ (n)

Cư dân

Moral /'mɒrəl/ (a)

Thuộc đạo đức, thuộc luân lý, có đạo đức

Morale /mə'rɑ:l/ (n)

Tinh thần, chí khí; nhuệ khí

Morning /'mɔ:rnɪŋ/ (n)

Buổi sáng, sáng

Mourning /'mɔ:rnɪŋ/ (n)

Sự đau buồn, tang, đồ tang

Pretty /'prɪti/ (a)

Xinh xắn, hay, tốt

Petty /'peti/ (a)

Nhỏ, vặt, không quan trọng

Marital /'merɪtəl/ (a)

Thuộc chồng, thuộc vợ, thuộc hôn nhân

Martial /'mɑ:rʃəl/ (a)

Thuộc quân sự, thuộc chiến tranh

Access /'ækses/ (n)

Lối vào, cửa vào, sự đến gần

Excess /'ekses/ (n)

Sự quá mức, sự thái quá

Affect /ə'fekt/ (v)

Ảnh hưởng đến, tác động đến

Effect /ɪ'fekt/ (n)

Tác động, ảnh hưởng

Adopt /ə'dɒpt/ (v)

Chấp nhận, nhận làm con nuôi

Adapt /ə'dæpt/ (v)

Thích nghi với

Proceed /prə'si:d/ (v)

Tiến lên, tiếp tục làm; hành động

Precede /prɪ'si:d/ (v)

Đi trước, đến trước

Diploma /dɪ'ploʊmə/ (n)

Chứng chỉ do các trường đại học, cao đẳng và trường kỹ thuật cấp. Thời gian học khoảng hai năm, hệ trung cấp. Có thời gian ngắn hơn vì chỉ tập trung vào học một môn/ngành nghề.

Degree /dɪ'gri:/ (n)

Bằng đại học và các loại bằng sau đại học (bằng cử nhân, thạc sĩ, tiến sĩ)

Certificate /sə'tɪfəkət/ (n)

Giấy chứng nhận do các trường cao đẳng và 124

trường kỹ thuật cấp. Thời gian học từng ngành nghề (từng khoá học riêng lẻ) khoảng vài tháng đến dưới 1 năm. Ngoài ra, giấy chứng nhận “certificate” còn là một chứng từ chính thức cho biết thông tin trên đó là đúng/thật, như: a birth certificate (giấy khai sinh), a marriage certificate (giấy kết hôn), a death certificate (giấy báo tử), etc. 105 106

107

108 109 110

111 112 113 114

115

Exhaustive /ɪg'zɔ:stɪv/ (a)

Thấu đáo, toàn diện

Exhausted /ɪg'zɔ:stɪd/ (a)

Kiệt sức, mệt lử

Neglected /nɪ'glektɪd/ (a)

Cẩu thả, xuềnh xoàng, bỏ bê

Neglectful /nɪ'glektfəl/ (a)

Sao lãng, lơ là

Negligible /'neglɪdʒəbəl/ (a)

Không đáng kể

Litter /'lɪtər/ (n)

Rác thải mà mọi người vứt bừa bãi, không đúng nơi quy định.

Sewage /'su:ɪdʒ/ (n)

Nước thải, chất thải

Garbage /'gɑ:rbɪdʒ/ (n)

Rác trong nhà bếp, thường là “wet wastes”, ví dụ như đồ ăn đã bị hỏng hoặc bỏ đi.

Patient /'peɪʃənt/ (a) (n)

Kiên nhẫn, nhẫn nại; bệnh nhân

Patience /'peɪʃəns/ (n)

Tính kiên nhẫn, tính nhẫn nại

Action /'ækʃən/ (n)

Hành động, động tác (chỉ những chuyển động vật lý (physical movement) của cơ thể con người, chứ không phải là ‘speak’ không, mà đã chuyển thành ‘action’, action thường không phải dưới một hoàn cảnh nào như behaviour mà nó nhấn mạnh vào sự thực hiện hành động)

Activity /æk'tɪvəti/ (n)

Hoạt động (chỉ những tình huống mà có nhiều người cùng tham gia vào làm gì đó hoặc một nhóm các hoạt động chung; Chỉ những hoạt động nhằm hướng vào mục đích nào đó, đem lại niềm vui, giải trí)

Recreation /,rekri'eɪʃən/ (n)

Sự giải lao, trò giải lao, tiêu khiển

Creation /kri'eɪʃən/ (n)

Sự sáng tạo, tạo ra

Advertisement /əd'vɜ:tɪsmənt/ (n)

Sự quảng cáo, mục quảng cáo

Advertising /'ædvətaɪzɪŋ/ (n)

Nghề quảng cáo, công việc quảng cáo

Conservation /,kɒnsə'veɪʃən/ (n)

Sự bảo tồn, giữ gìn

Conversation /,kɒnvə'seɪʃən/ (n)

Cuộc nói chuyện

Solve /sɒlv/ (v)

Giải quyết vấn đề, tình huống khó khăn (bằng cách tìm ra giải pháp)

Resolve /rɪ'zɒlv/ (v)

Giải quyết vấn đề quan trọng, xung đột có liên quan đến nhiều người (bằng cách kết thúc vấn đề đó)

Fee /fi:/ (n)

Phí trả (cho việc sử dụng một dịch vụ đặc thù như học phí, phí đăng ký xe máy, các loại dịch vụ pháp lý như phí thuê luật sư,...)

Fare /feər/ (n)

Phí trả (cho việc di chuyển, sử dụng phương 125

tiện giao thông như tàu xe) 116

117 118 119 120

121 122 123 124 125

126 127

128

129

Salary /'sæləri/ (n)

Tiền lương (là số tiền cố định được nhận hàng tháng, hàng năm, không thay đổi dựa trên số giờ làm việc)

Wage /weɪdʒ/ (n)

Tiền công (là số tiền được trả hàng tuần hoặc theo từng ngày dựa vào số tiền làm theo giờ, ngày hoặc tuần hoặc thỏa thuận dựa trên dịch vụ nào đó)

Celebration /,selə'breɪʃən/ (n)

Sự kỷ niệm, lễ kỷ niệm

Celebrity /sə'lebrəti/ (n)

Người nổi tiếng

Numerate /'nju:mərət/ (a)

Có kiến thức toán học

Numerous /'nju:mərəs/ (a)

Rất nhiều, rất đông

Reliant /rɪ'laɪənt/ (a)

Phụ thuộc vào, dựa dẫm vào ai

Reliable /rɪ'laɪəbəl/ (a)

Đáng tin cậy

Relation /rɪ'leɪʃən/ (n)

Mối quan hệ, mối tương quan; giao thiệp (giữa hai người, hai nước,...)

Relationship /rɪ'leɪʃənʃɪp/ (n)

Mối quan hệ (thân thiết giữa những người cụ thể như trong gia đình, cặp đôi, hàng xóm,...)

Initiative /ɪ'nɪʃətɪv/ (n)

Sáng kiến; sự khởi xướng

Initial /ɪ'nɪʃəl/ (a)

Đầu, đầu tiên

Live /lɪv/ (v) (a)

Sống, hoạt động

Lively /'laɪvli/ (a)

Sinh động; hoạt bát hăng hái

Addicted /ə'dɪktɪd/ (a)

Say mê, nghiện

Addictive /ə'dɪktɪv/ (a)

Có tính gây nghiện

Hard /hɑ:d/ (a)

Cứng rắn; gian khổ; nghiêm khắc

Hardly /'hɑ:dli/ (adv)

Hầu như không

Advantageous /,ædvən'teɪdʒəs/ (a)

Có lợi, thuận lợi

Advantaged /əd'va:ntɪdʒd/ (a)

May mắn (Ở trong một hoàn cảnh xã hội hoặc tài chính tốt)

Outbreak /'autbreɪk/ (n)

Sự bùng nổ, bùng phát

Breakout /'breɪkaʊt/(n)

Sự vượt ngục

Clothing /'kləʊðɪŋ/(n)

Quần áo (đặc trưng cho một quốc gia hay một giai đoạn lịch sử nào đó)

Cloth /klɒθ/(n)

Mảnh vải

Estimate /'estɪmɪt/ (n)

Sự đánh giá, sự ước lượng (thường là về kích cỡ, số lượng, chi phí... của cái gì; sự dự đoán giá của vật nào)

Estimations ʌesti'meiʃən/ (n)

Sự đánh giá; sự ước lượng (thường là đánh giá hoặc đưa ra ý kiến về giá trị hoặc phẩm chất của ai/ cái gì; phán đoán về mức độ hoặc số lượng của một thứ gì đó)

Employment /ɪm'plɔimənt / (n)

việc làm, sự tuyển dụng ai đó vào làm

Employability/im,pbiə'biləti/(n)

Khả năng tuyển dụng của ai (những khả năng này bao gồm kỹ năng, kiến thức, thái độ... khiến họ phù hợp cho một công việc được trả 126

lương) 130

131

132

133 134

135

136

137

138 139

140

141

Well-paid /,wel 'peɪd/ (a)

Được trả lương cao

High-paid /,hai 'peɪd/ (a)

Dùng để mô tả những người kiếm được nhiều tiền

Competitive /kəm'petətɪv/ (a)

Cạnh tranh (giữa các tổ chức, giữa những người với nhau; dùng để diễn tả khả năng cạnh tranh (có thể tốt như hoặc tốt hơn) so với những thứ/ người khác)

Competing /kəm'pɪ:tɪŋ/ (a)

Khác nhau, đối chọi nhau, không thể cùng tồn tại (chỉ những ý kiến, sở thích, lời giải thích,...); cạnh tranh nhau để giành khách hàng hoặc để thành công hơn những đối thủ khác (dùng để chỉ những sản phẩm, dịch vụ, doanh nghiệp khác nhau)

Crushing /'krʌʃɪŋ/ (a)

Làm tan nát, làm liểng xiểng (dùng để nhấn mạnh cái gì tệ, tàn khốc như thế nào)

Crushed /krʌʃt/ (a)

Bị làm gãy, bị nghiền nát, bị đè nát,...

Comparative /kəm'pærətɪv/ (a)

So sánh, tương đối

Comparable /'kɒmpərəbl/ (a)

Có thể so sánh được, có khả năng so sánh

Comment /'kɒmentɪd/ (v)

Bình luận, bày tỏ ý kiến về cái gì đó

Commentate /'kɒmənteɪt/ (v)

Tường thuật, đưa ra mô tả bằng giọng nói về một sự kiện khi nó xảy ra, đặc biệt là trên truyền hình hoặc đài phát thanh

Hang - hanged - hanged (v)

Treo cổ ai( động từ nguyên mẫu và quá khứ, quá khứ phân từ)

Hang - hung - hung (v)

Treo một vật lên một vật nào đó ( động từ nguyên mẫu và quá khứ, quá khứ phân từ)

Publication /,pʌbh'keɪʃn/ (n)

Sự công bố, sự xuất bản (sách, báo,...)

Publicity /pʌb'lɪsətɪ / (n)

Sự công khai; sự làm cho thiên hạ biết đến; sự quảng cáo, sự rao hàng

Spices /spaɪsiz/ (n)

Đồ gia vị, điều làm thêm hấp dẫn, chất làm đậm đà; mắm muối (câu chuyện...)

Species /'spi:ʃl:z/ (n)

Loài

Impressive /im'presiv/ (a)

Gây ấn tượng sâu sắc, gây xúc động, gợi cảm

Impressible /ɪm'presibl/ (a)

Dễ cảm động, dễ cảm kích; dễ bị ảnh hưởng

eommunieatɪve/kə'mju:nɪkətɪv/(a)

Dễ truyền; hay lan truyền; cởi mở, hay thổ lộ tâm sự

Communicable /kə'mju:nɪkəbl/ (a)

Có thể lan truyền, có thể lây, có thể truyền đạt

Memorize /'meməʃraiz/ (v)

Học thuộc lòng, ghi nhớ, đưa thông tin vào trí nhớ (có chủ ý)

Remember /rɪ'mɛmbər/ (v)

Nhớ, nghĩ về một kỉ niệm hoặc một sự việc trong quá khứ hay bạn tự nhớ ra một điều gì đó.

Inflammable /in'flæməbl/ (a)

Dễ cháy (= flammable /'flæməbl/)

Nonflammable /.nɒn 'flæməbl/ (a)

Không dễ cháy, không bắt lửa 127

142

143 144

145

146

147

148

149

150 151 152

153 154

Status /'steɪtəs/ (a)

Tình trạng (làm việc, ăn ở..); địa vị (một người, một nhóm, một đất nước), thân phận, thân thế

State /steɪt/ (a)

Tình trạng (tinh thần, tình cảm hoặc thể chất của một người, một vật), bang, quốc gia, nhà nước

Outlook /'autʃluk/ (n)

Quang cảnh, viễn cảnh, cách nhìn, quan điểm

Lookout /'lukaut/ (n)

Đài quan sát, người canh gác

Careful /'keəful/ (aɔ

Cẩn thận, thận trọng để không làm tổn thương mình hoặc phá hỏng cái gì; kỹ lưỡng, chu đáo (tập trung vào những chi tiết)

Caring /'kɛəriŋ/ (a)

Chu đáo, ân cần, thể hiện rằng bạn quan tâm đến người khác

Romance /rou'mæns/ (n)

Mối tình lãng mạn; sự mơ mộng, tính lãng mạn; truyện tình lãng mạn

Romanticism /rou'maenti'sizəm/(n)

Chủ nghĩa lãng mạn, sự lãng mạng hóa ( mô tả mọi thứ theo cách khiến chúng nghe có vẻ thú vị hoặc bí ẩn hơn thực tế)

Differential /,dɪfə'renʃl/ (a)

(Chỉ đứng trước danh từ) thể hiện sự khác nhau, chênh lệch, không đồng đều

Different /'difrənt/ (a)

Khác

Attraction /ə'trækʃn/ (n)

Sự thu hút, hấp dẫn (địa danh, địa điểm như các kỳ quan, danh lam,...); Sự hấp dẫn trong vật lý như lực hút trái đất, lực hút từ,...

Attractiveness /ə'træktivnɪs/ (n)

(Danh từ không đếm được) sự hấp dẫn, sự thu hút ở con người, sự thu hút khác giới chủ yếu là về ngoại hình

Marriageable /'mæridʒəbl/ (a)

Có thể kết hôn; đủ tư cách để kết hôn

Marital /'mæritəl/ (a)

(Thuộc) vợ chồng; (thuộc) hôn nhân

Married /'mærid/(a)

Đã kết hôn

Ageing /'eidʒiŋ/ (a)

(Thường đứng trước danh từ) trở nên già đi, ít hữu ích, khỏe mạnh hơn

Aged /'eɪdʒɪd/ (a)

Ở độ tuổi già(không đứng trước danh từ), rất già, cao tuổi

Questionnaire /,kwɛstʃə'nɛər/ (n)

Bảng câu hỏi (để điều tra, để thăm dò ý kiến)

Question /'kwɛstʃən/ (n)

Câu hỏi, vấn đề, điều bàn đến

Quantity /'kwɒntəti/ (n)

Số lượng của một thứ gì đó

Quality /'kwɒləti/ (n)

Chất lượng của một thứ gì đó

Use /ju:z/ (n/v)

Chỉ về việc áp dụng/ sử dụng/ vận dụng một thứ gì đó vào một hoàn cảnh cụ thể (Riêng biệt); sử dụng, dùng

Usage /'ju:sɪdʒ/ (n)

Cách sử dụng từ

Quite / kwait / (adv)

Hoàn toàn, khá

Quiet /'kwaɪət/ (a)

Yên lặng, yên tĩnh

Attendee /ə,ten'dɪ:/ (n)

Người tham dự 128

155

156 157

158 159 160

Attendant / ə'tendənt / (n)

Người phục vụ (ở các sự kiện, hội thảo,...)

Attendance /ə'tendəns/(n)

Sự tham dự, số lượng người tham dự

Functions (n)

Chức năng, nhiệm vụ của ai/cái gì

Functionality /,fʌŋkʃə'næləti/ (n)

Tính hữu dụng của sản phẩm nào đó; tính năng của cái gì

Origin /'ɔridʒin/ (n)

Nguồn gốc, căn nguyên; dòng dõi, lai lịch

Originality / ə,ridʤi'nælɪtɪ / (n)

Tính chất độc đáo; tính chất sáng tạo, mới mẻ

Inability ʌinə'biliti/ (n)

Sự không có khả năng/năng lực làm gì

Disability /,ɪnə'bɪləti/ (n)

Sự ốm yếu tàn tật (không thể sử dụng một phần cơ thể hoàn toàn hoặc dễ dàng hoặc không có khả năng học dễ dàng)

Informative / in'fɔ:mətiv / (a)

Cung cấp nhiều tin tức, có nhiều tài liệu

Informed /in'fɔ:md/ (a)

Có hiểu biết, am hiểu

Powder /'paʊdə(r)/(n)

Bột

Power /'paʊə(r)/ (n)

Sức mạnh, quyền lực

Worth /wɜ:θ/ (a)

Có giá là bao nhiêu

Price /praɪs/ (v)

Đặt giá, định giá

Cost /kɑ:st/ (y)

Trị giá; phải trả

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 1 (BỔ SUNG THÊM TỪ CÂU 121 – 178 SO VỚI 2020) 1. In your capacity as a judge, you have to work with high concentration. You must make A B C uninterested judgment. D 2. The building was formally used as a bank, but it has been turned into a church recently. A B C D 3. A considerate amount of time and effort has gone into this exhibition. A B C D 4. I’m very appreciable of all the support you’ve given me. A B C D 5. Emotional problems, such as stress, anxiety, or depression, can make a person more A B C forgettable. D 6. Life expectation for both men and women has improved greatly in the past 20 years. A B C D 7. Everyone would go into the hall for assembly and then afterwards we’d go to our A B C respectful classes D 8. You should be more respectable of other people’s points of view. Don’t embarrass A B C D someone even if they are wrong. 129

9. This type of computer jargon is barely comprehensive to most people. A B C D 10. From our points of view, we do not see how these changes will be beneficent to the company. A B C D 11. She wasn’t very complementary about your performance, was she? A B C D 12. We discussed the problem but we didn’t get much farther in actually solving it. A B C D 13. I think the sensitive thing to do is call and ask for directions. A B C D 14. We must develop more rapid, responsible systems for dealing with online messages. A B C D 15. Our team won the trophy for the second successful season. A B C D 16. The novel is regarded as one of the classical works. I really love reading it in my free time. A B C D 17. Doctors fear possible epidemics of cholera, malaria, and other deadthly diseases. A B C D 18. Recovery after the accident will be a continual process that may take several months. A B C D 19. With rents so high, it wasn’t economic to continue to live in the city. A B C D 20. The newspaper, or more especially, the editor, was taken to court for publishing the A B C D photographs. 21. Most of these women are very poorly paid and work in terrific conditions. A B C D 22. An area with a favourite climate will inevitably be richer than one without. A B C D 23. It is awful to see these magnificent creatures in flight. I have never seen these things before. A B C D 24. This win could prove to be a historical turning point in the fortunes of the team. A B C D 25. You’ll need to be a little more imaginable if you want to hold their attention. A B C D 26. Her suite of rooms was cool and restless and there was a small balcony beyond the A B C D bedroom window. 27. Every employee is expected to be competent and industrial because wage rates A B C depend on levels of productivity. D 28. The service was not entirely dependent and flights were often cancelled. A B C D 29. The documentary offers an insight into the every day lives of millions of ordinary Russian citizens. A B C D 30. We need someone really effective who can organize the office and make it smoothly. 130

A B C D 31. The organization works on the principal that all members have the same rights. A B C D 32. She offered me more money or a car and I chose the later. A B C D 33. In this teaching practice, teachers illicit and build on their students’ mathematical insights. A B C D 34. The children were surprised by the sudden entrance of their teacher. A B C D 35. Her health has improved drastically since she started on this new diet. A B C D 36. His company offers a flexible package service for the food industry. A B C D 37. A growing percent of women are delaying marriage to pursue professional careers. A B C D 38. She made a fabulous desert with alternate layers of chocolate and cream. A B C D 39. The new trade agreement should felicitate more rapid economic growth. A B C D 40. He was arrested at the airport with a kilo of heroine secreted in his clothing. A B C D 41. She complained that her husband never paid her any complement anymore. A B C D 42. The accident caused intensive damage to both cars, but fortunately no one died. A B C D 43. The text has numerous foul, but none are particularly significant. A B C D 44. We really should meet sometimes soon to discuss the details. A B C D 45. The author’s wife was a good editor, beside being a great writer herself. A B C D 46. Therefore, heavy reliance on this single strategy is highly unsafe, and the timely A B development of alternative or complementary methods to chemical control is advisory, C D 47. We will offer you a comprehensible training in all aspects of the business if you take this course. A B C D 48. When a child becomes a teenager, he encounters many experiences which are new A B for him to handle independently and on his own. Children of this age are often highly suggested. C D 49. The course has four main ingredients: business law, finance, computing and management skills. A B C D 50. He was not seriously wounded, though his coach took him off at half-time as a precaution. A B C D 51. Someone has leaked confident government Information to the press. A B C D 131

