Restorative Justice Extending Empathy Workshop 2: DESIGN Rodger Watson, UTS - Designing Out Crime research centre* *Designing Out Crime is a collaboration between NSW Department of Justice and the University of Technology Sydney
TYPES OF PROBLEMS Well-defined vs Ill-defined (Simon 1973) Wicked problems (Rittel et al 1973) Policy disagreements vs policy controversies (Schon & Rein 1994) Open, dynamic, networked problems (Stacey 2000) Complicated vs Complex
MODES OF LOGIC What <>
How
<>
(actions)
(working principles)
Why (Values) (Dorst 2015)
LAYERS OF LEARNING
Actions > Practices > Reason for being (from Argyris & Schon 1978)
APPROACHES TO PROBLEMS Rational Problem Solving
Reflective Practice
SARA (evidence based approach) scan> analyse > respond > assess (Goldstein 1979)
Double & triple loop learning (Argyris & Schon 1978)
Divide & Conquer (engineering approach) map out a problem > break it sown in to elements > optimise current resources (the babylonians 200bc, )
Co-Evolution of problem and solution (Dorst & Cross 2001)
ASE analyse > synthesise > evaluate (Asimow 1962, Luckman 1969)
Framing (Schon 1984)
Vision in design (Hekkert 2011) Frame Innovation (Dorst 2015)
PROBLEM? If we limit ourselves to whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s been tried before then we really only ever (try to) solve part of the problem. e.g. optimisation of current approachesâ&#x20AC;Ś
PROBLEM SOLVING If the problem is approached as if it is a crime problem THEN the response can only ever be a police response IF the problem is approached through a new frame THEN the response can be open, engaging and can create new value
What <>
How
<>
(actions)
(working principles)
Why (Values) (Dorst 2015)
“To put it simply, abduction creates, deduction explains, and induction verifies.” (Hillen 2015)
FRAME Innovation (Dorst, 2015) archeology, paradox, context field, themes, frames, futures, transformation, integration
themes â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the deep human values that are held by those involved
’
Framing Kings Cross as a music festival
Model adapted from van der Brouwer & Dorst 2014
Model adapted from van der Brouwer & Dorst 2014
Model adapted from van der Brouwer & Dorst 2014
further reading
h"p://mitpress.mit.edu/books/frame-‐innova7on