The al Qaeda Training Manual The Manchester Document: A Practical Guide for Islamic Warriors
This Briefing is UNCLASSIFIED This manual was located by the Manchester, England, Metropolitan Police during a search of an al Qaeda member’s home. The manual was found in a computer file described as “the military series” related to the “Declaration of Jihad.” The manual was translated into English and introduced at the African Embassy Bombing Trial in New York.
Objective Action: Identify modus operandi, training and doctrine of al Qaeda. Conditions: Given student handouts Standards: Identified modus operandi, training and doctrine of al Qaeda.
Administrative There are no safety requirements. The risk assessment level is low. There are no environmental considerations Evaluations Student Checks
Al Qaeda Lessons Lesson 1: General Intro Lesson 2: Qualifications and Characteristics Lesson 3: Counterfeit Currency and Forged Documents Lesson 4: Military Bases (Safehouses) Lesson 5: Commo and Transportation Lesson 6: Training Lesson 7: Weapons; Buying and Transporting
Lesson 8: Member Safety Lesson 9: Security Plan Lesson 10: Special Tactical Ops Lesson 11: Espionage; Open Source Lesson 12: Espionage; Covert Methods Lesson 13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Lesson 14: Kidnapping and Assassinations; Firearms
Lessons Continued Lesson 15: Explosives Lesson 16: Assassinations; Poison & Cold Steel Lesson 17: Interrogation & Investigation Lesson 18: Prisons & Detention Centers
Introduction “Martyrs were killed, women were widowed, children were orphaned, men were handcuffed, chaste women’s heads were shaved, harlots’ heads were crowned, atrocities were inflicted on the innocent, gifts were given to the wicked, virgins were raped on the prostitution alter…"
Mustafa Kemal Ataturk
L1: General Introduction Principles of Military Organization – Commander & Advisory Council – Soldiers – Clearly defined strategy
Military Organization Requirements – – – – – –
Counterfeit Docs/currency Apartments/Hiding Places Communications Transportation Information Arms & Ammo
L1: General Introduction Missions of the Organization – Primary: Overthrow the godless regimes and replace them with an Islamic regime.
– Secondary • • • • • • • • •
Collect Intelligence Kidnapping Assassination Freeing captured comrades Propaganda Destroy places of amusement Destroy embassies Attack economic centers Destroy bridges into and out of cities
L1: General Introduction Importance of the Military Organization Remove obstacles Proper utilization of capabilities Precision performance Steadfastness to the work Achievement of long and shortterm goals – Establish conditions for confrontation – Discipline in secrecy – – – – –
L2: Qualifications & Characteristics of the Member Islam Commitment to the Organization’s ideology Maturity Sacrifice Listening/Obedience Secrecy & Concealing information Free of Illness
L2: Qualifications & Characteristics of the Member Patience Tranquility & “Unflappability� Intelligence and Insight Caution & Prudence Truthfulness and Counsel To Observe & Analyze To Act, Change, and Conceal oneself
9/11: Pennsylvania
L3: Counterfeit Currency and Forged Documents Financial Security Precautions – Divide operational funds • Invested for return • Saved
– Don’t keep all funds in one place – Don’t tell other members location of the funds – Proper protection when carrying funds – Leave funds w/ non-members • Spend when needed
L3: Counterfeit Currency and Forged Documents Forged Documents Security – Keep passport in safe place • Negotiate for its return
– For undercover, all docs should be forged – Know all pertinent info on docs – Important personnel should have multiple identities
– Be photographed w/out beard – Carry documents of only one name at a time – Confirm document validity – Forgery is a command responsibility – Don’t carry a false passport of the country you are traveling to • Easy Identification of fraud
L3: Counterfeit Currency and Forged Documents When Giving Names – The name should fit in with others in the area – Do not have more than one name in the area in which you live Rich Reid
L4: Military Bases & Hiding Places Location from which to launch operations against the enemy – Urban-- Houses or Apartments – Rural-- Hiding places or bases
Use bases in mountains or country side in the late stages of Jihad
L4: Military Bases & Hiding Places Security Precautions for Apartments
– Consider size and location when choosing – Ground floor facilitates escape – Have secret locations inside for important items – Prepare escape routes – Limit knowledge to those who use it – Provide necessary cover stories – Avoid seclusion from the population
-- Rent under false name and non/Moslem appearance – Individuals should rent only one apartment per person – Don’t rent an apt previously used for Jihad – Avoid renting near police or gov’t buildings – Avoid isolated areas – Preference to new developments – Check surveillance prior to entering – Special signals prior to entry
