contents Reading the riot facts
Extreme weather
Aug opener
Charting a month of elemental damage
Sat 20th Aug
Counting the cost of August’s civil unrest
The hacking of Milly Dowler’s phone
Amy Winehouse dies
Mon 4th July
by Dr William Shanahan, consultant psychiatrist
by Tom Watson MP
SHORT
Fri 1st Jul – Fri 30th Sep 2011
Sat 23rd July
Lucien Freud remembered Thu 21st Jul
Shale gas discovered under Blackpool
Sue Tilly recalls her time posing for the artist
By Matt Ridley, author
Wed 21st Sep
SERIOUS
The London riots
Phone hacking timeline
Mon 8th Aug
Fri 26th Aug
By Carla Rees, musician
Trouble in Transylvania
How the scandal unfolded
Mon 18th Jul
Thu 15th Sep
Maurice Glasman on the rise and fall of Blue Labour
Will Hungarian nationalism tear a hole in Romania?
Fri 22nd July
How terror rocked a haven of liberalism
Mon 1st Aug
Imran Khan on Pakistan after Bin Laden’s death
Crossing the line Fri 19th Aug
Can a train help to bridge the divide in the Middle East?
All to play for Fri 2nd Sep
Can the World Cup save Haiti?
LONG
The dark heart of Scandinavia
“I felt confusion, anger and humiliation”
A rejection of mentalism
Written in the Stars Sep opener
SHORT
The month in blockbusters
September as reported by the Daily Star
Jul opener
The butterfly effect Tue 13th Sep
From conkers to green energy via Einstein and Israel
Fri 16th Sep
Charting 30 years of summer hits
How to leave a currency union
Mapping the contents of the London Sperm Bank
Fri 9th Sep
Breaking up is easy to do
Battle of the bands The quarter in excuses
The quarter in online auctions
Tue 26th Jul
Sun 17th Jul
Three months of unusual The summer sales explanations of note
Every sperm is sacred
The smart money
The quarter in animals
Fri 30th Sep
Thu 29th Sep
The bets you should have made this quarter
The best of the beasts
‘Spray offenders green’
Wed 21st Sep
Thu 4th Aug
The most successful groups of all time revealed
Our pick of the most unpopular e-petitions
The film formula Sun 31st Jul, Wed 31st Aug, Fri 30th Sep
Tevez does not play against Bayern Munich
“By not very bright I mean astoundingly thick” Mon 22nd Aug
Tue 27th Sep
Can libel laws keep up with the pace of the modern world?
By Jonathan Wilson, sports writer
Every film release of the quarter boiled down
frivolous
On the cover… Overleaf
Gordon Cheung interviewed
David Haye loses to Wladimir Klitschko
Everyone who’s ever been in space
Fri 1st Jul
Visitors to the final frontier visualised
Fri 8th Jul
By Elliot Worsell, biographer
“Put down the books and pick up reality” Mon 4th July
The death of slow news
Can romantic fiction rot your brain?
Tue 16th Aug
How one transatlantic cable changed the world
Rock n Roll vs the Iron Curtain Sun 4th Sep
Was Bill Haley behind the building of the Berlin Wall?
A clash of loyalties
LONG
Sat 16th Jul
The incredible story of Saddam Hussein’s lost propaganda film
Enemy of the stoat Mon 29th Aug
New Zealand’s war on its animal invaders
Jul
1999
STAR WARS EPISODE I: THE PHANTOM MENACE
1994
1997
MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE II
JURASSIC PARK III
BATMAN FOREVER
MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE
THE LOST WORLD: JURASSIC PARK
GODZILLA
2001 1998
2000 1996 1995
1992
1991
ROBIN HOOD: PRINCE OF THIEVES
BATMAN RETURNS
JURASSIC PARK RETURNS BATMAN
THUMBELINA
1993
The month in blockbusters July traditionally sees the release of the year’s biggest blockbusters and 2011 was no exception. ‘Harry Potter and The Deathly Hallows Part Two’ took a record-breaking £23,753,171 at the UK box office on its opening weekend (16th-17th July). But who ruled the summer in days gone by? Research: Marcus Webb Illustration: Christian Tate Chart shows the film with the highest opening weekend UK box office in July. Figures are adjusted for inflation.
2011
HARRY POTTER AND THE DEATHLY HALLOWS PART 2
2009
HARRY POTTER AND THE HALF BLOOD PRINCE
2004
SHREK 2 PIRATES OF THE CARIBBEAN: DEAD MAN’S CHEST
2010
THE DARK KNIGHT
WAR OF THE WORLDS
HULK
SHREK THE THIRD
AUSTIN POWERS IN GOLDMEMBER
2007
THE TWILIGHT SAGA: TWIGHLIGHT SAGA: ECLIPSE
2008
2005
2003
£19.8 M £19.0 M
£15.3 M
2006
2002
£23.8 M
£13.8 M £12.4 M £11.6 M £9.9 M £8.1 M £7.1 M £6.8 M £6.6 M £6.5 M £6.2 M £6.1 M £5.9 M £5.9 M £5.6 M £5.5 M £4.2 M £3.9 M
Sat 2nd Jul 2011
Moment that mattered
David Haye loses the heavyweight title fight to Wladimir Klitschko Elliot Worsell, biographer “Wladimir was the toughest challenge David could take on in his career, as he has these physical dimensions that are such an advantage. I’ve come into contact with the Klitschkos a few times and you couldn’t meet nicer people. I am impressed by how intelligent Wladimir is and I like what he stands for, but, ultimately, I hoped he’d get knocked out. During David’s last week of training he looked tremendous and I had no reason to doubt he could do it. The only doubts I had were just superstitions. It had been sunny in Hamburg all week, then there was this biblical downpour – so bad it almost caused the postponement of the event. David’s England football shirt was another ominous sign. For the last ten fights his T-shirt colour had reflected the way that he intended to fight. Red for the more aggressive performances, blue when he was more cautious. Ultimately these things don’t matter but any break in the routine doesn’t bode well for a fan or friend. I find it a privilege that David calls me into his room before a fight. I thinks it’s because I let him decide if he wants to talk or not. Other people try to chat, but I think he likes it that I seem quite calm. He’s incredibly laidback before a fight, you wouldn’t believe it. I’ve been with other boxers who act like they’re being sent to the gallows. That night was different though – while he was still calm, he seemed to be feeling the magnitude of it all. Getting to the ring he usually embraces the atmosphere – he makes the most of the music, soaks it in. In Hamburg he was rushed, he was sent a strange way through the crowd, got mobbed and I could see on his face that he was distressed by it. Rather than there being an actual moment [when he lost hold of the fight], it was more of a progressive thing. He did well in the opening rounds, but every time David threw his right hand, Wladimir would know it was coming and let it glance up over his left shoulder. As the rounds went on I realised that without his right, Haye wasn’t equipped to do the damage he needed to. There was one moment where Wladimir caught David with a big right hand when he was backed up against the ropes. If anything I took heart from that because my greatest fear was that anything flush could have knocked David out cold. As it happened, he took half a dozen hard rights.
To me, the clearest opportunity for David to turn it around was in the twelfth when he finally landed a right. But Wlad did what a great champion does – he stalled for 30 seconds and then continued to fight exactly the fight he wanted to fight. David has always hated anyone using excuses after a fight, which leads me to imagine that the toe story [post-fight Haye claimed that a broken toe sustained in training three weeks before the title prevented him sparring during the build-up and cost him the fight] was an instinctive response. Only David really knows if it was the real reason that he couldn’t land his right hand with full effectiveness. In the aftermath I think David deserves recognition that he went 12 rounds and he got hit less than any other Klitschko opponent I can remember – it was more competitive than people remember. If you look at the stats, David landed far more power punches but ultimately Klitschko’s jab wiped the floor with him as he controlled the range. David was gutted he didn’t win the fight and you could tell he felt he’d let people down. He joked to me that he hoped he hadn’t fucked up the ending for my book – which he obviously hadn’t. Deep down he knows he didn’t disgrace anyone and that he had nothing to be embarrassed about. But he’s always on the internet reading about boxing and he Googles his own name more than anyone else’s. He saw all the stuff people were saying about him and some of it was really harsh. I was with him in Jamaica just after he announced his retirement a few months later and it seemed like a final decision. He didn’t seem to have any competitiveness left in him. He was into his golf and was thinking about changing career, becoming an actor or something. Then he came back to the UK and started realising that getting into acting wouldn’t be easy, not a quick fix, and he started training again. At 31 he’s at his athletic peak, all faculties intact, but he wasn’t building up to anything. I suspect he will stay retired for now, but would be tempted back by the chance to fight Vitali Klitschko – he’s been chasing that for a long time. I think if there was any possibility of that fight happening he’d jump out of bed.” l Interview: Rob Greig Elliot Worsell is the author of David Haye’s authorised biography ‘Making Haye’, published by Quercus.
