Counter-IED Report Autumn 2023 - preview edition

ISSN2050-6732(Print)

ISSN2050-6740(Online)

C-IEDSTRATEGICPRINCIPLESFOREASTAFRICA TERRORISM–IMPACTONINDIA

IEDATTACKINISTANBULANDTERRORISTGROUPSOPERATINGINTHECITY

DANGERUNDERGROUND

UNDERSTANDINGANDMAXIMIZINGC-IEDINFORMATIONSHARING

“TARGETINGTHEUNKNOWN”:HUMANNETWORKCHARACTERIZATION ANDTARGETANALYSISMETHODOLOGIESFORANEWCENTURY

DETECTIONANDNEUTRALISATIONTECHNIQUESANDTECHNOLOGIES AGAINSTEXPLOSIVELADENDRONES

WARFAREREVOLUTIONINUKRAINE:THECHALLENGEFROM FIRSTPERSONVIEWDRONES

REPORTCONTRIBUTORS MEDIAPARTNERS

Theopinionsandviewsexpressedintheeditorialcontentinthisreportare thoseoftheauthorsaloneanddonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsofany organisationwithwhichtheymaybeassociated.Materialinadvertisements andpromotionalfeaturesmaybeconsideredtorepresenttheviewsofthe advertisersandpromoters.Theviewsandopinionsexpressedinthisreport donotnecessarilyexpresstheviewsofthepublisher.Whileeverycarehas beentakeninthepreparationofthereport,thepublisherisnotresponsible forsuchopinionsandviewsorforanyinaccuraciesinthearticles.

©2023.Theentirecontentsofthispublicationareprotectedbycopyright. Fulldetailsareavailablefromthepublisher.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthis publicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedin anyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanicalphotocopying,recording orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofthecopyrightowner.

CONTENTS

IFCNATOEODDEMONSTRATIONSANDTRIALS2023

9FOREWORD

ByRobHyde-Bales,ConsultingEditor, Counter-IEDReport

11TELEDYNEICM

13SAFEPROGROUPINC.

133DX-RAYLTD

14EOD/IEDD&COUNTERMINESYMPOSIUM2023

15C-IEDSTRATEGICPRINCIPLESFOREASTAFRICA

ByPaulAmoroso,anexplosivehazardsspecialist atAssessedMitigationOptions(AMO)consultancy

22MILIPOLPARIS2023

23TERRORISM–IMPACTONINDIA

ByColonelHRNaiduGade-IndianArmyVeteran

CONTENTS

31IEDATTACKINISTANBULANDTERRORISTGROUPS

OPERATINGINTHECITY

ByChiefSuperintendent(ret.)MichaelCardash,Terrogence-Global

45DANGERUNDERGROUND

ByTonyKingham,journalistandPRconsultant

48UNDERSTANDINGANDMAXIMIZING C-IEDINFORMATIONSHARING

ByPaulAmoroso,anexplosivehazardsspecialist atAssessedMitigationOptions(AMO)consultancy

56“TARGETINGTHEUNKNOWN”:

HUMANNETWORKCHARACTERIZATIONANDTARGET ANALYSISMETHODOLOGIESFORANEWCENTURY

ByLieutenantColonelJoseMRufas,ChiefofAttacktheNetworksBranch, C-IEDCentreofExcellence

64DETECTIONANDNEUTRALISATIONTECHNIQUES

ANDTECHNOLOGIESAGAINSTEXPLOSIVELADENDRONES

BySerkanKoc,Major(OF-3)TUR-A,ElectronicWarfareSpecialist, NATOC-IEDCoE

75WARFAREREVOLUTIONINUKRAINE:

THECHALLENGEFROMFIRSTPERSONVIEWDRONES

ByLieutenantColonelJoseMRufas,ChiefofAttacktheNetworksBranch, C-IEDCentreofExcellence

83EDEX2023

OBCSCANNAMSC

Optimum Detection

Your quest is our mission Advance technology

and highly versatile

Garrett’s AML (All Metals Locator) detector is trusted in many countries for mines, UXO, and IED searches. Low metal content targets to large metallic items are detected in ALL soils and shallow water with full detection capability.

FOREWORD

ByRobHyde-Bales,ConsultingEditor,Counter-IEDReport

ThisForewordisbeingwrittenon11September 2023,thetwentysecondanniversaryofthe terroristattacksintheUnitedStatesofAmericawhen 2977innocentpeopleofnumerousfaithsand nationalitiesweremurderedbyAlQaedaunderthe leadershipofSaudibornOsamaBinLaden.The attacksusinghijackedaircrafttostriketheTwin TowersinNewYorkandthePentagonchangedthe worldforever.Theytriggeredmajorwarsin AfghanistanandIraqandtodateIslamistjihadism isstillpromotingterroraroundtheglobe–muchof thatengenderedbytheImprovisedExplosive Device–IED.

