JO U R N E Y
Fan Guo
Selected Works 2010 - 15
FAN GUO fanguo012@gmail.com tel. (703) 717-8902
ADDRESS
HO ME A D D R E S S
1423 W. 19th St, Chicago, IL 60608
4806 Heron Neck Lane Fairfax, VA 22033
PROFESSIONAL
EXPERIENCE
ABOUT ME Born in 1990 into a family where both parents were architects, I emigrated from China at the age of ten, and was focused on absorbing the American culture and its way of thinking while retaining a fundamental pursuit for knowledge. Having had a natural interest in art and architecture at an early age, I eventually developed them into my passions. Years of exploring and investigating new and existing paradigms of architecture has taught me to think and react critically to physical, social and economic contexts in and surrounding a design. Continuously absorbing knowledge from multiple fields into the practice of architecture, refined through practice, is a driving force of my pursuits academically and beyond.
EDUCATION Bachelor of Science in Architecture
09. 2008 - 05. 2012
Master of Science in Architecture and Urban De sign
06. 2012 - 05. 2014
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Columbia University
PROFICIENCY
HONORS
Aut oCA D
R e vit
Rhino
Ph o t o s hop
I l l ust ra t o r
I n D esig n
Sket c hup
ArcGIS
Af t er E ff ect s
04. 2011 05. 2011
Edward C. Earl Prize Third Place
Green Rescheme Competition
Honorable Mention
06 - 08. 2007 Nadel Architects Inc. Los Angeles, CA Intern
06 - 08. 2009 New World Architecture Shenyang, China Intern
06 - 08. 2009
URBANUS Beijing, China
06 - 08. 2009 Sou Fujimoto Architects Tokyo, Japan Intern
Worked under supervision of Jack Bouvrie, Design Director. Modeling and photo editing on Dalian Sports Center.
Worked in design and interactions with clients. Collaborated in schematic design and construction drawings of the PLA Shenyang Division Office Building.
Collaborated with various teams in design processes including construction documents, physical modeling, and schematic designs.
Projects:
Projects:
Projects:
Collaborated on various international projects with competiting deadlines. Participated in design phase, production phase and post-production phase, as well as research for upcoming projects
Projects:
Physical Modeling Graphics editing
Concept Development Digital Modeling Construction Documentation
Digital Modeling Graphics Editing
Concept Development Digital Modeling
Dalian Sports Center City Place Renovation Graphics editing
PLA Shenyang Division Office Building
Zijin Garden Residential Complex Concept Development Digital Modeling
Intern
Erdos 100+10
Tangshan Fossil Museum Graphics editing Rooftop Garden Design
LA Research Institute Beijing Cultural Center
Construction Documentation Graphics Editing
Beijing Cultural Center Concept Development Digital Modeling
PHOTOGRAPHY
SKETCHWORK
FOSTER
REMEMBRANCE
EMPOWERMENT
LEARNING
REVITALIZATOIN
DISTRIBUTION
PERFORMANCE
INTERACTION
TIME
SUBTEXT
4 67 1011 1617 2324 2729 3132 3536 4244 4748 5354 5657 59
INVESTIGATION University of Illinois 2010 - 2012
"Architecture nowadays is occupied territory. Occupied by money, tasteless investors, politicians with no idea and the not-too-intelligent building industry. So architects must decide: will I be a traitor or a spy?� - Wolf Prix, founder, Coop Himmelb(l)au
03
ONE |
Anton Chekhov Residence
TIME:
SPRING 2010
INSTRUCTOR:
ALLISON WARREN
SITE:
SIBERIAN WATERFRONT
MEDIUM:
MODEL, HAND SKETCH
Drifting, the Russian playwright, Anton Chekhov’s mind seldom rested during his lifelong pursuit of writing and philosophy. As the namesake of one of Chekhov’s most famous plays, the seagull perhaps best represents Chekhov’s endless pursuit of ideological values which resulted from an ongoing resentment of the late-19th century Russian society. To think, and to create, the mind must first be at peace. Therefore, in designing the Chekhov Residence, providing a peaceful and comforting retreat becomes the single most important goal. One focus, one program, and one with nature. The design of the Anton Chekhov Residence is a process derived upon a multiple initial concepts with a singular goal. The conceptual developments are focused on the life and achievements of the single individual, Anton Chekhov; the program of the design serves the purpose solely focusing on providing Chekhov with comfort, while the design of the Chekhov residence seeks to blend into one with nature.
04
05
... Thus ew in the seagull. Derived from the gliding motion of the seagull, the form of the building focuses on an open interior environment. Situated on a hill overlooking a lake with a portion of the building cantilevered from it, the house emphasizes a serene reclusiveness from combination of design and setting, while the more dynamic east wing is used for gathering/recreation purposes. The cantilevering and sweeping form of the building merges with the landscape, like a seagull about to take o.
06
Re_Creation
Kickapoo State Park Visitor Center TIME:
FALL 2010
INSTRUCTOR:
ALLISON NEWMEYER
SITE:
KICKAPOO STATE PARK, ILLINOIS
MEDIUM:
MODEL, SKETCHUP, AUTOCAD, PHOTOSHOP, ILLUSTRATOR
Can a design represent the movement of time itself? The form of the building is an attempt to display the fragmented history of the Kickapoo region itself, using intersection triangular elements cut and added from a rectangular whole to represent physical changes. Spaces within the building also become broken down: conventional staircases and floors are largely omitted in favor of a continuous vertical circulation, with gradually differentiating experiences throughout the building. The large wall counteracts the mass and irregularity of the main building, while also acting as a projection medium for the public space below. The top-level gallery space is also an observatory that overlooks the entire park, with an east-west view that is framed by a through passage that plays with the inside-outside experience. Together with the gradually shifting indoor experience, the architecture of the Visitor Center strives to be as much a showcase of the park’s history as its surrounding context.
