Week 03 Logbook_Constructing

[WO3] THEORY

FO O T I N GS AND F O U N D A T I O N S [e-Learning]: Structural Elements:

Works through compression

Footings and Foundations:

Foundations: - are found where the building meets the ground, therefore it is part of the substructure. It’s function is to safely transfer all loads from the building to the ground.

Deep Footings: - when soil is unstable.

Load is transfered to a deeper, stable bedrock.

Settlement: - compression of the earth over time due to the load from a building, causing the earth and subsequently the building itself to sink slightly.

Retaining Walls: - used when sites are excavated to create basements

Shallow Footings: - used when soil conditions are stable. Load is transfered vertically from the foundations to the ground below.

Pad Footings:

* End Bearing Piles * Friction Piles

Mass construction: strong in compression,

weak in tension

* Stone

* Earth

* Clay

* Concrete Geometry & Equilibrium:

Equilibrium is a state of balance or rest resulting from the equal action of opposing forces.

Tension is the main force

Strip Footings

Raft Foundation:

Moment: - rotation of a structural member due to an applied force

M = F x d

[WO3] THEORY

FO O T I N G S AND F O U N D A T I O N S

Bricks: Standard size brick

[e-Learning]: Stone:

Arrangements:

* Igneous: - formed when molten rock/lava

cools

* Metamorphic: - Sedimentary stone is

subjected to high pres

sure, temperate and

chemical processes Finishes:

The most common finish on the masonry observed during the campus tour was ironed, however, some raked joints were also found.

Ashlar: - hand-crafted Rubble: - uneven stone in terms of size and shape

Moment: refers to any rotated that is cause by the presence of a force on a structural member Retaining Wall: refers to the walls that are constructed when excavation occurs on the site, forming a basement that is below the ground level. It’s function is to prevent the earth from falling into the structure.

Pad Footing: usually square in nature, pad footings are used underneath columns in order to successfully transfer the load evenly.

* Sedimentary: - sediment particles are subjected to pressure

Gabion Wall: - wire mesh filled with stone

[Key Terms]:

Strip Footing: used to tranfer loads from concrete or masonry walls.

Slab on Ground: disperses the load from the structure to ensure the earth below does not sink in certain areas, of which would make structure weak and unbalanced in terms of forces acting on different members.

Substructure: the substructure refers to the structures below the earths surface, primarily acting as the foundations for the building above.

[WO3] STUDIO

Sidney Myer Outdoor space:

Architecture Building: Pre-cast concrete exte

rior walls that are

made off-site in order to reduce construction time.

FO O T I N GS AND F O U N D A T I O N S [Campus Tour]: 1888 Building:

Cantilever that supports 3 levels. The load is primary transfered through the diagonal steel beam, as seen in the drawing below.

Takes entire load

John Smyth

Non load bearing Old Geology: wall Due to the lack of expansion holes in the brickwork, cracks have occured in the materials, of which is likely to have influenced the way in which the loads are transferred down the structure

Redmond Barry:

[WO3] STUDIO

FO O T I N GS AND F O U N D A T I O N S

St Hilda’s College:

Arts West:

Polished concrete fa- cade

[Campus Tour]: Sports Pavilion Concrete slabs poured in-situ, as identified

by the small circular

dent that is a result

of steel bracing rods

The main structural system that forms this building is steel columns and beams, with some of the beams spaning 12m to form a cantilever

The Dalton McCaughey Library:

North Court:

Prime example of a mem brane structure whereby

tension is the primary force present.

South Lawn Underground Carpark:

White, saltlike powder that forms on these concrete columns due to the water that seeps through as a result of South Lawn above.

Lot 6: Mass construction working with compression through the concrete columns and beams.