52. Scientists have invented how to predict an earthquake. A B C D 53. Safety regulations are being neglected by company managers in the drive to increase profits. A B C D 54. The study founded that men who were married lived longer than those who were not. A B C D 55. She lied aside her book and went to answer the phone. A B C D 56. We were having such a good time that we decided to last our stay by another week. A B C D 57. The government has pledged to drop the amount of chemicals used in food production. A B C D 58. The plans for the new development have risen angry protests from local residents. A B C D 59. I’m exhausted. I’d like to rest a while before we continue, A B C D 60. The police offered an award for any information about the robbery. A B C D 61. Mia, you’re always forgetting your car keys on your desk. I’m getting tired of A B C D telling you about that. 62. The repayment period will be expanded from 20 years to 25 years. A B C D 63. She gave me her insurance that she would sign the contract immediately. A B C D 64. Some of the larger birds can remain stationery in the air for several minutes. A B C D 65. In September, these birds immigrate 2,000 miles south to a warmer climate. A B C D 66. There aren’t any posters, so we’ll have to find a trolley for the luggage. A B C D 67. Farmers are facing ruin after two years of severe draught. A B C D 68. I’d have sank if he hadn’t happened along and pulled me out of the river. A B C D 69. The country’s president is seeking to repair relations with the United States. A B C D 70. She’s been accused of disusing federal funds to pay for her son’s private A B C D school expenses. 71. Doctors are trained to realize the symptoms of different diseases. A B C D 72. The sun was hot, and there were no trees to offer US shadow. A B C D 73. How much did you have to lend to pay for this? A B C D 74. She is always polite and considerable towards her employees. 132

A B C D 75. His continuous demands for sympathy became quite a strain on his friends. A B C D 76. I’ll need to take out extra car assurance for another driver. A B C D 77. He’s the author of several hugely successive children’s books. A B C D 78. I discovered latter that she’d known all about it from the beginning. A B C D 79. The equator is an imaginative line around the middle of the earth. A B C D 80. We only need one more player for this game. Can you convince your sister to join in? A B C D 81. The activity of English and French pirates began in the 16th century, and reached A B C its climate in the middle of the 17th century. D 82. Unfortunately, the authors have been unsuccessful so far in finding a satisfying A B C explanation for this surprisingly simple correlation within the framework of the present theory. D 83. I am sick of being too sacred to say what I think, or to tell people when they are out of line. A B C D 84. We can confirm that we have been in communication with the application and have A B C responded fully to any concerns raised by her. D 85. In addition to a competitive salary, the company offers attractive benefits. As a A B result, the number of employers in the company has trebled over the past decade. C D 86. It has to be said it was rather ingenious of him to ask a complete stranger to A B C take care of his luggage. D 87. She gave him detailed directions on the procedure to be followed so that he can A B C quickly complete the task. D 88. It’s a very permissible school where the children are allowed to do whatever they want. A B C D 89. One of the minus points of working at home is not having sociable contact with colleagues. A B C D 90. The building was burnt to the ground with all that it contained, including his A B C private dairy for forty years. D 133

91. A mouse is a devise that makes it easier to select different options from computer menus. A B C D 92. Any manufacturer who does not conform to the standards could be persecuted A B C under the Consumers Protection Act, 1987. D 93. I know you’ve been trained as a teacher, but do you have any practicable A B C teaching experience? D 94. The realty of the situation is that unless we find some new funding soon, the youth A B C centre will have to close. D 95. He entered the United States in 1988 as a permanent residence because of his A B C marriage to a U.S. citizen. D 96. Designed to enhance stability and wartime production, the new laws only lowered A B workers’ moral and decreased output. C D 97. These youngsters are often involved in pretty crime such as shoplifting and casual theft. A B C D 98. The system has been designed to give the user quick and easy excess to the A B C required information. D 99. Certain chemicals have been banned because of their damaging affect on the A B C environment. However, many farmers are still using them on their farm. D 100. The ways in which organisms have adopted to survive in this extreme A B C environment are not well understood. D 101. We should remember that all these things have been discovered by way of A B rigorous analysis and exhausted experience, not by intuition. C D 102. Not surprisingly, parents who show antipathy toward their child are also more A B likely to be emotionally or physically negligible and abusive. C D 103. Though it was adopted energetically, its real impact eventually proved neglected, A B C except for an initial flutter of activity. 134

D 104. He’s a good teacher, but he doesn’t have much patients with the slower pupils. A B C D 105. Numerate substances are found in nature and in the body that function as A B C protective agents against oxygen-free radicals. D 106. Police are investigating a possible relative between the murder and a robbery that A B C took place last year. D 107. Broker-dealers must use their judgment in assessing whether the issuer A B information is from a reliant source. C D 108. Managers were asked what one piece of advise they would give to the board to improve A B C the quality of their working lives. D 109. The final technical report into the accident reinforces the findings of initiative investigations. A B C D 110. She holds a degree in human resource management from San Francisco State University. A B C D 111. People may also become celebrations due to media attention on their lifestyle, A B wealth, or controversial actions, or for their connection to a famous person. C D 112. Any healthy relation should allow each partner to feel respected enough to share A B C an opinion, even if it opposes the other partner’s opinion. D 113. An advertisement strategy is a plan to reach and persuade a customer to buy a A B C D product or a service. 114. People who cannot find time for creation are obliged sooner or later to find time for illness. A B C D 115. Take some foreign currency to cover incidentals like the taxi fee to your hotel. A B C D 116. Your annual wage is the amount of money your employer pays you over the A B course of a year in exchange for the work you perform. C D 117. The Oscars award ceremony is one of the famous ceremonies in the world, and A B is watched lively on TV in over 200 countries. C D 118. Wildlife conversation is the practice of protecting wild species and 135

A B their habitats in order to prevent species from going extinct. C D 119. The treatment for people addictive to tranquillizers includes training in stress A B C management and relaxation techniques. D 120. I’m not surprised he failed his exam - he didn’t exactly try very hardly! A B C D 121. After having chicken pox as a child, I am susceptible to getting a breakout of shingles since the A B C virus is already in my system. D 122. There were several competitive accounts of what actually happened that night. A B C D 123. There's milk on the floor over there - could you get a cleaning clothing and mop it up? A B C D 124. According to some estimations, almost half the world is living through this A B pandemic without the internet. C D 125. I intend to take an IT course because acquiring enhanced IT skills will improve my A B C employment D 126. They sell a wide range of domestic applications —washing machines, dishwashers A B C and so on. D 127. This city is full of well-paid software engineers, which is very difficult for me to find a job. A B C D 128. The crushing leaves of yarrow can serve as a traditional medicine for cleansing wounds. A B C D 129. Inflation is now at a rate comparative with that in other European countries. A B C D 130. Each of these stages is an element in a complex sociable structure and cultural context. A B C D 131. He has commented and written up nearly 50 match reports all over the world. A B C D 132. Inside the villa, the first thing you will notice is an old-fashioned gas lamp hanged A B C D from the ceiling. 133. I absolutely deny to take part in any unethical or illegal activities such as gambling, A B C stealing and drug dealing. D 134. She was rather annoying to discover that her boyfriend hadn't told her the truth. 136

A B C D 135. Her business is such a rare successful story in the time of deep economic recession. A B C D 136. According to one high placed source, the prime minister had threatened to resign over A B C D this issue. 137. The FBI had a major international incident last year, but they did such a good job A B covering it up to avoid publication that no one knows what happened specifically. C D 138. Our client an International conservation charity is looking for a press official to A B cover a maternity leave vacancy at their zoo. C D 139 The new government has decided to set all political prisoners freely. A B C D 140. The four-time champion was unexpectedly hit in the second round of the competition. A B C D 141. My younger brother is determined to erase the memory of a disappointed A B C Cup debut two years ago. D 142. You'll get more flavour from the species if you grind them into a powder. A B C D 143. These metal exercises are designed to break linear thinking habits and encourage A B C the creativity that is needed for innovation. D 144. Children at an impressive age should be under close parental supervision since they A B may be led astray by their unsuitable friends. C D 145. Covid-19, a highly communicative disease, will wreak havoc on a massive scale A B C unless necessary prevention measures are implemented. D 146. People gathered in the main square on the Independence Day to memorize those A B C who had made the supreme sacrifice for the liberation of the nation. D 147. Given its recent cancellations of numerous flights, many people have expressed A B C doubts about the reliance of the airline. D 148. The team's spirits were really low after the first loss, but their morality was A B 137

improved remarkably after the next three consecutive victories. C D 149. Protective gear for fire fighters is supposed to make of inflammable materials so A B as to eliminate the risk of fires. C D 150. Public speaking is quite a frightening experience for many people as it can A B produce a status of mind similar to panic. C D 151. One necessary preventive measure to be take is that the public should be on the A B C outlook for symptoms of the disease. D 152. TikTok, a very entertained application, has become popular with the young recently. A B C D 153. He was described as a good man, a careful father and a considerate neighbor. A B C D 154. He was a well-known writer with his writing style combining between realism and romance. A B C D 155. My boss have said that we have a different salary structure based on employees' experience. A B C D 156. In my experiences, very few people really understand the problem so as to find a A B C good solution to it. D 157. Physical attraction is very important to some people, but I love her for her characters. A B C D 158. He reached marital age, but he still liked hanging around with his lazy friends, which A B C made his parents upset. D 159. About 23% of men and women ageing 25 to 34 said they had lived with a partner A B C without getting married. D 160. Parents worry over a school's quality and the attention of its staff. A B C D 161. This recipe is only for four, so I usually double the quality if I'm cooking for my family, A B C D 162. Visitors to the country have been asked to fill in a detailed question which tries to A B C find out what make them wish to return to this country. D 163. According to the results of some research, the earliest recorded use of the word is A B C D in the twelfth century. 138

164. These companies operate under a strict array of rules, which helps them run smoothly. A B C D 165. Seeing him sleeping well, she spoke in a quite voice so as not to wake him. A B C D 166. Being a pool attendee, his main responsibility is to keep a constant watch on swimmers. A B C D 167. Banks have realized they need to provide additional functions at ATMs. A B C D 168. I'm not a heavy drinker but a societal drinker - I only drink when I'm with other people. A B C D 169. Students are supposed to show initiative, imagination and origin in their work if A B C they want to get high marks. D 170. The number of employers in the company has trebled over the past decade. A B C D 171. They have carried exhausting research into the effects of smartphone on schoolchildren’s A B behaviour and their academic performance. C D 172. A packet of white power was found and police scientists are analysing it. A B C D 173. There being no posters, we'll have to find a trolley for the luggage. A B C D 174. Can you close the window? I'm in a drought. A B C D 175. There is no doubt that the cost of living in many megacities around the world is raising. A B C D 176. Thieves broke the shop window and carried off jewellery priced thousands of pounds. A B C D 177. Unnecessary to say, she’ll face the axe soon should her productivity not improve. A B C D 178. It is essential to provide high school students with adequate career orientation, so A B they can make more informative decisions about their future major. C D 4.2. Sai về cách dùng của đại từ Đại từ nhân xưng

Tân ngữ

Tính từ sở hữu

Đại từ sở hữu

Đại từ phản thân

mine

myself

You

you

Your

yours

yourself

Our

ours

ourselves

You

you

Your

yours

yourselves 139

They

them

Their

theirs

themselves

him

His

his

himself

She

her

Her

hers

herself

Its

its

itself

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 2 Question 1: John and Jane would like to have her own house in the future. A B C D Question 2: I am going to a wedding on Saturday. A friend of me is getting married. A B C D Question 3: It's a shame that the apartment hasn't got their own parking space. A B C D Question 4: Jack was sitting in a corner of the cafe by themselves when I came. A B C D Question 5: It’s always been one of myself ambitions to travel around the world. A B C D Question 6: He has too many problems of him to help you with your own. A B C D Question 7: The author of the letter describes myself as a senior government. A B C D Question 8: We walked around to familiarize the children with our new speaking. A B C D Question 9: I'd like to have a garden so that I could grow its own vegetables. A B C D Question 10: I remember closing the door behind mine because I am having the key here. A B C D Question 11: My parents have gone away with some friends of them. A B C D Question 12: He ought to be ashamed of him, being rude to parents like that. A B C D Question 13: Now that you’re a well-known novelist, you must here a lot about herself A B on TV and in the newspaper. C D Question 14: I could see my brother coming through the park so I hid behind a tree A B C and waited to surprise them. D Question 15: All my friends were away, so he Just didn't know what to do with myself. A B C D Question 16: The trousers you bought me were nice and it fit me. A B C D Question 17: My boyfriend's mother is a very famous singer. I love his songs a lot. A B C D Question 18: The news comes after they emerged that the highly contagious British A B 140

Covid-19 variant has now been reported in every state in the US. C D Question 19: People come to buy things for his houses because of the plentiful goods here. A B C D Question 20: The attractions in Singapore are quite close to each other, so travelling A B C between themselves is convenient. D Question 21: The helpline promotes child participation in their operations by involving children A B C as peer communicators. D Question 22: In Britain friends often give their presents at Christmas. A B C D Question 23: Children used to play outdoors with things it found, like stones or feathers. A B C D Question 24: Although he helped other athletes in their preparations for competing at A B C high attitudes, they found it difficult to acclimatize himself. D Question 25: There were only a few classrooms and its walls were made of mud and straw. A B C D Question 26: In 1995, I went back to Vietnam after 30 years and to its surprise, the A B C population was three times higher. D Question 27: His house was far away so I had to live with my relatives. A B C D Question 28: Both of us were very talented and influential but I prefer Steve Jobs. A B C D Question 29: A lot of people left his home villages for urban areas hoping to find a better job. A B C D Question 30: Soot does not only have an impact on global warming and climate A B C change, but they are also unhealthy. D

4.3 Sai về thì của động từ BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 3 Question 1: I am understanding biology a lot better now that we've got a new teacher. A B C D Question 2: Have you met any of your neighbours since you live here? A B C D Question 3: After he will leave school, he will spend six months in India. 141

A B C D Question 4: This is the first time I see Jan look embarrassed about a girl. A B C D Question 5: When I started to study university, I lived with my parents. A B C D Question 6: Last week I have to bring work home every night to get it all done. A B C D Question 7: They had been given help and advice before they were making the decision. A B C D Question 8: As part of my job, I am travelling abroad a lot so I need to improve my English. A B C D Question 9: I come from Italy but I study in England at the moment. A B C D Question 10: She wrote the book since she was twenties and at last it's finished. A B C D Question 11: He played football all afternoon and needs a shower. A B C D Question 12: I feel terrible. I think I will be sick. A B C D Question 13: Thanks for lending me the money. I am paying you back on Friday. A B C D Question 14: I first met Steve and Rosie when they go out with their best friend. A B C D Question 15: As planned I will meet Kate tomorrow morning for our shared project. A B C D Question 16: Do you please turn the music down? It’s too loud. A B C D Question 17: By the time I picked up the phone, they already rang off. A B C D Question 18: Paul and Anna had an argument and now they don't speak to one another. A B C D Question 19: By the time he arrives in Ho Chi Minh City tomorrow, the event will be happening. A B C D Question 20: By 1987, he has been working in New York for 3 years. A B C D Question 21: It snowed heavily for hours and when I went to the door I couldn't open it. A B C D Question 22: By the time we reach Da Nang, we drove for twelve hours. A B C D Question 23: Do you think they will complete the construction of the tunnel by the end of this year? A B C D Question 24: Robert usually go away two or three times a year. A B C D Question 25: I live with some friends until I find a place. A B C D Question 26: At lunch time tomorrow, they are having a meal with their friends from Mexico. A B C D 142

Question 27: By the time the train arrives, we will be waiting here for more than half an hour. A B C D Question 28: You will have been able to see much better with these new glasses. A B C D Question 29: Alan says he’s 90 years old but nobody believed him. A B C D Question 30: When we walked home, I met Dan, my old friend. A B C D Question 31: At the end of our journey we were extremely tired. We have travelled for A B C more than 24 hours. D Question 32: We knew Betty since she moved to our neighbourhood. A B C D Question 33: At this time last week the children took part in the English-Speaking Contest. A B C D Question 34: He is normally patient, but today he behaves unreasonably about waiting. A B C D Question 35: It is dangerous to use your phone when you drive. A B C D Question 36: This time next week we will have lain on the beach. A B C D Question 37: Yesterday I met an old school friend who I haven’t seen for years. A B C D Question 38: I am sleeping at this time yesterday. A B C D Question 39: You add the salt finally after the meat is cooked. A B C D Question 40: Before she went out yesterday, she washed her hair. A B C D V. TÌNH HUỐNG GIAO TIẾP CÁC TÌNH HUỐNG GIAO TIẾP THƯỜNG GẶP 1. Lời mời và cách đáp lại lời mời Tình huống mẫu

Đồng ý

- Would you like a cup of - Yes, please. coffee? (Vâng, cảm ơn). (Bạn có muốn một tách cà phê - I’d love to, thanks. không?) (Mình rất hân hạnh, cám ơn).

Từ chối - I’m sorry to refuse your invitation. (Tôi rất tiếc phải từ chối lời mời của bạn).

- I can’t, sorry. I have to work. - That’s very kind of you, (Tôi không thể, xin lỗi nhé. Tôi - Would you like to come to thanks. my party this Saturday? có việc rồi). - It’s very nice of you, thanks. (Bạn có muốn tới bữa tiệc của - Thanks for your invitation but 143

mình thứ Bảy tuần này không?)

- Would you care to join us?

(Bạn thật tốt, cám ơn).

I’m busy now.

- That sounds lovely, thanks.

(Cảm ơn bạn đã mời nhưng giờ tôi bận rồi).

(Nghe thú vị đó, cảm ơn).

(Bạn muốn tham gia cùng - Thank you for your kind - I’m afraid I won’t be able to come. chúng tôi không?) invitation. (Tôi e là không thể tới được). (Cảm ơn vì lời mời của bạn). - I’m afraid I am busy tomorrow. - Do you want to go out with - I’ll be glad to do so. me tonight? (Tôi e là ngày mai tôi bận rồi). (Tôi rất vui được làm thế). (Bạn có muốn đi chơi cùng - Thanks, I’d like that very - Sony, I’d love to but I have an mình tối nay không?) much. (Cảm ơn nhé, tôi thích appointment. như vậy lắm). (Xin lỗi nha, tôi rất thích nhưng tôi có cuộc hẹn rồi). - Do you feel like going for a - That’s a great idea. walk?

(Thật là ý tưởng tuyệt vời).

(Bạn có muốn đi dạo không?)

- I really don’t think I can, sorry.

- Thanks for inviting me. (Cảm (Mình nghĩ là mình không thể rồi. Xin lỗi nha). ơn đã mời tôi). - Many thanks for your kind - That’s very kind of you, but I invitation. I’ll join you. (Cảm ơn can’t accept your invitation. rất nhiều vì lời mời. Tôi sẽ tới). - With pleasure! (Rất sẵn lòng).

(Bạn thật tốt nhưng mình lại không nhận lời được ròi).

- Sure. (Chắc chắn rồi). - Yeah, why not! (Vâng, sao lại không nhỉ). - Sounds good. (Nghe thú vị đấy).

2. Lời yêu cầu, đề nghị và cách đáp lại 2.1. Hỏi xin phép làm gì và cách đáp lại Tình huống mẫu

Đồng ý

Từ chối

144

- Can I borrow your books? (Mình có thể mượn những cuốn sách của bạn không?) - Could I have some cake? (Con có thể ăn một chút bánh không?) - Could I possibly sit here? (Tôi có thể ngồi ở đây không?)

- Yes, sure. / Yes, of course. (Chắc chắn là được chứ.)

- Well, I’m afraid...(+ lý do) (Mình e là.....)

- Yes, that’ fine. (Được mà). - Certainly. (Chắc chắn rồi) - Of course, you can. (Chắc chắn là có thể rồi).

- Well, the problem is… (Ồ, vấn đề là....)

- Is it OK/ all right if I open the window? (Có được không nếu tôi mở cửa sổ ra?) - Do you mind if I turn on the - No, not at all. TV? (Không, không sao đâu).

- Sony, but… (Xin lỗi nhưng.....)

(Bạn có phiền không nếu tôi bật - No, of course not. ti vi lên?) (Tất nhiên là không rồi). - May I help you? (Mình có thể -Yes, please. (Vâng. Làm ơn). giúp bạn không?)

- Thank you. I’ll do it. (Cảm ơn. Mình sẽ tự làm).

- Can I have the bill? (Cho tôi - Just a moment/ minute. cái hóa đơn được không?) (Chờ một phút ạ). - Can I bring my friends to the - The more the merrier. party? (Mình có thể đưa bạn tới (Càng đông càng vui). bữa tiệc cùng không?)

2.2. Lời đềnghị, yêu cầu và cách đáp lại Tình huống mẫu

Đồng ý

Từ chối

- Can you help me with this exercise? (Bạn có thể giúp tôi bài tập này không?) - Could you close the door ? (Bạn có thể đóng cửa vào không?) - Will you help me give this letter to him? (Bạn sẽ giúp tôi đưa lá thư này cho anh ấy chứ?)

Yes, sure.

Well, I’m afraid + (lý do).

Yes, of course.

Well, the problem is...

Certainly.

(Ồ, mình e là...

(Tất nhiên là được rồi).

