Counter-IEDReport
HUMANITARIANDEMINING-ANINSIGHT
ADVANTAGESANDCHALLENGESOFDEPLOYINGK9TEAMS FORTHEDETECTIONOFIEDs
ISPLOTINCORPORATINGTHREESIMULTANEOUS PBIEDATTACKSTHWARTED,BEIRUT,LEBANON
AMULETRANGE
MAGNIFICATIONCOMPARISON:CONSTANTPOTENTIALVSPULSEDGENERATOR
GOINGPOSTAL–WHENTERRORISTSUSEMAILSYSTEMSTOTARGETORGANISATIONS
FLYINGALONE:TACTICALEVOLUTIONOFEXPLOSIVE-LADENDRONES INTHEUKRAINIANCONFLICT
RECENTMEXICANCARTELDRONEBOMBARDMENTATTACKTTPs
USEOFIMPROVISEDLAND(ANTI-VEHICLE)MINESINMEXICANCRIMEWARS
ISSN2050-6732(Print) ISSN2050-6740(Online)
Autumn2022
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3counteriedreport.com REPORTCONTRIBUTORS MEDIAPARTNERS Counter-IEDReport PublishedbyDeltaBusinessMediaLimited 3rdfoor,207RegentStreet London,W1B3HH UnitedKingdom Tel:+44(0)2071932303 info@deltabusinessmedia.com www.counteriedreport.com ISSN2050-6732(Print) ISSN2050-6740(Online)
ByRobHyde-Bales,ConsultingEditor,Counter-IEDReport
ByColonelHRNaiduGade–IndianArmyVeteran
FORTHEDETECTIONOFIEDs
ByKenanMuftic,K9professional
CONTENTS IFC TELEDYNEFLIR 5ICORTECHNOLOGY 7GARRETTMETALDETECTORS 9AUNAV 10FOREWORD
11 TELEDYNEICM 13 NOVODIGITALRADIOGRAPHY 14SAFEPROGROUPINC. 15HUMANITARIANDEMINING-ANINSIGHT
23ADVANTAGESANDCHALLENGESOFDEPLOYINGK9TEAMS
4 COUNTER-IEDREPORT,Autumn2022 CONTENTS
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AssessedbyChiefSuperintendent(ret.)MichaelCardash
ADVANCINGGPRFORSTANDOFFMINEDETECTION
WITHCHELTON’s AMULETRANGE
ByDanielGoodliffe,BusinessUnitManagerandNeilTisdale, ChiefEngineer,LandSystems,CheltonLimited
VSPULSEDGENERATOR
ByMarcJansen,TeledyneICM
TOTARGETORGANISATIONS
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43TAKINGTHESOLDIEROUTOFTHEDANGERZONE
52IDEX2023 53MAGNIFICATIONCOMPARISON:CONSTANTPOTENTIAL
60GOINGPOSTAL–WHENTERRORISTSUSEMAILSYSTEMS
6 COUNTER-IEDREPORT,Autumn2022 CONTENTS CONTENTS
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THE USA
63FLYINGALONE:TACTICALEVOLUTIONOFEXPLOSIVE–LADENDRONES
INTHEUKRAINIANCONFLICT
ByLieutenantColonelJoseMRufas,ChiefofAttacktheNetworksBranch, C-IEDCentreofExcellence
71RECENTMEXICANCARTELDRONEBOMBARDMENTATTACKTTPs: POLICÍACOMMUNITARIADETEPALACATEPEC/CÁRTELESUNIDOS(CU) VS.CÁRTELDEJALISCONUEVAGENERACIÓN(CJNG)
ByDavidA.KuhnandRobertJ.Bunker,C/OFutures
INMEXICANCRIMEWARS
ByRobertJ.Bunker,DavidA.Kuhn,andJohnP.Sullivan
C/OFutures,LLCandSmallWarsJournal-ElCentro
80DSEIJAPAN2023 81USEOFIMPROVISEDLAND(ANTI-VEHICLE)MINES
91IDEF2023 OBCSCANNAMSCLTD 8 COUNTER-IEDREPORT,Autumn2022 CONTENTS CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ByRobHyde-Bales,ConsultingEditor,Counter-IEDReport
2022hasbeendominatedbytheongoingconfictin Ukraine,whichiscontinuingtoexertaheavytoll ontheUkrainianandRussiantroops,civilianlivesand infrastructure.Acombinationofstiffresistanceand, thankstotheWest,welltrainedandequippedwith modernWesternweaponryUkrainianforcesmeant thatUkrainewasableblunttheRussianadvancesand retakesometerritories.Sofar,offcialaidtoUkraine isestimatedat$85billioninmilitary,fnancialand humanitarianaid,anditisexpectedtoreceiveanother $50billionnextyear1 whichisaimedtoboostUkraine’s wareffortandturnthemilitarytideinUkraine’sfavour.
