E U Q I L O B
A social-engineered HOUSING SYSTEM
GIGI KWONG U19 The Bartlett School of Architecture | 2018
OB L I Q UE GIGI KWONG
TUTORS MOLLIE CLAYPOOL JEROEN VAN AMEIJDE
U19 | 2018 UCL, THE BARTLETT SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE 1
2
OB L I Q UE Oblique is a housing system to replace the vertical/horizontal spatial qualities of living spaces, which the inclined surfaces will be used to (1)define interpersonal hierarchies as well as (2)how our bodies physically experience a space. The kit of parts will be the binding agent of space and human to arrange the (1)domesticity and (2)activity, integrating programme, circulation and structure as a whole in one continuous landscape. More importantly the kit of parts will become the social engineering tool to push the social agenda in housing onto something unique that the inclined surfaces can only give. Today our housing stock is often manipulated by the developers to generate the maximum profit out of the minimum space requirements. These profit model failed to cater an economical friendly housing market as well as the social relationship between the inhabitants. Politically it also raises the question of the ownership of spaces, questioning whose the houses for — developers or ours? As such, Oblique aims to disrupt the existing economical model of “rooms oriented housing” used by the developers, challenge the political view of ownership between private and shared spaces, and re-conceive the social environment for the inhabitants in a housing. In the most conventional Western cultures, the notion of a house have long been conceived as dwelling spaces contain rooms that have different functions, such as bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms bathrooms etc. These rooms can be found in excavations site on Santorini, Greece at Akrotiri, where clearly defined rooms are used by the early Aegean dwelling about 2200 BC. Today the similar typologies are still being used, which in the UK developers often divide typical urban dwellings into 1,2,3 bedroom apartments. However these typologies often failed to cater personal preference, as the size, orientation and the porosity of the rooms are always prescriptive. Historically many examples have been trying to get away from having rooms in the dwelling, in the 70s the Metabolists created individual living capsules and shared spaces bounded by the capsules in a megastructure system, as seen at the Takara Beautilion. Or from the recent built House NA by Sou Fujimoto, which by eliminating the walls and dividing the spaces into floor plates varied in heights to allow a free flow between spaces. However the threshold between spaces in these examples are not really well defined, such as the justification of having public internal floor plates next to the private capsules at the Takara Beautilion, or the privacy relationship between two floor plates at the house NA are unclear in terms of programme. Oblique rips off the notion of rooms by having different levels of space, and bridge the split levels using inclined surfaces to create a gradual transition from one space to another. In 1907 Adolf Loos first applied the principle of the Raumplan (spatial plan) at the Villa Mueller, which embodies the notion of interconnected spaces of different functions by organising a sequence of stepped areas and rooms differentiated in height. Other examples such as Endless House by Friedrick Kiesler and Mobius House by UN Studio have also taken a step forward, tried to connect different programmes that responds to the flow of the occupants’ working and family lives, while integrating the surrounding and natural landscape in a highly bespoke manner. Oblique improves the idea by having discrete flat pieces that is able to create endless possibilities of split levels, joined together by inclined pieces varied in angles, in order to achieve a smooth and gradual transition from one space to another. It allows visual connection among different areas while keeping the individuality of programmes in different levels. With the differentiation of angles in the parts, a diversity of privacy, density and porosity can be achieved to design a site & personal specific dwellings, creating a continuous landscape using discrete building elements.