(Ồ, vấn đề là...)

- Would you make dinner 145

today? (Bạn sẽ nấu bữa tối nay nhé?)

No, not at all.

- Do you mind turning off the lights before going out? (Bạn có thể tắt hết điện trước khi ra khỏi nhà không?)

Of course not.

Sorry, but.... (Xin lỗi, nhưng....)

(Tất nhiên là không rồi).

Would you mind cleaning the house? (Anh có thể lau nhà được không?)

3. Lời gợi ý và cách đáp lại Tình huống mẫu

Đồng ý

Từ chối

- Let’s go out for lunch. - Yes, I’d love to. /Yes, I’d (Cùng ra ngoài ăn trưa đi.) like to. (Mình rất thích). - What about going to the - What a good idea! (Đúng beach this summer? (Thế đi là ý tưởng hay). tới bãi biển mùa hè này thì - Why not? (Sao lại không sao?) nhỉ) - How about cooking at - Yes, that sounds like a home? (Thế thì nấu cơm ở great idea. (Được, nghe có nhà nhé?) vẻ là ý kiến hay đấy). - Why don’t we eat some - Yes, that’s not a bad idea. fruit now? (Sao chúng ta (Được, ý tưởng không tồi). không ăn một ít trái cây - Count me in too. (Mình nhỉ?) tham gia cùng nhé) - Couldn’t we go to the park? (Chúng ta có thể tới - Yes, let’s. (Được, cùng làm nhé.) công viên không?) - Shall we go by train? - It sounds good to me/ Sounds good to me. (Nghe (Hãy cùng đi tàu nhé?) hay đó). - Does it matter if we leave a bit earlier? (Có sao không - I’m up for it. (Mình đồng ý nếu chúng ta rời đi sớm nha). hơn?) - Let’s do that. (Quyết định vậy đi).

- No, let’s not. (Không, đừng làm thế). - Well, I’d rather/ I prefer... (Ồ, mình thích...hơn) - I don’t feel like it. (Mình thấy không thích lắm). - No, thanks. (Không cảm ơn). - I’m not sure. (Mình cũng không chắc). - I don’t think that’s a good idea. (Tớ không nghĩ đó là ý hay đâu). - We had better not... (Tốt nhất là ta không nên...) - We had better/ we should ... (chúng ta nên).

- I can’t agree more. (Đồng ý tuyệt đối).

146

4. Lời xin lỗi và cách đáp lại: Tình huống mẫu

Chấp nhận lời xin lỗi - It doesn’t matter (Chuyện đó không có gì quan trọng đâu). - Don’t apologize (Không cần phải xin lỗi đâu). - That’s all right, (ổn thôi).

Sorry, I’m late.

- It’s alright. (Ổn thôi).

(Xin lỗi mình đến muộn).

- It’s okay. (Không sao). - Don’t mention it. (Không sao đâu). - Never mind. (Đừng bận tâm). - No worries. (Đừng lo gì nhé). - I quite understand. (Tôi thông cảm mà/ Tôi hiểu mà).

5. Lời cảm ơn và cách đáp lại Tình huống mẫu

Cách đáp lại - That’s all right! (Không có gì cả đâu!) - You’re welcome. (Không có gì).

Thank you for helping me. (Cảm ơn vì đã giúp mình).

- Don’t mention it. (Đừng nhắc đến việc đó./không có gì đáng phải bận tâm đâu). - Not at all. (Không có gì cả đâu!) - It’s nothing. (Không có gì). - My pleasure. (Giúp đỡanh/chị là niềm vinh hạnh cho tôi).

6. Khi đưa ý kiến và cách đáp lại Tình huống mẫu: - I think we should start with the observation. (Mình nghĩ chúng ta nên bắt đầu từ việc quan sát). - In my opinion, this should be kept confidential! (Theo tôi, việc này nên được giữ bí mật). Đồng ý

Đồng ý một phần

Phản đối

- I completely/ absolutely agree - I agree up to a point, but... (Tôi - I totally disagree. (Tôi hoàn with you. (Tôi hoàn toàn đồng ý đồng ý một mặt với việc này, toàn phản đối). với bạn). nhưng...) - I don’t think so! (Mình - There is no doubt about it that... - That’s true but... (Điều đó không nghĩ thế). (Hoàn toàn không có nghi ngờ gì đúng, nhưng...) - No way (Không đời nàoì) về điều đó). - You could be right. (Có thể - I’m afraid, I can’t agree with - I can’t/couldn’t agree (with you) 147

more. (Tôi không thể đồng ý hơn bạn đúng...) được nữa). - It sounds interesting, but... - I completely agree. (Tôi hoàn (Điều đó nghe thú vị, nhưng...) toàn đồng ý). - I see your point, but... (Tôi - That’s so true. (Điều đó đúng hiểu quan đấy). nhưng...)

điểm

của

you. (Tôi e là tôi không thể đồng tình với bạn). - To be honest,... (Thành thực mà nói thì)

anh - On the contrary,... (Ngược lại...)

- Absolutely. (Hoàn toàn là như - That’s partly true, but... (Điều - I don’t agree with you. (Tôi vậy). đó đúng một phần, nhưng...) không đồng ý với anh). - Exactly. (Chính xác).

- I can agree with that only with reservations. (Tôi chỉ có thể - Of course. (Tất nhiên). đồng ý với anh một cách hạn - You’re absolutely right. (Bạn chế) hoàn toàn đúng). - That seems obvious, but... - Yes, I agree. (Vâng, tôi đồng ý)- (Điều đó có vẻ hiển nhiên, - I think so too. (Tôi cũng nghĩ nhưng). vậy). - That is not necessarily so. (Cái

- I’m sorry, but I disagree. (Rất tiếc nhưng tôi không đồng ý). - It’s out of question. (Điều đó là không thể). - That’s different. (Cái đó khác).

- However,... (Tuy nhiên) - That’s a good idea. (Đó là một ý đó cũng không cần thiết phải - That’s not entirely true. (Cái như vậy). kiến hay). đó hoàn toàn không đúng) - I don’t think so either. (Tôi cũng - It is not as simple as it seems. không nghĩ vậy - đồng ý với việc (Nó không đơn giản như vậy - Yes, but don’t you think... (Vâng, nhưng sao bạn không đâu). ai phản đối điều gì) nghĩ là...) - I agree with you in principle, - So do I. (Tôi cũng vậy). but... (Nói chung, tôi đồng ý với - That’s not the same thing at - I’d go along with that. (Tôi thuận all. (Không phải lúc nào cũng bạn, nhưng...) theo điều đó). như vậy). - I agree with you in part, but... - That’s true. (Đúng đấy). (Tôi một phần đồng ý với bạn, - I’m not so sure about that. (Tôi không chắc về điều đó). - Neither do I. (Tôi cũng không nhưng). nghĩ vậy - đồng ý với việc ai phản - Well, you could be right. (ừm, - The problem is that... (Vấn đối điều gì). đề là...) bạn có thể đã đúng). - I agree with you entirely. (Tôi - I (very much) doubt hoàn toàn đồng ý với bạn). whether... (Tôi nghi ngờ rất - That’s just what I was thinking. (Đó cũng là điêu tôi đang nghĩ).

nhiều liệu rồng).

- You can say that again!

7. Một số tình huống khác Tình huống mẫu

Cách đáp lại

Khi gặp ai đó lần đầu tiên: 148

- Hello. Nice to meet you!

- Nice/ Glad to meet you, too. (Mình cũng rất vui khi được gặp (Xin chào, rất vui được gặp bạn). bạn). - How do you do? (Hân hạnh được làm quen). Khi gặp ai đó và chúc:

- You too.

- Have a nice day!

- The same to you!

(Chúc một ngày tốt lành!)

- Thank you, the same to you. - You do the same! (Cảm ơn. Bạn cũng vậy nhé!)

Khi ai đó khen/ chúc mừng điều gì: - What a nice car! (Xe đẹp quá)

- I’m glad you like it. (Mình vui khi bạn thích nó).

- You look so lovely! (Trông bạn - I’m glad you think so. (Mình vui khi bạn nghĩ vậy). rất đáng yêu!) - Thank you. (Cảm ơn nhé). - I appreciate your contribution! (Tôi đánh giá cao đóng góp của - It’ (very) nice of you to say so. (Bạn thật tốt khi nói như vậy)anh!) - Thank you (very much) for saying so. (Cảm ơn bạn vì đã nói - Congratulations! (Xin chúc vậy). mừng). Trước khi ăn: - Bon appetite!

- Bon appetite!

(Chúc ngon miệng)

- Enjoy your meal! (Chúc ngon miệng).

Khi ai đó nhờ đưa vật gì: - Could you please pass me the - Here you are! (Của bạn đây). salt? (Bạn có thể đưa cho tôi lọ muối không?) Khi được tặng quà

- That’s very kind (nice/thoughtful) of you! (Bạn thật tốt/ chu đáo).

Khỉ người bán hàng hỏi:

- That’s all. Thank you! (Vậy là đủ rồi. Xin cảm ơn).

- Do you need anything else? Khi ai đó thông báo tin vui: - I’ve passed my driving exam.

- That’s great. Congratulations! (Tuyệt quá. Chúc mừng nhé).

(Mình đã đỗ kỳ thì lái xe.) Khi ai đó hỏi:

Trạng thái rất tốt:

- How are you? (Bạn thế nào?)

- Very well, thanks. (And you?) Rất tuyệt, cảm ơn cậu. (Còn cậu?) 149

- Pretty fair. (Rất tuyệt). - I’m on the top of the world. (Mình đang rất sung sướng đây). - Can’t complain. (Không chê vào đâu được). Trạng thái bình thường, không có gì đặc biệt: - I’m fine/ good/ great, thanks/ So so, thanks/ I’m OK, thanks. (Tôi ổn, cảm ơn cậu). - I’m alright. (Tôi bình thường). Trạng thái không tốt lắm: - Really bad. (Rất tệ). - I’m not on a good mood. (Không được tốt lắm). Khi ai đó phàn nàn về điều gì

Đáp lại một cách tích cực: - I’m so sorry, but this will never occur / happen again. (Tôi xin lỗi, chuyện này sẽ không bao giờ lặp lại nữa). - I’m soriy, we promise never to make the same mistake again. (Tôi xin lỗi, chúng tôi hứa sẽ không mắc lại lỗi đó nữa). - I’m really sorry; we’ll do our utmost/best not to do the same mistake again. (Chúng tôi thành thật xin lỗi. Chúng tôi sẽ cố gắng để không lặp lại lỗi đó). Đáp lại một cách tiêu cực: - Sorry, there is nothing we can do about it. (Xin lỗi. Chúng tôi không thể làm gì với điều đó). - I’m afraid, there isn’t much we can do about it. (Tôi rất tiếc. Chúng tôi không thể làm gì nhiều hơn). - We are sorry but the food is just alright.

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 1 1. David is talking to Lucy about her painting. - David: “What a beautiful painting!” - Lucy: “____________” A. No problem B. It’s on the wall C. I’m glad you like it D. You’re welcome. 2. Peter and Dane are talking about environmental protection. - Peter: “We should limit the use of plastic bags.” - Dane: “____________. We can use paper bags instead.” A. I completely agree. B. It’s not true. C. I don’t quite agree D. You’re wrong. 150

3. David is apologising to his teacher for being late. - David: “Sorry I’m late! The traffic is so heavy.” - Teacher: “____________. Come in and sit down.” A. You’re so kind B. It’s alright C. Me neither D. Thank you 4. Peter and Mary are talking about social networks. - Peter: “Using social networks may have negative effects on students.” - Mary: “____________. It distracts them from their studies.” A. I’m not sure about that B. I don’t quite agree C. You’re wrong D. That’s quite true 5. Linda and Peter are talking about safe driving. - Linda: “I think drink-driving should be severely punished.” - Peter: “____________. It may cause accidents or even deaths.” A. You must be kidding B. I don’t think so C. I don’t understand what you mean D. I absolutely agree with you 6. A porter is talking to Mary in the hotel lobby. - Porter: “May I help you with your suitcase?” - Mary: “____________” A. What a shame B. Me too C. You’re welcome D. Yes, please 7. John is having dinner at Linda’s house. - John: “This roast beef is so delicious.” - Linda:”____________” A. sure. I’d love to B. I’m glad you like it. C. No, don’t worry. D. I don’t either. 8. Joana and David, two lectures, are talking about library skills. - Joana: “I think we should teach our students how to use the library.” - David:”____________ A. You’re absolutely wrong B. You must be kidding C. I couldn’t agree with you more D. That’s not a good idea 9. A shop assistant is talking to a customer. - Shop assistant: “Do you need anything else?” - Customer:”____________” A. That’s all. Thanks B. Good job! C. With pleasure D. You’re welcome 10. Ann and Peter are talking about housework. - Ann: “ I think children should be paid for doing the housework.” - Peter: “____________. It’s their duty in the family.” A. That’s what I think B. You’re exactly right C. There’s no doubt about it D. I don’t think so 11. Ken and Tom are high-school students. They are discussing where their study group will meet. - Ken: “Where is our study group going to meet next weekend?” - Tom: “____________.” A. Studying in a group is great fun. B. We are too busy on weekdays. C. Why don’t you look at the atlas? D. The library would be best. 12. Mike and Lane are university students. They are talking about Lane’s upcoming high-school reunion. - Mike: “So, you have your fifth high-school reunion coming up?” - Lane: “ A. Oh, the school reunion was wonderful. B. No. You’re in no mood for the event. 151

C. The food at the reunion was excellent. D. Yeah. I’m really looking forward to it. 13. A waiter in a restaurant is talking to a customer who has just finished his meal there. - Waiter: “Here’s your bill, sir.” - Customer: “____________” A. Don’t mention it. B. Can I pay by credit card? C. What do you have? D. You’re welcome. 14. Two close friends Tom and Kyle are talking about Kyle’s upcoming birthday. - Tom: “Can I bring a friend to your birthday party?” - Kyle: “____________” A. It’s my honour. B. Let’s do it then. C. The more the merrier. D. That’s right. 15. Two friends Diana and Anne are talking about Anne’s new blouse. - Diana: “That blouse suits you perfectly, Anne.” - Anne: “____________’’. A. Never mind. B. Don’t mention it. C. Thank you. D. You’re welcome. 16. Mary is talking to a porter in the hotel lobby. - Porter: “Shall I help you with your suitcase?” - Mary: “____________” A. Not a chance. B. That’s very kind of you. C. I can’t agree more. D. What a pity! 17. Susan accidentally stepped on Denise’s foot. - Susan: “Oops! I’m sorry, Denise.” - Denise: “____________” A. You shouldn’t do that. B. It’s alright. C. You are welcome. D. It’s nonsense. 18. Hana and Jenifer are talking about a book they have just read. - Hana: “The book is really interesting and educational.” - Jenifer: “____________” A. I’d love it. B. That’s nice of you to say so. C. I couldn’t agree more. D. Don’t mention it. 19. Jolie and Tom are meeting at the supermarket. - Jolie: “Hi, Tom. How are you doing?” - Tom: “____________. How about you?” A. I’m waiting for my sister B. I’m shopping for food C. I’m doing nothing D. I’m doing well 20. Maria and Alex are talking about the environment. - Maria: “Our environment is getting more and more polluted. Do you think so?” - Alex: “____________. It’s really worrying.” A. I’ll think about that B. I don’t agree C. I don’t think so D. I can’t agree more 21. Liz is telling Andrew about her first novel. - Liz: “Guess what? My first novel has just been published.” - Andrew: “____________” A. It’s my pleasure. B. Congratulations! C. Better luck next time! D. It’s very kind of you. 22. Jenny and her teacher are meeting at the bus stop. - Jenny: “Good afternoon, Miss. How are you?” - Teacher: “____________. And you?” 152

A. I’m going home B. I’m leaving now C. I’m thirty years old D. Fine, thank you 23. Linda is thanking Daniel for his birthday present. - Linda: “Thanks for the book. I’ve been looking for it for months.” - Daniel: “____________” A. You can say that again B. Thank you for looking for it C. I like reading books D. I’m glad you like it 24. David and his teacher are meeting at the school gate. - David: “Good morning, Mr Deakin. How are you?” - Mr Deakin:”____________. And you?” A. I’m busy now B. I’m fine. Thank you C. I’m going home D. I’m having a class now 25. Mrs Smith and her students are visiting the zoo. - Mike: “Can I feed the gorilla, Mrs Smith?” - Mrs Smith: “____________. The sign says ‘No feeding the animals’.” A. Of course you can B. I don’t think it works C. I’m sure about that D. I’m afraid not 26. Andrew is talking to a waiter in a restaurant. - Andrew: “Can I have the bill, please?” - Waiter: “____________” A. You are very kind B. Just a minute, please C. My pleasure D. You’re exactly right 27. Silas is talking to his roommate, Salah, about the Olympic Games. - Silas: “Do you think our country can host the Olympic Games some day in the future? - Salah:”____________. We can’t afford such a big event.” A. You can say that again B. I can’t agree with you more C. Yes, you’re right D. No, I don’t think so 28. Laura is telling Bob about her exam results. - Laura: “____________” - Bob: “That’s great. Congratulations!” A. I hope I’ll pass the exam tomorrow. B. I’ve passed the exam with an A. C. I’ll get the exam results tomorrow. D. I didn’t do well in the exam. 29. Nancy and James are talking about their school days. - Nancy: “I think school days are the best time of our lives.” - James: “____________. We had sweet memories together then.” A. I’m afraid so B. Absolutely. C. That’s nonsense D. I doubt it 30. John and Mike are talking about Mike’s new car. - John: “____________” - Mike: “Thanks. I’m glad to hear that.” A. Where did you buy your car? B. What a nice car! C. Your car is new, isn’t it? D. My car is very expensive. 31. Two students are talking about the school curriculum. - Ted: “Swimming should be made part of the school curriculum.” - Kate: “____________. It is an essential life skill.” A. Oh, that’s a problem. B. I can’t agree with you more. C. Not at all D. You can make it. 32. Jane is talking to Mike, who has just helped her with her luggage. - Jane: “____________” 153

- Mike: “It’s my pleasure. A. It’s too heavy. B. It’s not my duty. C. Thanks a lot, indeed. D. Welcome back. 33. Adam and Janet are at the school canteen. - Adam: “____________” - Janet: “Yes, please.” A. Do you mind if I sit here? B. Can you pass me the salt, please? C. It’s a bit hot in here, isn’t it? D. Would you like a cup of coffee? 34. Jenny and Jimmy are talking about university education. - Jenny: “I think having a university degree is the only way to succeed in life.” - Jimmy: “____________. There are successful people without a degree.” A. That’s life B. That’s all right C. I don’t quite agree D. I can’t agree more 35. John was in Hanoi and wanted to send a parcel to his parents. He asked a local passer- by the way to the post-office. - John: “Can you show me the way to the nearest post office, please?” - Passer-by: “____________” A. Not way, sorry. B. Just round the corner over there. C. Look it up in a dictionary! D. There’s no traffic near here. 36. Lora has just bought a new skirt that she likes very much. - Jane: “You look great in that red skirt, Lora!” - Lora: “____________” A. No, I don’t think so. B. Oh, you don’t like it, do you? C. Thanks, I bought it at Macy’s. D. Thanks, my mum bought it. 37. John and Mary are talking about what to do after class. - John: “____________- Mary: “Yes, I’d love to.” A. Do you often have time for a drink after class? B. Would you like to have a drink after class? C. Do you often go out for a drink after class? D. Would you like tea or coffee after class? 38. Paul and Daisy are discussing life in the future. - Paul: “I believe space travel will become more affordable for many people in the future.” - Daisy: “____________ .” A. It doesn’t matter at all. B. There’s no doubt about that. C. It is very kind of you to say so. D. I am sorry to hear that. 39. Jack is inviting Mary to his party. - Jack: “Would you like to come to my party this weekend?” - Mary: “____________.” A. Yes, I’d love to B. No, don’t worry C. You’re welcome D. I’m afraid so Question 40. Laura and Mitchell are talking about their school curriculum. - Laura: “I think Art should be a compulsory subject.” - Mitchell: “____________. Art helps develop creativity.” A. I quite agree B. You must be kidding C. I’m of the opposite opinion D. I don’t think that’s a good idea VI. CÂU ĐỒNG NGHĨA VÀ KẾT HỢP CÂU 154

1. CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT Một số thay đổi khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp Trực tiếp Gián tiếp

Những thay đổi

Hiện tại đơn

Quá khứ đơn

Hiện diễn

tại

Thay đổi Quá về thì diễn (lùi 1 thì)

khứ

- V(bare)/V(s,es) He said: “I live in a big city.” - am/is/are She said: “I am at home.” - Ved/V(cột 2) Peter said: “I did it by myself.” - was/were Mary said: “I was in the park last Sunday.” tiếp - Am/is/are + Ving She said: “We are learning now.” tiếp - Was/we re + Ving He said: “I was sleeping then.”