07
P re - 1850
Natural environment & Native American settlement
R e cla ma ti on
1 850 - 194 0
P ost- 194 0
Strip-mining
Rehabilitation
Scars heal, mended by time. For Kickapoo, the past is as important as its future. Kickapoo State Park blends its natural environment with a history of strip-mining. The natural qualities of hills, rivers and valleys are seldom available within the Prairie context, while its once man-made interventions davastated its natural appearance, giving the park a fragmented feel, awaiting nature’s reclamation. This relationship between shifting conditions and movement of time gives Kickapoo State Park a unique parameter for spatial exploration.
08
09
10
SEED |
LaSalle & Chicago Ave. Mixed Use
TIME:
SPRING 2011
INSTRUCTOR:
CAMDEN GREENLEE
SITE:
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
MEDIUM:
MODEL, SKETCHUP, 3DS MAX, AUTOCAD, PHOTOSHOP, ILLUTRATOR
S ustainable E nvironment, E quitable D esign.
Equitable, interactive environments lead to cultural and socially sustainable living, which in today’s fast-paced world is becoming less and less focused. The Increasing density and hybridity in urban landscapes allow increased opportunities for interaction, which are essential in maintaining a socially sustainable environment. Interactions in cities range across different scales and levels, actively and passively. People to people, unit to unit, building to environment, public to private are some of the examples that urban architecture should willingly address. The building, therefore, should act as a medium, a provider of interactive activities for the residents within. Using a modular design that focuses on breaking down layers to create interactive spaces and the sharing of semi-public “decomposed elements”, the design seeks to create a culturally sustainable urban living, while focusing on solar heating/cooling, natural ventilation and innovating spaces to create a comfortable urban experience.
11
Individuals need spaces to survive. Spaces to live, spaces to work, and spaces to play. These spaces often intersect each other at different places and times among invididuals, which happens increasingly frequently corresponding to the density of human population. In today’s urban living, architects, as system-makers, should not only intepret and plan for the spatial needs of people, but also consider that, in an increasingly denser urban environment, to maximize the spatial cooperation corresponding to these needs, to make cities overall more interactive, sociable, and livable. Raising a building in a modern city is comparable to raising a tree in a forest. The building provides safety and security for those who dwell within it, as well as ease and comfort of living. However, the scale of function that an individual building can offer is very limited within the larger context of the city. Though their roles are vital, individual buildings nonetheless play only a small part compared the greater context of the city itself. Therefore, it is important for buildings to not only support its own “ecosystem” within, but to interact with the city, as well. Like a living tree in a dense forest, living among hundreds of similar plant life, a building shares the ground, and struggles for light with many structures in the immediate vicinity. This distinct relationship of the building and its surrounding directly relates to its purpose - an in-between representation of a people-centric living environment and an urban nature, representing a combination of human ingenuity and a purified need to benefit those who utilize it. Perhaps it is which that sets human apart from animals. No longer suited for the real nature that we have relatively less control over, we adapt ourselves to new environments, from which we are able to create in our own will, to play God on the environment to better suit our needs. And our need for the future is an likely an increasingly dense and interactive urban environment. Buildings, therefore - become mediums between the human scale and the urban scale, creating not only safety and shelter, but as a means to enable us interact with each other and our environment in a more efficient manner.
.
12
Li Mo vabl du e Sp lar (9 aces x9 x9 )
k
C h ic ag o A en djace co ura nt b ge us s ga top the s rng
Re
sid
Co
en
tia
mm
ou
13
SEMI-PUBLIC COMMERICAL PUBLIC
shift | Pushing up street corner
mix | Interaction among programs add | Modular layout
subtract | Inter-unit green space
th
l
erc
ial
In Se tera Co mi-P ctive nn ub ect lic Void s 5 Gr s 0% een of all Spac un es its be tw
i-p
Ec D osy eas oubl stem t fa e-sk cin in g f sur aca rou de nd s ss
ub
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Str min ee g en t Cor Tog ha ne nc r’s ethe e s exp pu focu r eri blic s en ce
Li C ght Semomm Well i-P ercia s ub lic l Util Am ity en + ity
In Pe tera Int dest ctio Sem erco rian n: i-p nne -orie ub cte nt lic e Lay d Co d Pu ers mm blic erc La ial yer + +
its
M 1 + ixed 2 B - In ed com +S e tud Livi io ng Int erl oc
Co inc mm rea erc sed ial I LaS pe nter alle de sec str + ian tion tra w/ ffic
Y Pu e Old bli e L c + ay Co erc mm aki erc ng: ial +S em
Un
ee
nu
nit
s
Residenial Floor Two
Residential Floor One
Commercial Floor
14
Automated parking presents itself as another sustainable solution unique to the given site. Given dimensions of the site (125’ x 85”), using standard ramp parking system allows for a total of only 12 parking spaces per floor. Offering parking to 75% of total number of bedrooms of residents would require a total number of 80 parking spaces, creating a challenge in arrangement. Replacing ramp parking with an automated parking system allows up to 27 spaces per floor, which means using three levels of automated parking is equivalent to seven levels of standard parking, while using a total of just two standard floor height, greatly reducing materials and energy needed for creating extra levels, as well as largely eliminating the need for natural lighting and ventilation.