Martin Meissner/AP/Press Association Images
“David landed far more power punches but ultimately Klitschko’s jab wiped the floor with him as he controlled the range”
Everyone who’s ever been in space
SOVIET UNION RUSSIAN FEDERATION PEOPLES’ REPUBLIC OF CHINA
On 8th July 2011 the Space Shuttle Atlantis lifted-off for the final time, leaving NASA without the means to launch its own astronauts into space for the first time in 50 years. We chart half a century of human space flight as the USA leaves the final frontier open for the Russians, the Chinese and Richard Branson. Research and illustration: Christian Tate
PRIVATE/COMMERCIAL
Fri 8th
First manned lunar landing
Soyuz 5
Aleksei Yeliseyev Boris Volynov James A. McDivitt David R. Scott 2 John W. Young
First spacewalk 18th Mar 1965
24th Apr 1967
L. Gordon Cooper
Aleksei Leonov Pavel Belyayev
Georgi Shonin Valery Kubasov
Gemini 4
Vostok 6
L. Gordon Cooper Charles P. Conrad
Mercury-Redstone 4
Flight 90 - X-15
Frank F. Borman James A. Lovell
Vostok 2
Gherman Titov
Joseph A. Walker
Flight 91 - X-15
Joseph A. Walker 2
Anatoly Filipchenko Vladislav Volkov Viktor Gorbatko
Gemini 5
Soyuz 8
Vladimir Shatalov Aleksei Yeliseyev
Gemini 7
Gemini 6A
Walter M. Schirra 2 Thomas P. Stafford
Apollo 12 l
Soyuz 1 6
Vladimir Komarov 2 5
Skylab 2 Apollo 14 l
Alan B. Shepard 2 m Stuart A. Roosa Edgar D. Mitchell m
Soyuz 10
Soyuz 7
Virgil I. Grissom 2 John W. Young
Vostok 5
Virgil I. Grissom
Soyuz 6
Charles P. Conrad 2 m Richard F. Gordon 2 Alan L. Bean m
World’s first reusable spacecraft 12th Apr 1981
17th Jul 1975
Apollo 11 l
Voskhod 2
Mercury-Redstone 3
Valentina Tereshkova
Thomas P. Stafford 3 John W. Young 2 Eugene A. Cernan 2 Neil A. Armstrong 2 m Michael Collins 2 Edwin E. Aldrin 2 m
Vostok 1
Valery Bykovsky
First joint Soviet-US docking
Apollo 10
First fatality during space flight
Mercury-Atlas 9
First Space Shuttle launch
Apollo 9
16th Jun 1963
Alan B. Shepard
STS-6 t Challenger
Vladimir Shatalov
First woman in space
Soyuz T-13
18th Jun 1983
Soyuz 4
12th Apr 1961
Yuri Gagarin
l Moon landings m People who have walked on the moon t Shuttle missions $ Space tourists 6 Disasters 5 Fatalities First American woman in space
21st Jul 1969
First person in space
STS-51C t Discovery Thomas K. Mattingly 3 Loren J. Shriver Ellison S. Onizuka James F. Buchli Gary E. Payton STS-51D t Discovery Karol J. Bobko 2 Donald E. Williams M. Rhea Seddon Jeffrey A. Hoffman S. David Griggs Charles D. Walker 2 E. Jake Garn STS-51C t Challenger Robert F. Overmyer 2 Frederick D. Gregory Don L. Lind Norman E. Thagard 2 William E. Thornton Lodewijk van den Berg Taylor G. Wang
USA
Vladimir Shatalov 2 Aleksei Yeliseyev 2 Nikolai Rukavishnikov
Soyuz 11 6
Georgiy Dobrovolskiy 5 Viktor Patsayev 5 Vladislav Volkov 2 5
Apollo 15 l
David R. Scott 3 m Alfred M. Worden James B. Irwin m
Charles P. Conrad 3 Paul J. Weitz Joseph P. Kerwin
Skylab 3
Alan L. Bean 2 Jack R. Lousma Owen K. Garriott
Soyuz T-4
Vladimir Kovalyonok 3 Viktor Savinykh
Soyuz 17
Soyuz 39
Georgi Grechko Aleksei Gubarev
Soyuz 12
Soyuz 18A
Skylab 4
Soyuz 19
Viktor Gorbatko Yuri Glazkov
Vasili Lazarev Oleg Makarov
Vasili Lazarev 2 Oleg Makarov 2
Gerald P. Carr William R. Pogue Edward G. Gibson
Alexei Leonov Valery Kubasov 2
Apollo-Soyuz
Vladimir Kovalyonok Valeri Ryumin
Valentin Lebedev Pyotr Klimuk
Vance D. Brand Donald K. Slayton
Georgi Grechko Yuri Romanenko
Soyuz 13
Thomas P. Stafford 4
Vladimir Dzhanibekov 2 J. Gürragchaa STS-1 t Columbia John W. Young 3 Robert L. Crippen
Soyuz 24 Soyuz 25
Soyuz 32
Soyuz 26
Soyuz 33
Vladimir Lyakhov Valery Ryumin Nikolai Rukavishnikov 3 Georgi Ivanov
Soyuz 40
Leonid Popov 2 Dumitru Prunariu STS-2 t Columbia Joseph H. Engle Richard H. Truly
Paul J. Weitz Karol J. Bobko Donald H. Peterson F. Story Musgrave
Soyuz T-8
Vladimir Titov Gennadi Strekalov Aleksandr Serebrov 2 STS-7 t Challenger Robert L. Crippen 2 Frederick H. Hauck John M. Fabian Sally K. Ride Norman E. Thagard
Soyuz T-9
Vladimir Lyakhov 2 Aleksandr Aleksandrov STS-8 t Challenger Richard H. Truly 2 Daniel C. Brandenstein Dale A. Gardner Guion Bluford William E. Thornton STS-7 t Columbia John W. Young 4 Brewster H. Shaw Owen K. Garriott Robert A. Parker Byron K. Lichtenberg Ulf Merbold
Vladimir Dzhanibekov 5 Viktor Savinykh STS-51G t Discovery Daniel C. Brandenstein John O. Creighton Shannon W. Lucid Steven R. Nagel John M. Fabian Patrick Baudry Sultan Salman Al Saud STS-51F t Challenger C. Gordon Fullerton Roy D. Bridges F. Story Musgrave 2 Anthony W. England Karl G. Henize Loren W. Acton John-David F. Bartoe STS-51I t Discovery Joseph H. Engle Richard O. Covey James van Hoften 2 John M. Lounge William F. Fisher
Soyuz T-14
Vladimir Vasyutin Aleksandr Volkov Georgi Grechko STS-51J t Atlantis Karol J. Bobko 3 Ronald J. Grabe David C. Hilmers Robert L. Stewart William A. Pailes STS-61A t Atlantis Henry W. Hartsfield 2 Steven R. Nagel 2 James F. Buchli Guion Bluford 2 Bonnie J. Dunbar Reinhard Furrer Ernst Messerschmid Wubbo J. Ockels STS-61B t Atlantis Brewster H. Shaw Bryan D. O’Connor Mary L. Cleave Sherwood C. Spring Jerry L. Ross Rodolfo Neri Vela Charles D. Walker 3
1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Mercury-Atlas 6 John H. Glenn
Mercury-Atlas 7 M. Scott Carpenter
Voskhod 1
Vladimir Komarov Konstantin Feoktistov Boris Yegorov
Vostok 3
Gemini 8
Neil A. Armstrong David R. Scott
Gemini 9A
Thomas P. Stafford 2 Eugene A. Cernan
Andrian Nikolayev
Vostok 4
Gemini 10
Pavel Popovich
John W. Young 2 Michael Collins
Mercury-Atlas 8 Walter M. Schirra
Gemini 11
Charles P. Conrad Richard F. Gordon
Apollo 7
Walter M. Schirra 3 Donn F. Eisele R. Walter Cunningham
Soyuz 3
Georgi Beregovoi
Apollo 8
Frank F. Borman 2 James A. Lovell 3
Apollo 13
James A. Lovell 4 John L. Swigert Fred W. Haise
Soyuz 9
Andriyan Nikolayev Vitaliy Sevastyanov
Apollo 16 l
John W. Young 2 m Thomas K. Mattingly Charles M. Duke m
Apollo 17 l
Eugene A. Cernan 3 m Ronald E. Evans Harrison H. Schmitt m
