Diplomacy&Commerce Montenegro - No.6. - September-October 2024
MLADEN ŠUŠKAVČEVIĆ President of the Police Administration Union
Bojana Čelebić, fashion designer
WHERE MYTHS COME TO LIFE
S t y l i s h R o o m s & S u i t e s
B e a c h F r o n t V i l l a s
I n f i n i t y P o o l D i n i n g O p t i o n s
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Dear readers, Welcome to the sixth edition of “Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro” magazine! This issue holds special significance as we celebrate the first anniversary of our presence in Montenegro’s media landscape. Over the past year, the Magazine has become a key reference point for discussions on diplomacy, economics, and social issues, and we proudly present this anniversary edition, filled with timely content and fresh perspectives.
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A great deal of credit for the overall success of “Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro” magazine goes to our publisher, “Draf Media”. Despite numerous challenges, Draf Media has provided strategic support, creativity, and dedication to quality, which has been the driving force behind the magazine’s evolution into an essential guide to the most important events and trends in Montenegro.
In this issue, we have carefully selected topics and interviewees that will capture your attention! Through the articles and interviews before you, we analyze complex processes, examine them from different angles, and draw conclusions that serve as a guide for decision-makers, the business community, and the general public. Our Magazine is a platform where diplomatic perspectives, economic indicators, and social phenomena converge, with the goal of sparking discussions, encouraging reflection, and contributing to a broader understanding of the context that shapes everyday life.
and understanding the dynamic relationship between international and domestic topics that shape Montenegro’s future.
Finally, this anniversary edition symbolizes the growth and progress of our Magazine, but also confirms that we are on the right path! Our ambition is just gaining momentum, and the goal of “Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro” magazine remains the same – to be a voice that connects, informs, and inspires!.
With each edition, “Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro” magazine will continue to be a reliable source of information and a catalyst for dialogue, analyzing contemporary challenges and uncovering new opportunities for development and cooperation. For that, we owe great thanks to all past and future interviewees, who have contributed and will continue to contribute immensely to our mission. Firmly committed to objective journalism, we are steadfast in our vision of remaining an important partner in tracking
with H. E. Ms Bernarda Gradišnik Ambassador of the Republic of Slovenia to Montenegro
Strengthening ties for a shared future
As Montenegro continues its path toward European integration and deepens its diplomatic ties within the region, the relationship between the Republic of Slovenia and Montenegro stands as a beacon of mutual respect, cooperation, and shared values. Since taking office a year ago, H.E. Ms. Bernarda Gradišnik , Ambassador of the Republic of Slovenia to Montenegro, has worked tirelessly to further strengthen this bond, enhancing bilateral cooperation in numerous areas, from politics and economics to culture and environmental sustainability. In this interview
for our magazine, Ambassador Gradišnik shares her insights on the excellent relations between the Republic of Slovenia and Montenegro, highlighting key projects, ongoing initiatives, and the potential for future collaboration.
Ms Gradišnik, you have been the Ambassador of the Republic of Slovenia in Montenegro for a year. How do you assess the current bilateral relations between the Republic of Slovenia and Montenegro, and in which areas do you see the greatest potential for further enhancement of cooperation?
POLITICAL RELATIONS ARE EXCELLENT, WE ARE IN A WAY AS NEIGHBOURS, IN FACT, EVEN BETTER THAN IMMEDIATE NEIGHBOURS ARE, SINCE THERE ARE ALWAYS SOME OUTSTANDING ISSUES BETWEEN COUNTRIES WHO SHARE THEIR FRONTIER, BUT THERE IS NONE BETWEEN SLOVENIA AND MONTENEGRO.
Political relations are excellent, we are in a way as neighbours, in fact, even better than immediate neighbours are, since there are always some outstanding issues between countries who share their frontier, but there is none between Slovenia and Montenegro. In addition, I have to say, our relations are quite active. This is evidenced by the many visits in both directions. Not only at the highest state level. There are many contacts in various fields. Slovenian institutions, experts, artists, businesspersons cooperate with Montenegrin counterparts almost on a daily basis.
Of course, we pay special attention to economic cooperation. As regards trade in goods, there are still many opportunities on offer. In the energy sector, I see opportunities in renewable energies. There is also the food industry, tourism, there is a great interest on your part in rural tourism, where there is a great potential, and there is also the area of digitalisation. Slovenian investors have been present and active in Montenegro for many years now. I'm confident that there would be even more of them if the business and investment environment in Montenegro would be more predictable. In this regard, I would also like to emphasize the importance of the effective and functional rule of law.
I would like to see a strengthening of cooperation in the cultural field also.
The space above our heads is very interesting and increasingly important. I have read that Montenegro is planning to launch its own satellite into orbit by the end of the year, and Slovenia's achievements in this area are excellent. Our embassy have already connected Slovenian and Montenegrin space sector, now it's up to them to continue the cooperation.
What are the key initiatives and projects that the Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia is currently implementing in Montenegro and which contribute to strengthening the economic and cultural ties between our countries?
The main task of the Embassy is to protect the national interests, the rights and interests of Slovenian citizens, as well as of the Slovenian economy. The Embassy also helps Slovenian companies, for example, when they want to introduce practices that will become mandatory with Montenegro's EU membership.
The main economic project the Embassy is currently working on is the promotion of Slovenian products. In the year since I have been here, I have noticed that there are not so many Slovenian products available on the shelves of shops, but from talking to people, it is clear that Slovenian products are very appreciated and that people would like to see more of them. So we are collaborating with Voli to give people the opportunity in
BERNARDA GRADIŠNIK
H.E. Ambassador of the Republic of Slovenia to Montenegro
SLOVENIAN INVESTORS HAVE BEEN PRESENT AND ACTIVE IN MONTENEGRO FOR MANY YEARS NOW. I'M CONFIDENT THAT THERE WOULD BE EVEN MORE OF THEM IF THE BUSINESS AND INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT IN MONTENEGRO WOULD BE MORE PREDICTABLE.
December to get to know Slovenian products that are not yet on the Montenegrin market.
As every year, we will participate in the charity diplomatic bazaar with Slovenian products. In November Gregor Vračko, a Slovenian chef from the restaurant with Michelin star will be presenting his cuisine in hotel Cattaro in Kotor.
One important project is also funded by our development aid. A kindergarten in the centre of Podgorica will be greened, cycle tracks will be built, NLB will facilitate the purchase of bicycles, and ecological playsets will also be installed. We are implementing this project in cooperation with our local partners in Podgorica.
In the field of culture, I would like to mention the Laibach exhibition, in which we work together with the Museum of Contemporary. The exhibition will take place in Podgorica from November to January next year.
What is the Republic of Slovenia’s position on the European integration process of the Western Balkans, and how do you see Montenegro’s role in that process?
As you know, Slovenia is a strong supporter of the integration of the Western Balkan countries, including Montenegro, into the EU. We would like this to happen as soon as possible.
The portfolio given to us by the European Commission after this year's elections has confirmed this.
Of course, each candidate country has to do its "homework". With concrete results, our job is or will be easier. We are all well aware that Montenegro is a leader in European integration and can always count on Slovenia's help and support along the way. I can say with certainty that this will continue to be the case.
I believe that there is a real chance that you will become the 28th EU Member State in 2028. If Montenegro continues in this direction and with this enthusiasm, I see no danger of a setback.
You have received the famous IBAR, and this is a turning point that will change a great deal for the EU, which is aware of the geostrategic importance of Montenegro and the Western Balkans as a whole. But everyone, I say again, has to do one's part, and that goes for the EU and for Montenegro too. The new government and parliament have shown, with concrete and measurable results, how much they are aware of this, and it is clear to the government that this is only the beginning of a challenging process. IBAR opens the door to the EU for Montenegro, the country that clearly is an example of stability in the Western Balkans. Slovenia will continue to stand with Montenegro on its path to the EU. We look forward to working with you in the EU framework as well.
In your opinion, how can smaller countries like the countries of the former Yugoslavia contribute to solving global challenges, such as climate change and international security, through their diplomacy?
Every piece in the mosaic, no matter how big or small, contributes to the whole picture. Small countries can achieve things more easily when they join together in a common project, but it is actually the interest rather than their smallness that binds such countries together. Smallness does not stop us from endeavouring. And if we endeavour, we can do something. Slovenia is aware of the fact that it is not big enough to be everywhere and to reach out to everyone. But the list of things we've been doing successfully is nevertheless quite a long one, covering different fields – from participating in peacekeeping missions, develop-
WE ARE ALL WELL AWARE THAT MONTENEGRO IS A LEADER IN EUROPEAN INTEGRATION AND CAN ALWAYS COUNT ON SLOVENIA'S HELP AND SUPPORT ALONG THE WAY. I CAN SAY WITH CERTAINTY THAT THIS WILL CONTINUE TO BE THE CASE.
ment aid, protection of civilians and human rights to climate and security, water as well as food security diplomacy. By weaving a net of international partnerships and friendly relations that could cope with the new global challenges, Slovenia is helping create a globalized commonwealth where even the smallest members can participate – actively and with honour.
It is obvious that we live in time of enormous world challenges. How do you see the role of multilateral organizations, such as the United Nations and the European Union, in maintaining global stability, and what can be done to make them more effective in today’s geopolitical landscape? You have actually answered the question yourself. I think that
multilateralism is important, especially for small countries; unfortunately, it is not effective enough. What to do? UN reform has been on the agenda for years but nothing has moved forward. Geopolitics has changed, but the UN remains as it was. Slovenia, as a non-permanent member of the UNSC, for the second time, aims further to build trust among the UN members. This is what we can do even though the situation does not seem to be very promising. There looms a chance of splitting the organization into two opposing parts, the global West and the Global East (with a lot of the South included). How will this end? I do not know. We can wait and see or each of us small entities do our tiny bits in trying to save the world.
Photo:
2BS Forum 2024: Shaping Security in a Fractured World
The Atlantic Council of Montenegro (ACM), under the auspices of the Government of Montenegro, and with the support of NATO, the U.S. Embassy in Montenegro, the Konrad Adenauer Foundation, and a number of respectable partners organized the 14th 2BS Forum on October 3-4, 2024.
Under the theme World in Disorder: Turning Adversity into Opportunity, the 14th 2BS (To Be Secure) Forum brought together over 400 political leaders, diplomats, security experts, professors,
and thought leaders from more than 25 countries, to addressed some of the major issues of geopolitics, international relations, and security.
Its goal was to encourage vivid discussion regarding the most important dilemmas in the field of geopolitics and upcoming challenges and possible changes in international politics and security. This year’s forum has managed to justify, more than ever before, its high standards set during previous years and has remained the platform for political, expert,
JUDY RISING REINKE
H.E. United States Ambassador to Montenegro
LIEUTENANT GENERAL
ANDREW M. ROHLING Deputy Chairman of the NATO Military Committee
MILICA PEJANOVIĆ-ĐURIŠIĆ Chairwoman of the Atlantic Council of Montenegro
critical, and constructive discussions. Once again, the 2BS Forum succeeded in ACM’s effort to fulfill one of the main goals – to encourage significant discussions with key security and foreign policy figures who provided a wide range of opinions on the most important issues in the field of national, regional and international security and other crucial topics for Europe and the world at large.
The 2BS Forum speakers addressed some of the most pressing issues of national, regional and global security challenges across the following main topics:
Fractured World: Battleground Echoes explored the ongoing crises in Ukraine, Gaza, and rising tensions in the Indo-Pacific. Focusing on confronting the resurgence of terrorism, disinformation, and foreign interference in an evolving global security landscape.
Balkan World: Building Future and Security Posture Amid Geopolitical Challenges discussed the Western Balkans' struggle with Russian and Chinese influence, political polarization, and democratic crises. Limited progress in EU integration, with the region's stability
remaining precarious due to anti-Western sentiment and unresolved issues.
Allied World: Guiding Strategic Resilience in the Face of Uncertainties highlighted NATO's critical role in maintaining unity amid growing threats. With NATO's 75th anniversary coinciding with significant global security challenges, the forum emphasized the need to reassess defense strategies to ensure long-term resilience.
U.S. World: Europe's Strategy Redux in a Post-Election Landscape? reflected on potential shifts in U.S. strategic priorities post-election, concerns about burden-shifting and the future alignment between U.S. and European security policies.
By bringing together diverse perspectives and expertise, the 2BS Forum reaffirmed the importance of international cooperation and strategic thinking in navigating the complex challenges of our increasingly fractured world. As geopolitical tensions continue to evolve, events like the 2BS Forum play a crucial role in fostering understanding, collaboration, and innovative approaches to global security challenges.
MIROSLAV LAJČÁK
EU Special Representative for the Belgrade-Pristina Dialogue and other Western Balkan regional issues
Photo: Atlantic Council of Montenegro
JAKOV MILATOVIĆ President of Montenegro
MILO ĐUKANOVIĆ Former President of Montenegro
CHRISTIAN SCHMIDT High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina
DRAGAN KRAPOVIĆ Minister of Defence of Montenegro
IV THE WORLD CONGRESS OF ENTREPRENEURS – Montenegro 2024
Montenegro is the host of the Fourth World Congress of Entrepreneurs. Following a visit by a delegation of the Montenegrin Government to the World Congress of Entrepreneurs’ General Secretariat in Zagreb in March of this year, the decision was made to hold the Fourth World Congress of Entrepreneurs in Montenegro from October 16–19, 2024.
“As an honour for our nation, we wholeheartedly endorse the plan to host the World Congress of Entrepreneurs in Montenegro,” said the President of Montenegro, Jakov Milatović, expressing support for hosting the Congress alongside other institutions and associations.
Advocating research and activities, with an emphasis on the necessity of understanding and bettering the world and its interactions, was the fundamental focus of the most recent Congress, which was held in Croatia. Discussions on this crucial international issue are likely to continue in Montenegro.
Attendees of the World Congress of Entrepreneurs stressed that fostering an atmosphere that guarantees freedom of action is just as important as producing
economic value when discussing the nature of entrepreneurship. For entrepreneurs, this freedom is the key to realizing their dreams of innovation and progress.
“Recognizing the need for a stable and organized environment for the development of entrepreneurship was one of the conclusions drawn from the last Congress. Here, stability extends beyond monetary considerations and into the domains of social harmony and justice,” stated Vinko Ćuro, General Secretary of the Congress and President of the Board of the International Economic Forum PERSPECTIVE.
According to the participants, entrepreneurs should work toward social harmony by promoting equitable distribution and preserving the stability of primary relationships.
Another subject that will be covered at the Montenegro summit is entrepreneurship's role in social community issues. As stated in the congressional papers, entrepreneurs have a strong bond with the communities they serve. They are keenly aware of social concerns and are in a unique position to tackle these problems
responsibly and ethically. In this connection, we see how corporations and their communities work hand in hand, with each contributing to and improving the other.
The papers say that entrepreneurs are against prejudice in any form. All eligible individuals, regardless of age, gender, or any other distinction, should have an equal opportunity to contribute, while entrepreneurs should support diversity and inclusion.
The Dubrovnik Congress, which brought together over 200 entrepreneurs from nine nations, also emphasized the importance of entrepreneurship in promoting a free, open, and responsible society. It stressed that entrepreneurs, with their ethical practices and inventive ways, are the ones who will lead society towards development and overall improvement. Opportunities and threats coexist in today's fast-changing global landscape, making this function more crucial than ever.
The World Congress of Entrepreneurs intends to support the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals 2030. This dedication embodies a worldwide perspective in which entrepreneurialism surpasses
monetary gain to substantially aid in the alleviation of poverty, preservation of the environment, and promotion of social equality.