L4: Military Bases & Hiding Places Security Precautions for Apartments (Cont) – Standard for answering telephones – Replace existing locks/keys – Check for no overhead visibility – Avoid loud talk in newer buildings – Have appropriate supporting documents to support cover – Cover should blend with the environment – Cover for members should match cover of location
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation Communication Means – – – – –
Telephone In-person meeting Messenger Letters Modern Devices • Facsimile or wireless
Secret Communications
Clean Cut KSM
– Common – Standby – Alarm
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation Telephone – Used in public places – Preferably in booths on main streets – Use code or general terms – Periodically examine phone hardware – Numbers should be memorized – Establish method of bona fides
Gulbuddin Haektmayer
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation Telephone (Cont) – Change/distort voice when discussing undercover work – Direct local and long distance calls – Proper cover in crowded areas – Notify all parties as soon as compromise is evident – Provide misinformation when being monitored – Use of jamming devices
Abu Qatada
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation In-Person Meeting – Purpose • Information Exchange • Giving instructions • Financing • Member follow-up – Stages of the Meeting • Before • During • After
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation Before the Meeting – Designate location – Multiple-use
A curious anti-al-Qaeda fighter looks into a small cave which was used at an al-Qaeda training camp for ammunition storage in the White Mountains near Tora Bora, Afghanistan, Tuesday, Dec. 18, 2001
• Far from security centers • Ease of transportation • Learn location details • Apartments in the middle • Avenues of escape • Free from surveillance • Plan for approach by
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation Before the Meeting
NYC
– Designate location – Single Use • Intersection of large streets • Free from Security personnel • Avoid crowded places • Alternate location
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation Before the Meeting – Participant Responsibilities • Check security situation at location • Check for surveillance trailing approach • Do not go directly to the location • Wear clothing appropriate to the location • Verify documents are correct • Establish Security Plan
Participant in Background
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation
Senior Clubbers: Ayman, Osama, and Abu Hafs
Before the Meeting – Cover • Blend with location • Must be believable • Should not arose curiosity • Match appearance, financial, and educational background • Supporting documents • Provide purpose for the meeting
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation Before the Meeting – Planning • Specify hour and date • Specify time of departure • Alternate time and date • Short time between notification and actual meeting Only two Seniors left: Hafs is Dead
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation During the Meeting – Exercise caution – Act naturally – Talk in moderate voice – Agree on Security Plan
Wedding photo: Osama’s son (center) marries Abu Hafs’ daughter (not pictured)
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation After the Meeting – Depart separately – Use secondary roads – Police the area
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation In-Person Meetings – Disadvantages
• Vulnerable to capture • Enemy can gather evidence – Photographs
• Revealing the leader to the other Member Abu Hamza
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation Messenger – Intermediary between sender and receiver – Measures • Must know who is recipient • Agreement on signals and date • Use public streets/place • Travel on secondary streets • Use public transportation • Complete knowledge of the area
5L: Means of Communication & Transportation Letters – No sensitive information – Do not mail from post office near residence – Do not send directly to the recipient – Use fictitious name and address – Use opaque envelope – Limit number of pages – Write address clearly – Don’t forget to pay P.O. Box fees
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation Modern Devices
– Transmission no longer than 5 minutes – Place near device with high frequency – TV station or embassy – Carefully specify time – Change frequency occasionally – Move device frequently – Do not reveal location – Use general terms
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation Public Transportation
Kandahar International