Oblique: 1. Neither parallel nor at right angles to a specified or implied lines; slanting. 2. Not expressed or done in a direct way, implicit. 3
LW
A2
T
A1VHT
A2VH A5VHW
A3VTW
A3VT
A5VW
A2VLW
A1VT
A4VL
A4VHW
A VHT 4
A2VL A1VTW
A3: 44.49o
c li Re
nin
os gP
ng eA tur
A3VW
A4VTW
A4: 52.26
le A1VW
os
A2VTWng P
R
xi ela
le ng eA tur
A VHT A5VH
A5: 64.35o
A2VT A
5
A1VH
A4VW
A3 A3VH
A1
A5VHT
A4
VH =AVatiation in Height 2 V
A5VTW
W
A3VHW
A4VT
2
A4VH
A3VHT A2
A1VHT
A2VH
VHW
A5VHW
A5VW
A3VTW
A4VHW
A4VHT A1VTW
o AV2:W 31.62 = Vatiation in Width
A2VHW
ia xil Au
S ry
s tep
gle An
A3: 44.49o
c li Re
nin
ng eA tur os gP
A3VW
A4: 52.26
le
A1VW
re stu
A4VTW
A5: 64.35o
gle An
o
A2Vn gP TW
i lax
A VHT 2
A1VH
A4VW
Re
A5VH
A3VH A2VW
A3VHW
A5VTW
A4VH A1VHT A2VH
A1VHW
A5VHW
A3VTW
A VHW 4
A1VTW
6o
le ng sA tep
Ap
ar
A2: 31.62o VW = Vatiation in Width A VHW 2
tS en tm
ia xil Au
S ry
sA tep
le ng
A3: 44.49o
c li Re
nin
g
g An re stu Po
A4VTW
A4: 52.26
le
A5: 64.35o
le ng
o
A2gVP TW
in lax
Re
A re stu
A5VTW
A3VHW
A1VHW
A5VHW
A3VTW
A VHW 4
A1VTW
A1: 16.56o
Th
sA ep St tre ea
le ng sA tep
le ng Ap
a
A2: 31.62o
tS en r tm
A2VHW le g
yS iar
sA tep
4
s tep eS atr
xil Au
c li Re
le ng sA tep
gle An Ap
g An re
n
A1: 16.56o
e Th
A3: 44.49o
ar
tS en tm
nin
le
A4VTW
A4: 52.26
tu os gP
in lax
os gP
Re
A2: 31.62o
ia xil Au
S ry
le ng sA tep
eA tur
le ng
A5: 64.35o
A VTW 2
A3: 44.49o
c li Re
nin
g
g An re stu Po
le
A4: 52.26
in lax
Re
CONTENTS
5
SIMPLE CONTINUITIES
20
HOUSE WITHOUT ROOMS
32
KIT OF PARTS
ASSEMBLY
48
_SMALL CLUSTERS
60
_LOW RISE SPRAWL
76
_TOWERS
5
6
S IM P LE C ON T I N U I T IES
7
1 ACTIVE COMMUNAL INVOLVEMENT Whatever kind of society we live in, it is important for the anarchist to push forward those approaches to personal and social needs which depend on popular initiatives and which postulate alternatives to dependency on capitalism and the state.
THE WASN’T A SINGLE COUNCIL HOUSE IN BRITAIN IN 2000S, PRIVATE LANDLORDS HAD COMPLETE MONOPOLY OF ALL RENTED DWELLINGS, LEAD THE GLASGOW RENT STRIKE IN 1915
IN 1921, A DETERMINED ACTION OF THE WORKERS THEMSELVES FORCED THE AUTHORITIES TO PROVIDE HOUSES, OUTSIDE THE RATHAUS IN VIENNA CARRYING BANNERS
VIENNA’S DIY COMMUNITIES WERE THE MOST WIDESPREAD EXAMPLE OF PHYSICAL SELF-HELP IN HOUSING IN THE 20TH CENTURY
NOWADAYS, FOR INSTANCE IN HONG KONG, THE HIGH RENT CONTROLLED BY THE DEVELOPERS HAS LEAD TO MANY WORKING CLASS CRAMMED INTO A DWELLING LIKE THE SIZE OF COFFINS.
BUREAUCRAT
Give us land, wood, and stone, and we will make bread out of it!
CITIZEN
SHIFTING OF INVOLVEMENT
2 THE SHIFT FROM CONSUMERS TO PROSUMERS Across the East & West, there is a increase of the needs of the experimental housing, this case studies will examine a series of experimental housing in different eras, especially in Japan and Germany, testing the idea of turning the personal needs of dwelling/spaces from being a pure consumers to prosumers.
WULFEN - MetaStadt, 1974 TOKYO - House NA, 2012 OSAKA - Takara Beautilion, 1970
8
MUNICH - m-ch, 2005
3 THE SHIFT FROM STANDARDISATION TO CUSTOMISATION Examples in this case study will also investigate shifts within the history of design and technology utilised in the manufacturing of building components and their assembly into building systems. Components and systems that were once mechanised, standardised, and discrete can now be more integrated, customised and adaptable.
from standardised components chosen from a catalogue to customised components generated from scratch. NOTATIONAL SYSTEMS
BUILDING COMPONENTS
from construction documents to file to factory, from interpretation & translation to instruction for assembly.
from mechanical stamped/moulded processes and technologies to computer numerically controlled process and technologies.
PARADIGM SHIFTS CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
from discrete analogical two dimensional drafting to computer aided 3D modelling.
FABRICATION PROCESS
from discrete phasing and back end approaches to integrated collaboration front end approaches.
