STUDIO AIR 2018 SEMSTER 1 TUTOR: ALLAN BURROWS STUDENT:PINGRONG CHEN
Content PART A CONCEPTUALISATION A.0 INTRODUCTION A.1 DESIGN FUTURING A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION A.3 COMPOSITION/GENERATION A.4 CONCLUSION A.5 LEARNING OUTCOMES A.6 APPENDIX FOR PART
PART B CRITERIA DESIGN
B.1 RESERCHFILED B.2 CASE STUDY 1.0 B.3 CASE STUDY 2.0 B.4 THECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT B.5 TECHNIQUE PROTOTYOES B.6 TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL B.7 LEARINING OBJECTIVE & OUTCOME B.8 APPENDIX FOR PART B
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PART C DETAIL DESIGN
C.1 DESIGN CONCEPT C.2 TECTONIC PROTOTYE & ELEMENT C.3 FINAL DETAIL MODEL C.4 LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
REFERENCE
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A.0 INTRUDUCTION
My name is Pingrong Chen, I’m a third-year architecture student in University
of Melbourne. By taking digital design fabrication in year two, I have basic knowledge about digital design and knowing the benefits that digital design has brought to the field of design. By coming to studio air, I found that the digital design has greater potential than what I thought it was. The rhino was the digital tool that was taught in that class. I am looking forwards of learning grasshopper and pushing deeper to the digital design world.
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A.1 DESIGN FUTURING Architecture is a representation of human behaviour and lifestyle, and it also defines the perception of the material world. However, there is big concern suggest by Fry, that we are in the condition of defuturing unsustainable. It’s 13important that architect design works on the field of social, material, nature as well as take role to guiding or influence the people’s way of thing.
As suggest by Fry, the ideology and mindset should be changed instead of only changing the design technique. there is no doubt that advanced technology will provide more potentials and possibilities during the design process as well as contributed to the sustainable world. It’s14also important to have critical design that delivery message to the community at the time of trying to provide solution to the contemporize issue.
CASE STUDY 1.1 The Cooper Union for the advancement of Science and Art is one of the renowned architects designed by Morphosis Architects in 2006. The design is aimed to show culture features of 15 the city as well as the vibrancy of the institution city. The orgin of the institution is aiming to provide open, accessible and free education, and this spirit is well presented in the design of the building by having the institution be open to the city symbolically. This is achieved by visual transparencies giving by transparent facade and used of the public space to connect the institution to the urban context physically and socially. This is a sustainable green building and becoming the first academic laboratory building in New York that has LEED-certified.
The skin of the building composed of perforated stainless steel to reduced heat during summer time and keep warm at winter time. HVAC is an innovative technology used to increase energy efficiency. 75% of the building is designed to be fill by the nature light. The building is also consisting of cogeneration plant which will recover the waste heat and provides additional power to the building, Additional to that the green roof also function as part of heat insulation. The Cooper Union for the advancement of Science and Art becomes an important intellectual and cultural centre for the New York. This is contributed both the connectivity of the institution to the city as well as the sustainable features used in this building.
1. Tony Fry, Design Futuring (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2008), pp. 12. 2. Tony Fry, Design Futuring (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2008), pp. 16. 3.”The Cooper Union For The Advancement Of Science And Art / Morphosis Architects”, Archdaily, 2018 <https://www. archdaily.com/40471/the-cooper-union-for-the-advancement-of-science-and-art-morphosis-architects> [Accessed 16 March 2018].
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Figure 1: The interior of Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art
Figure 2: The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art
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CASE STUDY 1.2
Robin Hood Garden is design by Alison and Peter Smithson in 1972. It’s a social housing complex in London. This building complex is built in post- war Britain at the time of residential apartment were being built as symbol of progress after the war. It’s a project that contributed to leading figure of social housing with dense population. The design of this project is a responding to post war era when economical and time efficient project been needed. As post war architects, Smithson is promoting of low cost with the material that is easily get and each project is design according to its function and location. The Robin Hood Garden is built in Brutal style with precast concrete.
This is an influential project that influence on many people. As one of the famous architect, Zaha Hadid seen this project as her favorite. She sees them as first architects of the twentieth century Britain who make an significant architecture discourse, it is known as one of the outstanding example of the post war architecture in Britain. In her opinion that she will let her student to study this project, and to experience the light and space of the design which means the expansion of the influence of this project will expand to further generation. And this project is contributing to her own design work as well as understanding of the architecture.
Smithson was trying to improve people’s live through design. There is garden with rising hill that made of remnant form the construction, this eventually become a communal space which is essential part the design complex. The concept of “streets in the sky” an example of Smithson’s social intension. There is a wide balcony projecting off toward center of site and overlooking to the garden. Those balconies are creating to form new neighborhood street for these housing unit. The Robin Hood Garden has demonstrated the Smithson’s view of a new form of social housing. It’s important project of British architectural history as well as monument of British modernism. Smithson and Alison are important figure of changing direction of architecture design in 50s and 60s. It was a radical design that instigate change. The term ‘ The New Brutalism’ was a term that adapted by them in 1954.
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Figure 3: Robin Hood Garden
Figure 4: Public area of Robin Hood Garden 9
A.2 DESIGN COMPUTATION There is no doubt that the computer is superb analytical engines by its nature. Follow the development of the technology in industrial age, the computation is used as a tool to help designer to enhance n their design. The advanced computeraided design (CAD) and computer aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies has started to impact on the building construction and design for a few years.13
They have push the designing field further and providing more opportunities by producing complex form. With development of technology, computation has play an important role in the designing field. Computation technology can be using to determine the material behaviour that designer donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t know or difficult to model with traditional designing tool, it tries exploring the potential of the material technology in the design field.
Figure 5: CD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010
5.. Rivka Oxman and Robert Oxman, Theories Of The Digital In Architecture (London: Routledge, 2014), pp. 1-10.
CASE STUDY 2.1 As example ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 which is institute for computational design. The computational design model is produced according to the embedding behaviour features of material in parametric principle. The entire project is made of bending plywood strips, the elasticity of the plywood played an important role in this project. During the computation process, the characteristic and behaviour of the plywood are tested and analysed,and the form will be gener-
ated based on the collected information. (figure5 )The computational design also locates the best connection point on the plywood strip. The project consists of 80 different pattern of strip that consist of over 500 unique geometric parts. Those parts are manufactured by robot as planar element and easily assemble on the site rely on the bending force of the plywood. Without computation process, the material property of the plywood would not be maximised.
