want to snare a stealth bomber? use your
one Whoops I Phone signals may unmask a $40 billion flying secret. By Bill Sweetman DRIVING HOME FADM WOAK, YOU SUDDENLY REMEMBER THAT A few of the T·ball kids are supposed to come over after the game.
Should you pick up a couple of pizzas on your way? You pull out your cellular phone and call home to check. Eight miln above you. \ln~n ..nil unhurt!, J. fl..l ~leallh bombo:r i! CruiJing IlO<lIl on lllrar;tiCt nul.. ~ pilot bel~.
Olher sources. Wilh Ihls wlrelC$$ revolu-
lio;>" hu come I polential new spy 1001:. udar syslem. (hi ex,.,1(IIt, ",x1~lIng rillo.llo) lnat evtn radill' can't del(d hi, plaru., but signw ratlW'!r tha ... ge~,allng il$ own. he', 'WfOrIg_ Thai CElli ynu.~ making. alnng The Roke engineers came lip wi,h the with 'hou,ands of other Innocent cell- idea for their r:ellph.one-ba.l.ed radar il5 phone oonvelliu ions taldng pJ.ce 1l1llJV1lr 5Omethi"l!" of iI. Lark.. rwe were brain5lOCm.lown, hils inadvertently unmasked the in!: blue-5ly i!ieilS; l1'Cil!I.o; nlililaging direcbomber-defeating st&llth tl"duJology thai tor P.aul Stine. Can the 5ystem thaI 0011 140 billion to dewlap. e~rgeod hom the bninltorming session At ~ul, Ih.lt is 1M claim foecentiy lTUlde prove bettt:r than Ir<lditioll.lLl radar ill by I\oke MoiIlJO[ Jl.exvdl... small f~rth detecting ,t«hh pJan~r Ptmibly. blltlhe insllrUII:' hou~;n an 18505 man".. hou~ r~ar(:~ haven't yel buill" worl:.lng in a 'lulrl Engll!h towrL Rob- Manor,a sub- modd, and IIOll'lle «pert. question the syssidiary of the GcrUWI dectronia industry tem's prKlical military "alue,since amly:z.· giant Siemem.llII!lOWlCed earlier this feU irog cellphone edJocs accurately i~ a nl)' !hat its t:rlgi~rs had 'r~l\CIl';rM ~te.l!h air- tricky busines.'l. crafl 1I.H:1~~~.· By listening for the fihoc;~ Modern warfare hn been shaped to I 01 cellpoofR' J;ignah bouncing off a J;lealth lug" eXtI'llI by r8dar. B.elore radol, th .. re plane, lhe engin~rs liay, it's possible nOI was no way 10 dete<:t bomboers ulllll they only to deleel ,he pl.1m but ;I!.w 10;> del~r were llolualiy o"erh"ad. SUI in lhe .93.... mi~ its ~ location. Brililh ~Irclwrt ~a" @l[po;ri""""llUthal «>U(.~ (of WMM a"h"''''lionll •.a.1IT woru by »>inlillg I .;hiIInp:! a1llhat_and powerrlll radio beam II the sky and li~tI'n War II, When thl" Luftwaffe bombed loning for the rcflectKJns from flying objectll. don in 1940, the Brltiah 5Ilw!hem roming. HUIloday we live in a 6e3 of ,adio WIlVes thanh to radar beams thaI 5wep1 lhe skies: til". are wnlim>Q\,Isly lxolldcut from <.>ell- .md OOounced off any inooming plane§, plo(>r'\e t~r$. Ide,,~;(on lr;lf\!rl'IIHtl1. 'Jl(J It wn th,e ~"..1 (of • o;Ieeao;loet-IQll8 (al_
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ILLUSTRATION LUa ... LUKOVA