SEED utilitzes a double-skin system that covers the south and west facades to reduce energy consumption. Seeing increased utilizable in Europe and Canada, this type of skin system works by creating a temperature buffer in the intermediate thresholds, saving up to 40% in energy consumption.
Utilization of double-skin facade system may allow the building to use up to 40% less energy , while providing occupiable middle thresholds as balcony space. Skin system utilizes heat rise effect to allow hot air travel upwards, creating a temperature zone within the threshold of two skins.
Occupiable threshold also acts as overhang that filters direct sunlight from warm seasons
5
15
10
20
30
50
100ft
16
INCORPORATING MULTIPLICITY Air-frame and Powerplant Instructional Facility (APIF) TIME:
FALL 2011
INSTRUCTOR:
SCOTT MURRAY
SITE:
SAVOY, ILLINOIS
MEDIUM:
SKETCHUP+INDIGO RENDERER, AUTOCAD,
“… T HE
CLIMATE CONSULTANT, PHOTOSHOP, ILLUSTRATOR
RADICAL CONCEPT OF A SINGULAR MESSAGE , MITOTICALLY AND INFINITELY DIVIDED , GAVE EVEN THE SMALL-
EST PUBLICATION A GREATER AND PERMANENCE THAN THE MOST MONUMENTAL OF BUILDINGS , THIS SHIFT FROM
MONUMENTALITY TO DEXTERITY AND MULTIPLICITY FORESHADOWED THE CURRENT STATES OF INFORMATION CONVEY-
ANCE , IN WHICH THE DIGITAL PARADIGM .”
‒ DIMENSIONLESS AND - H OWELER + Y OON A RCHITECTURE
PERVASIVE
‒
DOMINATES AS THE CONTEMPORARY MEDIA
Architects have argued that, due to its inherent dexterity and multiplicity, media has risen beyond architecture as the most prevalent form of information conveyance. The best stories carry strong messages that endear themselves to many ears. The pervasiveness of contemporary digital media, with its multifaceted approach into the details that are able to connect individuals on personal levels in an accessible manner, is able to convey messages in a more flexible manner than the monumental focus of the architectural message. Using this belief as inspiration, the conceptual layout of the APIF focuses on creating a multi-facted learning environment. The design shifts from a singular purpose to a larger number of subtler design strategies that seeks to come together to benefit the larger goal. Every decision on the building’s form is based on a multitude of direct interactive influences and sustainable strategies. The fast-paced contemporary world demands change, and rewards those that comply. Much like the media entity, modern institutions like education need to be constantly prepared for increasing technological and social demands, and architecture serves as a basis for such preparation and a medium for meeting such demands. Therefore, contemporary educational facilities should be designed to not only fulfill immediate needs, but also pertain to a mindset to prepare for the future. The qualities that made the media a sustained but ever-adapting entity ‒ dexterity and multiplicity ‒ should be adopted into architectural concepts when conveying architectural messages in this particular context.
17
Main methods of approach
Roof communicates with rest of structure with lighting & circulation
Combined circulation as a result of approach
Building-Site interlocking relationship
Programmatic layout in accordance to circulation
Intermediate threshold as green space to provide public space and transitional moments from building to environment
Spaces united by a singlepiece green roof
Combination with green roof synthesizes activity with learning 18
19
|
Incorporating Multiplicity
GROUND LEVEL PLAN
HANGAR
WORKSHOP
JOINT STORAGE OFFICE CONFERENCE CLASSROOM LOBBY
20
|
|
Incorporating Multiplicity
LOWER LEVEL PLAN
JOINT STORAGE OFFICE CONFERENCE
CLASSROOM LOBBY
21
Incorporating Multiplicity
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
JA
CLIMATE ZONE ANALYSIS RU
Y AR
Incorporating Multiplicity
Temperature Range (° F)
DESIGN STRATEGY
100
|
90 80
m
AR
CH
Co
ne t Zo for
70 60 50
M
40 30
Ground Temperature 0’
Depth
B FE
Y NUAR
-16.4’
20 10
Ge oth erm al He ati ng Co mf ort Lev el wit h So lar Dir e ct Ga i n Co mf ort Lev el wit h Na tur a l V en t i l a tio n C om f o r t Lev el wit h el Na t ura l C o mf ort L ev
APRI
L
0 -10
30.3 % 20.1% 14.5% 7.4%
M AY
-20
DE BE
JU
NE
CE M R
Located in central Illinois, The site represents typical Midwest cliimate condition: large temperature flucturations throughout the year due to latitude and geograpyical features, with yearly average temperature remaining relatively low. The result of climate analysis reveals a maximum natural comfort level at just 7.4%. However, with design strategies such as a focus on natural ventilation and solar directly gain, comfort level can be increased almost threefold. Additionally, if a system of internal heat exchange can be utilized, total comfort level of the given site can be risen to over 30%. In a structure where large spaces are created by long structural trusses, the sustainable aspect of design strategies will allow the structure to save large amounts of energy costs in the future.
COMFORTABLE LEARNING
N O V
EM
BE
JU
R
OC
TO
BER
SEPTEMBER
AUG
US
T
LY
|
Incorporating Multiplicity
22
|
Incorporating Multiplicity
ENVELOPE & ENERGY f as G re e n ro o b a rr ie r in s u la ti o n
Ge
at nP o i t tila Ven
23
ter
n
er oth
ma
lH
Pum eat
ps
The decision to place the lower floor of the building below ground was made to enhance building performance, as well as improving access to its multitude of programs. Due to Central Illinois' climate conditions, temperature range is high between warmer and colder months, leading to high energy costs particular in the winter. By utilizing geothermal heating and cooling as a main source of climate control, the facility is able to adjust to seasonal temperature fluctuations with reasonable long-term costs, while maintaining a high comfort level. The lowered profile of the building also allows ground-level access to the green roof, further regulating building temperature during summer months, while providing a much-needed outdoor public space in a relatively confined site.