Soyuz 14
Soyuz 21
Soyuz 27
Soyuz 35
Soyuz 15
Soyuz 22
Soyuz 28
Soyuz 36
Yuri Artyukhin Pavel Popovich 2 Lev Demin Gennadi Sarafanov
Soyuz 16
Anatoly Filipchenko 2 Nikolai Rukavishnikov 2
William A. Anders
Furthest distance travelled from earth: 401,056 km
Gemini 12
James A. Lovell 2 Edwin E. Aldrin
15th Apr 1970
Boris Volynov Vitaliy Zholobov Valery Bykovsky 2 Vladimir Aksyonov
Soyuz 23
Vyacheslav Zudov Valery Rozhdestvensky
Vladimir Dzhanibekov Oleg Makarov 3 A leksey Gubarev Vladimír Remek
Soyuz 29
Vladimir Kovalyonok 2 Aleksandr Ivanchenkov
Soyuz 30
Pyotr Klimuk Miroslaw Hermaszewski
Soyuz 31
Valery Bykovsky 3 Sigmund Jähn
24th Dec 1968
Fruit flies Rhesus Monkey, Albert II 5 Mouse Dogs, Tsgan & Dezik
First higher living organisms to survive
1957 Dog, Laika 5
First animal to orbit the earth
1959 Monkeys, Able & Baker First monkeys to survive
1960 Dogs, Belka & Strelka
First animals to orbit the earth and survive
1961 Chimp, Ham
Male vs female 10.7% F 89.3% M
Vance D. Brand Robert L. Gibson Bruce McCandless II Ronald E. McNair Robert L. Stewart
Soyuz T-5
Yuri Malyshev Vladimir Aksyonovn
Vladimir Dzhanibekov 3 Aleksandr Ivanchenkov 2 Jean-Loup Chrétien STS-4 t Columbia Thomas K. Mattingly 2 Henry W. Hartsfield
Soyuz T-2 Soyuz 37
Viktor Gorbatko Pham Tuân
Soyuz 38
Yuri Romanenko A. Tamayo-Mendez
Soyuz T-3
Total as of 8th July 2011. *Altitude of 100km as defined by the internationally-recognised Fédération Aéronautique Internationale
1947 1949 1950 1951
STS-41B t Challenger
Jack R. Lousma C. Gordon Fullerton
Anatoli Brergovoy Valentin Lebedev
Total number of people who have travelled into space*
Animals who got there first
STS-3 t Columbia
Valeri Kubasov 3 Bertalan Farkas
Leonid Kizim Oleg Makarov Gennadi Strekalov
First manned lunar orbit
531
Leonid Popov Valery Ryumin 2
Space Shuttle vs Soyuz MAX PAYLOAD 24,400kg vs 100kg LAUNCH COST $450m vs $100m+ TOTAL MISSIONS 135 vs 66+ REUSABLE YES vs NO CREW 7 vs 3
Soyuz T-6
Soyuz T-7
Leonid Popov 3 Aleksandr Serebrov Svetlana Savitskaya STS-5 t Columbia Vance D. Brand Robert F. Overmyer Joseph P. Allen William B. Lenoir
Second woman in space
19th Aug 1982
Soyuz T-10
Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Oleg Atkov
Soyuz T-11
Yuri Malyshev Gennadi Strekalov Rakesh Sharma STS-41C t Challenger Robert L. Crippen 3 Francis R. Scobee George D. Nelson James van Hoften Terry J. Hart
Soyuz T-12
Vladimir Dzhanibekov 4 Igor Volk Svetlana Savitskaya 2 STS-41D t Discovery Henry W. Hartsfield 2 Michael L. Coats Judith A. Resnik Steven A. Hawley Richard M. Mullane Charles D. Walker STS-41G t Challenger Robert L. Crippen 4 Jon A. McBride Kathryn D. Sullivan Sally K. Ride 2 David C. Leestma Marc Garneau Paul D. Scully-Power STS-51A t Discovery Frederick H. Hauck David M. Walker Anna L. Fisher Dale A. Gardner 2 Joseph P. Allen 2
First untethered spacewalk 7th feb 1984
STS-32 t Columbia
Daniel C. Brandenstein James D. Wetherbee Bonnie J. Dunbar 2 G. David Low Marsha S. Ivins
Soyuz TM-9
Challenger disaster
The Space Shuttle disintegrates 73 seconds after launch at an altitude of 14.6km 28th Jan 1986
Anatoly Solovyev 2 Alexander Balandin STS-36 t Atlantis John O. Creighton John H. Casper Richard M. Mullane David C. Hilmers Pierre J. Thuot STS-31 t Discovery Loren J. Shriver 2 Charles F. Bolden 2 Steven A. Hawley 3 Bruce McCandless II 2 Kathryn D. Sullivan 2
Soyuz TM-10
Gennadi Strekalov Gennadi Manakov STS-41 t Discovery Anatoly Solovyev Richard N. Richards 2 Victor Savinykh Robert D. Cabana Aleksandr Aleksandrov 3 William M. Shepherd 2 Soyuz TM-6 Bruce E. Melnick Thomas D. Akers Vladimir Lyakhov 3 Abdul Ahad Mohmand STS-38 t Atlantis Valeri Polyakov Richard O. Covey 3 STS-26 t Discovery Frank L. Culbertson Robert C. Springer Frederick H. Hauck 2 2 Carl J. Meade Richard O. Covey Charles D. Gemar STS-61C t Columbia John M. Lounge 2 George D. Nelson 3 STS-35 t Columbia Robert L. Gibson 2 David C. Hilmers Charles F. Bolden Vance D. Brand 2 Soyuz TM-7 Franklin R. Chang-Diaz Guy S. Gardner 2 2 Aleksandr Volkov Steven A. Hawley Jeffrey A. Hoffman 2 Sergei Krikalev George D. Nelson 2 John M. Lounge 3 Jean-Loup Chrétien 2 Robert J. Cenker Robert A. Parker Clarence W. Nelson Samuel T. Durrance STS-27 t Atlantis Ronald A. Parise 3 STS-51Lt Challenger 6 Robert L. Gibson Soyuz TM-11 Guy S. Gardner Soyuz T-15 Richard M. Mullane Viktor Afanasyev Jerry L. Ross 2 Musa Manarov Leonid Kizim 2 Toyohiro Akiyama Vladimir Solovyov 2 William M. Shepherd
Soyuz TM-5
STS-42 t Discovery Ronald J. Grabe 3 Stephen S. Oswald Norman E. Thagard 4 David C. Hilmers William F. Readdy Roberta L. Bondar Ulf Merbold 2 Soyuz TM-14 Klaus-Dietrich Flade Aleksandr Viktorenko 2 Aleksandr Kaleri STS-45 t Atlantis Charles F. Bolden 3 Brian Duffy Kathryn D. Sullivan 3 David C. Leestma C. Michael Foale Byron K. Lichtenberg Dirk Frimout STS-49 t Endeavour Daniel C. Brandenstein Kevin P. Chilton Pierre J. Thuot 2 Kathryn C. Thornton 2 Richard J. Hieb 2 Thomas D. Akers 2 Bruce E. Melnick 2 STS-50 t Columbia Richard N. Richards 3 Kenneth D. Bowersox Bonnie J. Dunbar 3 Lawrence J. DeLucas Ellen S. Baker 2 Carl J. Meade 2 Eugene H. Trinh Soyuz TM-15 Michael Tognini Anatoly Solovyev 3 Sergei Avdeyev STS-46 t Atlantis Loren J. Shriver 3 Andrew M. Allen Jeffrey A. Hoffman 3 F. R. Chang-Diaz 3 Claude Nicollier Marsha S. Ivins 2 Franco Malerba STS-47 t Endeavour Robert L. Gibson 4 Curtis L. Brown Mark C. Lee 2 N. Jan Davis Jerome Apt 2 Mae C. Jemison Mamoru Mohri STS-52 t Columbia James B. Wetherbee Michael A. Baker 2 Charles L. Veach 2 William M. Shepherd 3 Tamara E. Jernigan 2 Steven G. MacLean STS-53 t Columbia David M. Walker 3 Robert D. Cabana 2 Guion Bluford 4 James S. Voss 2 Michael R. Clifford
400+
Soyuz TM-18