Figure 5: CD/ITKE Research Pavilion analysis diagram
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CASE STUDY 2.2
The contemporary digital architectures are trying to change form the traditional way of design, bypass the aesthetics or convention of style and looking forwards to a brand-new way of thinking to experiment with digital generation and transformation of form that echoed to complex contextual. Parametric is one of the contemporize computation method. It gave powerful notion of architectural form by pictured multiple possibilities and having variable process instead of stable. The international Terminal at Waterloo station design by Nicolas Grimshaw in London is one of the example that gives clear evidence of parametric approach benefits on both develop- ment and conceptual of the design
and construction process. The building is composing of 400m long train shed that cladding with glass. The shed has â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;tapering span narrowed from 50 to 35 meters. The narrow sinuous plan is design to suite complex geometry and the track layout of the site. The spectacular roof structure of the shed is composed by 36 same configured three-pin bowstring arches in different dimensions. (Figure 7 ) Since the geometry of the platform is asymmetrical, the arches of the roof go steeper on one side and shallower on another side.Each arch will be different depending on the altering of the width of the roof changes along the rack.
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Figure 6: The international Terminal at Waterloo station
6. Branko Kolarevic, Architecture In The Digital Age (New York: Taylor & Francis, 2003), pp. 7. Branko Kolarevic, Architecture In The Digital Age (New York: Taylor & Francis, 2003), pp. 3-62
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The parametric model of the design was made according to the design curvature and the size of the span of each arch were replayed. This is more efficient method than modelling them separately. Additional to this, the parametric model is can also extend to show the connection elements of each arches. In another word, the parametric method can model complex hierarchy of interdependence that gives iterative refinement such dimensional fine turning of the project in all steps of its development from design to construction. As result, this project has clearly shown that the parametric are very useful in term of giving complex outcome of the design.
As different to the pass history, the aarchitect didnot start the design with define specific shape of the building, but instead they coded a series of principles into a sequence of parametric equations. Through these sequence of parametric equations, specific case of the design can be generated. Parametric design is promoting of experiment and exploring the infinite potential throughout the design with rejection of the fixed solutions.
Figure 7. 36 dimensionally different but identical configurration
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A.3 COMPOSITION/GENERATION The experimenting with computation simulation is commonly used today, its method that used to simulate the performance of the design project, and 13 to incorporate with analyzing of the performance, knowledge about the tectonic, material and parameter production machinery in their design .The simulation tools gives early predict of the outcome of the design, allowing designer to obtain the best outcome in a more efficient and economical way. There are new designing opportunities been created by having the performance feedback given by those computation tool in various steps in architecture project.
CASE STUDY 3.1 ICD/ITKE research pavilion in 2012 is one of the example that demonstrate the generative design. In this research project, the experiment of biomimetic structure has taking place by using the algorithm aided design method. This is research pavilion is composite of glass and carbon fiber and entirely fabricated robotically. This project is inspired by the material and morphological principles of arthropod’s exoskeletons, they use14 this as starting point of exploration of a new method of architecture construction.
Figure 7: analysis diagram of ICD/ITKE Pavillion 2012
The most important aspect of this research project was to transfer the fibrous morphology of the biological role model into a fiberreinforced composite material. By using form generation method to obtain the shape of the pavilion, simulations in computation process to test various form as well as robotic manufacturing, those three step of design process is allowing the production of a highperformance structure. As result, the research pavilion is only required a shell that consist of 4mm thickness of composite laminate with 8m spanning.
8. Brady Peters and Xavier De Kestelier, Computation Works (London: The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences), pp. 11,12. 9. “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http:// icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=8807> [Accessed 16 March 2018].
Figure 8: ICD/ITKE Pavillion 2012
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CASE STUDY 3.2 The Foundation Louis Vuitton Museum in Paris was designed by famous architect Frank Gehry. This case study has demonstrated the transform form the beginning of composition to generation. It has complex form that consist of multiple platform. To get to the result, the computation generation and simulation had played an important role in 13 this process.
In the process of construction of this project, the simulation tool was used to produce a model of his complex design outcome. The parametric scripting driven by the system constraints was using to obtain the information of the building model of enclosure and the structural system. The obtained model information was then carried for fabrication of the project.
In the process of construction of this project, the simulation tool was used to produce a model of his complex design outcome.
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11. Brady Peters and Xavier De Kestelier, Computation Works (London: The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences), pp. 13
In conclusion, The computation generation gives early prediction of the outcome, allowing the changes to be made in the parametric model by simply changing the parameters, this is one of the biggest benefits that generative design gives, at the same time, it also contributed to material efficient.
Figure 9: The Foundation Louis Vuitton Museum 1717
A.4 CONCLUSION
The computation is an essential tool in term of designing in future design field. It helps designer to explore the nature of design, as well as exploring deeper in the material properties that hardly to be identified in the past. The computation is new way of thing and new approach in term of design compare to the past.
The generation of benefits of computation also give more efficient and best out it could possibly be. However, the unsustainable is a big issue that designer cannot ignore, human behaviour are the main cause of defeaturing unsustainability. Sustainable world is essential for design future.
A.5 LEARNING OUTCOME By leaning from the reading, knowing that the Both creativity and rational design are essential during the designing process. The computer in their nature, they can follow the program that ben given to the result. However, the computers are lacking creativity, this is what designers need to provide. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s also important that a well define strategy is one of the essential part to obtain the best effect form the parametric design.
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A.6. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches
By using grasshopper, they often give you an outcome that is not expect, and surprise you. The complex outcome been given is not always the best designer, however itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a way that gives you a result that you might not thought of.
By showing those sketches I would like to address that by simmilar parameter that you enter, and only altering one or two progaming, the entire model been given can be significantly different.
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B.1 RESECH FIELD
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B.1 RESECH FIELD This part of the journal investigated the research field of Strip and Folding. The Strip and Folding is known as the computation design technique. It can be used to transform a single flat surface into a large geometric volume. Both strip and folding are very important elements in the architecture design filed. In fact, that the folding technique was an important part in the history of architecture. As discuss by the architecture historian Deleuze, the element of folding is endlessly producing operative, and the folding had played and Important roll in Baroque design as points of inflection, elastic point and transformations are all important components in Baroque mathematics.11
With development of computation nowadays, there are increase of architects as well as university research group are investigated those computation design. The complicity of the strip and folding also gives fluidity and dynamism feeling which can be used to play with the light and shadow. The strip and folding are often used in facade which produced lighting effected under the sun such as the sculptural facade in 10 Hills Place designed by Amanda Levete Architects. This project is located at narrow street, there are four glazed slashed in the aluminium surfaces for the penetration of the light into the building. This is eventually formed by four curved strips in the surface. 2
Figure 10: 10 Hills place
12.. Deleuze.G.1993.’ The Fold : Lebni and The Baroque; 1-6 13.. Rose Etherington, “10 Hills Place By Amanda Levete Architects | Dezeen”, Dezeen, 2018 <https://www.dezeen.com/2009/09/10/10-hillsplace-by-amanda-levete-architects/> [Accessed 18 April 2018].