– Select one not subject to frequent checking – Board at a secondary station – Match the cover • Supporting documents – Place important luggage among other passengers’ – Forgo religious issues on special missions – Arrive during the day – Don’t start conversations in taxi cabs – Use extreme caution
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation Private Transportation
Binalshibh’s public transportation to jail
– For Overt Operations • Proper permits • Obey Traffic laws • Park in secure locations • Match with cover • Use in special military operations only as last option
L5: Means of Communication & Transportation
Bojinka
Private Transportation – For Covert Operations • Proper permits • Obey Traffic laws • Park in inconspicuous location • Purchase with forged documents • One person in charge of selling • Park with quick avenue of escape • Change color before and after operation • Use false license plate and country • Use small gasoline stations
L6: Training Location – Away from populated areas – Medical service available – Suitable for type of training – Many roads and entrances – Visit during suitable hours – Hide evidence of training upon completion
– Place guards during training – Appropriate facility for number of trainees – Exclude those not involved in training – Take all appropriate security measures – Distant from police stations/eye of public – Prevent observation from another place
L6: Training Trainees – Implement Security Measures as if for Covert Activity – Select trainees carefully – Trainees should not know each other – Limit to 7 to 10 – Should not know the training place – Establish individual training plans
Hicks
L6: Training Trainers – Apply same measures as for commanders – Limit number present to reduce exposure to security – Do not reveal identity to trainees – Small trainee to trainer ratio – Trainers should not know each other
L7: Buying and Transporting Weapons
Al Qaeda
Prior to Purchase – Know physical location of transaction – Verify absence of security personnel • Location far from police stations – Take secondary streets – Perform Surveillance detection methods – Locate in unobservable place – Suitable cover – Avoid crowded places – Arrange alternate site – Test Seller – Prepare hiding/storage place
L7: Buying and Transporting Weapons The Purchase – Verify condition of weapons – Pay only after viewing, inspecting, & testing – Don’t tell the Seller the weapon’s purpose – Watch for unnatural behavior – Depart immediately after transaction completed
L7: Buying and Transporting Weapons Transporting Weapons – Avoid main roads – Choose appropriate time – Post observers ahead of weapons’ vehicle – Surveillance Detection Route – Hide weapons in an inconspicuous manner – Carefully determine the route – PMCS the vehicle, obey the law – Drive normal
L7: Buying and Transporting Weapons Choosing an Arsenal
– Not close to well-protected or public places – Should not be in completely isolated area – Not in an apartment known to the police – Should be in an unused room – Long-term lease or own outright – Do not play with the weapons – Inventory all material – Compartmentalize arsenals
Finsbury Park Mosque
L8: Member Safety Overt-Operator Security – Do not be curious with others – Do not gossip – Do not carry names/ addresses of others – Stay ay home during periods of civil unrest – Use OPSEC on the phone – Burn letters upon receipt • H2O on the ashes
Moussaoui
L8: Member Safety
An undated photo of Abu Musab al Zarqawi, a Jordanian believed to be an emerging terrorist kingpin. (Petra/AP Photo)
Covert-Operator Security – Never reveal true name – Abandon traditional Islamic appearance, sayings, gestures – Avoid famous Islamic places – Carry and know falsified documents – Have protection – Complete knowledge of security situation – Maintain relationships – Use letters and messengers only in emergency
L8: Member Safety
Atta
Covert-Operator Security – Speak softly – Do not attract attention – Vary routine – Cause no trouble – Limit contact w/ overt members – Do not comment on the Organization – Surveillance detection always – No sudden changes prior to Jihad activity – Do not live near security offices
L8: Member Safety Commander Security – Special Importance – Possess large amounts of information – Difficult to replace – Use all previously mentioned measures and divert resources to commander’s security NOTE: Married Brothers should not talk with their wives about Jihad work
L9: Security Plan Definition: A set of coordinated, cohesive, and integrated measures designed to confuse and surprise the enemy. Should be – Realistic – Without gaps – Simple – Creative – Flexible – Secretive
L9: Security Plan Example of a plan for an Individual mission (Training in Afghanistan) – Know prior to departure • • • • •
Reasons for travel? Origin of money? Duration of trip? Who will meet at arrival? Activities in that country?