An action plan centred on the future was unveiled at the Dubrovnik Congress of Entrepreneurs, which highlighted entrepreneurs' unique contribution to a more equitable, sustainable, and wealthy global community. Entrepreneurs, governments, and communities must concertedly work to solve global challenges and transform the planet into more than simply a marketplace—it needs to be a better place to live for everyone.
Many Montenegrin companies, such as Crnogorski Telekom, Erste Banka, Addiko Bank, Elektroprivreda Crne Gore power company, Čelebić, Put-Gross, DataLab, Science and Technology Park of Montenegro, Municipality of Berane, Municipality of Herceg Novi, and others, will be present at the fourth World Congress of Entrepreneurs in Montenegro. The President of Montenegro and the Prime Minister of Montenegro are expected to deliver addresses to the congress attendees.
Source: World Congress Of Entrepreneurs' Public Relations
Photo:
Duško Stjepović, Member of the Parliament of Montenegro
Law and politics are inextricably linked
Our interviewee was Duško Stjepović, a member of the Parliament of Montenegro and the Chairman of the Committee for International Relations and Emigrants.
Stjepović reveals what motivated him to enter political life, how his legal education shapes his approach to politics, and how he views the development potential of the Municipality of Danilovgrad from the perspective of a former Deputy Mayor of that municipality.
He also discussed the legislative branch's role in the European integration process of Montenegro, as well as the importance of the diaspora for the econom-
OFTEN, LAW AND JUSTICE DON’T GO HAND IN HAND, BUT THROUGHOUT MY LIFE, AND IN EVERY RESPONSIBLE POSITION I’VE HELD OR CURRENTLY HOLD, I’VE TRIED TO BRING THEM AS CLOSE TOGETHER AS POSSIBLE THROUGH MY ACTIONS AT LEAST.
ic and cultural development of Montenegro.
Mr. Stjepović, what motivated you to get involved in politics? Was there any particular event or person that significantly influenced your decision to enter political life?
Although I initially decided to pursue a career in law after grad-
uating from the Faculty of Law (and completing my internship in a law firm), a sequence of events afterwards led me into politics. I must admit, it wasn't easy because politics at that time, and still today to some extent, was considered a "dirty" profession, which, with some exceptions, has often been associated with bad people.
My opinion, with a grain of salt, of the previous stereotype is that it's true to some extent – there are all kinds of people in politics, as in any profession, anyway. However, if the good always step aside for the bad, then this stereotype about politics being a "muddy" field where only similar people thrive will become a reality, and it is unlikely that it will be able to be refuted. Besides being a lawyer – and law and politics are inextricably linked – my main motivation for engaging in this form of activism was my sense of justice, which I have exhibited from an early age, and a desire for necessary social changes. I truly believed
DUŠKO STJEPOVIĆ Member of the Parliament of Montenegro
that Montenegro and its citizens did not deserve the same unchanged government for three full decades.
You graduated from the Faculty of Law at the University of Montenegro and completed a twoyear internship at a law office. Do you believe that your legal education and experience as a lawyer help you today in shaping policies and the legislative process? How does your legal perspective influence your approach to solving political and social challenges, particularly in areas like human rights, the constitutional-legal system, and international relations?
You know, it’s incredibly hard to say where my humble self ends as a lawyer and where it begins as a politician. In fact, I tend to believe that in any proposal or initiative I approach, I do so from both sides simultaneously. Of course, my formal education and legal expertise greatly help me analyze any act I come across. Often, law and justice don’t go hand in hand, but throughout my life, and in every responsible position I’ve held or currently hold, I’ve tried to bring them as close together as possible through my actions at least. Human rights and international relations are predominantly my areas of inter-
THE PARLIAMENT OF MONTENEGRO, THROUGH THE ADOPTION OF A WHOLE SERIES OF LAWS FROM THE EU AGENDA, IS AN INDISPENSABLE
FACTOR IN MONTENEGRO’S SUCCESSFUL EUROPEAN STORY.
est, not only because these two fields represent a significant part of the International Law direction in which I specialized, but also because I believe they are key elements for achieving the goal that says: “Humanity must live in peace and justice“.
Before being elected as a member of the 28th session of the Parliament of Montenegro, you served as the Deputy Mayor of the Municipality of Danilovgrad. In that context, how do you assess the economic potential of Danilovgrad? Which industries or sectors would you highlight as crucial for further development? It's a long story – both regarding
Danilovgrad's potential and the situation we found in the Municipality as the most important administrative unit at the local level. In short, there is hardly any branch of the economy in which Danilovgrad couldn't boast rich resources, especially in tourism (particularly religious tourism, with the monasteries Ostrog and Ždrebaonik attracting over a million visitors annually) and agriculture. However, in past decades, there was a lack of ideas, something we no longer lack. There was noticeable negligence, but this has slowly and gradually started to improve. I am convinced that the current management, their love for the city and their undeniable enthusiasm for tackling accumulated challenges will achieve results that will make both us and the citizens proud.
In your opinion, what role does the legislative branch play in aligning Montenegrin laws with European standards? How can Parliament accelerate the process of European integration? Besides the Government, which has made an immeasurable contribution to our European path, especially in terms of socio-economic measures and the fight against crime and corruption, the Parliament of Montenegro, through the adoption of a whole series of laws from the EU agenda, is an indispensable factor in Montenegro’s successful Euro-
pean story. I must highlight here that a number of laws have been adopted with the consensus of both the government and the opposition, which should not surprise anyone, considering that the future of our country within the European Union is a programmatic goal of all political entities in our Parliament.
Of course, some topics and the laws addressing them are of greater interest to our European partners than others. It is precisely what our parliamentary majority insists on – in close partnership and consultation with our European friends, we must focus not only on important topics but also on what they consider priorities.
The key words here are values and standards – not just for the EU or at least not primarily for the EU, but for our country and citizens' sake.
You chair the Committee for International Relations and Emigrants in the Montenegrin Parliament. How can Montenegro better utilize the potential of its diaspora, both economically, culturally, and politically?
The diaspora is an inseparable part of Montenegro's identity, not only because of the tangible and pragmatic things our connection with expatriates brings us economically but also because of our unwavering sense that regular contact with our people abroad strengthens patriotism and the state itself. In the upcoming period, the Ministry for the Diaspora will face a not-so-difficult task of connecting us much better with our people abroad than has been the case previously. Without discrimination and without exploiting any group for cheap political purposes.
The diaspora must be a support and a window to the world for Montenegro, not for any particular political option. Additionally, we must also consider what we can do for our diaspora, not just what they can do for us. As long as I am in the position of Chairman of the Board, I will strive to ensure this.
Maja Vukićević, Minister of Transport in the Government of Montenegro
Modernization of infrastructure for better connectivity and economic development
In an interview for “Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro” magazine, Maja Vukićević, the Minister of Transport in the Government of Montenegro, discusses key infrastructure projects that are crucial for the country’s future. From the continuation of the Bar – Boljare highway construction, investments in airport modernization, and railway line upgrades, to improving the efficiency of the Port of Bar, Minister Vukićević emphasizes the importance of regional cooperation and resource optimization.
THE HIGHWAY IS A TOP-PRIORITY PROJECT FOR MONTENEGRO AND NEEDS TO BE COMPLETED. WE AIM TO SELECT THE BEST CONTRACTOR FROM THOSE WHO HAVE APPLIED AND TO START THE WORK AS SOON AS POSSIBLE.
Ms. Vukićević, regarding the tender for the construction of the second section of the Bar –Boljare highway, can you tell us which companies applied for the public call for the contractor's selection? Do Chinese construction
companies dominate again, and can the start of construction be expected next year?
The tender for constructing the second section of the Bar-Boljare highway was announced on April 24 and completed two
months later, in June. I took over the Ministry of Transport department at the end of July. I was informed that eight companies had applied for the tender, including several Chinese, Turkish, and even one from Bangladesh. Four companies qualified for the second phase of the tender, three of which are Chinese and one is Turkish. It can be said that there is great interest from Chinese companies in construction works, but as you can see, this is not only the case with Montenegro and the region but also in EU Member States. Like all the tenders we publish, this one was open to companies from all over the world. I hope that we will have more interest from different countries for various projects in the future. The highway tender was issued through Monteput and is being conducted according to the rules of the EBRD.
How do you respond to the public and analysts' assertions that the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development disapproves of the possibility of a Chinese construction company reconstructing a section of the highway in Montenegro?
The Ministry and the Government of Montenegro do not have the authority to influence who applies to compete for construction works, whether for a highway or any other project. Personally, I would love to witness more interest in Montenegro as it would provide us with a broader range of choices, but we have to deal with the current situation. The highway is a top-priority project for Montenegro and needs to be completed. We aim to select the best contractor from those who have applied and to start the work as soon as possible. The tender process was carried out following the rules of the EBRD. It was completely open, and ev-
MAJA VUKIĆEVIĆ Minister of Transport in the Government of Montenegro
REGIONAL COOPERATION IS ESSENTIAL TO US, AND WE STRIVE TO LEAD BY EXAMPLE. I FIRMLY BELIEVE THAT A COLLABORATIVE APPROACH AMONG REGIONAL COUNTRIES IN INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS IS THE KEY TO COMPLETING THEM AS EFFICIENTLY AS POSSIBLE.
eryone had the opportunity to apply. An example of Chinese involvement in EU countries is in neighbouring Croatia, where the Pelješac Bridge was funded by the EU but constructed by the Chinese. The Croatian government highlights this project as an achievement, featuring it in all their advertisements. According to reports, the project is worth 525 million euros, with most of the funding coming from the EU.
The government of Montenegro often faces criticism that the highway is an overly expensive infrastructure project that will not be profitable for the country in the next fifty years. How do you comment on such allegations?
The truth is that building a highway is not cheap, but it is imperative. Montenegro did not have a single kilometre of the highway, and after constructing the first phase, we have about 40 kilometres. Although this is not much, that section significantly eases the traffic between Montenegro's northern and central parts. The decision to embark on this project was criticised as it was dictated by the previous government and sparked controversy. I think that no one in Montenegro criticises the project itself because the citizens understand the needs and want to have
better infrastructure. The subject of criticism was how the project was initiated, as many issues accompanied the construction of the first phase, such as the "forgotten interchange" example.
The Prime Minister of Montenegro, Milojko Spajić, has announced that nearly 500 km of highways and expressways will be built by 2030. Do you expect support from EU funds to implement planned projects, and what benefits do you see from all of the above?
Montenegro has outdated road infrastructure, often leading to heavy traffic, especially during the summer months. The benefit we see is that the construction of expressways and highways will relieve traffic congestion and significantly improve the safety of road users, which is also a priority for us.
What are the specific terms of the proposed concession agreement for the airports in Montenegro, and how will the government ensure that the future concessionaire invests in modernisation while protecting the long-term interests of the state and domestic passengers?
The concession act is defined, and based on it, we will form an offer for interested concessionaires; we expect the situation re-
garding the Airport to be resolved quickly. We have formed a new tender commission, which is working intensively these days to have a final decision as soon as possible. Whatever the final decision, Montenegrin airports must be developed, primarily in terms of infrastructure. If we decide on a concession, the plan is to definitely retain our own company that currently exists and would function similarly to what was done at the Nikola Tesla Airport, in the form of a board that would control the investments and expenditures, because after the concession expires, the airports will return to Montenegro and we must be ready to take them over.
In your opinion, what is the best way to utilise the potential of the Port of Bar as a critical point for the import and export of goods, not only for Montenegro but also for neighbouring landlocked countries?
The Port of Bar is essential for the economy of Montenegro, and unfortunately, it is currently not operating as it could; not all potential has been utilised. There are several reasons for this, as ports in the surrounding area are often more favourable, and the road infrastructure in Montenegro has not yet been renovated. The port largely depends on the railway, and we are yet to undergo the reconstruction of the Bar – Golubovci railway section and the reconstruction of the remaining parts that have not been
completed on the Bar-Belgrade railway line. The railway reconstruction would significantly help to utilise all the potential of the Port of Bar. In the coming days, I will propose forming a coordination body for logistics through Montenegro to help the Port of Bar operate better.
How do you assess Montenegro's need for regional connectivity with neighboring countries in the context of economic development and tourism, especially in light of the EU recommendations for strengthening infrastructure and cross-border cooperation? I am fully supportive of Montenegro's collaboration with neighbouring countries. At the start of my term, I held several meetings to discuss important projects for the region. Mr. Vesić and I jointly sent a letter to the European Commission, seeking support for crucial projects, particularly the Bar - Belgrade railway reconstruction. Additionally, I met with the Minister of Infrastructure of the Republic of Albania, Ms. Belinda Balluku, to discuss the significant project of restoring railway connections between the two countries and the highway that will link Montenegro and Albania. Regional cooperation is essential to us, and we strive to lead by example. I firmly believe that a collaborative approach among regional countries in infrastructure projects is the key to completing them as efficiently as possible.
Village Dodoši, Riječka nahija
The unseen miracle
The unusual and special quality of the Dodoši, settlement in Montenegro, is representative of the peculiarity and uniqueness of the beauty of Riječka Nahija. Dodoši is an old fishing village where nature stimulates and belongs to the magical and impressive Skadar Lake, where fishing and hunting are imperative. The distinctiveness of this village is also reflected in the position of households that practically rely on each other, creating a cascading connection, as well as the unusual construction of the houses and their "conversancy" of each other. What gives Dodoši a distinct charm is the bridge and the view of the Karatuna River with a refined refraction of light and dark green colors, which creates a perfect combination of warmth and splendor of this place.
The origin of the name Dodoši is mentioned in Turkish archives, in which the river Doša is mentioned as ste original name. The Turkish called it Karatuna, which translates as black river. In addition to Doša, the texts also mention Do Doša, as the most credible evidence of the origin of the name Dodoši. The specificity of Dodoši also reflects the identification with Sveti Stefan, attracting a huge number of tourists around the world. The intoxicating silence, the authentic construction of secluded houses, the beautiful panorama of Lake Skadar are just gems in the series. Dodoši is located on a promontory at the foot of Bobija, and the Karatuna river that passes through the village is one of the 40 springs that connect Veliko blato and malo blato, as one of the significant sources of water. One of the most striking types of fishing is present in the village of Dodoši, the so-called krapnjače, small boletus made of fishing rods, representing the way of hunting and in the basic translation it means enclosure. The names of the boletus are also known, one of them being Great Britain and Lord of Lords, indicating the uniqueness of this village in the tameness of Lake Skadar.
The village of Dodoši formally belonged to Montenegro before. However, after the victory at Grahovac in 1858., during the reign of Prince Danilo I Petrović-Njegoš and the establishment of an international agreement between Montenegro and the Ottoman Em-
pire, Dodoši were integrated into the composition of the state – the Principality of Montenegro. The interesting history of the village of Dodoši at the time of the drawing of the demarcation line between Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire by the international commission in 1859/1860, when the border between Montenegro and the Ottoman Empire was marked on Lake Skadar, resulted in Dodoši then finally getting their belonging to Montenegro. The significance of the historical data of the village of Dodoši includes the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, built in the 19th century during the reign of an enviable and distinguished figure in the history of Montenegro, the founder of the church, Nikola Niko Pejović. (Source: Portal Analitika, mr Novak Adžić, 5.11.2022.)
