Global Change and the New Partnership for African Development Report compiled for NEPAD

CSIR/NRE/ECO/ER/2006/0016/C

Global Change and the New Partnership for African Development Report compiled for NEPAD by

Dr RJ Scholes, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, South Africa Dr Daniel Olago, Pan-African Start Secretariat, Kenya Dr Luc Sigha-Nkamdjou, Institut de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (IRGM) Cameroon

Final Draft

Submitted to the National Research Foundation November 2005

Executive summary •

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‘Global Change’ consists of the linked and interacting phenomena of rapid, modern and widespread change in: land cover and land use; atmospheric composition; climate; biological diversity; economic organisation; population size, distribution and consumption patterns and trade patterns.

Together these factors pose a great challenge to human development. Global Change research is a large, interdisciplinary and worldwide effort to find solutions to these challenges, in order that human development may be sustained and equitable.

Africa is particularly vulnerable to many of the negative consequences of Global Change. Every aspect of the NEPAD Water, Energy, Health, Agriculture and Biodiversity agenda is impacted in some significant way.

NEPAD planning needs to reflect the reality of Global Change.

In the NEPAD spirit of continental self-help in partnership with the international community, Africa needs a strong, functional and well-connected Global Change research community.

Many hundreds of Africa-based researchers are already engaged full- or parttime on Global Change research. In addition, there is a similar number of researchers based outside Africa, focussed on Global Change research relating to Africa.

A rich set of overlapping networks links Global Change researchers in Africa to each other and to the global community. These networks should form the basis of future coordination efforts.

There is another well-networked group of African researchers, largely in the human sciences, who work on development issues relevant to Global Change, but who do not consider themselves to be ‘Global Change Researchers’.

Effective progress requires that these currently-separate networks be connected and integrated. New structures may be necessary to achieve this.

The contribution of the African researchers and networks to the worldwide knowledge base on Global Change, while significant, remains small and patchy, and insufficient for the needs of Africa.

The key constraint to the development of a larger, more productive and better distributed (both in terms of countries and topics) Global Change research community in Africa is the lack of adequate dedicated, accessible and stable funding sources to support this research area. Secondary constraints of insufficient highly-skilled human resources, and in-continent access to certain technologies, could be resolved within a decade if funding were available.

Specific recommendations include o Strengthen the existing networks rather than creating a completely new set, supplementing them where necessary. An overarching structure that caters for human sciences with a more development focus as well as for biophysical sciences with a longer-term focus is suggested. o Establish centres of excellence in aspects of Global Change Research in South, East, Central, West and North Africa, using existing concentrations of researchers in most cases. o Focus international collaborative research campaigns on large, complex key uncertainty areas in Africa, including (for example, and among others) the processes and model characterisation of tropical and

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subtropical rainfall; climate land-surface feedbacks; hydrological cycle impacts in the presence of elevated CO2; impacts and adaptation of biodiversity; responses to changes in vector-borne diseases and the emergence of novel diseases. o Increase the availability of small to medium sized competitive research grants for African researchers in global change.

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Table of contents Executive summary....................................................................................................1 Background ................................................................................................................5 Potential Impacts of Global Change on the NEPAD Agenda....................................6 Water......................................................................................................................6 Energy ....................................................................................................................8 Health.....................................................................................................................8 Agriculture .............................................................................................................9 Biodiversity..........................................................................................................10 Other issues..........................................................................................................10 The research capacity in Africa regarding Global Change and its impacts.............11 Networks of African Global Change Scientists .......................................................15 Earth System Science Partnership-linked networks ............................................15 Assessment of Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change ................................16 National Global Change Committees ..................................................................17 Pan African Start Secretariat (PASS) ..................................................................17 PAGES-Africa Network ......................................................................................17 African Pollen Database (APD) Network............................................................18 Miombo Network.................................................................................................18 Kalahari Transect .................................................................................................18 Southern African Fire Network ...........................................................................19 East African Lakes (IDEAL) ...............................................................................19 AfriBasins and AfriCAT......................................................................................19 Afriflux ................................................................................................................19 IGAC/DEBITS-AFRICA (IDAF)........................................................................19 Global Environmental Change And Food Security (GECAFS) ..........................20 Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR)...............................................20 Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) ....................................20 Land Use and Land Cover Change (LUCC)........................................................20 Other Human Dimensions of Global Change Research ......................................20 The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) ........20 CLIMAG (Climate and Agriculture in West Africa)...........................................21 Observing networks .................................................................................................21 Flow Regimes from International Experimental Network Data (FRIEND .........21 World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS) ...............................21 Global observations of Forest Cover (GOFC)/Global Observations of Land Dynamics (GOLD)/Central African Regional Programme for the Environment (CARPE) ..............................................................................................................22 The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ..................................22 International Global Change research initiatives relating to Africa ........................23 African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis .....................................................23 Africa Environmental Outlook ............................................................................23 Lake Victoria Environment Outlook ...................................................................23 Assessment of Water Resources and their Ecosystem Services in Africa...........24 Equatorial Africa Macronutrient Atmospheric Deposition Assessment..............24 Africa Global Change Synthesis Book ................................................................25 Training Programmes in Global Change .............................................................25 The Global Water System Project (GWSP).........................................................26

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Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) ..............................................26 Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats regarding Global Change research in Africa ...................................................................................................................27 Recommendations....................................................................................................28 Glossary ...................................................................................................................29 References................................................................................................................29 Appendices...............................................................................................................32 Directory of African scientists involved in Global Change Research .................32

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Background Many aspects of the global environment are changing at a pace, to a degree, and in a direction that are unprecedented in human history (Millennium Assessment, 2005). In several respects the changes are also unprecedented in the evolutionary history of our planet, and therefore threaten the survival of the great diversity of other organisms with which we share the Earth, as well as having consequences for human wellbeing.

Collectively these simultaneous and linked changes are called ‘global change’. They include changes to the composition of the atmosphere, the global climate, the vegetation cover of the land surface, the circulation, biology and chemistry of the oceans, the cycling of water and other life-sustaining elements through the biosphere, the distribution and abundance of the millions of species, and the social and economic interactions between people. Together they represent a great challenge to humankind.

The call for ‘sustainable development’ is one of the responses to that challenge.

Another response has been the mobilisation of one of the largest collaborative research efforts ever, to understand the nature of the problem and to find potential solutions. What is Africa’s role in this collective endeavour?

In 2003, the International Group of Funding Agencies for global change research (IGFA) highlighted the crucial impact that global change could have on the development agenda for Africa that was being articulated by the New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD). Subsequently, in October 2004, representatives of NEPAD attended an IGFA meeting in Iceland and confirmed that global change issues cut across all the five areas identified in the NEPAD Plan of Action, and endorsed by the World Summit on Sustainable Development: namely water, energy, health, agriculture and biodiversity (WEHAB). It was therefore imperative to assess the potential impact that the types and magnitude of change projected for the 21st century may have on NEPAD objectives, and to develop adaptation strategies where possible.

NEPAD authorities realised that specific scientific interventions would be needed to minimise the negative effects of global changes in Africa. The NEPAD Science and Technology office, in collaboration with IGFA, commissioned a process of consolidating the R&D capacity and activities in Africa in the area of global change research. This report represents one of the first steps. The G8 Gleneagles meeting of July 2005, which focussed on Africa and global change, lent urgency to the process.

The objectives of this study are to • Briefly outline the evidence for impacts of global change on the NEPAD development agenda • Assess the capacity in Africa for undertaking research in relation to global change impacts • Assess the status of existing networks for global change research in Africa • Report on international initiatives to do global change research with relevance to Africa

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Identify the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats in relation to development of a sufficient knowledge-base relating to global change in Africa, and Make recommendations based on the above studies.

The study was reviewed and revised twice between July and September 2005, via an email process involving key stakeholders. On 22 September 2005 it was presented to the broad research community at the African Earth Systems Science meeting in Nairobi, and further comments were received and incorporated. In November 2005 it was submitted to NEPAD for consideration and possible action.

Potential Impacts of Global Change on the NEPAD Agenda The material in the brief summary that follows is based primarily on the assessments carried out by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The IPCC, which is a highly respected body within the UN framework, reviews the evidence relating to the causes, consequences and responses to climate change on a continuous basis, releasing an authoritative report about once every five years. Many tens of African scientists participate in this process as experts, and virtually all African governments get the opportunity to review and comment on the findings. The Special Report on Regional Impacts of Climate Change (1998), and the IPCC third assessment report, released in 2001, concluded that Africa is uniquely vulnerable to climate change. The fourth assessment report will be released in 2007. Other sources, for instance the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005), have also been used where they provide information supplemental to the IPCC Third Assessment Report.

This section is structured around the NEPAD WEHAB Agenda, information on which was derived from the NEPAD action plans and supporting documents. The Millennium Development Goals 1 (MDGs) have been adopted as targets by NEPAD.

Water Africa is the driest continent. Over three-quarters of Africa receives less rain than is needed to satisfy the evaporative demands of plants, soil and water bodies at all times.

These areas therefore experience water shortage for all or some of the year, or during recurrent sets of exceptionally dry years. The population of Africa lives mainly in these subhumid to arid areas. As a result, up to 140 million people in Africa live under conditions of water scarcity (Vorosmarty et al in Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2006). Scarcity is defined by the UN as less than 1000 m3/person/year of available water). Over 400 million people are expected to be living in at least 17 water-scarce African countries by the year 2010, and their lack of adequate water will severely constrain food production, ecosystem protection and socio-economic development (AMCOW, 2002). This

is projected to rise to 600 million people by 2030, largely as a result of rising demand, rather than falling supply (Sharma 1996). Climate change is not the dominant cause of water shortage in Africa, but is likely to exacerbate it some regions, and ameliorate it in others.

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www.developmentgoals.org

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Climate change impacts water supply in three main ways: rainfall can increase or decrease (or change in intensity or season); temperature will increase everywhere, thereby increasing the evaporative demand; and rising carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere will decrease the amount of water that plants use per unit of biomass they produce. The net outcome of these three simultaneous but countervailing trends can be increases or decreases in water availability, depending on their relative strength at different times and places. Given that evaporative demand will increase (high certainty) by 10-20% this century, and this is approximately the magnitude of improved plant water use efficiency, these two factors more-or-less cancel each other out. Therefore the change in rainfall becomes the critical issue.

Changes in rainfall are the hardest to predict of all climate change variables. Africaoriented research on the processes of rainfall generation in tropical and subtropical continental regions, and how to accurately and robustly represent them in Global Circulation Models (GCMs) are therefore high priorities. There is widespread theoretical agreement that the equatorial forest region of all the continents will experience increased rainfall over the coming century, but almost no Africa-specific research. The monsoonal systems that supply rainfall to East Africa are likely to intensify. This is an area of active research: see comments on the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) project below. There is an emerging agreement (not yet a consensus, and still hedged with many uncertainties) that the sub-humid to semi-arid sub-tropical regions between the African forests and the deserts, where the bulk of water-short Africans live, are likely to experience about 10% less rainfall by the second half of the 21st century. These zones lie between the inter-tropical convergence (located at about 15ยบ north and south) and the high-pressure belts that create the Sahara and Kalahari deserts, centred on about 25ยบ N and S. A 10% decrease in precipitation would amplify through the water system; it may, for example, result in 30% reduction in runoff and 45% reduction in groundwater recharge. The indications for drying, while still tentative, are somewhat firmer for southern Africa (especially on the Atlantic side of the continent) than for the Sahelian region (Carter et al 2000, Hulme et al 1999). There is some evidence that feedback mechanisms involving decreased plant cover may amplify this effect, causing further regional reduction in rainfall (Scheffer et al 2005). It is therefore projected, with medium certainty, that millions more people will be living under conditions of absolute water shortage than would have been the case if the climate were not changing. Much more research is needed on this topic, crucial to the development future of Africa.

Global change also affects water quality, which in terms of human welfare in Africa is an even more pressing problem than the absolute quantity of water available. It does so through land cover change, demographic change and climate change. Forest, savanna and grassland clearing for crop agriculture leads to more sediment in the rivers. Unregulated agricultural intensification increases the nutrients, salts and biocides in rivers, groundwater and lakes. The processes of urbanisation in their initial phases typically increase the pathogen, nutrient load and industrial pollution burdens in the water draining from areas of dense human settlement. A warmer climate, (and, paradoxically a drier one, where people are forced to use sources of poor quality) increases the risk of water-borne pathogen outbreaks, such as those causing diarrhoea and cholera. Nutrient pollution of water sources further increases the risk.

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The deteriorating fundamentals with respect to water supply and quality in Africa, as a result of global change, have obvious relevance for MDG 7, target 10: halving the number of people with no access to safe drinking water by 2015.

Energy Energy systems are at the core of the climate change issue. About three-quarters of the present global greenhouse gas effect on global warming is due to emissions related to the burning of fossil fuels. Therefore decisions that African countries take now regarding their future energy consumption, and the technologies used to supply it, have a direct bearing on the future trajectory of climate change. In turn, climate change has an impact on the energy available from renewable sources such as hydroelectric power, wind and biomass. Energy-related infrastructure (eg. powerlines and pipelines) will be exposed to greater risk of storm-related damage, and the demand for energy for cooling houses, work-places and food storage facilities will increase.

The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change explicitly recognises the ‘common but differentiated’ responsibilities that nations have towards mitigating climate change. As a result, no African country has emission reduction targets under the first round of the Kyoto Protocol. Being aware of the emission consequences of energy system choices remains crucial for several reasons: • By about 2020, developing country emissions are projected to equal developed country emissions, and limiting the growth of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases will not be possible without participation of virtually all countries. At or before this point the political pressure to accept emission targets will be hard to resist.

• Many African countries wish to avail themselves of the economic and technological benefits of participating in Clean Development Mechanism emission trading schemes.

• African countries adopting older, higher-emission energy technologies may find themselves missing a technology development wave and locking themselves into a market disadvantage.

The NEPAD energy sector agenda focuses on power pooling, gas and oil pipelines and hydroelectric development. The component of renewable energy is likely to be elevated in relative importance as a consequence of the political environment surrounding climate change, and fossil fuel projects, especially those based on coal, will be somewhat disadvantaged.

Health Several of the leading causes of death and disability in Africa are sensitive to aspects of global change. Malaria is an obvious case where the climate envelope of the mosquito vector is predicted, with high certainty, to expand into areas where malaria was not previously a problem (Martens et al 1999). Tick-borne diseases such as Rift Valley Fever are also known to be responsive to climate change, and the distribution of cases of diseases such as meningitis suggests that climate is an important factor, even if the mechanism by which it exerts its control is poorly understood. Waterborne pathothogens (giardia, amoeba, cryptosporidium) cause diarrhoea, still a major cause of infant mortality in Africa, and along with cholera are susceptible to changes in the water supply, as outlined above. All of these conditions, along with poor 8

nutrition resulting from agricultural impacts (discussed below) act to accelerate death of individuals with HIV/AIDS (Desanker et al 2001).

New research is revealing environmental links in many diseases that were not previously thought of this way. A prominent feature of recent decades has been the emergence of new diseases (eg Ebola virus, SARS, avian flu), often in developing countries. To some degree this trend can be explained in terms of a larger, more urbanised and more interconnected human population, but there is also a suggestion that many such diseases make the leap from their animal hosts in places where human contact with the disease vectors is increased by land cover and land use changes. The links between global change and emerging diseases is an area of importance to Africa, and one where it has a geographical advantage.

Higher temperatures in the future will have a direct impact on human health through increased deaths due to heat stress in elderly and young individuals, especially if they have other predisposing factors. Similarly, an increased incidence of severe storms and flooding would have a direct impact on deaths by drowning.

The NEPAD agenda on health has two elements that will be negatively impacted by global change: the commitment to halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other diseases by 2015 (See also MDG Goal 6 target 8), and to reduce mortality rates for infants and children under 5 by two-thirds by 2015 (see MDG 4, target 5).

Agriculture The impacts of global change on agriculture in Africa are mixed, but predominantly negative. All areas benefit to a small degree from higher carbon dioxide concentrations, cool highland areas may benefit somewhat from warmer temperatures, and East and Central Africa may benefit from more rainfall. Southern Africa, especially on the western side is projected, with medium certainty, to be drier, and North Africa may be drier during critical periods of the year for grain production. A study by Fischer et al (2002) suggests that southern Africa is one of the few regions of the world where the number of locations experiencing decreased production potential as a result of climate change is substantially higher than those experiencing increases.

Jones and Thornton (2003) project a 10% decrease in maize yields, and a 7% increase in wheat. The Fischer et al (2002) study is instructive, because it also shows that a) average crop yields is Africa are far below what is known to be achievable under the given climate; and b) southern Africa is one of the few places globally where there is large potential for agricultural expansion. These two factors potentially allow the achievement of the NEPAD goal of 6% pa agricultural productivity rise, even in the face of climate change. The NEPAD aim of radically increasing area under irrigation is more problematic in some areas, because of the potential threats to water supply due to climate change, outlined above, and because Africa already uses a disproportionately high fraction of its allocated water in agriculture.

One of the most pressing issues in global change is the decline in global wild-capture fisheries (Pauli et al in press). Marine and freshwater fisheries in Africa have peaked, and some are declining (UNEP, 2004; O’Reilly, 2003; Scholes and Biggs 2004). The most critical food-security issue in sub-saharan Africa is the low and falling per-capita intake of protein (Scholes and Biggs 2004). The declining fish supply closes one

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avenue of remediation, unless freshwater aquaculture increases at a greatly accelerated rate to fill the gap.

The extensive semi-arid and arid areas of Africa are used for grazing livestock. The issue of land degradation in these areas is already a serious concern, and could accelerate under the likely scenario of warming and drying.

The NEPAD aim of halving, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger (MDG goal 1 target 2) is still technically achievable, but has significant additional challenges added to it by climate change, desertification and fisheries decline. Failure to meet this goal would have knock-on effects on maternal health, child mortality, and the combating of diseases.

Biodiversity Africa has unique biological diversity more-or-less in proportion to the fraction of the global land area it comprises, ie about a fifth of the global total (Scholes et al in prep).

Several specific regions of Africa, known as centres of endemism, have biodiversity far in excess of what would be expected from their area extent. The phenomenon of rapidly-declining natural biodiversity (and the simultaneous spread of a small number of domesticated or weedy species) is a key aspect of the global change (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005). The biodiversity of Africa has been less impacted, to date, by this process than have many other regions. As a result, biodiversity is an important asset on which to build African development.

It is likely that biodiversity loss will continue to accelerate in Africa during the first half of the 21st century as a result of the combined effect of several global change drivers. The most immediate cause of biodiversity decline is habitat loss (including habitat degradation, as a result of fragmentation and over-harvesting). The underlying drivers of terrestrial habitat loss are agricultural expansion and unsustainable forestry practices; freshwater habitats are under pressure from water abstraction and pollution, and marine habitats from fishing and coastal development. By mid-century, climate change will be a key factor in biodiversity loss in Africa, and in particular within centres of endemism such as the Cape Floral Kingdom, and the Succulent Karoo (Midgely et al 2004). Climate change and habitat loss operate synergistically. Various studies project that 20-30% of all species will be committed to premature extinction during this century (Thomas et al 2004, Sala et al in press).

The NEPAD Environment Action Plan has the following programme areas: combating land degradation, drought and desertification; conserving wetlands; preventing, controlling and managing invasive alien species; conservation and sustainable use of marine, coastal and freshwater resources; and combating climate change. All of these have obvious links to global change.

Other issues Global change is by its nature a cross-cutting issue, and global change research encompasses almost all social and natural science disciplines. Therefore whatever efforts are made to increase the capacity to do global change research in Africa has impacts on the broader NEPAD agenda of enhancing Science and Technology capabilities in Africa, and vice versa. Similarly, most global-change mitigation or adaptation technologies are ‘dual use’ in the sense that the same technologies are 10

essential for optimal development in the present time, as well as in the less-tangible future. For example, the strategies that are taken to reduce African vulnerability to present climate variability are essentially the same as those used to buffer it from climate change in the future.

The research capacity in Africa regarding Global Change and its impacts This assessment of the global change research capacity in Africa is based on the Pan African START Secretariat (PASS) database. It is the most extensive existing database of global change researchers in Africa. The database records 737 registered researchers. This is certainly not all the researchers in Africa who have some interest in global change, but it is probably most of the researchers who are actively involved, for a significant portion of their time, on global change-related topics. Almost all African countries are represented in the database (there are no records for Angola, Djibouti, Eritrea, Libya, Somalia, Western Sahara, Central African Republic, and the island states of Comoros, Sao Tome, Principe and Reunion).

There has been a proliferation of global change related programmes, activities and projects in Africa, especially over the past three years. An example is the Assessment of Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change (AIACC) project, which was launched in 2002 and constituting 11 projects in Africa (plus others in developing countries of South America and Asia), with a complement of over 100 scientists involved in Africa alone. Many of these scientists are yet to register in the PASS database.

African Global Change Scientists Number of Scientists 0

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ALGERIA ANGOLA BENIN BOTSWANA BURKINA FASO BURUNDI CAMEROON CAPE VERDE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CHAD COMORO ISLANDS CONGO COTE D`IVOIRE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF DJIBOUTI EGYPT ERITREA ETHIOPIA EQUATORIAL GUINEA GABON GAMBIA GHANA GUINEA GUINEA BISSAU KENYA LESOTHO LIBERIA LIBYA MADAGASCAR MALAWI MALI MAURITANIA MAURITIUS MOROCCO MOZAMBIQUE NAMIBIA NIGER NIGERIA REUNION RWANDA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE SENEGAL SEYCHELLES SIERRA LEONE SOMALIA SOMALILAND SOUTH AFRICA SUDAN SWAZILAND TANZANIA TOGO TUNISIA UGANDA WESTERN SAHARA ZAMBIA ZIMBABWE

Figure 1. The number of scientists in the PASS global change database from each African country. The data are recorded in Appendix 1 of this report.