L9: Security Plan Example (Cont’d) – Know during travel • Why going to Pakistan? • Belong to religious organizations? • Origin of money? • Origin of visa? • Activities in Pakistan? • Staying with in Pakistan?
L9: Security Plan Example (Cont’d) – Know upon arrival • Why in Pakistan? • How long will you be here? • With whom are you staying? Boston Int’l
L9: Security Plan Example Questions once destination is learned – Why were you in Pakistan? Afghanistan? – Are you a Jihad fighter? – At what camp were you trained? – Who told you to go to AF? – Who are your contacts? – Who else was there? – Who were your commanders? – Etc…..
Did you train at Darunta??
L9: Security Plan Require Security Plans for all activities Must account for – – – –
Commander Members Method of Operation Interrogation and Investigation
Members should explain the plan back to the Commander to ensure understanding U/I Muj
L10: Special Tactical Operations Characteristics of Special Forces Members – – – – – – – –
Physically fit Trained in weapons Clever, Canny, Deceptive Intelligent, precise, alert Cold Blooded Able to Keep Secrets Quick thinker Unknown to the Gov’t
L10: Special Tactical Operations Importance of Special Ops – – – – – – – – – –
Boost Islamic Morale Training new members Punishment Mock the regime Assassination Agitation Resistance Legitimacy Terror Recruitment
Ibn-ul-Khattab
L10: Special Tactical Operations Disadvantages – Restraining the Da’wa – Reveal military structure – Expensive – Bad publicity by Gov’t – Terror – Cannot defeat the regime – Failure increases regime credibility – Success leads to assassination of Group leaders by regime
Female warrior
L10: Special Tactical Operations Special Operations Tactical Plan – Research and Reconnaissance Stage – Planning Stage – Execution Stage
L10: Special Tactical Operations Research & Reconnaissance – Target’s personal information • Car type, time of departure…etc – Physical layout (building) • Avenues of approach/escape • Inside • Outside – Security measures
L10: Special Tactical Operations Planning Stage Target Weapons Personnel Tactic Duration Rally points (before & after) – Security during movement – Potential difficulties – Create an alternate plan – – – – – –
At the firing line
L10: Special Tactical Operations Execution (Pre-operation considerations) – Task matched w/ ability – Volunteer force – Pre-position equipment – Member disguise/cover – Last minute recon – PMCS weapons – Weapons locked and loaded
L10: Special Tactical Operations Execution (Post-operation considerations)
– After Action Review – Performance-based rewards/punishment – Hiding members/weapons involved – Destroy all documents – Defending captured members • Care for their families
– Care not to ID participants – Leave no evidence
Espionage Principle of Moslems Spying on their Enemies
L11: Espionage from Open Methods Importance of Information – Allows Command to design quality plans – Early Warning – Enemy’s strengths & weakness – Enemy movements Requirements – Timely – Trustworthy – Forthcoming
L11: Espionage from Open Methods Public Information Sources – 80% of Intelligence • Newspapers • Magazines • Official Publications
– Names and photographs of leaders – Meeting places & topics – Future plans – Present & future enemy capabilities
L12: Espionage from Covert Methods Secret Sources – Recruited spies – Recording and monitoring – Photography – Documents – Burglary – Drugging – Surveillance and observations
L12: Espionage from Covert Methods Detect Surveillance – Walk down a dead-end street – Drop something – Walk fast/stop suddenly – Use store windows as mirrors – Get on & get off a bus – Work w/countersurveillance
L12: Espionage from Covert Methods General Considerations – Meet far away from residence. Prefer night – Do not emphasize information gap – Do not reveal ID quickly – Move slowly – Look beyond appearance – Study the area – Do not carry weapons – Use Cover
