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AR LY Y E ARS FO U NDATION S TA G E BO O KL ET
GEOGRAPHY YEAR 7 S UM MER BO O KL ET Contents Week 1: Continents, Compass Directions and ‘Extreme Environments’ Week 2: Line Graphs and ‘Climate Crisis’ Week 3: Global Warming Week 4: Climate Graphs Week 5: Weather Diary Week 6: Line Graphs, Tropical Storms and Dubai #See #Celebrate #Reward
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Geography
Geography
WEEK 1
WEEK 1 CONTINENTS AND COMPASS DIRECTIONS
IMPOSSIBLE PLACES
1. Label the map with the 7 continents and world oceans. Continents: North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Oceania, Antarctica, Africa. Oceans: Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean 2. A compass is an important tool for map readers. Label the 8 point compass rose. 3. Use the eight point compass to give directions to the questions below: A. What direction do I need to travel from Oceania to Asia? B. What direction do I need to travel from Africa to South America? C. What direction do I need to travel from Africa to Europe? D. What direction do I need to travel from Antarctica to Asia?
Across 3. Name the continent located close to Antarctica which had huge wildfires in 2020. 4. A large type of deer that lives in northern parts of the world. 7. When Obama was president he banned drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska. Who reversed this decision in 2017? 9. Which flightless bird lives almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere? 10. What type of farming is difficult in Svalbard? Down 1. Are polar bears found in the Arctic or Antarctic? 2. Name the line of latitude found at 23.5 South of the Equator. 5. Name the famous British early explorer of Polar regions. 6. Name the animal that provides the material to make Sami clothes. 8. What activity is forbidden in Antarctica?
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VIDEO LINKS & WEBSITES
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Video links
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Websites
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Useful links on the next page!
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Geography
Geography
WEEK 1
WEEK 1
VIDEO LINKS
ITV HUB
PROJECT Create an image of your geographical footprint and in no more than 20 words, what you would say as you first stepped on the surface of the Moon?
WEBSITES
EXPLORERS In Year 8 you will investigate and question, what makes ‘places impossible or possible’. Can technology overcome all problems, or should some areas remain untouched by humans? The launch of the SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Florida’s Kennedy Space Center in June 2020 marked the first time since 2011 that humans had blasted off into orbit from US soil. When Neil Armstrong first stepped foot on the Moon in 1969, he famously said, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.” Now over 50 years later, NASA’s Artemis program is working to launch astronauts to the Moon once again, with a goal of sending the first woman and next man to the lunar surface by 2024!
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Geography
Geography
WEEK 2
WEEK 2 LINE GRAPHS
CLIMATE CRISIS
Study Figure 1 and then answer the following questions below: 1. What is a line graph?
“The climate crisis has already been solved. We already have the facts and solutions. All we have to do is to wake up and change”. Greta Thunberg
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
What percentage of land in England was covered by woodland in 1100? In what year was the lowest percentage of land area covered by woodland? What happened between 1400 and 1900? What percentage of land in England was covered by woodland in 2000? What is the difference from 1100? What is the general pattern of woodland land area cover in England?
7. State two advantages of using a line graph for data presentation. [2] 8.
Outline two disadvantages of using a line graph to present data. [2]
Figure 1: A line graph showing woodland as a percentage of land area in England.
1. 2. 3. 4.
What does TRF stand for? What continent is the Amazon located in? What is the climate like in the TRF? Give one cause of deforestation (chopping down trees).
5.
What is a drought?
6.
What sort of weather was the ‘Beast from the East’ in 2018?
7.
Name one type of weather hazard you might experience in the UK.
8. Name one gas that contributes to climate change. 9. Which three of these locations are deserts? a. Kalahari b. Atlas c. Antarctica d. Great Australian
VIDEO LINKS
WEBSITES
WEBSITE
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Geography
Geography
WEEK 3
WEEK 3
GLOBAL WARMING
NO ONE IS TOO SMALL TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE - GRETA THUNBERG
Global warming is the recent increase in earth’s surface global temperatures. Extra carbon dioxide (from humans) in the atmosphere is trapping more heat from the sun. This is causing the planet to become warmer than it would be naturally.