Hiện tại hoàn - Have/has + Vp2 thành He said: “Someone has stolen my bag.” Hiện tại hoàn - Have/has + been + Ving thành tiếp diễn She said: “I have been waiting for you for 3 hours.” Tương lai đơn - Will/shall + V(bare) Lan said: “I will call you tonight” Tương lai gần - Am/is/are + going to + V Huong said: “We are going to have a party next weekend.” - Can He said: “I can’t come on time.” - Must/have to (sự bắt buộc) She said: “I must take care of my little brother.” - Must (sự suy diễn) He said: “You must be tired now.” - Must (đưa ra lời khuyên) Động từ khuyết My father said: “This exam is thiếu very important. You must prepare for it well.” - Mustn’t (sự cấm đoán) She said: “You mustn’t make noise here.” - May My teacher said: “You may use dictionaries for this test.” - Need He said: “I need do it

- Ved/V(cột2) He said (that) he lived in a big city. - was/were She said (that) she was at home. - Had + V(p2) Peter said (that) he had done it by himself. - Had been Mary said (that) she had been in the park the Sunday before. - Was/were + Ving She said (that) she was learning then. - Had + been + Ving He said (that) he had been sleeping then. - Had + Vp2 He said (that) someone had stolen his bag. - Had + been + Ving She said (that) she had been waiting for me for 3 hours. - Would + V(bare) Lan said (that) she would call me that night. - Was/were + going to + V Huong said (that) they were going to have a party the next weekend.” - Could He said (that) he couldn’t come on time. - Had to She said (that) she had to take care of her little brother. - Must He said (that) I must be tired then. - Must My father said (that) that exam was very important and I must prepare for it well. - Mustn’t She said (that) I mustn’t make noise there. - Might My teacher said (that) we might use dictionaries for that test.” - Needed/had to He said (that) he needed/had to do 155

Trạng từ chỉ thời gian

Subject pronouns Object pronouns Các đại từ

Possessive adjectives Possessive pronouns Demonstratives

now.” - Needn’t (dùng ở hiện tại) She said: “We needn’t set off early.” - Needn’t (dùng ở tương lai) He said: “You needn’t come here tomorrow.” Today Tonight Tomorrow Tomorrow morning Yesterday Ago Now Next (Tuesday) Last (Tuesday) The day after tomorrow The day before yesterday Here I You We me you us my your our mine yours ours this these

it then. - Needn’t/didn’t have to She said (that) they needn’t/didn’t have to set off early. - Wouldn’t have to He said (that) I wouldn’t have to come here the next day. that day that night the next day / the following day the next morning the day before / the previous day before then the next / following Tuesday the previous Tuesday / the Tuesday before in two days’ time / two days later Two days before there He/ She I/ We/ They We/ They him/ her me/ us/ them us/ them his/ her my/ our/ their our/ their his/ hers mine/ ours/theirs ours/ theirs that those

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 1 1. “You’d better stay at home during this time” he said to Lan. A. He ordered Lan to stay at home during that time. B. He warmed Lan against staying at home during that time. C. He advised Lan to stay at home during that time. D. He thanked Lan for staying at home during that time. 2. “What have you done to my laptop, Jane?” asked Tom. A. Tom asked Jane what had she done to his laptop. B. Tom asked Jane what has she done to his laptop. C. Tom asked Jane what she had done to his laptop. D. Tom asked Jane what she has done to his laptop. 3. “When did you start practising yoga?” asked Tom. A. Tom wanted to know when I had started practising yoga. B. Tom wanted to know when had I started practising yoga. C. Tom wanted to know when did I start practising yoga. 156

D. Tom wanted to know when I was starting practising yoga. 4. “Why didn’t you attend the meeting, Mary?” Tom asked. A. Tom asked Mary why didn’t she attend the meeting. B. Tom asked Mary why she hadn’t attended the meeting. C. Tom asked Mary why hadn’t she attended the meeting. D. Tom asked Mary why she wasn’t attending the meeting. 5. “How long have you lived here, Lucy?” asked Jack. A. Jack asked Lucy how long did she live here. B. Jack asked Lucy how long had she lived there. C. Jack asked Lucy how long she lived here. D. Jack asked Lucy how long she had lived there. 6. “You had better see a doctor if the sore throat does not clear up,” she said to me. A. She reminded me of seeing a doctor if the sore throat did not clear up. B. She ordered me to see a doctor if the sore throat did not clear up. C. She insisted that I see a doctor unless the sore throat did not clear up. D. She suggested that I see a doctor if the sore throat did not clear up. 7. “Why don’t we go out for dinner tonight?” said Jim. A. Jim suggested going out for dinner that night. B. Jim refused to go out for dinner that night. C. Jim denied going out for dinner that night. D. Jim promised to go out for dinner that night. 8. “You got an A in Chemistry. Congratulations!” Peter said to his classmate. A. Peter encouraged his classmate to get an A in Chemistry. B. Peter persuaded his classmate to get an A in Chemistry. C. Peter insisted on getting an A in Chemistry for his classmate. D. Peter congratulated his classmate on getting an A in Chemistry. 9. “No, I won’t go to work at the weekend, “said Sally. A. Sally refused to go to work at the weekend. B. Sally promised to go to work at the weekend. C. Sally apologized for not going to work at the weekend. D. Sally regretted not going to work at the weekend. 10. “We will not leave until we see the manager, “said the customers. A. The customers promised to leave before they saw the manager. B. The customers refused to leave until they saw the manager. C. The customers agreed to leave before they saw the manager. D. The customers decided to leave because they did not see the manager. 11. “Why don’t we go camping at the weekend?” he said. A. He denied going camping at the weekend. B. He suggested going camping at the weekend. C. He objected to going camping at the weekend. D. He apologized for going camping at the weekend. 12. “I didn’t give John the money,” said Mary. A. Mary denied giving John the money. B. Mary admitted giving John the money. C. Mary suggested giving John the money. D. Mary remembered giving John the money. 13. “Would you like to go to the show with me?” Anna said to Bella. 157

A. Anna reminded Bella to go to the show with her. B. Anna persuaded Bella to go to the show with her. C. Anna encouraged Bella to go to the show with her. D. Anna invited Bella to go to the show with her. 14. “You should take better care of your health, “said Tom’s mother. A. Tom’s mother promised to take better care of his health. B. Tom’s mother ordered him to take better care of his health. C. Tom’s mother required him to take better care of his health. D. Tom’s mother advised him to take better care of his health. 15. “Don’t forget to submit your assignments by Thursday,” said the teacher to the students. A. The teacher reminded the students to submit their assignments by Thursday. B. The teacher allowed the students to submit their assignments by Thursday, C. The teacher ordered the students to submit their assignments by Thursday. D. The teacher encouraged the students to submit their assignments by Thursday 16. “I’m sorry I haven’t finished the assignment,” Fiona said. A. Fiona denied having finished the assignment. B. Fiona regretted having finished the assignment. C. Fiona refused to finish the assignment. D. Fiona apologised for not finishing the assignment. 17. “I’ll call you as soon as I arrive at the airport,” he said to me. A. He objected to calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport. B. He promised to call me as soon as he arrived at the airport. C. He denied calling me as soon as he arrived at the airport. D. He reminded me to call him as soon as he arrived at the airport. 18. “What are you going to do after school, Anne?” Kevin asked. A. Kevin asked Anne what was she going to do after school. B. Kevin asked Anne what she was going to do after school. C. Kevin wanted to know what Anne would do after school. D. Kevin wanted to know what would Anne do after school. 19. He said: “I’m sorry I didn’t reply to the letter.” A. He apologized for not to reply to the letter. B. He apologized for not to replying to the letter. C. He apologized for didn’t reply to the letter. D. He apologized for not replying to the letter. 20. “It can’t be Mike who leaked the document, it might be Tom.” said our manager. A. Our manager suspected Tom of having leaked the document not Mike. B. Our manager blamed Tom for having leaked the document instead of Mike. C. Our manager showed his uncertainty about who leaked the document: Mike or Tom. D. Our manager made it clear that Tom was the one who leaked the document, not Mike. 21. “Tom, please don’t tell anyone my new telephone number.” said Jane. A. Jane told Tom please don’t tell anyone my new telephone number. B. Jane asked Tom not to tell anyone her new telephone number. C. Jane said to Tom not to tell anyone her new telephone number, please. D. Jane wanted Tom didn’t tell anyone my new telephone number. 22. “You broke my glasses,” said the woman to me. A. The woman insisted on breaking her glasses. B. The woman advised me to break her glasses. 158

C. The woman told me to break her glasses. D. The woman blamed me for breaking her glasses. 23. The doctor said, “You really ought to rest for a few days, Jasmine.” A. Jasmine’s doctor insisted that she should rest for a few days. B. The doctor suggested that Jasmine should take a short rest. C. The doctor strongly advised Jasmine to take a few days’ rest. D. It is the doctor’s recommendation that Jasmine rested shortly. 24. “Don’t forget to go to the supermarket after work!” he said. A. He told me that I shouldn’t forget to go to the supermarket after work. B. He requested me not to forget to go to the supermarket after work. C. He reminded me to go to the supermarket after work. D. He asked me no to forget to go to the supermarket after work 25. “If I were you, I would do morning exercise regularly.” said John. A. John asked me to do morning exercise regularly. B. John prevented me from doing morning exercise regularly. C. John advised me to do morning exercise regularly. D. John congratulated me on doing morning exercise regularly. 26. “Don’t leave the house until I get back, John “ his sister said. A. John’s sister told him to leave the house when she got back. B. John’s sister told him not to go out until she gets back. C. John’s sister told him not to leave the house until she got back. D. John’s sister told him to stay at home till she got back. 27. Mary said: “I am sure that you broke my vase, Jim”. A. Mary accused Jim of having broken her vase. B. Mary said she knew that Jim broke her vase. C. Mary asked Jim of having broken her vase. D. Mary told Jim to break the vase. 28. “Shall I carry the suitcase for you, Mary?” said John. A. John offered Mary to carry the suitcase for Mary. B. John offered to carry the suitcase for Mary. C. John offered carrying the suitcase for Mary. D. John offered Mary if he should carry the suitcase for her. 29. “I was not there at the time,” he said. A. He denied to have been there at the time. B. He denied that he had not been there at the time. C. He denied to be there at the time. D. He denied having been there at the time. 30. “Leave my house now or I’ll call the police!” shouted the lady to the man. A. The lady threatened to call the police if the man didn’t leave her house. B. The lady said that she would call the police if the man didn’t leave her house. C. The lady told the man that she would call the police if he didn’t leave her house. D. The lady informed the man that she would call the police if he didn’t leave her house. 31. “You did a great job! I’m proud of your achievement,” said the woman to her grandchild. A. The woman said that her grandchild’s job was great and she was so proud of his work achievement. B. The woman told her grandchild that she was proud of his achievement at work. C. The woman told her grandchild to do a great job so that she could be proud of his achievement. 159

D. The woman complimented her grandchild on his achievement. 32. “I will let you know the answer by the end of this week,” Tim said to Jane. A. Tim suggested giving Jane the answer by the end of the week. B. Tim promised to give Jane the answer by the end of the week. C. Tim insisted on letting Jane know the answer by the end of the week. D. Tim offered to give Jane the answer by the end of the week. 33. “John, why don’t you go on a picnic with me next weekend?” said Janet. A. Janet suggested John went on a picnic with her the nest weekend. B. Janet suggested John go on a picnic with her the next weekend. C. Janet suggested John should go on a picnic with her next weekend. D. Janet suggested John to go on a picnic with her next weekend. 34. “Don’t come home late, Jenny, it’s dangerous!” her father said. A. Jenny’s father told her not go home late and it was dangerous. B. Jenny’s father told her not to go home late because it was dangerous. C. Jenny’s father advised her go home early. D. Jenny’s father asked her against being home late because it may be dangerous. 35. His wife said to him: “Write to me as often as you can”. A. His wife told him to write to her as often as he can. B. His wife told him to write to her as often as he could. C. His wife told him writing to her as often as he could. D. His wife told him writing to her as often as he can. 36. Steve said to Mike, “Don’t touch the electric wires. It might be deadly.” A. Steve warned Mike about not touching the electric wires as it might be deadly. B. Steve warned Mike against touching the wires as it might have been deadly. C. Steve warned that Mike not touch the electric wires as it might be deadly. D. Steve warned Mike not to touch the electric wires as it might be deadly. 37. “Stop smoking or you'll be ill,” the doctor told me. A. The doctor advised me to give up smoking to avoid illness. B. The doctor suggested smoking to treat illness. C. I was warned against smoking a lot of cigarettes. D. I was ordered not to smoke to recover from illness. 38. “You damaged my laptop, Tom!” said John. A. John accused with Tom to have damaged his laptop. B. John accused Tom of damaging his laptop. C. John accused Tom to damage his laptop. D. John accused to Tom for damaging his laptop. 39. “Why don't you talk to her face-to-face?” asked Bill. A. Bill suggested that I should talk to her face-to-face. B. Bill advised that I could talk to her face-to-face. C. Bill asked me why I hadn’t talked to her face-to-face. D. Bill wondered why I don't talk to her face-to-face. 40. “No, it’s not true. I didn’t steal the money!” Jean said. A. Jean admitted stealing the money. B. Jean refused to steal the money. C. Jean did not intend to steal the money. D. Jean denied having stolen the money. 41. Peter said “I wish I hadn't lent him some money.” 160

A. Peter regretted lending him some money. B. Peter thanked him for lending him some money. C. Peter wished not to lend him some money. D. Peter suggested not lending him some money. 42. “I agree that I am narrow-minded, “said the manager. A. The manager denied being narrow-minded. B. The manager admitted being narrow-minded. C. The manager refused to be narrow-minded. D. The manager promised to be narrow-minded. 43. “You did not tell the truth, Lucy!” said Nick. A. Nick warned Lucy not to tell the truth. B. Nick criticized Lucy for not telling the truth. C. Nick accused Lucy of telling the truth. D. Nick decided that Lucy was to blame for telling the truth. 44. “How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!” Peter said to Mary. A. Peter promised to buy Mary a beautiful dress. B. Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress. C. Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress. D. Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress. 45. “Shall I help you do the dishes, Carlo?” said Robert. A. Robert suggested helping Carlo with the dishes. B. Robert suggested to help Carlo do the dishes. C. Robert offered Carlo to help do the dishes. D. Robert offered to help Carlo do the dishes.

2. CÁC CÁCH DIỄN ĐẠT CÂU ÁP DỤNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI GIỮA THÌ QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN VÀ HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH 1. She last visited her home country ten years ago. A. She hasn't visited her home country for ten years. B. She didn’t visit her home country ten years ago. C. She has visited her home country for ten years. D. She was in her home country for ten years. 2. The last time she came back to her hometown was 4 years ago. A. It's 4 years since she last lived in her hometown. B. She didn't come back to her hometown 4 years ago. C. She started coming back to her hometown 4 years ago. D. She hasn’t come back to her hometown for 4 years. 3. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago. A. He last worked as a bank clerk 3 months ago. B. He didn't work as a bank clerk 3 months ago. C. He has been working as a bank clerk for 3 months. D. The last time she worked as a bank clerk was 3 months ago. 4. It is a long time since we last met each other. A. We haven't met each other for a long time. 161

B. The last time we met each other is a long time ago. C. We last met each other for a long time. D. We started meeting each other a long time ago. 5. I last had my hair cut in November. A. The last time I had my hair cut was since November. B. I haven't had my hair cut since November. C. I didn't have my hair cut in November. D. I started having my hair cut in November. 6. This is the first time I have had such a delicious meal. A. I haven't had such a delicious meal before. B. This is the most delicious meal I have ever had. C. I didn't have such a delicious meal. D. I didn’t have such a delicious meal before. 7. She has been working as a teacher for 5 years. A. The last time she worked as a teacher was 5 years ago. B. It is 5 years since she last worked as a teacher. C. She began working as a teacher 5 years ago. D. She hasn’t been working as a teacher for 5 years. 8. I haven't met my grandparents for five years. A. I often met my grandparents five years ago. B. I last met my grandparents five years ago. C. I have met my grandparents for five years. D. I didn't meet my grandparents five years ago. 9. He last visited London three years ago. A. He has been in London for three years. B. He hasn't visited London for three years. C. He didn't visit London three years ago. D. He was in London for three years. 10. I haven't visited my hometown for a few years. A. I have been in my hometown for a few years. B. I last visited my hometown a few years ago. C. I didn't visit my hometown a few years ago. D. I was in my hometown for a few years. 11. I haven't heard from Susan for several months. A. I last heard from Susan several months ago. B. Susan didn't hear from me several months ago. C. Susan heard from me several months ago. D. I didn't hear from Susan several months ago. 12. It is over twenty years since I last got in touch with them. A. I can’t help keeping getting in touch with them for over 20 years. B. I haven't gotten in touch with them for over 20 years. C. I used to get in touch with them for over 20 years. D. I have been getting in touch with them for over 20 years. 13. He last had his eyes tested ten months ago. A. He had tested his eyes ten months before. B. He didn’t have any test on his eyes ten months before. C. He had not tested his eyes for ten months then. 162

D. He hasn’t had his eyes tested for ten months. 14. The last time I went to the museum was a year ago. A. I have not been to the museum for a year. B. A year ago, I often went to the museum. C. My going to the museum lasted a year. D. At last I went to the museum after a year. 15. The last time I saw Peter was when I ran into him at the station on my way to Glasgow. A. I haven't seen Peter since a chance meeting with him at the station when I was setting off for Glasgow B. The last time I went to Glasgow, I happened to meet Peter at the station. C. When I last saw Peter at the station when I was on my way to Glasgow, I ran after him. D. I finally saw Peter at the station when I was on my way to Glasgow. 16. We started working here three years ago. A. We have been working here for three years. B. We worked here for three years. C. We will work here for three years. D. We have no longer worked here for three years. 17. It started to rain at 2 o’clock and it is still raining. A. It has been raining at 2 o’clock. B. It has been raining in 2 o’clock. C. It has been raining for 2 o’clock. D. It has been raining since 2 o'clock 18. The last time I saw Rose was three years ago. A. I haven't seen Rose since three years. B. I haven’t seen Rose three years ago. C. I didn’t see Rose for three years. D. I haven't seen Rose for three years. 19. Eight years ago, we started writing to each other. A. We have rarely written to each other for eight years. B. Eight years is a long time for us to write to each other. C. We have been writing to each other for eight years. D. We wrote to each other eight year ago. 20. I last heard this song 10 years ago. A. It has been 10 years when I have heard this song. B. It was 10 years since I last heard this song. C. It is 10 years since I last heard this song. D. It is 10 years when I have heard this song. 3. ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU CÁCH DÙNG CỦA ĐỘNG TỪ KHUYẾT THIẾU 3.1. CAN/ BE ABLE TO CAN

BE ABLE TO

“be able to” và “can” để diễn tả một khả năng hay sự có thể. Tuy nhiên, “can” không có dạng tương lai nên ta sử dụng “will be able to” Dùng để diễn tả những điều có thể làm do Dùng để diễn tả những điều có thể làm do cố khả năng, năng khiếu của bản thân gắng, xoay xở mới làm được Ví dụ: Ví dụ: 163

I can swim. (= I have the ability to In spite of his broken leg, he was able to get swim). out of the burning house. 3.2. MUST/ HAVE TO MUST

HAVE TO

Cả “must” và “have to” đều có nghĩa là “cần phải/ phải” Diễn tả sự cần thiết phải làm gì nhưng là do chủ quan (tự bản thân nhận thức thấy) Ví dụ: I must phone my sister. (=> I am aware that this is necessary).

Diễn tả sự cần thiết phải làm gì nhưng là do khách quan (nội quy, quy định...) Ví dụ: Students have to go to school on time. (=> It’s school’s regulation).

3.3. NEED NEED (cần) “Need” vừa là động từ thường, vừa là động từ khuyết thiếu Need là động từ thường - Nó phải dùng trợ động từ khi thành lập câu phủ định và nghi vấn - Động từ theo sau nó phải dùng dạng “to infinitive” Ví dụ: She needs to see you. She doesn’t need to see you.

Need là động từ khuyết thiếu - Khi là động từ khuyết thiếu NEED chỉ có hình thức hiện tại và có đầy đủ đặc tính của một động từ khuyết thiếu. Ví dụ: Need he work so hard? You needn’t go yet, need you?

3.4. MUSTN’T/ NEEDN’T MUSTN’T

NEEDN’T

MUSTN’T (không được phép): mang ý cấm đoán. Ví dụ: You mustn’t drink it. It is poisonous.

NEEDN’T (không cần thiết): mang ý nghĩa không bắt buộc. Ví dụ: You needn’t hurry. We still have a lot time to do it.

3.5. SHOULD/ OUGHT TO SHOULD

OUGHT TO

“should” và “ought to” đều có nghĩa là “nên” dùng để đưa ra lời khuyên, ý kiến Chỉ sự bắt buộc hay bổn phận nhưng ở mức độ nhẹ hơn “Must”. Ví dụ: - You should send this report by 8th September.

Chỉ sự bắt buộc. Mạnh hơn “Should” nhưng chưa bằng “Must”. Ví dụ: She really ought to apologize.

3.6. SHALL/ WILL SHALL

WILL

“shall” và “will” đều có nghĩa là “sẽ” dùng để đưa ra một quyết định tại thời điểm nói. 164

“will” có thể đi được với tất cả các ngôi, còn “shall” chỉ được dùng với ngôi I/ we. - Dùng để xin ý kiến, đưa gợi ý. Ví dụ: Where shall we eat tonight?