L12: Espionage from Covert Methods Methods – Surveillance, Intelligence, & Observation – Theft – Interrogation – Excitement – Drugging – Recruitment
L12: Espionage from Covert Methods Surveillance, Intelligence & Observation – Surveillance • By foot • By Car • Detection by car
– Enemy places • Draw a diagram • Description – Photo’s are best – 18 point minimum
• Make friends w/ someone on the installation
L12: Espionage from Covert Methods Interrogation
U/I Russian POW in Chechnya
– Knowledge of behavior & morals – Strong personality – Posses a Sixth Sense – Extremely patient – Able to act, pretend, and mask – Intelligent, observant, and analytical – Able to establish investigative plan
L12: Espionage from Covert Methods Interrogation : Guidelines for Beating & Killing Hostages – For the purpose of obtaining information – Umma permit beatings • “…strike the nonbeliever…until he reveals the…news and secrets.”
– Kill the hostage to secure information about the org – May exchange hostage • Money, services, or expertise
L12: Espionage from Covert Methods Recruitment – Most dangerous task – Candidates • Smugglers • Political Asylum Seekers • Service industry • Needy people • Port/border employees Look well-fed to me
L12: Espionage from Covert Methods Recruitment – Motivation • Coercion & entanglement • Greed & love of money ** • Love of adventure ** • Love of amusement/deviance • Mental or political orientation ** • Fear of being harmed** – The organization can only use ** in recruitment
Motivated Muj
L12: Espionage from Covert Methods Recruitment – Stages • Finding the Agent • Evaluating • Approaching • Recruiting • Testing • Training • Terminating
Buffalo 6
L12: Espionage from Covert Methods Recruitment – Advice • Don’t exchange packages • Be quick and smooth • Manage agent’s financial status • Let events unfold naturally • Always check for surveillance • You may be a target • Maintain constant communication
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Secret Writing – Paper • Smooth • Ink doesn’t spread • Free of attention getters – Invisible ink • Organic • Chemical
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Secret Writing – Expose the writing • Any animal or fruit fluid • Place over light • Iron • Aspirin/alcohol solution • Colorless vitamin solution (i.e. Vitamin A) • Don’t use metallic compounds
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Secret Ink Considerations – Write only on smooth surface – Don’t emboss paper – Use quality paper – Don’t write names – Wash pen after use • Do not use with any other ink – Write in between lines of a normal letter
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Ciphers & Codes – Cipher • A letter, number, or symbol that takes the place of another letter, number or symbol – Code • Symbols, words, or groups of letter chosen to represent other words
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Types of Ciphers and Codes – Enciphering w/ coordinates – Enciphering w/ symbols and words – Enciphering books, newspapers, and magazines Elements – A fixed system • Sender and recipient agree – A key which changes periodically
Enigma
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code The numeric method – Each letter replaced by a number – Do not have to be sequential – 28 letters in the Arabic language – Example • ABJD ?W; HUI KLMN S”FX QR:T COZ VYG detail of a page from Johannes Trithemius, Polygraphiae libri sex, 1518, exercises in cypher alphabets in the first published study of encrypting information
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Numeric Method Example
((ABJD ?W; HUI KLMN S”FX QR:T COZ VYG)) Sample Key: A=1
B=2
J=3
H=20 U=25 I=30 S=80 “=90 T=600
F=100
C=700
D=4
?=5
W=10
K=40 L=50 M=60 X=200 =500
O=800 Z=900 G=2000
Q=300
;=15 N=75 R=400 :
V=1000 Y=1500
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Numeric Method Example
QAM ALAOW? BQTL REIS ALJM?WRI?