.. nd.mllu~ game D".v.ftn ai.plallt_"S ami, adar. Early tln. englneer~ trietllo canwuflagr airplanes using spt.~ial pal illS and roal ings, II dilin'l worl:. In 1958, Ihe Cl .... senl a camouflagl'<i U'l un a spy flight KrU05 R\.Ls5ia..... uached 10 ~ l\.Lb5lO<luellt prol~51 nole from Moscow wu a delalled radar plot <:if the airplane's night pilh. Sevenleen ~n later, teams nl Lockt-.eed·~ Skurlk Worb 1nd Nonh.op cr1cked The problem. There was no polm I ')'lnK 10 oill1ll;llJll.agll a Conv~n1ional .irplane.ln~lead,lhe engi,ltler~ realized. they I,..d lo ("me "II with an e'lti.\!ly new Iy~ "r ~irplil'''~ th~t wonltl OQl fI,n..,.;t r,"lio signals. TI,,~ te(rel, lnd,hel'('\ enginel!f Alan Bmwn wnui<llalcr~.'wa~ III design a VI'lry !:>ad anumn" and mal:e IT fly.· In lhe "yl!:!i of an ~JV<lY"illllidu, Iht! nrst .IUC(t~rul sl""lIh alrpla.ne. LocldILw·, Hilvt!: BIU<l protoIyp.;. wu 11 miuha~n ntUJUIN. The lilultifa.::rted plill...e had ,iO cur",-,d s"d",e"'j;, "'''/'!II on lh", ..... Ing, .....h.I.::h ""as a"'gled i)al:k IU ,harply Tilat thf: .::u!l euuld barely get uff thl"g.oomL But allihal ,eally malleled was lhal 10 a radar .ysl~m, Ihe 6·ton jel loolffi no bigg~r Ihan a ~ma.jl hird Ha.ve Illue took advantage of Ihe flct thlt lhe rll'.l.,11 !Yl't...llU 'If the ti""e _I'll monOlltatic, meaning ttm lhey employed., 5inS~ anl<,nnll both TO tnnsmil r::Klar signals and 10 listen for lheir echoes. The ~irpI3l>e'. odd sIJ~pe caused r,u:hr signal. to scatler. in.~Ie.Jd of bouncing lJ..r.k r!}Wa.d lhe anTcnn~. The fi'~1 operation.al SleaJrb pbnm;-Ihv 1'·'17 NiGhthawk a,..l rh" g.] Spi.il, 1><)11. irlltod,,~w I... tht 19e1oo.-,elied Oil th", urne prln.::lplc_ Their ~uped IIpper alld luwer slIrfoces dellet-1 Tar1lIr 1"lleI' gy upward (Jr OOwllward. away frolll lhe .ada, 311....,lna. nIl' F-l '7 allrl 8·1 alw ha".,., long, .Iraight edllt'& Ihlt focul rad-lr reflectioJns into Ii nSle, con·
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HOW STEALTH
EVADES fl,t,OAR raIIr, UlrIIlMSl
'"":llo .t~ .. boUi. """"" w _. _ , ~"""
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cellinii'd beams, Th... way Ihe plane's e.lges a.e angled. the t..ams 6h(U\ off to Ihe side, ralh~r than dirl'l:lly !Mek al tire 3nlenna thaI ~nt ~ignal. But Ihough steallh airtnft can fool mQnuotatic r.dan, they may not be I t good at fooling SQ-'Cilled histatic r.>dar, a Sf5lem;n which the Transmitter and rec:eiver are pl~ in ~parftle locaTions 8eeause a bistill ie SY5tem doc'5 nol .~ly on iI single a'llenna, II '''''y be ablt) IU I>id: "I' '"""... ofthe .adio ~lgna4 lh., "'-0: Jc;lllerer:l by il sl~alth plane. And wh~1I a steallh pia"." w,nlun:.J betweeil I bi>talie ly.trll'l 'j; .t!erhlcr 1'1d transmlll.::r, In", sys.",m may e...en dete.::t Ihe '~I3dow' e'NIe<! when lhl- airplanr bIocb the r.tdar lleam.lYIUl1l ....lp"TIS agree Ihal ronYentional sl~alth ai,craft will look diff...rent and polioSibly Imgt'r un a bi&latic rlldar ~creen.