Accordingtopubliclyavailableinformation,itissafe toconcludethatbothsidesareusinglandmines includingoldSovietPFM-1anti-personnelmines, causingcasualtiesandsufferingamongcivilians. Deminingteamsinvolvedinclearingprocesson disputedandliberatedterritoriesaredoingagreatjob makingsuretheareasaresafeforpeopletoreturn.In August,USaloneannounced$89millionindemining assistancetoUkraine.
Inthepastmonthswesawasurgeincar bombingstargetingciviliansworkingwithpro-Russian GovernmentintheoccupiedUkrainianterritories–a fewbombingstookplacepriortoreferendumsinthe Donetsk,Luhansk,KhersonandZaporizhiaregions. Anothercarbombingallegedlyrelatedtotheongoing UkrainianconficttookplaceinAugustinMoscow killingaKremlin-friendlyjournalistDaryaDugina.
On30SeptemberPresidentPutinannouncedthe annexationofDonetsk,Luhansk,Khersonand
Zaporizhiaregions-some15%ofUkrainianterritoryechoingtheannexationofCrimeain2014.The InternationalCommunityhasrefusedtorecognisethe resultsofthesereferendums,andintheabsenceofa politicalsettlement,whichcurrentlydoesnotseem likelyinthenearterm,thisconfictseemssetto continueforaconsiderabletime.
On8Octoberatruckblastonthestrategicroadand-railbridgelinkingRussiaandtheCrimean peninsulabroughtdownsectionsofroadinone directionandkilledatleastthreepeople.Russiaclaims thatthetruckcargowhichwasshippedthroughseveral neighbouringcountriesfromtheUkrainiancityof Odesa,contained22,770kgofexplosivesdisguisedas rollswithplasticconstructionflm.
Ontheglobalsecurityfront,on31JulytheUnited StateslaunchedanarmeddroneattackontheKabul residenceofAymanal-Zawahiri,theEgyptianborn terroristandright-handmanofonetimeal-Qaeda leaderOsamabinLaden.Thedroneattackkilled al-Zawahiri,whowithbinLadenhadplannedthe9/11 terrorattacksintheUnitedStates.Thedeathof al-ZawahiriprovedthattheUSwillcontinuetohunt downhighprofleterrorists,regardlessofwherethey maybehiding.
InAfghanistan,recentmonthshaveseenaseriesof blastsatmosquesandcivilianareasincludingschools andeducationcentres.TheTalibanhaveemphasised thattheyaresecuringthenation,buttheseattacks provethesecurityenvironmentinAfghanistanhas alwaysbeendiffcult.
FOREWORD
1 https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/fnancing-ukraines-victory-why-and-how 10 COUNTER-IEDREPORT,Autumn2022
Notably,inSweden,therehavebeenover70 explosionsthisyear-thenumberhasincreasedin comparisonto2021.AccordingtoSwedishPolicethey arelinkedtocriminalgangs’violence.Thefrearms offenceshavealsoincreasedthisyear.