“The brothers killed the President of the Republic” 530400105603501803014005060030025108001501601300 From right to left
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Another Numeric Method Example • Using digits • Could be used via radio/telephone A=1 B=2 T=3 C=4 J=5 H=6 O=7 D=11 Z=12 R=13 ;=14 S=15 :=16 X=17 V=21 U=22 Y=23 ‘=23 G=25 F=26 Q=27 K=31 L=32 M=33 N=34 ?=35 W=36 I=37
• Easily deciphered via letter
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Numeric Method (2) Example
QAM ALAOW? BQTL W;IR ALDAOLI? “The brothers killed the Minister of the Interior” 3537327111321133714363232723536732133127 From right to left 370320701011032010130370140360320302702035036070320103301027
•Using --0-- as a separator
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Method of Symbols and Numbers – Separate letters of alphabet into a number of groups – Each group is composed of a number of digits – Every group has a symbol Giovanni Della Porta, De Furtivis Literarum Notis Vulgo published by the great esoteric in 1591
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Method of Symbols and Numbers 6th Group 5th Group 4th Group 3d Group 2d Group 1st Group I W ? 3 2 1
N M L K Q F G “ Y U 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
V X : S ; 5 4 32 1
R Z D O H J C T B A 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
6th Group 5th Group 4th Group 3d Group 2d Group 1st Group __ I W ? 3 2 1
__
__
N M L K Q F G “ Y U 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
__ V X : S ; 5 4 32 1
R Z D O H J C T B A 5 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code Example of Method of Symbols and Numbers
AL?JWM ALSA”? ALSAB”? XBAHA “The attack will be at seven in the morning” 1 3_1_5 2_4_1 3_2_1 3_1_1 3_2_1 2 3_1_4_2 1 11
From left to right
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code The Letter Method – Eliminate three of the 28 Arabic letters • For example (C-G-Z) – Create a 5x5 chart – “K”= WL – If last letter needed • “H” = IA • “N” = BI – Can insert removed letter for spacer
M
“
:
O
A
N
F
X
D
B
?
Q
V
R
T
W
K
U
;
J
I
L
Y
S
H
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code The Letter Method Example
AQTL ?ZA ALUAGWT
M
“
:
O
A
“Kill this devil.”
N
F
X
D
B
?
Q
V
R
T
W
K
U
;
J
I
L
Y
S
H
MH?L?HI”TINSMHMHI” WYMHLJI?H
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code The Coordinates Method – Every letter corresponds to number (vertical) & letter (horizontal) – Create a table of 25 letters – Omit (C-Z-G) – Note: Example is extremely easy to break
5
4
3
2
1
M
“
:
O
A
A
N
F
X
D
B
H
?
Q
V
R
T
M
W
K
U
;
J
W
I
L
Y
S
H
D
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code How to Complicate 96 70
34 32
N L T B
H
? I Y
J
“ F
M
V
20
9
K O W Q D A R ; X : S U
K R M ; ? D I
– Scramble letters without sequence – Leave blanks in the table – Write the coordinates of the higher letter • The key is KRM ;?DI (Karem Zouhdi) • May God release him
L13: Secret Writing, Ciphers, & Code The Coordinate Method Example
AST:?D AHD ALAOW? MN ;D? ALT”ZIB “One of the martyrs died due to the severe torture.”