DESIGN TOOLS
4 SYSTEM & HIERARCHY 4 different types of dwellings of different scales across Japan and Germany are analysed, they all share a similar system and hierarchy of building elements, however all of them are executed in different approaches to meet varies need.
1970
1980
1990
TAKARA BEAUTILION PAVILION OSAKA EXPO 70’, JAPAN KISHO KURAKAWA
METASTADT WULFEN, GERMANY Richard J. Dietrich
MICRO COMPACT HOUSE MUNICH, GERMANY RICHARD HORDEN
2000
HOUSE NA TOKYO, JAPAN SOU FUJIMOTO
9
TAKARA BEAUTILION PAVILION The four-floor framework of the upper structure is composed of steel pipes, forming. It forms a tree structure stretching out in all directions. This structure is characterized with its potential to extend, or replicate horizontally and vertically depending on necessity.
1 A SYSTEM OF METABOLISM An investigation of structure, whether a structure can expand, shrink, or reduce depending on necessity, in other words, a search for architecture of Metabolism is suggested.
LIFT SHAFT
PRE-FAB STEEL COMPONENT
FLOOR PLATE
The upper structure was fully prefabricated and it took only 6 days to build, this picture shows the structure with bamboo scaffolding.
CAPSULE PART TYPE - B
CAPSULE PART TYPE - A STRUCTURAL GRID AGGREGATION
2 CUSTOMISED CAPSULE DEPTH Without the change of the internal floor plate size, personal space within the capsule, i.e. the capsule floor area can be doubled when it is needed, while the structural grid and communal space remain unchanged.
ARRANGEMENT USING CAPSULE PART TYPE - A+C
ARRANGEMENT USING CAPSULE PART TYPE - B
PERSONAL SPACE AREA: 4410m2
PERSONAL SPACE AREA: 7140m2
NARROW CORRIDOR
PLAN
THERE IS ALSO TYPE C (HALF CUBE) WHICH FORMED A SEMI PRIVATE SPACE WITH THE INTERNAL COURTYARD.
10
THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF CAPSULE UNIT, HERE IT SHOWS TYPE A AND B, WHICH TYPE B IS EXTENDED TO HAVE BIGGER PERSONAL SPACE.
INSIDE THE BEAUTILION VARIES CAPSULE HAS DIFFERENT PURPOSE, EACH INDIVIDUAL UNIT HAS IT’S OWN FUNCTION, IT FORMS A THE ACROSS EACH FLOOR.
3 VERTICAL HIERARCHY BETWEEN CAPSULES Due to the free movement of capsules inside the structural frame, by pushing the capsule unit inward, a hierarchy of “steps” can be created, allowing more external usable space within each unit, e.g. balcony.
REGULAR ARRANGEMENT
“STEP” ARRANGEMENT CREATING BALCONIES
IRREGULAR ARRANGEMENT BUMPS
“INVERTED STEP” ARRANGEMENT CREATING SHADES
ELEVATION
4 EXTENT OF METABOLISM Although in another project MetaStadt has a similar idea of metabolism on the building that can continue to expand or shrink, they have completely different approaches that lead to their end results.
TAKARA BEAUTILION
METASTADT EVEN IN THE MODEL SHOWN AT EXPO’70 OSAKA, THE TRANSPARENT STRUCTURE SUGGESTED A TEMPORARY SYSTEM THAT CAN BE CUSTOMISED OVER TIME. THE OPEN CONNECTION HINTED IT CAN BE ADDED ON MORE STRUCTURE AND CAPSULES AFTERWARDS.
OPEN ENDED STRUCTURE
THE STRUCTURE CAN BE EASILY MOUNT/DISMOUNT FROM THE OUTSIDE, SO IT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO CUSTOMISED VERY EFFECTIVELY, CAN FULLY ACHIEVE KUROKAWA’S IDEAL OF METABOLISM.
TEMPORARY CAPSULE
ALTHOUGH THE IDEA WAS VERY CRITICAL THAT THE STRUCTURE CAN EXPAND THROUGH STANDARDISED ELEMENTS, THE EXECUTION OF THE PROJECT IS NO DIFFERENT FROM TRADITIONAL STEEL FRAME CONSTRUCTION, LEAD TO IT’S FINAL FATE OF DESTRUCTION.
CLOSE ENDED STRUCTURE
COMPLETE ENCLOSED FACADE
HOWEVER THIS SYSTEMS IS COMPLETELY COVERED BY THE ENVELOPE, IT IS DIFFICULT TO MODIFY OR REPAIR FROM THE OUTSIDE, CREATE MAJOR PROBLEMS IN THE INTERIOR.