The geographical position of the village of Dodoši includes the territorial affiliation of the Ceklin tribe in Riječka nahija and is located in the territory of the Old Royal Capital Cetinje. They came from an old Montenegrin settlement near Lake Skadar, which was repopulated after 1835. to 1840., primarily by residents of the old village of Salkovine near Žabljak on Lake Skadar, which Žabljak remained part of the Ottoman Empire for some time after that until its final liberation in 1878. In the vicinity of Dodoši, there are other pearls of Riječka Nahija: Bobija Prevlaka, Rijeka Crnojevića and Žabljak Crnojevića. According to the population census data from 2011., the number of inhabitants was 43 with 29 households. Moreover, many years ago, Dodoši had a specific boat line Žabljak-Dodoši-Rogami-Prevlaka-Rijeka, served for transport of pupils and passangers.
The fact that the famous Montenegrin film director Živko Nikolić filmed the scenes of his film "The Unseen Miracle", with the main actress Savina Geršak, also shows how the beauty of the village of Dodoši has never left anyone indifferent. Dodoši is located at the end of the old country road and after 25 km from Podgorica, history records that it was inhabited only after the displacement of the village of Salkovina, a place that was considered a Uskok village and was located on the edge of Ceklinsko polje. It will be recorded that in the first seven houses
of the village of Dodoši there were two houses of Ražnatović, and Vukotić, Gazivoda, Jovićević, Mihaljević, and a little later the families that today make up the households of this village, Bušković, Dajković, Pejović, Kraljević, Strugar, Kostić, Kažić, Pajović, Marković, Lopičić and Šofranac.
Dodoši is truly an unprecedented miracle with a huge number of enthusiastic visitors every year, and they represent a rare oasis of peace, which is not easy to find. It is believed that the Dodoši are by far the most beautiful natural phenomenon and sight, exuding the unique richness of the natural beauties of Montenegro and its magnificent emphasis.
Photo: Rale Pavićević; Lokalni Hodači; Private archive
Bojana Otašević, entrepreneur
Mille Baci – the art of Montenegrin taste
Bojana Otašević, a successful Montenegrin entrepreneur and founder of the “Mille Baci” brand, is an inspiring example of a woman who successfully turned from a diplomatic career in Rome to building one of the most recognisable brands in Montenegro. After her education at the reputable University Sapienza and a stint at the Montenegrin embassy in Rome, Bojana returned to her roots and delved into the family business of crafting exquisite ice cream and chocolates. In an in-
terview with Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro, she recounts her transition from diplomacy to entrepreneurship, the hurdles of a small market, and how “Mille Baci” artfully blends Italian culinary traditions with Montenegrin flavours, captivating both local and international consumers.
Bojana, you graduated from the Faculty of Political Sciences in Rome. Then, you got a job at the Montenegrin Embassy in that city. You also worked as an assistant at
BOJANA OTAŠEVIĆ Entrepreneur
this faculty. What made you turn from diplomacy to the world of entrepreneurship?
Rome, a city of timeless beauty, unparalleled charm and my eternal inspiration... In 2000, I stepped from my hometown of Kotor to that eternal city as a child. In addition to my higher education at the prestigious Sapienza University (where I pursued undergraduate, master’s and doctoral studies in political science), I grew up in Rome and owe a lot to that city. The cultural diversity of Italy is a living testimony of countless civilisations that left an indescribable mark. Its traditions are more than mere rituals – they are living expressions of people very proud of their heritage, which they shape into their future while cherishing the past. Cultural diversity reflects history and a colourful canvas that makes you explore a genuinely enchanting nation. Surrounded by such an environment, day by day, I recognised a growing love
of the vibrant array of flavours and colours in an Italian ice cream shop window served as the perfect catalyst to breathe life into an already-existing dream.
Today, your brand “Mille Baci” is offered in many high-end Montenegrin hotels and tourist complexes. Considering market specifics, what were your biggest challenges in the product starting and development phases?
Being a woman in Montenegro who starts her own business is a challenge in itself, although the quality of female entrepreneurship has improved significantly. Some of the biggest challenges I faced were identifying the target market and raising the local population’s awareness of consuming domestic products. Montenegro is a small market, so it was a serious challenge to analyse the competition and position the product first, finding a balance between price formation, distribution channels,
WE COMBINED ITALIAN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY WITH TOP-QUALITY DOMESTIC RAW MATERIALS. THIS CREATED THE BRAND “MILLE BACI”, OR "A THOUSAND KISSES", THE FIRST SUCH PRODUCT IN OUR COUNTRY.
for my country, as its values made me learn how to love and protect my roots. I promoted such values during my work at the Embassy of Montenegro in Rome for 7 years, like every proud Montenegrin woman.
However, as much as diplomacy is a noble political pursuit, the call to return home grew stronger after 18 years of indescribable experiences and a fulfilling life in Rome. Fueled by my love for Montenegro and a yearning for freedom and new challenges, I decided to leave diplomacy and Rome behind, dedicating myself to our family's business of producing Italian ice creams. The desire to revive this cherished family legacy has always burned within me. The sight
and packaging design. But persistence, work and effort always pay off! After this challenging period, I can say that my clients are my most significant success, and we have become a recognisable Montenegrin brand in a very short time. Once upon a time, I read and remembered that business is like a social game with clearly defined rules like any other game. In the game called “business,” you always have those who compete and win. This includes preparations, training, and those who either support you or do not.
Thus, the business world is realistic, as observed from this perspective, and has very exact mathematics, like the law of cause and effect. The one who knows how
to respect that and finds a middle ground between profit and emotion has a great chance of overcoming challenges and succeeding in business.
When establishing the “Mille Baci” brand, you wished to bring the spirit of the Italian culinary tradition, known for ice cream and chocolate, closer to the Montenegrin people. How did you successfully convey that recognisable “dolce vita” moment in your products, simultaneously keeping the local character and adjusting the tastes of Montenegrin consumers? Convinced that our people can recognise quality, I presented something new. We combined Italian production technology with top-quality domestic raw materials. This created the brand “Mille Baci”, or "A Thousand Kisses", the first such product in our country. Following world trends, we made our market’s first gluten-free and vegan ice creams and chocolates. We wanted to enrich the famous ice dessert with authentic fruits from local farms (fruits, milk) and thus preserve traditional Montenegrin tastes. That’s how we made the first - not Italian, but Montenegrin ice cream, and shortly after
that, chocolate. Our imperative is producing premium local products through which we promote the values important to us, all this woven through a modern design and creating a brand by releasing creative potential. Through ice creams and chocolates, we provide visitors and the local population with the tastes of traditional cuisine, such as figs, walnuts, dates, olives, lemons and oranges from the south and raspberries and blueberries from the north. Mille Baci is more than producing ice cream and chocolates. This time, we discover that the main ingredient - LOVE - is responsible for an unimaginable taste experience and a museum-worthy appearance without false modesty. From the former simple form to the most creative appearance, from the simplest ingredients to combinations of incredible flavours, ice cream and chocolate are still irreplaceable.
The Institute for Strategies Studies and Projections (ISSP) study shows that Montenegro’s import of food was, on average, 16 times higher than exports in 2018 - 2022, clearly pointing to a severe disbalance. How do you comment on the Montenegrin consumers’ awareness concerning the consumption of local products such as your ice cream and chocolates? How much do Montenegro’s citizens trust local food manufacturers? Before commenting on consumer awareness in Montenegro, I refer to the state policies implemented to support local production, which is in deficit. I am confident we should work on the transparency of various support programmes through EU grants. I noticed a significant lack of information from the relevant ministries’ employees about how the funds are used. Following the example of the region, Montenegro should develop policies to support and incentivise domestic
production so that local producers can compete in the market. The “Buy Local” campaign has been active for years. Still, it has not been sufficiently developed, nor has enough been done to protect domestic production. While buying domestic products is a matter of patriotism everywhere in the world, very few citizens in Montenegro know how to recognise domestic products. Citizens are primarily guided by lower product prices. Large retail chains are also among the biggest importers, so the positioning of local products on the shelves is relatively low. Considering the importance of the production sector for the country’s economy, we wanted to implement our business idea right here so that Mille Baci becomes a recognisable Montenegrin brand. Although a small country in the Balkans, Montenegro has a great gastronomic and oenological heritage. Mass tourism seeking “sea and sun” is becoming saturated, so today’s tourists are looking for new destinations, including getting to know the culture of food and drink. In this way, oeno gastro tourism, as a global trend, contributes not only to tourism development but also to the destination itself.
Mladen Šuškavčević, President of the Police Administration Union
Improved status of police officers in Montenegro
In an interview with Mladen Šuškavčević, President of the Police Administration Union, we discussed the current challenges and improvements that have marked the work of the Montenegrin police in recent years. Through his perspective, we learn how the status of police officers has changed since he began his career, and the importance of the Union’s role in protecting rights and improving working conditions. Reflecting on issues such as personnel shortages, political interference, and challenges in collaboration with management, Mr. Šuškavčević highlights the Union's key successes and efforts in creating better conditions for police officers, including improvements in labor rights, housing, and the provision of legal and social assistance.
Mr. Šuškavčević, when you look back at the time when you started your career in the police and compare it with the current situation, what conclusions can you draw about the position of police officers in Montenegro? Do you believe their status has improved, or has it deteriorated?
I believe there has been a significant improvement in the police, compared to when I began my career. First of all, today’s police officers receive much more education than was the case before. Additionally, there have been innovations in the way work is organized. Today, we are a much more modern police force, keeping up with the times and the current challenges in the security sector. Police officers' salaries have increased significantly. Finally, the legal framework has been much better regulated, especially in terms of the rights and interests of police officers regarding labor relations. All of this indicates that the status of police officers in Montenegro has greatly improved. Of course, there is always room for further improvement. The Police Administration Union has also made a significant contribution to this progress. The Union has taken
TODAY, WE ARE A MUCH MORE MODERN POLICE FORCE, KEEPING UP WITH THE TIMES AND THE CURRENT CHALLENGES IN THE SECURITY SECTOR.
on many of the employer’s responsibilities in addressing various issues and needs of police officers. Therefore, I can confidently say that we are successfully tackling many challenges.
The state of the Police Administration is concerning. It is estimated that the Montenegrin police, looking long-term, is short by at least 1,000 officers. What does the Police Administration Union plan to do to improve the working conditions and status of police officers?
I agree with your observation! Currently, over 1,600 positions in the Ministry of Internal Affairs remain unfilled due to a personnel shortage. Almost all organizational units are short by 30 to 50 employees. The Police Administration, as an agency within this Ministry, directly suffers the consequences of this issue. I fear we will soon reach a point where the quality of work will start to deteriorate because of this situation, and the citizens will suffer the most. The Union is actively involved in solving this
issue. The Minister of Internal Affairs, Danilo Šaranović, is working on amending the Law on Internal Affairs to create a model that will, in a relatively short period, train new police officers who will become the backbone of the Montenegrin police. Of course, there is the Police Academy in Danilovgrad, which produces a certain number of professionals each year. However, the Academy operates under the Ministry of Education, which creates administrative barriers for graduates to promptly join the police force. The Police Administration Union frequently submits proposals and initiatives to our employer to resolve this problem. Additionally, two years ago, we signed a Collective Agreement, which laid a solid foundation for improving the working conditions and status of police officers. I would also point out that political interference in our ranks is a significant issue. Especially in our service, politics should not have any influence! By law, police officers are prohibited from being
members of political parties or engaging in political activities. Their primary duty is to serve the citizens and the community. Therefore, we must urgently address and eliminate this issue.
How do you comment on the cooperation between the union you lead and the management of the Police Administration?
The cooperation between the Police Administration Union and the employer has always been at a high level. However, due to objective circumstances, our employer is often not able to fulfill all our requests. One such circumstance that hinders the realization of our demands is the lack of legal regulation in certain areas. For example, many of our colleagues were part of the police reserve while we were in the state union with the Republic of Serbia and before. The time spent in the reserve was not counted toward their work experience, which creates significant complications when it comes to exercising pension rights. Additionally, in the last few years, we have seen a rapid change of several Ministers of Internal Affairs, as well as directors of the Police Administration. Naturally, this has slowed down our cooperation. It simply takes time for people who take on decision-making positions in the Police Administration to get a deeper understanding of the structure of the job itself. Therefore, I believe that the position of the Police Administration director can only be properly performed by someone who has dedicated their career to working in this agency. Only then are you able to see things more broadly and assess the challenges your officers are facing. In such cases, it is much easier for us, from the Police Administration Union, to present our problems or initiatives, knowing that we have a reliable partner on the other side. Fortunately, the current Minister of Internal Affairs, Mr. Danilo Šaranović , and his predecessor, Mr. Filip Adžić, have recognized our initiatives and committed to
MLADEN ŠUŠKAVČEVIĆ President of the Police Administration Union
I WOULD ALSO POINT OUT THAT POLITICAL INTERFERENCE IN OUR RANKS IS A SIGNIFICANT ISSUE. ESPECIALLY IN OUR SERVICE, POLITICS SHOULD NOT HAVE ANY INFLUENCE!
resolving the problems and needs of police officers.
How does the Police Administration Union protect police officers when they are involved in legal proceedings or subjected to media attacks? What specific steps do you take to ensure their rights and professional integrity in such situations?
The foundation of our existence is the protection of police officers while performing their official duties. It often happens that a police officer, in the process of solving a task, has to use force. At that point, they enter a zone of responsibility that is certainly questionable. The question arises whether the officer used force in accordance with the law or not. However, even when such cases reach a legal conclusion, we face a problem from the public, which often, based on inaccurate information, comments on the case, prematurely condemning the officer. Unfortunately, such public comments significantly contribute to the degradation of both the professional and moral integrity of the police officer. The Police Administration Union has been drawing attention to this issue for years. We have pointed out that the judiciary and prosecution often fail to consider all the facts related to police actions, which are crucial for making decisions in the proceedings. Of course, the Union is there to provide help and support to colleagues who, due to circumstances, find themselves in such situations. Therefore, when we determine that our colleague acted in accordance with the law, but a legal process is initiated against them, we engage a lawyer to represent their rights and interests in the case. Additionally, in cases of misdemeanors that imply the initiation of disciplinary proceedings, legal assistance has been provided to our officers for the past three years by Vladimir Vukotić, a law graduate and long-time Ministry of Interior employee. Unfortunately, there have been situations where officers tragically lost their lives while performing their duties. Our Union ensures that the employer provides adequate financial sup-
port and other assistance to the families of our fallen colleagues. Sometimes this involves resolving housing issues, and other times it may involve helping with employment, medical treatment, and similar needs.
You were elected to the position of President of the Police Administration Union five years ago. What are the key achievements that you and your team have accomplished during that period?