Loop 3 design by Co-de-it is another example of strip, it ‘s composed by numbers of strip to forme the unique curvature form. the strips are forming three loops and merge together to the centre of the design. There is timber structure inside to support the strip to become a stabilised project. 3
Figure 11: Loop 3 The Archipelago Parametrically designed pavilion is designed by Chalmers University of Technology. The aluminium strip was the main component of this project. To fold the aluminium strip, cease was created, and strip are joined together with saw tooth joints. 4
Figure 12: The Archipelago Parametrically Designed Pavillion
There is no doubt that the computation tool is increasing the complexity of the design outcome. The properties and amount of the strip and folding can be controlled by the parameters in the grasshopper to produced wanted product, however it can surprise people with an unexpected produced. But on another hand, the computation tool also makes fabrication easier, this can be achieved by converting design in to smaller component which can be orderly manufacturing the component as well as construction on site. more importantly, the material constrain can be test prior to the construction, the simulation of the material gives a more efficient and economical way of the construction. 14. ”Loop_3”, Co-De-It.Com, 2018 <http://www.co-de-it.com/wordpress/loop_3.html> [Accessed 18 April 2018]. 15. Lidija Grozdanic, “Archipelago Parametrically Designed Pavilion - Evolo | Architecture Magazine”, Evolo.Us, 2018 <http:// www.evolo.us/architecture/archipelago-parametrically-designed-pavilion/> [Accessed 18 April 2018].
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B.2 CASE STUDY 1.0
Figure 13: Seroussi Pavillion
The Seroussi pavilion is designed by Biothing in Paris at 2007. the structure of it is formed by self-modifying patterns of Vectors based on Electromagnetic Field. The pattern of the vectors is based on the logic of attraction and repulsion of the electric field. After the vector lines set out in plan in early computation design, then the plan was lifted by using sine graph mapper to create the volume. By having sine-wave functions driving the parametric differentiation of orientation and the size of the aperture is producing light/shading and the program of views.5 16. â&#x20AC;?Seroussi Pavilion |Biothing - Arch2o.Comâ&#x20AC;?, Arch2o.Com, 2018 <https://www.arch2o.com/seroussi-pavilion-biothing/> [Accessed 19 April 2018].
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Itera 1
2
3
4
Manipulation of number of circle (nc), the radius of the circle(r) , amount (nf) and length (lf) of field line. nc=20 r=0.05 nf=24 lf=100
nc=20 r=1 nf=40 lf=100
nc=20 r=1 nf=10 lf=300
nc=10 r=1 nf=5 lf=500
Adding the different number of spinforce (ns) as well as altering the numbers of circle and field line as well as length of the field line.
Bezier
Conic
Gaussian
linea
nc=5 nf=24 lf=100 ns=0
nc=20 nf=5 ns=2 lf=500
nc=20 nf=5 ns=4 lf=500
nc=2 nf=10 ns=4 lf=500
nc=10 nf=10 ns=5 lf=500
nc=5 r=0.05 nf=24 lf=100
Specie
Manipulating the graph mapper to altering the the volume and the form of teh structure.
Rectangle parameter is added to the script inorder to add thickless to the line. This species is mainly focus on movement of x and y unit in the plan and few alteration of numbers
x=0.3 y=1
x=0.7 y=1 number of field line decrese to 10
x=1 y=1
x=5.6 y=1
ations 5
6
nc=5 r=5 nf=5 lf=1000
nc=20 r=3 nf=2 lf=200
nc=9 r=2 nf=10 lf=600
Sine
Square Root
Sine Simulation
nc=5 nf=10 ns=9 lf=500
nc=1 nf=100 ns=9 lf=1000
nc=1 nf=10 ns=9 lf=1000
x=5.6 y=5
x=10 y=5
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x=20 y=5 number of circle increase from 5 to 10
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nc=5 nf=10 ns=9 lf=1000
20 spin force plane was add to the script to see the 27 final effct.
Design Expression : Fludity This iteration gives the fluidity and dynamic feeling, the unexpected curvature given by the grasshopper give a sense of softness. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s also expression of the movement and expect it to be well performance under lights.
Aesthetic There is always argument between the aesthetic and the functionally, and I believe that both theme are very important for people. This iteration is generate by conic graph mapper, and the shape of the outcome has given me an inspiration of the ceiling decoration.
Fabrication Fabrication is one of the important part of the design process, an well fabrication can be evaluated by the efficiency and economically. This iteration has it complicity and has potential to be unroll into pieces which can be cut out by machine and assemble it on site. However this iteration is lacking the spatial arrangement, it can be used as construction of the small pavilion if the part of it been hollowed as well as it can be constructed as a sculpture
Spatial arrangement Most of my iteration is seems to be hard to accommodating object without substitute part of it. The space and the volume given by this iteration is the best one out of all. Also it has flexibility that each small component can be move around .
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B.3 CASE STUDY 2.0
Figure 15. Material performence of ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010
Figure 14: ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010
Steps of Reverse Engineering
Step 1: Draw a circle with divided point and set filed line around it
Step 2. Divide the field line into points and connect with parabola graph mapper which is used to control the curvature
Step 3. Get the most suitableSte curvature out form the graph se mapper and join the point indis to curve pa
17. ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Constructionâ&#x20AC;?, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttg 18. ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Constructionâ&#x20AC;?, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttg
The ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 is an temporary research pavilion designed by the institute for computation Design and the institute of building structure and structural design. In contrast to the conventional architectural design which the material is considered after design, this pavilion is structured to demonstrate material -oriented computational design. Simulation was take in place to maximizing the material behavior. As an successful outcome, this pavilion is contracted by extremely thin plywood strip in bent form. The material property - elasticity of the plywood is the essential part of this design . Bending wood sound incredibly impossible, however the team wants to overcome the difficulties and investigate the proper behavior of the plywood through design parameter to found appropriate form for the pavilion as well as creating bending active system that merges skin.5 There is no doubt that this is an successful project, and this can be proven by the master of the material property of the plywood, and use the founding to produce an physical model that is same as the design model. Additional to that, by using parametric design, they saving the amount of the material will be wasting in the conventional physical testing of the material property. The fabrication purpose was efficient and economical since all the materials with the join point are cut out precisely by robotic fabrication and can be easily assemble it on the site. This figure below is representation of FEM simulation of the elastic bending strips and resultant force equilibrium of form, and it can be clearly seen that this is same as the pavilion been made as shown in figureâ&#x20AC;Ś. Finally, the convex and the concave shapes gives an rich interior of the this pavilion, in another word this is not only function research pavilion, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s also achieved the aesthetically interesting project, 6
ep 4. Divide the curve into egment once again and o spatch the true and false attern to create two set of point
gart.de/?p=4458> [Accessed 18April 2018]. gart.de/?p=4458> [Accessed 21 April 2018].