FOOD IN MOTION Chicago River Hydroponic Farming TIME:
SPRING 2012
INSTRUCTOR:
ERIK HEMINGWAY
SITE:
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
MEDIUM:
SKETCHUP+INDIGO RENDERER, PHOTOSHOP, ILLUSTRATOR
In 2008, For the first time in history, over half the world’s population resided in urban areas. It is speculated by 2050, more than 80% of the world’s population will be urban. With a shift in population focus comes a need for an infrastructure that suits the needs for a changing environment, namely a local, transportable agricultural system that directly benefits the urban populace. Food In Motion proposes a large-scale agricultural system in an urban environment, utilizing the river system as the basis for a localized farming and distribution system, reducing food miles and increasing efficiency of how produced is sold in the urban future.
24
17 25
22
26
27
CONVERSATION Columbia University
2012-2014
In Illinois, I found a tremendous diďŹƒculty in deďŹ ning architecture, which only increased as my pursuit of it continued. In Columbia, I chose to embrace this paradoxical process, rather than seeking conclusions to my question.
28
HARVESTING UNDERCITY NYC Underground Algae Farming TIME:
FALL 2012
COLLABORATOR:
ANDREW LEUNG
INSTRUCTOR:
PHU DUONG
SITE:
NEW YORK CITY
MEDIUM:
MAYA, AFTEREFFECTS, FILM ILLUSTRATOR, PHOTOSHOP
LINK:
WWW.VIMEO.COM/47909472
Manhattan has 19 underutilized subway stations, six of them are abandoned, totaling more than 80 acres of unused space. How can these spaces be utilized for the benefit of the city? Microalgae harvestation is a high-yielding method of renewable biofuel. With a single acre, a microalgae pond can yield 10,000 gallons of unprocessed biofuel, compared to 1.8 gallons of ethanol harvested from cornfields. The biofuel can the be used to power vehicles and infrastucture in replacment of petrolium. HARVESTING UNDERCITY proposes a design solution from an energy generation perspective, using algae farming to generate more than 800,000 gallons of biofuel per year while utilizing waste water and roadside carbon dioxide from cso for nutrients, producing energy while cleasning the city.
29
HARVESTING UNDERCITY SUBWAY STATIONS
S TA
HARVESTING UNDERCITY TIO
NS
M ISSION : M ANHATTAN
33
UN
US
ED
1
2
3
U NDERUTILIZED
468
C
O PPORTUNISTIC M ANHATTAN
A
N EW Y ORK C ITY HAS A HIDDEN LAYER . 468 SUBWAY STATIONS MAKE UP A BUSY UNDERCITY WITH 656 LENGTH . T HE ARTERIAL UNDERCITY PROVIDES 1.7 BILLION SUBWAY IN
ITS
100- YEAR
HISTORY ,
NUMEROUS
STATIONS
WERE
LEFT
ABANDONED OR PARTIALLY UNUSED . THE CITY CURRENTLY HAS
T
STATIONS , WITH
19 BEING IN MANHATTAN , TOTALLING H OW CAN THESE SPACES BE UTILIZED IN ONE THE WORLD ?
SQUARE FEET .
33
RIDES ANNUALLY . BEHIND
TO
BE
UNDERUTILIZED
MORE THAN
200,000
OF THE BUSIEST METROP-
B
D
N
Q
R
OLISES IN
MILES OF TRACK
4 UNUSED UNDERUTILIZED
5
S 6
Unspe
cifie
v er
ic
e
D ELANCEY S TATION T HE D ELANCEY S TATION BECAME THE FOCAL POINT FOR NEW IDEAS ON REVITALIZING NYC’ S UNUSED SPACES AFTER THE INTRODUCTION OF THE H IGH L INE . L OCATED IN E AST V ILLAGE , D ELANCY STATION OFFERS MORE THAN 60,000 SQUARE FT . OF USABLE SPACE WHILE BEING DIRECTLY UNDER THE NYC STREET - SCAPE .
d 30
HARVESTING UNDERCITY A LGAE F ARMING
Filtered Essentials NYC’s CSO (Combined Sewage System) represents as much as 75% of the city’s total sewage volume. Utilizing the CSO as a resource provides growing pods with readily available H2O as well as nitrite (N) and potassium (P), which are essential to algal growth.
Combined Sewage CSO as nutrient
Preservation of existing structure
Daylight Simulation Due to their subterrainean nature, the algae pods receive no natural light. However, according to recent studies, this characteristic may become a critical advantage in boosting algal growth by introducing simulated daylighting at increased cycles.
Treatment System
Individual pods are capable of turning up to 90 degrees to face light source.
Photobioreactors provide optimal growing
conditions for smaller colonies. Connected individually to the feeding system, the bioreactors are adjustible, removable, and react to controlled stimuli such as light.
31
Delancey Station Test Site
90º Movable light fixture
Research and inspection is done on-site. Harvested biomatter goes through inspection process before transporting for purification.