96 70
34 32
N L T B
H
? I Y
J
“ F
M
V
20
9
K O W Q D A R ; X : S U
K R M ; ? D I
L14: Kidnapping & Assassination with Firearms Handguns – Characteristics of the automatic pistol – Shortcomings of the automatic pistol – Characteristics of the revolver – Shortcomings of the revolver Soviet Pistol
L14: Kidnapping & Assassination with Firearms Handgun Grip – One or two hands • 2 hands decrease recoil • Dominant hand pushes, other pulls • 2 hands prevents shaking
– Automatic pistols • • • •
Right thumb on left side Mechanism above thumb and forefinger Left thumb centered on right thumb No space between hand and weapon
L14: Kidnapping & Assassination with Firearms Introduction to Rifles Principles of Aims – – – – – – –
Control yourself Squeeze, don’t pull Anticipate discharge sound Not tense, not relaxed Close eye opposite to firing position Don’t take too long Note: • • • •
Rounds high = grip too tight Rounds right = pulling..nervous Rounds left = opposite Rounds below = nervous aiming
14: Kidnapping & Assassination with Firearms Critical Parts of the Body – – – – – – –
The Face The Neck The Heart The Stomach The Liver The Kidneys The Spinal Column
Da Vinci’s Head Study
L14: Kidnapping & Assassination with Firearms Elementary Assassination Ops Crossing the Street – Target on the way to work via public transportation – Two personnel, on motorcycle, open fire as he crosses street. Block Target’s Car – Target in car behind driver – 3 to 4 assassins in wait – Assassins’ car blocks the target – Shooters get out and fire – Requires utmost speed
L14: Kidnapping & Assassination with Firearms Assassination Ops Cont – The Entrance to a Building
• Assassins’ park near target’s building • Assault Target • Flee immediately – En Route to Work • Target driving to work • Assassins lie in wait • Hit tires, guard, driver, & target
L15: Explosives The safest weapon for the Muj Chemical compounds or mixtures capable of conversion to large quantities of hot gas in a short amount of time Explosive Chain – Spark – Combustible material – Secondary material – Charge
L15: Explosives Types of Fuses – Slow Fuse (Safety Fuse) • Cotton or linen woven together, insulated, and contains capsules of black gunpowder • Ignites at 1cm/sec • Ignites under water
– Fast Fuse • Similar to slow fuse • Ignites at 90cm/sec • Use limited to ambushes
L15: Explosives Detonating Cord (Cortex) – Ignites at 5 to 7 km/sec – Can explode w/ the force of 15kg (one round of ammo) – Use underwater? – Adversely affected by moisture? – Used as a belt to fell trees and iron pillars – Shaped in a coil – Substitute for large number of fuses
L15: Explosives Blasting Caps – Normal – Electric
Connecting – Slow fuse to another – Slow fuse to a blasting cap – Blasting cap to Det cord – Knots and Connectors
L15: Explosives Booby Traps – Creative, innovative method to plant explosive charges, injuring the enemy as a result of his normal movement w/out paying attention to surroundings
L15: Explosives Switches – Electrical • • • •
Manual Delayed Natural Circumstances Influence of Waves
– Chemical – Mechanical – Friction
L15: Explosives Closing the Switch – Television and Recorder – Automobile – Alarm Clock/Time Bomb
Example – Using a car bomb
L16: Assassinations with Poison and Cold Steel With Knives From the Front – – – –
Rib Cage Eyes Pelvis Above the genitals
From Behind – Back of head – Spine, directly above buttocks.
Milan Islamic Cultural Center
L16: Assassinations with Poison and Cold Steel With a Blunt Object From the Front – The eyes – Where veins and arteries meet in the neck – Top of stomach (end of stick) – Above genitals (end of stick) – Area of tongue – Choke w/ stick
From Behind – The left ear – Back of the head
With a Rope and Hands
Site of L. Foley Assassination
L16: Assassinations with Poison and Cold Steel Poison Not as in-depth as the Muj Poisons Manual Herbal poisons – – – –
Castor Beans (Ricin) Precatory Beans (Abrin) Tanj Oil Tree Potato Sprout
Spoiled Food
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Interrogation – Conducted by Ministry of Interior Affairs – Psychological and physical techniques – Leads to total collapse – No ethics – Bodily and emotional torture Questioning – Conducted by Office of Prosecution (D.A.) – Psychological warfare • Confrontation & Repeat questions
– Without torture
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Considerations May reveal some secrets under pressure of torture Confessions to Prosecution will be used against you May be tortured by the Gov't to confess at the Prosecution Office
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Countermeasures (Prosecution) – Ask to be seen by Medical Personnel – Ask that evidence of torture be recorded in reports – Ask for an attorney, preferably by name – Ask for food – Deny all accusations, claim interrogators fabricated – Claim admissions were result of torture – Ask to repeat interrogation
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Interrogation Techniques Summoning – – – – –
Simplest type Summoned to appear Command must approve Coached on answers Be de-briefed by Command upon return • Memorize all details of the event
Binalshibh
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Interrogation Techniques Publicized Arrests – Result of a public incident – Interrogation is more severe – Questions will be general without direct link to event – Degree of torture is proportional to the importance of the individual
Jose Padilla
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Steps of Interrogation – – – – –
GTMO!