Step 5. Connecting the point with curve, and connecting to the parabola graph mapper and adjusting the curvature
 Step 6. Rotate and loft two set of the curve separate to form the final outcome
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B.3 CASE STUDY 2.0
CIRCLE
DIVEDE CRV
FIELD LINE
CURVE
DIVIDE
INTCRV
DIVI CRV
Comparasion
the reverse engineer that I create is similar to the actual pavillion in the way that both product consist o volume and spce with the the orginal model. however I didn’t made the connection point and the the additional to this, the base that I made is flat, but The original consist of opening which is I can’t get it o
Figure 16: ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010
IDEV
POINT
DIVIDE RANGE
DISPATCH POINT
GM
A*B
UNIT Z
MOVE
ROTATE
Loft
INTERCURVE
DIVIDE
of the two sets of the strip that is intersection with one another. I create a similar e intersection point of my model is not as smooth as the original model is . out through grasshopper.
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B.4 TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT To start with simpler product, one set of the structure was deleted. shift parameter is added to alter the direction of the curve runs. Both true and false pattern has been tested. number of the filed line was alter to produced design out come. However this set of the design seems to be failue since the lines cant not be joined to after baking, for the last iteration I try to alter the starting point of the script and which gives an better result,
The starting point of the script was changed, instead of the field line, three circle were draw at different height to creat the the sturucture. as shown in the diagram below. shift parameter is added to alter the direction of the curve runs. number of the divide curve is alterd for making iterations.
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For this series of the iteration, different graphmapper has use to alter the differences. The founding of this series of iteration is that during the maniputation of the curveature of the graph mapper, sim withh different grahmapper.
For this series of the iteration, the various point was set for the spinforce to be add on to the design. compare to set of the parameter is harder to control with where the strip is going to spread out, this maybe due to the line is
mmilar result can be obtain even
This serie of iteration is simplely played around with the radius of teh circle, numbers of the strip as well as length of the strip on the base of Brezie graph mapper. r.
o the spinforce iteration in B2, this thickening .
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Design Expression : Fludity THis is iteration is only consist of 10 strip, by using shift, it create moment of fludity and dynamicsm. It can be use as the structure frame of the pavillion.
Aesthetic Tthis is an smooth iteration and can be use as an decorative piece of furniture and incorporate with my future design to replaced ordinary furniture in the designing project.
Fabrication This iteration can be easily constructed with rannge of material. as precedent of ICD reserch pavillion, this can be simplly created by the plywood, metal sheets can also be used in this pavillion.
Spatial arrangement The space between two strip can be use as opening , and the hole in the middle can also allowing for the penetrating of light in to the pavillion. once again teh strips can be use to play with the lighting and shadows.
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B.5 TECHNIQUE PROTOTYPES
Prototype1
Prototype 2
Prototype 3
Fluidity and dynam of the porotype is The paper does ha doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have stren
The second attem can join together. to be cut by knife
The third prototyp connection point
Lastly, the polystyr privacy as allowin
For the strip and fo method , and the economical fabric
Model Making
polystyrene under bending moment
polystyrene under twisting moment
mic is one of my selected criteria, so that the material that I Choose will need to be flexible. The first attempt made by cutting hard paper in to strip and cut the opening in the middle of the strip for the connection. as its flexibility to form curvature however it is lacking with the strength that it might break anytime. And it ngth to perform as structure member .
mpt that we made is using the material of polystyrene, it’s flexible and has strength when numbers of them . Due to the time consuming we only able to used handmade prototype, and the polystyrene is too thick e, therefor I used hot glue gun to join them together.
pe that we made is trying to bend the strip of polystyrene and connect it to the ground, we didn’t use any in this prototype, but it’s a simulation of what we might be able to achieve in the future design.
rene comes with both book and clear color, there mix use of the both those material can be help with gain ng lights penetrating in to the project.
olding construction, the sequence is better if it’s all the relevant joint and located in the computation e material can be easily cut by the machine such as laser cut or CNC, in order to get the most efficient and cation
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B.6 TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL
We want to design an most comfortable space for our client who is a writer. With design prosthetic to the night shift house. We made discussion with group, we deciding that we are going to combine the strips , patterning as well as geometry in to our design. Those three technique has itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s similarity in the way that strip can be arrange in the pattern as well as the geometry. The patterning is well performed for an surface and the geometry and the strip can become part of the structure component. There is an patterning wall on the balcony that will producing shade as well as providing privacy. The curve branch growing from the floor to the ceiling is center pieced of the design. By using soft and dynamic curve intersecting each another, we trying to generate an relaxing environment allowing our client to get more inspiration. The curvature of the branch and be done by strip and folding technique which is relevant to iteration that I had shown below. The branch is growing up to the ceiling, and the patterning that we want to create to act as the insulation since there are more daytime activity. However we failure to add pattern and strip as one pieces in our design, as well as make a pattern bookshelves for our client. With further development of the computation technique, we might be able to overcome it.
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B.7 LEARNING OBJECTIVE & OUTCOM
After half semester of learning, I think I have better understanding of the computational design. By using gra the strip and folding, I actually give me more depth knowledge of using computation technique in real field know that the computation method is not only use to produce those complex form, and it can actually use t construction process.
Both creating iteration and reverse engineering is helpful in term of developing my skill of use grasshopper. H together, for example, in our design, we have difficulties to put patterning on the strip and folding.
B.8 APPENDIX
By doing the reverse engineering though the project, I notice that there are variety way of getting to the end product. By changing the beginning part of my script it gives a similar form and the new script can be better fitting with another parameter which is the shift in this case.
ME
asshopper , it always surprise me with the naturally flow outcomes. By investigating of design. And it does give more chance to explore the material properties . And I to speed up the design processes, reduce the chance of making mistake during the
However, I found it hard of combine two different technique and combine them
Spin force is the one for the main technique that that I get this time, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hard to control the direction of the where the field is going to spread, it works so well in plan and creating smooth curvature. Different length can also give different feeling . The long length strip will always warping together and form a surface.
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PART C- DETAIL DESIGN The design will be finalised in this section, and step into the process of frabrication. The image below shows the full process of the procedures taking place in this section. By responding to the brief, client will be analysis , and reserach will be done to understand the need from the client.
Reflection
Deepen the understanding of brief
Cilent
Techniques
Collect all the privious work
Frabrication
Prototype making
Research
T
After finalised the concept, techniques deisgn will take place. The Technique and Fabrication is always corresponding to eacg other, by testing the prototype, the improvement can be done by althering the defenition in grasshopper and repeat the process agagin .
Site Analysis
Iteration
Site Vist
Concept Develope
light control
Combine and Inergrate
Technique developmenet
Test
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C.1 DESIGN CONCEPT Reflection from the Inteerim Presentation As the reflection of the feedback from the tutor and guest critics, there are few changes need to be made. Firstly, more iteration should be done to be tested, compared to get the best result. Secondly, we need to reflect the brief and design objectives constantly, to make sure our design iteration fit the content. Thirdly, more prototype needs to be done by using the proper technique such as 3D Print, Laser Cut, CNC Milling rather than simply hand cut and use glue to assemble them.