On1OctoberBurkinaFaso’sarmedforceshave announcedonstateTVthey’vecarriedoutanother coup.Thisistakingplaceagainstabackdropof an increasednumber ofjihadistIEDandgunattacks againstciviliansandmilitarypersonnelinrecentmonths.
Inhismostcomprehensiveand informativearticleColonelHRNaidu Gade,anIndianArmyVeteran, demonstratesthecontinuingcritical requirementforHumanitarianMine Action(HMA),alsoknownas HumanitarianDeminingforthe foreseeablefuture.Todaymorethan 60countriesarecontaminatedby abandonedmines(AMs),IEDsand otherExplosiveRemnantsofWar (ERW).Suchcontaminationwill remaininplacelongafteraconfict hasendedunlessmeaningfulHMAis undertaken,andthisisaninherently timeconsumingandcostlyprocess. TheaimofHumanitarianDeminingis toclearthelandofcontaminationin ordertoreturnitforregenerativeuse bythelocalpopulation.Itdiffersfrom militarydeminingasitshouldbe undertakeninabenignenvironment withtheaimoftotallandclearance anddoesnotacceptinjuriesto deminersasanoperationalreality. StrictsafetystandardsgovernHMAin theformofInternationalMineAction Standardswhichareproducedbythe GenevaInternationalCentrefor HumanitarianDeminingunderthe auspicesofUNMineActionServiceUNMAS.Numerousinternationallaws andtreatiesguideHMAincluding,
interalia,theOttawaAPMineBanTreatyof1997,the ConventiononClusterMunitionsof2008andthe ConventiononConventionalWeaponsof1980.The fvepillarsofHMAareClearance,MineRisk Education,VictimAssistance,AdvisoryandStockpile Destruction.HumanitarianDeminingmaybeeither manualormechanicalanditisclearthatitwillbe requiredwellintotheforeseeablefuture.
Intheirtechnologicallydetailedandinformative articleDanielGoodliffeandNeilTisdaleofChelton
FOREWORD 11counteriedreport.com
CONSTANT POTENTIAL* PULSED* LITEX 40-120 kV, small focal spot TACTX/XL 120µm/154µm, low dead-zone www.teledyneicm.com *Images taken using magnification x1.5
Limiteddescribehowtheyhavedesignedand producedGroundPenetratingRadar(GPR)sensors thatplayakeyroleinreducingtherisktoboththe militaryandhumanitarianpersonnelundertakingland mineandIEDclearanceoperations.Cheltonhasa proventrackrecordinthefeldofGPRsensorswhich canbefoundonVallonminedetectors,inusewith, interalia,theBritishArmedForces,theUSMarine CorpsandHALOTrust.Therapidlyevolvingnatureof thetechnicalaspectsofIEDsnecessitatessimilar evolvingtechnologyonthepartofIEDdetectionTTPs inordertotakethesoldierandhumanitariandeminer outofthedangerzone,whilstretainingthecapabilityto operateeffectively.GPRwasfrstusedduringthe FalklandsWarin1982bytheBritishArmedForces, havingbeenadaptedbyChelton’spredecessorERA Technology.DespitetheOttawaAPMineBanTreatyof 1997,minescontinuetocontaminatemorethan60 countriesaroundtheglobewheretheyposeagrave threattocivilianpopulationsandpreventmeaningful post-confictnationalrecoveryandregeneration. AbandonedIEDsalsoposeasimilarwidespread threat.GPRisageophysicallocatingsystemwhich usesradiowavesinthemicrowavebandtocapture imagesofobjectslocatedbelowthesurfaceofthe ground.Thistechnologyenablesademiner orIEDclearanceoperatortodetectsubsurface landminesandIEDsincluding,critically,thosewith low/nometalcontent.Cheltonhasleadingedge technologyindevelopingadvancesinEODusingGPR tosupportCounter-IEDandmineclearanceoperations bybothmilitaryandhumanitarianorganisations.The companyhasalsoapplieditsextensiveGPRexpertise tothenextgenerationofstandoffdetectionsystems whichtaketheoperatorsoutofharmswaybymounting GPRbaseddetectionsystemsontotacticalvehicles andalsoUnmannedAerialSystems.