2023hasseenthecontinuationofthewarin UkrainewhichbeganinFebruary2022when PresidentPutinofRussiaorderedtheinvasionof UkrainebyRussianarmedforces.Sincethen,the warhastakenadeadlytollinmilitarydeathsand injuriesonbothsidesoftheconfict,andinthecase ofUkraine,inhugenumbersofciviliandeathsand injuriesandwidespreaddamageanddestructionto buildingsandinfrastructurethroughoutthecountry. Thefghtinghasputatriskthenuclearpowerstation atZaporizhzhiainsouthernUkraine–oneofthe largestnuclearpowerplantsintheworld.Ukraine hasbenefttedfromthesupplyofmodernweapons andtechnologyfromtheWestwhichhasallowedthe

Ukrainianarmedforcesmoresuccessthanotherwise wouldlikelyhavebeenthecase.Sadly,however, peaceinthiswarstillseemsadistantaspirationfor bothUkraineanditsbackers.Thewidespreaduseof IEDsandlandminesintheconfictmeansthatlarge partsofthecountryarecontaminatedbyExplosive RemnantsofWar(ERW).Ofnotetheuseof landmines–bothanti-tank(ATk)andanti-personnel (AP)hascausedseriousproblemstotheforcesof bothRussiaandUkraine.InRussiandefensivelines itiscalculatedthattherearesome1500landmines persquarekilometre.Russiahasmadeextensive useoflandminesinitssubstantialdefensivelinesin theeastandsouthofthecountry.Thesemines–both ATkandAP–havecausedsevereproblemstothe Ukrainianarmedforcesastheyseektoliberate occupiedterritoryand,inthecaseofthesouthern partofthecountry,toadvancetotheSeaofAzovvia Zaporizhzhia.SincetheendofAugust,theyhave madebetterprogressthanbeforeandhavereached theso-calledSurovikinDefensiveLineinwhich Russiahasinvestedmuchtimeandeffort.Mine clearancebytheUkrainianshasbeenslowattimes astheyhavehadtoresorttohandclearance techniqueswith4orfveengineersleadingthe infantry,handclearingminesastheyadvance. Recentlythearrivalofmodernwesternequipmentin

theformofmechanicalmineclearanceequipment, clustermunitions,anddroneshasslowlydegraded Russiandefencesandcommandandcontrolcentres, aircraftonthegroundandlogisticshubs.Ukrainewill wishtomakegoodprogressintheiradvancebearing inmindtheonsetof Rasputitsa -theRussian languagetermfortheAutumnmudseasonwhich makesanytraveloffpavedroadsverydiffcultand tendstofavourthedefenceratherthantheattackin suchconditions.

ElsewheretheIEDcontinuestobethefavoured weaponinthearsenalsofterroristsandjihadists aroundtheglobe.Sub-SaharanandWestAfricaare particularlyunstableatpresentwithrecentcoupsin Gabon,Niger,Mali,ChadandBurkinaFaso.Inall ofthesecountriesjihadistsexertdifferingdegrees ofinfluence.Afghanistanhasprovidedtraining facilitiesforthejihadists.SomaliainEastAfrica suffersparticularlyinthisrespectasthe governmentstrugglestocombatAl-Shabaab–meaning“youth”inArabic.TheIslamistterrorist grouphavebeenatwarwiththegovernmentfor some15yearsanditisassessedthatAl-Shabaab collectsmoreinrevenuesthanthein-place government 1.Nigeria,YemenandPakistanand othersalsocontinuetobeplaguedbythecontinued useofIEDsbyterrorists.

InBosniaandHerzegovina,1stSeptember2023 wasahistoricdayasthecountrywasfnallyableto declareitselffreefromclustermunitions2.Thedirector oftheCenterforDeminingSašaObradovićstatedthat thecontaminationofBosniaandHerzegovinawith clustermunitionsoccurredduringthelastwarand amountedto14.61squarekilometersin140locations throughoutourcountry. "’ Steelrain’,ascluster munitionsareoftencalledduetotheirextensiveand devastatingeffects,claimed195humanlivesinBosnia andHerzegovina” -MrObradovićsaid.Norwegian People’sAidhasclearedclusterbombsinthecountry for12yearsandcarriedoutalmost90percentofthe clean-upoperations.