Viktor Afanasyev 2 Yuri Usachyev Valeri Polyokov STS-60 t Discovery Charles F. Bolden 4 Kenneth S. Reightler 2 N. Jan Davis 2 Ronald M. Sega F. R. Chang-Diaz 4 Sergei Krikalev 3 STS-62 t Columbia John H. Casper 3 Andrew M. Allen 2 Pierre J. Thuot 3 Charles D. Gemar 3 Marsha S. Ivins 3 STS-59 t Endeavour Sidney M. Gutierrez 2 Kevin P. Chilton 2 Linda M. Godwin 2 Jerome Apt 3 Michael R. Clifford 2 Thomas D. Jones
Soyuz TM-19
Yuri Malenchenko Talgat Musabayev STS-65 t Columbia Robert D. Cabana 3 James D. Halsell Richard J. Hieb 3 Carl E. Walz 2 Leroy Chiao Donald A. Thomas Chiaki Naito-Mukai STS-64 t Discovery Richard N. Richards 4 L. Blaine Hammond 2 Jerry M. Linenger Susan J. Helms 2 Carl J. Meade 3 Mark C. Lee 3 STS-68 t Endeavour Michael A. Baker 3 Terrence W. Wilcutt Thomas D. Jones 2 Steven L. Smith Daniel W. Bursch 2 Peter J.K. Wisoff
Number of people signed up for Richard Branson’s future $200,000 Virgin Galactic spaceflights
STS-72 t Endeavour Brian Duffy 3 Brent W. Jett Leroy Chiao 2 Daniel T. Barry Winston E. Scott Koichi Wakata
Oldest person in space, aged 77 29th Oct 1998
Soyuz TM-23
Yuri Onufrienko Yuri Usachyev 2 STS-75 t Columbia Andrew M. Allen 3 Scott J. Horowitz F. R. Chang-Diaz 5 Maurizio Cheli Jeffrey A. Hoffman 5 Claude Nicollier 3 Umberto Guidoni STS-76 t Atlantis Kevin P. Chilton 2 Richard A. Searfoss 2 Linda M. Godwin 3 Michael R. Clifford 3 Ronald M. Sega 2 Shannon W. Lucid 5 STS-77 t Endeavour John H. Casper 4 Curtis L. Brown 3 Daniel W. Bursch 3 Mario Runco, Jr. 3 J. Marc Garneau Andrew S.W. Thomas STS-78 t Columbia Terence T. Henricks 4 Kevin R. Kregel 2 Susan J. Helms 3 Richard M. Linnehan Charles E. Brady Jean-Jacques Favier Robert B. Thirsk
Soyuz TM-24
Claudie Haigneré Valery Korzun Aleksandr Kaleri 2 STS-79 t Atlantis William F. Readdy 3 Soyuz TM-20 Terrence W. Wilcutt 2 Ulf Merbold 3 Thomas D. Akers 4 3 Aleksandr Viktorenko Jerome Apt 4 Yelena Kondakova Carl E. Walz 3 John E. Blaha 5 STS-66 t Atlantis Donald R. McMonagle 3 STS-80 t Columbia 2 Curtis L. Brown Kenneth D. Cockrell 3 2 Ellen L. Ochoa Kent V. Rominger 2 Scott E. Parazynski Tamara E. Jernigan 4 Joseph R. Tanner Thomas D. Jones 3 Jean-François Clervoy F. Story Musgrave 6
STS-109 t Columbia
STS-89 t Endeavour
Terrence W. Wilcutt 3 Joe F. Edwards Bonnie J. Dunbar 4 Michael P. Anderson James F. Reilly Salizhan Sharipov Andrew S.W. Thomas 2
Soyuz TM-27
Léopold Eyharts Talgat Musabayev 2 Nikolai Budarin 2 STS-90 t Columbia Richard A. Searfoss 3 Scott D. Altman Richard M. Linnehan 2 Dafydd R. Williams Kathryn P. Hire Jay C. Buckley James A. Pawelzyk STS-91 t Discovery Charles J. Precourt 3 D. L. Pudwill Gorie Wendy B. Lawrence 3 F. R. Chang-Diaz 6 Janet L. Kavandi Valery Ryumin 3
Soyuz TM-28
Yuri Baturin Gennadi Padalka Sergei Avdeyev 3 STS-95 t Discovery Curtis L. Brown 5 Steven W. Lindsey 2 Scott E. Parazynski 3 Stephen K. Robinson 2 Pedro Duque Chiaki Mukai John H. Glenn 2 STS-88 t Endeavour Robert D. Cabana 4 Frederick W. Sturckow N. J. Sherlock Currie 3 Jerry L. Ross 6 James H. Newman 3 Sergei Krikalev 4
STS-99 t Endeavour Kevin R. Kregel 4 D. L. Pudwill Gorie 2 Janet L. Kavandi 2 Janice E. Voss 5 Mamoru Mohri 2 Gerhard Thiele
Soyuz TM-30
Sergei Zalyotin Aleksandr Kaleri 3 STS-101 t Atlantis James D. Halsell 5 Scott J. Horowitz 2 Mary E. Weber 2 Jeffrey N. Williams James S. Voss 4 Susan J. Helms 4 Yuri Usachev STS-106 t Atlantis Terrence W. Wilcutt 4 Scott D. Altman 2 Daniel C. Burbank Edward T. Lu 2 Richard A. Mastracchio Yuri Malenchenko 2 Boris Morukov STS-92 t Discovery Brian Duffy 2 Pamela A. Melroy Koichi Wakata 2 Leroy Chiao 3 Peter J.K. Wisoff 2 M.l E. Lopez-Alegria 2 William S. McArthur 3
Soyuz TM-31
Yuri Gidzenko Sergei Krikalev 5 William M. Shepherd 4 STS-97 t Endeavour Brent W. Jett 2 Michael J. Bloomfield 2 Joseph R. Tanner 2 J. Marc Garneau 2 Carlos I. Noriega 2
Scott D. Altman 3 Duane G. Carey John M. Grunsfeld 3 N. J. Sherlock Currie 4 James H. Newman 4 Richard M. Linnehan 3 Michael J. Massimino STS-110 t Atlantis Michael J. Bloomfield 3 Stephen N. Frick Jerry L. Ross 3 Steven L. Smith 3 Ellen L. Ochoa 4 Lee Morin Rex J. Walheim
STS-122 t Atlantis
First commercial human spaceflight 21st Jun 2004
Soyuz TM-34
Yuri Gidzenko 4 Roberto Vittori Mark Shuttleworth $ STS-111 t Endeavour Kenneth D. Cockrell 5 Paul S. Lockhart F. R. Chang-Diaz 7 Philippe Perrin Valeri Korzun Sergei Treshchev Peggy A. Whitson STS-112 t Atlantis Jeffrey S. Ashby 3 Pamela A. Melroy 2 David A. Wolf 3 Piers J. Sellers Sandra H. Magnus Fyodor Yurchikhin
Soyuz TMA-1
Sergei Zalyotin 2 Yuri Lonchakov 2 Frank De Winne STS-113 t Endeavour James D. Wetherbee 2 Paul S. Lockhart 2 M. E. Lopez-Alegria 3 John B. Herrington Kenneth D. Bowersox 4 Donald R. Pettit Nikolai Budarin 3
Soyuz TMA-8
Soyuz TMA-4
André Kuipers Gennadi Padalka 2 E. Michael Fincke
SpaceShipOne
Michael W. Melvill
SpaceShipOne
Michael W. Melvill 2
SpaceShipOne W. Brian Binnie
Soyuz TMA-5
Yuri Shargin Salizhan Sharipov 2 Leroy Chiao 4
Marcos Pontes Pavel Vinogradov 2 Jeffrey N. Williams 2 STS-121 t Discovery Steven W. Lindsey 2 Mark Kelly 2 Michael E. Fossum Piers J. Sellers 2 Lisa M. Nowak Stephanie D. Wilson Thomas Reiter 2 STS-115 t Atlantis Brent W. Jett 3 Christopher J. Ferguson Joseph R. Tanner 3 Daniel C. Burbank 2 H. M. Stefanyshyn-Piper Steven G. MacLean 2
Soyuz TMA-9
Anousheh Ansari $ Mikhail Tyurin 2 M. E. Lopez-Alegria 4 STS-116 t Discovery Mark L. Polansky 2 William A. Oefelein Robert L. Curbeam 3 Joan E. Higginbotham Nicholas J.M. Patrick Christer Fuglesang Sunita L. Williams
Stephen N. Frick 2 Alan G. Poindexter Leland D. Melvin Rex J. Walheim 2 Stanley G. Love Hans Schlegel 2 Léopold Eyharts 2 STS-123 t Endeavour D. L. Pudwill Gorie 2 Gregory H. Johnson Robert L. Behnken Michael J. Foreman Richard M. Linnehan 4 Takao Doi 2 Garrett E. Reisman
Soyuz TMA-12
Yi So-yeon Sergey Volkov Oleg Kononenko STS-124 t Discovery Mark Kelly 3 Kenneth T. Ham Karen L. Nyberg Ronald J. Garan Michael E. Fossum 2 Akihiko Hoshide Gregory E. Chamitoff
Shenzhou 7 Zhai Zhigang Liu Boming Jing Haipeng
Soyuz TMA-13