BUS SCHOOL
Mobile Learning Campus for Migrant Children in Beijing TIME:
FALL 2012
COLLABORATOR:
JUN PENG
INSTRUCTOR:
MICHAEL CONARD
SITE:
BEIJING
MEDIUM:
RHINO, SKETCHUP, ILLUSTRATOR, PHOTOSHOP, ARCGIS
In present-day China, more than 300 million people have left their homes for jobs in cities as migrant workers as a part of the largest human migration in history. One of the most intricate resulting sosical issues is the inequalities in education of their children. Due to the Hukou registration system, migrant children often cannot enjoy the privileges of subsidized public education in host cities as easy and barrier-free as in their hometown. The problem is exacerbated in larger urban centers such as Beijing. Currently, around 1/3 of children of migrant families in the capital city cannot attend public schools. In reaction to the existing barrier of public schools, private-run migrant schools were spontaneously established in large amounts in urban villages. However, they were consistently facing demolition due to urban redevelopment along the urban periphery. Through analyzing urbanization as a strong force in shaping the mobile nature of the migrants, the project proposes a new form of school for migrant children, utilizing the large number of buses about to be retired from Beijing’s public transportation fleet. BUS SCHOOL seeks to provide the local migrant communities with a mobile system of learning that alleviates the children’s lack of educational opportunities, while providing a level of permanence for a community constantly on the move.
32
China’s Great Migration
Contemporary Beijing
In present-day China, more than 300 million people have left their homes for jobs in cities as migrant workers as a part of the largest human migration in history. One of the most intricate resulting sosical issues is the iniequalities in education of their children. Due to the Hukou registration system, migrant children often cannot enjoy the privileges of subsidized public education in host cities as easy and barrier-free as in their hometown. The problem is exacerbated in larger urban centers such as Beijing. Currently, around 1/3 of children of migrant families in the capital city cannot attend public schools. In reaction to the existing barrier of public schools, private-run migrant schools were spontaneously established in large amounts in urban villages. However, they were consistently facing demolition due to urban redevelopment along the urban periphery. Through analyzing urbanization as a strong force shaping the mobile feature of the migrants, the project proposed a new, flexible form of special school for migrant children.
7 million Migrant Workers
In China, there’re 225 million migrant workers and 20 million migrant children floating mainly from rural area and small cities to Metropolitan Cities, especially Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong. Beijing, as the capital of China, has 7 million migrant workers and 478,000 migrant children today. Most of them rent living units in urban villages along the outskirt of the city due to economic reasons. In Beijing, 30% of migrant children have still been excluded from public education system and have to attend urban village migrant schools that are usually poorly staffed and inferior in education quality.
4% 33%
Heilongjiang
Lost Chance at Education Excluded from Public Education System
Jilin
Xingjiang
Liaoning
Neimengu
Beijing
Tianjing Shanxi
Ningxia Ginghai
Shanxi
Gansu
Hebei Henan
Jiangsu
Hubei Sichuan
Xizang
Inferior Education Quality Unstable Envrionment for Growth
Shandong
53%
Frequently Change Schools
478,000 Migrant Children within the age of compulsory education
Shanghai
Chongqing
Anhui
Hunan
Zhejiang
Jiangxi
Guizhou Fujian
Yunnan Guangxi
Guangdong
Unpredictable Future 33
Hainan
10%
Receive Normal Education
Pushed Outward
Mobile Solution
Farmland
Beijing Urban Village
Beijing Urbanized Area Existing Urban Villages
Transportation Network
With rapid ubanization, urban villages along the outskirts of Beijing have been gradually encroached by urban redevelopment and many private-run migrant schools are forced shut down by urban demolition. Most of these migrant children who lost their schools had to go back to their hometown or chose to attend other migrant schools, which caused negative impact on their personal growth. Meanwhile, their migrant families have been pushed outward with the expanding urban outskirt. Viewing migrant schools still as a necessary way of offering education to migrant children, the existing barriers of public schools cannot be eliminated in a short time period, which begs the question: Does the fixation of temporary education system suit the strong mobile character of migrant families?
Developed Area Demolished Land
Assessing Dongba - A Typical Urban Village along the Outskirt of Bejing
Beijing has
21,018 buses in its fleet
In 2011, New Energy Buses accounted for
63% of the city’s bus fleet
By 2015, over
3,000
diesel buses will be scrapped.
Adaptable Learning Environment for a Mobile Population
Dongba Village
2006
LEGEND:
2008
Urban Village
Developing Area
2010
Developed Area
2012
Public School
Private Migrant School
How can an education system accomodate the mobile population? A proposed answer is a new system of modular learning units that is capable of connecting the disconnected. By 2015, more than 3,000 public buses currently in service will be decommissioned by the city due to new emission standards. These units of mobile infrastructure can be utilized for both their ability to pick up children in disconnected communities and providing learning environments as re-purposed mobile learning centers of classrooms, washrooms, cafeterias and libraries. Due to the mobile nature of the Bus School, the campus in which learning environment is provided can be multi-faceted and flexible. Therefore, opportunities arise in not only education for migrant children, but after-school interaction with children in public schools as well.
34
Adaptable Learning Units
Dynamic Timeline
Each bus is modified to implement specific learning programs, from standard classrooms, to specialized spaces for art, music and cooking. Together these modular units function as a singular campus, providing students similar learning opportunities as those offered in school buildings. When larger spaces are needed, the buses are capable of parking closely to merge into a single, shared space with open circulation, further enhancing the flexibility of the Bus School system.