BRIEF The brief of our final project is to analysis Better Design Standard Apartment and design a prosthetic for Nightshift House.
Better Standard apartment The Better standard apartment is introduced in March 2017 to amend previous planning schemes in Victoria. It’s government’s reform to create a higher standard of development. All new apartment must offer daylight, storage, ventilation and minimal noise. Those regulations are effective and brought up many benefits for the residents, however, due to those regulations, all new apartment looks similar, and all the changed are only base on the general 15 lifestyle that people have. As an example, people that with shift work were oblivion in this scheme. The window location and layout shown in this diagram is only based on people who have activities during daytime. For the shift worker, they would be sleep during the day, and those views and sunlight will be the distribution for them instead of the benefit.
Figure 17: The window location and layout
Prosthesis The prosthesis is an artificial body part. In the medical field, Prosthesis is used to substitute or replacement of the body part such as leg and arm in order to help disabled people to have normal function of the missing part. In architecture point of view, we would like to add prosthesis on to the apartment to make it unique and give the function that is needed for our client. 15. “Better Apartments”, Planning, 2018 <https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/policy-and-strategy/planning-reform/better-apartments> [Accessed 5 June 2018].anage-20170811-gxu5nb.html> [Accessed 5 June 2018].
Clients stay at home and work throughout the night, from the interim presentation feedback, we realised that actually most of the shift worker would be out for work at night. With further research we found out there are around 204,400 Australian s are regularly worked at night released by Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2015. This has proven that there are many people in our 16 society that have a different lifestyle and needs something different from our standard apartment. After careful consideration, we set our client as speech based-Audio presenter who is typical shift worker that works regularly at night from Monday to Friday. She needs to constantly focus, listening to the listener and engaged in the conversation. The live radio will runs from 1-7 am, and arrived 1.5 hours before the show. She will get home at 8 am and went to bed straight away and sleep till afternoon. As all the shift worker, they tend to be more tired compare to standard shift workers. Thus well-sleeping quality is the essential part of her need.
Design Cocept We aim to use the added prosthesis to apartment suit in order to establish a most comfortable environment for our clients to have well rested during the day. The main focus is using the prosthesis to altering the lighting environment in the apartment. We are looked into the simulation of the soft moonlight by using the rough surface as diffusor to soften the strength of the light. since the sleeping environment that we had during the night are not completely in dark, therefore the small portion of the light will penetrate into the room. The concept has shown in the diagram below
100% of the sunlight is refelct several time in our prosthesis block, and left 30% of the softer light gets in to the apartment.
The prothesis is design in an angel so that the strong noon light can be reflect away.
16. â&#x20AC;&#x153;More Australians Are Working Night Shifts, So How Do They Manage?â&#x20AC;?, Canberra Times, 2018 <https://www.canberratimes. com.au/national/act/more-australians-are-working-night-shifts-so-how-do-they-manage-20170811-gxu5nb.html>
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Site The site is located at Merri Creek, during the site visit, four potential location has been chosen. After analysis, location four is chosen to be the final site that apartment will be located at due to it has higher rating compared to the rest.
吀攀洀瀀攀爀愀琀甀爀攀 䌀漀渀琀爀漀氀
According to brief, the designed prosthesis is located in the analysed Better Design Standard Apartment, there for the apartment itself is also becoming the site of this design.
The diagram on the left is the analysis of the movement of the clients within the apartment. The bigger the arrow, the more activities will be taking place in that area. As shown in the diagram, the bedroom will be the space that client stays in when she is home. She will be spending most of her time sleeping in the bedroom during the day, hence the focus of the design will be the bedroom. The diagram below shows the sun path that will penetrate into the apartment without prosthesis added on. The diagram on the left shows the sun path during the summertime, while the diagram on the right demonstrates the sun path during the winter time. As shown in the diagram, during the winter time, there will be more sunlight can penetrate into the apartment due to the height of the sun is lower than the sun in the summer, therefore, the issue of the winter sunlight will be taking into more consideration, when the prosthesis works during the winter, it will eventually work during the summer timer. This diagram shows the direction of the sun that penetrate into the aprtment.
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Design Iterations Two iterations have been designed base on the concept. This is the iteration one, the panel in between the frame can be rotated. The angel of the rotation as well as the amount of the panel that is rotated can be controlled by the definition in grasshopper. By altering the flexible panel, the amount of the light that penetrates into the bedroom can be controlled.
Different angle, as well as the location of the turning plate, has been manipulated.
This is the second iteration, this iteration consists of multiple blocks in different length and direction. The light can penetrate into those block and diffused to form softer lighting.
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C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototypes
This is the prototype for the first iteration. Laser cutting was used to cut the element of the design and then installed manually. After completion of the model making, the model has proven that the flexible is really hard to control, even part of wire works, but in reality, the control system will be difficult to manage.
The lasercutting machine is used for this prototype.
The frame is bake from grasshopper to rhino and scaled to print in laser cutting.
The thin wire is installed on to the frame for controlling the flexible plate.
Two identical flexible plates are then glued on to both sides of the wi
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Prototype of Second Iteration
This is the prototype for the second iteration, this prototype has been done by 3D printing. The poly surface in rhino been transferred into the mesh and exported to MakerBot to adding the support on to it. By the completion of the prototype, one of the features founded is that due to the scale, some of the particles with the small opening is found to have closed opening while the rest remain open. which is is achieving better results for our design. Compare to iteration one, the iteration is more successful in order to achieve design outcome.
The 3d printer was used in for this prototype,
This is the first trial of the 3d Printing, the prototype is failed due to there is not sufficient support to the surface. This iteration has many curvatures, and the 3d printer is only print layer by layer, therefore the support is needed for the particle that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have any layer below it.
This is the second trial of 3D print. The support is add on to each block to achieve the successful outcome. the support will be manually removed.
This is the printed frame with base support. support will be manually removed for further process.
y
This image shows the installation of the block on to the frame, the block can be simply placed into the frame, glue is used when the frame is too loose to secure the block.
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Construction Method Diafram
Bake the design from grasshopper to Rhino
Unroll each design with lable
Test multiple connection
Assemble the block and arrange according to the lable
Eyelet Bolt Command Bond Hinges Spped Nut Cable Tie
Add the tabs to the unrolled surface, the tab enable the connection between each unit.
Submmiting the lasercut file, collect at completion
The model can be joint with select connection type
Delet unwanted tabs
Lay the unrolled surface with tab within the dimension of the size of the chosen material, 20mm offset is required for both sides of the boundary. The red colour is used for parts that that doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t cut through while the black use for the place that is cut through completely. The unrolled surface should be laid tightly in order to use material economically.