Here, I will refer to the Report on Work Results for the period 2019–2024. First of all, more than 90% of the total annual membership fees were allocated for loans and assistance to our members. In 2019, from the total annual membership fees and loan repayments, amounting to over €900,000, more than €800,000 was allocated for assistance and loans. Over €380,000 of non-refundable funds were allocated for assistance, and more than €420,000 was allocated for loans. In 2020, from the total annual membership fees and loan repayments, amounting to over €980,000, more than €850,000 was allocated for assistance and loans. Over €410,000 of non-refundable funds were allocated for assistance, and more than €440,000 for loans. In 2021, from the total annual membership fees and loan repayments, amounting to over €1.1 million, more than €1 million was allocated for assistance and loans. Over €450,000 of non-refundable funds were allocated for assistance, and more than €550,000 for loans. In 2022, from the total annual membership fees and loan repayments, amounting to over €1.24 million, more than €1.13 million was allocated for assistance and loans. Over €520,000 of non-refundable funds were allocated for assistance, and more than €610,000 for loans. In 2023, from the total annual membership fees and loan repayments, amounting to over €1.16 million, more than €1 million was allocated for assistance and loans. Over €420,000 of non-refundable funds were allocated for assistance, and more than €580,000 for loans. Additionally, every year we provide
ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES OF THE UNION IS DEFINITELY ADDRESSING THE HOUSING NEEDS OF OUR MEMBERS. WE CAN PROUDLY SAY THAT WE HANDLE THIS SUCCESSFULLY, KNOWING THAT POLICE UNIONS IN THE REGION GENERALLY DO NOT DEAL WITH THIS ISSUE.
free medical treatments and rehabilitation for our employees at health centers like the “Dr. Simo Milošević” Institute in Igalo, Vrnjačka Banja (Serbia), Teslić Spa (Bosnia and Herzegovina), etc. We also provide recreational vacations, both summer and winter, at the seaside and in the mountains. I would also mention that seven years ago, our Union established a fund to support the families of colleagues whose children have developmental difficulties. Every month, the Union sets aside significant financial resources to adequately support these families and be there for them. If one of these children requires treatment abroad, we provide additional funds. Importantly, after thirty years, we signed the first Collective Agreement for employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Police Administration. We encountered deep understanding from the employer, and through this agreement, we better defined certain labor relations issues that had not been clearly addressed before. One of the most important activities of the Union is definitely addressing the housing needs of our members. We can proudly say that we handle this successfully, knowing that police unions in the region generally do not deal with this issue. We took over the management of the Housing Fund, and although this duty is very difficult and demanding, we successfully and responsibly carry out this
role. Currently, in Montenegro, we have completed three housing projects for our members in Podgorica, Nikšić, and Žabljak, under favorable purchasing conditions. In Podgorica, we provided 288 apartments for our members, 105 in Nikšić, and 12 in Žabljak. We are currently working on a housing project in Herceg Novi, while construction is soon expected to begin in Bar and Kolašin. Preparations are underway for the necessary documentation for housing projects in Kotor and Cetinje, and we are awaiting the realization of a project in Mojkovac. All these allocations have been conducted in full accordance with the Rulebook on Housing Solutions, respecting our core document, the Statute. Additionally, we have provided loans for housing needs to some of our union members. Over the past five years, we have had three such distributions, with a total of nearly €3 million paid out. I must commend the work of our union organizations operating in all cities. All of the above is the result of our collective effort. I would also like to highlight the significant support the Union receives from the Government of Montenegro in housing construction projects, which helps us realize our planned projects. Finally, as the President of this Union, I am confident that we have a bright future ahead of us, and that only united can we achieve our desired goals. Unity is our greatest strength!
Bojana
Čelebić, fashion designer
I look forward to the all challenges ahead!
French fashion designer Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel used to say: "Fashion is fleeting, style is eternal". In the world of fashion, where creativity meets the challenges of the modern market, Bojana Čelebić, a young fashion designer from Podgorica, is successfully building her career. After graduating from the Faculty of Multimedia and Design in Podgorica, Bojana founded her fashion atelier – "B Design". Further studies in Milan connected her to the global fashion scene, helping her develop her creative expression and acquire key skills for success in the fashion industry. In this interview for "Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro" magazine, the ambitious Bojana discusses the importance of formal education, the creative challenges she faces in Montenegro, as well as the projects and plans shaping her work and contributions to the fashion scene.
Bojana, you graduated from the Faculty of Multimedia and Design at the University of Donja Gorica in Podgorica and completed your master’s studies at the prestigious "Istituto Marangoni" in Milan. How have the knowledge and skills you gained during your education helped you develop your creative expression and recognize the specific needs of the market? Do you think formal education is essential for success in the fashion industry, or are there other important factors?
I am always happy to emphasize that the knowledge I gained during my education is truly invaluable! During my studies, I had the opportunity to face numerous challenges. Even as a student, I had to respond to various themes and collections, some of which weren’t always aligned with my fashion sensibility. Of course, all those challenges are given to prepare you for what follows after graduation. Studying in Milan, fashion
BOJANA ČELEBIĆ Fashion designer
I ALWAYS REPEAT THAT PEOPLE SHOULD WEAR CLOTHES IN WHICH THEY FEEL THEIR BEST, NOT JUST WHAT THE CURRENT FASHION SCENE DICTATES.
capital of the world, I had the opportunity to work on different projects and attend lectures by renowned professors and world-famous fashion designers. I particularly remember the lecture given by a famous designer who, along with another young designer from Italy, founded one of my favorite fashion brands – "The Attico". I enjoyed hearing their stories about their beginnings, their biggest successes, and creating outfits for some of the world’s most famous stars! This undoubtedly contributed to the further development of my creative expression. As I said, I believe that theoretical knowledge and formal education are very important—they are the foundation of everything. However, in practice, you must constantly improve, work on yourself, and follow market needs, just like in any profession, if you want to fully dedicate yourself to it. Finally, it's important to know yourself and stay focused on the ultimate goal you want to achieve!
You currently live and work in Podgorica but often visit Milan. You own a small atelier – "B Design." How do you balance creativity and commercial success in the fashion industry, given that trends change so quickly? Personally, I’m not someone who blindly follows trends. However, given the nature of my work, it goes without saying that I must stay up to date with the times and trends that appear and change very quickly. I always repeat that people should wear clothes in which they feel their best, not just what the current fashion scene dictates. When it comes to balancing creativity and commercial success in the fashion industry, I have to point out that I like to add a small dose of "extravagance" to my work. I like to offer my opinion but never impose it on my atelier’s clients. I always provide my suggestions but strive for mutual compromise. When clients come to my atelier for services, especially for a special occasion, building a trusting re-
lationship is very important to me. There are also times when a client doesn’t know exactly what he wants or when a request is technically unfeasible. However, I try to overcome every challenge and find the best possible solution. In such situations, I remember my professor’s words: "Just draw and don’t worry about the execution! We’ll think about that when the time comes!" In the end, when there is healthy communication between me as a designer on one side and the client on the other, the final result is mutually satisfying.
Regarding Montenegro, it's clear that we have a small market dominated by foreign fashion brands. How do you see the role of local designers in such an environment? In your opinion, how can local fashion brands achieve greater recognition and competitiveness in the domestic market?
I strive to show that fashion is not just about dressing up. It’s much more – it reflects your approach to life and the world around you. According to the rules of nonverbal communication, we form our first impression of someone by observing their dress style. Although the saying goes, "Clothes don’t make the man", I believe that your personal style says a lot about your personality. On the one hand, I understand the domestic population’s need to primarily enjoy products from foreign fashion brands. On the other hand, I think Montenegro has many creative and talented fashion designers who deserve a chance and trust in their work. However, what primarily drives the average Montenegrin consumer to choose a foreign brand over a local one is the price of the product. Thanks to mass production, the prices of these foreign products are often lower compared to those from local designers, who produce in smaller quantities. Mass production has contributed to a certain uniformity in fashion, not just in Montenegro, but globally.
I STRIVE TO SHOW THAT FASHION IS NOT JUST ABOUT DRESSING UP. IT’S MUCH MORE – IT REFLECTS YOUR APPROACH TO LIFE AND THE WORLD AROUND YOU.
Of course, I don’t judge this since I wear these brands too, and as a young woman, I understand that especially women want to have as many clothing pieces as possible in their wardrobe. In most cases, the goal is quantity over quality. In my opinion, quality will find its place and be recognized sooner or later!
What are your plans for the future? Are you currently working on new collections or projects that you plan to present?
I do have many plans! Currently, I’m working on a project with young director Dušanka Belada It’s a film production by Radio Television of Montenegro. I’m adapting well to this new experience, where I’m responsible
for the costumes and styling of the cast. Besides that, the winter season is approaching, and I will be launching a new collection of women’s coats. During this period, there’s also a demand for evening gowns for the upcoming holidays. For this year’s International Women’s Day (March 8), I successfully ran the "BYourself" campaign, where my atelier released a collection of T-shirts with symbolic messages, aimed at helping women express their style and identity authentically every day. I think this campaign definitely marked this year in terms of my work, and people often ask if I plan to continue it. It’s very possible! Simply put, I enjoy my job, and I look forward to all the challenges ahead!
Danilo Popović, President of YATA Montenegro
Changes depend on Montenegrin youth
In an interview with Danilo Popović, president of the Atlantic Alliance of Montenegro's youth organization –YATA Montenegro, we touched on the key issues concerning young people's engagement in international security, defense, and diplomacy. Danilo spoke about the challenges faced by young leaders in Montenegro, the importance of Euro-Atlantic values, and the role that YATA Montenegro plays in connecting young people more closely with the international community. Popović particularly emphasized the need for young people to be more actively involved in creating social chang-
es and critical reflection in the era of political populism.
Danilo, your organization aims to shape an informed, engaged, and capable generation of young leaders ready to face contemporary challenges in international security, defense, and diplomacy. What activities do you carry out to achieve that goal?
The Youth Organization of the Atlantic Alliance of Montenegro
- YATA Montenegro is dedicated to fostering collaboration with the Atlantic Alliance of Montenegro as an overarching body committed to embracing and advancing Euro-Atlantic princi-
CHANGE IS NOT SOMETHING THAT SHOULD BE PASSIVELY ANTICIPATED; IT MUST BE ACTIVELY PURSUED, EMBRACED, AND UPHELD AS A LOFTY AMBITION, A CHERISHED VALUE, AND AN IDEAL WORTH STRIVING FOR.
ples, particularly individual liberties, democracy, and the rule of law. In this context, we curate a wide array of engagements ranging from conventional formats like panel discussions, conferences, and symposiums to more unconventional gatherings such as meetings and receptions. These occasions provide a platform to engage with emerging talent, interact with resident ambassadors in Montenegro, and establish connections with peers from across Europe and America. There is too much to fit into these few lines. Of course, as an integral part of it, we support the Atlantic Alliance of Montenegro in organizing traditional activities such as the recently held To Be Secure Forum in Budva.
YATA Montenegro is an integral part of a global network of organizations that uphold the values of Western and European heritage. How does the interaction with the international community affect YATA Montenegro's work and projects?
An organization that upholds Euro-Atlantic values naturally falls under the purview of relevant international organizations. A young person today must not be isolated. Therefore, YATA Montenegro is dedicated to fostering connections among young people, providing them with the opportunity to engage with their peers from Europe, the USA, and around the globe. The organization aims to introduce youth to the values and lifestyles prevalent in democratic societies, offering them exposure to diverse experiences and fostering meaningful
networking opportunities. Understanding how a well-established community operates is crucial for determining what aspects are relevant and beneficial for the youth in Montenegro. How can I know what's good for me if I don't know everything that exists if I haven't even felt anything else, nothing new? Often, you only find the answers or at least some guidance to these crucial questions when you observe how things work in other places.
Montenegro has been a member of the NATO alliance for seven years. However, in your opinion, to what extent does Montenegrin society consider an issue like international security relevant to young people? How can your organization, as a group of young people, contribute to enhancing the protection of the national and transatlantic community?
Regrettably, despite seven years of NATO membership, Montenegrin society still finds itself trapped in an anachronistic state, entangled by myths, entrenched traditional values, and conservative beliefs. One gets the impression that during all that time, the Montenegrin political elite only declaratively promoted Western values and did not think about young people. Unfortunately, that hardly resonated with the younger generation and will not resonate until the younger generation experiences the consequences of this arrogant neglect. When they do, they'll send a clear message to the environment that they will not tolerate the disregard any lon-
DANILO POPOVIĆ President of YATA Montenegro
ger. However, young individuals need to recognize the level of responsibility that comes with such a decision. Change is not something that should be passively anticipated; it must be actively pursued, embraced, and upheld as a lofty ambition, a cherished value, and an ideal worth striving for.
YATA Montenegro contributes to security by developing strong, informed, and engaged young individuals, as defined by our goal. A young person of excellent capability and aspiration who values democracy and believes in institutions that prioritize the interests of the citizens over those of the party is discerning, resistant to manipulation, and refuses to be tokenized. In an era marked by political populism, demagoguery, and shallow media coverage driven by, often insincere and manipulative, motives, it is crucial to cultivate critical awareness. Equally important is to seek a community that aligns with the ideals of democracy, freedom, mutual respect, and selflessness.
YOUNG PEOPLE NO LONGER HAVE THE INCENTIVE TO JOIN FORCES. HENCE THE SLUGGISHNESS IN CREATING SOCIAL CHANGES. WHEN THE TRAIN MOVES FORWARD, THE LOCOMOTIVE ACCELERATES GREATLY BEFORE THE LAST CARS EVEN FLINCH.
In Montenegro, in the last fifteen years, dozens of youth organizations in the civil sector have been founded. To what extent is there creative and driving energy among young people in Montenegro today? Are young people the bearers of change in our country?
I do not doubt for a second that every youth organization (although this does not apply to every organization in the civil sector) is established with honorable and noble goals. However, we must understand that it is difficult to maintain focus in a world of instant gratification and an economy that fights for attention. Therefore, it seems that youth's energy is wasted and lost in a sea of similar initiatives with little to no progress. Conversely, the ceaseless
of their interest. I would feel presumptuous if I attempted to define those realms in isolation, as that responsibility falls to the youth community. However, by organizing ourselves effectively, learning together, making progress, fostering development, and ultimately taking action, we can bring about significant change that the younger generation truly deserves. It's essential for young people to recognize that the responsibility rests on their shoulders.
What is the cooperation of YATA Montenegro with Montenegrin youth organizations, the non-governmental sector, and state institutions?
pursuit of quick financial gain and grants has fostered an atmosphere where the nonprofit sector appears to conflict with itself, fostering competition and rivalry rather than collaboration. Businesses are competing for a share of the economic market; political parties are vying for votes, while the civil sector is in an unsustainable limbo, hoping to survive until the next call for grants or the next engagement in working groups. Young people no longer have the incentive to join forces. Hence the sluggishness in creating social changes. When the train moves forward, the locomotive accelerates greatly before the last cars even flinch. The civil sector, especially the youth sector, needs an apparent structural clustering by areas
It is our interest and goal to establish the best possible cooperation with the non-governmental sector and student organizations. Students from all universities in Montenegro participate in the activities we organize. I believe that this is just the beginning of our collaboration. We should strive to enhance our partnership through joint programs and initiatives that will bring our young people closer to our organization's activities and goals. It's crucial that they embrace these objectives as their own. Montenegrin universities play a vital role in promoting European and transatlantic values, as they are where the future intellectual, academic, business and cultural community is nurtured. Unfortunately, it seems that state institutions have shown little interest in the projects we are implementing. Their engagement with the young population in Montenegro appears to be minimal, except for their involvement through political youth organizations and mobilizing young voters during elections. This would not be reprehensible if their concern for young people were also reflected in other fields and if the issues of importance for young people were actually brought up to date. However, time is, they say, a masterful sieve, so I hope that it will prove that the young do not always have the patience to be at the bottom of the priority list of party elites. I sincerely believe that YATA Montenegro will support them in this manner.
Photo: Private archive
Lord of the State of Zeta from 1385 to 1403
The Balšić family is the second Montenegrin medieval dynasty that ruled the former Zeta from 1360 to 1421. During the reign of the Nemanjić dynasty, the Balšić family was one of the most powerful. After Emperor Dušan died, they became regional lords whose complete authority in Zeta would be recognised by Dušan’s son Uroš. During their reign, the Balšić dynasty expanded the territories of the former state of Zeta using military and diplomatic means. In the political principle of the Balšić dynasty, we find a parallel with the words of Charlemagne, “Bella gerant alii, tu felix Austria, nube! (Let others wage war: thou, happy Austria, marry!)”, since the dynasty concluded many marriages during its reign and thus managed to maintain significant relations with neighbouring countries after Dušan’s empire collapsed.
