ISSN 2050-6732 (Print) ISSN 2050-6740 (Online)
Counter-IED Report Spring/Summer 2018
MACHINE LEARNING FOR BETTER TRACE EXPLOSIVE DETECTION ESCAPE FROM KABUL: TRENDS IN TECHNICAL EXPLOITATION COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH IN ACTION – ROCSAFE SAFETY IN ANY SITUATION ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF FIRST RESPONDERS IEDs: CHALLENGES FOR INDIAN POLICE FORCES SMALL LIGHTWEIGHT HAND-HELD INITIATION SYSTEM (HZG) ACCORDING TO MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS IMPROVISED, CRAFT-PRODUCED AND REPURPOSED MUNITIONS DEPLOYED FROM UAVs IN RECENT YEARS “FLYING IEDs” OR THE CHALLENGE OF FACING IMPROVISED ROCKETS
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REPORT CONTRIBUTORS
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ISSN 2050-6732 (Print) ISSN 2050-6740 (Online)
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IFC QINETIQ NORTH AMERICA 4 - 5 GARRETT METAL DETECTORS 7
ICOR TECHNOLOGY
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DSA DETECTION
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METROHM AG
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SCHONSTEDT INSTRUMENT COMPANY
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FOREWORD By Rob Hyde-Bales, Consulting Editor, Counter-IED Report
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HARRIS CORPORATION
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LOGOS IMAGING
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DYNITEC GMBH
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MACHINE LEARNING FOR BETTER TRACE EXPLOSIVE DETECTION By Kristy DeWitt, Program Manager, IARPA
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COUNTER-IED REPORT, Spring/Summer 2018
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
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ESCAPE FROM KABUL: TRENDS IN TECHNICAL EXPLOITATION By Lieutenant Colonel Jose M Rufas, Chief of Attack the Networks Branch, C-IED Centre of Excellence
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EUROSATORY 2018
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NATO EOD DEMONSTRATIONS & TRIALS 2018
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COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH IN ACTION – ROCSAFE By Lt Col Ray Lane, School Commandant, Ordnance School, Clarke Bks, DFTC, Curragh Camp and Peter Daly, WP2 leader for the EU Project ROCSAFE, Director of the Irish Centre for Emergency Management.
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MILIPOL QATAR 2018
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SAFETY IN ANY SITUATION ADDRESSING THE NEEDS OF FIRST RESPONDERS By Bryan Ray, Metrohm AG
45 IEDs: CHALLENGES FOR INDIAN POLICE FORCES By Colonel HR Naidu Gade – Indian Army Veteran 8
COUNTER-IED REPORT, Spring/Summer 2018
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
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SMALL LIGHTWEIGHT HAND-HELD INITIATION SYSTEM (HZG) ACCORDING TO MILITARY SPECIFICATIONS By DynITEC GmbH
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IDEF 2019
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IMPROVISED, CRAFT-PRODUCED AND REPURPOSED MUNITIONS DEPLOYED FROM UAVs IN RECENT YEARS By Galen Wright and N.R. Jenzen-Jones, Armament Research Services (ARES)
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INTELLIGENCE-SEC EVENTS 2018-2019
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NCT ASIA PACIFIC 2018
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“FLYING IEDs” OR THE CHALLENGE OF FACING IMPROVISED ROCKETS By Lieutenant Colonel Jose M Rufas, Chief of Attack the Networks Branch, C-IED Centre of Excellence
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FOREWORD
FOREWORD By Rob Hyde-Bales, Consulting Editor, Counter-IED Report
T
he first four months of 2018 have been characterized by a growing lack of trust between NATO and Russia, continuing conflict in the Middle East and South Asia and an apparent easing of tensions on the Korean Peninsular. The recent decision of the United States to unilaterally withdraw from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action designed to limit the nuclear programme of Iran is likely to increase tensions in the Middle East and beyond. A main area of conflict continues to be Syria where the civil war has now been running for seven years. The war includes the external involvement of the USA, Russia, Iran, Europe, Turkey and other regional powers. In Afghanistan the continued indiscriminate use of IEDs across the country by the Taliban and ISIS prevents any kind of return to a semblance of normality. A recent report by the US highlights the parlous state of the Afghan defence and security forces and their continuing inability to effectively combat the insurgency. The UN states that in 2017 more than 10,000 civilians were killed or injured by conflict in Afghanistan – mainly by IEDs – suicide bombs and PPIEDs. Libya remains dysfunctional since the ousting of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011 by NATO air strikes. The main effect of the situation in Libya for the West has been the continuous tide of migrants across the Mediterranean into southern Europe. Relations between Russia and the West continued to deteriorate due to President Putin’s continuing support for Syria and also the incident in Salisbury in March when three people were severely injured by the toxic chemical identified as one of the Novichok type. There is better