- Diễn đạt, dự đoán sự việc xảy ra trong tương lai. Ví dụ: Tomorrow will be sunny. - Người ta dùng cấu trúc “Shall I...” để đề - Người ta dùng cấu trúc “Will you...” để đề nghị ai giúp mình. nghị giúp ai. Ví dụ: Ví dụ: Will you give me her address? Shall I carry the luggage for you?

3.7. MAY/ MIGHT MAY

MIGHT

“may” và “might” đều có nghĩa là “có lẽ” dùng để diễn tả điều gì có thể xảy ra nhưng không chắc . “Might” là quá khứ của “may” - Diễn tả điều gì có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại.

- Diễn tả điều gì có thể xảy ra ở quá khứ. - “Might” được dùng không phải là quá khứ của “may” với mức độ “có thể” thấp hơn “may”.

3.8. CAN/ COULD CAN

COULD

“can” và “could” được dùng trong câu hỏi đề nghị, xin phép, yêu cầu. Diễn tả khả năng hiện tại hoặc tương lai Diễn tả khả năng xảy ra trong quá khứ. mà một người có thể làm được gì, hoặc Ví dụ: My brother could speak English một sự việc có thể xảy ra. when he was five. Ví dụ: I can swim./ It can rain. 3.9. MODAL VERB + HAVE + VP2

165

MUST + HAVE + VP2: chỉ sự suy đoán logic dựa trên những hiện tượng có thật ở quá khứ

SHOULD + HAVE + VP2: chỉ một việc lẽ ra đã phải xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng vì lý do nào đó lại không xảy ra. CAN’T + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc không thể đã xảy ra vì có căn cứ, cơ sở rõ ràng MODAL PERFEC T

NEEDN’T + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc lẽ ra đã không cần thiết phải làm nhưng đã làm.

MAY/ MIGHT + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc có thể đã xảy ra nhưng không chắc chắn.

COULD + HAVE + VP2: chỉ những việc lẽ đã xảy ra nhưng trên thực tế thì không

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 3 1. You are not allowed to take photos in the museum. A. You may take photos in the museum. B. You should take photos in the museum. C. You mustn’t take photos in the museum. D. You needn’t take photos in the museum. 2. I’m certain that Joe attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event. A. Joe could have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event. B. Joe must have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event. C. Joe mightn’t have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event. D. Joe needn’t have attended the ceremony as he can vividly recount the event. 3. I thought it was not necessary to book tickets for the film in advance, but I was wrong. A. I needn’t have booked tickets for the film in advance. B. I couldn’t have booked tickets for the film in advance. C. I should have booked tickets for the film in advance. D. I must have booked tickets for the film in advance. 4. I’m sure that they had practiced hard for the games as they won a lot of medals A. They couldn’t have practiced hard for the games as they won a lot of medals B. They must have practiced hard for the games as they won a lot of medals C. They shouldn’t have practiced hard for the games as they won a lot of medals D. They might have practiced hard for the games as they won a lot of medals. 5. It was wrong of you to criticise your son in front of his friends. 166

A. You could have criticised your son in front of his friends. B. You must have criticised your son in front of his friends. C. You mightn’t have criticised your son in front of his friends. D. You shouldn’t have criticised your son in front of his friends. 6. I’m sure Luisa was very disappointed when she failed the exam. A. Luisa must be very disappointed when she failed the exam. B. Luisa must have been very disappointed when she failed the exam. C. Luisa may be very disappointed when she failed the exam. D. Luisa could have been very disappointed when she failed the exam. 7. I really believe my letter came as a great surprise to John. A. John might be very surprised to receive my letter. B. John might have been very surprised to receive my letter. C. John must be very surprised to receive my letter. D. John must have been very surprised to receive my letter. 8. Sally paid for her travel in advance, but it wasn’t necessary. A. Sally needn’t have paid for her travel in advance. B. Sally might not have paid for her travel in advance. C. Sally may not have paid for her travel in advance. D. Sally couldn’t have paid for her travel in advance. 9. You needn’t have taken so many warm clothes there. A. It was not necessary for you to take so many warm clothes there. B. You have taken so many warm clothes there that I don’t need. C. There’s no need for you to take so many warm clothes there. D. You took lots of warm clothes there but it turned out not necessary. 10. Mary should never have been allowed to try to swim in the sea alone. A. When Mary let to swim in the sea alone, she said new what she was doing. B. It would probably be wrong to let Mary swims in the sea on her own. C. No one could have stopped Mary from trying to swim in the sea by herself. D. Someone ought to have stopped Mary from attempting to swim in the sea on her own. 11. It was impossible that he forgot to wear the helmet. A. He should have worn the helmet B. He must have worn the helmet C. He might have forgot to wear the helmet D. He needn’t have forgot wearing the helmet 12. The fishes had died. I’m sure he forgot to feed them. A. He must have forgot to feed the fishes. B. He should have fed the fishes. C. He needn’t have fed the fishes. D. He might have forgot feeding the fishes. 13. His parents complained about his absence from school. It’s wrong of him not to tell them about that. A. He should have told his parents about his absence from school. B. He might have told his parents about his absence from school. C. He must have told his parents about his absence from school. D. He can have told his parents about his absence from school. 14. I’m sure that she didn’t kill him because she was with me at the supermarket when the murder happened. 167

A. She mustn’t have killed him because she was with me at the supermarket when the happened. B. She needn’t have killed him because she was with me at the supermarket when the happened. C. She can’t have killed him because she was with me at the supermarket when the happened. D. She shouldn’t have killed him because she was with me at the supermarket when the happened 15. Perhaps he will return before you call. A. He may be returning before you called. B. He may/might have returned before you called. C. He should have returned before you called. D. He may return before you call. 16. You don’t need to type the letter right now. You can do it later. A. You mustn’t type the letter right now because you can do it later. B. You can’t have typed the letter right now because you can do it later. C. You needn’t type the letter right now because you can do it later. D. You needn’t have typed the letter right now because you can do it later. 17. It’s against the law if you hunt the endangered species. A. You don’t need to hunt the endangered species. B. You mustn’t hunt the endangered species. C. You needn’t hunt the endangered species. D. You can’t hunt the endangered species. 18. I’m sure he knew all about the secret because he was there when we were talking. A. He must be knowing all about the secret because he was there when we were talking. B. He should have known all about the secret because he was there when we were talking. C. He must have known all about the secret because he was there when we were talking. D. He might have known all about the secret because he was there when we were talking. 19. It isn’t mandatory to submit my assignment today. A. I mustn’t submit my assignment today. B. My assignment must have been submitted today. C. I needn’t submit my assignment today. D. My assignment is required to submit by today. 20. Tom went on and on apologizing about it, which was quite unnecessary. A. Tom can’t have apologized. I quite understand. B. Tom shouldn’t have apologized. I quite understand. C. Tom wouldn’t have apologized. I quite understand. D. Tom needn’t have apologized. I quite understand. 21. It’s possible that she didn’t hear what I said. A. She might have not heard what I said. B. She might not hear what I said. C. She may not hear what I said. D. She may not have heard what I said. 22. It’s was wrong of you to betray her because she was kind to you. A. You shouldn’t have betrayed her because she was kind to you. B. You needn’t have betrayed her because she was kind to you. C. You can’t have betrayed her because she was kind to you. D. You mustn’t have betrayed her because she was kind to you.

murder murder murder murder

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23. I’m sure he did this because I saw him standing there. A. He must have done this because I saw him standing there. B. He can have done this because I saw him standing there. C. He need have done this because I saw him standing there. D. He may have done this because I saw him standing there. 24. I’m sure it wasn’t Mr. Pike you saw because he is in London. A. It mustn’t have been Mr. Pike you saw because he is in London. B. It can’t have been Mr. Pike you saw because he is in London. C. It mightn’t be Mr. Pike you saw because he is in London. D. It couldn’t be Mr. Pike you saw because he is in London. 25. You have to do clean the house every morning because there is a lot of smoke out there. A. The house has been cleaned every morning because there is a lot of smoke out there. B. The house has to do by you every morning because there is a lot of smoke out there. C. The house has to be done every morning because there is a lot of smoke out there. D. The house have to be done every morning because there is a lot of smoke out there. 26. It isn’t necessary for you to send her a letter today. A. Her letter must have been sent today. B. I mustn’t send her letter today. C. Her letter was required to send today. D. You needn’t send her a letter today. 27. Is it possible for me to phone you at about 10 pm tomorrow? A. Will I phone you at about 10 pm tomorrow? B. Can I phone you at about 10 pm tomorrow? C. Must I phone you at about 10 pm tomorrow? D. Could phone you at about 10 pm tomorrow? 28. It’s time for me to start to think about the job I will do in the future. A. I should start to think about the job I will do in the future. B. I may start to think about the job I will do in the future. C. I needn’t start to think about the job I will do in the future. D. I must have started to think about the job I will do in the future. 29. James should have been told the news a long time ago. A. James did not tell the news a long time ago. B. James had not told the news for a long time. C. James was not told the news although it was necessary for him. D. James has not been told the news for a long time although he should know it. 30. Smoking is not allowed in public places such as: hospitals, schools. A. You needn’t smoke in public places such as: hospitals, schools. B. You mustn’t smoke in public places such as: hospitals, schools. C. You don’t smoke in public places such as: hospitals, schools. D. You may smoke in public places such as: hospitals, schools. 31. It is compulsory for all the students to obey the class rules. A. All the students needn’t obey the class rules. B. All the students needn't obey the class rules. C. All the students can't obey the class rules. D. All the students must obey the class rules. 32. The students are required to keep silent during the exam. A. The students may keep silent during the exam. 169

B. The students must keep silent during the exam. C. The students needn’t keep silent during the exam. D. The students shouldn’t keep silent during the exam. 33. It is necessary for people to wear face masks when going out during the Covid-19 pandemic. A. People can wear face masks when going out during the Covid-19 pandemic. B. People must wear face masks when going out during the Covid-19 pandemic. C. People should wear face masks when going out during the Covid-19 pandemic. D. People may wear face masks when going out during the Covid-19 pandemic. 34. The workers at the factory are required to wear protective clothing. A. The workers at the factory should wear protective clothing. B. The workers at the factory must wear protective clothing. C. The workers at the factory need to wear protective clothing. D. The workers at the factory may wear protective clothing. 35. Perhaps we will be late for the meeting. A. We must get to the meeting on time. B. We should get to the meeting on time. C. We needn't get to the meeting on time. D. We may not get to the meeting on time.

4. ĐẢO NGỮ STT

Các dạng đảo ngữ

Các cụm từ có NO

Công thức

Ví dụ

No/ Not + N + Trợ từ+ S+ Động từ

Not a tear did she shed when the story ended in a tragedy.

At no time = Never = Under/In no circumstances (không bao giờ)

At no time did he suspect that his girlfriend was an enemy spy-

By no means (hoàn toàn không)

By no means is she poor. She only pretends to be.

For no reason (không vì lí do gì)

For no reason will we surrender.

In no way (không sao có thể)

In no way could I believe in a ridiculous story.

On no condition = On no account + Trợ từ+ S+ Động từ (dù bất cứ lí do gì cũng không)

On no account should you be late for the Exam.

No longer (không còn nữa)

No longer does he make mistakes.

No where + Trợ từ+ S+ Động từ (không nơi nào, không ở đâu)

No where can the keys be found.

Đảo ngữ với các Never, Rarely, Seldom, Little, trạng từ phủ Hardly , Scarcely, Barely,... định

Đảo ngữ với ONLY

Only after + S + V + Trợ từ + S + V (chỉ sau khi)

Little did he know the truth. Never in my life have I been in such an embarrassing situation. Only after I had left home did I realize how important my family 170

played a role in my life. Only after + N + Trợ từ + S + V (chỉ sau khi)

Only after his father’s retirement did he take over the company.

Only by + Ving + Trợ từ + S + V (chỉ bằng cách)

Only by studying hard can you pass the exam.

Only if + S + V + Trợ từ + S + V (chỉ nếu)

Only if you promise to keep secret will I tell you about it.

Only when + S + V + Trợ từ + S + V (chỉ khi)

Only when you grow up can you understand this matter.

Only with + N + trợ từ + S + V (chỉ với)

Only with your help can we manage.

Only once/ Only later/ Only in this way/ Only then + Trợ từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ

Only once have I met her. Only later did I realize I was wrong.

Hardly/barely/scarcely + had + S + Vp2+ when + S + V(quá khứ đơn) = No sooner + had + S + Vp2+ than + S + V(quá khứ đơn) (ngay khi/ vừa mới thì)

Hardly had I gone to bed when the telephone rang. = No sooner had I gone to bed than the telephone rang.

Hardly No sooner

Not only + Trợ từ + Chủ ngữ + Not only ... but Động từ + but + Chủ ngữ + also + Động từ also (không những ....mà còn)

So/Such .... that

Not until/ Not till

Neither

Not only does she sing beautifully but she also learns well.

So + Tính từ + V + chủ ngữ + that + clause Such + be + N + that + clause/ N + be + such + that + clause (quá... đến nỗi mà)

So beautiful is she that many boys run after her. Her anger was such that she broke the vase. = Such was her anger that she broke the vase.

Not until/till + Time/Time clause + Trợ từ+ Chủ ngữ + Động từ (mãi đến khi)

Not until/till midnight did he come home. Not until/tỉll I was 8 did I know how to ride a bike.

Neither + Trợ từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ

Neither is there excitement nor entertainment in this small town.

Should he come, please tell him to Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should +S + V, V+0/S + will, can...+ see me. V 9

Đảo ngữ với câu Câu điêu kiện loại 2: Were + S + (to V) + .., S + điêu would/could + V kiện Câu điêu kiện loại 3: Had + S + Vp2, S + would/could +

Were I you, I would apply for that job. Were I to have enough money, I would buy that car. Had the car in the front not stopped so suddenly, the accidents wouldn’t have happened. 171

have + Vp2

Although

NOR

Đảo ngữ có SO/NEITHER

Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ chỉ phương hướng/nơi chốn

Đảo ngữ với cụm phân từ

Although/even though/though + S + V, S + V = Much as + S + V, S + V = No matter what + S + V, S + V hoặc No matter how + adj/adv + S + V, S + V = However + adj/adv + S + V = Adj/adv + as/though + S + V, S + V

Although the exercise is difficult, the boys can solve it. = Much as the exercise is difficult, the boys can solve it. = No matter how difficult the exercise is, the boys can solve it. = However difficult the exercise is, the boys can solve it. = Difficult as the exercise is, the boys can solve it.

Nor + Trợ từ + Chủ ngữ + Động từ

He doesn’t smoke, nor does he drink.

So/ Neither + Trợ từ + Chủ ngữ

I can’t sing well, neither can my sister. He loves football, so do I.

Adv of place + V + S

Near my house is a bus stop.

Cụm phân từ (Ving/Vp2) + V + S

Situated in the central mountains of Alaska is a peak named Denali. Coming in first in the race was my sister.

BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 4 1. Olga handed in her exam paper. She then realised that she had missed one question. A. Having realised that she had missed one question, Olga handed in her exam paper. B. Not until Olga had handed in her exam paper did she realise that she had missed one question. C. Had Olga realised that she had missed one question, she wouldn’t hand in her exam paper. D. Only after Olga realised that she had missed one question did she hand in her exam paper. 2. He badly suffered cyberbullying himself He realized the true dangers of social media only then. A. Not until he had badly suffered cyberbullying himself did he realize the true dangers of social media B. Such was his suffering of cyberbullying that he didn’t realize the true dangers of social media. C. Only when he had realized the true dangers of social media did he badly suffer cyberbullying himself. D. But for his terrible suffering of cyberbullying, he wouldn’t realize the true dangers of social media. 3. The coach changed his tactics in the second half. His football team won the match. A. But for the coach’s change of tactics in the second half, his football team could have won the match. B. Not until his football team had won the match did the coach change his tactics in the second half. C. Only if the coach had changed the tactics in the second half could his football team have won the match. D. Had it not been for the coach’s change of tactics in the second half, the football team wouldn’t have won the match. 172

4. The green campaign was strongly supported by the local people. The neighborhood looks fresh and clean now. A. Had the local people not strongly supported the green campaign, the neighborhood wouldn’t look fresh and clean now. B. sacredly had the green campaign been strongly supported by the local people when the neighborhood looked fresh and clean. C. Only if the local people had strongly supported the green campaign would the neighborhood look fresh and clean now. D. But for the strong support of the local people for the green campaign, the neighborhood would look fresh and clean now. 5. Smartphones are becoming reasonably priced. New applications make them more appealing. A. Whatever new applications smartphones have, they are becoming more appealing with reasonable prices. B. No matter how reasonable the prices OS smartphones are, they are not so appealing with new applications. C. Appealing though smartphones are with new applications, they are becoming less affordably priced. D. Not only are smartphones becoming more affordable but, with new applications, they are also more appealing. 6. She tried very hard to pass the driving test. She could hardly pass it. A. Although she didn’t try hard to pass the driving test, she could pass it. B. Despite being able to pass the driving test, she didn’t pass it. C. No matter how hard she tried, she could hardly pass the driving test. D. She tried very hard, so she passed the driving test satisfactorily. 7. Mary left home to start an independent life. She realised how much her family meant to her. A. Only when Mary realised how much her family meant to her did she leave home to start an independent life. B. To realise how much her family meant to her, Mary decided to leave home to start an independent life. C. Not until Mary had left home to start an independent life did she realise how much her family meant to her. D. Mary left home to start an independent life with a view to realising how much her family meant to her. 8. Laura practised playing the instrument a lot. She could hardly improve her performance. A. Hardly had Laura practised playing the instrument a lot when she could improve her performance. B. Had Laura practised playing the instrument a lot, she could have performed much better. C. However much Laura practised playing die instrument, she could hardly perform any better. D. As soon as Laura practised playing the instrument a lot, she could perform much better. 9. His friends supported and encouraged him. He did really well in the competition. A. If his friends had given him support and encouragement, he could have done really well in the competition. B. No matter how much his friends supported and encouraged him, he couldn’t do well in the competition. C. Such were his friends’ support and encouragement that he couldn’t do really well in the competition. D. Had it not been for his friends’ support and encouragement, he couldn’t have done so well in the competition. 10. She gave a great performance at the festival. We now know she has artistic talent. A. Amazing as her artistic talent is, we don’t know about her great performance at the festival. 173

B. Hardly had we known about her artistic talent when she gave a great performance at the festival. C. Although she gave a great performance at the festival, now we still don’t know she has artistic talent. D. But for her great performance at the festival, we wouldn’t know about her artistic talent now. 11. Peter told us about his leaving the school. He did it on his arrival at the meeting. A. Only after his leaving the school did Peter inform us of his arrival at the meeting. B. Not until Peter told us that he would leave the school did he arrive at the meeting. C. Hardly had Peter informed us about his leaving the school when he arrived at the meeting. D. No sooner had Peter arrived at the meeting than he told us about his leaving the school. 12. Mike became a father. He felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents. A. Were Mike to become a father himself, he would feel a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents. B. Only after Mike had become a father himself did he feel a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents. C. Had Mike become a father himself, he would have felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents. D. Not until he felt a strong sense of responsibility towards his parents did Mike become a father himself. 13. He had hardly left the office when the phone rang. A. No sooner had he left the office than the phone rang. B. No sooner he had left the office than the phone rang. C. No sooner he had left the office when the phone rang. D. No sooner he did left the office than the phone rang. 14. No matter how hard Fred tried to start the car, he didn’t succeed. A. Fred tried very hard to start the car, and succeeded. B. However hard Fred tried, he couldn’t start the car. C. It’s hard for Fred to start the car because he never succeeded. D. Fred tried hard to start the car, and with success 15. Although he was very tired, he agreed to help his child with his homework. A. Despite of his tiredness, he was eager to help his child with his homework. B. Tired as he was, he agreed to help his child with his homework. C. Even if feeling very tired, he agreed to help his child with his homework. D. He would have helped his child with his homework if he hadn’t been tired. 16. The noise next door did not stop until after midnight. A. It was not until after midnight that the noise next door stopped. B. It was midnight that the noise next door stopped. C. Not until after midnight did the noise next door stopped D. The noise next door stopped at midnight. 17. Exhaustion prevented any of the runners from finishing the race. A. The runners can’t finish the race as a result of their exhaustion. B. The runners are so exhausted that they can’t finish the race, C. The runners were not exhausted enough to finish the race. D. So exhausted were the runners that none of them finished the race. 18. He started computer programming as soon as he left school. A. No sooner had he started computer programming than he left school. B. Hardly had he started computer programming when he left school. C. No sooner had he left school than he started computer programming. D. After he left school, he had started computer programming. 174