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Figure 1 shows the national distribution of global change researchers in Africa. The largest numbers of scientists registered in the database are, in descending order, from Kenya, South Africa, Ghana, Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire and Niger. This in part reflects the more comprehensive reach of the PASS database in the country where it has its headquarters (Kenya), or where there are members (rotating membership) of the Pan African Committee for START (PACOM). It also favours countries that have better access to data and information systems, such as the internet. It is further ‘biased’ towards those countries where successful and sustainable and sustainable START Africa projects have been implemented. Notwithstanding these caveats, figure 1 does faithfully reflect (1) the large number of African researchers engaged in global change research, and (2) their uneven distribution between countries. There are five countries that each have more than 36 researchers in this field (ie, more than 5% of the total): Code d’Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and South Africa. Between them, these five countries constitute 52% of the total.

Regional Distribution of Scientists

INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS

SOUTHERN AFRICA

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Figure 2. Regional distribution of global change researchers in Africa. Northern Africa= Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia; Western Africa=Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Chad, Cote d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea – Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Western Sahara; Central Africa= Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Sao Tome & Principe; Horn of Africa= Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Somaliland, Sudan; East Africa= Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Southern Africa= Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe; Indian Ocean Islands=Comoro Islands, Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles.

The regional distribution of scientists is shown in figure 2. The clear weaknesses are in Central Africa, Horn of Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands, and to a lesser extent, North Africa. The reasons differ: in the first two cases, ongoing social conflict makes research difficult. The total population of the Island states is relatively small. More

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researchers may be active in North Africa than are reflected here, but they take their lead from the European Mediterranean basin countries, rather than from PASS. The PASS database records the activities of the researchers in 29 thematic areas of global change research. Since most of the scientists indicated multiple areas of specialisation, the number of thematic records is 1390, compared to the number of registered scientists, which is 737. The 窶話reath of the themes varies, which affects the number of scientists within them. The two thematic areas with by far the largest number of scientists, i.e. Climate Change and Climate Variability, and Global Change and Environment, are broad-based themes. The thematic area Climate Change and Climate Variability encompasses those involved directly in researching and assessing climate and weather parameters and dynamics, but also has a complement of researchers who indicated much more specific areas of research, e.g. Agriculture, but with applications of Climate Change and Climate Variability topics. The same applies to the thematic area Global Change and Environment Global Change and Environment.

With specific reference to the NEPAD WEHAB agenda, Agriculture has the largest number of scientists (4.8%), followed by Water (3%), Energy (2.5%) and Biodiversity (2.5%), and Health (1.2%). Thus, the percentage of global change scientists specifically and directly involved in WEHAB activities is 14%. This number is somewhat misleading, because virtually all the topic areas have indirect impact on the Africa Global Change Scientists by Speciality Terrestrial ecology and ecosystems Remote sensing and GIS applications Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology Modelling, Statistics and Scenario generation Land-ocean interactions in the coastal zone Land use/land cover change Human dimensions of global change Global change and water resources

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Global change and tourism Global change and the biosphere Global change and sustainable development Global change and pollution Global change and natural resources global change and health Global change and geo-environment Global change and environment Global change and education Environmental law, policy and management Environmental chemistry and pollution Energy Climate change and climate variability Biotechnology Biogeochemistry Biodiversity and Conservation Atmospheric physics Atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, pollution Assessments of impacts/adaptation/vulnerability Aquatic ecology and ecosystems Agriculture, climate and food systems

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WEHAB themes.

Figure 3. The distribution of global change topics listed as main interests by the researchers in the PASS database. Note that most scientists have more than one topic.

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The distribution of researchers, by topic, by region follows the same basic pattern as for researchers overall: Western, Southern and Eastern Africa are well served; while Central Africa, Horn of Africa, North Africa and the Indian Ocean Islands are not.

One exception is the case of Central Africa, which has proportionately more researchers in Health topics, and fewer in Agriculture, than would be expected from the overall numbers.

Analysis of the 2004/5 IGBP Directory, which lists 1383 researchers involved in the governance structures of IGBP projects, reveals that about 13% of global change research leadership is resident in Africa. This proportion is much higher than for most other research topics. There is no reliable source for the total number of researchers worldwide involved in global change research, but an educated guess would be 1020 000. Acknowledging that the PASS database of 737 African researchers is a conservative estimate, it would seem that about 4-8% of global research effort in this field is in Africa.

The impact of the work of Africa-based scientists on the body of globally-available knowledge on global change is far smaller than the number of researchers would suggest. An analysis of countries of origin of authors of papers in three leading Global Change Journals (Table 1) over the past decade reveals that the contribution by African scientists is between 0.5 and 1% .

Table 1. Number articles authored or co authored by researchers based in Africa in three leading journals dedicated to global change in the period 1995 to 2004. The world total is the approximate total number of authorships (ie number of papers x mean number of authors per paper) in this period.

Global Change Biology

Climatic Change

Global Environmental Change

South Africa

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8

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Senegal Nigeria Egypt Kenya Ghana Cameroon

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3 2 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 2 2 0

Botswana Zimbabwe

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Morocco Africa Total

1 28

0 14

0 8

World Total

5040

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710

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A large number of African researchers, and an equally large number of non-African scientists working in Africa, are engaged in research that is directly relevant to Global Change, but would not consider themselves Global Change researchers. Therefore, by definition, they will not be registered on databases such as those analysed above.

Many are in the human sciences and work on issues such as development, food security, vulnerability and livelihoods studies. They have rich networks among themselves, but are often weakly networked to the Global Change networks discussed below. Effective progress in addressing Global Change adaptation questions, in particular, requires that these researchers be connected to and integrated with the Global Change research programme. New structures may be necessary to achieve this.

Networks of African Global Change Scientists An extensive series of overlapping networks exists of African scientists working fulltime or part time on global change issues, plus non-Africa based scientists (including Africans abroad) working on issues related directly to Africa. Most of them fall under the broad umbrella of the Earth System Science Partnership. In addition, there are many other networks set up primarily for other purposes (for example, to promote agricultural or water resource research in Africa, which explicitly have global change research as part of their mission). Thirdly, there are networks focussed on African development or Science and Technology which are impacted by global change and global change research, and may or may not be aware of it. The following discussions relate to the first two categories.

Earth System Science Partnership-linked networks The Earth System Science Partnership (ESSP) was formed in 2002 by coordinating the efforts of three previously-existing but interdependent international global change research programmes, all of which originated under the umbrella of ICSU. The oldest of these (founded in 1980) is the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP), housed and co-sponsored by the World Meteorological Organisation in Geneva. It focuses on physical climatology and numerical modelling of the global climate system. Since virtually all African countries have a functioning weather service, and are members of the WMO, all African countries are at least nominally exposed to, and engaged in, the activities of the WCRP. Some current WCRP project activities are discussed in the following section. (http://www.wmo.ch/web/wcrp) The next-oldest is the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), founded in 1988 and headquartered at the Royal Academy in Sweden. It researches the biological, physical and chemical links between all aspects of global change and the functioning of the global ecosystem (the ‘biosphere’). The IGBP is organised into projects focussed on the land, the oceans and the atmosphere, the interfaces between them, and the overall integration of the global system. Many African scientists participate in the IGBP activities, and five African countries have active IGBP National Committees. Several leadership positions in the IGBP are, or have been, held

by African researchers. (http://www.igbp.kva.se)

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The International Human Dimensions Programme (IHDP) was founded in the early 1990s and focuses on land use and land cover dynamics, institutions, human security, sustainable consumption and production, and urbanisation. The current Chair of the IHDP is an African researcher, Prof Colleen Vogel. It is headquartered in Bonn, Germany. (http//www.ihdp.uni-bonn.de) DIVERSITAS, the fourth partner, focuses on biodiversity. Founded in 1994, but substantially restructured in 2001, it is headquartered at ICSU in Paris. Its three core programmes look at the description, monitoring and quantification of biodiversity; the functional role of biodiversity in ecosystem services; and policy and management issues related to biodiversity. (http://www.diversitas-international.org) The SysTem for Analysis, Research and Training (START) was founded by the IGBP in 1992 as a framework for capacity building, focussed on the developing world.

START is now co-sponsored by IGB, WCRP and IHDP. START has been extremely active in Africa ever since (see entry below on the Pan African START Secretariat), and now serves all members of the ESSP from its headquarters in Washington, DC. (http://www.start.org). Of particular relevance to Africa are the Small Grants Research Programme for African Researchers in Global Change (supported through a grant to START from the USCCSP), the START Doctoral Fellowships for African students in global change research and based in Africa (supported through a grant to START from NORAD), and the START Visiting Scientist/Research Fellowships (supported through a grant to START from DGIS/The Netherlands). PACOM has also established several regional nodes at institutions in Africa serving the needs of climate modeling, coastal and wetlands and palaeoclimate communities. A recent and important programme that has been implemented in Africa by START is the Assessment of Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change, started in 2002 (see below).

Assessment of Impacts and Adaptation to Climate Change The AIACC initiative aims to fill the gaps in scientific and technical capacity as well as in knowledge about climate change vulnerabilities and adaptations. The initiative is funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and is a joint project of START, the Third World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the IPCC. Twenty four regional studies are being funded to carry out three-year investigations of climate change vulnerabilities and adaptations in developing countries. Eleven projects funded in Africa, each at a level of around US $300,000 and are expected to be completed during 2005. The outputs will contribute to the national communications of the participating countries, and feed into the fourth and future IPCC assessments for the region. The African scientists involved in these projects are currently in the process of establishing an Africa-wide network with a focus on enhancing research collaboration and information exchange in the area of Vulnerability and Adaptations to Climate Change. A significant number of African scientists involved in these projects are now members of their respective national teams developing plans for adaptation and also engaged in the ongoing IPCC assessment as lead or contributing authors. One of the principals in an Africa-based project has also helped develop guidelines for NAPAs for use by the UNFCCC. The AIACC project completes its first round in 2005, and will enter a second threeyear round of medium-sized projects, competitively awarded, within broad thematic 16

areas. Over fifty publications and eight student theses have resulted from these studies, and more are in the pipeline. This activity is an example of how a relatively small amount of funding can go a long way in Africa if it is managed with clear but sensitive guidelines.

(Contact: Dr. Neil Leary, www.start.org)

National Global Change Committees Eighteen (out of fifty) African countries nominally have global change committees linked to one or more ESS partners. However, of these, nine are effectively dormant, and are currently undergoing restructuring. In some countries (Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa and Uganda) the committees are active and working well.

The large committee of the Democratic Republic of Congo consists largely of Congolese nationals working abroad.

Pan African Start Secretariat (PASS) PASS (and its scientific governance structure, the Pan-African START Committee, PACOM) is the implementation agency for START in Africa. In the first years of implantation of the START strategy in Africa, separate regional committees for West and South-East Africa were formed, but an Africa-wide structure (thus Pan-African) was deemed more effective. The PASS was set up at the University of Nairobi in 1996 through an agreement between the Kenya Academy of Sciences, the University of Nairobi and the International START Secretariat; Prof Eric Odada is the current Director of PASS. Current activities of PASS, and PACOM are supported through a grant from NORAD to the International START Secretariat.

PASS/PACOM supported regional research networks comprise the pre-eminent and overarching system of related global change networks in Africa. This functioning system of theme-based networks are linked to national Global Change committees, as well as to other African research networks such as ACMAD. PASS in collaboration with the International START Secretariat administers a very successful programme of START African Doctoral Research Fellowships, which has developed the capacity of many of the leading African researchers in this field over the past decade (twenty four in the period 2002-2004).

PACOM/PASS manage a small-grants programme, passing on block funding from various donors to individual scientists in Africa, after a rigorous review process (15 awarded in 2004, 6 awarded in 2003). It also organises many meetings, workshops and conferences every year, and maintains a directory of several thousand names of researchers active in global change research in Africa. PAAA also has a very active ongoing collaboration with UNEP as well as the NEPAD Secretariat

PAGES-Africa Network The PAGES-Africa Network was established in July 2004 at the first ever PAGES Workshop in Africa for African scientists, supported by funding from START. It was noted that the African palaeoclimate community is not “visible enough� in the international arena as a cohesive and well-networked unit. The scientists tend to work in isolation, have serious research funding and related travel constraints, and generally lack both a medium and forum within which they can interact and exchange information both regionally and internationally. Yet, Africa still remains one of the 17

regions about which much more information is required if we are to better our present understanding of the earth’s palaeoclimate and palaeoenvironment, and contribute to a better understanding of earth system function.

Activities of the PAGES-Africa Network are centred on four themes, namely: 1] Increasing Visibility [2] Mentoring [3] Networking and Information Exchange, and [4] Opportunities for Joint and Coordinated Research. The PAGES-Africa Network has made tremendous strides in its four focus areas over the past year. For example, a special publication will be coming out in the journal Quaternary International late in 2005, based on papers presented at the July 2004 Workshop that was held in Nairobi.

Information dissemination has greatly increased, and joint projects are being formulated. The Network scientists also made important contributions at the recent PAGES Open Science Meeting that was held in Beijing, China (August 2005).

Contact: Dr. Daniel Olago, PASS/PAGES-Africa Regional Node. Email: pass@uonbi.ac.ke

African Pollen Database (APD) Network The APD Network is a consortium of African, European and North American scientists doing mainly Palaeoecological/Ecological research within Africa. Some of the objectives are to collect data on pre-agricultural palaeo-vegetation, use the data to test ecosystem models, and to reconstruct the long-term effect of human land use on soil character and processes. The outputs are intended to lend support to the development of management strategies for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and natural resources. The Database is developed and maintained at MEDIAS France, but is mirrored at PASS. The url for the Database is http://pass.uonbi.ac.ke/apd. In addition to hosting the APD mirror site, the database also hosts the WDC/NOAA Palaeoclimatoloty mirror site, under the enhancement and expansion programme of the WDC/NOAA Program Mirror Sites.

Contact: Prof. Eric O. Odada, PASS, Nairobi, Email: pass.uonbi.ac.ke

Miombo Network The miombo network was one of the first networks established by START (see IGBP Report 41, 1997). It covers the issue of land cover/land use change in the vast and rapidly-changing Brachystegia woodlands of south central Africa. Supported mainly

by NASA and the Global Terrestrial Observation System GOFC/GOLD activity, it brings together about 60 researchers, with a particular focus on remote sensing of forest cover. It recently formed the vehicle for a regional assessment of ecosystem services, as part of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (Contact: Dr Paul Desanker)

Kalahari Transect The Kalahari Transect is a loose affiliation of about 10 institutions and 50 individuals who use the Kalahari sand sheet in southern Africa as an experimental platform for testing global change theories and models (see IGBP 42, 1997). It was a major framework for the successful SAFARI 2000 atmospheric research campaign (which generated several hundred papers, and about 20 African postgraduate degrees), and has brought out a special edition of the Journal of Arid Environments and another of Global Change Biology. A number of Kalahari Transect activities have been supported by START (Contact: Dr Bob Scholes)

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Southern African Fire Network This active network of about fifty researchers developed as a stand-alone community out of the miombo network, the Kalahari Transect, and the SAFARI-2000 campaign.

It consists of about fifty researchers interested in the detection and mapping of fires in southern Africa, and understanding their impacts on the atmosphere and climate. It is linked to the GOFC/GOLD international fire network. The current Chair is Dr Pauline Dube of the University of Botswana. Funding support for this network is provided by START through a grant from NASA. (Contact Dr Pauline Dube)

East African Lakes (IDEAL) The IDEAL network in eastern Africa, plus collaborating institutions in the USA and Europe, investigates the climatology, physical limnology, geochemistry, biological limnology, and palaeoclimatology of the East African Great Lakes. It is a program that promotes and coordinates research by prioritising research needs, facilitating research within Africa by individuals and groups, facilitating communication and collaboration between research groups as well as the sharing of data, equipment, research vessels, and training young scientists in lake research. The program is coordinated by a multi-national, interdisciplinary steering committee, whose membership has changed over time. The IDEAL program has interfaced as effectively as possible with GEF initiatives by the World Bank and UNEP that deal with Lakes Victoria, Tanganyika and Malawi. It has published widely in leading journals, and produced several excellent graduate students. (Contact: Dr E. Odada)

AfriBasins and AfriCAT AfriBasins/AfriCAT comprises the Africa component of the global IGBP-LOICZ programme. The aim is to study river catchment – coastal sea interactions including the human dimensions of coastal change issues using the DPSIR (Driver, Pressure, State, Impact Response) framework as well as to strengthen the regional AfriBasins Network and to seek new value added links to other projects and organizations such as UNEP, GIWA, IOC-UNESCO, START and IHDP. The specific research priorities are outlined by institutions such as NEPAD, AMCEN/AMCOW, and the individual States. In order for LOICZ outputs to be responsive to the regional needs/priorities, there is an ongoing establishment of a regional catchment-coast partnership, which links science and policy. START has been one of the major perovides of funding support for the AfriBasins/AfriCAT effort. (Contact details: Dr. Hartwig Kremer, LOICZ IPO, Texel, The Netherlands, Email: kremer@nioz.nl )

Afriflux A recently-formed network, part of iLEAPS, to stimulate and coordinate the development of CO2 and water flux measurements in Africa and harmonise them with global flux networks. About five participating sites in southern, central and west Africa. START has provided some funding to help set up this network. (Contact: Dr Niall Hanan niall@nrel.colostate.edu)

IGAC/DEBITS-AFRICA (IDAF) IDAF is a combined network of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) and the Deposition of Biogeochemically Important Trace Species (DEBITS) for Africa. The IDAF network was initiated in 1994, the science plan was accepted

by IGAC and WMO in 1995 at a workshop organized and funded by START, and the

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stations of the network set up in 1996 (Sigha Nkamdjou et al., 2003). The main objectives of IDAF are: •To determine, mainly through measurements, the atmospheric removal rates by dry and wet deposition, of biogeochemically important trace species, at regional scales.

• To identify the relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic sources to these deposition fluxes.

•To determine the chemical and physical factors that regulate these deposition fluxes and to develop parameterisations for inclusion in regional and global atmospheric chemistry models.

The network has nine stations in Africa six of which are found in West-Central Africa.

Global Environmental Change And Food Security (GECAFS) This is a core project of the IGBP that deals with future food security. It has active members and activities in Africa, and links to the CGIAR networks discussed below.

(Contact: John Ingram jsii@ceh.ac.uk, www.gecafs.org)

Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) This is a core project of the WCRP that focuses on interannual climate variability. It has an active panel called Variability of African Climate System (VACS), co-chaired by an African researcher and with several African members. (Contact: )

Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Also a core project of WCRP, focussing on the hydrological cycle. Successfully implemented the HAPEX-Sahel research campaign in the 1990s, and a partner in the upcoming African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis project (along with CLIVAR and the IGBP’s International Global Atmospheric Chemistry core project). (Contact: )

Land Use and Land Cover Change (LUCC) LUCC is a shared activity between IGBP and IHDP that examines the patterns and processes of land cover change. There is some overlap with the deforestation community (see GOFC/GOLD/CARPE). They are active in West and East Africa, and have links to the Miombo network in southern Africa (see above). (Contact: Prof Eric Lambin)

Other Human Dimensions of Global Change Research There are many institutions involved in social-science based research with bearing on global change in Africa. They are networked, tightly in some cases and loosely in others, in complicated ways. Examples include the Institute of Development Studies (Sussex), the Overseas Development Institute, the Resilience Alliance and the Stockholm Environmental Institute.

The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) The CGIAR has been in existence since the 1960s. Its network of international research centres is credited with doing much to stave off global hunger since then.

Several of the centres are either based in Africa, or have a major presence in Africa (eg International Institute for Tropical Agriculture in Nigeria, International Centre for Research in Agroforestry in Kenya, International Livestock Research Institute in 20

Ethiopia, the International Food Policy Research Institute and several others). The CG centres work closely with national agricultural research systems, and are part of a farreaching and very active agricultural research and teaching network in Africa. The CGIAR network in Africa is currently being reconfigured to make it simpler and to transfer more decision making to regional and national networks. The CGIAR system has a specific internal network that deals with global change issues as they relate to agriculture, food security and ecosystem services. (http://cgiar.org Contact: )

CLIMAG (Climate and Agriculture in West Africa) CLIMAG is a regional effort under START focussed on developing a regional network of collaborating institutions, including ICRISAT(CGIAR)/Mali, The African Center for Meteorological Applications for Development (ACMAD), the International Research Institute for Climate Prediction, Applied Meteorology Foundation of Italy, the University of East Anglia, national meteorological and agricultural agencies and the farming community in the region. Its basic aim is the improvement and harmonisation of climate prediction for adaptation to and mitigation of global change impacts on agriculture in the Sudano-Sahelian region of West Africa. The network uses information on predictions of the coming rainy season to promote strategies for cropping in order to enhance food production. Linkages are currently being established with other regional projects, including those of UN, WMO, and others.

Contact details: Ramadjita Tabo, ICRISAT, Bamako, Mali

Observing networks Flow Regimes from International Experimental Network Data (FRIEND) Friend is a contribution to the International Hydrological Program (IHP) of UNSECO and aims to develop better understanding of hydrological variability and similarity across time and space through mutual exchange of data, knowledge and techniques at regional level. The project was founded in Europe in 1985 and has since then expanded the world over where it has established three main regional projects one of which is in Africa. The African project covers Southern Africa, West-Central Africa and the Nile basin. Friend research goals in Africa cover a diverse range of topics such as low flows, floods, variability of regimes, rainfall/run-off modelling process, process of stream flow generation, sediment transport, climate change and land-use impact. From a crosscutting standpoint, FRIEND is linked to such themes as global changes and water resources, integrated watershed and aquifer dynamics, land habitat hydrology, water and society and water education and training. At least 90 % of the FRIEND Africa research team is made up of African researchers. FRIEND activities in west and central Africa are also supported by regional training institutions such as EIER and AGRHYMET and river/lake basin organisations such as NBA, LCBC, VBO, OMVG.