news from the Korean Peninsular where there does at last seem to be hope for a rapprochement between North and South Korea. Earlier this year the North Korean President visited South Korea and the US President and the North Korean leader are scheduled to hold a summit in Singapore on 12 June. Dr Kristy DeWitt of the US based Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity organisation examines the challenge posed by standoff detection of base chemicals on surfaces as a tool with significant potential for detecting IEDs if very low levels of explosives residue left on surfaces during IED production or emplacement can be accurately and reliably detected. The article concentrates on standoff detection approaches with both active and passive solar illumination that use infrared reflectance spectroscopy for standoff detection. She describes an IARPA prize challenge to encourage new approaches to quantitatively predicting trace spectra on surfaces from bulk reflectance spectra. Physics based and computational machine learning approaches were used during the challenge. Dr DeWitt believes that the optimum solution to this challenge is a hybrid approach that allows the machine learning approach to be informed with the constraints and priors anchored in real scientific understanding. In their article DynITEC GmbH of Germany describe how they were commissioned to produce a small, lightweight, hand-held explosives initiation system (HZG) to military specifications. The end product is the HZG Hybrid that is in use in several countries by law counteriedreport.com
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FOREWORD
enforcement agencies. Key features of the HZG Hybrid include a safety mechanism to prevent unauthorised use, the ability to operate in all climate zones as well as underwater and with a night vision capability. It can initiate electric blasting caps and also the DynItec ESK 3 electronic blasting cap that is designed for environments where electric blasting caps are not suitable – C-IED operations for example. The result is a safe, versatile and reliable initiation system suitable for all operating conditions. Galen Wright and N.R. Jenzen-Jones of Armament Research Services describe the dramatic increase in the use of improvised munitions delivered by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This proliferation has been concentrated in the Middle East, mainly in Iraq and Syria, where ISIS is responsible for the majority of documented incidents. In the main the design features a small free- fall bomb containing 50 g of explosives and delivered by rotary wing UAVs – either COTS equipment or custom built - with an impact fuse and aerodynamic stabilisation. ISIS used such armed UAVs extensively in Iraq in Feb 2017 in the fighting around Mosul and in Syria in Jun 2017 around Raqqa. In addition to the use of these armed UAVs by non-state groups, government forces in Iraq, Iran and Syria have also used them. In his article Lt Col Jose M Rufas of the NATO Counter-IED Centre of Excellence in Madrid examines
Lt Col Ray Lane Commandant of the Irish Defence Force Ordnance School in his article describes ROCSAFE – Remotely Operated CBRNe Scene Assessment Forensic Examination. The goal of this EU funded research project is to fundamentally change how CBRNe events are assessed by reducing the need for CSI to enter high risk scenes. The Irish Ordnance School is a member of this project. ROCSAFE equipment was first used operationally at the scene of the Didcot Power Station disaster in the UK in 2016 where a boiler house had collapsed killing four men. The collapsed building was assessed to be too unstable for demolition personnel to enter. A combination of ROCSAFE RGVs and drones undertook a site survey to include still and video imagery and 3D laser scanning to study the building support structures. A key End User requirement of the research project is to provide unequivocal proof of the use of CBR agents. The ROCSAFE emphasis is on the Forensic Investigation phase of a CBRNe incident and innovative techniques and equipment have been developed to meet this requirement. ■
trends in the technical exploitation of IEDs together with associated challenges. He describes what he assesses to be potentially limiting factors to the requisite evolution of such exploitation within the allied structures in NATO. These include, inter alia, a deal of legacy practices and procedures from erstwhile operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, confusion over allied terminology and concepts and too much emphasis on national rather than allied interests. He examines the traditional NATO exploitation levels and the need to revise them by rewriting the current doctrinal approach to technical exploitation and to standardise terminology to avoid confusion and enhance interoperability and collaboration. Further he recommends a revision to the current three levels approach to technical exploitation and the need to harmonise military and law enforcement concepts and practices in this respect.
in Libya and, more latterly, Afghanistan in the running of the first United Nations humanitarian landmine clearance training programme – Operation Salam. The programme trained Afghan male refugees in landmine clearance techniques, and Afghan women and children in mine awareness and avoidance training. More recently he set up the Caribbean Search Centre in Kingston, Jamaica. The Centre is designed to train security forces across the Caribbean in modern search techniques. After retiring from the army he joined Cranfield University at Shrivenham, near Oxford, and undertook a research project on behalf of the UK Ministry of Defence that examined ways to improve the sharing of IED threat information between the military and civilian organisations in hazardous areas.
14 COUNTER-IED REPORT, Spring/Summer 2018
Rob Hyde-Bales biography During his career in the UK Royal Engineers, Rob Hyde-Bales was responsible for landmine clearance
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