19. We stayed in that hotel despite the noise. A. Despite the hotel is noisy, we stayed here. B. We stayed in the noisy hotel and we liked it. C. No matter how noisy the hotel was, we stayed there. D. Because of the noise, we stayed in the hotel. 20. Friendly though he may seem, he’s not very trusted. A. However he seems friendly, he’s not to be trusted. B. However friendly he seems, he’s not to be trusted. C. He may have friends, but he’s not to be trusted. D. He’s too friendly to be trusted. 21. Despite his early retirement, he found no peace in life. A. Although he retired early, but he found no peace in life. B. His early retirement has brought him peace in life. C. He found no peace in life because he retired early. D. Early as he retired, he found no peace in life. 22. It wasn’t clear to us at the time how serious the problem was. A. We were not sure about how serious the problem was at the time. B. That the problem was serious was not made clear to us. C. Little did we know anything about the seriousness of the problem. D. Little did we realise at the time how serious the problem was. 23. If you want to save your eyesight, you must operate immediately. A. Unless you want to save your eyesight, you mustn’t operate immediately. B. Only by operating immediately can you save your eyesight. C. Provided that you must operate immediately, you can save your eyesight. D. If you did operate immediately, you couldn’t save your eyesight. 24. I only realized what I had missed when they told me about it later. A. Only after I had realized what I had missed did they tell me about it later. B. As soon as they told me about it I realized what I had missed. C. Only when they told me about it later did I realize what I had missed. D. They told me about it and I realized what I had missed. 25. The demand was so great that they had to reprint the book immediately. A. So great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately. B. So great the demand was that they had to reprint the book immediately. C. Such great was the demand that they had to reprint the book immediately. D. Such was the demand great that they had to reprint the book immediately. 26. You won’t find a more dedicated worker anywhere than Mrs Jones. A. Mrs Jones is the most dedicated worker you won’t find anywhere. B. Nowhere will you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones. C. Nowhere will not you find a more dedicated worker than Mrs Jones. D. Mrs Jones can’t be found in nowhere. 27. The outcome of the election was never in doubt. A. At no time was the outcome of the election in doubt. B. At no time the outcome of the election was in doubt. C. Never in doubt was the outcome of the election. D. By no means was the outcome of the election been suspected. 28. The only way to eliminate world terrorism is by united opposition. A. Only with united opposition could we eliminate terrorism. 175

B. Only by united opposition can we eliminate terrorism. C. Only in this way can world terrorism be eliminated. D. Only then can we eliminate terrorism. 29. He forgot about the gun until he got home. A. Not until he got home did he forget about the gun. B. Not until he got home did he remember about the gun. C. Not until he had got home did he remember about the gun. D. Not until he had got home did he forget about the gun. 30. The truth only came out on the publication of the general’s personal diaries. A. Only by publishing the general’s personal diaries, did the truth come out. B. Not until the general’s personal diaries published did the truth come out. C. Hardly were the general’s personal diaries published than the truth came out. D. Only when the general’s personal diaries were published did the truth come out. 31. He finally contracted the disease. He was aware of the importance of preventive measures only then. A. But for his awareness of the importance of preventive measures, he could have contracted the disease. B. Hardly had he been aware that preventive measures were essential when he contracted the disease. C. Not until he was aware of the importance of preventive measures did he contract the disease. D. Only after he had contracted the disease was he aware that preventive measures were essential. 32. The #Trashtag Challenge has had a great influence on people around the world. They have started to clean up their nearby polluted areas. A. So influential is the #Trashtag Challenge that people around the world have started to clean up their nearby polluted areas. B. Only if the #Trashtag Challenge greatly influenced people around the world would they start cleaning up their nearby polluted areas. C. Not until people around the world had started cleaning up their nearby polluted areas did the #Trashtag Challenge greatly influence them. D. But for the great influence of the #Trashtag Challenge, people around the world would havestarted cleaning their nearby polluted areas. 33. The Covid-19 pandemic was severe. All the schools nationwide were temporarily closed. A. It was the temporary closure of all the schools nationwide that led to the severity of the Covid-19 pandemic. B. Not until all the schools nationwide were temporarily closed did the Covid-19 pandemic turn severe. C. Such was the severity of the Covid-19 pandemic that all the schools nationwide were temporarily closed. D. Severe as the Covid-19 pandemic was, all the schools nationwide were temporarily closed. 34. Single-use plastic products are convenient. They are detrimental to the environment. A. It is their detriment to the environment that makes single-use plastic products convenient. B. Convenient though single-use plastic products are, they are detrimental to the environment. C. Not only are single-use plastic products convenient, they are also detrimental to the environment. D. Were single-use plastic products convenient, they would be detrimental to the environment. 35. The coronavirus pandemic had spread quickly across the country. The government took measures to prevent the speed of infection. A. It was not until the coronavirus pandemic spread quickly across the country that the government had taken measures to prevent the speed of infection. 176

B. Not until had the coronavirus pandemic spread quickly across the country the government took measures to prevent the speed of infection. C. It was not until the coronavirus pandemic had spread quickly across the country did the government take measures to prevent the speed of infection. D. Not until the coronavirus pandemic had spread quickly across the country did the government take measures to prevent the speed of infection. 5. THỨC GIẢ ĐỊNH * Công thức: CÂU ĐIÊU KIỆN * Dùng trong câu điều kiện loại 2 để diễn tả một điều kiện không có thật ở hiện tại hoặc không thể xảy ra được ở tương lai. Cấu trúc: If + S + V(quá khứ đơn)+..., S + would/could + V(nguyên dạng) * Dùng trong mệnh đề điều kiện của câu điều kiện loại 3 để diễn tả những giả thuyết không có thật ở trong quá khứ. Cấu trúc: If + S + V(quá khứ hoàn thành)+..., S + would/could + have + Vp2 CÂU ƯỚC (S + wish)/if only + S + V(quá khứ đơn) → Dùng trong câu ước không có thực ở hiện tại

(S + wish)/if only + S + V (quá khứ hoàn thành) Dùng để diễn đạt ý cấu mong hoặc giả định đã không xảy ra trong quá khứ. BÀI TẬP ÁP DỤNG 5 1. Lan didn't apply for the job in the library. She regrets it now. A. Lan wishes she had applied for the job in the library. B. Lan wishes she hadn’t applied for the job in the library. C. Lan wishes she would apply for the job in the library. D. Lan wishes she applies for the job in the library. 2. Maria says she'd like to have been put in a higher class. A. Maria wishes that she will be put in a higher class. B. Maria wishes that she is put in a higher class. C. Maria wishes that she had been put in a higher class. D. Maria wishes that she were put in a higher class. 3. He broke up with her but now he thinks that was a mistake. A. He wishes he hadn't broken up with her. B. He wishes not to have broken her up. C. He regrets having not broken up with her. D. He was mistaken with breaking up with her. 4. I regret not going to the airport to see her off. A. I wish I had gone to the airport to see her off. B. If only I would go to the airport to see her off. 177

C. I regret to go to the airport to see her off. D. If I were you, I would go to the airport to see her off. 5. It's such a pity my mother can't attend my birthday party. A. If only my mother could attend my birthday party. B. If only my mother had attended my birthday party. C. I am very sorry that my mother didn't attend my birthday party. D. I wonder why my mother can't attend my birthday party. 6. You are not tactful; that is why you are always offending other people. A. You must have offended other people because you are not tactful. B. If you were tactful, you would satisfy other people. C. I wish you were tactful so that you don’t offend other people. D. You should have been tactful so that you didn’t offend other people. 7. It is a pity that I can’t speak English as native speaker. A. I wish I could speak English as a native speaker. B. I wish I couldn’t speak English as a native speaker. C. I wish I can speak English as a native speaker. D. I wish I have spoken English as a native speaker. 8. His parents are away on holiday. He really needs their help now. A. As long as his parents are at home, they will be able to help him. B. He wishes his parents were at home and could help him now. C. If his parents are at home, they can help him now. D. If only his parents had been at home and could have helped him. 9. I didn't read the book from which the film was made. I can't tell you about it. A. I wish I had read the book from which the film was made. B. If I had read the book from which the film was made, I could have told you about it. C. I wish I had read the book from which the film was made and could tell you about it. D. As long as I didn’t read the book from which the film was made, I can’t tell you about it. 10. He doesn't have any money now. He can't lend his friend some. A. As long as he has much money now, he can lend his friend some. B. If he has much money now, he can lend his friend some. C. He wishes he had money now and could lend his friend some. D. If only he had had money now and could have lent his friend some.

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PHẦN II: CÁC ĐỀ TỰ LUYỆN ĐỀ SỐ 1 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. B. planted C. played D. seemed Question 1: A. planned Question 2: A. shouting B. doubtful C. thorough D. amount Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. Question 3: A. provide B. cancel C. enter D. listen Question 4: A. volunteer B. concentrate C. company D. difficult Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 5: Your mother is cooking in the kitchen, _______? A. won't she B. didn’t she C. doesn't she D. isn't she Question 6: The names of the winners of the competition _______ in June. A. will be published B. was published C. have published D. had been published Question 7: He's very particular _______ the kitchen - everything has to be perfectly clean and in its place. A. about B. on C. from D. to Question 8: _______ your education is, the greater your opportunities are. A. Better B. The best C. The better D. The best th Question 9: My mother gave me a (n) _______ bike on my 17 birthday. A. red expensive Japanese B. Japanese red expensive C. expensive red Japanese D. expensive Japanese red Question 10: I _______ on the computer when the lights went out. A. was working B. is working C. worked D. works Question 11: Many shops are doing badly _______ the economic situation. A. because of B. because C. though D. in spite of Question 12: _______, the price of the camera had risen by ten percent. A. When I save enough money B. By the time I saved enough money C. As soon as I have saved enough money D. After I had saved enough money Question 13: _______ a hotel, we looked for some place to have dinner. A. Having found B. Finding C. To find D. Having been found Question 14: The sea turtle is an _______ species which needs protecting. A. danger B. dangerously C. endangered D. danger Question 15: All the steelworks around here were closed down in the 1980s. A. closed down B. brought up C. carried off D. turned into Question 16: Remember to _______ goodbye to the interviewer before you leave. A. tell B. speak C. say D. talk Question 17: We are trying to produce cheaper goods than our _______. A. opponents B. contestants C. contender D. competitors Question 18: You'll be green with _______ when you meet her new boyfriend. A. black B. green C. blue D. red Question 19: RMIT Vietnam holds annual graduation _______ in Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi A. celebrations B. ceremonies C. anniversaries D. occasion Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1

Question 20: Some personality characteristics are innate; others are learned after birth. A. studied B. natural C. false D. man-made Question 21: Music is the literature of the heart; it commences where speech ends. A. speaks B. begins C. lasts D. opens Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 22: I was uneasy about my test results and only stopped that feeling when I found out I had passed. A. difficult B. simple C. calm D. nervous Question 23: Even today, women don't have a level playing field in terms of opportunities to excel and succeed. A. a situation that is fair B. a situation that is biased C. a situation that is important D. a situation that is trivial Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges. Question 24: Akina and Eudora are talking about transportation. - Akina: “Cars have become an indispensable part of our lives”. - Eudora “ _______, but I think we should limit car use to clear air pollution” A. You shouldn’t say that again B. That’s right C. I couldn’t agree with you less D. I’m afraid you are wrong. Question 25: Fiona and her mother are checking their washing machine. - Fiona “What’s wrong with the washing machine? - Her mother “_______” A. That is not right. B. They are not watching the right TV channel. C. It might be the water supply. D. Make yourself at home. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. LIFELONG LEARNING Evidence of the benefits of learning during the latter (26) _______ of life is overwhelming, from research by the Alzheimer's Society showing the delayed onset of the disease, to reduced dependency on welfare support. Melissa March is executive director of Learning for the Fourth Age, a charity dedicated to bringing trained volunteers into care settings (27) _______ they work with residents. “Our volunteers help people with everything from recovering piano-playing after strokes to wanting to tackle Welsh for the first time,” she explains.” In addition, there is (28) _______ of interest in IT and the connections that email can bring. Our work helps break down older people's fears about young people and opens our volunteers' eyes to the lives of older people with very different experiences from their own.” Such improvements bring genuine happiness, as 78-year-old Londoner Maria Tolly found. In 1989, health problems spelled an end to her career as a professional guitarist, until specialist music technology courses at Morley College and the City Lit restored her (29) _______ to making music. “I was concerned that I might be sidelined,” she recalls, “but actually studying at both institutions has proved that age is immaterial - I feel so connected to life (30) _______ a combination of forgetting myself and realizing how much I still have to learn.” Soon she had music commissions ranging from after-school dance groups to composing a song for the 100th anniversary of her local park. “I am now becoming interested in music videos and I am looking for collaborators.” (Source: https://www.theguardian.com) Question 26: A. spells B. spans C. stages D. periods Question 27: A. what B. which C. where D. when Question 28: A. most B. lots C. a great many D. Instead Question 29: A. ambition B. commitment C. sacrifice D. inspiration 2

Question 30: A. in spite of B. instead of C. due to D. thanks to Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35. A few months ago, a group of scientists warned about the rise of “extinction denial,” an effort much like climate denial to mischaracterize the extinction crisis and suggest that human activity isn’t really having a damaging effect on ecosystems and the whole planet. That damaging effect is, in reality, impossible to deny. This past year, scientists and conservation organizations declared that a long list of species may have gone extinct, including dozens of frogs, orchids and fish. Most of these species haven’t been seen in decades, despite frequent and regular expeditions to find out if they still exist. The causes of these extinctions range from diseases to invasive species to habitat loss, but most boil down to human behavior. One of the first papers of 2020 to report any extinction announced the probable loss of 17 percent of Bangladesh's 187 known orchid species. Some of these still exist in other countries, but even regional extinctions (or extirpations, as they're called) tell us that we’ve taken a toll on our ecological habitats. A similar paper published just days later suggested that nine more orchid species from Madagascar may have also gone extinct. One of the few extinctions of 2020 received much media attention, and it's easy to see why. Handfish are an unusual group of species whose front fins look somewhat like human appendages, which they use to walk around the ocean floor. The smooth species, which hasn’t been seen since 1802, lived off the coast of Tasmania and was probably common when it was first collected by naturalists. Bottom fishing, pollution, habitat destruction, bycatch and other threats are all listed as among the probable reasons for its extinction. Even though the local fishery collapsed more than 50 years ago, the remaining handfish species are still critically endangered, so this extinction should serve as an important wake-up call to save them. (Adapted from https//www.scientificamerican.com/) Question 31. Which of the following could be the main idea of the passage? A. Human activities are not the primary cause of species extinction. B. Myriad flora and fauna species may have become extinction recently. C. The negative effects of extinction crisis are increasing. D. Plants are more vulnerable than animals. Question 32. The word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to _______. A. expeditions B. decades C. species D. scientists Question 33. Which of the following is TRUE? A. It’s likely to find the extinct orchid species beyond the borders of Bangladesh. B. Deforestation may cause some diseases to kill the invasive species. C. The price for our modern society is the increasing loss in ecological habitats. D. Bottom fishing and accidental entrapment only affect big marine species. Question 34. According to the last paragraph, handfish _______. A. are raised for recreation. B. resemble human's ancestor. C. are threatened by naturalists D. live on the seabed. Question 35. The word “collapsed” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______. A. closed down B. gave up C. put off D. took over Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. When I was a teenager playing Ubisoft's Assassin's Creed series, I definitely wasn't looking to learn things. But with 11 main AC games all set during different times and places in history - like ancient Egypt, Greece, and America during the Revolutionary War - I was bound to learn something, even if just by accident. And I definitely did. One day, my history teacher passed out blank maps of the Caribbean. It was a quiz I had forgotten about. We had to label countries and major cities. Luckily, I'd been playing a lot of Assassin's Creed: 3

Black Flag, set in the Caribbean during the golden age of piracy in the early 18th century. So I was able to draw on my life as a pirate to fill in the map, and I got an A. When I was seven, I learned to multiply quickly through a purely educational game called Treasure Mountain!, which had me solving math problems to progress up a mountain and collect treasure in a never-ending loop. And then, of course, there was Assassin's Creed. Ubisoft leaned into AC's educational potential, with very cool results. They did a lot of research to recreate Ancient Egypt in AC: Origins and Ancient Greece in AC: Odyssey, and they released an educational discovery tour for each game that lets you look around the environment with no violence, enemies, or time constraints. You can learn about the Olympic Games, and how Sparta trained its soldiers in ancient Greece, with real historical figures acting as your tour guides. Or jump over to ancient Egypt to check out mummies and climb on the pyramids. Obviously, Assassin's Creed can't teach you everything you need to know about the ancient world — but the games do make that world come alive for people who are reluctant to learn, like I was. If you're looking for some other options, Minecraft is incredibly popular with kids of any age. Minecraft: Education Edition is free for everybody with a student email until at least June 30, and features over 500 pre-made lesson plans for things like coding, history, English, and much more. For example, there is a lesson plan on how to write clear instructions for in-game actions, and another that lets kids learn about slopes by building a roller coaster. (Source: https://www.npr.org) Question 36: Which is the most suitable title for the passage? A. Relaxation choices after studying. B. Propaganda for online gaming. C. New educational platforms. D. Learning from video games. Question 37: The word “bound” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______. A. fated B. certain C. forced D. required Question 38: The word “never-ending” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______. A. endless B. relentless C. limitless D. hopeless Question 39: According to paragraph 4, which is NOT an experience offered in Assassin’s Creed: Odyssey A. Learning about the grand pyramids and the making of mummies. B. Historical personages introducing tours around the ancient Greek. C. Exploring the ancient Greece without being hassled by enemies. D. Watching how the ancient Spartan military training was like. Question 40: According to the passage, what is the authors trying to convince the readers of? A. The gaming industry is one of the most culturally rich industries. B. Gaming teaches more about historical events than textbooks do. C. Video games can get children interested in learning something. D. The gaming worlds are well researched, thus historically correct. Question 41: Through the passage, the author wants to encourage people _______. A. to invest in online games as a potential learning tool in classrooms. B. to use games as a way to solidify their previously learnt knowledge. C. to take advantage of games, be it educational or not, to learn things. D. to draw a clear line between the virtual world and the real world. Question 42: The word “another” in paragraph 6 refers to _______. A. instruction B. lesson plan C. in-game action D. student email Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. Question 43: Electrical goods were almost double the price they were a few years ago. A B C D 4

Question 44: Everyone has his own ideas about the best way to bring up children. A B C D Question 45: During this campaign, we aim to improve opportunities for the less A B C advantageous in society. D Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. Question 46: We last saw Grandma in 1994. A. The last time we saw Grandma was since 1994. B. We haven’t seen Grandma since 1994. C. It is in 1994 since I last saw Grandma. D. It is in 1994 that I last saw Grandma. Question 47: “Don’t forget to get up early for the meeting tomorrow, Maria”, said Antonio. A. Antonio ordered Maria to get up early for the meeting the following day. B. Antonio asked Maria to get up early for the meeting the following day. C. Antonio reminded Maria to get up early for the meeting the following day. D. Antonio persuaded Maria to get up early for the meeting the following day. Question 48: She is not allowed to meet her children until the operation has finished. A. She may not meet her children until the operation has finished. B. She shouldn’t meet her children until the operation has finished. C. She needn’t meet her children until the operation has finished. D. She mustn’t meet her children until the operation has finished. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. Question 49: He dropped out of school when he was 16. He regrets it now. A. If he hadn’t dropped out of school when he was 16, he wouldn’t have regreted now. B. He wishes he hadn't dropped out of school when he was 16. C. If only he didn’t drop out of school when he was 16 so that he doesn't feel regretful now. D. As long as he dropped out of school when he was 16, he regrets it now. Question 50: My girlfriend was born in a rich family. She never wastes money on clothes that she doesn't need. A. However my girlfriend’s family is rich, she never wastes money on clothes that she doesn't need. B. Were my girlfriend’s family rich, she would never waste money on clothes that she doesn't need. C. As long as my girlfriend’s family rich, she never wastes money on clothes that she doesn't need. D. Rich though my girlfriend’s family is, she never wastes money on clothes that she doesn't need. The end

ĐỀ SỐ 2 Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. B. lives C. stays D. meets Question 1: A. knows Question 2: A. reliable B. liquid C. revival D. final Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. Question 3: A. attend B. option C. percent D. become Question 4: A. beautiful B. important C. delicious D. exciting Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 5: That is your umbrella, _______? A. isn't it B. isn't that C. does it D. doesn’t it Question 6: _______ photograph of the place, I had no desire to go there. A. Seeing B. Having seen C. Being seen D. To see Question 7: When I was in Vietnam, I lived in a (n) _______ house. A. modern big brick B. big modern brick C. brick modern big D. big brick modern Question 8: When she came in and turned on the TV, her favourite programme _______. A. just began B. was just beginning C. had just begun D. would be beginning Question 9: _______ the teacher explained the lesson several times, some of the students didn’t understand it. A. Because B. Because of C. Despite D. Though Question 10: My father won’t allow me to go to the theater _______. A. when I finished doing my household chores B. after I had finished doing my household chores C. once I will finish doing my household chores D. until I has finished doing my household chores Question 11: I think she's a teacher, but I couldn't say _______ certain. A. at B. with C. to D. for Question 12: I _______ when the ceremony will take place yet. A. have not been informed B. am not informed C. was not informed D. have not informed Question 13: Music and television are forms of _______. A. entertain B. entertained C. entertaining D. entertainment Question 14: My father still hasn't really the death of my mother. A. looked after B. taken after C. recovered from D. gone off Question 15: In general, the more exercise you take, the greater the health benefit; but beyond a certain level you get _______ returns. A. diminishing B. lessening C. decreasing D. reducing Question 16: I do not think there is a real _______ between men and women at home as well as in society. A. balance B. justice C. fairness D. equality Question 17: The sign should be put in the most _______ place so that everybody can see it. A. conspicuous B. obvious C. common D. spacious Question 18: I _______ my chance to get that job because I arrived late for the interview. A. threw B. blew C. flew D. drew Question 19: The faster you drive, _______ you are to have an accident. A. more likely B. the more likely C. the liker D. the most likely 6