World Hydrological Cycle Observing System (WHYCOS) WHYCOS in Africa is complementary to the FRIEND network as each of the two ongoing projects of WHYCOS in southern Africa (SADC-HYCOS) and west-central Africa (AOC-HYCOS) coincide geographically with a regional FRIEND project and

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involves organisations that are also active within FRIEND. Several African researchers play frontline roles in the WHYCOS projects in Africa.

Global observations of Forest Cover (GOFC)/Global Observations of Land Dynamics (GOLD)/Central African Regional Programme for the Environment (CARPE) These groups emerged from IGBP research networks (CARPE arose from a USAIDfunded activity involving WWF) and now reside under GTOS. The networks, which share many members, all work on tropical deforestation issues in Central Africa.

Despite security problems in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Great Lakes regions, solid work continues in the Cameroon, Gabon and elsewhere. (Contact: Dr Alan Belward)

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) The IPCC is not a research network per se, but a formal science assessment body that feeds results to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Nonetheless, through its strenuous efforts to achieve African representation on its various working groups and review panels, it has effectively built up a very strong network of African competence in climate change, running to several hundred researchers (most of which are also in the other research networks identified in this section. IPCC lead authors come from any signatory country of the UNFCCC, and must be nominated by their countries. The IPCC is headquartered at the WMO in Geneva. (http://www.ipcc.org.ch) Figure 1. A representation of the interconnectivity of global change research networks in Africa. Not all nodes or connections are shown – for instance, there are many links from ESSP core projects to African networks, and new core projects, not yet operational in Africa, are not shown.

GTOS

African networks

GOFC/ GOLD

National committees

USAID

Core Projects (not all shown)

ICSU

CARPE IDEAL Miombo

AfriCat AfriBasins

PASS

CliVar GEWEX GLOBEC WCRP IGAC

START

ESSP

SA Fire GCP

Kalahari

iLEAPS PAGES IHDP LUCC DIVERSITAS

IGBP

African projects AMMA Afriflux

AIACC GECAFS World Bank

UNEP

CGIAR

FAO

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International Global Change research initiatives relating to Africa The global change research community, through ESSP and its partners, works in three ways: firstly by proving an intellectual home and stimulus for the individual research activities of thousands of scientists, including several hundred from Africa; secondly by coordinating global activities on particular topics, which usually include African participation; and finally by organising major international research campaigns focussed on particular complex, interdisciplinary issues in some region of the world.

At any one time, there are only a few of these underway globally, and a few more in planning or analysis. An example of such a campaign in the past was the Southern African Fire-Atmosphere Research Initiative (SAFARI) which in 1992 and again in 2000 attracted researchers and organisations from all over the world to study landatmosphere processes in southern Africa. A book, two special issues of Journal of Geophysical Research and many other research papers have resulted (several hundred in total, constituting a large part of the global knowledge on emissions of gas and particles from savanna fires), along with capacity development in several tens of postgraduate students, many from Africa.

African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis Another such coordinated activity will soon be implemented by ESSP in West Africa, the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA, see http://amma.mediasfrance.org). It is a collaboration between WCRP (the CLIVAR and GEWEX projects), IGBP (The IGAC project) and GCOS. It aims to understand the climatological processes associated with the monsoonal system in West Africa. ).

An important step to beef-up the African participation in AMMA was the creation of AMMANET in February 2002 (ISSC, 2004). AMMANET is a network of African researchers that wish to participate in AMMA International program. This network is supported by national meteorological and hydrological services, some African Universities and regional centres like ACMAD, AGRHYMET and ASECNA.

Africa Environmental Outlook This is a periodic process of assessment of the African environment, coordinated by UNEP and undertaken in association with its Global Environmental Outlook process, which is now in its fourth iteration.

Lake Victoria Environment Outlook As part of the AEO process, ecosystem assessments are being undertaken using an adapted integrated environmental assessment and reporting methodology. A Workshop, organized and conducted by PASS, and jointly sponsored by UNEP (Division of Early Warning) and NORAD through START, was held in Kisumu City, Kenya, in September 2004. Over 75 leading environmental scientists and lake managers met in the city on the shores of Lake Victoria to review the environmental status of the lake basin. The Lake Victoria Basin provides an interesting case due its geographic location in Africa and influence on social, economic and environmental issues in the Great Lakes region and beyond. It will serve as a framework for mitigating environmental impacts and for identifying the many stakeholders who can be brought together to address lake-related environmental degradation. The findings

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of this stakeholders’ workshop will be published in a high quality report on Lake Victoria Environment Outlook as a regional contribution to the Second Africa Environment Outlook (AEO-2) and the Fourth Global Environment Outlook reports (GEO-4).

Contact: Prof. Eric O. Odada, PASS, Nairobi. Email: pass@uonbi.ac.ke

Assessment of Water Resources and their Ecosystem Services in Africa This is an ongoing project under the auspices of UNEP-DEWA, NEPAD and STARTAfrica. The main objective of the project is to assess surface water resources and current environmental factors that cause vulnerability to environmental change. The project is coordinated by PASS and implemented by selected Africa regional water institutions and scientists. The project has already completed a rapid assessment of the vulnerability of water resources to environmental change in Africa. More detailed assessments are now underway based on the findings of the rapid assessment. The assessment of vulnerability of water resources to environmental change will contribute to better-informed decisions on early warning, mitigation and restoration of affected freshwater systems. A publication with data and information on vulnerability of water resources in Africa and Policy actions derived from stakeholder consultations is being produced by UNEP-DEWA. The assessment products will contribute to the solution of the problems of water resources management in Africa, in the framework of the African Union Water Vision 2025, the NEPAD Water Agenda, the World Water Summit’s targets, the internationally agreed development goals, including those contained in the Millennium Declaration (MDGs) on Water to solve Africa’s water crisis. The assessment products have also been incorporated in AMCEN and AMCOW Africa Environment Outlook (AEO-2) Freshwater Chapter, and in the UNEP Global Environment Outlook (GEO-4) report to be published in 2006.

Equatorial Africa Macronutrient Atmospheric Deposition Assessment African lakes, and particularly Lake Victoria, are changing trophic status, becoming more enriched. This process appears, from information collected under several GEF OP8 projects, to be largely driven by atmospheric deposition of macronutrients.

Mobilization of these nutrients into the air comes, in turn, from inappropriate land uses. A Workshop was, therefore, held to develop a new proposal to GEF to study the atmospheric deposition of macronutrients in equatorial Africa, covering over 12 countries. This would lay the groundwork for a regional strategy to address this problem in a way that benefits both the population in problematic areas, while preserving the ecology and natural resource values of African Great Lakes and the African landscape in which agriculture is nutrient limited. The proposal falls under the International Water (Sustainable Management of African Great Lakes/Management of Eutrophication processes). The countries involved include the Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Sudan, Central African Republic, Ghana, Senegal, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia amongst others. It has links to previous existing and proposed UNDP and World Bank supported projects of African Lakes (e.g. Tanganyika, Malawi, Victoria).

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Africa Global Change Synthesis Book Global change research in Africa has come a long way over the last few years, and to keep up the momentum, the Pan Africa Committee for START (PACOM) resolved in 2003 that a global change synthesis book for Africa be produced, following that by Tyson et al (2001) which was largely biased towards southern Africa. The book which is currently being prepared for publication in early 2006 will contain a state-of-the-art scientific synthesis of global change work done in the region from the year 2000 onwards. Topics that are being covered include: Palaeoclimate, Climate and extreme events, Water, Carbon, Nitrogen, Human dimensions, Food systems, Land use dynamics, Biodiversity, Emissions, Atmospheric transport and teleconnections, and, Impacts, vulnerability and adaptation. This book will be particularly useful to scientists, policy/decision makers, and the numerous other stakeholders in global environmental change in Africa.

Training Programmes in Global Change Several international training programmes have been initiated to build capacity in global change in Africa. Here we highlight a few of these programmes.

• The Lake Victoria Training Programme is an ongoing project (started 2001) funded by the MacArthur Foundation and NORAD grant to START. The course is scheduled for 4-6 weeks annually and is designed to introduce participants to a variety of concepts, skills, modes of thinking and opportunities that are critical for success in conservation and management of aquatic resources and ecosystems (lakes, rivers, dams, wetlands). The training is targeting graduates, postgraduates and young professionals from Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Sudan, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique and Kenya, working in governments, universities, NGOs who need hand-on experience and research training in Aquatic Sciences needed for effective planning, management and decision-making.

Resource persons are sourced from within and outside Africa.

• The Nyanza Project, an interdisciplinary research training program on tropical lakes that has been running for eight years, provides training opportunities for African and American students. The program funded primarily by the US NSF, is held annually in Kigoma, Tanzania and runs for 7 weeks. It has active collaborations with the Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute and the TACARE (Tanganyika Catchment Afforestation Research) NGO. Annual reports of Nyanza Project research findings (extended abstracts) are available as .pdfs at www.geo.arizona.edu/nyanza. As of 2005, 27 peer-reviewed journal publications, about 80 abstracts for professional society meetings and 16 theses have resulted exclusively or largely from Nyanza Project activities (a current Nyanza Project bibliography is available on request to acohen@geo.arizona.edu).

• Training and Education in Remote Sensing and GIS Applications to Environmental Management is an ongoing training programme (implemented in 2004) aimed at teaching participants how to collect, manage, and apply state-ofthe-art GIS and remote sensing techniques in earth resources exploration and environmental management. During the 2004/5 training supported through a grant to START from NORAD, the participants were able to attend the African Association of Remote Sensing of the Environment (AARSE) conference and benefited from the largest forum for promotion of geo-information technologies in sustainable development in Africa. The training was supported by NORAD and AARSE and organized by PASS at the Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development (RCMRD). It was conducted by resource persons from the 25

International Institute for Geo-information and Earth Observation (ITC), The Netherlands and RCMRD in Nairobi, Kenya. Three of the 2004 / 2005 trainees were invited by UNEP-ROA to Sioux Falls, USA to assist in the production of a Digital Atlas of Africa that shows dramatic environmental changes in the continent.

The Global Water System Project (GWSP) The research goal of the GWSP, an ESSP project, is to understand how human actions are changing the global water system and what environmental and socio-economic feedbacks arise from the anthropogenic changes in the global water system. The GWSP Scientific Steering Committee (SSC) was appointed and held its first full meeting in early 2005 in Bonn, Germany – among the SSC members is Eric Odada from the Pan-African START Secretariat, University of Nairobi, Kenya. In the year 2004 great effort was put into promoting the project in scientific and non-scientific circles and communicating the project’s vision to the public. The GWSP was represented and contacts were established at a number of conferences and meetings including the workshop on ‘a comprehensive/detailed assessment of the vulnerability of water resources to environmental change in Africa using a river basin approach’ at the UNEP headquarters in Nairobi (September 2004). A consultation meeting with international collaborators and GEC programme representatives was held in Bonn in late 2004 to develop collaboration guidelines and initiate joint activities. The ‘International Conference on Integrated Assessment of Water Resources and Global Change: a North-South Analysis’, held in February 2005, was mainly organized by the GWSP International Project Office in Bonn, Germany, and was used as a platform to bring together 130 scientists and policy makers from 29 countries (including 10 participants from six African countries).

Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) Recognizing the fundamental importance of water, and the challenges in ensuring that waters are utilized in a sustainable manner, the Global International Waters Assessment arose from a desire to build a comprehensive, global picture of waterrelated issues which would allow a clear view of the most effective means of ensuring environmentally, socially and economically sustainable use of these vital resources for the benefit of all. A primary aim of GIWA is to identify priorities for effective, action-driven interventions, which will bring about real and meaningful improvements, both within the natural and the socio-economic environments. GIWA has been implemented in 45 sub regions grouped in nine- mega regions across the world from 2003. Sub Saharan Africa is one of the nine-mega regions and hosts eight sub regions, Canary Current, Gulf of Guinea Current, Lake Chad, Benguela Current, Agulhas Current, Indian Ocean Islands, Somali Coastal Current and East African Rift Valley Lakes. The extensive GIWA publications and other datasets resulting from the above studies can be found at www.giwa.net.

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Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats regarding Global Change research in Africa Strengths • Long-standing existing networks • Most Africa-based researchers are unavoidably multidisciplinary • World-class centres of excellence exist in Africa in biodiversity, savanna fire ecology, livelihoods research, agroforestry, livestock, communitybased natural resource management • Pockets of high competence exist in a wide range of global change topics, scattered across many African countries

Opportunities • Current focus on both Africa and global change could lead to greater political and financial support, in and out of Africa • Development of regional data and information systems • Enhanced support for transboundary and cross-sectoral programmes • Facilitation of interaction between regional science and decision-making communities • Capacity building (human and institutional) for sustainability • Greater involvement of existing centres of excellence in Africa in global change research programmes and activities on the continent.

• Better access in Africa to internationallyheld global change data.

Weaknesses • Funding is too little and too intermittent to allow a strong cadre of full-time global change researchers to establish • Poor publication rate in international peer-reviewed literature means African research is invisible. Especially difficult for non-English speakers.

• Lack of a critical mass of world class global change scientists in some countries • Quality of research is very variable, below standard in some cases • Interactions between researchers within Africa is often weaker than between African researchers and colleagues in Europe or the USA • Global change has low political visibility in Africa • Research infrastructure (equipment, connectivity) is inadequate in most countries • Basic observational data sometimes lacking • Not enough interaction between the science and policy communities • Low capacity of Governments to monitor policies and actions related to global change Threats • Loss of highly-skilled individuals to developing countries • The scientific capacity of the continent has been decreasing due to political instability and reductions in funding for science and technology • Capacity building efforts are lagging behind the present urgent need for experts to research on and provide science-based solutions and recommendations for current GEC problems in Africa • Lack of funding to maintain existing or establish new monitoring systems • Isolation of African scientists from the international community due to lack of funding for research

27

Recommendations 1. Build on the existing networks, filling gaps in an interactive top-down-bottomup fashion as they are identified. Network creation and coordination requires modest but steady and sustained funding that is hard to source from researchoriented agencies. A special effort, and perhaps a new overarching structure, is needed to reach researchers whose insights are essential for successful adaptation strategies, but who are currently not linked to the Global Change effort.

2. Increase the amount of funding that is available to African global change researchers in the form of competitive small-to-medium sized research grants ($20 000 to $200 000) from the current level of around $2 million/year to about $20 million/year. A key focus is small grants to allow recent graduates to establish a research direction (‘post-docs’) and to participate in international research campaigns on their own terms.

3. Support the strengthening of around five nascent centres of excellence in global change research in Africa with grants of in the order of $1 million/year for five years. Distribute these centres regionally and focus on issues of African comparative advantage. Use them to attract skilled Africans, currently abroad, to return to Africa. Make the delivery of high-quality doctoral candidates 4. Link ongoing funding to the submission of manuscripts to the international, peer-reviewed literature, and support periodic regional or continental research conferences on global change, that produce published outputs.

5. Encourage large, international research campaigns on topics of global interest to be hosted in Africa, on the basis of about one new campaign every two years (each takes about five years to conceive, implement and complete).

Africa-based researchers should take a leading role in defining their content, and helping to organise them. Examples of key uncertainties include including (among others) the processes and model characterisation of tropical and subtropical rainfall; climate land-surface feedbacks; hydrological cycle impacts in the presence of elevated CO2; impacts and adaptation of biodiversity; responses to changes in vector-borne diseases and the emergence of novel diseases.

6. Address key observational gaps by building institutional, instrumental and human capacity and by developing a cost-sharing model with host countries.

7. Integrate considerations of changing climate, atmosphere, biodiversity and land cover into the planning framework of NEPAD, which already does a good job of considering the changing socio-economic and political circumstances of Africa.

28

Glossary CICERO Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research CLIVAR Climate Variability, a core project of WCRP CGIAR Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research DEBITS Deposition of Biogeochemically Important Trace Species DIVERSITAS International biodiversity research programme ESSP Earth System Science Partnership FAO Food and Agriculture Research Organisation GCOS Global Climate Observing System GECAFS Global Environmental Change and Food Systems GEWEX Global Water Experiment GOFC/GOLD Global Observations of Forest Cover/Global Observations of Land Dynamics ICSU International Council for Science IDAF combined network of IGAC and DEBITS in Africa IDEAL International Decade for East African Lakes IGBP International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme IGAC International Global Atmospheric Chemistry IGFA International Group of Funding Agencies for Global Change Research IHDP International Human Dimensions Programme iLEAPS Integrated Land-Atmosphere Ecosystem Project LUCC Land Use and Cover Change PASS Pan-African Start Secretariat START System for Analysis, Research and Training WCRP World Climate Research Programme

References Carter, TR, Hulme, M,Crossley, JF, Maleyshev S, New, MG, Schlesinger ME, and Toumenvirta, H 2000 Climate change in the 21st century- interim characterisation based on the new IPCC emission scenarios. The Finnish Environment 433. Helsinki.

CICERO 2000 Developing strategies for climate change: The UNEP country stidies on climate change impacts and adaptations assessments. Edited by Karen O’Brien.165p Desanker, P, Mugadza, C, Allali, A, Basalirwa, C, Boko, M, Dieudonne, G, Downing, TE, Dube, P, Githeko, A, Githendu, M, Gonzalez, P, Dwary, D, Jallow, B, Nwafor, J, and Scholes, R 2001 Africa. In McCarthy, J.J., Canziani, O.F., Leary, N.A., Dokken, D.J. and White, K.S. (eds) Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. IPCC/Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 489-525.

Fischer, G, van Velthuizen, H., Shah, M and Nachtergaele, FO. 2002. Global agroecological assessment for agriculture in the 21st century: methodology and results.

International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria, and FAO, Rome.

29

Hulme, M, Barrow, EM, Arnell, N, Harrison PA, Downing TE, And Johns, TC 1999 Relative impacts of human induced climate change and natural climate variability.

Nature 397, 688-91 IGBP 41 (1997) The miombo network. P Desanker, PGH Frost, COJ Justice and RJ Scholes (eds) International Geosphere Bisophere Programme Report 41, Stockholm.

IGBP 42 (1997) The Kalahari Transect. RJ Scholes and DAB parsons (eds) International Geosphere Bisophere Programme Report 42, Stockholm.

ISSC 2004 African contribution to AMMA. First ISSC meeting Geneva, WMO. Martens, W.J.M., Kovats, R.S., Nijhof, S., de Vries, P., Livermore, M.J.T., McMichael, A.J., Bradley, D. and Cox, J. 1999 . Climate change and future populations at risk of malaria. Global Environmental Change 9, S89-107.

McMichael, A.J. and A. Githeko 2001. Human Health. In McCarthy, J.J., Canziani, O.F., Leary, N.A., Dokken, D.J. and White, K.S. (eds) Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. IPCC/Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Pp 453-478 Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005 Ecosystems and Human Wellbeing: Synthesis. Island Press, Washington. 137 pp.

O'Reilly, C. M., Alin, S.R., Plisnier, P.-D., Cohen, A.S., Mckee, B.A. (2003). Climate Change decreases aquatic ecosystem productivity of Lake Tanganyika, Africa. Nature 424, 766 - 768 Sharma, N, Damhang, T, Gilgan-Hunt, E, Grey, D, Okaru, V and Rothberg, D 1996 African Water Resources: challenges and opportunities for sustainable development.

World Bank Technical paper 33. Washington.

Scholes, RJ and Biggs R 2004 Ecosystem Services in southern Africa: a regional Assessment. CSIR, Pretoria.

Scholes, RJ, Kueper, W and Biggs, R. (in prep) Biodiversity. Africa Environment Outlook-2, United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi.

Scheffer, M., Holmgren, M., Brovkin, V. And Claussen, M. 2005 Synergy between small-and large-scale feedbacks of vegetation on the water cycle. Global Change Biology 11, 1003-1012.

Sigha-Nkamdjou L., Galy-Lacaux C., Pont V., Richard S., Sighomnou D. & Lacaux J. P. : Rainwater chemistry and wet deposition over the equatorial forested ecosystem of Zoétélé (Cameroon). J. Atmos. Chem., 46, 173-198.

UNEP, 2004. Odada, E.O., Olago, D., Kulindwa, K.A.A., Bugenyi, F., West, K., Ntiba, M., Wandiga, S. and Karimumuryango, J. East African Rift Valley Lakes, GIWA Regional assessment 47. University of Kalmar, Kalmar, Sweden.

30

Vorosmarty, C et al (in Press). Freshwater. Cahpetr 7, Condition and Trend Working Group, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Island Press, Washington.