Yuri Lonchakov 3 E. Michael Fincke 2 Richard A. Garriot $ STS-126 t Endeavour Christopher J. Ferguson 2 Eric A. Boe Donald R. Pettit 2 Stephen G. Bowen H. M. Stefanyshyn-Piper 2 Robert S. Kimbrough Sandra H. Magnus 2
STS-130 t Endeavour
George D. Zamka 2 Terry W. Virts Kathryn P. Hire 2 Stephen K. Robinson 2 Nicolas J.M. Patrick Robert L. Behnken 2
Soyuz TMA-18
Aleksandr Skvortsov Mikhail Korniyenko Tracy E. Caldwell Dyson 2 STS-131 t Discovery Alan G. Poindexter 2 James P. Dutton Richard A. Mastracchio 3 Clayton C. Anderson 2 D. Metcalf-Lindenburger Stephanie D. Wilson 3 Naoko Yamazaki STS-132 t Atlantis Kenneth T. Ham 2 Dominic A. Antonelli Garrett E. Reisman 2 Michael T. Good Stephen G. Bowen 2 Piers J. Sellers 3
Soyuz TMA-19
Fyodor Yurchikhin 3 Shannon Walker Douglas H. Wheelock 2
Soyuz TMA-01M Aleksandr Kaleri 5 Oleg Skripochka Scott Kelly 2
Soyuz TMA-20
Dmitri Kondratyev Catherine G. Coleman 3 Paolo Nespoli 2
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Soyuz TM-2
Alexander Laveykin Yuri Romanenko
STS-29 t Discovery
Michael L. Coats John E. Blaha James P. Bagian Soyuz TM-3 James F. Buchli Aleksandr Viktorenko Robert C. Springer Mohammed Faris Aleksandr Aleksandrov 2 STS-30 t Atlantis David M. Walker 2 Soyuz TM-4 Ronald J. Grabe 2 Anatoli Levchenko Norman E. Thagard 3 Vladimir Titov 2 Mary L. Cleave 2 Musa Manarov Mark C. Lee STS-28 t Columbia Brewster H. Shaw Richard N. Richards James C. Adamson David C. Leestma Mark N. Brown
Soyuz TM-8
Alexander Viktorenko 2 Aleksandr Serebrov 3 STS-34 t Atlantis Donald E. Williams Michael J. McCulley F. R. Chang-Diaz 2 Shannon W. Lucid 2 Ellen S. Baker STS-33 t Discovery Frederick D. Gregory John E. Blaha 2 F. Story Musgrave 3 Manley L. Carter Kathryn C. Thornton
STS-37 t Atlantis
Steven R. Nagel 3 Kenneth D. Cameron Jerry L. Ross 3 Jerome Apt Linda M. Godwin STS-39 t Discovery Michael L. Coats L. Blaine Hammond Guion Bluford 3 Gregory J. Harbaugh Richard J. Hieb Donald R. McMonagle Charles L. Veach
Soyuz TM-12
Helen Sharman Anatoli Artsebarsky Sergei Krikalev 2 STS-40 t Columbia Bryan D. O’Connor Sidney M. Gutierrez James P. Bagian Tamara E. Jernigan M. Rhea Seddon 2 F. Drew Gaffney Millie Hughes-Fulford STS-43 t Atlantis John E. Blaha 3 Michael A. Baker Shannon W. Lucid 3 James C. Adamson G. David Low 2 STS-48 t Discovery John O. Creighton Kenneth S. Reightler James F. Buchli Charles D. Gemar 2 Mark N. Brown
Soyuz TM-13
Toktar Aubakirov Franz Viehböck Aleksandr Volkov 2 STS-44 t Atlantis Frederick D. Gregory 2 Terence T. Henricks F. Story Musgrave 4 Mario Runco, Jr. James S. Voss Thomas J. Hennen
First Briton in space First European woman in Space 18th May 1991
STS-54 t Endeavour
John H. Casper 2 Donald R. McMonagle 2 Mario Runco, Jr. 2 Gregory J. Harbaugh 2 Susan J. Helms
Soyuz TM-16
Gennadi Manakov 2 Aleksandr Poleshchuk STS-56 t Discovery Kenneth D. Cameron 2 Stephen S. Oswald 2 C. Michael Foale 2 Kenneth D. Cockrell Ellen L. Ochoa STS-55 t Columbia Steven R. Nagel 4 Terence T. Henricks 2 Jerry L. Ross 4 Charles J. Precourt Bernard A. Harris Ulrich Walter Hans Schlegel STS-57 t Endeavour Ronald J. Grabe 4 Brian Duffy 2 G. David Low 3 Nancy J. Sherlock Currie Peter J. Wisoff Janice E. Voss
Soyuz TM-17
Jean-Pierre Haigneré Vasili Tsiblyev Aleksandr Serebrov 4 STS-51 t Discovery Frank L. Culbertson 2 William F. Readdy 2 James H. Newman Daniel W. Bursch Carl E. Walz STS-58 t Columbia John E. Blaha 4 Richard A. Searfoss M. Rhea Seddon 3 William S. McArthur David A. Wolf Shannon W. Lucid 4 Martin J. Fettman STS-61 t Endeavour Richard O. Covey 4 Kenneth D. Bowersox 2 F. Story Musgrave 5 Kathryn C. Thornton 3 Claude Nicollier 2 Jeffrey A. Hoffman 4 Thomas D. Akers 3
STS-63 t Discovery
James D. Wetherbee 2 Eileen M. Collins C. Michael Foale 3 Janice E. Voss 2 Bernard A. Harris 2 Vladimir Titov 3 STS-67 t Endeavour Stephen S. Oswald 3 William G. Gregory Tamara E. Jernigan 3 John M. Grunsfeld Wendy B. Lawrence Ronald A. Parise 2 Samuel T. Durrance 2
Soyuz TM-21
Norman E. Thagard 5 Vladimir Dezhurov Gennadi Strekalov 2 STS-71 t Atlantis Robert L. Gibson 5 Charles J. Precourt 2 Ellen S. Baker 3 Bonnie J. Dunbar 4 Gregory J. Harbaugh 3 Anatoly Solovyev 4 Nikolai Budarin STS-70 t Discovery Terence T. Henricks 3 Kevin R. Kregel N. J. Sherlock Currie 2 Donald A. Thomas 2 Mary E. Weber
Soyuz TM-22
Sergei Avdeyev 2 Yuri Ghidzenko Thomas Reiter STS-69 t Endeavour David M. Walker 4 Kenneth D. Cockrell 2 James S. Voss 3 James H. Newman 2 Michael L. Gernhardt STS-73 t Columbia Kenneth D. Bowersox 3 Kent V. Rominger Kathryn C. Thornton 4 Catherine G. Coleman Michael E. Lopez-Alegria Fred W. Leslie Albert Sacco STS-74 t Atlantis Kenneth D. Cameron 3 James D. Halsell 2 Jerry L. Ross 5 William S. McArthur 2 Chris A. Hadfield
STS-83 t Columbia
James D. Halsell 3 Susan L. Still Janice E. Voss 3 Donald A. Thomas 3 Michael L. Gernhardt 2 Roger K. Crouch Gregory T. Linteris STS-84 t Atlantis Charles J. Precourt 3 Eileen M. Collins 2 Jean-François Clervoy 2 Carlos I. Noriega Edward T. Lu Yelena Kondakova 2 C. Michael Foale 4 STS-94 t Columbia James D. Halsell 4 Susan L. Still 2 Janice E. Voss 4 Donald A. Thomas 4 Michael L. Gernhardt 3 Roger K. Crouch 2 Gregory T. Linteris 2
Soyuz TM-26
Anatoly Solovyev 5 Pavel Vinogradov STS-85 t Discovery Curtis L. Brown 4 Kent V. Rominger 3 N. Jan Davis 3 Robert L. Curbeam Stephen K. Robinson Bjarni V. Tryggvason STS-86 t Atlantis James D. Wetherbee 3 Michael J. Bloomfield Vladimir Titov 4 Scott E. Parazynski 2 Jean-Loup Chrétien 3 Wendy B. Lawrence 2 David A. Wolf 2 STS-87 t Columbia Steven W. Lindsey Kevin R. Kregel 3 Winston E. Scott 2 Kalpana Chawla Takao Doi Leonid Kadeniuk
Soyuz TM-29
Ivan Bella Viktor Afanasyev 3 Jean-Pierre Haigneré 2 STS-96 t Discovery Kent V. Rominger 4 Rick D. Husband Ellen L. Ochoa 3 Tamara E. Jernigan 5 Daniel T. Barry 2 Julie Payette Valery Tokarev STS-93 t Columbia Eileen M. Collins 3 Jeffrey S. Ashby Steven A. Hawley 4 Catherine G. Coleman 2 Michel Tognini STS-103 t Discovery Curtis L. Brown 6 Scott J. Kelly Steven L. Smith 2 C. Michael Foale 5 John M. Grunsfeld 2 Claude Nicollier 4 Jean-François Clervoy 3