lne
In this game of cat-and-mouse, radars may have a new edge over spy planes. huIl()r'Ig igrlr).-..d, hi,t~ti( radlf h~, bttfl il<;lling a seo:trnd I~ In r~nl Y":Ir:l. For' ",",Imp~. bislatlc radiU' ClRIk! poIel1tlally ellable Ih.., u.s. mil. itary 10 Spol and lrTl(;k enemy airc",fl wilh gU'ilter precision. The sys1em mighl COnSiST of" cenlra) sllrv... illa'lCl" air<.:raft o;;arryilll! .. larg~ r~ilr 11<11\1· miller. u well U i>'ilveril ,mill, unm,nned cntfl carrying radar r~eiVl!n, The lr..nsm;Her plane could hang b>w:k while I~ r~i<.'er·bearing plane venlured far ;nto enemy terrilory. Slill ffiOflOI>18.ic radar retains oome ;lIlvillltageL !'or e>:amllle. la.gel Wli..,n wilh IllOlKlSralic ..,;lar U ~ ,""ap: Oue" a larll~t ha~ been delcelcd :liun"lE-where ale.ill! the nlrrow bf,.. m of Ihe ,adl', [I') simply a mailer of me.1JUling lhe time Ihal ela!M'l."' ootWi.'\ln :;endin!: a r"clio signal and delecling liS <:eho. Since lhoo spcrd.t which radio w....". tra... d tllIt>Ullh the aIIllO!ipl\l!ll! 11 I..nown. il'i ~iil\l'l" lu eakula.", th" dlstan~ of lill! pl.. rle. Bi~utie •.a<lar, by eolllrasl, muSI ",mploy wphistielu ...l oomputer arlal)"!l! III perlor", tlii. basic lasl:. 1(i1"wn
A NEW TYPE OF RADAR puTS STEALTH TO THE TEST trmlk ,.odor, wtri<ll sU<.. lI'IIlAMrittir
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THE LATEST TtlREAT Ttl STEALTtl PLANES
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nal, ralher Ihan g~nerating in own. U,ing a cellpholl" low"r lor a Iran.mill"., th" ,y.lern li.t"n. wilt-, .oceive.rI 10' 1111l e<;hOll:S or th" cell phone ,igIlal •. th~" atlalyze~ IhOM! ~hOl!. 10 dcletl fll'itlg '*Itel$- Th~ I~ta ~tO$t whet\. ~Il tt\.gin«t .«"II«! Ihllllr" trr1l1 B.--iti"h radar /!>:.l"'rir'J\o!t\.b I-...d .di~><3 on I h" BRC', main Ir.n.mille. In london 10 'illuminate" tn., la~. "What If a .t~alth aircrafl had flown across London in 1934" "Iallasi "g di lector Sllne recalls olle 01 his oolleagl'e:\ •• ling, "Would lhat r.tdar hvedelected it'/" Rolle', pil55ive bislatic ""b. is alw Jimil a , IQ. ty1leril o;;.Ilied Silenl Sentry 111,,1 Wif' '~i'I1Iy developed by L<X:kI\~ M"rlinlhough Sil"nt Stnlry ."Ii",. On rndio and td"",i,iml ,lgnBIs. 001 tlUlSf' fmm ~llpOOlla Is cellpOO"",,"bMed radar a true th reat 10 nalional Jecurity" !<Jhn Sheffer, (Q-fwnder of Itealth wnJultilllls M;uitltB Scielltifk Illd CQ-lIulhor of Ihe
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5landard leKlbool 011 rOOiJ detenion, ha, dOf.lbt', ·t'm not .ure:he laya, 'lh31 there',. real POllY in there." Shaeffer points om thaI ~ bi~tBlic rada. sy!>tern has lhe iJest ct-"mce of defealing 5Ieallh whe" the reeeJ....,r is on Ir"., oppmite ~ide or the airplan", rrom the (r;llumillt"I, whiclJ meana th" ajrpl;mc a already ill.!lKk "'I~my territory befoce!he r&dar ~. chanct of pld:Jng it up, An even bigger qoesTion h~alo do with power, Con....,ntiomd mO!lOslaltG radlllS focu~ Imndr.,w; fir kilOWJ1t! inlo a 1>Ii!IIGii ~J~, IiI;" I brig;hl selr.;;hligllL Ct;1I!)h•." 