31

Appendices Directory of African scientists involved in Global Change Research Country Number of Scientists ALGERIA 4 ANGOLA 0 BENIN 12 BOTSWANA 19 BURKINA FASO 1 BURUNDI 4 CAMEROON 3 CAPE VERDE 0 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 0 CHAD 1 COMORO ISLANDS 0 CONGO 5 COTE D`IVOIRE 41 DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO 2 DJIBOUTI 0 EGYPT 29 ERITREA 0 ETHIOPIA 12 EQUATORIAL GUINEA 0 GABON 1 GAMBIA 1 GHANA 71 GUINEA 2 GUINEA BISSAU 2 KENYA 119 LESOTHO 4 LIBERIA 2 LIBYA 0 MADAGASCAR 1 MALAWI 14 MALI 12 MAURITANIA 0 MAURITIUS 5 MOROCCO 2 MOZAMBIQUE 5 NAMIBIA 4 NIGER 34 NIGERIA 51 REUNION 0 RWANDA 1 SAO TOME & PRINCIPE 0 SENEGAL 20 SEYCHELLES 2 SIERRA LEONE 21 SOMALIA 0 SOMALILAND 0 SOUTH AFRICA 104 SUDAN 5 SWAZILAND 2 TANZANIA 17 TOGO 26 TUNISIA 14 UGANDA 23 WESTERN SAHARA 0 ZAMBIA 18 ZIMBABWE 21

32

Thematic Area of Research

Number of Scientists

%Total

Agriculture, climate and food systems

66

4.8

Aquatic ecology and ecosystems

23

1.7

Assessments of impacts/adaptation/vulnerability

30

2.2

Atmospheric chemistry, aerosols, pollution

74

5.4

8

0.6

Atmospheric physics Biodiversity and Conservation

34

2.5

Biogeochemistry

13

0.9

Biotechnology Climate change and climate variability Energy Environmental chemistry and pollution

14

1.0

274

19.9

34

2.5

9

0.7

Environmental law, policy and management

11

0.8

Global change and education

16

1.2

213

15.4

Global change and geo-environment

54

3.9

global change and health

17

1.2

Global change and natural resources

32

2.3

Global change and pollution

24

1.7

Global change and sustainable development

52

3.8

Global change and the biosphere

35

2.5

3

0.2

Global change and environment

Global change and tourism Global change and water resources

41

3.0

Human dimensions of global change

46

3.3

Land use/land cover change

65

4.7

Land-ocean interactions in the coastal zone

36

2.6

Modelling, Statistics and Scenario generation

34

2.5

Palaeoclimatology and Palaeoecology

26

1.9

Remote sensing and GIS applications

34

2.5

Terrestrial ecology and ecosystems Total

62

4.5

1380

100.0

33

Country

Surname

Other_names Address

Interests

Algeria Algeria

Djellouli Loumi

Yamana Salina

B.P. 812 Alger Gare, 1600 Alger B.P. 32, El Alia, Bab. Ezzomir, Alger

MEDCOM; climate change; environment Bilan hydrique à l`interface sol/atmosphère. Le cycle de carbone des océans et des ecosystèmes terestres. Environnement et developpement. (Hydraulic balance at earth/air interface. The carbon cycle of the oceans and terrestrial ecosystems. Environment and development)

Algeria

Mohamed

Senouci

B.P. 7019, Oran,

Interaction between tropical systems and middle-latitude circulation on North African climate; sensitivity of the North African region to global warming (including Med area)

Algeria

Tellia

Djamila

06 place El Quods, Hydra

Impact entre le rechauffement de la Planète et la dynamique des mers (élevation des niveau des eaux et effects de serre) Speciallement -- modelisation. (Impacts between the warming of the planet and the dynamics of the seas (sea level rise and drought...

Benin Benin Benin Benin Benin Benin Benin

Adam Ahlonsou Akoegninou Asse Baglo Biaou Boko

Kolawole Sikirou D. Epiphane Akpovi A. Sévérin A. Marcel Benoit Étienne Michel

B.P. 7060, Cotonou B.P. 379, Cotonou B.P. 7060, Cotonou Cotonou B.P. 7060, Cotonou B.P. 526, Cotonou B.P. 526, Cotonou

Sea level rise and integrated coastal zone study

Benin

Cledjo

F.G.A. Placide

B.P. 526, Cotonou

Climate`s Rhythm and Pathologies (case of So.aja and Aguegue in Rep. of Bénin.`Renouveau` trouble`s face to flood events in Cotonou city

Benin

Houssou

Christophe Segbe

B.P. 526, Cotonou

Climate change; rainfall variability; heat and temperature increases; weather elements; impact on human and animal health; economic system and human habitation.

Benin Benin

Profagi Toffi

Mathias D. Mathias

Cotonou B.P. 03-1665, Cotonou

Benin Botswana

da Matha Sant`ana Adedoyin

Marcel John Akintayo

B.P. 7060, Cotonou Private Bag 0022, Gaborone

Botswana Botswana Botswana

Arntzen Chanda Dambe

Jaap Raban Dikgadima

Private Bag 0022, Gaborone Private Bag 0022, Gaborone P.O. Box 10100, Gaborone

Health and climate in Republic of Benin, especially Cotonou Global climate change; rainfall variability; dynamics of natural ecosystems; impact on economic system and human health (through changes in water resources availability); food crops production.

Les bilans d`energie à l`echelle planetaire repartissent les systemes climatiques dans le temps et l`espace. Le récent rechauffement de la terre marqué par le degel des glaciers des hautes latitudes et la secheresse de des tropiques creés une nouvelles distr.....

Climate change; Global sea-surface temperature anomalies; Rainfall characteristics; Dynamics of tropical rain-producing systems Environmental science Impact of climate change on agricultural production.

34

Botswana Botswana Botswana

Datta Dube Fraser

Ansu Pauline Opha Warwick

Private Bag 0022, Gaborone Private Bag 0022, Gaborone P.O. Box 55, Kasane

Botswana

Hancock

Peter

PB 00300, Plot 712, Kwai Rd, Gaborone

Botswana Botswana Botswana Botswana Botswana Botswana

Kentshitswe Lesolle Matale Mbaakanye Moganane Muzila

M. David Choma D.M. Boago Isaac

Private Bag 00378, Gaborone P.O. Box 10100, Gaborone Private Bag 0049, Gaborone P.O. Box 1310, Gaborone Private Bag 003, Gaborone Priv Bag 0029, Old Lobatse Rd, Gaborone

Botswana Botswana Botswana Botswana

Ringrose Sekhwela Theophilus Totolo

Susan Mogodisheng B.M. Isaac Kaumana Otlogetswe

Private Bag 0022, Gaborone Private Bag 0022, Gaborone P.O. Box 11, Maun Private Bag 0022, Gaborone

Botswana

Zhou

Peter Pinas

Broadhurst, Gaborone

Environmental impacts of energy systems and land-use activities and their implications on Global Climate change and local socio-economics.

Burkina Faso Burundi

Mamadou Babiker

Simpore Ahmed

P.O. Box 2098, Ouagadougou P.O. Box 605, Bujumbura

Telecommunications development in African countries World Climate Research Programme (WCRP); Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change (HDP)

Burundi Burundi Burundi Cameroon

Boulama Degefu Nahimana Kamgang Beyala

Mohamed Workneh Louis Véronique

P.O. Box 605, Bujumbura P.O. Box 605, Bujumbura B.P. 2700, Bujumbura Univ. de Yaounde, B.P. 4110, Yaounde

Cameroon

Ngoufo

Roger

P.O. Box 755, Yaounde

Effects that climatic change will have on vegetation distribution, avian distribution and on the effects of change on the major conservation areas of southern Africa (e.g., national parks).

Effects of prescribed burning on savanna; vegetation, especially southern Africa Soil which is a very important natural resource in any country. An assessment of the properties of soils and their response to management is required in agriculture, forestry and environment for informed decision making in rural and urban planning, …

PAGES; paleoclimatology; monsoons Sol et Dynamique Forestière; géologie, surtout la géologie des Formations superficielles (géochimie de surface). Soils and forest dynamics; geology, especially the geology of recent formations (geochemistry of surfaces) The impacts of the destruction of mountain ecosystems and landscapes on global change.

35

Cameroon

Ngwa Nebasina

Emmanuel

P.O. Box 755, Yaounde

Environmental degradation, with emphasis on the Sahel zone of Cameroon. Particular target groups and activities concern women crop cultivators, cattle rearers and the natural resources which go with them. One is thinking here in terms of land cover, so....

Chad Congo

Noh Minga

Adaffana A.

B.P. 1117, N`djaména DGRST/CERGEC, B.P. 125, Brazzaville

Congo

Mpounza

Marcel

B.P. 2642, Brazzaville

Mes travaux contribuent à la caracterisation de l`état hydrique des savanes à partir de l`indice de vegetation normalisé (NDVI) et de la temperature de surface obtenus grâce aux données de Satellites fournies par le centre Global Resources Information D....

Congo

Nanga-Maniane

Jean

B.P. 14536, Brazzaville

Congo

Nganga

Dominique

Congo

Tathy

Jean-Pierre

U. Marien Ngoubi, B.P. 69, Brazzaville B.P. 2499, Brazzaville

Global change research; effects of climate change on human health; management of global change by populations Greenhouse gases; ozone

Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire

Abolou Abé

Camille Jacques

Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire

Achi Achy Affian Ahoba Aka

Séka Guillaume Kouadio Assandé Kouassi Marcel

Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire

Aka Aka Ake Aloko-N`Guessan

Kouamé Kouamé Severin Jerome

01 B.P. V28, Bouake 01 29 rue des Pêcheurs, B.P. V18, Abidjan 22 B.P. 582, Abidjan 22 15 B.P. 990, Abidjan 15 22 B.P. 582, Abidjan 08 B.P. 33, Abidjan 29 rue des Pêcheurs, B.P. V18, Abidjan 22 B.P. 582, Abidjan B.P. V34, Abidjan 22 B.P. 582, Abidjan 22 8 B.P. 892, Abidjan 08

Cote D`ivoire

Aman

Angora

22 B.P. 582, Abidjan

Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire

Anguié Assa Achy Brou

Anguié Mathieu Oura

B.P. 831, Cedex 1, Abidjan 06 22 B.P. 971, Abidjan 22 01 B.P. 3770, Abidjan 01

To participate in international programs on global change research through ozone program.

Fluxes of CO and CO2 in the atmosphere of intertropical Africa.Other address: Centre de Recherche Geographique et de Production Cartographique (CERGEC), B.P. 125, Brazzaville Sociolinguistics; creolistics; syntax of African popular French

Ecological history; socio-cultural aspects of environment Biotechnology; improvement by tissue culture (plants); phytopathology; plant physiology Population development and environment; transportation development and environment; urban housing; rural development and environment Global versus local changes in upwelling systems (coastal upwelling off Côte d`Ivoire and Ghana).

Biorhythm of savannah vegetation.

Air pollution; energy and its effects on environment; environment management

36

Cote D`ivoire

Cissoko

Ahmed Souleymane

B.P. V18, Abidjan

Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire

Da Egnankou Etien

Kouheté Philippe Wadja Mathieu N`dah

Cote D`ivoire

Gomez

Marcellin

22 B.P. 582, Abidjan 22 22 B.P. 582, Abidjan 29 rue des Pêcheurs, B.P. V18, Abidjan 22 B.P. 221, Abidjan

Cote D`ivoire

Hié

Daré Jean Pierre

Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire

Houphouet-Koffi Ismaïla Jourda

Helene Kone Jean Patrice

Cote D`ivoire

Kaba

Nasséré

Cote D`ivoire

Konan-Brou

Annabelle Amoin

29 rue des Pêcheurs, B.P. V18, Abidjan B.P. V18, Abidjan

Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire

Koné Kouassi Kra Matlon N`Guettia Yao

Doffangui Aka Marcel Konan Peter René

B.P. 633, Bouake 01 B.P. V18, Abidjan B.P. 133, Abidjan 07 01 B.P. 2551, Bouake 08 B.P. 35, Abidjan 08

Cote D`ivoire

Ochou

Abé Delfin

22 B.P. 582, Abidjan 22

Cote D`ivoire

Sahrawat

Kanwar

01 B.P. 2551, Bouake

Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire

Siaka Souleymane Tapé Toure Yapo Zamble

Bamba Bakayoko Bidi Sekou Claude Bi Irie

B.P. V18, Abidjan B.P. V18, Abidjan 01 B.P. V34, Abidjan 01 B.P. V148, Abidjan 22 B.P. 582, Abidjan 22 B.P. V34, Abidjan

29 rue des Pêcheurs, B.P. V18, Abidjan 01 B.P. 2599, Bouake B.P. V18, Bouake 22 B.P. 582, Abidjan

Ocean dynamics and climate; ocean observations, long time-series measurements; sea level changes and interpretations

About LOICZ Ecology and Management of Mangroves of Cote d`Ivoire for long-lasting is his topic for 1994-1996. A proposal about this topic has been made.

Interference between modern medicine and traditional medicine in Africa -- the case of Côte d`Ivoire Etre au rendez-vous mondial du donné et du reçevoir en matière scientifique.

Recherche et gestion des ressources en eau souterraine; pollution urbaine et des eaux souterrains; (research on subterranean water resources; urban pollution and subterranean water pollution)

Climate change impacts on water resources; policies in climate change management; primary production; biodiversity; ecology; psychology Effects of global change on production of annual crops Global ocean euphotic zone study; air-sea exchange of chemicals Two-way interaction between agriculture and climate change; specific interests in Africa and culture Deforestation and vegetation change impacts on climate change; climate change impacts on plant growth and yield; climate change impacts on food crops` water requirement.

Rainfall estimation by satellite and radar; study of raindrop-size characteristics with the aid of a distrometer Sustainable management of soil fertility in rice-based cropping systems of humid and sub-humid West Africa Hydrology; transport of sediments Geophysical prospecting for identification of marine sediments

Electronic applications; remote sensing; environment

37

Cote D`ivoire Cote D`ivoire

Zelli Zoundjihekpon

Digbehi Bruno Jeanne

22 B.P. 582, Abidjan 22 22 B.P. 582, Abidjan 22

PAGES; paleoclimatology; monsoons Conservation de la nature et des ressources genetiques (biodiversitĂŠ). AmĂŠlioration des plantes alimentaires africaines. (Conservation of nature and genetic resources (biodiversity); improvement of African food plants) Limnology of aquatic ecosystems (Lake Kivu), physico-chemical parameters, diseases (Schistosomiasis)

Democratic Republic Of Congo

Bagalwa

Jean Jacques

Department of Biology, Center for Research in Natural Sciences, (CRNS/LWIRO) D.S Bukavu, DRC

Egypt

Abd El-Salam

Egypt

Abdel-Gawaad

Mohamed ElHousseny Ahmed Abdel-Wahab

National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo Moshtohor, Kalubia

Egypt

Abdou

Wafaa

El-Tahrir Street, Dilli, Cairo

Extensive studies have been made on the environmental chemistry of active principles in the realm of the photodegradation of pesticides, widely used in plant protection in Egypt since 1979. The results of these photodegradation experiments were published...

Egypt

Ayyad

Mohamed Abdel

Moharrem Bey, Alexandria

Impacts of man on the structure and function of natural and agro ecosystems under desert conditions; impacts of land-use/land cover changes in Mediterranean desert ecosystems; impacts of land use and climatic changes on pasture and range composition and.....

Egypt

El-Lakany

M. Hosny

113 Kasr El Aini St P.O. 2511, Cairo

Egypt

El-Nofely

Aly

El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo

Deforestation, desertification, and land degradation-monitoring and control measures; fresh water resources in arid regions; conservation of genetic resources of arid regions; restoration forestry/ecology Human dimensions of global change, particularly the impact of environmental pollution and changes on human physique and behaviour; consequences of biological mixture of various human groups due to ease and simplicity of transportation might prove of utmost.................

Egypt

El-Raey

Mohamed

163 Horreya Ave, PO Box 832, Chatby 21526, Alexandria

Egypt

El-Sayed

Mahmoud

Moharrem Bey, Alexandria

Egypt Egypt

El-Shehawy El-Shibiny

Mohamed Safinaz

Egypt

El-Zanfaly

Helmy

Cairo University, 12613 Giza (Cairo) National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo

Milk and cheese production from cows and buffaloes Transformation of atmosphere and biosphere by agrochemicals; transformation of environment over long periods of time (over the past 9,000 years through three different models); atmospheric chemistry of agrochemicals and the global climatic changes

Monitoring and analysis of air pollution parameters; remote sensing and change detection for coastal areas; GIS and impact analysis techniques and applications; socioeconomic surveys and analysis of responses Sea-level change, past and future; dating; archaeological sedimentology; impact of climate change, physical and socio-economic; pathway models; management, mitigation policy Climate models Milk and cheese production from cows and buffaloes Water pollution problems resulting from human activities in developing countries and how to control; health effects of water pollution; environmental impact assessment resulting from development plans; relationships between the differences of social level....

38

Egypt

Elghazali

Mohamed Shawki

Cairo University, Cairo

Use of remote sensed imagery (land satellites) in monitoring changes; desertification; coastal changes; land use study from aerial and satellite imagery

Egypt

Ghabbour

Samir Ibrahim

Cairo University, 12613 Giza (Cairo)

Egypt

Karaman

Gamal el-Din

Minia University, El-Minia

Soil fauna; soil ecology; natural resources; conservation; environmental protection; environmental management It is well known that the tremendous use of pesticides to control the insect pests has created great changes in the environment. Therefore, the use of natural enemies of such pests is seriously needed for recovering the natural balance in the environment...

Egypt Egypt

Kishk Mansour

Mohammad Sameeh

Minia University, El-Minia El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo

Land use; soil conservation; desertification; soil, water and food pollution Environmental toxicology; pesticide residues monitoring; risk assessment of environmental chemicals; biological indicators for assessment of environmental pollutants; pesticide management strategies; searching for naturally occurring pesticides; training...

Egypt Egypt Egypt

Mikhail Mishriky Nada

Wafai Zaki Azer Nawal Abd-Alla

Cairo University, 12613 Giza (Cairo) El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo

Egypt

Nour

Mohamed A.

Nile Tower Bldg, P.O. Box 52, Orman, Giza

Biodiversity of soil fauna and their trophic groups Syntheses of Newer Heterocycles of anticipated broad spectrum biological activity Pulp and paper technology; cellulose chemistry and technology; cellulose derivatives; hardboard and particle board technology; utilization of black liquor produced from pulp mills; lignin chemistry and technology; viscose rayon‌..

MEDCOM, development, environment, northern Africa

Egypt

S. Abdel Razik

Mohamed

Moharrem Bey, Alexandria

Impacts of man on the structure and function of natural and agro ecosystems under desert conditions; impacts of land-use/land cover changes in Mediterranean desert ecosystems; impacts of land use and climatic changes on pasture and range composition and...

Egypt

Saad

Massoud

Moharrem Bey, 21511 Alexandria

Water and sediments of inland water bodies (lakes and rivers); estuaries and coastal marine regions; environmental characteristics, chemistry and pollution (organic and inorganic)

Egypt

Sabet

Kamal A.

Nile Tower Bldg, P.O. Box 52, Orman, Giza

MEDCOM; environment; development; northern Africa

Egypt

Sefain

Maddi Zaki

El-Tahrir Street, Dokki, Cairo

Cellulose chemistry and technology; hard and particle board chemistry and technology; pulp and paper; utilization of the agricultural residues; evaluation of scientific researches

Egypt

Shaltout

M.A. Mosalam

Helwan, Cairo

Egypt Egypt

Sobhy Springuel

Hassan Mohamed Irina Vassilevna

Cairo University, 12613 Giza, Cairo Aswan University, Aswan

Solar energy as clean, alternative, safe and renewable energy for the future; climatic change by solar activity and the Nile flooding; solar radiation attenuation by air pollutants; solar flares and geophysical disturbances Biochemistry of soil fauna and their trophic groups Plant ecology

39

Egypt

Zaghloul

Zaki Mohamed

Mansoura University, Mansoura

Coastal changes of the Nile delta area; distribution and drifting of sea bottom sediments off the Nile delta; environmental monitoring of recent soils in the north Nile delta; geomorphological and geological evolution and subsidence of the Nile delta ....

Egypt

Zahran

Mahmoud

Mansoura University, Mansoura

Plant ecology; phytosociology; eco-physiology; aquatic vegetation; halophytic vegetation; xerophytic vegetation; establishment of halophytes and xerophytes; wetland vegetation (mangrove, red swamp); soil-plant relationships; vegetation and environmental...

Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia

Bekele Eyesus Kassa Mekonnen Mengestou Mihretu

Fekadu Yohannes Fekadu Ademe Seyoum Mebrate

Addi P.O. Box 1090, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1090, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 47, Assebe Tefferi P.O. Box 1090, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa Addis Ababa

Climate variability in Africa and global teleconnections, more specifically on east African climate Climate variability in Africa and global teleconnections, specifically on east African climate Soil science, especially fertilizer application Climate change / variability assessment with particular reference to East Africa PAGES; paleoclimatology; monsoons; biology; I am very interested in participating in the global change research programme through the network information exchange among scientists who are conducting research on this topic would be available. I would like also to be one of the participants in...

Ethiopia

Mohamad Ali

Ibrahim Sayed

P.O. Box 21562, Addis Ababa

Global change, agriculture, natural resources and food security; Legal, social and political institutions dealing with environmental issues; Environmental legislation, i.e., agreements and conventions on natural resources, eg forests, wild….....

Ethiopia Ethiopia Ethiopia

Sendek Tirfe Tsighe

Enyat Yemenu Zemenfes

P.O. Box 30726, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 30720, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa

Ethiopia

Umer Mohammed

Mohammed

P.O. Box 3434, Addis Ababa

Societal change; people and religion; people and culture; health and environment Natural phenomena; economic changes; cultural changes; environmental changes Population growth, land use change and its impacts on the environment; impacts of land tenure systems and decision-making structure on land use and land degradation; environmental perception and environmental behaviour Reconstruction of paleoenvironment and paleoclimate of Ethiopia during the Holocene with particular emphasis to the last four thousand years in order to distinguish human impact from low amplitude climatic changes. Method used in high resolution pollen....

Ethiopia

Yonas

Metaferia

P.O. Box 62347, Addis Ababa

Gabon Gambia

N`tchayi Mbourou Jallow

Gaston Bubu

B.P. 943, Franceville 7 Marina Parade, Banjul

Ghana

ATTUA

EMMANUEL

Department of Botany, University of Ghana

Ecological impacts of land use / cover change

Ghana

Abakah

Edward

P.O. Box C519, Cantonments, Accra

Internationalization of the environment: Challenges for developing countries.