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The iteration 2 is then further developed, more iteration is made to improve in those iterations, the design is made to suit the layout of the bedroom in th random Selected technique is used in grasshopper to selected some block can absorb the light and create darker envirnment compare to the white b 3d printer is no longer can be used, alternative material and prototype nee
the design, the previous design is only base on the single unfolded surface, he apartment. The edge of the design is turned according to the wall. The and turn it into different colours. The black was decided to use due to it block. Since both black and white has been used in this series of design, the ed to be select for the fabrication process.
Prototype process polypropylene comes in multiple colors, during the prototype making process the supplier run out the white polypropylene, so the transparent one was used instead. The polypropylene is chosen as fabrication material due to itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s flexible and when it folded it will also give some rigidity.
The elements in design are unro lacerated out, t a tab on the sid allows the assem each block. The has also enable connection bet different block.
Connection Test Command Band There are many blocks that have much different orientation on the curved surface therefor strong connection is essential. This is one of the easiest connection, however, this is also the weakest connection. This type of bond is really easy to break apart. Hinges This is one of the strong connection, however, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s relatively big compared to another connection, and the bolt is too obvious which has the impact on the appearance of the model.
Speed Nut The bolt is used with speed nut, this type of connection founded to be stable, however, it has the same problem with hinges, there is the drawback in the aesthetic point of view.
n the olled and there is de that mbly of e tab ed the tween
Each block is assembled together and arrange according to the labeling in the rhino file. The connector is required between the block.
The hole was manually cut by hole puncher, this can be improved by drawing holes in rhino before laser cutting to have more efficient model making process.
Bolt The bolt is one of the common connection type, since its flexible joint, therefore the connetion may become loose after long term of use.
Cable Tie This is the type of connection is also stable, the long strip can be trimmed off, but it still has a big head, therefore the eyelet is chosen over cable tie.
Eyelet From testing, the eyelet found to have the best result in term of it will create the cleanest and relatively stable connection. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the flattest connection.
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The initial surface has changed, base of the surface is extend furthur to create bed frame.
B.7 FINAL DETAIL MODEL
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THENICAL DIAGRAM
Srfsplit
Reference to an rhino surface
SrfCP
Pop Geometry
Voronoi
Map surf
Scale
Item
Edges
Cull
Scale
MD Slider
Move
Merge
Loft
Join
Re map
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Iterations Reflect to the feedback from feedback, more iteration made to improve the design. In this set of iteration, amount of the block unit has been manipulated to see if more block unit can make better shading effect, the block unit is ranging from 200,400, 800,1000.
Numbers of block = 200
In this set of iterations, The number of block unit remains at 1000, at the same time the length of each tube is manipulated for testing. Only two iteration has done for testing the length due to once the length getting too long, it will be hard to assemble during the fabrication process, as each block needs the connection in between.
Short block length
The opening size of each block has been manipulating in this series of iteration. The gap between each unit has also minimised to prevent uncontrol lighting sneaking into the room. The location of the concentrated opening block can also be controlled in grasshopper.
The gap exsisting between each block
The portion of the white and black block has been tested here. At this stage, only total amount of the black or white block can be selected, the position of where the black block located is still randomly selected by grasshopper.
This is the final version of the design. By using image sampler, the amount of the black element can be controlled. There are mixing of both open and close block, the image mapping technique also enables the control of the opening of the block. As shown by those iterations, the black block can set to have opened while the white one remains closed. According to select opening side, some of the black units might also remain closed. Those iterations will be explained in detail in next page.
20% of white block
n
Numbers of block = 400
Numbers of block = 800
Numbers of block = 1000
long block length
The opening size reduced
25% of white block
The gap minimised between each block
The opening reduced slightly, the close block concentrated on the left corner while previous one has concentrate close block near the winow location.
50% of white block
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Final design development
The image used in the image sampler is a tree. As shown in the iteration, there are big opening located in the window area, thus the light can be penetrating through those holes and creating a relatively bright environment.
Similar to the previous iteration, the openings are located at the area that consists of the glass panel. the opening in this iteration is even larger than the previous one, hence this iteration has created the brightest environment by letting the light penetrate in those big openings.
The image on the left hand side is the layout of the bedroom within our site. The image has shown the light is penetrationg in to the bedrrom at 12:30 in winter which has relatively strong sunlight. To Slelect the Best prothesis as final design, the testing in render has taking plae to see which design has the best shading effect.
The opening in this design has been reduced compare to the previous version, however due to the location of the opening is still locate at the place with galss panel, large amount light can still penetrate though the room .
In this iteration, the opening is reduced at any location that consists of the glass panel, and create some larger opening at places with the solid wall, therefore only small portion of light can be allowed to penetrate into the room. it can be clearly shown that this iteration has created the best shading effect compare to others, hence this is the final design that has been chosen.
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Plan of the Final Design Scale 1: 50
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Section of the Final Design Scale 1: 50
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Axonometric Driawing of the Final Design Scale 1: 50
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External View This the external view of the apartment with a prosthesis to encourage shift workers living in this building and forming a small community here. So the people in this community will have the similar lifestyle, wake up at the similar time. They could have more event running in this community at their own special time and meeting more friends here.
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Effect of the Prosthesis The following set of the diagram is showing the effect of our designed prosthesis both in summer and Winter. The image on the left-hand side is showing the bedroom without designed prosthesis while the image on the right-hand side shows the bedroom with the prosthesis. From the image below has clearly demonstrated the prosthesis has successfully blocked most of the sunlight and left a small portion of the light that gets penetrate into the bedroom.
SUMMER
Summer 7:00 AM
Summer 10:00 AM
Summer 1:00 PM
WINTER
Winter 800 AM
Winter 10:30 AM
Winter 12:30 PM
Winter 2:30 PM 83
Living Roomm Render
Living
The design is no limit to the bedroom in the apartment that we created. By using grasshopper, the design can be manipulated and applied to any size room. This can be seen in the living room design. As reflect to our concept, we intend to create the most comfortable experience for the client from the time that she steep into the apartment. The prosthesis is also applied to the living room due to our client is really tired when she gets home, by creating the darker atmosphere in the living room is allowing our client to get to sleeping mode as soon as possible.
The sa to fit t space
Roomm Render
ame grasshopper technique is used in the living room, by simply changing the initial surface the layout in the living room. At the edge of the prosthesis in the living room, there was large e generated between each block. This can be used as the storage area in the living room.
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Living Room The spotlight has placed in the gap of each block in order to create lighting facility for our client. Our client wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t sleep the whole time when she staying at her apartment, so the lighting is really important for her when she gets up from the bed since it will get darker outside.