Đurađ II Stracimirović Balšić is the heir of Balša II, and his mother was Milica Mrnjavčević. Đurađ II came to the throne in 1385 and ruled Zeta during the Turkish invasion of the Balkans. At the beginning of his reign, he tried to strengthen his position in Zeta by obtaining the neighbouring rulers’ support; therefore, he married the daughter of the Serbian prince Lazar Hrebeljanović yet in 1386 and thus entered into family ties with Vuk Branković. His newly built connections became useless after the Turkish invasion of the Balkans in 1388, and the Bosnian king Tvrtko, his then-biggest enemy, became harmless. Afraid of the Turkish in-
vasion, all the Balkan rulers waited for some joint agreement; even King Tvrtko sent envoys to Đurađ to make peace. This peace arrangement suited Đurađ to strengthen his weakened power in the country. Still, he did not conclude this arrangement with Tvrtko, Lazar and Vuk Branković to go to Kosovo, knowing there would not be much left of his land and it would be divided between the more potent regional lords in Zeta. Instead of an agreement, Đurađ made peace with the Turks and participated in the second Turkish attack on Bosnia together with Dubrovnik’s citizens. On 5 September 1388, the people of Dubrovnik elected the Lord of Zeta as their citizen as a sign of gratitude for his standing up before the Turks. Negotiations between the Bosnian king and Đurađ II (in November 1388 and March 1389) led to a relaxing of the strained relationship twice. Still, Zeta did not change its attitude towards the Turks, which was formalised by the peace of 1386. In the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, Đurađ did not participate, hoping to remain a Turkish protégé. His expectations were not met, and immediately after the battle in Kosovo, the Turks asked Đurađ to hand over almost half of his territory. As Đurađ II ceased to be a protégé of the Turkish sultan Bayazit I, he looked for allies on the other side. He led negotiations with Roman Pope Boniface IX, promised him his country if he was left without an heir, accepted the Catholic religion and received permission to fight against the “pagans” and all Turkish allies under the Roman Church flag in April 1391. Not wanting to give up those territories, Đurađ started negotiations with the Skopje sanjak Pasha Yigit Bey. He was put in custody and blackmailed to be released from custody only when he handed over the requested areas. At the end of 1392, Đurađ handed over Skadar, Drivast and Sveti Srđ to the sultan and accepted the condition of paying an annual tribute. It was only in 1395 that he managed to completely free himself from Turkish vassalage by using the Hungarian-Turkish conflict. He surrendered Skadar, Drivastum, St. Sergius and Dagno, handing them over to the Republic of Venice to secure them from the Turks in exchange for 1000
ducats paid to him for those places. By ceding those areas, Đurađ knew that the cities would be protected. It was imperative to him - ceding Skadar and Drivastum to the Republic of Venice, he could use it to get political privileges. The contract was concluded in 1396 when the Republic of Venice officially accepted Đurađ’s offer. According to the contract, the cities were ceded “in perpetuity” with the right to dispose of all city revenues freely. Đurađ undertook that neither he nor his heirs would claim them. In return, his heirs and he received Venetian nobility, the right of refuge on Venetian territory, a thousand ducats of annual commission and a promise that none of the nobles would threaten the Zeta state using its territory. This political situation enabled Đurađ to deal with Radič Crnojević, his most dangerous enemy then. The same year, Đurađ met with the Hungarian king Sigismund during his return from the battle of Nicopolis. The king appointed him the prince of Hvar and Korčula, where he would nominate his vicars (emissaries). His rule over those areas lasted until 1402.
The alliance of Đurađ II Balšić with Venice did not last long. Soon, he came into conflict with the Republic over its economic policies in the areas it was given. By lowering customs duties and taxes in Skadar and Drivastum, the Republic threatened the monopoly trade led by the Balšićs and, consequently, the revenues of the Zeta state. This occurrence prompted Zeta’s ruler to work against the Republic of Venice’s interests. Three years after the signing of the contract, there Đurađ instigated an uprising in Skadar, starting the enmity between Balšić and Venice. Đurađ turned to the Turks for help, knowing that they were also enemies of Venice. The Republic did not like such a foreign policy move. Thus, at the beginning of 1401, it decided to cancel his compensation of one thousand ducats, even though the Turks could not threaten the Republic then (the Turks were then engaged in the Asia Minor war). Aware that the Republic of Venice was extremely dangerous for the small allies, Đurađ reluctantly accepted to compensate for the damage caused by his subjects
to the salt warehouses in Skadar and promised safety to the Venetian trade. In return, the Republic renewed the payment of his annual commission. After regulating relations with Venice, Đurađ II did not live long. He died only two years later.
After Đurađ II Stracimirović Balšić’s death, a mere 17 years old, Balša III came to the throne. He did not rule Zeta for long, and his mother, Jelena Balšić, made diplomatic decisions and surrendered Zeta to his uncle Stefan Lazarević after his death.
We may conclude that there was no organised diplomacy in the Zeta state during the Balšićs and that all diplomatic activities were concentrated on the Zeta ruler’s decisions. This was a very characteristic historical period in which the Balšićs were not only battling for Zeta’s survival, power and management but also for preserving the state’s territory, which in different historical stages during the Đurađ II Balšić’s reign was expanded or lost in times of war and blackmail by great powers, primarily Turkey and Venice.
The period of Đurađ’s rule was also characterised by his willingness to change his religion to save the state. Undoubtedly, he is a great ruler with exceptional negotiation skills to resist great powers and the ability to save the Zeta state until the end of his life. This can be seen from his outstanding agreements with Venice and significant tactical negotiations with Turkey, a great power ruling the Balkans then. Moreover, the period of his rule was marked by his skills to raise the people in the occupied territories (Skadar and other places he lost in the negotiations) up and organise an uprising against the Republic of Venice with the people of Dubrovnik.
Indeed, in that period, it is interesting that entering into marriages with great rulers from the State of Zeta’s neighbourhood guaranteed its stability and the most remarkable diplomatic action. However, this was a poor assessment, as the marriages of rulers and princesses were insufficient to ensure the State of Zeta’s stability and peace in those areas.
Author: David Popović, foreign policy and diplomacy specialist
IT - Technology that changes
Božidar Perović, Lead of Mobile Business Development at Kodio
Initiating change: Kodio’s drive for global IT excellence
The Montenegrin IT sector boasts Kodio as a shining example of successfully showcasing local talent globally. This dynamic IT company, founded six years ago, specialises in search monetisation, programmatic advertising, and software development. Božidar Perović, the Lead of Mobile Business Development at Kodio, recently shared with Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro insights into the company’s achievements, the challenges of attracting IT experts in Montenegro, and how their internal solutions facilitate swift responses to market changes. Delve deeper into Kodio’s strategies for maintaining competitiveness in the international IT market and their role in advancing the Montenegrin digital ecosystem.
OUR GREATEST SUCCESS IS OUR PLATFORM FOR SOFTWARE MONETISATION – AN INTUITIVE SYSTEM DESIGNED TO HELP DEVELOPERS, INDIVIDUALS, AND COMPANIES WITH USER-ORIENTED PRODUCTS GAIN ADDITIONAL INCOME.
Mr Perović, how would you describe the company Kodio? What are its highest achievements?
Kodio is an AdTech company that successfully launched numerous profitable projects over the past six years. The company focuses on the international market. We are recognized for our expertise in search monetisation, programmatic advertising, and oRTB, as well as app and software creation and monetisation. Our great-
est success is our platform for software monetisation – an intuitive system designed to help developers, individuals, and companies with user-oriented products gain additional income. This platform enables programmers to earn income even by offering their products for free, thus creating a passive income form.
Moreover, one of our successful initiatives is a platform for programmatic advertising, where we provide innovative
BOŽIDAR PEROVIĆ
Lead of Mobile Business Development at Kodio
solutions in online advertising. Our ad exchange platform offers our partners the ideal way to reach their target audience. With innovative solutions, our programmatic advertising platform identifies the perfect opportunities for publishers and advertisers to connect, buy, and sell digital ad space, utilizing the best tools to maximize their advertising potential.
In the digital marketing world, consumer trust is often the biggest challenge. How does Kodio build trust between the product and end users? Which tactics do you use to succeed in a more demanding and competitive business environment?
On the one hand, our ultimate users are companies, developers, and individuals looking for the best way to monetise their products. On the other hand, we work with companies, brands and marketing agencies looking for the best solutions for online advertising and increasing their brands’ visibility. We strive to stay up-to-date and offer our clients the best technical solutions, often being the initiators of market changes, rather than just a company that follows trends. I would like to point out that developers are the majority of employees in Kodio, meaning that all technical solutions for the projects we work on are created within the company itself. This allows us greater control, customization, and adjustment of these solutions to the project as time progresses.
In addition to technical solutions, our partners are in constant communication with Kodio Account Managers, who work with them to achieve their business goals. We are aware that quality services, constant support, and mutual benefit for both sides are the main reasons for having an extensive network of loyal partners.
Attracting and retaining quality IT experts is also a big challenge for IT companies. What is the situation in Montenegro? How many quality personnel are there, and how difficult is retaining them? What kind of strategy does Kodio have when it comes to this?
Finding and retaining quality personnel in any area is challenging, even more so in the IT
OUR COUNTRY’S BEAUTY AND CLIMATE ALREADY ATTRACT MANY DIGITAL NOMADS. IT IS ALSO ONE OF OUR SIGNIFICANT ADVANTAGES COMPARED TO OTHER BALKAN COUNTRIES. COMPANIES’ ORIENTATION TOWARDS THE INTERNATIONAL MARKET CERTAINLY INCREASES MONTENEGRO’S AND THE BALKANS’ COMPETITIVENESS GLOBALLY.
sector. Fortunately, the wave of the IT industry’s popularity in the past few years increased the interest of young people in the country for education and improvement in this area, so Montenegro does have a pool of skilled professionals. The problem is that we are a small country, so the number of IT experts is limited. We establish partnerships with universities to discover talents from the local environment. We strive to find the best students in the state, offer them tuition and help them improve their knowledge. Our company is guided by the idea that its most valuable resource is its people. Accordingly, in addition to competitive financial conditions, employees are provided with very modern facilities for work and development. Our office space is equipped with a modern gym, sauna, living room that transforms into a movie theatre, and other joint rooms used for socializing among colleagues. Numerous courses and training are often financed to improve employees further, and they
do not have to be related to the current field of business; it is enough that they are the subject of interest of the specific employee. We are also frequent participants and attendees at conferences around the world, where we expand our partner network and further improve ourselves. During the working year, we organise team buildings, usually one in summer and one in winter, to rest and relax collectively. Organisational culture is something that receives special attention.
In your opinion, how much the IT market in Montenegro is competitive compared regionally and globally?
Montenegro should continue to work on developing the IT industry. I believe that we have only recently realized how important it is for the growth of our country. Despite our competitiveness in the Balkans, we lag globally but can still catch up. As a small country, it is easier for the private sector to grow, especially with government support, which should focus on
creating a favorable business environment and properly directing resources. Our country’s beauty and climate already attract many digital nomads. It is also one of our significant advantages compared to other Balkan countries. Companies’ orientation towards the international market certainly increases Montenegro’s and the Balkans’ competitiveness globally.
What technologies and trends are current in the areas where Kodio operates? Given the speed with which technologies develop and trends change, what are you doing to make the company "futureproof"?
As already stated, the modern technical solutions we create ourselves, combined with adequate support, are truly our great advantage. We tend to initiate changes, and in the company, we develop a few projects that support the main project. Very often, due to significant market fluctuations and turbulence, one of these support projects becomes the main one. In addition, our most important advantage compared to the competition is speed. Large companies sometimes need more time and have a set of administrative procedures to process the client’s request. We are ready to make decisions and react much faster. Combining those two factors makes us sustainable and competitive in the IT market.
Photo: kod.io
Branimir Bukilić, President of the Board of Directors of ICT Cortex
ICT Cortex – Leader of digital transformation in Montenegro
Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro magazine speaks with Mr Branimir Bukilić, the President of the Board of Directors of ICT Cortex. This organisation, which unites Montenegro’s most innovative IT companies, is at the forefront of driving digital transformation and technological advancement nationally. During the interview, Mr. Bukilić shared insights on the latest global IT trends, with a particular focus on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and the challenges and opportunities in Montenegro's IT sector. The discussion also delved into ICT Cortex's key initiatives, their endeavours to attract foreign investments, and their contributions to innovative and socially responsible projects aimed at promoting the sustainable development of the local community.
Mr. Bukilić, what are the latest trends in the IT industry worldwide, and how does ICT Cortex follow these global changes? The global IT industry is closely related to the AI revolution. Innovative companies are devising new ways of applying AI to solve problems and improve various business processes. New successful startups are being born, and leading global IT have created their machine learning and AI platforms, fighting a great battle for primacy in this field. When global leaders become interested in a specific technology, you should immediately know that such a technology will be a part of our everyday life in the next few years.
ICT companies in Montenegro follow these trends. We were the first to recognise the importance of applying AI in our business, which immediately gave results. Aware of the improvements in business processes we have achieved in our operations, ICT Cortex promotes using the latest technologies in all other economic branches through
BRANIMIR BUKILIĆ President of the Board of Directors of ICT Cortex
THE GLOBAL IT INDUSTRY IS CLOSELY RELATED TO THE AI REVOLUTION. INNOVATIVE COMPANIES ARE DEVISING NEW WAYS OF APPLYING AI TO SOLVE PROBLEMS AND IMPROVE VARIOUS BUSINESS PROCESSES. NEW SUCCESSFUL STARTUPS ARE BEING BORN, AND LEADING GLOBAL IT HAVE CREATED THEIR MACHINE LEARNING AND AI PLATFORMS, FIGHTING A GREAT BATTLE FOR PRIMACY IN THIS FIELD.
various areas of its activity, such as media appearances, conferences, workshops, etc.
Our focus is digital transformation and creating the best possible business environment for ICT companies. To significantly raise the level of digital literacy, i.e., the application of technology in everyday life and business, we promote the use of the latest technologies, and we create a better connection between ICT companies so that they can be more competitive in foreign markets, but also to transfer technology. Also, Cortex applies for and receives national, international, and EU projects from the IT industry. At the moment, I can single out three current ones of greater importance:
IPA South Adriatic Italy-Albania-Montenegro is the project of improving efficient public administration by enhancing legal and administrative cooperation and cooperation between citizens, actors of civil society, and institutions, especially in solving legal and other obstacles in border areas.
Interreg IPA Croatia—Bosnia and Herzegovina—Montenegro, Gaming for a New Generation, the project aims to develop the gaming industry, furnish a gaming centre and purchase equipment, and develop an educational curriculum (training, hackathon, Global Game Jem) for different target groups.
MontEDIH Digital Innovation Hub will support the digital transformation of Montenegrin companies and the public sector.
In your opinion, will AI technology development and task automation increase or decrease the demand for new personnel in the IT industry? Moreover, what skills do staff require for employment in the era of smart technologies? The development of AI technology
and the automation of tasks will not necessarily lead to a decrease in the demand for IT professionals. On the contrary, many experts predict that the demand for new personnel will continue to grow. Although AI and automation are taking over specific routine tasks, the human factor will still be required to develop, test, implement and maintain these systems. This means an increased demand for specialists in machine learning, data science, software development, engineering, and similar fields. Automation often leads to the creation of new types of jobs that did not exist before the development of these technologies. For example, there will be a need for experts in data management, ethics in AI, security in the context of AI, and specialists in human interaction with AI tools. In addition, various industries are adopting technologies like AI and automation, which increases the need for IT professionals who can adapt these technologies to specific industry needs and consultants to help companies with digital transformation. Finally, while AI can automate routine tasks, human factors like creativity, critical thinking, and the ability to solve complex problems become even more important. The IT industry will increasingly need people who can use AI tools to innovate and create new solutions.