Photo-voltaic solar energy technology; biogas technology; micro-hydropower electricity-generating technology Problèmes de modelisation. Étude des aérosols Sahariens et Sahéliens Development of national inventory of greenhouse gas emission sources and sinks; assessment of potential impacts of climate change on socio-economic sectors at national/regional levels

40

Ghana Ghana Ghana

Acquah Addotey-Allotey Adiku

Peter Ebenezer Samwel

P.O. Box M248, Accra P.O. Box 3969, Accra Dept of soil science, Faculty of Agriculture, Un‌‌...., Accra

Climate change ozone depletion Water resources & climate change.

Simulation of the daily rainfall and other weather variables; Rainfall forecasting using global circulation phenomena such as SOI AND SST; Linking weather forecast models to crop models

Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana

Adomako Adzaku Afre Afrifa-Gyasi

James Joseph S.A. Maxwell Nathan

Legon, Accra P.O. Box M32, Accra University Post Office, Kumasi P.O. Box M60, Accra

Biodiversity; Rainfall patterns.

Ecotoxicology; Pollution in aquatic environment.

Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana

Agble Agyepong Akrasi Alawiye Alhassan Amisigo Amoako-Atta Amuzu Anthonio Anyanful Appiah

Francis Gottfried Sampson Shamsudeen Walter Barnabas Boakye Anthony Tawia Stephen James Michael

P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi Legon, Accra P.O. Box M32, Accra P.O. Box 839, Accra P.O. Box 20, Achimota P.O. Box M32, Accra P.O. Box 16496, Accra - Airport P.O. Box M32, Accra P.O. Box M32, Accra P.O. Box M32, Accra P.O. Box 8, Tafo - Akim

Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana

Armah Asante Asante Ayiku Bam Bannerman

Ayaa Kojo Isaac Joana M.N.B. Ralph Kwame Robert

Legon, Accra Legon, Accra P.O. Box M32, Accra P.O. Box M32, Accra Legon, Accra P.O. Box 10259, Accra - North

Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana

Barnes Bedi-Bella Bekoe Boateng

Ebenezer Amissah Della Emmanuel Abena Ernest

P.O. Box M32, Accra P.O. Box C519, Cantonments, Accra P.O. Box M32, Accra P.O. Box 84 Trade Fair Site, Accra

Legislation (national) and conventions on the environment; Rural development through indigenous rural banking.

Arid and coastal vegetations.

Land use and cover change.

Erosion and sediment yield.

Green House effects; ozone layer; desertification Livestock activity and range stability recycling of agriculture wastes and abatement of pollution.

Computer modeling of effects of global change on surface water resources.

Environmental conservation; sustainable land use; biodiversity conservation Environment; pollution control; water quality Sea Level rise and its impact on coastal zones; shoreline management.

Physics and statistics; scientific editing The role of soil productivity in sustainable agriculture in the tropics with the view to minimizing or avoiding deforestation.

Sea level rise impacts on the coastal zone Biodiversity; conservation Application of remote sensing and GIS Legal issues emerging out of global change.

Ground water pollution as a result of leaking of nitrates especially from agricultural lands Arid area hydrogeology; groundwater level fluctuation and changes; effect on rural well water supplies Water pollution and its control.

Development, institutions and the environment.

Catchment hydrology; human influences in basins.

Climate ecosystems

41

Ghana

Boateng

Samuel Mintah

P.O. Box M32, Accra

Interested in research programmes which will highlight issues involving effects of industrial waste emissions on global environmental change

Ghana Ghana Ghana

Enu-Kwesi Essegbey Fianu

Lewis George Owusu Francis

P.O. Box 55, Legon, Accra P.O. Box C519, Accra Legon, Accra

Ghana

Fleischer

Joseph Edmund

P.O. Box 226, Legon, Accra

Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana

Frempong Frempong Garbrah Gordon Gyasi Gyekye

Godfred Daniel Gyasi Benjamin Christopher Edwin K.

P.O. Box C519, Accra P.O. Box M32, Accra P.O. Box 492, Dansoman Legon, Accra Legon, Accra Airpt Resid Area, PO Box M32, Off Agostino Neto Rd, Accra

Deforestation; desertification control; climate change; biodiversity and sustainable development Promotion of science culture; creating information technology awareness Impact of human activities on vegetation degradation and implications for food production; land use planning Impact of human activity, climatic change on the changes in forage biomass productivity and livestock production as well as soil nutrient status on the Accra and Winneba plains or the coastal savannas of Ghana....

Science and technology studies; technology transfer.

Groundwater resources Global warming; ozone depletion Sea level rise; wetlands; health and sanitation Population; agricultural land use; environmental change in the tropics

Ghana

Kofigah

Kenneth Frank

P.O. Box 3106, Accra

Global change research: ozone layer depletion, rising sea levels, global warming, maritime pollution, green house effect, environmental degradation.

Ghana Ghana

Korsah-Brown Laing

Douglas Ebenezer

P.O. Box 3794, Accra Airpt Res. Area, P.O. Box M32, Off Agostino Neto Rd, Accra

Sources of sinks and gases; impacts of climate change (potential); response strategies/policies NAFCOM Secretariat; climate change; land use; energy use

Ghana Ghana

Larmie Laryea

Seth Emmanuel Obuamah

P.O. Box M32, Accra P.O. Box 13923, Accra

Ghana

Markwei

Carol

Legon, Accra

Environmental quality & management Environmental health; primary health care; non-profit (NGO) management issues; sustainable agriculture; international development assistance; organic fertilizer; solar technology; population issues Effects of ozone, increase in environmental temperature and uv-b on growth and development of tropical flora with emphasis on food crops and forest trees

Ghana

Mohammed

Idris

P.M.B. 1414, Maiduguri

Developments in immunological research including, genetic engineering, immune complex disease, advances in infectious disease

Ghana

Nana-Amankwaah

Eugene

P.O. Box M32, Accra

Ghana

Nawurah

Alphonsus

P.O. Box C519, Accra

Effects of Basin characteristics on the limnology of lakes and reservoirs;. pollution studies and their effect on quality of reservoirs, lakes, rivers and groundwater systems; air pollution and its effect on human beings Global trends and implications for developing countries; Problem of industrial dynamism in developing countries

42

Ghana

Nsiah

Winifred

ALPHA CONSULT, P.O Box 11333 Accra - North

Impacts of the changes on the environment and possible engineering solutions

Ghana Ghana

Ntiamoa-Baidu Opoku-Ankomah

Yaa Yaw

Legon, Accra P.O. Box M32, Accra

Effects on wildlife particularly sea & shorebirds and coastal wetland habitats Investigation of geophysical variables for drought forecasting. This includes examination of stabilities in the variables and relationships in view of possible changes in the climate

Ghana

Opoku-Duah

Stephen

P.O. Box M32, Accra

Impact of farming activities on land and water resources;. Soil survey and land evaluation for agricultural and other uses; Geographic information systems - use of aerial photography and landsat imageries

Ghana

Oppong

E.N.W.

Airprt Resid Area, PO Box M32, Off Agostino Rd, Accra

Ghana Ghana Ghana Ghana

Osafo Osei Oteng-Yeboah Owusu

Daniel Eunice Alfred George

Kumasi Legon, Accra P.O. Box 55, Legon, Accra P.O. Box 8, Tafo, Akim

Ghana

Padi

Beatrice

International Airport, Accra

Ghana

Paintsil

Dorcas

P.O. Box M32, Accra

Ghana Ghana

Quartey Rockson, Jr.

Solomon Albert

P.O. Box 67, Legon, Accra P.O. Box 11132, Accra

Ghana

Sackey

Sammy

P.O. Box 8, New Tafo - Akim

Sustainable agriculture & food production through disease control - biological control and conventional and non conventional breeding. Studies into environmental impact of agro chemicals.

Ghana Ghana

Sackey Sam

Isaac Emmanuel Kwesi

c/o Prof. E. Laing, Legon, Accra P.O. Box M32, Accra

Impact of sea level rise on mangrove ecosystems Population, Resources, Environment and Development. M. Phil Thesis: Demographic and SocioEconomic factors and sustainable water resources utilization in the Densu River Basin.

Ghana Ghana Ghana

Sekpey Siaw Tsiagbey

Nelson Dan Michael

P.O. Box M32, Accra Kumasi P.O. Box M32, Accra

Groundwater resources aspect

Ghana

Tumbulto

Jacob

P.O. Box M32, Accra

Effects of weather conditions ( & climate) on the growth and yield of crops Vegetational change due to agricultural and other human activities Biodiversity; Conservation; Vegetation Virus diseases of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and their control. The major disease of concern is cocoa swollen sheet. This disease has devastated many peasant farms for over 50 years, forcing farmers to move to new forest‌ Sustainable pest control using environmentally friendly methods such as biological control with natural enemies and sex phenomones Surface water resources (quality); Ground Water Resources (quality); Rain water (quality); Pollution studies on water Quantitative & qualitative assessment of concentrations of green house gas emissions Participatory rural appraisal in renewable natural resources management; Resource policy and administration with special interest in water policy

Irrigation; water management; environmental education; transfer of knowledge in hydrology and water resources Application to water resources management

43

Ghana

Yidana

Joshua Adam

UDS Box 1350, Tamale

Effects of environmental degradation and annual bush fires on loss of bio-diversity in the savanna vegetation. Experimentation on the techniques of conservation of local plant species. Agroforestry

Guinea

Diane

Ibrahima

Rogbane, Conakry

Hydrologie fluviale et marine, environnement (pollution marine); amenagement des plaines dans le cadre des problemes hydro-sedimentaries.(Marine hydrology; environment; marine pollution; land management concentrating on hydrosediment problems)

Guinea

Mouctar

Kaba

B.P. 1147, Conakry

Hydraulique, Adduction d`eau, assainissement, environment (ordures menageres), centrales Hydroelectriques; (Hydraulics, water transport, sanitation, waste management, hydroelectric power)

Guinea Bissau Guinea Bissau

Cardoso Da Costa

Carlos Maria Ivone

Bissau 1503 CEDEX C.P. 399, Cita-MRN, Bissau

Kenya

ARRUMM

ALICE

Department of Zoology, Nairobi University, Chiromo Campus, PO Box 30197, Nairobi

Marine and freshwater fisheries research; wetlands ecosystems; pollution

Kenya

Adebayo

Yinka

P.O. Box 47074, Nairobi

Urban and building climatology as it relates to micro-scale and meso-level modification; energyrelated climate and pollution issues; environmental analysis as it relates to humankind

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Adero Anyamba Anyango

Obar James Ebby Kamila Beatrice

Peche Foods, Box 1064, Kisumu P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi

Biodiversity, fisheries biology PAGES; paleoclimatology; monsoons Studies on legume root symbioses which can enhance proper growth and establishment in semi-arid lands. These include the type of Rhizobium and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) associated with legumes which may influence their nodulation and effect........

Kenya

Anyumba

Johnson

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi

Borehole site investigations in fractured hard-rock aquifers in the Gachoka Division, Embu District of Kenya; preliminary investigation of tide influence on groundwater levels in the coastal zone of Kenya

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Ashisoma Anjera Aura Ayoub

Festus Stella Ali

P.O. Box 59, Butere P. O. Box 30259, Nairobi P.O. Box 47074, Nairobi

Kenya

Baraza

John

P.O. Box 18118, Nairobi

Research on how people use their culture to cope with food and fuel Modelling of air-sea interactions that affect climate Soils as sink and source of greenhouse gases; effect of climate change on soil processes; global change and agriculture Climate change and biodiversity; climate change and coastal/marine changes; climate change and food production; climate change and population growth; climate change and aridity

Kenya Kenya

Basalirwa Bennun

Charles Leon

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi

Kenya

Boera

Priscillah

KMFRI , P.O. Box 1881, Kisumu

Energy economics and renewable energy; industry -- technical information and documentation, esp. for food industry; water, mining and environment, including industrial effluents, building material....

Change in bird distributions as a result of global change; use of birds as indicators of global change effects Aquatic ecology

44

Kenya

Carter

Simon

P.O. Box 30592, Nairobi

Land use change; cultural change in response to environmental and socio-economic changes; influence of social and economic changes on soil management

Kenya Kenya

Chagala Cheatle

Ebby Marion

P.O. Box 20412, Nairobi P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi

Kenya Kenya

Chirchir Chodota

Reuben Martins

P.O. Box 1515, Machakos P.O. Box 18118, Nairobi

Forest genetics resources in soil and water conservation Global observing systems, especially GTOS; indicators of global change; human-induced impacts on terrestrial ecosystems Influence of climatic changes on the flora in the tropics Monitoring of earth crustal movement and status of the great east African rift system -- widening, sinking, earthquakes, geothermal etc.; monitoring of beach erosion; monitoring of sea level rise; monitoring is carried out using geodetic measurement and.........

Kenya Kenya

Croze Davies

Harvey Theophilus

P.O. Box 30552, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi

Kenya Kenya Kenya Kenya

Gaciri Gathuru Gatundu Gichora

Steve P.N. B.F. Mercy

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 30568, Nairobi P.O. Box 68061, Nairobi P.O. Box 20412, Nairobi

Kenya

Hassane

Mahamat

P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi

Kenya

Inima

Albert Kenyani

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Janga Juma KIVENGEA

Joseph Calestous MBITHI GIDEON

P. O. Box 31, Kampi ya Samaki P.O. Box 45917, Nairobi Zoology Department, Nairobi University, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi

Climatic change and global warming; sea level changes; hydrology Biological diversity; climate change; land use Crustacea biology; freshwater ecology

Kenya

Kairu

Edward

P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi

Greenhouse gases estimation, particularly national inventories. Currently involved in such inventorying project for Kenya, funded by UNEP. Soon to be involved in similar effort through IPCC

Kenya

Kambona

Kenneth

P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi

Research on biorational approach to the environmentally sound management of pests in Africa. The current reliance on environmentally hazardous chemical pesticides should be replaced by pest control strategies based on biological methods which are enviro...............

Kenya

Karanja

Frederick K.

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi

Decreasing carbon dioxide emission resulting from the burning of oil and coal; reducing methane release resulting from mining of coal and extraction of oil and gas (pipeline leakage); developing alternate sources of energy CO2 sinks and their associated process and fluxes; land use (tropical forests and vegetation cover)

Biodiversity -- How global change will affect forest ecosystems, in particular with relation to the status of insects Land use (farming, rangeland) and its effects on global change in Africa and worldwide; deforestation, vegetation as well as biomass burning; diversion of water from rivers and use of river basins for population settlement; destruction of plants as well Drought studies research; modelling studies on impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in Eastern, Central, and Southern Africa. Interested in collaborative research e.g. Country studies on climatic change (proposal made)‌

45

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Karanja Karekezi Kenya

Francis Mwaura Stephen Eucharia

P.O. Box 57032, Nairobi P.O. Box 30979, Nairobi P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi

PAGES; geology; paleoclimatology Greenhouse gas build-up and energy; energy policy issues related to climate change In a continent devastated by wars and other natural disasters such as reduced rains and consequent crop failures, having a sustainable agricultural base is of paramount importance. Insects that affect crops are known to reduce output appreciably.........

Kenya Kenya

Kimani Kimondo

Wilson James

P.O. Box 30259, Nairobi P.O. Box 20412, Nairobi

Atmospheric composition; precipitation chemistry Manipulation of natural resources to increase per unit land area productivity through application of appropriate management techniques. Enhancement of the prediction capabilities of forest produce through simulation and modelling

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Kinuthia Kinyamario Kitheka

Joseph Hiri Jenesio I. Johnson UTU

P.O. Box 30259, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Kosura Kuria LUNG`AYIA

Oluoch Kairu HENRY

P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa KMFRI, Freshwater Research Centre, PO Box 1881, Kisumu

Microalgae (mainly freshwater phytoplankton and diatoms) taxonomy and ecology (particularly on scope of biodiversity and as indicators of water quality, current concepts and quality)

Kenya

MURAGE

LIONEL

P.O. BOX 30197 , University of Nairobi, Nairobi

Limnology-heavy metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems; Fisheries biology- stock assessment models

Kenya

MVOYI

CHIHENYO

Department of Zoology, University of Nairobi, P.O. BOX 30197, Nairobi

Marine ecology; freshwater ecology

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Macharia Mailu Maitima

Benson Gabriel M. Joseph

P. O. Box 28, North Kinangop P.O. Box 30568, Nairobi P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi

Kenya Kenya

Makawiti Marangu

Dominic Dan Kithinji

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 47146, Nairobi

Kenya

Masai

Mutune

Kenya

Mathu

Eliud

Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute, PO Box 1881, Kisumu P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi

The impact of climate charge on water resources (development, conservation and management); transport and deposition erosion in man-made lakes and coastal waters. Climate change and accelerated basin soil erosion, sea-level variations including the..........

Quaternary palynology of eastern Africa; vegetation responses to climate change and human impacts; paleoclimatology and phytogeography; climate change, temporal and spatial changes in plant diversity Research in medicinal plants and their exploitation - particular emphasis on fertility regulating plants.

Impact of global change on vegetation and animals in Kenya. Desertification and its role in global change Biodiversity conservation; secondary production in aquatic environment; taxonomy systematics of zooplankton Engineering and environmental geology; metamorphic geology, structural geology and tectonics

46

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Meena Michieka Muchemi

Henry R.W. Samuel W.

P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi P.O. Box 30259, Nairobi

Kenya Kenya

Muchiri Muchiri

Mbae Mucai

P.O. Box 20412, Nairobi P.O. Box 3900, Eldoret

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Mugedo Mukolwe Muniafu

James Z.A. Evans Maina

P.O. Private Bag, Maseno P.O. Box 30259, Nairobi P.O. Box 536, Njoro

Kenya Kenya

Mutua Muturi

Francis M. Harun

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 30568, Nairobi

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Mwalw`a Mwangi Mwangi

Bernard N. Richard W. Esther

P.O. Box 30259, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 40241, Nairobi

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Mwanji Mworia-Maitima NGUKU

Justus I. Joseph KIOKO

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi Department of Ichthyology, National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 40658, Nairobi

Kenya

NYINGI

DOROTHY

National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 40658, Nairobi

Fisheries: biodiversity, ecology, systematics, genetics ; Limnology: nutrient dynamics, pollution

Kenya

Ndege

Maurice

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi

Environmental issues, training and research; pollution in totality; exchange of information on engineering components of environmental problems

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Ndyetabula Nganga Ngรกngรก

Simon Moses Mwangi John K.

P.O. Box 18118, Nairobi P.O. Box 105, Maragua P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi

Global tectonics; crustal deformation; micro-gravimetry Global warming; ozone layer; biodiversity; international waters

Arid areas; environment; global change; Kenya Highly interested in global change research, especially with regard to its effects on agriculture and tourism Status in regards to forest cover, its growth potential, yield potential and renewability Effects of human activities on the ecology of fresh waters. Human activities such as introductions and transfers of fish species, damming of rivers, industrial and municipal effluents released into freshwaters, or agricultural practices leading to.....

Effects on plant physiological parameters, including photosynthesis, etc., particularly by rising temperature, increasing carbon dioxide levels, ozone layer destruction, etc.; Use of remote sensing in monitoring of soil moisture and crop productivity.........

Climate change; drought climatology; impacts of climate change on society and environment; small holder vulnerability to climate change; small holder vulnerability and response to drought; policy implications SAFCOM; NAFCOM; land use; climate change; savannahs; drought Forest ecosystem dynamics and the extent to which this is influenced by human activities or other natural perturbations PAGES; paleoclimatology; monsoons

47

Kenya

Njau

Leonard

P.O. Box 30259, Nairobi

Climate variability and its predictability; climate change; atmospheric pollution; ozone layer; ocean/atmosphere interactions and general circulation; regional climate anomalies and their teleconnections; diagnostic studies of atmosphere recirculations; .......

Kenya

Njihia

Joseph

P.O. Box 30259, Nairobi

Kenya

Njoroge

Francis

P.O. Box 50816, Nairobi

Assessment of sources and sinks and emissions of greenhouse gases; impacts assessment of climate change Global change impact on the growing population in Africa; the inter-relationship between global warming and capacity for self sustenance in food production...

Kenya

Ntiba

Micheni

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi

The rise in human population upland and at the coastal zones has not only led to degradation of the marine and freshwater environments but has also caused depletion of the resources in these environments. Similarly, the warming globe and the anticipated............

Kenya

Nyabenge

Meshack

P.O. Box 47146, Nairobi

Impact of global change in natural resources in Kenya (especially vegetation in rangeland);Impact of global change in livestock management in Kenya.

Kenya Kenya

Nyambok OTIENO

Isaac NYANG`INARA AMOS

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi Department of Zoology, University of Kenya, PO Box 30197, Nairobi

Environmental geology; paleoenvironmental studies Fisheries biology, Fish population dynamics, Fisheries oceanography, Limnology, Fish stock assessment, Fisheries social-economics, Gear technology, Law of the sea

Kenya

Oballa

Phanuel

P.O. Box 20412, Nairobi

Kenya Kenya

Odada Odhiambo

Eric Onyango Wilson

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 31, Kampi ya Samaki, Via Nakuru

The influence of global change on plant population genetics and ways of conserving adversely affected species NAFCOM; SAFCOM; land use; climate change; energy use Climate change; sea level changes; impact on aquatic environments

Kenya Kenya

Odongo Oduwo

William O. Alsen Otieno

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 155, Rongo

Kenya

Ogallo

Laban

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi

Climate modelling, especially regional scenarios; climate change impacts; climate change and appropriate technology for mitigations; policy options

Kenya Kenya

Ogana Ogutu

Wandera Zadoc

P.O. Box 39450, Nairobi P.O. Box 43844, Nairobi

PAGES; paleoclimatology; monsoons Parks and local communities, conflicts and reconciliation, desertification and development, local resources, food, patch resources and tenure issues

Kenya Kenya

Okemwa Okigbo

Ezekiel Bede

P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa P.O. Box 30592, Nairobi

Land ocean interactions and global change; monitoring of coral reef and mangrove ecosystems Genetic erosion and biodiversity; land and soil degradation

Relationship between environmental degradation and changes in climate and its effects on the poor in the world; analysis of peoples` capacities to deal with environmental aspects of global change; interest in actions that tend to build capacities to deal.......