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C.4 LEARN
NING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
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REFLECTION TO FEEDBACK
Summer
Winter
From the final presentation, feedback suggests that the design can be improved by letting the light penetrate into the room at 4 pm in the afternoon so that client will be wake up more naturally. To achieve this effect, the orientation of block will need to face the direction of the sunlight at 4 pm. The orientation of the block is changed by the curvature of the initial surface that is created to from this design. After the changes were made, The light will be penetrating into the room and create the relatively bright environment. The diagram on the shows the direction of light that penetrates into the adjusted design. The effect that creates will be shown on the next page.
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Summer
4 PM render without prosthesis
4 PM render withprosthesis
Winter
4 PM render without prosthesis
4 PM render with prosthesis
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REFLECTION TO FEEDBACK From feedback, we realize that to make a flexible surface that can be installed and uninstall in an easy way will be a better design for our client. In this instance, the client will be able to pull off the prosthesis when she wants the lights to get to penetrate the room and install it easily when she needs it. This is also solving the problem that we don’t have an opening in the previous design for our client to get out to the balcony. The silicon is chosen due to it flexible, and when it’s is in a liquid state it can be poured into the mold to form variety shape. After curing it’s soft, can be folded without breaking this means that it’s soft enough to form curved surfaces. To achieve silicon surface, we need to make two molds for both top and bottom side of the surface. And then use the mold to cast the silicon surface. The first option that we would like to try is by using shrink PVC under vacuum former to cast two pieces of mold. The Vacuum former is the process when the plastic sheet is heated with high temperature and result in a pliable texture, and then it can screech on to a mold by using a vacuum. However, during the consultation, the technician in the fablab told me that it won’t work in that way, due to our model doesn’t have any small gap between each block, and our block is not deep enough, if using vacuum former process, it will only produce a rough mold, it will not produce accurate model. Therefore alternative method should be considered. The Second option is creating two pieces of the mold by 3d printing and then casting the silicon model. Two pieces of the mold are made, The positive mold (facing internal of the bedroom ) has the box around it to prevent the leakage of the silicon mixture during the process of casting the silicon surface. The negative mold ( facing external of the space) only consist plate on the top, so it can sit into the positive mold. There is a mistake made during the digital process where there is no tolerance between the positive and the negative mold, when we get the mold from next lab, the negative mold won’t sit into the positive mold, the sanding paper used to narrow the length and the width in order to let two mold fitting together.
Postive piece mold
Negative piece mold
The postive and negative mold are deisgn to fit together during casting process.
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Selection of Material There are ranges of silicon in the market, and most of them are not pure silicon, there is another component added to the ingredient. The image on the left is what we bought, it comes black and white with 100% silicon as the ingredient.
To casting silicon model with this type of material, the water and dishwasher are needed. caulking gun was used to transfer the silicon mixture. The first step is to pour the dishwasher into the water and stir, this is to prevent the silicone sticking to your hand while you play with this silicon, and it also will prevent silicon mixture stick to the mold.
Caulking gun was used to transfer the silicon mixture into the bowl. Use hand to pinch the silicon mixture from the strip into the lump and applied the lump on to the mold. only small pieces are tested for the duration of curing. This method has taken a day to cure, and it will take longer for the thicker piece.
The silicon mixture is the alternative to the previous one. The Translucent Silicon Rubber was chosen over the pinks silicon rubber due to pigments can be add on to the translucent one. This type of silicon mixture is chosen due to it only takes 20 minutes to cure, so more test can be made if the first one was failed. Due to the fast curing, the working time allowed for this is the only 6minuest, after 6 minutes, the mixture will start to tinker.
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FRABRICATION PROCESS Prepare all the equipment and get ready to start fabrication, The equipment needed in this process are 3d printed mold, mixing cup, part A and part B silicon mixture, black pigment as well as mixing sticks. Full model making process can be view at https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=IZjaDOqIxL4&feature=youtu.be
1. The silicon mixture A B should be mixing in silicon wonâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t dry if the ration. The equal amo A and mixture b is pou different cups.
4. The black silicon m poured into the box m
part B silicon mixture
3D printed Mold
mixing cup
Black pigment
part A silicon mixture
Mixing sticks
7. There is a leftover m testing, so pour the m top mold and let it sit
A and mixture 1:1 ratio. The ere is uneven ount of mixture ured into two
mixture is then mold.
mixture, for mixture on to the for 20 minutes.
2. Two part of the mixture is poured into one cup and stirred to mix by the mixing stick. The chemical reaction will happen once two-part gets mixed up. 6 minutes working time that is allowed is started counting now.
3. Black pigment is adding to the mixture and stirred with mixing stick to obtain black silicon mixture.
5. The second piece mold is placed into the box mold to create silicon surface. 20 minutes setting time is required for thickening of the silicon.
6. Take the top mold away and use the finger to touch the surface of the silicon, and make sure itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dry, once itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dry, carefully remove the silicon model from the mold box. This is the positive side of the model.
8. Carefully remove the silicon surface from the top mold. This is the formation of the negative side of the prosthesis.
One of the leftover pieces was stretched, this is proof that silicon rubber has strong elastic. 103
Postive s
Final Model
Negative
side surface
Sides of the silicon is cut straight in order to form a clean model. The silicon has copied the exact rough surface that produced in 3d printing. There are air bubbles occurring during the casting process, this can be minimised by vibrating the box mold. However, since the design intends is to make the rough surface to diffuse the light, therefore the little holes that produce by air bubble can function positively. One of the leftover pieces was stretched, this is proof that silicon rubber has strong elastic. It can be install as curtin or simply use specilase glue to stick the commonbond on to it and then stick to the other part of comand bongd on the wall.
e side surface 105
REFLECTION The computation has an important role in the design process. It can be testing the design to absorb defeat in an efficient way. The design can be easily altering by simply change the definitions in the grasshopper. As an example, the prosthesis been designed in the bedroom can be easily manipulated by changing the initial surface to fit in the living room, and there is no doubt that it can also be manipulated and to fit in any size or layout space by altering the surface. The Openings of the block can also be manipulated in order to fit the design prosthesis to have the best effect for every unique space. The computation technique is helping designers to have altered the design in the quick way to suit the needs of the clients. The iterations can be made in the seconds. The grasshopper techniques that I have learned this semester let me have more depth understanding of the computation design. It can help to boost the time in design. After prototype testing as well as getting feedback from the tutor, the changes to the design can be easily made. As an example, for the final design develop, four iterations were made and test in render to obtain the design that has the best effect to fit the brief. Additional to that to get to the final design, there were 8 series of iteration were made in part C. The density of the element, opening of the element, gaps between each element, location of the opening element, location of the black or white element that compose the design can be easily altered and to improve to optimize the design. The computational design is enabling to create the variety of the design possibility. The computation method can create a design in the way that you would not make in computerization method. The tectonic element is arranged randomly in the begging and more definition is then add trying to control the random selection to manipulate the design. At the same time, the computation is also an economical way of getting to the final design, without computation design, that iteration will need to be produced physically to see if itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s the best one, lot more budget can be saved as well as the material can be saved to contribute to the sustainability There are lot of benefits that you can have with the computation design, but this is only based on that you are knowing the technique well, the most challenging part is that the computational design is not always can be produced what you intend to design, it might get you a design that you like in a few attempts, since we only learned the foundation of the computational programming, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s challenging in the pathway of getting the best result that you wanted.