Intheirtopicalandfollowuparticleontheincreasing useofweaponiseddronesbyMexicandrugcartelsand associatedcriminalorganisations,DrRobertJ.Bunker andDavidA.KuhnofC/OFuturesLLCexaminerecent DrugCartelDroneBombardmentAttackTTPs.The attackshaveevolvedfrompointdetonationto bombardmenttactics.Thearticleexaminestwo
newandinterlinkedincidentsthatdemonstratethe evolvingtechniquesusingarmeddrones.Thefrst incidenthighlightedaCJNGcartelcommandounitof fourvehiclesbeingattackedbyaweaponiseddronethat bombardedthevehicles.Theattackwastheresultofa turfwarbetweenthedrugcartelandtheTepalacatepec CommunityPolice–acartelassociatedunit.Video surveillancebyaseconddronewaspresentthroughout theattackinMay2022andwaspublishedonsocial media.ThesecondincidentalsoinMay2022involved thebombardmentofaCJNGcartelcommandpostby thesamecommunitypoliceusingaweaponiseddrone. Itisconsideredthatthecommunitypolicemisidentifed thecommandpostasasyntheticdruglaboratory.This attackwasalsopublishedonsocialmediathanksto videosurveillancebyaseconddrone.Bothattacks involvedanattackdroneandasecondsurveillance droneandweredeemedsuccessful.Continuing improvementsinthecapabilitiesofcommercially produceddronesfacilitateevolvingcartelattackTTPs. Lawenforcementagenciesshouldtakenoteofthese worryingdevelopmentsindrugrelatedturfwars. ■
RobHyde-Balesbiography
DuringhiscareerintheUKRoyal Engineers, RobHyde-Bales was responsibleforlandmineclearancein Libyaand,morelatterly,Afghanistan intherunningofthefrstUnited Nationshumanitarianlandmine clearancetrainingprogramme–OperationSalam.Theprogramme trainedAfghanmalerefugeesinlandmineclearance techniques,andAfghanwomenandchildreninmine awarenessandavoidancetraining.Morerecentlyheset uptheCaribbeanSearchCentreinKingston,Jamaica. TheCentreisdesignedtotrainsecurityforcesacross theCaribbeaninmodernsearchtechniques.After retiringfromthearmyhejoinedCranfeldUniversityat Shrivenham,nearOxford,andundertookaresearch projectonbehalfoftheUKMinistryofDefencethat examinedwaystoimprovethesharingofIEDthreat informationbetweenthemilitaryandcivilian organisationsinhazardousareas.
FOREWORD 12 COUNTER-IEDREPORT,Autumn2022
Ballistics,EOD/UXO, HumanitarianDemining
ServingtheneedsofGovernmentand MilitaryCustomersforOveraDecade
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14 COUNTER-IEDREPORT,Autumn2022
COUNTER-IEDREPORT Counter-IEDReporteditorialteaminvitesgovernmentbodies,armypersonnel,researchers,industryexperts tocontributetheirarticles,casestudies,whitepaperstothereport. Wearelookingfortheoreticalandpracticebasednon-promotionaleditorialcontributions.* Winter2022/23editiondeadlines: Abstractsubmission:11November2022 Fullarticlesubmissiondeadline:9December2022 Spring/Summer2023editiondeadlines: Abstractsubmission:28February2023 Fullarticlesubmissiondeadline:14April2023 Autumn2023editiondeadlines: Abstractsubmission:21July2023 Fullarticlesubmissiondeadline:11September2023 Abstractsandarticlesshouldbesubmittedbyemailto: editorial@deltabusinessmedia.com *Feesapplyforpublicationofarticlessubmittedbycommercialandfor-proftorganisations.Allarticlesaresubjecttoeditor’sapproval. Subscribeat: www.counteriedreport.com/subscribe +17864094030 info@safeprogroup.com www.safeprogroup.com
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