48

Kenya

Okoth-Ogendo

Hastings W.

Kenya

Olago

Daniel Ochieng

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi or Centre for Family Studies, P.O. Box 60054, Pamstech House, Woodvale Grove, Westlands, Nairobi. Tel: (254-2) 747 144; Fax: (254-2) 747 160 PO Box 30197, Nairobi

Kenya Kenya

Olilo Oloo

Casianes William Omondi

P.O. Box 31, Kampi ya Samaki P.O. Box 20412, Nairobi

Palaeoecology, fishery fossils, diatomites, pollen Conservation of indigenous plants by establishment of arboreta, botanical gardens, and urban/rural forestry programmes; seed technology (production / distribution / quality control / training)

Kenya

Oluoch

Ochere George

Anthropogenic impacts on aquatic systems and wetlands; Research on natural resources exploitation conflicts at community and policy formulation levels

Kenya

Omondi

Charles Ochola

Adventist development and relief Agency, Sudan, PO Box 14756, Nairobi Private Bag, Maseno

Kenya Kenya

Omondi Omulo

Reuben Monica A.

KMFRI P.O. Box 1881, Kisumu P.O. Box 30568, Nairobi

Kenya Kenya

Opiyo-Akech Othieno

Norbert Herick

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 5310, Otonglo, Kisumu

Changes in coastal ecosystems; paleoclimatic change (geologic records) Monitoring the amount of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, emitted into the atmosphere due to the use of energy (biomass and fossil fuels) in developing countries (mainly sub-Saharan Africa). I am also interested in atmospheric chemistry as.......

Kenya

Ottichilo

Wilbur

P.O. Box 18118, Nairobi

Impact of global change on production systems i.e. crops, animals, natural vegetation; impact of global change on wildlife conservation; impact of global change on tourist activities

Kenya Kenya

Owino Oyieke

Fred Helida

P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi P.O. Box 81651, Mombasa

Kenya Kenya Kenya

Oyugi Rabah Rucina

DALMAS Kefa Stephen Mathai

P.O. BOX 40658, Nairobi P.O. Box 30197 Department of Palynology, National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 40658, Nairobi

Tropical palaeoenvironments; Global palaeoclimatological teleconnections; Human impact on the environment: past and present; Lake water chemistry and aquatic ecology

Effect of population growth and environmental changes therein; women`s activities and their impacts around the globe Aquatic ecology : Zooplankton macropytes Assessment of potential impacts, adaptation and mitigation measures of climate change on Kenya`s energy resources. Currently Kenya relies on 7 energy supply sources namely: wood fuel; petroleum (imported); coal (imported); electricity - geothermal, hydro.........

Global change effects on sea level changes and how this eventually affects marine life, especially plant life Fish taxonomy and zoogeography Climatic change; air pollution; renewable energy study Pollen vegetation relationships, Paleoecology and paleoclimatology, Land use and land cover for the last 200 years

49

Kenya

SIGANA

DORCUS

Zoology Department, University of Nairobi, PO Box 30197, Nairobi

Research methods and data analysis of all types of aquatic ecosystems, including the flora and fauna

Kenya Kenya Kenya Kenya Kenya

Senanayake Sewe Shivoga Siambi Swift

F.R. Cornell William Wilson Michael J.

P.O. Box 72461, Nairobi P.O. Box 58567, Nairobi P.O. Box 536, Njoro P.O. Box 30009, Nairobi UN Complx,Gigiri, PO Box 30592, Nairobi

Impact on agriculture and biodiversity; design of responses PAGES; geology; paleoclimatology Impacts of land use and climate change on aquatic ecosystems (e.g., lakes, river basins, etc.)

PAGES; geology; paleoclimatology

Kenya Kenya

Wafula Wakwabi

Benson Enock

P.O. Box 340, Machakos P.O. Box 80651, Mombasa

Crop climate modeling; global change; national food security Fisheries resources development and management; coastal zone development and management; sea level rise; land-sea interactions; climate - global warming; coral reefs and mangrove ecosystems; remote sensing application; modelling for fisheries and....

Kenya

Wanaswa

Asuko

P.O. Box 536, Njoro

The role of environmental education in changing environmental perception & practices. Social & economic status of human groups and their role in environmental degradation.

Kenya Kenya

Wandiga Waweru

Shem O. Fred Kamande

P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi P.O. Box 22, Nyeri

Kenya

Woomer

Paul

P.O. Box 30592, Nairobi

Kenya Lesotho Lesotho

de Leeuw Gordon Motsamai

Peter N. R.J. Bore

P.O. Box 46847,Nairobi P.O. Roma, Maseru Private Bag A82, Maseru 100

Lesotho

Sekoli

Bruno

P.O. Box 772, Maseru 100

Lesotho

Thamae

Lenka

P.O. Box 772, Maseru 100

Liberia Liberia

Kroma Mason

Abraham Jonathan

Madagascar

Adeloye

Catherine

Monrovia P.O. Box 10-9024, 1000 Monrovia 10 P.O. Box 3799, 101 Antananarivo

Biodiversity conservation; trends in endangered large animals; black rhino conservation and zoology translocation; general ecological monitoring programmes; environmental impact assessments Carbon sequestration in soils and vegetation; environmental simulation models; geographic information systems Livestock Interactions between land use changes, climate changes, and energy use; land use and climate change impacts on water resources, river basins; global change on impacts on agriculture Evidence of global change, studies of global climate change. Impacts of global change on extraTropical areas.

The effect of global change on hydrology, water resources availability in arid and semi-arid regions; global trends in the hydrological cycle as a consequence of climatic change; effect of global change on groundwater recharge in arid and semi-arid regions........

Everything about global change but most specifically deforestation and climate change Geology; mineral economics; environmental issues Tectonic evolution of continental rift areas in east Africa and Madagascar, their sedimentary filling, the role of climate and human activity; past global changes

50

Madagascar

Rakotondrafara

Marie-Louise

BP 1254, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar

Malawi

Babu

Adelola

Private Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3

Influence, if any, of global change research on the incidence and pattern of congenital malformation of the central nervous system

Malawi

Chinangwa

Suresh

P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe

Malawi

Dolozi

Sirys

Lilongwe 3

Desertification, sustainable livestock farming systems; soil erosion; climate change and impact on agriculture; climate change and food security; sustainable farming systems; groundwater pollution due to agriculture; pesticide pollution from agriculture Trade and industrial policy issues relating to reform programs in Malawi; appraisal of industrial projects and environmental impacts especially in the energy and agriculture sectors

Malawi Malawi

GONDWE Kasomekera

Michael MANGALISHO

PAGES; geology; paleoclimatology; monsoons Nutrient dynamics in lake ecosystems - nutrient sources and loses

Malawi Malawi Malawi

Kumwenda Kwadata Materechera

Zachary John Moses

P.O. Box 280, Zomba SADC/GEF Lake Malawi, Environmental Management Project, Box 311, Salima P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe P.O. Box 158, Lilongwe P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe

Malawi

Mhango

Simeon

P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe

Soil degradation is one aspect of the environment which is affected by changes on the global level.

Research on ways of managing the soil resource so that it is sustainable and productive for the human population

Malawi Malawi

Mloza-Banda Mnyenyembe

Lewis B. Henry

Private Bag 309, Lilongwe 3 P.O. Box 219, Lilongwe

Malawi

Munthali

Parichi

P.O. Box 59, Mzuzu

Present cultivation practice of finger millet is shifting cultivation which has caused a lot of deforestation and land degradation. Slash and burn has two advantages, vis. less weed infestation in the field and ash provides the needed potash for finger..........

Malawi

NGOCHERA

Gray

P.O. Box 2, Chileka

Impact of climate change on agricultural production including agro-forestry; crop-weather modelling for semi-arid tropics and subtropics including desertification issues

Malawi

Quist

MACKSON

Fisheries Research Unit, PO Box 27, Monkey Bay

Nutrient dynamics in the aquatic ecosystem

Malawi Malawi

SIPAWE Bayoko

Larry RICHARD

P.O. Box 2050, Blantyre Fisheries Research Unit, PO Box 27, Monkey Bay

Groundwater and surface water pollution.

Pollution and the way it can be averted, point and non-point sources of water degradation, the role zooplankton and phytoplankton play in water management

Mali

Cheickna

Abdoulaye

B.P. 242, Bamako

Study of dust cloud transport in West Africa from 1984 to 1990 and of their impact on the solar

SAFCOM, savannas, drought; climate change Sustainable agriculture; environmental agronomy Effects of drought and high temperature on long-term reproductive performance of indigenous vegetable species and potential changes in the dynamism of speciation of local vegetable flora

Past climate record and presently observed climate anomalies; effect of climate anomalies on the agro-ecosystem; climate change mitigation in the agro-ecosystem

51

radiation at ENSUT (Senegal) Aerosols and desertification in the Sahel; air quality (urban pollution measurement); wind erosion

Mali Mali Mali Mali Mali Mali

Cissé Diallo Fatoumata Konaré Konate Lamissa

Konde Alassane M. Mamadou Sokona-Maiga Kaliba Sidi

B.P. 3052, Bamako B.P. 241, Bamako B.P. 3052, Bamako O.M.S. B.P. 99, Bamako B.P. 237, Bamako B.P. 242, Bamako

Mali

Mamadou Iam

Diabate

B.P. 242, Bamako

Mali

Mohamed

Diallo

B.P. 3052, Bamako

Mali

Traore

A.G. Hamaty

B.P. 275, Bamako

Mali Mali Mauritius

Traoré Bhikajee Daby

Famouke Gaoussou T. Mitrasen

B.P. 3052, Bamako B.P. 1530, Bamako University of Mauritius, Reduit

Radiation parameterisation and longwave surface radiation flux rainfall estimates.

Ecological monitoring Global change research as applicable to fisheries management problems - change in fish habitats (flooding of shallow nursery grounds and coral habitats); flooding of fishing villages

Mauritius Mauritius Mauritius

Fagoonee Ramessur Ramjeawon

Deolall Indurlall Roshan

University of Mauritius, Reduit University of Mauritius, Reduit Reduit Campus, Reduit

Mauritius

Alaoui

Toolseeram

University of Mauritius, Reduit

Air-sea interaction/exchange; role of phytoplankton/global warming Sea level rise; coral response to environmental stress; biodiversity and global change Marine environmental protection; coastal & ocean management; ocean resources; marine science & technology Population and sustainable development as seen from a water perspective; water quality management; climatic change and water resources management

Morocco

Karrouk

Laila

B.P. 8108, Casablanca

Impact of global change on water quality and on ecology (phytoplankton, zooplankton, oxygen, concentration of oxygen in water)

Morocco

Conceicao

Mohammed Said

B.P. 7951 Hay Baraka, 20450 Casablanca

Mecanismes climatiques du changement global et leurs impacts sur les climats marocains et d`Afrique du Nord: circulations atmospheriques, modelisations climatiques, bilans climatiques, et interactions at atmosphere-ocean-continent, genese et types de seche..........

Mozambique Mozambique

Ferrao Ferraz

Cristiano José da Virgilio F.

C.P. 1410, Maputo C.P. 288 Dinageca Av, Josina Machel 537, Maputo

Breeding and improvement of small ruminants in the family sector SAFCOM; land use; energy use; climate change

Global change research.

Occurrence of temperature inversions at Dakar (communication at Niamey, Niger 1989); climatological study of the temperature inversions at Dakar from 1987 to 1990 by means of acoustic sounding Mapping meteorological parameters (solar energy, clouds, albedo of ground) by using satellite images Atmospheric physics linked to desertification process and to global changes. Aerosol dynamics (production, deposition and transport) in the Sahel; Air quality (urban pollution measurement); wind erosion assessment in rural areas Amenagement et gestion des Ressources Forestières; lutte contre la desertification. (Management of forest resources; struggle against desertification.)

52

Mozambique Mozambique

Maciel Voabil

Bernardo P. Sónia

C.P. 2020, Maputo C.P. 1410, Maputo

Mozambique Namibia

Du Plessis Lindeque

Custodio Wynand

P.O. Box 2020, Maputo P.O. Okaukuejo, Via Outjo

Namibia Namibia

Loftie Scheepers

Malan H. Rupert

P.O. Okaukuejo, Via Outjo P.O. Okaukuejo, Via Outjo

Namibia

Abdoulaye

J. Lue

P.O. Okaukuejo, Via Outjo

Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger

Akporede Arimi Bachirou Ben Mohamed Bertrand Boulahya Bâ Fode Garba Girard Gnoumou

Tinga Mark B. Ari Mamadou Maggagi Abdelkrim Jean Mohamed Sadec Abdoussalam Made Radji Xavier

B.P. 237, Niamey Niamey B.P. 578, Niamey B.P. 218, Niamey B.P. 237, Niamey B.P. 10662, Niamey B.P. 13184, Niamey B.P. 621, Niamey B.P. 10662, Niamey B.P. 257, Niamey B.P. 11011, Niamey

Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger

Goumandakoye Halidou Idrissa Jernet Kaka Labo Lebel Mahamadou

Faustin Mounkaïla Ibrahim Soumana Robert Mohamadou Moussa Thierry

B.P. 11011, Niamey B.P. 578, Niamey B.P. 12130, Niamey B.P. 10662 or 237, Niamey B.P. 10662, Niamey B.P. 10662, Niamey B.P. 12246, Niamey B.P. 11416, Niamey

Exchange of information & materials of interest promotion of science and scientific methodologies Artificial insemination in cattle and goats; embryo transfer; in-vitro fertilization; semen processing and spermatology Coastal processes with reference to African coasts .Environment and development Spatial and temporal vegetation dynamics on a detail and regional scale. Use and receive images from the NOAA AVHRR censor on a daily basis to compile NDVJ`s, detect fires and general vegetation degradation in especially northern Namibia Elephants Real-time environmental monitoring using coarse resolution satellite (NOAA, Meteosat) imagery; ground-feature inventories using high-resolution satellite imagery; GIS applications; GPS applications; animal tracking via ARGOS on NOAA series……….

Biochemistry; botany; giraffes; wildlife; habitat selection; alien plant control in South West Africa/Namibia

NAFCOM; meteorology; development

Evolution of the climate; crop area distribution; response of farming system to dry conditions; evolution of climatic conditions

53

Niger

Maïdoukia

Sacko

B.P. 11011, Niamey

Niger Niger

Mbaihasra Ochola

Alio Rianodji

B.P. 218, Niamey B.P. 11011, Niamey

Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger Niger

Oliveira Ouattara Ousmane Powell Rouscoua Sidikou Oumarou Sivakumar Stancioff Tinga Valentin

Samuel A. Jorge Mamadou Abdou J.M. Boubacar Harouna M.V.K. Andrew Abdoulaye

Niger Niger

Yankhoba Adegbulugbe

Christian Mane

B.P. 744, Niamey B.P. 11011, Niamey B.P. 429, Niamey B.P. 257, Niamey B.P. 12404, Niamey Niamey B.P. 628, Niamey B.P. 12404, Niamey B.P. 11011, Niamey Centre Agryhmet, B.P. 10662, Niamey B.P. 11416,,Niamey B.P. 11011, Niamey

Nigeria

Adegoke

Anthony

Ile-Ife

Nigeria Nigeria

Adejuwon Adeniyi

O.S. Adeniran

P.O. Box 4707, Surulere, Lagos Lagos

Nigeria Nigeria

Adesina Afolabi

Peter O. Francis

University of Lagos, Lagos Ile-Ife

Nigeria Nigeria

Aina AkegbejoSamsons Akpati

Oladapo E.A.

P.M.B. 265, Garki, Abuja Private Mail Bag 12620, Lagos

Yemi

P.M.B. 2096, Osiele-Abeokuta

Nigeria

Consequences des changements du climat sur les productions agricole. (Consequences of climate change on agricultural production.)

Toutes les questions liées à la protection des vegetaux; Biomodelisation, Banque de données, analyse statistiques et echantillonnage; télédetection; utilisation de l`Informatique.(All questions relating to the protection of vegetation, biomodelling, in........

NAFCOM; Sahel; climate change; drought; land use CO2 Northern/Southern Hemisphere interchange; biodiversity; marine biology; volcanology

Tout ce qui concerne l`application de la télédetection au suivi et à la gestions des resources pastorales au Sahel. (Everything concerning remote sensing of the resources of the Sahel.)

Least-cost mitigation strategies; greenhouse gases emission modelling; macroeconomic impacts of limiting GHG emissions Ozone layer depletion; Rise in sea level; Rise in earth temperature; Incidence of earthquakes; Green house gases - causes and remedies, etc.

Africa; global change Vegetation dynamics in the tropics; vegetation dynamics and environmental degradation in the tropics; land use and global climate changes; combating the effects of environmental changes, such as soil deterioration and desertification Atmospheric chemistry: Greenhouse gases, fluxes; Hydrology: Water management and quality

Flora and fauna of the wetland areas. The wetlands have been considered to be a `waste land`; very little is known about the nature, distribution and relationship of the plants' and animals' life in the

54

wet.....

Nigeria Nigeria

Amadi Amissah-Arthur

Ben N. Amadi

P.O. Box 12729, Victoria Island P.O. Box 263, Port Harcourt, Rivers State

Nigeria

Anya

Abigail Adunola

P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan

Nigeria Nigeria

Ayoade Badejo

Anya O. Johnson

Nsukka Ibadan

Nigeria

Bello

Adetola

Ile-Ife

Nigeria

Chijioke

Niyi

P.M.B. 2240, Abeokuta

Nigeria

Chineke

Mark

Nsukka, Enugu State

Nigeria

Ekanade

Theodore

P.M.B. 2000, Uturu, Abia State

Nigeria

Evbuomwan

Olusegun

Ile-Ife

Global change and terrestrial ecosystems (GCTE) and ecological complexity (GCEC) focussed on massive environmental degradation

Nigeria Nigeria Nigeria Nigeria

Faniran Folorunsho Gadzama Ijioma

Felix Osas A.N. Regina N.M.

Ile-Ife, Oshun State Ibadan P.M.B. 12729, Lagos P.O. Box 177, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State

Greenhouse effect on plants and animals; ozone layer depletion effect on plants, animals and soil

Nigeria

Ike

Michael

Uturu, Abia State

Influence of climatic changes in agriculture; global influences of mankind on the climate; heat balance of the earth

Nigeria

Imevbore

Adebimpe O.

Chinwuba Hse, Ndike, Box 1132, Awka, Anambra State

Nigeria Nigeria

Isichei Jackai

A.M.A. Augustine O.

Ile-Ife Ile-Ife

Nitrogen mineralization in wetlands; global change effect on mangrove ecosystems; NOX flux in polluted soils; microbial ecology of polluted environments Maize-soybean intercropping system research with a view to measure resource use/competition under different cropping patterns. This is with the objective of developing a model for such systems that can predict the performance.........

Climate change and climatic variability and trends with particular reference to rainfall. Climate impact assessment.

Effects and consequences of temperature rise on terrestrial ecosystems; energy and environment interactions; nipping pollution problems in the bud in developing countries, harnessing development processes with conservation strategies Climate change and implications on agriculture. Land use and environmental change in different ecosystems Meteorological effects on radio communications; electron dynamics and harmonics of lightning events Simulation of global change; geographic information system (GIS); climate change & ethics; infoterra; climate change & sustainable development; paleoecology; climate change impact on agriculture; global warming; ozone depletion; interdisciplinary research.........

Global climate change and sea level rise studies; remote sensing aspects of global change research.

55

Nigeria

Jagtap

Louis

P.M.B. 5320, Oyo Road, Ibadan

Applied ecology that encourages the use of plants, through genetic manipulating to protect plants (usually referred to as plant resistance): global change effects

Nigeria Nigeria

Jegede Nduaguba

S.S. Oluwagbemiga

P.M.B. 5320, Ibadan Ile-Ife

Nigeria

Nwosu

Dominic

P.O. Box 1010, Malali Gra, Kaduna

Interaction between land use changes, climate changes and energy use in Africa; land use and climate change impacts on water resources, river basins and coastal systmes; remote sensing applications in monitoring global change; training in global change..........

Nigeria

Obot

Maria Obiageli

P.M.B. 006, Nsukka, Enugu Sate

Global warming and how it affects ecology (flora and fauna) in west African sub-region. My research area is on `ecology and culture of southern Nigeria

Nigeria Nigeria

Ogan Ogunkoya

Emmanuel Agu U.

P.M.B. 2109, Kaduna PMB 1004, Unilag Post Office, Akoka - Yaba, Lagos

Effects of global change on savanna (fadama) wetlands

Nigeria

Okali

Olayinka

Ile-Ife

Nigeria Nigeria

Okonkwo Okusami

David U.U. Christian

Ibadan P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi

Investigation of effect of vegetation and land use changes (e.g. due to infestation of catchment by new species) on surface water chemistry; evaluation of greenhouse gases (GHG) emission mitigation options in Nigeria Terrestrial ecosystems; rain forest regeneration; ecology; agroforestry Effect of drought due to desert encroachment, deforestation, etc., on crop production in the semi-arid tropics (SAT) vis-a-vis the co-evolution of crop plants with changing global environment

Nigeria

Oladipo

Temitope

Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State

Past global change in Africa; utilization of soils of inland valleys; valleys (wetlands) and coastal landforms in interpreting past global changes; land use/land cover change; role of soils and land use in organic carbon sequestration; utlization of ...................