11
METASTADT It was designed by architects Richard J. Dietrich and Bernd Steigerwald in the 1960s, as a response to the urban sprawl of cities which appeared to be growing at an alarming rate. It was a modernist utopia, designed to be built over existing urban spaces, by incorporating highways, parking, and could bridge over existing highways.
1 META-CITY The system is located within a rigid modular grid 4.2m x 4.2m and 3.6m in height. Each module could be open and connected, or separated using moveable and interchangeable walls, ceilings, and façade systems, all of which could be altered to allow for maximum flexibility and future growth.
MODULAR STRUCTURAL GRID
The original scheme is a much bigger cluster of the unit. However due to budget concern only one part has been built.
PRE-FAB STEEL COMPONENT A (CENTRE)
PRE-FAB STEEL COMPONENT A’ (SIDE)
MODULAR FACADE SYSTEM
FLATTEN ELEVATION
2 MAXIMUM FLEXIBILITY The load-bearing modular grid steel structure enables the V panels to be kept independent. So that the facade panels can be fully customised. It is based on a small set of interchangeable parts with a vertical and horizontal module of 0.3m, allowing maximum flexibility of porosity for the occupants.
WINDOW KITS
ALUMINIUM PANEL KITS
CUSTOMISABLE COMBINATIONS
12
3.3m x 3.3m FACADE MODULE
THE FACADE SYSTEM WAS HELD POSITIONS BY ‘PUSH BUTTONS’.
IN
3 UNIT AGGREGATION The original unit aggregation forms a continuous enclosed envelope of a building, preventing it from metabolism, a variant of the original unit arrangement is proposed to allow a continuous growth of the system.
ORIGINAL AGGREGATION
PROPOSED AGGREGATION
UNIT
DUPLICATE
ARRAY
ARRAY WITH GAP
STACK
STACK
ENCLOSED SYSTEM
OPEN SYSTEM POSSIBLE TO GROW
4 SYSTEM/ENCLOSURE HIERARCHY Both the Metastadt and the micro compact house consists of the main “cubic” element, however their material and functional arrangement of the system and the enclosure are quite distinct from each other. METASTADT
MICRO COMPACT HOUSE
ENVELOPE
CONTAINED UNIT
HIDDEN GRID
EXPOSED STRUCTURE
FOR THE METASTADT, ONE CANNOT SEE THE GRID SYSTEM AS IT IS HIDDEN FROM THE CUBIC ENVELOPE. MAKING IT HARDER TO UNDERSTAND THE STRUCTURAL LOGIC BEHIND.
IT IS VERY CLEAR THAT FOR THE MICRO COMPACT HOUSE THE ‘CUBIC’ UNIT IS HELD BY A STEEL STRUCTURAL ELEMENT, WHICH SEEM TO BE VERY EASY TO BE MODIFIED INTO DIFFERENT USES FOR DIFFERENT TERRAINS.
13
MICRO COMPACT HOUSE The m-ch, combines techniques for high quality compact ‘living’ spaces deployed in aircraft, yachts, cars, and micro apartments. Its design has been informed by the classic scale and order of a Japanese tea house, combined with advanced concepts and technologies. Living in an m-ch means focusing on the essential - less is more.
1 COMPACT LIVING The micro compact home is a high quality compact dwelling for one or two people. Its neat dimensions of a 2.66m cube adapt it to a variety of sites and circumstances, and its functioning spaces of sleeping, working/dining, cooking and hygiene make it suitable for everyday use.
ALUMINIUM EXTERIOR
PVC INTERIOR INCLUDING: two compact double beds sitting area sliding table for work dinning table up to five shower toilet cubicle kitchen area fridge and freezer unit microwave tree-bin wase double induction hob sink and extending tap heating hot water air-conditioning two flat-screen tvs LED lighting shirt cupboard storage
The light weight module can fit at most 5 people at a time, it is also easy to transport the module using car or helicopter. ALUMINIUM EXTERIOR
OPEN-ABLE WINDOW WITH BLIND
SUPPORT SYSTEM TYPE A
2 CUSTOMISED USAGE OF MULTI-PURPOSE SPACE The interior has several smart furniture which users can customise the space to fit different needs. Such as a fold-able bed and sliding dining table, as well as sliding glass door to enclose a bigger toilet space.