When I was about eight years old, I first heard about something called climate change, or global warming. Apparently, that was something humans had created by our way of living. I was told to turn off the lights to save energy, and to recycle paper to save resources. I remember thinking that it was very strange that humans, who are an animal species among others, could be capable of changing the earth’s climate. But. No one talked about it. Ever. If burning fossil fuels was so bad that it threatened our very existence, how could we just continue like before? Why were there no restrictions? Why wasn’t it made illegal? They keep saying that climate change is an existential threat and the most important issue of all. And yet they just carry on like before. If the emissions have to stop, then we must stop the emissions. To me that is black and white. There are no grey areas when it comes to survival. Either we go on as a civilisation or we don’t. We have to change. Countries like Sweden and the UK need to start reducing emissions by at least 15 percent every year, to stay below a 2OC warming target. Nor does hardly anyone every mention that we are in the midst of the sixth mass extinction, with about 200 species going extinct every single day.
CAN YOU NAME ALL THE LOGOS?
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2.
3.
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VIDEO LINKS
WEBSITES
HOW CAN GLOBAL WARMING LINK ALL THESE LOGOS?
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Geography
Geography
WEEK 4
WEEK 3 PROJECT
CLIMATE GRAPHS
Read part of Greta’s speech at Parliament Square, London 31.10.2018. Interview a family member, ask the questions below or create some of your own.
Climate describes average weather conditions over longer periods and over large areas. Study Figure 2 and then answer the following questions below:
1. 2. 3.
1. What is a climate graph?
How old were you when you first heard about global warming? Give me an example of a fossil fuel. Can you give it it’s chemical symbol? Can you tell me what the 6th mass extinction is?
4. When did you last hear about global warming in the news? 5. Can you give me examples of how we, as individuals can reduce global warming (stop the planet warming).
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
What month/s are the hottest? What month/s are the coldest? What month/s receive the most precipitation? What month/s receive the least precipitation? Are there any patterns or trends? State two advantages of using a climate graph for data presentation. [2]
8. Outline two disadvantages of using a climate graph to present data. [2]
VIDEO LINKS & WEBSITES
PROJECT - A PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS
Video links
To get your powerful voice heard by politicians, some scientists and adults, what image would you use? Or what words would you include on a poster to highlight the importance of global warming and that we all need to act now?
Websites
Figure 2: A climate graph of a tropical rainforest.
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Geography
Geography
WEEK 5
WEEK 4 CLIMATE GRAPHS
FIELDWORK
VIDEO LINKS & WEBSITES
Construct the climate graph for the tundra using the temperature and precipitation values below. Remember to check your axis for the correct units.
The day-to-day conditions of the atmosphere. Weather can change quickly - one day it can be dry and sunny and the next day it may rain.
Video links
Title: A Climate Graph to show
WEATHER DIARY PROJECT
Websites
Record the measurements at the same time each day.
WIND SPEED Temperature
Rainfall (mm)
Months
Look at your surroundings while reading down the Beaufort Scale, which effects on land best match what you can see.
TEMPERATURE
X
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Temperature (°C)
-32
-44
-58
-65
-66
-65
-67
-68
-66
-57
-43
-32
Rainfall (mm)
0.1
0.0
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
If you have a thermometer great, if not use your phone.
How does the tundra climate compare to the tropical rainforest?
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Geography
Geography
WEEK 5
WEEK 5
Look directly above you and mentally
Sun
CLOUD COVER Sun
CLOUD COVER
Sat
imagine all the cloud you can see squashed into these boxes. How many
Sat
divide the sky into eight boxes. Then
the right represents the number of 8ths
Fri
Fri
boxes does the cloud fill? The scale to
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Thurs Tues Thermometer / Phone
Rain Gauge
Cloud Cover Scale
Beaufort Scale
Rainfall (mm)
Cloud Cover (Oktas)
Wind Speed
Beaufort Scale Wind Speed
Temperature (°C)
Cloud Cover Scale Cloud Cover (Oktas)
Mon Rain Gauge Rainfall (mm)
Equipment
Thermometer / Phone Temperature (°C)
Mon Equipment
RAINFALL
WEATHER DIARY PROJECT - FIELDWORK
Create a rain gauge. 1. 1-litre plastic water bottle. With a sharp knife (ask an adult for help here if you are not sure), cut its neck on the cylindrical part. 2. Invert the top to make a funnel. This funnel will prevent evaporation of water. Using your ruler and pen, place a mark every cm on the bottle. 3. Place some stones/pebbles/ Play-Doh in the bottom to stop it falling over. Then put it in an open space so it will collect rainfall. 4. Each morning measure using a ruler or off the cm scale you made, how much rainfall there has been. Empty after each measurement.
Tues
Wed
RAINFALL
Wed
Thurs
you counted up.
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Geography
Geography
WEEK 6
WEEK 6 LINE GRAPHS
EXTREME WEATHER – TROPICAL STORMS
Plot either your temperature or rainfall data from your weather diary. Extension: Can you plot both? Think climate graph. Or: Using the data below, plot a line graph showing the annual monthly rainfall for Birmingham in 2014.