Step into the fabrication process, 3D printing is the most important method to produce the final model. The final design was unable to unroll for laser cutting, due to there is curve surface. The 3D printing can use to solve the problem, but it also makes mistake easily, to obtain the successful print, the close mesh is essential, addition to this, the sufficient support is also required to prevent the error from printing. The 3D printing is usually take long to print, for two pieces of the final model, it took 36 hours to complete printing, which means 3d print need to submit easily to prevent the queue as well as any error occur. The final model was submitted on the 29th of May and just complete printing at 5th of June. Multiadjustment was made to the model to reduce the printing time of each piece to be less than 24 hours. Due to we only get the 3d print one day before the summision, there is not suffiecnt time to testing the connection. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a long way to learn from the begging, by having research and understanding of the role of computational design in architecture. Learning variety grasshopper techniques in grasshopper and use learned skill to made design each week. Even the studio air is getting to the end now, but there are still more techniques that you can learn from computation method and more surprise design are waiting to be observed.
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REFERENCING “Better Apartments”, Planning, 2018 <https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/policy-and-strategy/planningreform/better-apartments> [Accessed 5 June 2018] Croft, Catherine, “Robin Hood Gardens — The Twentieth Century Society”, C20society.Org.Uk, 2018 <https://c20society.org.uk/casework/robin-hood-gardens/> [Accessed 16 March 2018] “Etherington, Rose, “10 Hills Place By Amanda Levete Architects | Dezeen”, Dezeen, 2018 <https://www.dezeen.com/2009/09/10/10-hills-place-by-amanda-levetearchitects/> [Accessed 19 April 2018] “The Cooper Union For The Advancement Of Science And Art / Morphosis Architects”, Archdaily, 2018 <https://www.archdaily.com/40471/the-cooper-union-for-the-advancement-of-science-and-artmorphosis-architects> [Accessed 16 March 2018] Fry, Tony, Design Futuring (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2008), pp. 1-16 Grozdanic, Lidija, “Archipelago Parametrically Designed Pavilion - Evolo | Architecture Magazine”, Evolo.Us, 2018 <http://www.evolo.us/architecture/archipelagoparametrically-designedpavilion/> [Accessed 19 April 2018] “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.UniStuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=4458> [Accessed 16 March 2018] “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.UniStuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=8807> [Accessed 16 March 2018] ”ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=4458> [Accessed 21 April 2018] ”Loop_3”, Co-De-It.Com, 2018 <http://www.co-de-it.com/wordpress/loop_3.html> [Accessed 19April 2018] “More Australians Are Working Night Shifts, So How Do They Manage?”, Canberra Times, 2018 <https:// www.canberratimes.com.au/national/act/more-australians-are-working-night-shifts-so-how-do-theymanage-20170811-gxu5nb.html> [Accessed 5 June 2018] Kalay, Yehuda E, Architecture’s New Media (Cambridge Mass: The MIT Press, 2004), pp. 5-25 Kolarevic, Branko, Architecture In The Digital Age (New York: Taylor & Francis, 2003), pp. 3-62 Oxman, Rivka, and Robert Oxman, Theories Of The Digital In Architecture (London: Routledge, 2014), pp. 1-10
A.7 Referencing
Peters, Brady, and Xavier De Kestelier, Computation Works (London: The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences), pp. 8-15 “Seroussi Pavilion |Biothing - Arch2o.Com”, Arch2o.Com, 2018 <https://www.arch2o.com/seroussipavilion-biothing/> [Accessed 19 April 2018]
ImageS:
Figure 1: Baan, Iwan, The Cooper Union For The Advancement Of Science And Art/ Morphosis Architetcure, 2018 <https://www.archdaily.com/40471/the-cooper-union-for-the-advancement-of-science-and-artmorphosis-architects/5011e77928ba0d5f4c00032e-the-cooper-union-for-the-advancement-of-science-andart-morphosis-architects-photo> [Accessed 16 March 2018] Figure 3: Baan, Iwan, The Cooper Union For The Advancement Of Science And Art/ Morphosis Architetcure, 2018 <https://www.archdaily.com/40471/the-cooper-union-for-the-advancement-of-science-and-artmorphosis-architects/5011e77928ba0d5f4c00032e-the-cooper-union-for-the-advancement-of-science-andart-morphosis-architects-photo> [Accessed 16 March 2018] Figure 4: Halbe, Rondland, Project Documentation ICD/ITKE, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=8807> [Accessed 16 March 2018] Figure 5: Halbe, Rondland, Project Documentation ICD/ITKE, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=8807> [Accessed 16 March 2018] Figure 6: Halbe, Rondland, Project Documentation ICD/ITKE, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=8807> [Accessed 16 March 2018] Figure 7: Grimshaw, International Terminal Waterloo, 2018 <https://grimshaw.global/projects/internationalterminal-waterloo/> [Accessed 16 March 2018] Figure 8: Halbe, Rondaland, “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=8807> [Accessed 16 March 2018] Figure 9: Halbe, Rondaland, “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2012 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=8807> [Accessed 16 March 2018] Figure 10: La Foundation, The Building, 2018 <http://www.fondationlouisvuitton.fr/en/l-edifice.html> FIGURE 11: Etherington, Rose, “10 Hills Place By Amanda Levete Architects | Dezeen”, Dezeen, 2018 <https://www.dezeen.com/2009/09/10/10-hills-place-byamanda-levete-architects/> [Accessed 19 April 2018] FIGURE 12.”Loop_3”, Co-De-It.Com, 2018 <http://www.co-de-it.com/wordpress/ loop_3.html> [Accessed 19April 2018] FIGURE 13:Grozdanic, Lidija, “Archipelago Parametrically Designed Pavilion - Evolo | Architecture Magazine”, Evolo.Us, 2018 <http://www.evolo.us/architecture/archipelago-parametricallydesigned-pavilion/> [Accessed 19 April 2018] Figure 14 “Seroussi Pavilion |Biothing - Arch2o.Com”, Arch2o.Com, 2018 <https:// www.arch2o.com/seroussi-pavilion-biothing/> [Accessed 19 April 2018] FIGURE 15: ”ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=4458> [Accessed 21 April 2018] FIGURE 16: ”ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=4458> [Accessed 21 April 2018] Figure 17 : “The Window Location And Layout,” 2018 <https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/policy-and-strategy/ 109 planning-reform/better-apartments> [Accessed 5 June 2018]