– – – –
Arrest Search Several days w/out interrogation Treated kindly at first Denial increases harshness • Refuse all Interrogator commands Beatings will ensue Soon, beaten again Made to believe role in operation is known Disclose nothing • Pray to Allah
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Specific Investigations If captured in connection to an incident – Placed in a holding room – Questioning begins friendly – 1st Session used to study detainee • If unsuccessful – 2d Session physical torture • Approach succeeds: leads to increased physical torture • Approach fails: leads to psychological torture
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Resistance – Remain patient, steadfast and silent – Stick with Security Plan – Test individuals prior to engaging in operations – Practice OPSEC with other members of the group
Mecca’s this way, fellas
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Physical Torture
Egyptian Police Police Officer's Cap Insignia
– Blindfolding & stripping – Hanging by hands or feet – Beating w/ sticks/wire/rubber belts or hands and feet – Stand naked for long periods of time – Pouring cold water on head – Extinguishing cigarettes on skin – Attacking with dogs – Made to sit on a stake – Throw in a septic tank
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Physical Torture Cont – – – – – – – – ROYAL SAUDI LAND FORCES MILITARY POLICE
– –
Pulling out hair or nails Dragging Using sharp objects Burning Sleep on bare floor flooded w/ sewer water Standing on toes for long hours Deprivation of sleep, food, drink, medicine Forced hydration then preventing urination Drugs Squeezing genitals…etc
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Psychological Torture Solitary confinement Replace name with a number Threatening rape of family Threaten to rape detainee Threaten to confiscate possessions – Threaten to maim – Offer incentives – Use of harsh treatment, insults, and curses – – – – –
Bienvinidos a Guantanamo
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Advice from Memoirs of a Captured Commando – Concentrate on layout of detention facility – Interrogator will deceive at first by being friendly – Discard all documents concerning operations – Firmly oppose & disobey the enemy – Exaggerate pain by crying loudly – As torture intensifies, its end nears – The interrogator will bargain between torture sessions
KSM
L17: Interrogation & Investigation Advice from Memoirs of a Captured Commando Cont – Giving information intensifies torture – Plan for capture – Only mention well known dates – Memorize dates – Pretend to be naïve – Less information means lighter judgment – Do not reveal information to cell mates – Do not be humiliated or disgraced – Long periods of time between sessions
Zubaida
L18: Prisons and Detention Centers
GTMO!
During Trial – Insist on proving torture – Complain of mistreatment – Make arrangements with defense attorney – Know the names of security officials – Court must be notified of mistreatment – Hunger strikes may succeed or fail – Take opportunity to exchange hidden messages
L18: Prisons and Detention Centers Inside Prison
Nice view at least
– En route, shout Islamic slogans to impress people – Do not accept demeaning work – Create an Islamic, recreational, and educational Programs – Be a model of selflessness – Use the time to worship and read the Koran
A Note on the Importance of Teamwork Abandoning Team work is equal to disobeying the Word of Allah “Duty cannot be accomplished without it and it is a requirement� 'Turn the ground beneath their feet into an inferno': Zawahri
Conclusion
Questions???