ChiefSuperintendent(Retd)MichaelCardashof TerrogenceGlobalprovidesadetailedanalysisofa terroristIEDattackinIstanbulon13November2022, togetherwithdetailsofotherterroristelements operatinginthecity.InvestigationsbytheTurkish authoritiesestablishedthattheIEDattackwas carriedoutbyafemaleSyrianterrorist,AhlamAlBashir,whowasarrestedsome12hoursafterthe attackandduringherinterrogationconfessedto havingbeentrainedbytheKurdsinSyria.According totheTurkishauthoritiesshehadenteredTurkeyfrom NorthernSyria.DetailedCCTVcoverageontheday oftheIEDattackshowsawomancarryingabag sittingdownonabenchinabusypedestrian shoppingareainfrontofaMangostore.Shortly afterwardsthewomanstandsupandmovesaway fromthebenchleavingabagandrucksackbythe bench.Theexplosiontookplace2-3minutesafter herdepartureandinotherCCTVfootageshe canbeseenrunningawayfromthescene.Theblast killed6peopleincluding2childrenandinjured 81others.ItisassessedthattheIEDwasinitiated remotelyusingamobilephone-basedR-Csystem. InFebruarytheTurkishauthoritiesannouncedthat thePKKmastermindoftheattackhadbeenkilled duringanoperationbyTurkishIntelligenceServices innorthernSyria.InAprilthisyeartheTurkishMinistry oftheInteriorannouncedasuccessfuloperationin IstanbulagainstTKP/MLmilitantsduringwhichtwo suspectswereapprehendedtogetherwithaquantity ofIEDexplosiveingredients.Thenumberofterrorist organisationsoperatinginIstanbulprovidesa continuingchallengetotheTurkishauthorities.

InhisarticleTonyKingham,journalistandPR consultant,examinesthethreatposedtometro systemsaroundtheglobeandhepointsoutwhy thesesystemsoffersuchanattractivetargetto terroristsusingIEDs.TheUKhasverybitter experienceinthisrespect.On7July2005four Islamistextremistterroristsdetonatedthreesuicide bombsontheLondonUndergroundsystemand

1Somaliaconfict:Al-Shabaab'collectsmorerevenuethangovernment'(BBCNews)- https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-54690561 2 https://sarajevotimes.com/the-completion-of-the-process-of-cleaning-bih-from-cluster-munitions-was-solemnly-marked/

ononeLondonbus.56peoplewerekilledinthe attacksand784injured.Inatunnelsuchasa metrosystemtheeffectofanIEDdetonationis magnifedexponentially.Theenclosedspacealso makesanyrescuebidsfortheinjuredvery diffcultindeed.Theauthorpointsoutthatnew technologiesofferhopeinthebattleagainst Islamistterrorism.LondonhasthemostCCTV camerasofanycityintheworld.Behavioural analysissoftware,especiallyfacial recognitionsoftwarehasgreat potentialinidentifyingknown potentialthreatsfromwatchlists. Othertechnologiesinthisrespect includepassiveterahertzwave technology,AIdrivenULF electromagneticfeldsandadvanced sensorsandfnallyfatpanelx-ray detectors.Acombinationofaccurate andactionableintelligencein supportofexistingandemerging technologiesisrequiredtominimise thethreatofjihadistandother terrorism.

PaulAmorosoofAssessed MitigationOptionsconsultancy providesanarticleentitled UnderstandingandMaximizing C-IEDInformationSharing.The articleispartofaseriesthat examinesstrategicandregional approachestoC-IED.Theseriesis basedonresearchbytheauthor whichexploredandidentifedC-IED strategicprinciplesforEastAfrica. Thearticleoutlineswhatismeantby obtainingtheunderstandingofthe IEDthreatandhowthedevelopment andsustainmentofanaccurateIED threatpicturecansupportthis.Italso examinesthecriticalityofinformation exchangetosupportsuccessful C-IED.Itusestheexamplesof twoorganisationsinthisarena–

theWorldCustomsOrganisation(WCO)and INTERPOL.Thearticleexaminestheimportanceof understandinginsupportofacoherentC-IED Enterpriseandtheneedtocomprehend,interalia, whyandhowIEDsareused,theuseofappropriate terminology,whatanationalC-IEDenterpriseentails, themaintenanceofanaccurateIEDthreatpicture, theroleofexploitation,timelyinformationsharingand fnallytheappropriateclassifcationofC-IED

REAL-TIME X-RAY INSPECTION

GO-SCAN C-VIEW

→ Up and running in less than 90 seconds

→ Lightweight (less than 6.5 kg/14 lbs)