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 20: Sports and festivals form an integral part of every human society. A. delighted B. exciting C. essential D. informative Question 21: The accomplishments he has had contributes to the development of local sports. A. achievements B. structures C. calculations D. documents Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 22: The International Organizations are going to be in a temporary way in the country. A. forever B. permanent C. complicated D. contemporary Question 23: I broke my neck trying to arrive at the railway station on time. A. gave up B. pressed on C. went on D. kept on Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the option that best completes each of the following exchanges. Question 24: Jane is talking to Liz about the gift. - Jane: “Thanks for the nice gift you bought for us!” - Liz:” _______.’’ A. Not at all. Don’t mention it. B. Welcome! It’s very nice of you C. All right. Do you know how much it costs? D. Actually speaking. I myself don’t like it. Question 25: Mary is talking to Peter about the bus. - Mary: “Oh my God, I’ve missed the bus!” - Peter:” _______. Another will come here in ten minutes.” A. I hope so B. Never mind. C. Don’t worry D. Thank you. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. Today, many governments are promoting organic or natural farming methods (26) _______ avoid the use of pesticides and other artificial products. The aim is to show that they (27) _______ about the environment and about people’s health. But is this the right approach? Europe is now the biggest (28) _______ for organic food in the world, expanding by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. Eating organic is (29) _______ way of defining oneself as natural, good, caring, different from the junk-food-scoffing masses. As a journalist puts it: “It feels closer to the source, the beginning, the start of things.” The organic approach means farming with natural, rather than man-made. Techniques such as crop rotation improve soil quality and help organic farmers compensate for the absence of man-made chemicals. (30) _______ , for its ineffective use of land and labour, there are severe limits to how much food can be produced. (Adapted from IELTS by Cambridge) Question 26: A. that B. how C. who D. why Question 27: A. bring B. account C. take D. care Question 28: A. agency B. market C. enterprise D. supermarket Question 29: A. most B. other C. one D. each Question 30: A. Moreover B. However C. Although D. Because Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35. At the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus started spreading in China. This type of coronavirus is often called 2019-nCoV, novel coronavirus, or COVID-19. It is believed that the virus was transmitted from animals to humans. Some of the first cases were diagnosed in people who had visited 7

a market selling live seafood and animals. Unfortunately, when viruses are transmitted from animals to people, it can take scientists a lot of time before they can develop a vaccine or medicines to cure it. Some of the symptoms of the coronavirus are fever, cough, runny nose, sore throat, headache, and trouble breathing. These symptoms are very much like those people have with a cold or the flu. The virus appears to spread mainly from person to person. The transmission occurs when someone comes into contact with an infected person. For example, a cough, sneeze or handshake could cause transmission. The spread may also be caused by coming into contact with something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes. There is no specific vaccine or medication to cure the disease, but generally, symptoms will go away on their own. However, experts recommend seeking medical care early if symptoms feel worse than a standard cold. Doctors can relieve symptoms by prescribing pain or fever medication. As far as antibiotics are concerned, they are useless to treat coronavirus. (Adapted from MyEnglishpage.com) Question 31: Which best serves as the title of the passage? A. The symptoms of coronavirus B. The origin of coronavirus C. Coronavirus: Do you know about it? D. How to treat coronavirus? Question 32: The word “Unfortunately” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______? A. Unluckily B. Unpleasantly C. Uncomfortably D. Unacceptably Question 33: Which is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a symptom of the coronavirus? A. fever B. cough C. trouble breathing D. allergic Question 34: According to paragraph 2, the coronavirus can be transmitted from person to person when _______? A. An infected person shakes hands with someone. B. An infected person coughs or sneezes without covering. C. Someone come into contact with something an infected person touched. D. All are correct. Question 35: The word “they” in paragraph 4 refers to _______? A. Doctors B. Antibiotics C. Symptoms D. Experts Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. Although it's impossible to ignore their popularity, it seems to me that many reality shows send an unfortunate message encouraging a cult of instant celebrity. Many are built around blatant selfpromotion and are based on humiliating others for the entertainment of viewers. These programmes suggest that anyone can become famous simply by “being themselves” on TV, without working hard or displaying any talent. Children who watch these shows may come to believe that they don't need to study conscientiously at school, or train hard for a job. As one commentator points out, “We tell kids that what matters is being a celebrity and we wonder why some behave as they do. It seems to me that this addiction to celebrity culture is creating a dumbed-down generation.” In pretending to imitate real life, reality shows promote the belief that we should aspire to be the reality stars we watch on televisions. One of the reasons so many people enjoy reality shows is that they feature real people operating without scripts. The fact that characters have been selected to encourage disagreements or tension and then cynically manipulated does not take away from the reality of the programmers; in fact it adds to it. The unusual settings of shows like Big Brother do not reduce the educational value of observing how the contestants cope with their situation. In fact, without such shows, most people would have little concept of how a group of strangers would be able to survive, co-operate and develop in such environments. As Time Magazine describes it, “They provoke and offend, but at least they are trying to do something besides helping you get to sleep.” This insight therefore into the human condition is invaluable, and it is little surprise that so many viewers are eager to watch these programmes. Far from discouraging hard work and education, reality TV programmes help to create a society in which we have shared experiences and a strong sense of community. Despite the fact that they do not 8

reflect reality, they provide an important social glue. In the past, there were only a few television channels, and everybody watched the same programmes. This sense of a shared experience helped to bind people together, giving them common things to talk about at work the next day: so-called “water cooler moments'. Reality programmes play that role in contemporary society with viewership being almost a cultural imperative, an experience shared simultaneously with friends and family. The criticism that reality TV shows may corrupt viewers is not sustainable. Just as it is possible empathize with real-life criminals without going on to commit crimes ourselves, there is no reason why viewers should be persuaded to emulate the morality of reality TV programmes. (Adapted from Life by National Geographic) Question 36: Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage? A. How are reality TV programmes produced? B. The arguments between commentators about reality TV programmes. C. The aspects of reality TV programmes. D. The effects of reality TV programmes on young people. Question 37: The word “their” in paragraph 1 refers to _______? A. Reality shows B. Reality stars C. Viewers D. Characters Question 38: Why do so many people enjoy reality shows? A. Because the real people appear in the shows. B. Because there are no unusual settings in the shows. C. Because people have to be in real situation. D. Because there is no script for real people to perform. Question 39: The phrase “cope with” is closest in meaning to _______? A. fit B. manage C. stop D. make Question 40: According to paragraph 3, what reality TV programmes bring people nowadays more than in the past? A. That everybody watches the same programmes. B. That everybody experiences the morality of TV programmes. C. That everybody has a sense of shared experiences. D. That everybody talks to each other about work after watching TV programmes. Question 41: The word “sustainable” in paragraph 3 most probably means _______? A. continuous B. unsuitable C. wasteful D. tiring Question 42: Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage? A. Reality TV programmes send no message of morality to viewers. B. Reality TV programmes have no values to viewers. C. Reality TV programmes create a community in which people tend to be closer to each other. D. Kids seem not to be interested in the celebrity appearing in the TV programmes. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. Question 43: News about COVID-19 had been updated every minute recently. A B C D Question 44: Customs stopped us and checked their bags for alcohol and cigarettes. A B C D Question 45: Some Greeks felt that the universe was static and unchanged: others A B C believed that change was constant. D Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. Question 46: She started learning English 10 years ago. 9

A. It's 10 years since she last started learning English. B. She has started learning English for 10 years. C. She has been learning English for 10 years. D. The last time she learned English was 10 years ago. Question 47: “Would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight?” he said. A. He invited me to go to the cinema with him that night. B. He offered me to go to the cinema with him that night. C. He insisted me on going to the cinema with him that night. D. He asked me to go to the cinema with him that night. Question 48: It’s necessary for you to drink enough water every day. A. You should drink enough water every day. B. You may drink enough water every day. C. You needn’t drink enough water every day. D. You mustn’t drink enough water every day. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. Question 49: I left home. Then I realized how much my family meant to me. A. Not until I had left home did I realize how much my family meant to me. B. When having left home did I realized how much my family meant to me. C. After having left home did I realized how much my family meant to me. D. Only when I realized how much my family meant to me did I leave home. Question 50: He didn't take his doctor's advice. His health gets worse. A. If he took his doctor’s advice, his health wouldn't get worse. B. He wishes he had taken his doctor’s advice and his health didn’t get worse. C. If only he had taken his doctor's advice, his health wouldn’t have got worse. D. Suppose that he didn’t take his doctor's advice, his health gets better. The end

ĐỀ SỐ 3 Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. B. acquired C. devoted D. damaged Question 1: A. behaved Question 2: A. rich B. nice C. high D. fine Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word which differs from the other three in the position of the main stress in each of the following questions. Question 3: A. admit B. support C. enhance D. suffer Question 4: A. memory B. pollution C. holiday D. interview Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 5: She’s kind to animals, _______? A. won’t she B. isn’t she C. doesn’t she D. didn’t she Question 6: Over 100 guests _______ to attend John’s birthday at home. A. invited B. were inviting C. were invited D. invite Question 7: He remained strongly optimistic _______ his chances of making a full recovery. A. with B. on C. to D. about Question 8: _______ the test is, the better grades we get in our exams. A. Simpler B. The simplest C. The simpler D. Simplest Question 9: She gave her boyfriend a pair of _______ shoes on Valentine's Day to express her burning love for him. A. expensive leather running B. leather expensive running C. expensive running leather D. running expensive leather Question 10: Marry _______ the household chores while her brother was watching his favorite cartoon. A. is doing B. did C. does D. was doing Question 11. More and more nuclear power stations were built _______ widespread opposition from the public. A. because of B. because C. in spite D. despite Question 12: The mass murderer had left the scene of the crime _______. A. before the police had come B. when the police were coming C. by the time the police came D. as soon as the police come Question 13: _______ a scholarship to Columbia University, she decided to hold a small party. A. To be awarded B. Awarding C. Being awarded D. Having been awarded Question 14: This is not an _______ option for many smallholder farmers because of its financial burden. A. attraction B. attractive C. attractively D. attract Question 15: I couldn’t _______ what she was saying because of the noise of the traffic. A. turn out B. put up C. make out D. get off Question 16: It is the parents who actually _______ these behavioral problems in their children. A. view B. observe C. stare D. glance Question 17: There is a low survival _______ among babies born before 22 weeks. A. percentage B. proportion C. rate D. level Question 18: Gold prices were fallen last month, but he missed the _______ by waiting till today to buy it. A. ship B. shuttle C. boat D. flight Question 19: The principal worked in close _______ with teachers on the new method of study at school. A. relation B. collaboration C. combination D. touch 11

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 20: There was clear evidence that economic activities had fallen drastically and gradually recovered in COVID-19 pandemic. A. quickly B. slowly C. finally D. favorably Question 21: The issue of climate change has received considerable attention in recent times. A. notice B. ignorance C. balance D. battle Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 22: She was aware of what was going on, but she didn't completely understand it. A. totally B. thoroughly C. partially D. negatively Question 23: The bad weather conditions put a damper on our picnic beside the river. A. showed the negative side of something B. made something more enjoyable C. changed something good into something bad D. encouraged something to change Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the most suitable response to complete each of the following exchanges. Question 24: Brown is talking to Linda, his new classmate, in the schoolyard. - Brown: “How do you go to school, Linda?” - Linda: “ _______.” A. About ten kilometers B. Less than 30 minutes C. A bit too long D. On foot Question 25: Billy and Laura are talking about working part-time. - Billy: “I think working part-time is a distraction from our study.” - Laura: “ _______. It gives us the ability to spend money wisely and improve our time management skills” A. It makes sense to me B. It’s right C. I totally agree with you D. I don't quite agree Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction on each of the following questions. Question 26: Tomorrow morning, I had exams in Physics but I haven't started my revision yet. A. morning B. had C. in D. haven’t started Question 27: She has made a study of chemical fertilizers and its effect on the environment. A. has made B. chemical C. its D. the Question 28: Great white sharks are protective species along the California coast, but they are still being hunted for business transaction. A. protective B. coast C. hunted D. transaction Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to the sentence given in each of the following questions. Question 29: The last time I rode a bicycle to school was when I was in 9 grade. A. I haven't ridden a bicycle to school for 9 years. B. I haven't ridden a bicycle to school since I was in 9 grade. C. I didn't ride a bicycle to school when I was in 9 grade. D. I have ridden a bicycle to school for when I was in 9 grade. Question 30: “I'm really sorry I didn't reply to your email, Jack” she said. A. She blamed Jack for not replying to her email. B. She apologized Jack for not replying to his email. C. She refused to reply to Jack’s email. 12

D. She promised to reply to Jack's email. Question 31: It is absolutely imperative that we finish the project by next week. A. We must finish the project by next week. B. We may finish the project by next week. C. We needn’t finish the project by next week. D. We don’t have to finish the project by next week. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. Question 32: Her boss is on business. She really needs his support to solve the problem now. A. As long as her boss isn’t on business, he will support her to solve the problem. B. She wishes her boss wouldn’t be on business and could support her to solve the problem now. C. If her boss isn’t on business, he will support her to solve the problem now. D. If only her boss hadn’t been on business and could have supported her to solve the problem. Question 33: He finally failed the entrance examination to university. He realized the importance of making an attempt to study. A. Not until he realized the importance of making an attempt to study did he fail the entrance examination to university. B. Only after he had failed the entrance examination to university did he realize the importance of making an attempt to study. C. Hardly had he realized the importance of making an attempt to study when he failed the entrance examination to university. D. Had he not realized the importance of making an attempt to study, he couldn’t have failed the entrance examination to university. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 34 to 38. URBANIZATION Urbanization is on the (34) _______ around the world. By 2050, some 70 percent of humanity will live in the cities and that is good news for the environment. Many of the environmental advantages are derived from living spaces being condensed. For example, electricity use per person in cities is lower than electricity use per person in the suburbs and rural areas. Condensed living space (35) _______ creates reduction in energy use also allows for more of the natural environment to be preserved. In a suburban or rural environment, private properties are spread out, because land values are relatively low. (36) _______ , more of the natural environment is destroyed. In cities, property values are higher and space is used more efficiently. That means that more people live in the same square mile of land than in rural areas. (37) _______ environmental advantage of cities compared to rural areas is a decrease in carbon emissions per person. In a rural or suburban area, people normally use their own vehicles to drive to work or anywhere else. Due to congestion, the use of personal cars in the city is much less attractive. More people use public (38) _______ instead and that means that less carbon dioxide gets released into the atmosphere. (Source: https://www.cato.org/blog/urbanization-good-environment) Question 34: A. rise B. increase C. raise D. soar Question 35: A. who B. when C. where D. that Question 36: A. In contrast B. For example C. Therefore D. In addition Question 37: A. Another B. Other C. Many D. Most Question 38: A. conveyance B. transportation C. transmission D. transport Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 39 to 43. The adorable clone, named Elizabeth Ann, is a species of black-footed ferret, one of the most endangered mammals in North America, according to the World Wildlife Fund for Nature. Born on 13

Dec. 10, 2020, Elizabeth Ann was created using cells from “Willa,” a wild black-footed ferret who died and had her cells cryopreserved in 1988, according to a statement from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), which was involved in the cloning. The feat marks the first time an endangered species in the U.S. has been cloned, the statement said. “It was a commitment to seeing this species survive that has led to the successful birth of Elizabeth Ann,” Ryan Phelan, executive director of Revive & Restore, a conservation organization that was involved with the cloning, said in the statement. “To see her now thriving ushers in a new era for her species and for conservation-dependent species everywhere.” Black-footed ferrets were once thought to be extinct, but scientists found a small population in 1981, which allowed conservationists to start captive breeding programs for the species. About 250 to 350 of the ferrets live in captivity, and 300 more live in reintroduction sites in the wild, according to Revive & Restore. But the limited genetic diversity of the species has challenged its recovery, making the creatures prone to health disorders and certain infections, the Times reported. Since Willa was not one of the “seven founders” of the population, her genes — which are now possessed by Elizabeth Ann — could bring much-needed variation to the population's genetics. Several other endangered animals have been cloned in other parts of the world, including gaur, or wild cattle, in 2001, bucardo, or wild goats, in 2009, and wild coyotes in 2012, according to Scientific American. (Source: https://www.livescience.com/) Question 39: Which could be the best title of the passage? A. First cloned endangered species in the US. B. New technology to save the biodiversity. C. The use of biotechnology in conservation. D. The first step towards human cloning. Question 40: The word “ushers in” in paragraph 1 mostly means _______. A. escorts B. guides C. signals D. causes Question 41: The word “her” in paragraph 2 refers to _______. A. Willa B. Elizabeth Ann C. black-footed ferret D. clone Question 42: According to the passage, Elizabeth Ann _______. A. will serve as a key to the mystery of black-footed ferret’s genetics. B. will be the only clone due to the controversial nature of the practice. C. will be recorded in the history of biology as a technological miracle. D. will help bring genetic diversity to the black-footed ferret population Question 43: Which of the following statements is NOT true, according to the passage? A. Researchers have successfully cloned a highly endangered ferret species. B. Before cloning, black-footed ferrets were a story of conservation failure. C. Elizabeth Ann was cloned using cells frozen more than three decades ago. D. Genetic similarity makes today’s ferrets potentially susceptible to diseases. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 44 to 50. Once your child is born, they start learning motor skills, language skills, cognitive skills, and emotional skills. Regarding motor skills, it is largely the family's responsibility for teaching these skills. Even if your child is in daycare, the work that parents put in at home to teach these skills is much more effective than in the few hours your child is under someone else’s care. Your child will learn how to sit up, walk, run, climb, hold a spoon and so on. These seem quite natural to us as adults, but they are skills that have to be fine-tuned at a very young age, and they also reinforce your child’s independence which is essential for their development. Language skills are another essential component of the role of family in child development. If you do not speak to your child and teach them your language, they will never learn. One infamous example 14

of this occurring is with Genie, a child who was locked in a dark room with extremely little human contact until she was rescued at age 13. She was never able to develop language fluency because it was never taught to her. So, teaching your children language skills from a young age is also essential to child development. Another skill that is very important for child development is emotion. Emotional skills are important throughout your child’s entire life as they teach them when to have sympathy and compassion for others as well as teach them how to deal with the highs and lows that come with life. If your child does not have proper emotional skills, they will not be able to deal with bad outcomes. If they lack emotional skills, it could lead to destructive choices when they are older. To help develop your child’s emotional skills, teaching them to smile and wave when they are babies is a good place to start. When they get a bit older, teaching them to share is very important. In a family, because there are multiple people, the family can be very helpful in developing a child’s skills with the multiple perspectives. To bring this more to foundational building blocks, while your child is very young, something very helpful for family members to do is to teach children basic emotions. When a child is feeling a certain way, naming emotions and describing them are important ways for your child to understand how they are feeling. Once this foundation is set, children can learn how to respond to their feelings and move forward. (Adapted from https://www.all4kids.org/) Question 44. Which of the following could be the best title of the passage? A. Skills and the Relation with Child Development B. The Most Essential Skills in Child Development C. Teaching Skills: When is the Best Time? D. Family’s Roles in Child's Skill Development Question 45. The word “reinforce” in paragraph 2 could be best replaced by A. strengthen B. harbor C. subside D. damage Question 46. The story of Genie mentioned in paragraph 3 proves that _______. A. communication with others may help children develop their language skills. B. public did not know anything about the evil that happened to the poor girl. C. a teenager is unable to learn language skills as naturally as a child. D. children may not grow up without having human contact daily. Question 47. The phrase “highs and lows” in paragraph 4 most probably means _______ A. joys and sorrows B. happiness and sadness C. love and hatred D. successes and failures Question 48. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A. Parents have the greater influence on their child’s motor skills than others do. B. Children have to make great efforts to learn the skills considered spontaneous to adults. C. Emotion is the most indispensable skill for a child to become mature. D. Children should be taught how to express their emotions when they are babies. Question 49. The word “they” in the last paragraph refers to _______. A. emotions B. your children C. ways D. family members Question 50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. Children may become depraved if their parents cannot be a good model. B. Children probably develop their skills completely in an extended family. C. The situation of Genie is not popular in the modern society. D. A child will be more independent if he knows how to respect others’ emotions. The end