'le low",,~,lry <;ont.ut, pilI 0111 only lena of waul. and in all di.«tlou, more lil«, a household Ilghtbulb, tik", ripples un a fJOnd. tll", tadio waves lose energy as they ~pread, and They KlItler flltlho:r ",hen they hit Blllfge!. ~ the sign.al .. t lbe retei"'llr i, _u.. Allhough 'TV and fM radio Jig11..015 a.e tlronger than tho"" from C<l'l1phonl'!lt. lhey a.e .Iill much weaker lhan thOl'" emitle<:l by a rOUlse:! transmineL
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[n 3 Mar<h 1(JOO rtlX'tt (IIi erili(.al mHi1ary 1ech· flnlnlli"", Ihe f'entagun', Dden~ Threat Reduction A~ncy wrot" that TV-hased bi.I,1Ik .""",., iiI;,., Silent Sentry have som" polenlial again~t '",ahh l"rgel'" Even su, the Pellr,,&,-,n', LQw O!)servahle,jeount<:. Low Observablf!S Exe.:ut iV<! CUrI'U"r1iuL..,. o. Extelll', whiCh <:<ll'!r\llt lhoe ,¢xpo.1 (J( ~'ly 1~&llol<ll)Y Ib~l c<XI1d cn,"prooniSOl.I",.lth, dooet r"IOI m~r'llion blttllif: .adnr in n 10111; 1i~t of Jlol~lltial r:ourner-'ll'alth techniqUe!......nd tho:' ~nlagnn ha, permilted lockheed Manin to go publk with ils Silelll Selllry syslem, which the company Is pilchl"g a~ a way ror one H~tiOll to k...ep II di5GIeel eye on anothe.'~ air5pace, 1~Ih<lFA to JI"V ~I1lOHlllins or Qil"". il"II~1 \r"rror; Kube M\fllQr re~~'o;h<:.. ha"l' I.>o;en G1Q~lipped aoout how llu;ir .adar $Y'!lel1l wl,luld W(Irk, but lhe wmpany hll~ .e1ea~ a diagram .howinG lhal h depend. on multiple receivets, When g cellpho"e 10000'tt ~ndli out I Jignal, ~ retei~r heuJ illwke, The fint ~ign:tl come! di,.,.;tly from the IQWer I"d Ihe s«ond j, an echo from the target, If three or mo~ reui~r! me-a51.l~ the lime rlifferenc:e be1ween Ihe two 5ignals, using GI'S to provide precise syn' ~hroni2.llljonof the arri~a1 tiura, they .hould be able lu pinpoinl Ihe tar~. BLJI as the Rake Manor sc:lentisl. roll up theit
&I..eve&, &lealth enghl""''' cuntinLJe 10 refln" Ihe
shapes of their ,all·but,lnvisible aircnft. Today's tech· nlcal paper! deKribe plane3 whose rncb. cro5He(· IlollS at« Ihe ~lt" IIUI of &",all blllis 00' of lno'"lui 10"'. Mur~r. work i~ prO\!'rening: on stealth· ;nlp'QVinJ; nlethod. thaI 1I."'i! nOlhinS 10 0;10 willi a pLan",'s shape_ Etlf,"eI amI otller "tl()t .]XtIS. 011 sleahh ai/craft can be trrated with plastics (>r P"'ill~ that COil· 131n radar·ab'll." bing inks, powder!, or lIli nera] com· pouruJ,:, Nmbly. Utoiit: malerial~ life m06t effe<:ti~ ill the miCJ1l1'o'iLvt' oo.lId where cellphonell operate. And so, even in otIr Signalolitrewn, wireless world, Ihe 6o-year--old game of cat·and-mouse beTween r.ad~~ and lheir I,uset. continue;;, B
I
STEALTH
BOMB 50UAO A 8"",,·totlchH<l M.r·
II" cNlIllon h. compelln, wiU, HorlhrOll ~"""""'"lollu" lhe N"~t GMH".Mlo" 1l0I'llbH.' rJlid'U,," "1~lh .1r«"1 MI 10 ;orr"'" 1ft :fll', H.... 'hno·s concut._ 11«0,/1'" I
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< _ f . X478 "'wy.UK~ droM.