Part of your cluster’s plan is to internationalise and attract foreign investments in the Montenegrin IT sector. What are the main advantages Montenegro offers to international IT companies and investors, and how does ICT Cortex help create a favourable business environment for those investments?
Cortex is committed to internationalisation as one of its key strategic directions. Many IT companies from Montenegro are already present in the global market. Numerous companies that moved to Montenegro due to war events are
OUR FOCUS IS DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION AND CREATING THE BEST POSSIBLE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT FOR ICT COMPANIES. TO SIGNIFICANTLY RAISE THE LEVEL OF DIGITAL LITERACY, I.E., THE APPLICATION OF TECHNOLOGY IN EVERYDAY LIFE AND BUSINESS, WE PROMOTE THE USE OF THE LATEST TECHNOLOGIES, AND WE CREATE A BETTER CONNECTION BETWEEN ICT COMPANIES SO THAT THEY CAN BE MORE COMPETITIVE IN FOREIGN MARKETS, BUT ALSO TO TRANSFER TECHNOLOGY.
mainly focused on exporting their products and services, which also affected improving the overall export of IT products and services. To facilitate exports, we organised several study visits to strategically important destinations such as the United Arab Emirates, Austria, the Netherlands, Sweden, Saudi Arabia, Estonia, Finland and other countries, including those in the region (Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia). In the coming period, we plan a visit to the USA. It is essential to point out that the organisation of these visits would not have been possible without the support of the Ministry of Science, Education and Innovation. Owing to our executive offices' and member companies’ dedicated work, we were subsidised to attend leading world conferences such as Web Summit, AI Tech Summit, GITEX, etc. These activities contribute to a better perception of foreign mar-
kets and cultures, expand our network of companies and experts, and create new business opportunities.
The development of innovation and research (R&D) are essential elements for the sustainable progress of the IT sector. How does ICT Cortex encourage innovation within its members and the wider community? What challenges do you face in implementing research and development activities at the national level?
In parallel with study visits, we actively promote entrepreneurship, research, innovation and development of our software products. The export potential can be significantly improved if we partially transform service-oriented companies into development companies, i.e., companies that create their products and develop a business strategy for their placement on the global market.
It is a challenging and risky process, but imagine that some domestic company will create a new Skype, Spotify or Viber in the coming years. Only one such product could significantly affect the entire Montenegrin economy. Skype was initially developed in Estonia, and Estonia is not much bigger numerically than Montenegro. It proves that it is possible and that we must work intensively to promote innovation and development of software or hardware products.
One of the most significant challenges is undoubtedly the fi nancing of research and development. Cortex has excellent cooperation with the Innovation Fund, the Science and Technology Park of Montenegro, Technopolis, relevant ministries, and other institutions that can create a better environment to encourage innovation. Funding for the initial development of an idea up to the MVP level can be provided through available support programmes. Still, we must also work more intensively on improving the environment to finance the following stages of product development up to its commercialisation on the global market. It implies serious investments in market research, marketing strategy creation, branding, campaign financing, etc., which are huge investments with very high risk for return on investment. We need serious VC funds for this. I believe that we should work on creating a domestic VC fund, although this is questionable considering the volume of our market. As I mentioned, ICT Cortex works actively in this field by participating in numerous international and EU calls whose activities are in innovation.
Also, ICT Cortex represents the interests of its members. Still, the essential interest of our members is to create a better potential for the growth and development of the entire sector. If the cake grows, then all its parts grow. The growth and development of the ICT sector are not, and must not be, only in the interest of ICT companies. It must also be in the interest of the Government of Montenegro because any policy of growth and development of the economy of Montenegro contains the fact that the growth and development of the entire economy is directly proportional to the growth and
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AI TECHNOLOGY AND THE AUTOMATION OF TASKS WILL NOT NECESSARILY LEAD TO A DECREASE IN THE DEMAND FOR IT PROFESSIONALS. ON THE CONTRARY, MANY EXPERTS PREDICT THAT THE DEMAND FOR NEW PERSONNEL WILL CONTINUE TO GROW. ALTHOUGH AI AND AUTOMATION ARE TAKING OVER SPECIFIC ROUTINE TASKS, THE HUMAN FACTOR WILL STILL BE REQUIRED TO DEVELOP, TEST, IMPLEMENT AND MAINTAIN THESE SYSTEMS.
development of the ICT sector. As a horizontal economic branch, the ICT sector helps other economic branches to achieve growth. You know that there is no serious growth without digital transformation of business, and the question is whether you can maintain the same level of productivity. On the other hand, ICT can contribute to the Montenegrin economy as a vertical economic branch. It's happening to a lesser extent now. Still, we have a serious potential to lay the foundations for domestic software production.
A real example of this is Estonia, a country that started doing this 20 years ago and with domestic companies developed over ¾ of all electronic services and infrastructure software systems. As a result, several Estonian IT companies with over 2000 employees are implementing those products. Estonia has made a brand out of it, and IT is directly responsible for the enormous success of the entire economy in a relatively short period. The only thing that matters is to recognise the moment and seize it. Now is an excellent time because AI is creating new opportunities. That is why we are trying with all our might to seize it.
We have organised many events on this topic, highlighting the big project ICT Week and the current project IT Spot’24, an event with GovTech as the main topic at the conference, which will take place from 28-29 November in the Science and Technology Park with key partners such as the Chamber of Commerce of Montenegro, the Innovation Fund and the Ministry of Public Administration.
How would you rate the cooperation with the Government of Montenegro and relevant ministries? So far, our cooperation has been excellent. In the previous three years, we had serious support
from the state through financing our work program, which we received through a public tender. It enabled the excellent positioning of ICT Cortex in society because it quickly became the best-organised Cluster in Montenegro and the best-organised association of companies from any field. Of course, we have returned a lot to society and the state through the benefits we managed to achieve in the previous project by applying to various projects for obtaining grants, conducting education and testing a kind of dual education in high schools and with faculties, participating in multiple debates on improving market potential and removing business barriers, etc. From my point of view, I would say that it was a Win-Win situation and that the Government of Montenegro received multiple benefits in this way, both in money, through approved grants and VAT that resulted from many projects, but also in immaterial contributions which are invaluable in creating the foundation for better growth and development of the ICT market, which will undoubtedly affect GDP growth and increase exports, as I have already answered in the previous questions.
I would especially highlight the project that, thanks to the consortium of Cortex member companies, will invest over one million euros in three electro-technical schools in Podgorica, Nikšić, and Bijelo Polje to equip classrooms and turn those schools into the best possible institutions for the growth and development of high school students.
Another important project we are giving back to the state is the Cortex Academy, which provides free education to high school students and students with the mentorship of member companies that later employ this staff.
I foresee continuing excellent cooperation with the Government of Montenegro and relevant ministries, regardless of the political turbulence that has followed us since the founding of Cortex. Our cooperation is a true example of sustainability, which is one of the basic postulates on which they base all EU and United Nations policies.
ICT Cortex also works on socially responsible projects. Can you give us more information about it?
Shortly after the founding of ICT Cortex, we founded the “Do Good” Foundation to affirm and promote socially responsible business and philanthropy. The foundation directed its work in organising and supporting projects, activities, organisations and individuals in education, green initiatives, digital services and social and child protection. Thus, the foundation helps and supports educational institutions, education in the part of formal and informal education, school, student and youth organisations and projects, but also implements activities aimed at changing awareness and habits, with an emphasis on children and young people, regarding the environment, healthy lifestyles, etc. Since its establishment, the foundation has organised and/or supported over 50 projects/activities/ events worth around 100,000 euros in education, green initiatives, voluntary blood donation actions (over 100 litres donated) and social and child protection.
A big project of ICT Cortex is the “Cortex Village” project, whose value is 16 million euros, and was initiated due to the risk of staff outflow from Montenegro. A humane complex of five buildings with 115 residential units, green areas, an underground garage, parking, a fitness centre, a park, a children’s playground, a community centre, and areas for children will be built on 12,500 square meters of surface area. The housing security project was initiated by members who fully support their employees and their families in solving essential life issues on favourable terms. In this way, ICT Cortex contributes to creating an environment that will reduce the departure of IT experts from Montenegro and enable them to have a better and safer future.
Photo: Private archive
Discover luxury and romance at the Royal Blue Resort & Residences, accompanied by a top-notch experience at the Cielo Rooftop Bar and Restaurant
Kavac, Tivat, Montenegro — Situated in the heart of beautiful Boka Bay, Royal Blue Resort & Residences is a luxurious retreat rarely found anywhere else. This exclusive destination stands out with elegant accommodation and top-notch amenities, becoming the crown jewel of the Montenegrin Adriatic coast.
Royal Blue Resort & Residences offers a range of beautifully designed apartments, each providing stunning views of the bay and surrounding mountains. Every detail in the Resort is carefully designed to provide guests with maximum comfort and sophistication, making it the perfect place for those seeking relaxation and adventure.
More than just a place to stay, Royal Blue Resort & Residences is a fusion of culture, creativity, and romance. The Resort regularly organises art exhibitions, showcasing the works of local and international artists. The picturesque atmosphere, enriched with live music and art, makes every moment at Royal Blue inspiring and unforgettable.
One of the Resort's main attractions is the stunning Infinity Pool, with a bar overlooking the tranquil waters of the Bay of Tivat. Guests can relax in style, enjoying refreshing cocktails with a panoramic view stretching over the Adriatic Sea. This perfect combination of luxury, natural beauty, and artistic atmosphere offers a unique experience of relaxation and enjoyment.
The experience at Royal Blue Resort is further enhanced by the Cielo Rooftop Bar and Restaurant. Perched high above the azure waters, Cielo offers a gastronomic experience that combines innovative cuisine with stunning panoramic views. The menu, curated by renowned chefs, fuses Mediterranean flavours with local Montenegrin ingredients, providing a culinary journey that delights all the senses. Cielo is not just a restaurant but a romantic destination in itself, with live music that further contributes to the enchanting atmosphere.
Whether you enjoy a cocktail by the sunset next to the Infinity Pool or a gourmet dinner under the stars at Cielo, the ambience of refined elegance and tranquillity provides the perfect backdrop for romantic evenings, special celebrations, or simply indulging in life's finest pleasures.
"SEARCHING FOR THE PERFECT ESCAPE FROM EVERYDAY LIFE?" DISCOVER THE ROYAL BLUE RESORT & RESIDENCES NESTLED ABOVE THE GULF OF TIVAT. SPECTACULAR VIEWS AND IMPECCABLE SERVICE AWAIT YOU. WHETHER YOU WISH TO INDULGE IN THE BEAUTY OF AN UNTOUCHED MOUNTAIN ENVIRONMENT, TAKE ROMANTIC STROLLS, OR DISCOVER THE ENCHANTING MONTENEGRIN COAST - AT ROYAL BLUE RESORT & RESIDENCES, EXPERIENCE A TRANQUIL RETREAT WITH A DISTINCTIVE ALLURE, NESTLED IN A SERENE AND WHOLESOME SETTING. RESERVE YOUR PARADISE TODAY!
As Royal Blue Resort & Residences continues to grow and develop, exciting new content is expected this winter. Guests will have access to a state-of-the-art gym, a modern conference room with a capacity of up to 88 people, and a luxurious spa centre. These additions will enhance the Resort's offerings, making it not only an ideal vacation spot but also a premier destination for business events and wellness retreats.
Royal Blue Resort & Residences is more than a resort; it is a destination where luxury meets natural beauty and artistic expression, offering an experience that reflects the best of Montenegro's rich culture and stunning landscapes. Whether you seek a tranquil retreat or a base for exploring the wonders of the Adriatic coast, Royal Blue Resort & Residences promises a stay filled with elegance, comfort, and unparalleled beauty.
About Royal Blue Resort & Residences: Located in Kavac, Tivat, Montenegro, Royal Blue Resort & Residences is a top luxury destination offering refined accommodation, exquisite gastronomy, world-renowned facilities, and a dynamic artistic atmosphere. With a stunning view of the Bay of Tivat, the Resort offers an exceptional experience for guests seeking relaxation, adventure, and the best Montenegrin hospitality.
About Cielo Rooftop Bar and Restaurant: Cielo Rooftop Bar and Restaurant is a distinctive culinary establishment at the Royal Blue Resort & Residences. It offers a fusion of Mediterranean and Montenegrin cuisine, complemented by stunning panoramic views of the Adriatic Sea. With its romantic atmosphere, live music, and exceptional service, Cielo is a culinary destination that promises to elevate your dining experience.
For more information or reservations, visit www.royalblueresort.me and www.cielorooftop.me or contact info@royalblueresort.me and reservations@cielorooftop.me
Ana Radinović, Executive Director of "Čelebić
Agrar" Ltd
Eco-minded business is our primary goal
In an interview with “Diplomacy & Commerce Montenegro”, Ana Radinović , the executive director of "Čelebić Agrar" Ltd, discusses how her company implements innovative and sustainable practices in the agricultural sector. Radinović emphasized the significance of adhering to international standards in environmental protection, embracing technological advancements in agriculture, and underscoring the vital role of agricultural producers in addressing global challenges like food safety and sustainability. Our conversation also delved into the pivotal projects undertaken by “Čelebić Agrar”, notably the cultivation of 37,000 olive trees in the Municipality of Kotor, along with forthcoming initiatives to enhance the digitization and automation of production processes.
Mrs. Radinović, one of your company's priorities is implementing international standards in food production and environmental protection. How does our company ensure the integration of industry standards, and what specific measures do you implement to ensure sustainable production and preserve biodiversity in the areas where you operate?
"Čelebić Agrar" commenced operations in 2018 with the initiation of an olive grove cultivation project. This endeavor was initiated after the signing of a lease agreement with the Government of Montenegro for the Vranovići site in the Municipality of Kotor, encompassing a total area of 156 hectares. The comprehensive investment program includes the cultivation of 37,000 olive trees across 125 hectares, alongside the establishment of an olive oil production facility. The projected investment outlay stands at approximately €8,000,000, with approximately €4,500,000 already disbursed. The primary
ANA RADINOVIĆ Executive Director of "Čelebić Agrar" Ltd.
"ČELEBIĆ AGRAR" COMMENCED OPERATIONS IN 2018 WITH THE INITIATION OF AN OLIVE GROVE CULTIVATION PROJECT. THIS ENDEAVOR WAS INITIATED AFTER THE SIGNING OF A LEASE AGREEMENT WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF MONTENEGRO FOR THE VRANOVIĆI SITE IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF KOTOR, ENCOMPASSING A TOTAL AREA OF 156 HECTARES.
objective of this initiative is the reclamation of land previously ravaged by fires, transforming it into a productive agricultural expanse. In 2021, the project successfully completed its first phase, en-
compassing the planting of approximately 13,000 olive trees, installation of advanced irrigation and fertigation systems, drilling of wells for irrigation, construction of an artificial water reservoir, and development
of internal roads. The second phase, completed in 2023, saw the addition of 8,000 olive trees and an upgrade to the irrigation system. The upcoming third phase aims to finalize the olive grove by planting the remaining trees and enhancing the irrigation system. Notably, the olive trees are of the Picual variety from Spain, constituting 80% of the total assortment. This marks the first instance of cultivating the Picual variety in Montenegro, renowned for its piquancy and bitterness, both highly regarded in the organoleptic assessment of olive oil. Alongside the Picual variety, our olive grove features a diverse range of other planted varieties such as Arbequina, Manzanillo Sevillano, and Carlesca. This intentional variety contributes to the richness and diversity of our olive grove, ensuring a robust and well-rounded harvest.