2 6:30 -7:30 am picks up children
7 4:30 - 5:30 pm
1 6:30 am
io
e
ra t
or ag
Bus Scho
ol Camp
nfi gu
St &
io
ic
ra t
us ts
oo
m
Co
Ar
8 6:00 pm
back to temporary campus
nfi
&
gu
M
Li
us
n
Co
br ar y
leaves temporary campus
n
Co
nfi gu
W
ra t
at
io
n
er C
lo
se tC
on
fig u
ra t
io
n
drops off children
as
sr
3 8:00 am - 3:00 pm
Cl
arrives at temporary campus classes begin
4 3:00 pm
classes finish drives to nearby public school
6 4:30 pm
leaves school ground sends students home
Public School Campus
5 3:20 - 4:30 pm
Ca
fet
e Op
eri
le
S
oo
r
Potential Sites
O
pe
n
Ci
rc
ul a
tio
n
a
rab
D ide
arrives public school campus and functions as activity room, holding cultural programs, co-working workshop or activities with public school students.
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Urban Green Belts
Open Space / Parks
Outskirt Abandoned Farmland
Under-utilized Factory Open Storage Space
Parking Lots
Demolished Yet Undeveloped Land
G ENER A TI V E P OO LING
MANYATTA
community bio-center
Economic & Ecological Improvement Collaborative for Manyatta Community in Kisumu, Kenya TIME:
SPRING 2014
COLLABORATORS:
NIJIA JI, JI HAN LEW, YU ZHANG
INSTRUCTORS:
RICHARD PLUNZ, GEETA MEHTA, PETRA KAMPF, VICTOR BODY-LAWSON, VIREN BRAHMBHATT, KATE ORFF, MICHAEL CONARD
SITE:
KISUMU, KENYA
MEDIUM:
PHOTOSHOP, ILLUSTRATOR, RHINO, ARCGIS
PHASE 1 | CLEAN AUJI
waste collection
mainstream economy
bio-gas generation
income generation
social capital credits
tourism
social amenities
PHASE 2 | TREAT WATER Auji River
Manyatta is one of the largest slums in Kisumu, a city where slum-dwellers make up more than 60% of population. While Kisumu goes through rapid population growth, the residents of Manyatta continue to face limited financial opportunities and environmental health crisis, amplified by impacts from the seasonal flood damage due to the area’s poor drainage. Generative Pooling challenges the negative association between Manyatta and its hydrological environment by addressing the flooding, limited sanitation infrastructure, and a deficient economy within Manyatta. We propose progressive sanitary and ecological intervention to improve water quality and alleviate flood risk from the Auji River, and we anticipate long-term economic benefits that will follow the clean and controlled water management. The project will involve and energize the Manyatta community, as well as the public and private sectors of Kisumu, to support a healthier lifestyle and an improved economy. Flooding is an urgent issue that poses serious health risks to Manyatta residents such as malaria and other waterborne diseases. With Generative Pooling, we challenge the existing perception of water as a threat, seeing it instead as an economic resource. The Auji River, the main drainage channel that cuts through Manyatta, is currently filled with solid and human waste, resulting in serious blockage and contamination. The first phase of the project proposes to remedy this situation with a new waste collection and sanitation infrastructure. This system, in the form of bio-community centers (already being implemented in a few Manyatta locations), will include a new socio-economic methodology that rewards the community for actively participating in proper waste composting, offering social capital credits that can be exchanged for hygienic programs or products, skill enhancement classes, and other community activities. The community’s effort in waste reallocation and water quality improvement will prepare the large patch of marshland at the Southwest tip of Manyatta ready for a constructed wetland to be implemented. The constructed wetland will further improve the water quality by natural filtration, preventing mosquito breeding with special plants and creatures, and containing storm-water within a retaining fish pool. Filtered water will help sustain a large-scale aquaculture that is expected to become a new major income source for Manyatta residents. This new productive landscape will supply fish and processed products to on-site and off-site market and restaurants, which will contribute to the local economy, as well. Also exploiting the adjacency to other city facilities such as Nakumatt, Moi stadium, the decommissioning landfill site, and the highway, the site’s development will also act as an anchor to attract tourists and to bond the Manyatta community more closely to Kisumu’s mainstream economy.
constructed wetlands
water filtration
market
flood prevention
restaurant
eco-habitat
PHASE 3 | GENERATE BUSINESS eco-tourism
aquaculture 36
PHASE I | Clean Auji
Unregulated Waste Disposal Major Dumpsites
Manyatta A Manyatta B
Lake Victoria Increased Environmental Impact
Kachok Dumpsite Largest waste dumpsite in Kisumu City
Minor Flooding Threat Flooding Threat Major Flooding Threat Blockage
Auj
i Ch
ann e
l
Direction of Runoff
Unoccupied Wetland Auji Channel - Kisumu Bypass Nairobi Road Intersection as potential future site
Nairo
bi Ro
Kisumu Sewage Waste Recycling Plant
ad
Lake Victoria Runoff Stormwater runoff a cause for Water Hyacinth breakout
Currently disfunctional sewerage & waste recycling plant built by Tianjin University & KCM.
Second Floor Skill building classes Social Spaces
KISUMU SOLID WASTE SITUATION Manyatta
Population expanding at 6-12% annually
37
Manyatta B Pop. size ~ 25,700 Density ~ 6,400
Total Waste Generation >400 tons/day
Collection Efficiency 20% (80) tons/day
Ground Floor
LEGEND Bio-Community Center Sites 9.9%
Metals
1o.2%
Glass
12.3%
Plastics
63.1%
Organic
1400ft/ 5min walking distance
Showers & water closet Fresh water
Auji Channel Secondary Drainage Storm Water Flow
Cleaning Auji
Reallocation of Waste Social Capital Rewards Unclogging waterway for Ecological Benefit
Powered by Community Organic waste disposal Electricity through bio-gas Allows night time activities
PHASE II | Treat Water
PERFORMATIVE
33m 3/s 30m 3/s
DSCAPE t
an gus tifo lia
ts
La
van du la
dem ers um lum ph yl Ce rat o
Pis
Ny mp ha
tia s
tra tio tes
ea gig an tea
3
HYDROLOGY LANDFORM FOR CONSTRUCTED WETLAND
storm water catchment
storm water catchment
AFTER
33m 3/s 30m 3/s 3
3753 - 3762 Elevation (ft.)