→ Wireless or cable driven

→ High quality imaging

→ Radiation shielding

→ Telescopic arm (up to 65 cm/26 in)

www.teledyneicm.com

THE PARTNER TO YOUR SECURITY INSPECTION

information.HeexaminesthechallengesofC-IED informationsharing,andpotentialsupportforan informationsharingcultureamongC-IED stakeholders.Finally,heexplainstheimportant roleofWCOsupportfordataexchangeandthe organisationandroleofINTERPOLinthisrespect. Alltheabovearecriticaltoeffectiveunderstanding andconsequentdecisionmakinginC-IED, underpinnedbytimelyandaccurateinformation sharing.

Inadetailed,informativeandtechnicalarticle MajorSerkanKocoftheTurkishArmyexaminesthe ever-advancingUnmannedAerialVehicle(UAV)/drone technology,itsusebythreatnetworksandalso themilitaryandfnallyexistingandemerging countermeasuresagainstthisubiquitousthreat.He beginswithacomparisonofvariousUAVsby wingorrotortypeillustratingpros,consandtypical usage.Inmilitaryapplicationtheyareusedinboth thesurveillanceandattackmodes.Heprovides technicaldetailsoffxedwingandrotorpowered UAVsmadeinabroadcrosssectionofnationsTurkey,theUnitedStates,IsraelandChinatoinclude origin,weapontypes,payloadsandendurance.He quotestheexampleofDAESHoperationsinSyria andIraqwheretheterroristsusedronesfor intelligencesurveillance,propagandaandweaponised forstrikepurposes.Heexaminesdronetypesasa terroristweaponofchoice.Forthreatnetworksrotor powereddronestendtobeusedmoreforsurveillance purposesratherthanexplosiveattackdueto limitedpayloadsandshorterdurationtimes.Fixed wingdronesarebettersuitedfortheattackmode. HouthiforceshavebeensuppliedbyIranwithfxed wingattackdrones.Themilitarytodaymake widespreaduseofdronesbothinthesurveillanceand attackmodes. BothRussiaandUkraineareusing attackfxedwingUAVsextensivelyintheUkraine War.TheauthordescribesvariousC-UASdetection methods–radar,RF,EO,IRandacoustic.Finally,he outlinesneutralisingmethods–jamming,spoofng andphysical.Twoemergingneutralisingtechniques arehighpowerelectromagnetic/microwaveandhigh energylaserandofferpromiseforthefuture.■

RobHyde-Balesbiography

DuringhiscareerintheUKRoyal Engineers, RobHyde-Bales was responsibleforlandmineclearancein Libyaand,morelatterly,Afghanistan intherunningofthefrstUnited Nationshumanitarianlandmine clearancetrainingprogramme–OperationSalam.Theprogramme trainedAfghanmalerefugeesinlandmineclearance techniques,andAfghanwomenandchildreninmine awarenessandavoidancetraining.Morerecentlyheset uptheCaribbeanSearchCentreinKingston,Jamaica. TheCentreisdesignedtotrainsecurityforcesacross theCaribbeaninmodernsearchtechniques.After retiringfromthearmyhejoinedCranfeldUniversityat Shrivenham,nearOxford,andundertookaresearch projectonbehalfoftheUKMinistryofDefencethat examinedwaystoimprovethesharingofIEDthreat informationbetweenthemilitaryandcivilian organisationsinhazardousareas.

X-raysystemsdesigned andbuilt forBombTechs

DualDRandCRX-rayImagersinOneX-raysystem

- Extendingyourx-raycapabilityacrossmultiplemissions.

SCANSILC-LightweightRuggedisedDRX-rayDetectors

•Remotecontrolof yourx-raysourcewithoutreapproachusinganysizedScansilcDRx-raypanel.

•Scansilcreducestimeontarget-Minimalcomponentsandsetup-getthejobdonequicklyande ciently.

•Reliablewhenitcounts-Rugged,Resilient,Dust,DirtandWaterResistantinallconditions.

SCANXSCOUT-CRX-rayImagePlates

•Flexibleplates–Truegroundlevelimaging.Slideplatesintotightareas andwraparoundobjects.

•Fastgrabandgo-nocablesorwi-fitoconnect-sonodropouts.

•Combinemultipleplatesingrid formattox-raylargetargets.

To receive a full PDF version of the Counter-IED Report, please complete the online form.

Please provide a valid corporate, government or academic email address. We reserve the right to reject any application for a subscription at our discretion.

If you have any questions please email to: editorial@deltabusinessmedia.com