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work,ng log.elher on 3 dll5ign 10' rile bamblr, "'~omplllilionwith Norlhrop !3rumlTl<ln, Thl AJr "on;ItWQn"t ,nngoyn" the luLII~1 01 fin~L ~tI,,~~ tl>< the new pr~"'iI vnt" Lat,r Ihl~ )'I.... ~t 1M ~Jk"re ,Llil'". I hl~ 5hQuid ~ 3 ~"5")n," trail (3p"1>1~ 01 flYing up 10 1.000 mit~5 rw.w.. r"'~I",g /rom 3n ~,rbooroo I.mker. wfl~. c~rry!ng bet.w~~n 11..000 ~nd 2B.OOCl oound~ 01 ordnance. I.'OS'
sibly ,Mlu<lln\l nUClfat.,.,..a~M" Tr.e botribfrwiLI "lot tM I.arN nt.wlng iMp.!! 01, e.2. whICh mUM M till to rMlut radar !.igMls. Md lrr\Pro'l'!m~Msin two 1<~ .rI'as-surjac:~ d~5ign .I'd aurlace coati"9cOl,lld 9'VliIlhe nll'W bambl'r ~ ri>d.n 5111",,'ure ~ ••maLl u "'"' I'lntho thol of .. """qulto_
ITaodwy". "09Lth bomberllrf! btlotl;f!d to appear em radilr 5er""S lI!io beiflll about the 5~'O1 • small blfll ,I Ad"~~lld compuler mcdel"ll will m.KIt ,. pollible 10 <.Iel19n shap" Ilure to bI lulpr cl,ulti'l'dl lh:ilr Cln <;ji~Wtlr I"'l'" """'t t'f~lll"lly trom 5<:..... n5_ T~n tnere"5 U1e pl3nes ""rlllte_ The 8-2 U5oe5 I N~t>ery skin th~1 contains lilly ooads cllOIled with lenil\!: rOKIar wa",slnd1Jc... maonettC field In 11'1. CO-aIl1'l!l thai con>'trlJ. tM radiO ..".rg~ to M.al The pn:Wlt1'!T\ ii, th,l; cOoaI, Ing II tr.g~. aM .asilyda~ 0)' had w~!ltM1". The N@xt G@l'IeI'"llion Bornb~r w~1 Nv!" radar·ilb!>OrMnt COBlI!'Ilj lhal can withslilnd r""gh tlJ¢'t ,undillon." Thf" n@wcraUcwldall<>h_amaJOr
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Oo'\I!r tocUr". bomberslighter -;'t ~i1Jl~bih.lu. ~i1wn rrom lilt F-22 RilPI'Or" 4-10-air ""WOW wollid delend the bomDtr' from .ltlCklng .,r~uft" PoI.,Ie QI'bo~rd mQQW<I'nor t.~ wtl~ ~ .... ld <.Iesfr"", "'~om'"9 ml.~l .. 01' rld~r 5tallan50n the ground. r~r p.oortlrularty ~1tM<1;f! IoC!vantlgt
<13"9"'005 misSIOns In which 5~llh i!llns of iI (oncern. 111e bomoor couLd ILy at tl1e (@fit!!\' '01 a prolt'(lJ... '"""r pack": this grroliP cr hghlfor drorIos and gllided 1T\rS!.Ilu wolL tr..... lln lorrNItlem .. rGijM thl boml>lr•
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uglnlr'o<1g 'U!«rIllic..n,. b)t ItMIIIg sJgr\oll! 10 on" enothH" usmg r!ldar and s.a1~LLiles The most ;"triglling "onibility of ..n. thou~h. " tm. I>\Ir.istenl rumOl' that tho lit ,t Gtn.ratlClorl BoMt..r is KllJlIlr c....... Thus utilising incident radar waves energy...less enegy radar waves reflected
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TDDAY'S BOMBER FLEET The Air force's CI.llTef1t I:lontM!r fleet OCIffl5;ts of thl! ~ ~ Wmn !"tiPtile B-52. 8-18 ¥ld 8-2, More tI'I¥I ~ .-e ;Mjf1g 8·52$, :s.ome 01$ old a~ SO. AI thrw hiM!il')rM6 r<ln\ill"ar'ld ~ 1hin il. pliImed lor the Z018 boiribe<. but tt>e r-.. bomber i5 ~ to be s~l\t1ioer ar>d ~ ~~•• The 8-52 ~ the old ....,..kho<5tof tr.t U.S. ~ fleet, wltt1 "" ;werq ~ 01 n-ore th<Jn 45 ye;w5. It Qll yny ij wider r...-ge ol~, and loiter IorIIJ'f I'lllhout refueing, thHt M1Ymherbomber, The B-52 lias IT'IOfe than tour IIlTIe5 ltIe rangI! 01 IN- 2018 tJombt.r. Thl :IUplll'lGftk B-1B Wi!\. designed a. ij low-altilllde. high-
5Pfell bornbl!I'.lts ~ rniJke!, illl5!. ~able to aotlad Ihan d1l! o;Jmp,lr~~ ckri,y B·S., but it., not oij; $lealth,;loS!he
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crlr r"lOI1~r'M!"PO'I5, The 1-2,. wtWcI'l (OIn carty o..dear or ~ionilI VoEaportS. is lOdIy's orl~ wltt1 bomber. The .OHI ~ will be ibn I;Q ..