33m 3/s 30m 3/s 3
BEFORE
Marshland
Kisumu Bypass Road
Marshland
Marshland
Manyatta B Settlement 38
PHASE III | Generate Business Existing Markets & Potential Partnerships
Kisumu Economic Condition & Fishing as Economic Opportunity 30%
unemployed
52%
informal jobs
35%
60%
53%
drinking unprotected water
live in informal settlements
living below poverty line 300
Marine Drive
280
about 60% of western Kenyan households depend on ďŹ sh as a source of food or income
Kisumu Municipal Market
average monthly ďŹ sh capture and export
omena
wholesale: 88%
100 clarias
12%
nile perch
79,237 kg
retail:
tilapia
capture:
wholesale price vs. retail price retail sale can be enhanced for 30~60 KSH per kg
hotel market museum
Kisumu Polytechnic
utility + storages
Auj
i Ch
ann
el
restaurants
Nakumatt
39
ďŹ sh cage
Restaurant 80 seating space
Public Recreation
Community Space | Jogging| Basketball
Cut & Fill Fishery Yield
Fishery Revenue
300 Units Yield: 1000kg/day
~ $400,000 ksh/pond/year
Market Jobs
Market Earnings
280 Stalls
40% Increase from Average Income
Excess Clay used for Building Construction
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SOCIAL CAPITAL CREDITS (SOCCS)
RESPONDING TO A NEED FOR SOCIAL SPACES
Recognize and honor individual for participating in community improvement. In return, individual will be able to exchange this virtual currency for other goods or services they need. City of Kisumu
Nairo
bi
Ro a
d
bi Ro
1
This card is issued by MCI
ad
Manyatta Credit Identification
Authorized Signature
ID: 000 123 456 Last Name First Name Area: Manyatta A Address: DOB: 08/12/2000 Sex: F HT:
Personal ID www. abcde.com www. abcde.com
Issued:
Expires:
street light community space/room
garbage truck public bathroom
booth
SoCCs
We want a soccer field!
enhance circulation by providing alternative routes
5
2
Scenario - Tom Opiyo’s Daily Routine in Manyatta
Families
Bio-Centers
* 3723
* 19
Bio-Community Centers
*5
8:00 am selling fish at market
6
12:00 pm eating lunch at market
3 generate interaction by integrating various programs
17:00 pm cleaning booth
community
Markets
*1
7:00 am walking to dump I make crafts to support waste the family. I wish there are more 20:00 pm places close-by to sell my crafts shower at community and make some money. 19:00 pm center attending worshop 7:30 am shuttle bus to fish center
9 8
7
nakumatt
market
6 museum wetland
1 1
1
create network by connecting adjacent attractions
41
workshop/skill training
TRANSFORMING SoCCs TO MONETARY INCOME
5
4
We want a soccer field!
waste collection
storage
1
“I have unused land. I hope we can better use our land with things like agriculture and bio-generators.”
maintenance
shuttle bus
Not valid unless signed
6
1
a
“I have unused land. I hope we can better use our land with things like agriculture and biogenerators.”
shower room
spend
Bypass
iro
parking
Community with largest number of SoCCs could get priority in service provision by the government.
telephone
Na
1
I make crafts to support the family. I wish there are more places close-by to sell my crafts and make some money.
individual
Virtual Currency to Incentivize Invidual Contribution around the Community
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
commercial
public activity
community center
infrastructure
market education center museum hostel fish restaurant
pedestrian 6. 7. 8. 9.
education storage fish farming micropool - stormwater storage
Waste truck picks up organic waste twice a week, and recycled waste once a week
Free shuttle bus to run every 20 mins at peak hours* and every hour at non-peak hours *peak hour: 6:30 - 8:30 am 17:30 - 19:30 pm
18:30 pm shuttle bus to community center
earn
The vision of Generative Pooling is realized through the combination of built typologies and the collective involvement of the community incentivized through a social-capital credit system. Throughout the various phases of the project, we seek to incorporate community effort as a core element of the Generative Pooling system. The project offers opportunies for a community-wide waste-composting system, maintanence of fisheries and bio-centers, as well as participating in free skill-training programs. These efforts help the population of Manyatta earn social-capital credits - a form of currency that can be used to exchange for specific types of goods and services.
PRACTICE
Sou Fujimoto Architects 2015 In Illinois, I found a tremendous diďŹƒculty in deďŹ ning architecture, which only increased as my pursuit of it continued. In Columbia, I chose to embrace this paradoxical process, rather than seeking conclusions to my question.
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BEIJING CULTURAL CENTER SOU FUJIMOTO ARCHITECTS TIME:
SPRING 2015
TEAM:
YIBEI LIU, LIQUN TANG
ROLE:
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTATION, POST-PRODUCTION
SITE:
BEIJING, CHINA
MEDIUM:
RHINOCEROS, AUTOCAD, PHOTOSHOP
Date
Date
43
Rev.
Description
Description
Client
Design Institute
Project Name
Client Date
Rev.