As we approach the final phase of the olive grove project, we are proud to announce that it will encompass 125 hectares of picturesque, undulating terrain. Our commitment to conserving the surrounding natural environment remains unwavering, as we aim to safeguard the rich diversity of flora and fauna indigenous to this region. The presence of partridges, wild rabbits, jackals, and an array of avian species within our plantation attests to the vibrant ecosystem we are nurturing. Furthermore, the remarkable variety of flora further underscores our dedication to preserving the natural habitat. Our profound reverence for nature compels us to maintain its pristine surroundings, fostering its unhindered growth and flourishing.
As mentioned before, we are in the process of establishing an olive oil production facility on the plantation. The design
OUR GOAL IS TO ESTABLISH A SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS FRAMEWORK THAT REDUCES WASTE AND OPTIMIZES THE UTILIZATION OF ALL RESOURCES AT OUR DISPOSAL. BY DOING SO, WE AIM TO PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION WHILE ENHANCING OVERALL BUSINESS EFFICIENCY.
phase for this facility has been successfully concluded, and we are now setting our sights on its construction over the next two years. From the outset of the facility's planning, we have remained steadfast in our commitment to adhering to international standards for food production and environmental preservation, which form the cornerstone of our business. This commitment extends to our adherence to stringent building standards, where we will rigorously uphold best manufacturing practices to guarantee quality and sustainability at every phase of the process. We prioritize compliance with relevant international standards, such as ISO 14001 for environmental protection management and GlobalGAP for good agricultural practices. Adhering to these standards enables us to uphold environmental regulations and maintain high-quality standards throughout our production process. Our focus lies in strategically planning and implementing production technologies that minimize water and energy consumption, as well as effectively utilizing waste from the olive oil production process. To achieve this, we are committed to partially processing olive pomace, the primary by-product of olive oil production. This includes extracting the stone, which possesses high energy value and can be utilized as a fuel for biomass stoves. This approach will enable us to further reduce waste and maximize all available resources, thereby contributing to the sustainability and efficiency of the entire production process.
Since the olives are still young (up to 5 years old), our business is currently focused on the proper growth and development of olive trees for future production and maintenance of olive groves. In the context of sustainability and preserva-
tion of soil and plant health, we strive to minimize the use of pesticides and other agents, using them only when absolutely necessary.
Hence, our primary focus and core company policy revolve around implementing a circular and ecological business model. Our goal is to establish a sustainable business framework that reduces waste and optimizes the utilization of all resources at our disposal. By doing so, we aim to play a significant role in environmental preservation while enhancing overall business efficiency.
The agricultural industry globally relies more and more on innovations such as smart agriculture, automation, and digitization. Does "Čelebić Agrar" plan to introduce these technologies in its projects, and how can they help in achieving higher quality and productivity?
In Montenegro, agricultural producers are increasingly acknowledging the significance of digitalization in the agricultural sector and its profound impact on operations. Over the past few years, several collaborative projects with the EU have been initiated, specifically targeting the implementation of digital solutions in agriculture. This concerted effort aims to facilitate enhanced understanding and utilization of digital technologies within the agricultural domain. Digitalization in agriculture encompasses the integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions to drive advancements in this sector. Numerous start-up ventures and initiatives are dedicated to enhancing business operations through digital innovations, intelligent solutions, and the principles of the circular economy. These endeavors also encompass advancing digital transformation in agri-
culture and the food industry and implementing cutting-edge technologies for precision agriculture, among other initiatives.
"Smart agriculture" is currently being cultivated in Montenegro, leveraging digital technologies like IoT (Internet of Things), sensors, drones, and data processing to optimize production processes and enhance efficiency. These cutting-edge technologies facilitate precise plant health monitoring, resource management, and predictive analysis of requirements, thereby amplifying productivity and minimizing environmental impact.
The integration of the aforementioned agricultural innovations has the potential to significantly enhance our company's standing in the global market, particularly in light of ongoing modernization trends. These cutting-edge technologies not only bolster productivity but also drive down waste and operational expenses, essential components for maintaining
competitiveness and driving business growth. Presently, we are spearheading a modest initiative aimed at automating the plantation's irrigation system, thereby facilitating seamless, automated oversight of the irrigation and nourishment processes for our olive crops. The existing system lacks support for these functionalities; thus, our planned enhancements will pave the way for more efficient and precise resource management.
We acknowledge the global shift towards digitization and modernization of processes and are committed to staying abreast of the latest market developments. In our long-term strategy, we recognize the imperative of embracing digitization and other innovative solutions tailored to the specific requirements of our plantation. These advancements are poised to significantly enhance production processes and plantation monitoring, thereby ensuring heightened efficiency and work quality.
Agriculture is a critical sector that plays a multifaceted role in the development of Montenegro's society and economy. Its economic significance is evident in its substantial contribution to the country's GDP, accounting for over 7.6%. In your assessment, to what degree do you believe the interests of agricultural producers are adequately represented in this year's Agricultural Budget? Does the state sufficiently stimulate the development of this strategic branch of its economy?
Agriculture in Montenegro plays a central and economic development role in social development. Its key contribution to the GDP has the potential to be significantly higher. Therefore, it is necessary to approach it with appropriate seriousness and commitment.
Montenegro offers substantial support to agricultural producers through non-refundable subsidies provided by the Agrobudget and European funds such as the IPA and IPARD programs. These subsidies cover a percentage of the total investment value, fostering the development and modernization of the agricultural sector. They facilitate access to funds aimed at enhancing production. To encourage the participation of young people in agricultural production, additional subsidies have been introduced for young farmers through specific measures.
Although the Agrobudget is diverse and covers all branches
AGRICULTURE IN MONTENEGRO PLAYS A CENTRAL AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ROLE IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. ITS KEY CONTRIBUTION TO THE GDP HAS THE POTENTIAL TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER. THEREFORE, IT IS NECESSARY TO APPROACH IT WITH APPROPRIATE SERIOUSNESS AND COMMITMENT.
of agricultural production, increasing the budget for it can greatly improve it. It is the state that should additionally recognize the importance of agriculture for our country and lay the foundations for the development of this strategic branch, stimulating agricultural producers.
Agricultural producers understand the inherent challenges of engaging in agriculture, organizing production, and ensuring a consistent income, which can be frequently disrupted by unfavorable weather conditions and various other factors. For instance, in the olive growing industry, certain years may yield better results than others, while occasionally, a year may bring minimal income. This scenario underscores the necessity for government support and the development of initiatives to incentivize and bolster farmers' commitment to this vital sector of the economy.
Given its diversity, I believe that many agricultural producers respond to calls through the Agricultural Budget published by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management,
lifestyle. The primary focus is on the fair distribution of food and addressing issues related to poverty and food systems. Regrettably, there is a significant global disparity - while certain nations produce excessive amounts of food, leading to wastage, others struggle to fulfill the basic nutritional requirements of their populace. Surplus food produced globally could be redirected from surplus countries to food-deficient ones, with better organization and more efficient redistribution, helping to meet food needs in poorer regions. Indeed, in addition to ensuring the provision of safe food, it is imperative to prioritize its safety by minimizing the risk of contamination at all stages of production. This necessitates strict adherence to international food quality and safety standards, which serve to safeguard consumer health and maintain trust in the food system.
but a certain number fail to take advantage of this opportunity for various reasons.
As per the available information, numerous producers emphasize challenges such as the rigorous administrative procedures for accessing funds, inflexibility of administration, the necessity to educate fund users, and issues pertaining to initial capital for farming. Addressing these challenges may serve as a starting point for strategic planning within these sectors of the economy.
In recent years, UN reports show that the world's food crisis is growing. Almost 30% of the world's population does not have constant access to food. In the context of this global challenge, how do you see the role of agricultural producers in ensuring sustainable and safe food production?
Food security and food safety are two distinct concepts. Food security always pertains to the consistent availability of an adequate food supply for all individuals. It is imperative to ensure that everyone has access to enough food to maintain a healthy and active
Agricultural producers play a crucial role in ensuring the safety of food production. Their primary challenge lies in meeting the demands of a rapidly growing global population while minimizing adverse environmental effects. This necessitates a commitment to sustainable production, characterized by ongoing investment in technological innovation and the implementation of modern, resource-efficient technologies. Emphasizing waste reduction and heightened productivity, these measures are indispensable in striving for increased food production while concurrently reducing resource consumption, ultimately contributing to the alleviation of world hunger.
Every country should actively promote domestic production to fulfill its internal demands. This approach will minimize reliance on food imports and enhance supply security. The pivotal role of agricultural producers, in collaboration with governmental support and international entities, is paramount in combating the worldwide food crisis. Implementation of sustainable practices and responsible resource management are integral components of strategies aimed at addressing this issue.
Momčilo Otašević, actor
I am proud of Montenegrin film
One of the most wellknown Montenegrin and regional actors, Momčilo Otašević, has built his career on talent, dedication, and a love for acting. His journey takes him from Rome to Cetinje, navigating through political science, architecture, law, and tourism, before ultimately dedicating himself to his first love – acting. Currently living and working between Zagreb and Cetinje, he balances film and theater engagements across the region. In this interview with our magazine, Momčilo reveals details about his professional journey, the challenges in Montenegro's film industry, the importance of culture in social life, and his latest project, the film "Black Trumpet", which has brought him particular fulfillment. He proudly speaks of Montenegrin cinema, the need for greater investment in culture, and the regional co-productions that truly connect people from the former Yugoslavia. Through his work, talent, and commitment, Momčilo has become an
I STILL REMEMBER THAT MONDAY WHEN THE LATE PROFESSOR SANJA GARIĆ READ MY NAME FROM THE LIST OF ACCEPTED STUDENTS. MY HAPPINESS KNEW NO BOUNDS, EVEN THOUGH I HAD ALSO BEEN ACCEPTED INTO ARCHITECTURE JUST A FEW DAYS EARLIER.
essential figure on the regional scene and a genuine advocate for the importance of culture and the arts in society.
Momčilo, before becoming a professional actor, you had very broad and amusing interests when it came to choosing a profession. At 18, you went to Rome to study political science and architecture. You also enrolled in Faculty of Law in Podgorica and tourism at a private university in Corfu. What influenced acting to ultimately prevail?
That’s right! Acting has always been my first love! However, the year I finished high school, there was no open call for new students at the Faculty of Dra-
matic Arts in Cetinje. So, at 18, I went to Rome with my friend Jovana Jovićević. She enrolled in political science and diplomacy at Sapienza University. I didn’t manage to do the same, even though, as a kid, diplomacy sounded interesting to me. I thought being an ambassador would be cool! However, I didn’t even get to the entrance exam for that faculty because I failed the Italian language test! My parents couldn’t believe it when I told them that. At the same time, I was accepted to the Faculty of Law in Podgorica and a private university in Corfu, where I enrolled in tourism. Still, I told my parents that I didn’t want to pursue any of those options. I told them I
wanted to stay in Rome until the next admission period and think about my future. Meanwhile, many of my friends from Montenegro enrolled in architecture, and since that field had always interested me, I started attending lectures with them, even though I wasn’t officially a student! During this time, I delivered newspapers, worked as a bartender or a dog walker... Naturally, I became the main organizer of parties for students from the former Yugoslavia! In the next admission cycle, I applied for architecture and passed the Italian language test! Since I had two months before the next round of exams, I returned home to Cetinje. Upon returning, I ran into Ana Vučković, a longtime friend and now a colleague. When I told her I was going to study architecture, she simply said, "Come on, stop kidding!" She went into her house and came back with the book "Audition – Everything about the Entrance Exam" by Bora Stjepanović. She said, "Prepare two monologues and a song! The entrance exam for the Faculty of Dramatic Arts is in seven days!" I shared this news with my parents and decided to take the entrance exam. The day I stepped onto the stage, the feeling I had when I used to act in amateur plays came rushing back – I forgot about the world, time, place, air... For those 15 minutes, I just acted, enjoying every second, and felt on top of the world! I’m not exaggerating when I say that feeling was similar to seeing your child for the first time. On that stage, I realized I had been avoiding something I shouldn’t have. And I passed the preliminary round at the Faculty of Dramatic Arts! Afterward, in August, I returned to Rome to take the final part of the entrance exam for architecture. The exam lasted five hours. After three hours, I left, packed my bags quickly, and headed back.
MOMČILO OTAŠEVIĆ Actor
The final selection for the Faculty of Dramatic Arts was already underway. Even though I was exhausted from the trip, the moment I stepped onto the stage, that beautiful feeling I had longed for returned. I still remember that Monday when the late professor Sanja Garić read my name from the list of accepted students. My happiness knew no bounds, even though I had also been accepted into architecture just a few days earlier. My parents were thrilled as well, despite the fact that I had chosen Cetinje over Rome! So, in the end, acting won out over all the other choices. Simply put, it was the path meant for me, and I’m still happy I chose it to this day!
Today, you are one of the most popular Montenegrin and regional actors. Across the former Yugoslav territories, you are equally engaged in films, TV series, and theater. How would you comment on the theater and film scene in Montenegro? And how do you assess regional cooperation?
First of all, I’ve always been proud to have studied in my hometown, in Cetinje. I’m equally proud of the numerous projects I’ve worked on in my country, considering the size of Montenegro, its population, and the scale of its productions. Speaking of the theater and film scene in Montenegro, I believe that, on an individual level, we are operating at a very high artistic level. There’s no lack of talent, intelligence, or willpower to succeed here! That said, in my opinion, there are never enough plays and never enough films! Montenegro is not lagging behind anyone, and we don’t need to bow to anyone. However, we need to value ourselves a little more than we currently do. Fortunately, considering the recent history of the former Yugoslav states, things are changing, and regional cooperation is quite strong. In recent years, there have been wonderful co-productions in the region, and I think that’s fantastic! Even better things are yet to come, as we all share the same language, which will lead to even more co-productions. The blending of cultures and peoples in this way is an excellent path to bring our nations closer again. That’s
SPEAKING OF THE THEATER AND FILM SCENE IN MONTENEGRO, I BELIEVE THAT, ON AN INDIVIDUAL LEVEL, WE ARE OPERATING AT A VERY HIGH ARTISTIC LEVEL. THERE’S NO LACK OF TALENT, INTELLIGENCE, OR WILLPOWER TO SUCCEED HERE!
why I see artists from this region as peacemakers. Here, I’ll step back a bit, because I don’t consider myself an artist, at least not until I die. For now, I’m just a craftsman. I don’t like to preach or criticize too much, as I still consider myself too young for that. However, in Montenegro, we’ve had the same systemic issue for decades. I’m not involved in politics, nor do I follow it closely, but it’s a fact that the budget allocated for culture is shockingly low! I appeal for this to change if the decision-makers in Montenegro want us to have any presence on the artistic map! For comparison, an average film in Croatia, through the Croatian Audiovisual Centre (HAVC), gets around 500,000 euros. Meanwhile, in Montenegro, the average budget for a film is 100,000 euros. Given that, I almost feel like saying we’re better than everyone else because we make competitive films with incredibly low budgets! Even though that sounds terrifying in a way, I’ll still, as we say, “go all out” for Montenegrin cinema whenever necessary, and to the end! It’s high time we face the truth and restore culture to its rightful place at the top.