mrlr 5ol; lm~I~. ~te.f/thlel".
and eqllpped with newtr com· pLMn. arid COIl'Io'lIUr'Ii 'r'(ttflrn 1ha.11Tlo!~ it ta5iM 10 dldnge nisWn'; on !hi' fi~.
forllKfel "!lUc"" ~ramlodwe\op trl unmanned nuclttr·Clp.a~ DDmbfl:
Last IPfin9. A~ficl'll'\Mlc laid 0Il1 tIM CUt: Furodll'l4 for 11\. Nl'llt G.... rl.ll6ro BomIioM I. a nowMttl<l bfI fDUM in 11M ~t MCHlI AIr FI)('t:I buGgtl, ~ firlllneiai. n:5oUlt~ n:leMed ; try Ngrll"Rp l;tliIApril~$2bt1lion in
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El-2. ITIO,)rt rt«'lil~ """"" th'I.omrnt Ig tMld tl1e X-4 79" N:lvy i:\I:mOllstrDlor d.l;lne I~I "";0 fl~"'ltr lhi. year, Bt'C8IJ~ It.e oompt"Y hed pr~5ly prl;lpll5ed bu~dif,g II bigger "'rl'lon ollheX-'1, ""llI)' up'rh beUe". lh~t lh. btild< bomber rvmor-ed 10 .... urodvr deveto.cll't1~t It NorWDp illn LJM1.iInn~ lirull! Mf...... fr.:.rn bMh It.. X_'1Ind Ih.
8-2-like, ~a~, an 1Jnrnilf'll1ed ~ariation on the NUl Gentr"aoon 800lb~. For 8otinG's ~rl. ii' priK<cMnl (If a,ban~ed Iy:liltml, o.tryl Davis. I/lla 1M So!.lIIII..
r.rN$l.uIJa...... ,.,.lhIl n,. ~o-mpan, we. -'gn~tjc· ~bOOJt wilettler Iho: lMn~ wwld be m.lnned or uNTlilnned. wtTy'lWUld 1M Air Forel prefer Ig ~ip Ii'll pilgl? Simi'll] An unmlnned c•• l1 wvuld be Imllt.r, ehl'lper, Ind nlVl limost ul\lfmitelleMuunce, "witnoot e pilot, J'OU CDn .emein OYer lhe lergeloree for dly' 81 I time,- soys .kIhn p;~. director of Ii'll Vir;inil·bilsl'd think tilllk Glob~ISe(u.il~,Or~.·You·", 11101'.,-,. ~01 lir pOW1l!r on ( .. Il- Pike U1ys thII A.ir For~. -9ol ..... ~gion- Ibout
UfV1tlnned pt.1lrw. in Iraq. where morl than 1,000 smaller drone. hill'l! been ,"uc-
uud 'or rt~DfIn~i~.ancot and a;r Ilr,I<. ._ Th•• yfIa, math In.li~t ~l't1. ir'1 hislor)' Ihallh. Ai. FDret will buy mor. ce~'full~
unmanned p("ne:; Inen m~ nne~ ono:~. That l.iIid, iI's Ont 1n;"g to IIilvl I .mati unmlnllot'Cf pl~nl cijrry eortVlnliollill bomb.. lnd millilll but quite "llQlhotr" 10 1000d up .. ratlot pl... nl with 1B,QOO pwnd'i 01' nllCle.. r weapons, A~ I rttent ,onqres· slonel report p\l1 it, a lWJCLeer-equipped .obol bom~r is likely 10 be controversial ~t C"SI, if Ihis; is wh<it lhe Air For" hili in mind. no wQl1de. il'~ keepi"') il ~ it'Jlll.