Description
Client
43
1
A811
2
茶室剖面图 1:100
A811
细部设计一 1:20
A
4
A811
3
A811
细部设计三 1:20
1
茶室剖面图 1:100
3
细部设计二 1:20
A811
细部设计二 1:20
A811
1
A811
45
茶室剖面图 1:100
2
A811
细部设计一 1:20
4
A811
细部设计三 1:20
Design Institute
Drawn by Sheet Title
Project Name
比例尺:
Discipline
ARCH
Sheet No.
Stage
Rev.
Registration Stamp
Project Name
Release Stamp
2
A811
细部设计一 1:20
Invalid Unless Stamped
Drawn by Sheet Title
A
比例尺:
Discipline
Sheet No.
ARCH
Stage
Rev.
Registration Stamp
Release Stamp
Invalid Unless Stamped
46
B AM I Y AN C U LT UR A L C E NT E R TIME:
SPRING 2015
COLLABORATORS:
NICOLAS GUSTIN, MAXIME ROUSSE, LIQUN TANG
ROLE:
PRODUCTION, POST-PRODUCTION EDITING
SITE:
BAMIYAN, AFGHANISTAN
MEDIUM:
PHOTOSHOP, ILLUSTRATOR, RHINO
The recent years of instability in the region has deprived its people of the very human need to connect with their culture and their identity. With the introduction of the Bamiyan Cultural Center, the scheme seeks to involve the local community right from the get-go. Simple, easy to construct modules aggregate together to form an arrangement of courtyards, semi courtyards, and an assortment of private spaces reminiscent of the traditional Qawwal form. The Bamiyan Cultural Center grew from an outside idea, but it is meant to take shape through the hands of the local community, forming a deep sense of ownership with this prestigious project. With its massive shape fermly attached to the ground and its timeless «village» organization and construction techniques, the Bamiyan Cultural Center is a symbol of stability and durability after a decade of war and instability in Afghanistan. Sand, in its many shades of earth brown, from all around the region and its neighbouring areas are brought in to create the walls of the Bamiyan Cultural Centre, a potent symbol for the reunification of culture and identity under one roof. Just like the people of Afghanistan are multi-layered and complex, yet forming cultural bonds that transcend their differences, so are the layers of sand as they are rammed into the form of the Bamiyan Cultural Centre, rich in layers, forming a harmonious relationship with the land. Thick walls and roof mean that the building will act as a thermal mass, proven over ages in the local region to be effective against climate extremes. Furthermore, by creating a huge, stable structure on the lower site, we effectively create a wide plaza on the rooftop that extends from the upper site, allowing for easy future expansion. The buil develops through the hands of the local craftsmen, who in turn attract other locals, generating discussion and sparking ideas way before the building is complete. This discussion would in turn become the fuel that kick starts the Bamiyan Cultural Centre as a hub for the open sharing of ideas, culture, and the arts.
47
BAMIYAN CULTURAL CENTER
49
ALAKINE
SQUARE
Axis to Buddha Cliff
ing
ad Lo
Main corridor aligns with the view o f the “Buddha Cliff”, a religous site with signnificant historical significance. Starting from a simple rectangle, we saw the opportunity to form an axis that aligns the entire building toward the buddha cliff, thereby making the centre immediately relevant to the history of the region. The main entrance opens up into an uninterrupted view of the buddha cliffs, framing its largest cave for dramatic flair. 40
.00
.00
45
.50 .00 47 50 25 .50 25 52 25
HA
25 22 .50 25 25 .00 25 27 .50 25 30 .00 25 32 .50
25
BUDD
25
25 42 .50
253 5.0 25 0 37 .50
ess Acc AXIS
Technical Entrance Art Delivery
0
2555.5
15000.0000
GARZANDO
Y GUES THOUSE
Ramp - Public Access
Use of Traditional Courtyards
Simple modules aggregate to form an arrangement of courtyards, semi courtyards, and private spaces, forming a singular construct that grows out of the land. The modules are designed to be built by local craftsmen and artisans, thereby ensuring that the funds invested into regenerating the Bamiyan region go to its locals, reactivating its economy while fostering a sense of identity and ownership of the building.
N
From Qawwal to Cultural Center
Site Plan 49
The visitor would freely partake in the many activities that revolve around the courtyard space itself. By placing active, public programmes immediately adjacent to the courtyard, we infuse it with constant activity, which in turn attract more people to use the spaces.
+ 8.00
+/- 00.00
- 2.40
+ 8.00 + 8.00
+/- 00.00
- 2.40
+/- 00.00
- 2.40
Possible Expansion 1
Possible Expansion 2
Main Corridor View
50
Lo ing
ad s
es Acc
Technical Entrance Art Delivery
Ramp - Public Access
Performance Hall
+ 8.00
51
West Elevation
+/- 00.00
North Elevation
+ 8.00
+/- 00.00
- 2.40
Section AA + 8.00
Section BB
+/- 00.00
Typical Wall Section - 1/20
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OBSERVATION 2010 - 2011
You employ stone, wood and concretez, and with these materials you build houses and p`alaces. That is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good, I am happy and I say: "This is beautiful." That is Architecture. Art enters in. - Le Corbusier
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Made in China |
Sample Sketchwork
Summer 2009
A series of sketches made during and after my traveling to various locations in China, capturing displays of architecture, landscape, and sculptural works.
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55
Reections |
Sample Photography
2009, 2011
There is beauty in contrast, be it physical or ideological. Contrasting ideas compounded become a catalyst for contemplation, while clashing elements challenge our sense of perception when captured in their purest forms.
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57
58
thank you.