Artists also have their diplomatic mission. How do you see Montenegro’s current position in the world through the lens of culture and the arts? Do you think that your work and the work of your colleagues can contribute to greater recognition of Montenegro’s cultural and artistic heritage on a global level?
Our work is already contributing significantly to the recognition of Montenegro’s cultural and artistic heritage. Many generations of Montenegrin artists have contributed to this in the past, and that must continue in the future! I’m confident that, through the lens of culture and the arts, Montenegro has the quality to offer Europe and the world. I wouldn’t be doing this job if I didn’t believe that. I
will do my best to help with all my knowledge and skill! Even though we are a small system, we are rich in content. Unfortunately, we must again return to the financial resources allocated for culture. As I mentioned, we create quite decent projects with much smaller funds compared to other countries in the region. With more resources, our work would be even better. Everything costs! In the end, the least expensive part is the actors' work. Despite this, I firmly claim that everyone will "go all out" to create the best and highest quality Montenegrin film possible! I know that culture is an area where every cent is worth investing. Wise nations and people have been doing that for centuries! It’s our job, as actors, to work. There’s nothing controversial about that. The job of decision-makers is to create an environment where our
work will have an even greater impact on a larger scale. Believe me, it will pay off for everyone many times over.
It’s clear that culture is a focal point of your interest, and you place it in a "sacred category." Why does culture impress you so much? Can we bring more culture into the general social environment?
I’m glad that’s being noticed! Culture is incredibly important! And I’m not just talking about my profession. I mean the basics: not throwing a can out of your car window, helping an elderly lady cross the street at a pedestrian crossing, not overtaking another vehicle on a solid line, and many other everyday things. These are the basic elements we need to start with before we can even talk about theater or film. As a boy, I remember the biennale that took place in Cetinje, at a time when I was just discovering my love for art. I remember my mother taking me from one palace or park to another whenever there was a cultural or artistic event. The world was in Cetinje!
I KNOW THAT CULTURE IS AN AREA WHERE EVERY CENT IS WORTH INVESTING. WISE NATIONS AND PEOPLE HAVE BEEN DOING THAT FOR CENTURIES! IT’S OUR JOB, AS ACTORS, TO WORK. THERE’S NOTHING CONTROVERSIAL ABOUT THAT.
Even more than 100 years ago! We had an ice rink here, tennis courts, and the first woman in the Balkans to drive a car. After all, the first books in the South Slavic region were printed here. I’ll also mention the series "Budva on the Foam of the Sea", no matter what people think of it. I believe that series was a phenomenal postcard of Montenegro, which hadn’t been seen since the brilliant works of Živko Nikolić. Even I, watching those extraordinary shots from all over Montenegro in the series, thought, "Man… do we really have all of this?" I’ll also remind you of the project to turn the former "Obod" printing house into a film city. It’s sad that the project wasn’t realized. Imagine being able to tell any internationally renowned production that we have four seasons clearly defined. As a result,
you have various colours, important for a cinematographer, that occur during those four seasons. Then there’s the capital, Cetinje, just 15 to 30 minutes away from the sea, mountains, lakes, rivers, plains, Lovćen and Skadar Lake National Parks. Snow, heat, fog, and countless other weather conditions! In our profession, these are incredible resources! Time is everything in this business! For filming, it’s a huge advantage when you have a visually important location nearby. That costs! Unfortunately, the battle for positions in power and "chairs" often blocks culture and its workers. I know that what I’m talking about may sound unrealistic and impossible to an ordinary bureaucrat. But it can be done! For all these reasons, I cannot accept that there is no room for culture in Montenegro. On some subcon-
scious level, I also act out of a desire to restore the lost splendor that the nature of this place deserves to have! When we think about how few of us there are, yet how successful we are in various fields, it’s almost a shame that we aren’t legends in Europe! I believe we can be! We live in an era of general digitalization, where so-called Artificial Intelligence is increasingly taking over. Technology has the power to bring art closer to a broader audience, but there is often criticism that digital formats can diminish the authenticity of the artistic experience. How do you assess the balance between the benefits technology brings to art and the risk of losing the essence of artistic expression?
The essence of artistic expression absolutely must be preserved! Even though modern technology is already widely used, I’m quite shocked when I see the power that Artificial Intelligence has. Now, in five minutes, through AI, you can type out song lyrics, adjust the voice of a well-known performer (like Oliver Dragojević, the band "Perper", etc.), and suddenly create complete chaos with it! You can easily publish news about the release of "such and such" a song and confuse the public! I’m particularly concerned about theater. I’m a huge lover of theater and still believe in it, but I fear how it will continue to exist and function under these circumstances. I don't live under any illusion. High technology has already made its way into our field. I often joke and say it’s an impudence. I believe it has its application here, but boundaries must be set, otherwise art, as we know it, will lose its meaning entirely.
The latest project you worked on is the feature film "Black Trumpet", in which you play the lead role. The film was produced by the company "Cut-Up" Ltd. from Podgorica and was filmed over 20 days in locations in Grahovo and the surrounding area. Can you share some impressions from the set?
I dare say that, for the first time in my life, as far as filming is concerned, I am com -
pletely satisfied with my work and my role in this film! We filmed the movie in June of this year. It’s the debut feature of director Bojan Stijović, based on a script by Stefan Bošković , and produced by Veliša Popović and his production company "Cut-Up". The director of photography was Dušan Grubin . I should mention that Marko Janketić and I play brothers. Alongside us, the cast includes Milica Janevski , Srđan Grahovac , Gorana Dragašević , Strahinja Bubanja, and others. A sad detail from this project is that our dear colleague and great actress Ratka Mugoša passed away just a few days after filming wrapped. Whether it was fate or not, I’ll share a detail from shooting an important scene that involved Ratka and me: while I was off-camera, acting as Ratka’s partner, I literally cried for the entire two hours the shoot lasted, without any particular reason! The director even had to warn me to stop crying when it was my turn. I had the opportunity to perform with her in the play "The Fisherman’s Quarrels"... Overall, I was thrilled with this project even when I first read the script, and I realized it offered a beautiful space for me, as an actor, to be fulfilled and give everything I had, to my very limits. The story is extremely heavy and intriguing. We filmed the entire movie in just 20 days! We filmed both at night and during the day, with many extremely demanding scenes. I surprised myself positively on several occasions! There were no compromises; we worked to the limit of endurance! Despite that, I believe the result will be really, really good! The entire crew, small but carefully chosen, was wonderful! This is Stika’s first film, and finally, after four or five years, I got to make a film in my own country. Because of all this, I was deeply motivated to give my best effort. I have such beautiful emotions connected to this project! I’m proud of the entire team and Montenegrin cinema in general! I can say – I can’t wait for the premiere, which I expect next summer. I’m sure the audience will enjoy it!
Valentina Mitrović, fashion designer and TV host
The world of children’s reality and stellar imagination
Valentina Mitrović, our interlocutor, is a multi-talented young woman who is active in fashion design and hosting. She authored and hosted the popular children’s show “Stars with Valentina." Valentina never stops teaching and inspiring the youngest viewers about the importance of education, positive values, and personal growth. Her show has been an integral component of Montenegrin children’s media content for seven years.
Valentina is well-known for her television success and her work as a fashion designer who makes childrenswear and showcases her designs on the Montenegrin and worldwide fashion stages. Her children’s clothing line, ZVJEZDICE, reflects her commitment to the arts, and she was recently featured in Milan, the world's fashion capital. Valentina has made it her mission in life
to use her platforms as a fashion designer and media mogul to provide a nurturing and engaging world for children, hoping to influence their moral and ethical development.
Valentina, your long tenure as host of the hit kids’ program “Stars with Valentina” has made you well-known to the local public. Why did you decide to focus on children and youth in your media work?
Even though I graduated from the Faculty of Law, I always wanted to use my talent as a children’s show host to create an author’s children’s show. My love for children’s programming began when I was a little girl, and I hosted many shows for kids starting when I was seven years old. For seven years, “Stars with Valentina” has been drawing a large audience of Montenegrin kids as an educational children’s show aimed at raising aware-
ness, building character, and broadening children’s horizons. I was especially motivated by safeguarding children’s best interests, which is recognized as paramount in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Article 13 of the Convention guarantees the freedom to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas of all kinds, which is precisely what Stars aims to do through its content. Children’s safety is a top priority in European media regulations, which aim to promote and monitor the application of various ethical parameters of the information society and audiovisual services offered by new ICTs. We are pushing for more and more field trips accompanied by our young leaders so that they can document society’s diversity and broadcast it in our youth format. I am conscious that my actions profoundly impact the minds of the youngest generation. Since you mentioned that
I’ve been a TV host for 20 years, I’d like to take this opportunity to emphasize the significance of my work in today’s society and the fact that I do my best every day to create a nurturing atmosphere where kids and teens can grow and thrive. Given the pervasive influence of electronic media on our society, keeping a close eye on the material that kids and teens encounter daily is critical. That being said, I can say with pride that the urge to create high-quality children’s entertainment has always existed. I am confident I am on the right track today when I see the profound impact I have on the youngest generation. I will never stop being motivated by the fact that out of 17 general television programs in Montenegro, only around 2% of the entire broadcast content is devoted to children’s programs. This data has not changed during the past three years and is 40% lower than the data from 2019.
It’s not uncommon for children’s television to serve as a valuable resource for learning and growth. But with so much material out there, how do today’s kids and their parents even begin to make sense of it all?
The quantity and quality of media content are increasing rapidly these days. All cultures are influenced by media messages in some way, and the relationship between those who receive and those who create these messages is intricate, dynamic, and full of life. From the very beginning of our lives, even at a very young age, media plays an essential role. Experts and members of the general public are paying close attention to the dynamics between the media and youngsters since they are the most impressionable demographic. Electronic media play an important and constructive role in society’s development, including education, culture, and the arts. However, the public is worried about the possible negative media repercussions. It means that kids will be better equipped to identify sound media effects and avoid bad ones if they are taught to think critically about what they consume. Since it is not easy to determine how harmful a program’s content is, parents play a vital role in their children’s media consumption and development, beginning at an early age when they pick out a cartoon for them and continuing until they begin to make their own decisions and create their own media. We live in the digital age, where information is readily available, which has many benefits and drawbacks, particularly for the youngest members of society.
I fight for the integrity of the children’s content I create daily, using it to advocate for moral principles in Montenegrin media. My goal in creating the children’s show is to support the kids’ personal growth, both emotionally and physically. Proper diet, regular checkups with a doctor, and other measures to maintain a child’s physical health are all part of promoting physical development in children. Because a child’s physical development— their growth—is necessary for their psychological development, we base all of our discussions on the presentation of different sports with the help of medical professionals, dietitians, and
other experts in the field. I am mindful of the fact that fostering a child’s psychological development causes novel patterns of behaviour to emerge, as well as the acquisition of new experiences and the enhancement of existing talents, all of which contribute to the child’s enhanced capacity to function. I do my best to give the kids plenty of chances to meet their basic requirements, learn new things, feel safe, trust in themselves, and make friends.
You have a dual career as a presenter and a fashion designer. You have showcased your creations for children at Montenegro Fashion Week for several years. What sets your design style apart? What are your thoughts on Montenegro's fashion scene? Fashion is art, in my opinion, and I am behind the ZVJEZDICE label. As a child, I had unrestricted access to my mother’s encouragement and guidance as I pursued my artistic interests, which included an early appreciation for fashion design. Today, I can proudly present all my sketches and works that have been developed and showcased during the Montenegrin fashion weeks innumerable times. After being invited to showcase my newest collection of children’s coats at the Milan FASHION WEEK in Italy, I realized that my efforts, ability, and perseverance had paid off. I am riding high after successfully capturing the attention of the fashion capital. With custom-made, instantly recognizable sleeves and the option to incorporate vibrant colours, my design style will turn heads wherever it goes. By fusing seemingly incompatible elements and creating new styles of clothing, I strive to make each collection better than the last. As an art lover, I had to figure out how to engage with children while still expressing my passion. I often stress that the Montenegrin women’s sense of proportion, flair, and elegance captivates me.
The Montenegrin market is tiny yet crowded with international fashion labels. How can domestic designers’ products—including your own—be more widely sold in our home country?
In contrast to many other countries, Montenegro is both small in size and population, yet it pos-
sesses qualities that the majority lack. There are a lot of bold individuals, amazing creators, and pearls. Regarding people and their style, I am constantly looking for excellence. Each of us gets to decide what we put on and wear. My models will soon be available in Italy and, of course, in Montenegro, so I will keep working and creating. I am confident that local designers will be more prominent in our fashion industry and that all works of art will eventually find their rightful owners.
What do you think, in what way do children who come from diplomatic families and, due to circumstances, stay in Montenegro develop and grow up?
The development of children from diplomatic families who have the opportunity to be educated in Montenegro is at a very high level due to different methods and approaches towards children, which incorporate various cultures, nations, and religions. The aim of every curricular and extracurricular activity is to ensure that everything is accompanied by tolerance and knowledge.
Montenegro, as a country, has a significant responsibility through its education system to provide children from diplomatic families with a broad education and prepare them for life in another part of the world.
This is why international learning is crucial, meaning that they must learn broadly about the entire world, not just about Montenegro.
According to statistical data, a local child who finishes high school here usually stays in Montenegro, while children from abroad go on to study at various universities around the world. Therefore, the aim is to apply global systems in local schools, which requires good leaders who are ready to embrace major changes, and all of this requires significant investment. Change takes time. Through educational content that goes beyond the school curriculum, we strive to ensure that all children learn something new and that children from diplomatic families feel warmth in our school, "Zvjezdice." We can be of help, and we are here to make a difference for Montenegro and all the children in it.
VALENTINA MITROVIĆ Fashion designer and TV host
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Hyatt’s launch of new conference and function facilities elevates the Montenegro event venues portfolio featuring the largest ballroom in the Kotor Bay area
Hyatt Regency Kotor Bay Resort is weeks away from unveiling its latest development to the resort facilities since the opening with the conference hall and meeting spaces that promises a new era for events in Kotor Bay and Montenegro.
The new addition to the resort will bring the venue capacities to over a thousand square meters of flexible event space in various conference and meeting halls and rooms, offering versatile possibilities for organization of functions of up to 500 people, additional to the seasonal alfresco settings and the existent restaurant and lounge capacities. Over half of the new meeting and event space belongs to the elegantly dividable exquisitely designed grand ballroom, making it the largest in Kotor Bay area.
Multipurpose meeting and event spaces with possibilities of hybrid events and business and pleasure schedules are key for innovation and creativity, enhancing corporate events, budget meetings and fostering of corporate culture and teamwork.
The 252 room and suite resort that encompasses a marina, spa center with indoor pool, and Vrmac Health and Wellbeing Center is ideal for occasions and celebrations that create unforgettable memories and remarkable events led by the event team which focuses on impeccable organization within customizable environments. From gourmet menus to technologically advanced equipment, breathtaking views and surroundings, unparalleled event facilities, one-stop-shop versatile venue services and crafting of bespoke destination excursions and trips that promote exploration of renowned local historical and cultural spots allows for provision of exceptional and memorable meeting and event experiences.
The resort will emerge as one of the largest multipurpose conference and event venues in Montenegro. Continued diversification of the hospitality offer has been and is a standing goal, and with the destination uniqueness and proximity to an international airport and easy access by road or sea, the resort upgrade ensures the hosting of more major and personalized events in one of the most beautiful regions of the Adriatic.