STS-98 t Atlantis
Kenneth D. Cockrell 4 Mark L. Polansky Robert L. Curbeam 2 Marsha S. Ivins 4 Thomas D. Jones 4 STS-102 t Discovery James D. Wetherbee 4 James M. Kelly Andrew S. W. Thomas Paul W. Richards Yury Usachev James S. Voss 5 Susan J. Helms 5 STS-100 t Endeavour Kent V. Rominger 5 Jeffrey S. Ashby 2 Scott E. Parazynski 4 John L. Phillips Chris A. Hadfield 2 Umberto Guidoni 2 Yuri Lonchakov
STS-107 t Columbia 6 Rick D. Husband 2 5 William C. McCool David M. Brown Kalpana Chawla 2 5 Michael P. Anderson 2 5 Laurel B. Clark 5 Ilan Ramon 5 Soyuz TMA-2
Yuri Malenchenko 3 Edward T. Lu 3
Shenzhou 5 Yáng Lìwei
Soyuz TMA-3
Aleksandr Kaleri 4 C. Michael Foale 6
Soyuz TMA-6
Roberto Vittori 2 Sergei Krikalev 6 John L. Phillips 2 STS-114 t Discovery Eileen M. Collins 4 James M. Kelly 2 Stephen K. Robinson 3 Andrew S. W. Thomas 2 Wendy B. Lawrence 2 Charles J. Camarda Soichi Noguchi
Soyuz TMA-7
Gregory H. Olsen $ Valery Tokarev 2 William S. McArthur 4
Shenzhou 6 Fèi Jùnlóng Niè Haishèng
Charles Simonyi $ Oleg Kotov Fyodor Yurchikhin 2 STS-117 t Atlantis Frederick W. Sturckow 3 Lee J. Archambault Patrick G. Forrester Steven R. Swanson John D. Olivas James F. Reilly 3 Clayton C. Anderson STS-118 t Endeavour Scott Kelly Charles O. Hobaugh 2 Tracy E. Caldwell Dyson Richard A. Mastracchio 2 Barbara R. Morgan Benjamin A. Drew Dafydd R. Williams 2
Soyuz TMA-11
Soyuz TM-32
Talgat Musabayev 3 Yuri Baturin 2 Dennis A. Tito $ STS-104 t Atlantis Steven W. Lindsey 3 Charles O. Hobaugh Michael L. Gernhardt 4 James F. Reilly 2 Janet L. Kavandi 2 STS-105 t Discovery Scott J. Horowitz 2 Frederick W. Sturckow 2 Daniel T. Barry 3 Patrick G. Forrester Frank L. Culbertson 3 Vladimir Dezhurov 2 Mikhail Tyurin
Soyuz TMA-10
Columbia disaster The Space Shuttle disintegrates on re-entry 1st Feb 2003
S. Muszaphar Shukor Yuri Malenchenko 4 Peggy A. Whitson 2 STS-120 t Discovery Pamela A. Melroy 3 George D. Zamka Scott E. Parazynski 5 Stephanie D. Wilson 2 Douglas H. Wheelock Paolo Nespoli Daniel M. Tani 2
Sources: The Orbital Report News Agency; NASA; Russian Federal Space Agency
Soyuz TM-33
Victor Afanasyev Konstantin Kozeyev Claudie Haigneré 2 STS-108 t Endeavour D. L. Pudwill Gorie 3 Mark Kelly Linda M. Godwin 4 Daniel M. Tani Yuri Onufrienko 2 Carl E. Walz 4 Daniel W. Bursch 4
First space tourist 28th Apr 2001
First Chinese human spaceflight 15th Oct 2003
STS-119 t Discovery Lee J. Archambault 2 Dominic A. Antonelli Joseph M. Acaba Steven R. Swanson 2 Richard R. Arnold John L. Phillips 3 Koichi Wakata 3
Soyuz TMA-14
Gennadi Padalka 3 Michael R. Barratt Charles Simonyi 2 $ STS-125 t Atlantis Scott D. Altman 3 Gregory C. Johnson Michael T. Good K. Megan McArthur John M. Grunsfeld 4 Michael J. Massimino 2 Andrew J. Feusteli
Soyuz TMA-15
Roman Romanenko Frank De Winne 2 Robert Thirsk STS-127 t Endeavour Mark L. Polansky 3 Douglas G. Hurley Christopher J. Cassidy Thomas H. Marshburn David A. Wolf 4 Julie Payette 2 STS-128 t Discovery Frederick W. Sturckow 4 Kevin A. Ford 4 Patrick G. Forrester 3 Jose M. Hernández John D. Olivas 2 Christer Fuglesang 2 Nicole P. Stott
STS-133 t Discovery Steven Lindsey Eric A. Boe 2 Nicole P. Stott 2 Benjamin A. Drew Michael R. Barratt 2 Stephen G. Bowen 3 Soyuz TMA-21
Aleksandr Samokutyayev Andrei Borisenko Ronald J. Garan 2 STS-134 t Endeavour Mark Kelly 4 Gregory H. Johnson 2 Michael Fincke 2 Gregory E. Chamitoff 2 Andrew J. Feustel Roberto Vittori 3
Soyuz TMA-02M
Sergey Volkov 2 Michael E. Fossum 3 Satoshi Furukawa STS-135 t Atlantis Christopher Ferguson Douglas G. Hurley 2 Sandra Magnus Rex J. Walheim 3
Soyuz TMA-16
Guy Laliberté $ Maksim Surayev Jeffrey N. Williams 2 STS-129 t Atlantis Charles O. Hobaugh 3 Barry E. Wilmore Leland D. Melvin 2 Randolph J. Bresnik Michael J. Foreman 2 Robert L. Satcher
Soyuz TMA-17
Oleg Kotov 2 Timothy J. Creamer Soichi Noguchi 2
Final shuttle launch 8th Jul 2011
The dark heart of Scandinavia
Simon Reid-Henry revisits Utøya after Anders Behring Breivik’s massacre, and asks how the most avowedly liberal region in the world produced an act of such horror Fri 22nd
On the dark Norway pine, On that dark heart of mine Fell their soft splendour. – Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, ‘The Skeleton in Armour’
Matt Dunham/AP/Press Association Images
T
hey were images that shocked the world and would haunt Scandinavia: footage shot from a helicopter above Utøya showed an island strewn with bodies and one man calmly strolling amongst them. The 69 bodies were those of students and volunteers at a Labour Party Youth (AUF) camp. The man was Anders Behring Breivik and he had just committed a massacre. Two months on from Breivik’s horrifying actions and we are back on Utøya in the company of AUF leader Eskil Pederson, a survivor of 22nd July. We shuffle around, exploring the island using a marked-up catalogue of places and events: recently affixed laminated signs correspond to our handheld maps, referencing sites of murder or escape. The island is a postcard-perfect image of a summer camp: the cluster of painted white and red-blue wooden farm buildings that greet you when you step off the boat, some with an “AUF” sign hanging lopsided over the door, impart such a strong college fraternity feel that one immediately senses what fun times would have been had in this place, before all hell broke loose. They make it all the more frightful to imagine how Breivik set about his task safe in the knowledge that the bomb he had earlier set off in the government quarter of downtown Oslo would give him an hour or so without interruption for his killing spree. Pederson tells me how he was in the farm buildings when the shooting