Tropical storms often known as hurricanes, cyclones or typhoons bring with them a path of destruction. Hurricanes often form in warm places, over the tropical seas.
VIDEO LINKS
WEBSITES
Title: A Line Graph to show
Rainfall (mm) Y
TROPICAL STORMS POP-UP PROJECT Label the pop-up template (at the back of the booklet, pg. 19) with the numbers 1-7. Or even draw your own! Colour in the arrows, cut out, stick down the tabs on a flat piece of paper. Now you have your hurricane pop-up.
Day / Months
X
Birmingham
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Rainfall (mm)
75
55
50
55
65
50
70
70
60
70
85
65
Evaluation: How could you improve your data collection methods?
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Warm moist air ascending from the ocean - Colour red the upward arrows. The Eye Wall - precipitation and wind is greatest here. Cooler drier air descending – colour in blue downward arrow. Warm moist air spirals in an anti-clockwise direction. The Eye - the calmest part of the hurricane. Tall cumulus clouds. A Rain Band produces bursts of heavy rainfall and wind.
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Geography
Geography
WEEK 6
TROPICAL STORM POP-UP
VIRTUAL FIELDTRIP DUBAI, UAE You can go anywhere in the world using Google Maps or AirPana! Take a virtual tour and discover Dubai.
GLUE
Where else will your adventure take you?
Geographical Location
Population / language spoken / religion
What is Dubai best described as?
Dubai’s attractions
Burj Khalifa
WEBSITES
GLUE
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GLUE
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Geography
Geography
ANSWERS - WEEK 1 WEEK 1 - CONTINENTS 1. Arctic Ocean
North America
Arctic Ocean
Europe Asia
Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Africa Pacific Ocean
South America
Indian Ocean Atlantic Ocean
Oceania Southern Ocean
Antarctica 2.
3. A. North West B. West or South West C. North D. North or North East
WEEK 1 - IMPOSSIBLE PLACES Across 3. Oceania 4. Caribou 7. Donald Trump 9. Penguins 10. Arable
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Down 1. Arctic 2. Capricorn 5. Captain Scott 6. Caribou 8. Military
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Geography
Geography
ANSWERS - WEEK 2 & 3 WEEK 2 - LINE GRAPHS
WEEK 2 - CLIMATE CRISIS
WEEK 3 - PROJECT
WEEK 4 - CLIMATE GRAPHS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
2. 3. 5.
1. Climate graphs are a combination of a bar graph and a line graph. Temperature is shown on a line graph, with the figures being shown on the right side of the graph. Rainfall is shown by a bar graph, with the figures being shown down the left side of the graph. 2. January - April / August - December 3. May - July 4. March 5. August 6. Small Temperature range / Rains all year 7. Can display 2 types of data on one graph / Visual – easy to see trend 8. Difficult to read exact values. Would need same scale on all graphs to compare different climates.
A line graph is often used to show a trend over a number of days or hours. It is plotted as a series of points, which are then joined with straight lines. The ends of the line graph do not have to join to the axes. 14% 1920 Decreases 8% | 7% difference Decreases until 1920 then increases. Easy to read / easy to see trend and compare years. Harder to identify exact data than a bar graph. Can only plot small range of data.
Tropical rainforest South America Hot and wet Cattle ranching, mining, road building, settlements. Prolonged time without precipitation (rain, hail, sleet, snow), or without reliable access to water Blizzard / storm / extremely cold weather event Drought, heatwave, flood, coastal flood, storm surge, gale force winds Carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour Which three of these locations are deserts? Kalahari, Antarctica, Great Australian
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
7. Shell 8. Warner Brothers 9. Evian 10. Nike 11. Lacoste 12. Mercedes
Amazon HSBC PlayStation McDonald’s Domino’s Pringles
All the businesses produce carbon dioxide whether through production, distribution or advertising.
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Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) Human-caused extinction, with species from frogs to birds to tigers threatened by global warming, disease, loss of habitat, three-quarters of today’s animal species could vanish within 300 years. Walk and not use the car, turn the tap off when brushing your teeth, recycle, use energy efficient appliances, turn electrical items off at the plug, shop local, eat seasonal foods, holiday in the UK to reduce CO2 emissions.
WEEK 5 - EVALUATION
WEEK 3 - LOGO QUIZ
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ANSWERS - WEEK 3, 4 & 5
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Use more accurate data recording equipment. Wind speed – anemometer Temperature – take the temperate 1 meter off the ground in the shade.
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