ĐỀ SỐ 4 Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. B. works C. laughs D. sends Question 1: A. types Question 2: A. breath B. threaten C. great D. health Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. Question 3: A. purpose B. repeat C. prepare D. police Question 4: A. ability B. scientific C. experience D. material Mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 5: You have a book about dinosaurs, _______? A. do you B. don't you C. have you D. haven’t you Question 6: _______ that he'd seen the film before, he turned off the television and went to bed. A. Realizing B. Having realized C. To realize D. Being realized Question 7: My father used to live in _______. A. a small lovely old village B. an old small lovely village C. a lovely small old village D. a lovely old village small Question 8: While her brother was studying in London, Sarah _______ to him twice a week. A. write B. had written C. has written D. wrote Question 9: The strict punishments have already been passed _______ more and more people are breaking the traffic rules, which causes serious problems. A. although B. because C. in spite of D. because of Question 10: _______, he takes the children for a walk to a nearby playground. A. As soon as he finishes dinner B. After he had finished dinner C. When he finished dinner D. Until he has finished dinner Question 11: You have to be tough to be successful _______ politics. A. in B. by C. on D. of Question 12: There is no doubt that a language which _______ throughout the world will do much to bring countries closer to each other. A. commonly using B. is commonly used C. was commonly used D. commonly used Question 13: She suffered from severe body _______ after a car accident. A. injure B. injuries C. injured D. injurious Question 14: Many companies and private schools were _______ due to the seriously financial problems. A. wiped out B. taken off C. put away D. gone over Question 15: I think we may _______ forward to a better vision of the current situation. A. take B. have C. look D. give Question 16: Scientific _______ help us discover more parts of the world where there are special animals and plants. A. surveys B. research C. experiments D. expeditions Question 17: Thousands of people in Vietnam are under the threat of desert _______. A. increase B. expansion C. rise D. development Question 18: The man didn’t _______ an eyelid when he received the result. A. bat B. wink C. use D. close Question 19: _______ the time passes, _______ I feel! The deadline of my thesis is coming, but I have just finished half of it. A. The faster / the nervous B. The fastest / the more nervously 16

C. The faster / the more nervously D. The faster / the more nervous Mark the letter A, B,C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 20: Scientists hope this vaccine will be able to eliminate the virus. Some tests on the animals showed that most of the virus disappeared after they were injected with it. A. release B. exchange C. create D. remove Question 21: Recently the prices of pork, vegetables and some other food have fluctuated. Pork is $2 cheaper than it was last week and can be a bit more expensive next week. A. spun out of control B. changed frequently C. run fast D. gone slowly Mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 22: Before the exam, I had been told the instructions were easy, but in fact, I found them extremely complicated. A. manageable B. difficult C. demanding D. challenging Question 23: You shouldn't make a mountain out of a molehill. You just gave a wrong answer but it doesn't mean you’re not going to qualify for the second round. A. make an unimportant matter seem important B. magnify the extent of the problem C. underestimate the seriousness of the problem D. neglect the importance of the situation Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges. Question 24: Rose is having lunch in a restaurant. - Rose: “Can you bring me some water?” - Waiter:” _______.” A. No, thanks. B. Of course, you can. C. I’m afraid not. D. Certainly. Wait a minute. Question 25: Mary and Mike are talking about French. - Mary: “Can you speak French?” - Mike: “ _______ “ A. No, I’m not. B. Only a little. C. Yes, very much. D. No, thanks. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. Technology will allow homes in the future to be “smart”. Appliances will communicate with each other and with you. Your stove, for instance, will tell you (26) _______ your food is cooked and ready to eat. The technology is possible because tiny information-storing devices called RFID1 chips. People already use them to keep (27) _______ of pets and farm animals. Future RFID chips will store information about (28) _______ the items in your cabinets. For example, they will record the date that you bought each item. Other devices will “read” this information using radio waves. When you need more food, your cabinets will tell you to buy it. In a smart home, you won’t have to repaint the walls. The walls will (29) _______ be digital screens, like computer or TV screens. The technology is called OLED and it's here already. A computer network will link these walls with everything else in your house. Called “ambient intelligence,” this computer “brain” will control your entire house. It will (30) _______ adapt to your preferences. Your house will learn about your likes and dislikes. It will then use that knowledge to control the environment. (Adapted from Complete Advanced) Question 26: A. that B. how C. who D. when Question 27: A. track B. control C. pace D. contact 17

Question 28: A. all B. every C. any D. each Question 29: A. definitely B. really C. actually D. completely Question 30: A. therefore B. also C. still D. instead Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35. We are in the middle of a worldwide change in cultures - a transformation of entertainment, business and politics. Popular culture has crossed borders in ways we have never seen before. According to social scientists, our world is shrinking. In Japan, people have become fanatics of flamenco and there are hundreds of dance schools around the country. In the last few years, dozens of top Spanish flamenco artists have given performances there. It’s a huge and growing market. Meanwhile, in Denmark people have discovered a new interest in Italian food, and pasta imports have grown fivefold over the last decade. And the classic American blonde Barbie doll now comes in about 30 national varieties, including new additions this year of Austrian and Moroccan. How do people feel about globalisation? It depends to a large extent on where they live and how much money they’ve got. However, globalisation, as one report has stated, ‘is a reality, not a choice’. Humans have always developed commercial and cultural connections, but these days computers, the Internet, mobile phones, cable TV and cheaper air transport have accelerated and complicated these connections. Nevertheless, the basic dynamic is the same: Goods move. People move. Ideas move. And cultures change. The difference now is the speed and extent of these changes. Television had 50 million users after thirteen years; the Internet had the same number after only five years. But now that more than one fifth of all the people in the world speak at least some English, critics of globalisation say that we are one big ‘McWorld’. (Adapted from Life by National Geographic) Question 31: Which best serves as the title of the passage? A. Changes in culture B. A world together C. What makes the world change D. Worldwide movement Question 32: The word “shrinking” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______? A. becoming big B. getting new C. becoming small D. changing. Question 33: Which is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as an example of that the world is shrinking. A. English language in Asia B. Italian food in Denmark C. Flamenco dance in Japan D. American Barbie doll in Morocco Question 34: According to paragraph 2, globalization is fast because of _______? A. Computers and internet B. Mobile phones C. Cable TVs D. Mass media and cheap air transport Question 35: The phrase “the same number” in paragraph 2 refers to _______? A. 30 years B. 50 millions C. 5 years D. one fifth of people in the world Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 43. Study of the origins and distribution of human populations used to be based on archaeological and fossil evidence. A number of techniques developed since the 1950s, however, have placed the study of these subjects on a sounder and more objective footing. The best information on early population movements is now being obtained from the “archaeology of the living body”, the clues to be found in genetic material. Recent work on the problem of when people first entered the Americas is an example of the value of these new techniques. North-east Asia and Siberia have long been accepted as the launching ground for the first human colonisers of the New World. But was there one major wave of migration across the Bering Strait into the Americas, or several? And when did this event, or events, take place? In recent years, new clues have come from research into genetics, including the distribution of genetic markers in modern Native Americans.

An important project, led by the biological anthropologist Robert Williams, focused on the variants (called GM allotypes) of one particular protein - immunoglobin G - found in the fluid portion of human blood. All proteins “drift”, or produce variants, over the generations, and members of an interbreeding human population will share a set of such variants. Thus, by comparing the GM allotypes of two different populations (e.g. two Indian tribes), one can establish their genetic “distance”, which itself can be calibrated to give an indication of the length of time since these populations last interbred. Williams and his colleagues sampled the blood of over 5,000 American Indians in western North America during a twenty-year period. They found that their GM allotypes could be divided into two groups, one of which also corresponded to the genetic typing of Central and South American Indians. Other tests showed that the Eskimo and Aleut formed a third group. From this evidence it was deduced that there had been three major waves of migration across the Bering Strait. The first, Paleo Indian, was more than 15,000 years ago was ancestral to all Central and South American Indians. The second wave, about 14,000-12,000 years ago, brought Na-Dene hunters, ancestors of the Navajo and Apache who migrated south from Canada about 600 to 7000 years ago. The third wave, perhaps 10,000 or 9,000 years ago, saw the migration from North-east Asia of groups ancestral to the modern Eskimo and Aleut. (Adapted from IELTS by Cambridge) Question 36: Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage? A. When the migration in America happened. B. The relationship between population movements and genetics. C. Distribution of human population in America. D. The evidences of genetics in America. Question 37: Where did scientists find out the information on early population movements? A. From human distribution B. From archeological documents of living creatures. C. From fossil evidence D. From genetic material of the living body Question 38: According to Robert Williams, Gm allotypes of immunoglobin G in human blood show one person belongs to an interbreeding human population _______? A. Because of a similar set of variants. B. Because the protein, immunoglobin G, produces variants. C. When a population establishes genetic distance. D. When the populations interbred. Question 39: The word “indication” paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______? A. discussion B. statement C. suggestion D. idea Question 40: When did Robert William start to do research on blood samples of American Indians? A. 9,000 years ago B. 600 years ago C. 5,000 years ago D. 20 years ago Question 41: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 4? A. Williams had another research in Arizona. B. Williams found out major waves of immigration. C. Williams showed the milestones of each wave. D. Williams studied the ancestors of Eskimo and Aleut. Question 42: The word “their” paragraph 4 refers to _______? A. William and his colleagues B. American Indians C. Blood samples D. Two populations Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. Question 43: The number of people suffering from the drought had been increasing rapidly. A B C D 19

Question 44: We were all really tired out after our long journey, so we asked the A B C landlord to put him up for the night. D Question 45: He was an industrial worker when he worked in the factory. A B C D Mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. Question 46: The last time I heard from Jane was 3 years ago. A. I didn’t hear anything from Jane 3 years ago. B. It's 3 years since I last heard from Jane. C. I haven’t heard anything from Jane for 3 year. D. I started hearing from Jane was 3 years ago. Question 47: “Remember to wake me up at 6 a.m tomorrow” she said to me. A. She told me to remember to wake her up at 6 a.m tomorrow. B. She reminded me to wake her up at 6 a.m the next day. C. She reminded me to remember to wake her up at 6 a.m the next day. D. She told me to wake her up at 6 a.m the following day. Question 48: It isn’t necessary for you to finish the project today. A. You can't finish the project today. B. You may not finish the project today. C. You had better not finish the project today. D. You don’t need to finish the project today. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. Question 49: I arrived home. After that I prepared dinner for my family. A. No sooner had I prepared dinner for my family than I arrived home. B. Only after I had arrived home did I prepare dinner for my family. C. Had I arrived home, I would have prepared dinner for my family. D. Not until I arrived home did I prepare dinner for my family. Question 50: I couldn’t understand the exercise. I didn’t go to school yesterday. A. If only I had understood the exercise, I would have gone to school yesterday. B. I wish I had gone to school yesterday so that I could understand the exercise C. Had I gone to school yesterday, I couldn’t have understood the exercise. D. As long as I couldn’t understand the exercise, I would go to school yesterday. The end,

ĐỀ SỐ 5 Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions. B. phoned C. showed D. finished Question 1: A. called Question 2: A. campus B. accident C. disapprove D. salmon Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions. Question 3: A. regret B. damage C. faster D. study Question 4: A. difficult B. geology C. confident D. natural Mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. Question 5: Someone knocked at the door, _______? A. did it B. did they C. didn’t it D. didn’t they Question 6: The house _______ by the fire before the fire brigade arrived. A. destroyed B. had been destroyed C. was destroyed D. have been destroyed Question 7: The class is comprised mainly _______ Italian and French students. A. in B. on C. of D. at Question 8: The higher we climbed, _______ it was to breathe. A. more difficult B. the most difficult C. the more difficult D. most difficult Question 9: Mr Brown found a/an _______ box full of old photos. A. old brown wooden B. brown old wooden C. old wooden brown D. brown wooden old Question 10: I don't know what has happened to him. He _______ badly since he came home. A. behaved B. behaves C. has behaved D. is behaving Question 11: _______ repeated assurance that the product is safe, many people have stopped buying it. A. Despite B. Because C. Although D. Though Question 12: It won't be safe to use these stairs _______. A. before they repair them. B. after they will repair them. C. when they repaired them D. until they have repaired them. Question 13: _______ the report on the students’ result, she shut down the computer and went home. A. To have finished B. To finish C. Being finished D. Having finished Question 14: She sent me a _______ letter thanking me for my invitation. A. impoliteness B. politeness C. politely D. polite Question 15: We arrived a few minutes before the plane _______. A. took on B. took up C. took off D. took out Question 16: When the pregnant woman got on the bus, one of the young man stood up and _______ room for her. A. made B. put C. got D. did Question 17: In many countries now there is still no gender equality and women never have the same _______ as men. A. state B. status C. role D. position Question 18: Our company is bending over _______ to satisfy our customers. A. backwards B. forwards C. downwards D. upwards Question 19: Many patients think optimistically. They are never in the _______ of death. A. dread B. fear C. panic D. terror

Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 20: With so many writing projects to work on, the editor decided to outsource some of the easier tasks to other freelancers. A. oblige B. assign C. exchange D. resign Question 21: Moving to a new country at a young age gave me a chance to spread my wings. A. become accustomed to doing new things B. become nervous and avoid trying new things C. become independent and try new things D. become incapable of doing new things Mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 22: The teacher tried to forbid the students from using their cell phones in their exams, but it turned out that they didn't listen to her. A. restrain B. prohibit C. permit D. imply Question 23: She is wearing a lot of layers today because it’s freezing outside. A. chilly B. flammable C. glacial D. scorching Mark the letter A, B,C or D to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following exchanges. Question 24: Lam is in the post office. - Post office staff: “How can I help you?” - Lam: “ _______.” A. I’d like two stamps, please. B. No, I don’t want to. C. Yes, I’d love to. D. Ok. You are very kind. Question 25: Peter and Carla are talking to each other. - Peter: “Would you like to go to the cinema this Saturday afternoon?” - Mike: “_______” A. No, I wouldn’t. B. Yes, I would C. It’s a pity. I am busy. D. No, I don't like it. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30. Why is the South Pole colder than the North Pole? Both polar regions of the earth are cold, primarily (26) _______ they receive far less solar radiation than the tropics and mid-latitudes do. At either pole the sun never rises more than 23.5 degrees above the horizon and both locations experience six months of continuous darkness. Moreover, most of the sunlight (27) _______ does shine on the polar regions is reflected by the bright white surface. What makes the South Pole so (28) _______ colder than the North Pole is that it sits on top of a very thick ice sheet, which itself sits on a continent. The (29) _______ of the ice sheet at the South Pole is more than 9,000 feet in elevation - more than a mile and a half above sea level. Antarctica is by far the highest continent on the earth. In (30) _______ , the North Pole rests in the middle of the Arctic Ocean, where the surface of floating ice rides only on foot or so above the surrounding sea. The Arctic Ocean also acts as an effective heat reservoir, warming the cold atmosphere in the winter and drawing heat from the atmosphere in the summer. (Adapted from Essential Reading for IELTS) Question 26: A. but B. despite C. because D. because of Question 27: A. that B. whose C. when D. where Question 28: A. many B. much C. some D. a lot of Question 29: A. face B. top C. surface D. reef Question 30: A. contrast B. conclusion C. addition D. comparison Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35. 22

It is hard to argue that the actual contribution to development amounts to a great deal directly. Whilst volunteer tourists can get involved in building homes or schools, they have usually paid a significant fee for the opportunity to be involved in this work: money that, if donated to a local community directly, could potentially pay for a greater amount of labor than the individual volunteer could ever hope to provide. This is especially so in the case of gap years, in which the level of technical skill or professional experience required of volunteers is negligible. Hence, it is unsurprising that many academic studies allude to the moral issue of whether gap year volunteering is principally motivated by altruism - a desire to benefit the society visited - or whether young people aim to generate “cultural capital” which benefits them in their careers. However, the projects may play a role in developing people who will, in the course of their careers and lives, act ethically in favor of those less well-off. Volunteering may lead to greater international understanding; enhanced ability to solve conflicts; widespread and democratic participation in global affairs through global civic society organizations; and growth of international social networks among ordinary people. In this scenario, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts, an outcome where benefits accrue to volunteers and host communities, and contribute to the global greater good. However, if volunteering is largely limited to individuals of means from wealthier areas of the world, it may give these privileged volunteers an international perspective, and a career boost, but it will do little for people and communities who currently lack access to international voluntary work. Those who volunteer will continue to reap its benefits, using host organizations and host communities as a rung on the ladder of personal advancement. (Adapted from Compact Advanced) Question 31: Which best serves as the title of the passage? A. Voluntary work B. Volunteer tourism C. Volunteer issues D. Voluntary potential Question 32: What is money paid by tourists probably used to do? A. build homes and schools B. pay for the volunteer C. to pay for the labor D. do the charity Question 33: The word “negligible” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______? A. important B. significant C. vast D. unimportant Question 34: Which of the following is NOT the benefit volunteer tourism bring about? A. Greater international understanding B. Enhanced ability to solve conflicts C. Reduction violence affairs D. Growth of international social networks among ordinary people Question 35: The phrase “a rung on the ladder” in paragraph 2 refers to _______? A. a stage B. a match C. a play D. an advantage Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 42. Being bullied in school is not “part of growing up” or just a “rite of passage.” Some children who endure bullying never get over the fear and the humiliation, according to Mr. Barone. By working together, schools and parents can make going to school an experience that students will enjoy, not dread. Students who are the victims of bullies and school officials who hold the power to stop them have very different perceptions of the problem. This difference has hindered effective prevention efforts. Bullying is a situation when a student or group of students is mean to you over a long period of time (weeks or even months). Bullying can either be physical (hitting, kicking, and so on) or it can be verbal (threats, name calling, gossiping, or ignoring). Using this definition, the school staff member were asked to estimate the percentage of the students in their schools who had been victimized by bullying. On average, the staff member believed that 16% of the students had been victims of bullies. The students in the same schools were asked whether they had ever been bothered by a bully or bullies 23

while you were in middle school. And 58.8 % of the students surveyed said that they had. The size of the difference in perceptions between students and school staff members suggests that the staff members do not recognize the extent of the bullying that students face. Bullying just does not seem to be “that big a problem” to the staff. The same survey uncovered some interesting facts. Contrary to what many of us believe, bullying in school does not primarily involve boys. Popular portrayals, such as The Lord of the Flies and the Lords of Discipline, which depict only boys as both the bullies and the victims, do not reflect reality. As shown in this study, only 47% of the victims of bullying in middle school are boys. Thus, according to the students’ own perceptions, the majority (53%) of the victims of bullies are girls. Not surprisingly, the bullying that takes place among boys tends to be more physical (punching, kicking, pushing, and so on) than that which takes place among girls (which is usually more verbal in nature). Among the students who said that the bullying they had experienced was mostly physical, 89.3% were boys. Among those students who said that the bullying they experienced was mostly verbal, 67.1% were girls) Among all students surveyed, 10% indicated that they had been physically injured by a bullying in school. Furthermore, the nature of the injuries ranged from minor bumps and bruises to some injuries that required hospitalization. Of those students who said they had been injured by a bully, 76.5% were boys. (Adapted from Reading Academic English) Question 36: Which of the following best serves as the title of the passage? A. A study of gender differences in schools B. A study of bullying in schools C. A study of bullying consequences D. A study of how victims are bullied in school Question 37: The phrase “rite of passage” is closest in meaning to _______? A. Important occasion B. Important part C. Important message D. Important period Question 38: According to paragraph 2, who can prevent the state of bullying in schools? A. Students B. School staffs C. Parents D. School officials Question 39: The word “estimate” paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______? A. count B. number C. calculate D. understand Question 40: The word “that” in paragraph 3 refers to _______? A. the study B. the bullying C. the victim D. the middle school Question 41: Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? A. Only boys are bullied in school. B. The number of the girls who are bullied is bigger than that of the boys. C. The boys are often punched, pushed and kicked. D. More girls experienced verbal bullying than boys. Question 42: What can be the writer’s purpose in the passage? A. To warn schools members of serious bullying in schools. B. To show the real state of bullying in schools C. To predict that bullying is more and more developing in schools. D. To advise school members to pay attention to the bullying in schools. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions. Question 43: They already filled over 6 bags with rubbish from the beach up to now. A B C D Question 44: Others say that we must limit population growth because their resources are limited. A B C D Question 45: In the study, temperature was a variableness which needed measuring by a special tool. 24

A B C D Mark the letter A, B, Cor D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the following questions. Question 46: The last time I watched TV was two weeks ago. A. I didn’t watch TV for two weeks. B. I haven’t watched TV for two weeks. C. I hadn’t watched TV for two weeks. D. I have watched TV for two weeks. Question 47: “Did you go to the library yesterday?” she said to me. A. She asked me if you go to the library yesterday. B. She asked me if you went to the library yesterday. C. She asked me if I had been to the library yesterday. D. She asked me if I had been to the library the day before. Question 48: It is important to be hard working in any circumstances. A. You should work hard in any circumstances. B. You may work hard in any circumstances. C. You must work hard in any circumstances. D. You need to work hard in any circumstances. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions. Question 49: A few ill people didn’t isolate on their own. People around them were affected. A. If only a few ill people isolated on their own, people around them would not be affected. B. Suppose that a few ill people were isolated on their own, people around them would be affected. C. If a few ill people had isolated on their own, people around them would not be affected. D. If a few ill people had isolated on their own, people around them wouldn’t have been affected. Question 50: They didn’t stop arguing about the exercise. Then, the teacher explained it. A. Not until did the teacher explain the exercise they stopped arguing about it. B. Only after the teacher explained the exercise, they stopped arguing about it. C. Not until the teacher explained the exercise did they stop arguing about it. D. Only until the teacher explained the exercise, they stopped arguing about it. The end