began – which by my reckoning can’t have been more than 30 yards away from him at that point – and later escaped by boat. He recounts the confusion and panic as people scrabbled to make sense of the day. At the time he feared a coup, targeted against the government and its representatives; he felt he couldn’t trust even those police officers who were guarding them later that evening. “It was impossible to know what was happening,” he says. “It was difficult to understand how it was going to end.” But were those killed on 22nd July victims of a crazed “lone wolf”, as Janne Kristiansen, head of Norway’s PST security services, labelled Breivik, going on to claim that “not even the Stasi could have stopped him”? Or were they lost to something larger? Something darker that beats in Scandinavia, the heartland of social democracy.
The rise of the far right It is a question whose answers cannot be found on Utøya alone. Right-wing extremism of the sort that Breivik unleashed is on the rise across Europe. But it is most usually associated with other parts of the continent, where history recalls the extremisms of an earlier time: neo-Nazism has grown more vocal once again in Austria and Germany, while in Hungary, black-booted vigilantes of the Jobbik party terrify the Roma with threats of lynching and summary violence. Yet the truth is that Scandinavia has not been free from the taint of Europe’s resurgent extremism either, and its appearance here is all the more shocking for the fact that these nations have been, for the last
“Pederson recounts the confusion and panic as people scrabbled to make sense of the day. At the time he feared a coup”
Enemy of the stoat On a visit to New Zealand’s stoat Killing Fields Chris Bourn investigates the country’s schizophrenic attitude towards wildlife Mon29th
O
n 29th August New Zealand waved goodbye to its favourite ever foreigner. Not a visiting rugby player or a Hollywood Hobbit, but an incompetent penguin. For ten weeks a once magnificently stoic nation had gone all Morgan Freeman for “Happy Feet”, a bedraggled emperor penguin found plodding around Peka Peka Beach on the North Island’s Kapiti Coast. The bird was exhausted and malnourished, having swum some 3,000 kilometres wide of its Antarctic home and eaten a bellyful of sand, mistaking it for snow. The idiot. Travelling the North Island in August to see some of New Zealand’s rare indigenous wildlife, I was invited to Wellington Zoo to meet Mr Feet, adopted national hero. It was three days before he was due to hop on a boat back to Antarctica, and an audience with him was by now something of an honour. Here was a penguin that had been given better medical care than many New Zealanders have access to, in the zoo’s dedicated bird hospital; whose daily fish consumption was being closely monitored by the national press; whose story had even prompted a Facebook campaign, backed by an MP, to appoint him as a last-minute ambassador for the Rugby World Cup – despite being only partially black.
Inside the zoo, a harried-looking PR person conducted me to a section of the bird-hospital complex away from public view. The metal door to Happy Feet’s ice-pen swung open, ‘X Factor’-style… He was… a bird. He didn’t even seem that happy. With the onset of the southern spring, Wellington was becoming uncomfortably warm for him, and he was sprawled on his tummy, trying to get as much ice-on-feather contact as he could. Most undignified. As I tried to formulate the appropriate diplomatic greeting, a pair of vets bundled past to give him a hose-down, and I was ushered away. “Happy Feet came to our shores, not feeling so great – we welcomed him with open arms,” was how the Facebook campaign had it. “He’s a clean, green symbol of New Zealand and our people, our welcoming and friendly nature and our all-embracing hospitality.” Except the rest of my tour told a very different story. You might get the full red-carpet treatment if you’re a metre-high penguin, but if you’re one of any number of non-waddling, non-native species to have pitched up on these islands in the past 200 years – a possum, rat, stoat, ferret, deer, wallaby or feral cat – and if you break cover, you’ll be shown no mercy. In its forests and islands, farmlands and fjords, New Zealand is waging total war against furry aliens. And I was there, embedded with frontline patrols, to witness it.
“You might get the full redcarpet treatment if you’re a metre-high penguin, but but New Zealand is waging total war against furry aliens”
The battle for the islands Kapiti Island lies 5.2km off the North Island’s lower west coast, directly opposite the spot where Happy Feet’s rescuers picked up their penguin – and it’s an island under siege. The whole outcrop is an asylum for indigenous birdlife – a rangy natural aviary that was wiped clean of rats, mice and possums in the ’80s and ’90s. It is now rigorously managed by the Department of Conservation (DoC) in partnership with the island’s tiny Maori community, and is home to some of New Zealand’s rarest endemic birds: takahe – purple-plumaged mega-coots, of which only around 200 exist in the world; saddlebacks – a thrush-like wattlebird with a crimson handlebar moustache, which only narrowly escaped extinction in the 1960s; and a thriving population of around 1,200 little spotted kiwi, a variety of the national mascot that has been extinct for over a century on the mainland. Before I am permitted to disembark on Kapiti’s pebbled shore, I have to undergo two thorough bag and pocket searches for crafty rodent stowaways. Tough biosecurity checks are always in place here, but on my visit it’s likely they are tighter than usual – because since December 2010 three stoats have been discovered dead in traps in this supposedly predator-free habitat. As a result, the New Zealand media are currently on high stoatwatch alert and the island is in lockdown. The DoC is wary of exciting further alarm, but on the quiet is convinced there are more invaders hidden out here somewhere, in the 20 square kilometres of rolling scrub.
