Gestures: Why Lafayette’s Approach To Liberty & Equality Thrives in a
Diverse World
CLASS #1: Background: Who, why, Lafayette? The Elite.
CLASS #2
Lafayette as Litmus Test: How the Audience of Africans & Those of African Heritage (Enslaved & Free)
Experienced thePpromise of Equality in September of 1824.
CLASS #3: Indigenous people. White Working Class.
CLASS #4: After Death a Universal Icon
American & French Revolution’s Values of Equality & Liberty
“Sub”
Revolutions:
Race, Gender, Income, Faith Meet Named, Local Persons
all
“” Truth All means
Lewis Hayden intimate GESTURES BIG moves
February 5, 1783: “Let us unite in purchasing a small estate…”
February 6, 1786: “I have purchased a plantation in Cayenne and am going to free my Negroes…”
“James gave essential service… 1784 …intelligence from the enemy”
NO LIGHT VERSION
OF ENSLAVEMENT LOCALLY
Oblong Meeting House
Built 1763 at Quaker Hill, Pawling
1766 - Banning of slave ownership
1769: Nathan Birdsall, Sr. & Nathan Birdsall, Jr. charged
“She took with her an infant female nine months old, named Diana…”
POOLEY Sophia
September 21, 1775
“Bill of Sale”
Francis Brett to George & Theodorus Brett: “Pomp” “Moly”
“Suffya”
“Tom” (young boy)
“…boy named Tom as also all of my horses, cattle, sheep, hogs and household furniture…”
Phillis Antony
January 8, 1814 testimony on “ownership”
Born a slave of Thomas Langdon of Fishkill
Joseph Wood, Fishkill
Left Wood, believing to have been freed Apprehended & sold to Robert Williams, of Red Hook
Caldwalder D Colden of Poughkeepsie
Ebenezer Babcock of Poughkeepsie (10 years)
Robert Dubois, Clinton freed her (7 years)
UNDER GROUND RAILROADS
LAVADA NAHONE
UGRR
MARYLAND
1830
Mr. Richard Dorsey of Baltimore, Maryland Arrives Kinderhook
Calls out John Russell
Employed by General Whiting
Russell had escaped in 1828 Dorsey handcuffed Russell having Brough handcuffs Returned to Maryland
1840 census enslaved 18 persons
WHITE REFUGE
FREEDOMSEEKERS DIFFERENT KIND
She left her husband for ill treatment in New York…
KIDNAPPING RISK
REVERSE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
SAME ROOF
WHERE THEY LIVED
Under the Same Roof ENSLAVED
Graham Brush House
COMMUNITIES
FREE BLACK COMMUNITIES
Dr. A. J. WILLIAMS-MEYERS
Image courtesy TMI, Medium
Free Africans with their landholdings in rural areas … carved out that social space for themselves and family… They created caring, nurturing, and religious communities up and down the Hudson Valley...many of them were mixed communities of African, European, and Native American descent. Because they were caring communities, free of racial strife, interracial couples were attracted to them. In the Hudson Valley [there were] such communities [as] Freemanville and Baxtertown in southern Dutchess County… They were steadfast in weakening the molding of a materially dispossessed and dependent African by nurturing a materially affluent African.”
Hyde Park: New Guinea
Rhinebeck: Oak Street
Sheffield, MA: New Guinea
Pawling: Freemanville
Fishkill: Baxtertown
Beacon: Colored M. E. Ebenezer Church
Land ownership
Black church
White church
Africa Lane, Marlborough
September 12, 1795
88 acres in south part of town of Marlborough, Ulster County, NY
Sold by: Daniel & (wife) Magdalen Lockwood of Marlborough
To: John Joseph Alexis Robert, “late of the Island of Santo Domingo”
Rudimentary Clusters
Not Land Owners
Pok: Mechanic/Liberty Streets
Pok: Boicetown
Ann Wing’s Estate
Hyde Park: Guinea Bridge
Liberty Street
1809
Court of Common Pleas defined Poughkeepsie jail or gaol or sometimes goal limits: “Liberties” or “Limits of the gaol.” Those imprisoned for debt were “put on the limits.” The posts had inscribed on them the word “Goal,” and beyond these those on the limits dare not venture under penalty.
ISOLATED FREE
Separate Home Isolated
Wappinger: Adam Verplanck
Charlotte
Hawktown
Pine Woods
Separate Home Integrated
Washington: Bolin
Washington: Brown Brothers
“QUARTERS”
WHERE THEY LIVED
Reference to Slave Quarters or Cabins
Clove Valley: Emigh
Lithgow, Everett “Plantation”
Red Hook: Almont
Stoutenburgh: “House for slaves”
Livingston
“Slave Cabins”
In Red Hook
GILSON Alexander
1824
Andrew Frazier
Andrew Frazier, Milan
Andrew Frazier
Andrew Frazier, Milan
Thomas & Jane Williams
28th US Colored Troops
b. ca. 1827 Union Vale ~ d. 1865 Virgina
Lafayette Williams
CLASS #1: Background: Who, why, Lafayette?
CLASS #2
Lafayette as Litmus Test: How the Audience of Africans & Those of African Heritage (Enslaved & Free) Experienced the Promise of Equality in September of 1824.
CLASS #3: Indigenous people. White Working Class.
CLASS #4: After Death a Universal Icon