Nigeria

Olaniran

Emmanuel

Zaria

Drought and desertification are twin environmental hazards that have wrought unparalleled hardship on the economy of many African countries, and have disastrously affected the already-fragile agricultural and food situations in many of the affected areas, ...........

Nigeria

Olarewaju

Olajire

P.M.B. 1010, Oyo, Oyo State

Nigeria

Olokesusi

Victor

Ile-Ife

Nigeria

Onwuegbuche

Femi

P.M.B. 5, Ibadan

Long-term variations of different rainfall amounts, e.g. amount, frequency, intensity and timing; longterm variations in rainfall structure, i.e. different intensity series; changing spatial configurations of rainfall anomaly in dry and wet years; impact.........

Geology as related to natural disasters; remote sensing in environmental impact assessment; global environmental change; land use, vegetation and global change; deforestation and biomass burning; greenhouse gases; past climatic changes Human dimensions in general; how human causes interact, why, impacts; human settlements; international policy and mediation; health impacts; agricultural impacts; vulnerable groups and

Research on the dynamics of climatic changes using computer models. In this regard I am seeking to participate in multinational projects focused on the use of GCM`s (Global Climate Models), specifically to study climatic trends of the Sudan Sahelian zone............

56

mitigation; economic impacts Nigeria Nigeria

Onwuka Orazulike

Anthony E.O.

Uturu, Abia State Private Mail Bag 5024, Awka, Anambra State

Modelling; algorithm development

Nigeria

Osuagwu

Donatus

P.M.B. 0248, Bauchi

Changes in the physical environment due to intensive land use and persistent natural passive earth processes (gully erosion) as exemplified in Anambra State of Nigeria

Nigeria Nigeria

Oyebande Oyelaran

Edmund Lekan

Ezinihtte Mbaise, Imo State Box 160, Unilag Post Office, Akoka, Lagos 968

Crop production; agricultural economics

Nigeria

Salau

Philip

Ibadan, Oyo State

Role of human agency in environmental change. Aim:; to reconstruct some elements of former environment using palynological and magnetic susceptibility measures and make some deductions on man-induced environmental changes as well as .....

Nigeria

Sonaiya

Ademola T.

P.O. Box 177, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State

NAFCOM; SAFCOM; savannahs; land use; global change

Nigeria

Sowunmi

Emmanuel

Ile-Ife

Livestock production systems contribute to global climate change through the emission of greenhouse gases; methane and carbon dioxide in particular and ammonia also. Interested in studying mitigation options through appropriate feeding, digestion and...........

Nigeria

Uyanga

Adebisi

Ibadan, Oyo State

Palaeoenvironmental changes in the quaternary period; vegetational history of the African tropics as indicator of climatic fluctuation; human impact on the environment as reflected in vegetational changes; reconstruction of vegetation as based on palynology.............

Nigeria

Mwangi

Joseph

P.M.B. 2076, Yola

Republique Democratique De Congo

BISIMWA

Ngera

Rwanda

Abdoulaye

ARTHUR MUBWEBWE

Centre de Recherche In Sciences naturelles (CRNS/Lwiro) D.S. Bukavu, c/o Cemubac B.P. 441 Cyangugu Ecology Higher School for Nature Conservation, c/o Mugeri Seminary, PO Box 02, Cyangugu

Population dimensions of global environmental change; population, resource, and environmental sustainability Hydrobiology

Senegal

Amous

Sene

UniversitĂŠ Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar

Senegal

Ba

Samir

B.P. 3370, Dakar

Parasites found in fish ( Ectoparasites and endoparasiutes)

Human dimensions; environmental impact assessment; strategy policy; natural resources management

57

Senegal

Ba

Mariline

B.P. 15063, Dakar-Fann

The impact of short-term events on global and regional coastal change, particularly the evolution of the Salorem delta during later quaternary and at present; evolution of the quarternary and modern Senegalese shoreline Biodiversity state and conservation in Africa

Senegal Senegal Senegal

Diagne Diop Fongang

Amadou T. Madiagne E.S.

Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar B.P. 3120, Dakar P.O. Box 3311, Dakar

Senegal Senegal Senegal

Kaly Khadim Madiagne

Siméon Jean Laurent Gueye

B.P. 5085, Dakar-Fann Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar B.P. 5396, Dakar-Fann

Senegal

Miezan

Diagne

B.P. 53, Bambey

Senegal

Niang-Diop

Kouame

B.P. 96, Saint Louis

Senegal

Papa Walil

Isabelle

Université Cheikh Anta Diop, DakarFann

Impacts of climate change on the coastal zone; Integrated coastal zone management

Senegal

Sall

Gueye

B.P. 05, Djibelor, Ziguinchor

Très interessé par les problemes de biodiversité et la protection de l`Environnement dans les systèmes educatifs des pays africains. (Very interested in biodiversity problems and the protection of the environment through the educational systems of Africa)

Senegal

Sarr

M.

Université Cheikh Anta Diop, DakarFann

Desertification; continental dynamics and evolution; hydrology; global change impacts on agriculture

Senegal

Seck

Abdoulaye

B.P. 5085, Dakar-Fann

Current general circulation models to simulate monthly or seasonal climate anomalies, mainly in tropical regions. Impact in operational weather forecast and the behaviour of tropical disturbances, such as squall lines, easterly waves, tropical depressions……..

Senegal Senegal Senegal

Seck Tandia Touré

Mansour Omar Abdoul Aziz

B.P. 4014, Dakar B.P. 154, Dakar B.P. 5396, Dakar

Senegal Senegal

Traore Chang-Ko

Diafara Boubacar

B.P. 2241, Dakar 23 rue Calmette, B.P.218, Dakar

LOICZ; coastal zone research; sea level change and impacts; coastal zone management; remote sensing; etc.

Littoral ecosystems; mangroves Sequence in episodes of glaciation and deglaciation in which changes in greenhouse gases and surface temperature occur; how surface temperature of earth has changed regionally and globally in the last 1000 years; extent to which natural feedbacks in the…………

Study of possible climatic change in Sahelian climate and analysis of the impacts on food production by crop modeling Role of agricultural production systems on environmental changes (climate, ozone layer, soil erosion, depletion of natural resources, etc.)

In developing countries (like Senegal), high population density and arid climate induce a severe groundwater pollution. in Senegal, suburbs of Dakar (the capital) concentrations of hundred mg/l have been observed. In consequence, in order to establish Role of oceans in the global change.The effects of climate change on biosphere and hydrosphere

58

Seychelles

Gnauck

Luc

P.O. Box 181, Mahe

Co-chairman of National Climate Committee: vulnerability of small islands like Seychelles to sealevel changes, effect of global warming on tropical cyclones

Seychelles Sierra Leone

Awooneh-Renner Chaytor

Rainer

P.O. Box 648, Victoira, Mahe University of Sierra Leone, Mount Aureol, Freetown

Ozone depletion; environmental pollution monitoring and research

Sierra Leone

Cole

D.E.B.

Sierra Leone

Davidson

N.H. Ayodele

Private Mail Bag, Tower Hill, Freetown Private Mail Bag, Mount Aureol, Freetown

Sierra Leone Sierra Leone

Findlay Gordon

Ogunlade R. I.W.O.

Private Mail Bag, Freetown University of Sierra Leone, Mount Aureol, Freetown

Sierra Leone

Johnson

O.L.A.

Sierra Leone

Johnson

Raymond G.

Private Mail Bag, Tower Hill, Freetown University of Sierra Leone, Mount Aureol, Freetown

Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Sierra Leone

Kandeh Karim Koroma

Reynold Godfrey H.S. Bob A.B.

Mount Aureol, Freetown Njala University of Sierra Leone, Mount Aureol, Freetown

Sierra Leone

Massaquoi

Momodu

Private Mail Bag, Freetown

Sierra Leone

Mendeh

Joseph

University of Sierra Leone, Mount Aureol, Freetown

Sierra Leone

Moore

D.S.

Sierra Leone Sierra Leone Sierra Leone

Muana Palmer Pratt

H.G. J. I.G.

Private Mail Bag, Tower Hill, Freetown Freetown Youyi Building, Freetown University of Sierra Leone, Mount Aureol, Freetown

Sierra Leone Sierra Leone

Songa-Lenin Strasser-King

J.T.O.

NAFCOM; land use; global change; energy use; Africa

Remote sensing and global energetics; climatic impact on crop yield; climatic variability and rainfall prediction.

Assessment and utilization of biomass resources for sustainable development; gasification of crop residues; indigenous knowledge in biomass resource management

Freetown Private Mail Bag, Tower Hill, Freetown

59

Sierra Leone

Thomas

V.E.H.

University of Sierra Leone, Mount Aureol, Freetown

Sierra Leone Sierra Leone

Thomas Avery

A. O.M.

Tower Hill, Freetown University of Sierra Leone, Mount Aureol, Freetown

South Africa

Bailey

Margaret

PO Box 61, Cape Town, 8000

Palaeoenvironmental change (vegetation & climate) deduced from micromammals and its application to understanding human adaptions in the past and impact in the future

South Africa

Barker

Geoff

Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012

Physical and biogeochemical processes affecting primary productivity; natural and anthropogenically induced environmental changes leading to continental shelf anoxia; present and past fluxes of carbon, nutrients and particulate organic matter in eastern………

South Africa

Blackmore

Michael

Variation of global ozone mass

South Africa South Africa

Bodeker Boelhouwers

Andrew Greg

King George V Avenue, Durban, 4001 P.O. St. Lucia, St Lucia, 3936 King George V Avenue, Durban 4001

South Africa

Chafota

Jan

Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535

South Africa

Chapman

Jonas

Wits, Johannesburg, 2050

South Africa

Chown

Arthur

Private Bag X5011, Stellenbosch, 7600

South Africa

Cloete

Steven

Pretoria, 0002

South Africa South Africa

Combrink Davis

Chris Jane

South Africa

De Kock

George

Lynnwood Ridge, Pretoria 0040 King George V Avenue, Durban, 4001 Private Bag X7, Claremeont, 7735

South Africa

Diab

Ansie

P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth, 6000

Responses of vegetation to global change; coastal climatic change Planetary wave influences on global ozone distribution; planetary wave dynamics and their influence on the spatial and temporal evolution of ozone holes; atmospheric dynamical modelling; surface UV irradiance measurements Magnitude-frequency of mass wasting events in the Cape mountains in relation to rainfall variability; Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of Cape mountain environments using geomorphological techniques; monitoring current process dynamics and climatological………

Global change research in the area of vegetation change induced by large mammal herbivory and fire. Would also like to be involved in research to determine the contribution of herbivory and fire to gaseous fluxes…….

Global change is likely to bring about increased severity of climatic perturbations, e.g. droughts and floods. I am interested in the hydrological and economic impact of these perturbations across the southern African continent Effects of global change on terrestrial systems, particularly insect interactions; am involved with such research on sub-Antarctic islands; use of gall-dwelling lepidoptera for monitoring pollution levels and regional change Third world development; housing trends (low-cost and rural); air and water pollution Ozone depletion and related weather/climate Ecosystem functioning responses to human impacts esp in the area of land-use change; Mediterranean type ecosystems: biodiversity & system function; Multiple - use systems; Knowledge - base systems Methylhalide and hydrocarbon emissions during biomass burning; distribution of volatile halogenated hydrocarbons in the troposphere; exchange of trace gases between the ocean and the atmosphere

60

South Africa

Dingle

Roseanne

King George V Avenue, Durban, 4001

Global warming; ozone depletion; tropospheric ozone enhancement; climate change; stratospheric depletion, tropospheric increase

South Africa

Dodson

R. V.

P.O. Box 61, Cape Town, 8000

South Africa

Du Pisani

Belinda

Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700

Continental runoff; paleo-oceanography; benthic processes; micro palaeontological monitoring; continental shelf studies Environmental perception; environment and development relationships; natural hazards; flood control in Bangladesh

South Africa South Africa South Africa South Africa

Dutkiewicz Eberhard February Ferreira

A. Louis Ryszard Anton Edmund

P.O. Box 38246, Faerie Glen, 0043 P.O. Box 33, Plumstead, 7800 Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700 P.O. Box 61, Cape Town, 8000

South Africa South Africa South Africa South Africa

Field Grundlingh Hanvey Hardy

Renette John G. Marten Patricia

Pretoria, 0002 7700 Rondebosch P.O. Box 320, Stellenbosch, 7599 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg, 2050

South Africa

Held

Mark

Private Bag 9059, Pietermaritzburg, 3200

South Africa South Africa South Africa

Hewitson Hill Hobbs

Gerhard Bruce Charles Trevor

Private Bag 40175, Cleveland, 2022 Rondebosch 7700 Grahamstown, 6140

South Africa

Hoffman

Jonathan

P.O. Box 1091, Johannesburg, 2000

South Africa

Hughes

Michael

Private Bag X7, Claremont, 7735

South Africa

Hugo

Jeffrey

P.O. Box 375, Pietermaritzburg, 3200

Soil and land-surface changes as a result of climatic and geomorphic changes over time; effect of global changes on rates of soil formation and soil loss

South Africa South Africa South Africa

Human Hurt Jacobs

M. L. Nico C. Richard

Pretoria, 0002 Private Bag X79, Pretoria, 0001 Private Bag X9059, Pietermaritzburg, 3200

Desertification; terrain evaluation; rural land use, especially in the field of sustainable ecotourism Models effect of global change on agricultural crops, especially on horticultural crops Changes in vegetation (with emphasis on savanna ecosystems) resulting from changes in CO2 levels, global warming and associated climate/environmental changes; shift in biome boundaries resulting from such changes

Effect of energy production and use on global warming Climate and environmental change with emphasis on vegetation change and effects of rainfall change on vegetation within the last 2,000 years. Also attempting to obtain high resolution rainfall patterns for the last 500 years.

Ozone depletion; greenhouse warming

Reconstruction of quaternary paleoclimates from geomorphological evidence; recent cold climate processes in southern Africa Vegetation change; impact of livestock production systems in commercial and subsistence agriculture on vegetation structure and function; monitoring change (vegetation); techniques for monitoring change Global climate; rainfall cycles; SAFARI project SAFCOM member; regional predictions of climate change; savannas; drought; Palynology, both contemporary pollen rain-vegetation relationship and fossil pollen analysis, particularly in the Natal Drakensberg Policy issues; conventions/protocols; climate change; desertification; sea-level rise; social impacts; economic impacts Desertification of South Africa`s dwarf shrublands (Karoo); rural development and management systems in communal rangelands of `coloured` reserve on arid west coast of South Africa

61

South Africa

Jury

Ernst

South Africa

Kemm

Mark

Private Bag X5013, Stellenbosch 7599 Cape Town

Geomorphic change (erosion, denudation, degradation); climate change

South Africa South Africa

Kerley Le Maitre

Kelvin Graham

Lynnwood Ridge, Pretoria, 0040 P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth, 6000

South Africa

Lee-Thorp

David

Private Bag 5011, Stellenbosch, 7600

South Africa

Lennon

Julia

Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700

The application of stable light isotope techniques to calcified tissue material (bone, teeth, eggshell) for detecting changes in past environmental conditions; further interest in reconciling marine and terrestrial records in Africa, particularly southern........

South Africa

Lord

Stephen J.

Private Bag 40175, Cleveland, 2022

South Africa South Africa

Lucas Lutjeharms

Kimball Bruce Michael I.

P.O. Box 572, Belleville 7535 Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700

Source and sink inventories; management and policy; developing national challenges; regional cooperation PAGES; marine geoscience; geology; monsoons; paleoclimatology; Southern ocean JGOFS and COSE; carbon cycling in pelagic food webs; `new` production (15N tracer studies); ocean-atmosphere CO2 exchanges; UV-B effects on primary production; land-ocean interactions in the coastal zone (LOICZ); upwelling systems and global..........

South Africa

Macdonald

Johann

Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700

Influence of the ocean on terrestrial African climate; long-term changes in ocean currents; largescale circulation of Atlantic and Indian Oceans

South Africa

Mackenzie

Ian Angus William

P.O. Box 456, Stellenbosch 7599

Effects of climate change on biodiversity; implications for protected area management; implications for invasions by alien organisms; methods of reducing greenhouse gas emission rates; methods for monitoring effects of climate change on natural ecosystem.....

South Africa

Malan

Andrew

Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700

South Africa

Martincigh

Daniel

Private Bag X2, Roggebaai, Cape Town, 8012

Incorporation of predictions in EIA (environmental impact assessment), the development and planning process; implications for conservation and nature resource design; implications for coastal zone management.

Coastal management and global change research findings - especially sea level rise and......

South Africa

Mason

Bice

South Africa

McGeoch

Simon

King George V Avenue, 4001 Durban P.O. Wits, Johannesburg, 2050

Climate change and variability in southern Africa; inter-annual fluctuations in rainfall; dynamics of intra-seasonal oscillations; ocean-atmosphere interactions and modelling; terrestrial impacts of climate variability; crop yield predictions and relationships..........

Global warming; ozone layer; air and water pollution; Third world development Desertification in southern Africa and the interaction between management, range degradation and global change Impacts of climate change on ecosystems and ecosystem function, especially disturbance and recover processes and the implications for biodiversity; impacts of climate change on water resources and the water resource requirements of natural systems; impact...............

Tropospheric and stratospheric ozone; solar radiation; skin cancer incidence; sunscreens; biomass burning Identification of empirical evidence for climatic change in southern African region, focusing on change in variability; GCM modeling; seasonal rainfall forecasting

62

South Africa

McLachlan

Melodie

Pretoria 0002

Impact of global change on local insect communities and assemblages; direct impacts on life histories and indirect impacts mediated by changes in resource quality and quantity and intra- and interspecific interactions; use of insect assemblages as biomonitoring.........

South Africa South Africa

Meadows Midgley

Anton Michael

Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000 Dept of Environmental and Geographical Science, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700

Coastal zone ecology; sea level rise; LOICZ program Paleoecology, Paleoenvironmental reconstructin, Land degradation, human impact on environment, desertification, Impact of future climate change on environment

South Africa

Miller

Guy

Private Bag X7,Claremont, 7735

Experimenting on plants of fynbos: responses to elevated CO2 and nutrient supply; effects of global change on southern African flora

South Africa

Miller

Warwick Richard

PAGES; marine geoscience; paleoclimatology; monsoons

South Africa

Mravlag

Duncan

King George V Avenue, Durban 4001 Rondebosch, 7700

South Africa

Mustart

Erhard

King George V Avenue, Durban 4001

Involvement in monitoring ozone and other atmospheric trace gases; involvement in monitoring UV at surface level; research in the above areas.

South Africa South Africa South Africa

Nel New O`Beirne

Penelope Neil Mark

Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700 Private Bag X2, Irene, 1675 P.O. Box 375, Pietermaritzburg, 3200

Seed germination ecology and global change Preservation of endangered animal species Hydrologic and geomorphic sensitivities to climatic change and variability; effects of land degradation and land-use patterns on this sensitivity

South Africa

Owen-Smith

Sean

P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001

Trace gas monitoring laboratory, Cape Point in South Africa. A wide range of environmentally significant trace gases are monitored continuously together with a selected range of ...........

South Africa South Africa

Partridge Pollard

R. Norman Timothy C.

Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050 12 Cluny Road, Forest Town, Johannesburg, 2193

Plant-herbivore interactions; resource ecology; conservation and development Climates of the past (member of PAGES SSC); effects of global change on crop production

South Africa

Pollock

Sharon

Private Bag X400, Klaserie 1381

Changes in flow regimes of rivers due to impoundment, abstraction, etc.; deforestation rates globally, particularly within tropical rainforests

South Africa South Africa

Preston-Whyte Ramsay

David Robert

Rogge Bay, Cape Town 8012 King George V Avenue, Durban 4001

Paleoceanography; climatology; paleoecology Climatic change; atmospheric systems/rainfall systems; air pollution meteorology. Environmental management; natural resource policy analysis

South Africa

Randall

Peter

Quaternary palaeoclimates and sea-level changes; palaeoclimate and palaeoflood research from coral cores

South Africa South Africa

Reavell Rogerson

Helena D. Patrick

King George V Avenue, Durban 4001 University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 Near Empangeni, Zululand 3880

Study of Holocene sea level change in southern Africa to establish natural background to modern, possibly anthropogenic, sea level changes

African flood plain and freshwater swamp forest ecology

63

South Africa

Roodt

Christian

Private Bag 3, Wits 2050

Urbanization issues; urban management; the urban informal economy and small-scale enterprises; provision of urban services; urban environmental problems; my research on all these topics relates to South Africa and the relevance of the international experience.........

South Africa South Africa

Roos Rutherford

Shellie Danie

Rosslyn, Pretoria 0200 P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001

Environment; geography; southern Africa Air pollution and some of its impacts on local, regional and global scales; scientific monitoring of baseline atmospheric trace gases at a remote spot at the southern end of the African continent

South Africa South Africa

Savage Scharf

Michael Michael

Claremont 7735 P.O. Box 375, Pietermaritzburg, 3200

South Africa South Africa

Scheepers Scholes

Hein A.C. Theo

P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth, 6000 Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535

Ecological effects of environmental change.

Micrometeorological measurement of energy and water exchange between vegetated surfaces and the atmosphere. Methodology includes Bowen ratio, eddy correlation and aerodynamic measurement methods Laterite, sucrete, Ti in soils.