Thu 1st
The remains of infamous Australian bushranger Ned Kelly are found in the former HM Prison Pentridge in Melbourne, Victoria. A DNA sample from Kelly’s sister’s great grandson, Leigh Oliver, confirm the remains are those of Kelly.
“We are not women and we are going to keep on fighting” Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi vows to “let Libya burn” and defies calls from world leaders for him to step down as he speaks from his hideout, believed to be in southern Libya. Fri 2nd
Taliban militants kidnap 30 Pakistani children as they picnic near the Afghan border, local Pakistani officials report. Haiti plays the US Virgin Islands in a World Cup qualification match. g’All to play for’ A court in Cologne hears that a German art forger scammed collectors into spending an
estimated £14 million on bogus paintings. Wolfgang Beltracchi
used old wood with fake wormwood holes and special painting techniques to make collectors believe they were purchasing ancient masterpieces. Sat 3rd
A Chilean plane crashes off the coast of the Juan Fernandez islands in the South Pacific, killing 21 people. The plane, which was struck by heavy winds and rain, was carrying a group of businessmen, aid workers and journalists, including Chilean TV presenter Felipe Camiroaga. Thousands of protesters clash with security forces in the cities of
Tabriz and Orumieh in north-west Iran. The protestors had gathered to demonstrate against the government’s failure to protect Lake Orumieh, which is at risk of drying out in the next few years.
All to play for: can the World Cup save Haiti? Fri 2nd On 2nd September, the Haiti national football team began their 2014 World Cup qualification campaign 18 months after an earthquake destroyed much of their country’s capital city. James Montague discovers a nation and its president desperate for a rare piece of good news
I
t was inevitable that the heavens would open and rain on Haiti’s parade. Dark clouds had swirled, rumbled and flashed portentously around Port-auPrince, its shattered capital, for three days without delivering the promised rain to take the sting out of the brutal summer heat. But it arrives, two hours before kick-off, as 10,000 Haitians try to crush through the one door into the Sylvio Cator stadium. A police blockade had been thrown around the stadium, such was the fear that Haiti’s fragile civil truce would be blown apart by the Haitian national team’s first qualifying match for the 2014 World Cup against the minnows from the US Virgin Islands. The stadium itself had become a slum for hundreds of families, just one of the hellish tented cities built on any scrap of open space left by the
earthquake that devastated Port-auPrince in January 2010. The families had now been moved on, their presence erased with a lick of paint and a new artificial pitch laid a few days before, with a rumoured pay-off from the government as compensation. They joined the swollen numbers in the torn ribbon of blue tents that surround the stadium on all sides. Inside the stadium, Creole rap music is being played at ear-splitting level. The smell is of fresh paint, burning refuse and excrement from the open sewers nearby. The crowd pushes forward in the hope of getting in; the police use shields and clubs to beat them back. It’s chaos, but such is the passion for football in Haiti, that a match pitting Les Grenadiers against a tiny team like the US Virgin Islands brings the country to a standstill.
“This is the country’s first home game since as many as 300,000 people were killed by a massive 7.0 magnitude earthquake”
Ramon Espinosa/AP/Press Association Images
Sep
Sep Sat 10th
Emergency plans to vaccinate the Queen’s swans are announced by royal officials in the UK after a lethal outbreak of avian disease. Officials say they plan to provide the birds with flu jabs after 115 swan deaths were reported in the area surrounding Windsor Castle.
The butterfly effect Tue 13th
How a World War I munitions crisis helped lead to a potential solution to climate change...
Words: Rob Orchard. Illustration: Christian Tate
l 1915
Britain is blockaded by German submarines and cannot import sufficient supplies of acetone to create the cordite for the high explosives it needs for the war effort. At the request of Minister of Munitions David Lloyd George, Chaim Weizmann, a Russian-born chemist and the leading spokesman for Zionism in Britain, creates a process for artificially producing acetone from maize starch. It is used to create a steady supply of acetone at six former whisky factories requisitioned by the Admiralty. British production of high explosives grows exponentially: Lloyd George is highly grateful to Weizmann.
Sun 11th
A Facebook campaign is launched by homosexual Iranians to highlight the government’s discrimination against gay and lesbian people in the country. Hundreds of Iranians join the “We are everywhere” Facebook page which asks members to share their stories online, showing defiance against the regime that punishes homosexuality with death.
Sources: ‘The Atlantic’ by Simon Winchester; Yeda Research and Development Company; Weizmann Institute of Science; Greenearth Energy; The Guardian; The Royal Society of Chemistry; BBC Radio 4; www. h2g2.com.
At New York Fashion Week a
catwalk show by the daughter of Uzbek’s president Islam Karimov is cancelled. Organisers of the event
came under pressure to ban Gulnara Karimova’s label Guli after protests from human rights groups who accuse the Uzbek dictator of using torture.
After protests outside the building turn violent, staff are airlifted from the Israeli embassy in the Egyptian capital, Cairo. The anti-Israeli attackers, angry over the killing of five Egyptian soldiers by Israeli forces in August, break down the exterior security wall, forcing 86 staff and family members to flee. Mon12th
6th Dec 1916 David Lloyd George becomes Prime Minister.
m
At least 75 people are killed after
a fire breaks out in a densely populated Kenyan slum. The blaze,
caused by an explosion in an oil pipeline after a man threw away a cigarette butt, leaves 112 people injured in the Sinai district. British actor David Walliams completes a 140-mile swim along the River Thames. The 40-yearold raised over £1 million for charity during his eight-day marathon, which he completed despite suffering from sickness described as “Thames tummy”.
g
1917
Maize supplies run short and Weizmann adapts his process to use conkers. The schoolchildren of Britain collect millions of conkers for the war effort, which are sent to be processed into acetone.
f 30th Jun 2011
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Greenearth Energy, an Australian renewable energy company, signs an exclusive worldwide research and licence agreement with the Weizmann Institute’s commercial arm, Yeda, to use and develop their CO2-to-fuel technology.
h 2nd Nov 1917
After negotiations with Weizmann, and encouragement from Lloyd George, Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour sends a declaration to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland favouring “the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people”.
f 24th Jul, 1922
The Mandate for Palestine, formalised at the League of Nations, states that the British should put the Balfour Declaration into effect. After the Mandate, Weizmann spends the rest of the 1920s and 1930s promoting the cause of Israel and fundraising with luminaries including Albert Einstein.
Medinat Yisrael
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17th Feb 1949
Chaim Weizmann becomes Israel’s first president. In April he visits the US raising $23 million for Israel and the Daniel Sieff Research Institute, which he had founded in Rehovot in 1934. It is renamed the Weizmann Institute of Science in his honour.
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WEIZMANN INSTITUTE
j 13th Sep 2011
Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard introduces a package of 18 bills which will force 500 companies with big CO2 emissions to start paying a carbon tax as of July 2012: an emissions trading scheme will then begin as of 2015. The bills go on to be passed, giving a gigantic boost to the prospects of Greenearth Energy’s CO2-to-fuel ambitions to turn greenhouse gases into the fuel of the future.
PR
The Weizmann Institute becomes a major international research centre. Among countless other inventions, its scientists and technicians create Israel’s first computer, the WEIZAC; Copaxone, a drug for treating MS; and sniff-controlled wheelchairs for patients with ‘locked in’ syndrome. In 2005 a Weizmann Institute team demonstrates a way to use concentrated solar power to break CO2 into carbon monoxide and oxygen and water into hydrogen and oxygen. The mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, known as ‘Syngas’ can then be used as a fuel.
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1949-2005
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Weizmann meets with President Truman of the United States to discuss the importance of creating a Jewish state. The State of Israel is proclaimed on 14th May – 11 minutes after the declaration, the new state is recognised by the US.
the english riots imran khan on pakistan after bin laden rock 'n' roll vs the iron curtain saddam hussein, cinephile lucian freud by sue tilley, benefits supervisor how to leave a currency union Every news story that mattered And a huge amount more
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