Paleo-environments; paleo-climatology; stratigraphy; sedimentology; desert geomorphology; sea level changes; Namibian coastline

South Africa South Africa

Scholes Schulze

Robert J. (Bob) Mary

P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001 Private Bag 3, Wits 2050

South Africa

Schumann

Roland

South Africa South Africa South Africa South Africa

Scotney Seager Shannon Siegfried

Eckart Derek John Lawrence Vere

P.O. Box 375, Pietermaritzburg, 3200 P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth, 6000 Private Bag X250, Pretoria 0001 P.O. Box 19070, Tygerberg 7505 Rogge Bay 8012

Impacts of global change on: hydrology/ water resources; agricultural production; food security; terrestrial ecosystems Wind; sea level; air temperature; sea temperature Policy issues, impacts on natural resources and environment and monitoring systems Impact of urbanisation on health Impacts of global environmental change and variability in the marine environment, in particular the impact of change and variability on marine resources and ecosystems

South Africa South Africa South Africa

Smuts Spencer-Jones Surredge

W. Roy GouchĂŠ Lefebre Jonathan

Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700 P.O. Box 61587, Marshalltown 2107 P.O. Box 398, Cape Town 8000

Marine and terrestrial ecology

South Africa South Africa

Taylor Thorne

Anthony David Dan

Private Bag X59, Cape Town 8000 Private Bag X1001, KwaDlangezwa 3886

South Africa

Tilbury

Steven

Private Bag, Rondebosch, 7700

South Africa

Tosen

Graham

King George V Avenue, Durban

Soil biological processes and nutrient cycling; soil organic matter stores; effects of elevated carbon dioxide on indigenous trees and grasses in semi-arid savannas

Interested in all aspects, in order to cover in popular level articles, etc. I am interested in stimulating a wider awareness of science in general, including the environment, through all forms of science communication.

Interaction of coal/energy and environment as it affects policy decisions Agricultural sustainability (effects on) Energy efficiency and conservation; the effects of domestic energy service efficiencies on micro- and macro-environments Antarctica and Southern Oceans; ozone and UV-B variations in southern hemisphere; Antarctic ice

64

South Africa

Trollope

Gregory

4001 Private Bag 40175, Cleveland, 2022

South Africa South Africa South Africa South Africa

Turner Tyson Viljoen Vogel

Winston S.W. Clive Peter Petri

Private Bag X1314, Alice, 5700 Private Bag 40175, Cleveland, 2022 Private Bag 3, Wits 2050 Private Bag X402, Skukuza 1350

South Africa

Walmsley

C. H.

Private Bag 3, Wits 2050

South Africa South Africa South Africa South Africa

Weisser Yeaton Zietsman Zunckel

R. Daniel Pablo Richard H. Larry

P.O. Box 2600, Pretoria 0001 Thohoyandou, Venda Pietermaritzburg 3200 Stellenbosch 7600

South Africa

van Eldik

Mark

P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001

South Africa South Africa

van Wilgen van der Walt

Peter Brian W.

South Africa South Africa Sudan Sudan

van der Zel Ageeb Ali Hassan Alredaisy

J. Sunette Dirk Abdel Gadir Shomo Shaa El Din

P.O. Box 2600, Pretoria 0001 Private Bag 5011, Stellenbosch, 7599 Private Bag X41, 0001 Pretoria Private Bag X93, 0001 Pretoria P.O. Box 32, El Fasher P.O. Box 4032, Khartoum

Sudan

Nimir

Samir

P.O. Box 406, Omdurman

Sudan

Omer

Mutasim

P.O. Box 44266, Khartoum

Sudan

Mtetwa

Abdeen Mustafa

Khartoum Center, Khartoum

Swaziland

Mushala

Victor S.B.

Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Manzini

mass balance All aspects related to climate change and boundary layers; atmospheric processes; industrial contributions to climate change; environmental impacts; boundary layer meteorology (PBL & SBL); pollution climatology; modelling (mesoscale); resource economics Biomass aspects; utility policies; modelling; forecasting; historical climate data Climate change, climate modelling Large herbivore population changes; habitat changes; long term data series relating to herbivore/habitat trends `Human Dimensions` - Drought impacts, drought coping mechanisms, food security and climate change in South Africa IGBP; coordination of research and evaluation of impact vegetation monitoring; vegetation changes; aerial photo-interpretation Vegetation change at the grass/woody shrub interface Urbanization: population migration, census mapping, land use change, informal settlements. Satellite remote sensing, image analysis and geograhical information systems.

Stratospheric ozone; Dobson spectrophotometer measurement; tropospheric ozone; UV-B changes; photochemical pollutant changes; trace gas monitoring and changes Effects of fire on atmospheric change and dynamics of the atmosphere in general; biodiversity.

Global change conditions and its effects on plantation forestry, sustainable forestry management.

Animal science: breeding/genetics; physiology; nutrition. Range sciences: management; ecology Renewable energy; environment; reforestation; agricultural wastes; conservation; climate-related issues; economics; natural resources; global carbon sink Environmental change with reference to climatic change; Desertification; Impact on human systems; Development and its contribution to environmental degradation; Comprehensive systems on global change Wildlife research in the Sudan. Monitoring and surveying wildlife areas all over the country. The relevance of global change research to such issues is obvious.............

Carbonization of cotton stalks; briquettes of agriculture residues; gasification; biogas; stoves; ethanol production; global change research; bioconversion technologies for rural areas

65

Swaziland Tanzania

A. Khamis Basha

Hezekiel Khamis

Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Manzini P.O. Box 3526, Zanzibar

Land use changes; Land and water Management Environmental degradation, wildlife management, industrial pollution, coastal erosion control, marine ecology, local management of natural resources; political contraints in conservation of natural resources Sea water tides. Impact on deforestation in global warming.

Fish biology and biodiversity conservation; Pollution in the aquatic ecosystems

Tanzania Tanzania

KISHE Kaale

Ali MARY

Tanzania Tanzania Tanzania

Katima Kavishe Kilahama

Bariki Karosi Jamidu H. Michael

P.O. Box 3526, Zanzibar Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), PO Box 475, Mwanza P.O. Box 4735, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 35131, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 3056, Dar es Salaam

Tanzania

Kipondya

Felician

P.O. Box 426, Dar es Salaam

Based on experience, environmental changes in Africa are basically due to population pressure (humans and livestock) on land resources. This - together with poverty - has led to serious environmental degradation: rampant soil erosion, drought and ..........

Tanzania

Lema

Wilfred

P.O. Box 5511, Dar es Salaam

Tanzania Tanzania Tanzania Tanzania

Luteganya Meena Mwandosya Ndyetagula

Anderson J. Prosper R. Hubert E. Mark

P.O. Box 35049, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 71899, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 5511, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 5511, Dar es Salaam

Research on climate changes; currently involved in country case study on sources and sinks of greenhouse gases PAGES; geography; paleoclimatology; monsoons

Tanzania

Rutashobya

Protas

P.O. Box 3024 Chuo Kikuu, Moroboro

Tanzania Tanzania Tanzania

Sultan Victus Yarro

Datius Ali Nassor Prosper

P.O. Box 35066, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 811, Zanzibar P.O. Box 2000, Dar es Salaam

Tanzania Togo

Adonko Adote

J.G. Tamelokpo

Box 35065, Dar es Salaam B.P. 1026, Lomé

Togo

Affaton

Blivi

B.P. 1515, Lomé

Togo

Agunke

Pascal

B.P. 7060, Lomé

Deforestation and land degradation Spatial and temporal temperature changes in Tanzania; rainfall variability in the unimodal/bimodal regions of Tanzania; drought frequencies in Tanzania and their impact on agriculture

Directing research on greenhouse gas emissions in Tanzania; policies and abatement costs; research in energy Interested in studying the relationship between natural resource (agriculture) use patterns and the impact of these patterns on the environment, particularly in developing countries; would also like to see how these resource use patterns do affect development............

Assessing environmental impacts due to climate change and biodiversity Population growth versus sustainability of environment; issues requiring immediate action Sources and rules of greenhouse gases; solid wastes from industries; environmental impact assessment in energy projects.

Recherche sur la fertilité des sols; phosphate naturel; agroforesterie. (Research on soil fertility; natural phosphates; agroforestry) Environment coastal studies in relation with sea level rise; Protection and management; Land and ocean interactions

66

Togo Togo Togo Togo Togo Togo Togo Togo Togo Togo

Akibode Akpagana Alou Ametsipe Blivi Degboe Dey Essiomley GUMEDZOE Kodgo Soklou

Dovi Koffi Ayéchoro Koffi Abalo Komi Zatu Adoté Etienne William Zetoudou MAWUENA

B.P. 1263, Lomé B.P. 999, Lomé B.P. 1515, Lomé B.P. 1505, Lomé B.P. 1505, Lomé B.P. 1515, Lomé B.P. 1515, Lomé B.P. 356, Lomé B.P. 1026, Lomé University of Benin, School of Agriculture, BP 1

Togo

Kokou

Worou

B.P. 26, Lomé

Amenagement et mise en valeur des Bas Fonds; cultures de contre seridon(?); étude du fonctionnement des terres humides

Togo

Kokou

Egue

B.P. 1026, Lomé

Collaboration dans les études sur les sols avec appui de la télédetection. (Collaboration in soil studies with emphasis on remote sensing.)

Togo

Kossi Boglo

Kouami

B.P. 1515, Lomé

Population biology & ecology on forests in the south of Togo. These are small forests which have never been studied from a floral, ecological or dynamic viewpoint.

Togo

Koudjou

Tossah

B.P. 1026, Lomé

Amelioration de la fertilité des sols et des rendements de cultures par l`introduction des systems d`agriculture en couloirs en milieu paysan.

Togo Togo Togo Togo Togo

Kouvahey Kpakote Kpakpo Mathe Seddoh

Ametonoh Ekoué Klévo G. Kwami Adotevi Akue Ezoun Ete

B.P. 8925, Lomé B.P. 4782, Lomé B.P. 1515, Lomé B.P. 8234 Lomé B.P. 26, Lomé

Togo Togo Togo

Tchamie Tevi Yaoni

Komlavi Francisco Thiou Kassegne Jean

B.P. 1515, Lomé B.P. 1515, Lomé B.P. 2318 (INCV), Lomé

Togo

Akrimi

Doni Y.

B.P. 1263, Lomé

IGBP

Gestions de l`eau dans le sol; amenagement en mise en valeur des bas fonds

Recherche sur la répresentatife du site experimental; repositionnement des caires pedo-climatiques du contonnier dans le paysage. (Research on the representative nature of an experimental site; repositioning……..

NAFCOM; climate change; Étude (Identification) et Méthodes de lutte des mauvaises herbes du mais et du riz.(Wheat and rice diseases -- Identification and eradication methods) Recherche sur les animaux ravaguers des cultures et les ennemis naturels de ses ravageurs. Impact de l`utilization abusive des pesticides sur l`environnement. (Research on destructive wild animals & their natural enemies. Impact of abusive pesticide............

67

Tunisia Tunisia

Ben Hamouda Ben M`hamed

Noureddine Mohamed Habib

4119 Medenine 43, Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis-Mahrajène

Tunisia Tunisia

Brini Chaîbi

Chedly M`hamed

B.P. 156, 2035 Tunis-Carthage 43, Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Tunis-Mahrajène

Tunisia

Chedly

Mohamed T.

B.P. 10, 2080 Ariana

The use of new and renewable energies in different areas (solar and geothermal energies) to preserve, protect and improve the quality of the environment (energy and environment).

Tunisia

El Abed

Ben M`Hamed

B.P. 156, 2035 Tunis-Carthage

Regional impact of global change; climatic studies; numerical simulation of area sensitivity to global change

Tunisia

Hamrouni

Amor

Tunisia

Jaziri

Touhami

Tunisia Tunisia Tunisia

Kallali Kallali Labane

Abdelhafidh Hamadi Hamadi

25 Rue du 2 mars 1934, 2025 Salambo 12 R Khereddine Pacha, BP 52, Tunis B.P. 2, 2080 Ariana B.P. 15, 1082 Tunis Mahrajene B.P. 15, 1082 Cité Mahrajène, Tunis

Tunisia

Medhioub

Yadh

B.P. 156, 2035 Tunis-Carthage

Tunisia Tunisia Uganda

Trabelsi Apuuli Baranga

Khaled Hamadi Bwango

B.P. W, 3038 Sfax B.P. 156, 2035 Tunis-Carthage P.O. Box 7025, Kampala

Uganda Uganda Uganda Uganda Uganda Uganda

Drichi Isabirye-Basuta Kabanda Kagoda Kayaga-Mande Majugu

Deborah Paul Moses Gilbert Eng. S.P. G. Aida

P.O. Box 7062, Kampala P.O. Box 1613, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Kampala P.O. Box 7096, Kampala P.O. Box 7103, Kampala P.O. Box 16017, Wandegeya KLA

Uganda

Mapesa

W.A.

P.O. Box 7025, Kampala

NAFCOM; MEDCOM; climate change; land use; energy use

Interactions water-soil-plant-atmosphere; water purification before its release into the sea or its reuse in irrigation; water cycles Global change in the activity of the applied Climatology Service, Tunisian Meteorology Institute.

Coordinates at the national level the scientific activity.

Inventory sources and sinks of greenhouse gases in the Republic of Uganda; participant at the UNEP workshop on IPCC greenhouse gas inventory methodology, Nairobi, 7-9 June 1993; participant at the African savanna.............

Primate ecology; forest conservation

Global change research irt population growth. I should like to find out whether population and climate go hand-in-hand. Can the population be stabilized as it has caused the poverty......

68

Uganda

Mugisha

Moses

P.O. Box 3530, Kampala

Vegetation changes in protected areas. This covers both forested and savannah ecosystems, specifically in forest reserves, game reserves and national parks in Uganda

Uganda Uganda Uganda Uganda

Mwaka Nkalubu Obbo-Katandi Odomel

Aryamanaya Victoria Mirian Michael S.Z. Gabriel

P.O. Box 7025, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Kampala P.O. Box 7025, Kampala P.O. Box 7002, Kampala

Uganda

Oryem-Origa

Paul

P.O. Box 10351, Kampala

Uganda

Otiti

Hannington

P.O. Box 7062, Kampala

Ethnobotanical studies of the Rivenzeri Mountain Forest Area in Bundibugyo District; effects of fire and insect predation on the germination and seedlings of acadia species.

Uganda Uganda Uganda Uganda

Tom Nicholas Okelo Thomas Emmanel Hatanga

P.O. Box 7062, Kampala P.O. Box 1 Kyambogo, Kampala P.O. Box 7062, Kampala P.O. Box 7270, Kampala

Climate change due to CO2 output from use of energy and bushfires.

Environmental biodiversity; Traditional medicines.

PAGES; geology; paleoclimatology; monsoons

Uganda Uganda

Ringtho Schulter Sebigege SemmandaNakimere Sumba Taabu

Immaculate Seraphine

P.O. Box 7062, Kampala P.O. Box 3530, Kampala

Uganda

Wasike

Antony Munyaho

Fisheries Resources Research Institute (FRRI), Jinja

PAGES; paleonology; paleoclimatology; monsoons Animal/wildlife population changes; wildlife natural resources utilization; pollution research; wildlife ecology Fisheries and aquatic sciences, Biodiversity conservation

Uganda

Chandi

Barasa

P.O. Box 3872, Kampala

R & D of small scale equipment for tillage, in arid and semi-arid areas. There are huge gaps in knowledge of suitable tillage techniques for rain fed agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas in Africa.

About two-thirds of the population in these areas….......

Zambia

Chishiba

H. Langiwe

P.O. Box 36079, Lusaka

Zambia Zambia

Jain Kajoba

Jacob Prem C.

P.O. Box 35131, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka

Women and environment; population and environment; environment management planning; research and policy-making on global change; environment pollution/protection; environment impact assessment Greenhouse effect and climate change; acid rain and precipitation chemistry Climate Change: science of climate change, education and training at university level in climate change; analysis of climatic parameters and climate change detection; impacts of climate change; inventoring greenhouse gas emissions; ozone depletion……......

Getting information on global change research in Africa and world over. This gives me reference in materials my department prepares for schools. I have also prepared a research proposal to investigate the impact of introducing…........

Rural development and environment conservation; women and environment; women`s training in environmental conservation; women`s participation in environmental conservation; climate change; participation in rural development; agroforestry practices; soil

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Zambia

Kanyembo

Gear

P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka

Land tenure and sustainable management of resources under conditions of transition from shifting cultivation to sedentary agriculture in the tropics

Zambia Zambia

Kasali Kasimona

Julius J. George B.

Zambia Zambia Zambia

Kasonde Kunda Mambo

Victor N. James Douglas

P.O. Box 35131, Lusaka P.O. Box CH-310158, Chelston, Lusaka P.O. Box 50288, Lusaka P.O. Box 310158, Lusaka P.O. Box 35131, Lusaka

Zambia

Mbewe

Anthony

P.O. Box 510065, Chipata

Natural resource depletion; climatic changes and atmospheric pollution; human resources dynamics; land use: forest resource mgt.; toxicity; erosion; and restoration ecology.

Zambia

Mubila-Mungomba

Abel

P.O. Box 37631, Lusaka 10101

Research and policy-making on global change; climate related impact assessment; population and environment; women and environment; greenhouse gas emissions; environment pollution/protection; environmental risk assessment; environmental impact assessment;............

Zambia Zambia Zambia

Muchinda Munyeme Ngenda

Likezo Maurice Geoffrey

P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka 10101 P.O. Box 30200, Lusaka 10101 P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka

Zambia

Ohuonu

Gertrude

Private Bag CH13, Lusaka

Zambia Zambia Zambia

Simuunza Volk Chidavaenzi

Enyinna Iness John

P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka P.O. Box 50042, Lusaka P.O. Box 32379, Lusaka

Zimbabwe

Chikwamba

Marian Joy

P.O. Box MP 266, Mount Pleasant, Harare

Zimbabwe

Chimonyo

Rachel Kerina

14 Belvedere Rd, PO Box 3492, Harare

To develop agricultural biotechnology for the benefit of the resource-poor farmers in the region and the world as a whole. Currently I am not doing any research myself but I coordinate research and extension activities in agricultural biotechnology to.........

Zimbabwe

Cumming

G. Rindayi

P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare

SAFCOM

Water resources - hydrochemistry. Zambia Application of GIS and remote sensing in global change research; modelling and monitoring; data and information systems (DIS); emissions from savannas

Variations in Zambia`s agricultural production in relation to variations in the nation`s climate Atmospheric pollution studies using lasers (LIOAR LIDAR); renewable energy research, with emphasis on photovoltaics Socio-economic implications and dimensions of global change. Currently engaged in research in ecologically-adapted farming systems and sustainable human settlements given the declining food producing areas and urban pressure.

Renewable energy technologies and applications; energy conservation Shifting cultivation effects on soil, organic matter, and nutrient dynamics; soil degradation, amelioration, and conservation issues in the subhumid tropics; agroforestry and sustainable agricultural research; use of computer programs to ..........

I am more interested in the solutions being offered from different fields in an attempt to deal with environmental global changes. One such successful solution is holistic resource management, which is a decision making process that makes sure that all............

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Zimbabwe Zimbabwe

Deabrew Du Toit

David H.M. Seeyali

P.O. Box 8437, Causeway, Harare Private Bag 7712, Causeway, Harare

Zimbabwe

Frost

Johan

P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare

Zimbabwe

Gondo

Peter G.H.

P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare

Zimbabwe

Jonnalagadda

Peter

P.O. Box H 9595, Highlands, Harare

Zimbabwe

Matarira

Sreekanth

P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare

Zimbabwe

Maumbe

Caxton

P.O. Box 7726, Causeway, Harare

Climate change prediction; climate modeling; climate impact assessment; application of remote sensing to environmental change

Zimbabwe Zimbabwe

Merka Mphuru

Blessing Joseph

P.O. Box 1320, Mutare P.O. Box CY 726, Causeway, Harare

Environmental degradation and impact on food security Research on climate cycles and trends in the pattern of runoff of Zimbabwean rivers to try and find out whether the recent years of droughts are indicative of a change in climate or climatological cycle.

Zimbabwe Zimbabwe

Mufandaedza Mukurumbira

Athanasius Oneas

P.O. Box 1320, Mutare P.O. Box 1320, Mutare

Pesticide residues; fate of pesticides in environment; soil degradation Impact of livestock on land degradation and the upper atmosphere; to what extent do livestock contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer and air pollution

Zimbabwe Zimbabwe

Murewi Ngorora

Linus Cyril

Private Bag 37557, Marondera P.O. Box BE 150, Belvedere, Harare

Zimbabwe

Tagwira

Lawrence

P.O. Box BE 150, Belvedere, Harare

Zimbabwe

Tengbeh

Fanuel

P.O. Box 1320, Mutare

Zimbabwe

Tevera

George

P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare

Environment degradation due to deforestation, soil erosion, siltation and sedimentation of dams; methods of avoiding negative impact of irrigation water caused by waterlogging, soil degradation and waterborne and water related diseases; use of fossil fuel...........

Influence of climate and land-use changes in savanna ecosystems, with particular interest in the influences of such human-induced changes on the habitats of large mammal species

Global change and biodiversity; importance of tropical forests as a key component in global change control Monitoring gaseous pollutants-SO2, NO2, NH3, HCl ozone, etc., in urban, rural and farmlands; bioemissions-grassland fires and biomass burning; precipitation studies; water quality-monitoring and treatment of effluents; pollution due to mine dumps; water..............

Current research is in climate modelling on an energy balance model (EBM) for the subregion of southern Africa. In this model we are to look at the effects of different albedos and solar constants with respect to sea surface, arid, semi-arid and vegetation.............

Global climate change [ greenhouse gases, air pollution, depletion of ozone layer, global warming, etc.]. Exploiting natural resources for energy supply [wind, sun]. Numerical analysis in forecasting (objective analysis) Environmental pollution, particularly pollution of soil and water resources; erosion and deforestation; global climate change Soil erosion and conservation; changes in rainwater quality due to atmospheric pollutants

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Zimbabwe Zimbabwe

Zhakata

Daniel Silas

P.O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare

Washington

Belvedere, Harare

Global climate change impacts on the weather and climate of southern Africa to try and link global change aspects, ENSO and other parameters for the purpose of formulating a short-term forecast model for………

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