ARRANGEMENT A: OPENED SLIDING DOOR UNFOLDED BED
ARRANGEMENT B: CLOSED SLIDING DOOR FOLDED BED
ENTRANCE HALL
KITCHEN
TOILET
FULL TOILET
UPPER BED
LOWER BED
14
FULL HEIGHT WORKING/ DINING SPACE
3 MULTIPLE SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES The module can be supported in a few examples of support system, each of them has it’s own unique advantages for different terrains.
TYPE - A SINGLE ENTRANCE
TYPE - A’ OPEN-ENDED ENTRANCE DOUBLE IN SIZE
TYPE - B SINGLE STORY HIERARCHY
TYPE - B’ MULTIPLE STORIES HIERARCHY UNOBSTRUCTED VIEWS
TYPE - C SINGLE DIRECTION OF ENTRANCES
TYPE - C’ MULTIPLE DIRECTION OF ENTRANCES CENTRAL COMMUNAL SPACE
4 FREE VERTICAL ARRANGEMENT OF UNITS/PLATES Similarly, both the tree village of micro compact house and house NA share a same characteristic that the unit/floor plate is designed to be freely insert from any vertical point from the structure. MICRO COMPACT HOUSE
HOUSE NA
THERE IS NO RULE OF WHERE THE UNIT CAN BE INSERTED IN THE STRUCTURE, AS LONG AS IT STAYS ON THE VERTICAL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS.
ALTHOUGH THE FLOOR PLATES OF HOUSE NA IS FIXED DURING A CERTAIN HEIGHT, IT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO AGGREGATE THE FLOOR PLATE IN THE VERTICAL DIRECTION LIMITLESSLY.
15
HOUSE NA The NA House, designed by Sou Fujimoto , is located on a small side street in a very lively, “hip” part of the city. Fujimoto’s NA House appears to be the most fully realised example along his obsessive path of trying to create an entirely inhabitable contoured environment.
1 DYNAMIC LIVING The building is based on a thin, split-level steel frame and represents a fully realised version of a home without stairs. As a result, every horizontal plane becomes a generic surface. Without a specifically defined function, they can be used as a desk, shelf, bed, chair, etc., extolling the Japanese custom of sitting and sleeping on the floor in a manner that is so pervasive.
STEEL COLUMN
In the context of Japan’s extremely dense capital, verticality means above all extremely close, the transparent facade is a radical means to collect the maximum sunlight.
There is still a group of steps, which has been treated as a piece of “furniture” that can be moved about and repositioned elsewhere, effectively creating the illusion of multiple interior pathways.
STANDARDISED FLOOR PLATES
BACK SERVICE CORE
MOVABLE FURNITURE
2 FLOOR PLATE CODES The design might look confusing because of the fragmented floor plate, however they are actually divided into a few different arrangement of standardised items, while customised differently to create a sense of illusion.
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
x3 x2
x2 x2
x3
x3 x3
x3
x2
06
16
A
01
D
B
08
3 CUSTOMISED VERTICAL|HORIZONTAL ELONGATION Although the original building is a family house, it also has the potential to grow in both vertical and horizontal direction. Due to the nature of the fragmented floor plates, the building unit is not just simply “stacked” on top of the other, but can also be customised into different levels of spaces. ORIGINAL HOUSE NA
VERTICAL ELONGATION APARTMENT
4850 x 7400 mm 2 STORIES NEIGHBOUR
HORIZONTAL+ VERTICAL ELONGATION MIX-USE
4850 x 7400 mm
9700 x 7400 mm
(1.5x2) 3 STORIES NEIGHBOUR
(2.5x2) 5 STORIES NEIGHBOUR
4 CUSTOMISED TRANSPARENCY/ TEMPORARY SPACE Both House NA and Takara Beautilion have measures of controlling the transparency of the system. Their purpose is slightly different according to their needs.
HOUSE NA
TAKARA BEAUTILION
CURTAINS ARE ADDED ALONG THE GRID THROUGHOUT THE HOUSE, APART FROM CONTROLLING THE TRANSPARENCY, IT CAN ALSO USED AD DIVIDING TEMPORARY SPACE IN THE HOUSE.
FILLED PANEL IS USED TO BLOCK EMPTY HOLE OF THE SYSTEM, ENCLOSING THE INNER COMMUNAL SPACE.
17
DELINEATING SPACE BY HEIGHT & WIDTH From the case studies, conclusions are drawn based on questioning the notion of a grid, whether is restraining or liberating. It is clear that in Micro compact house and House NA, they are far more radical than Takara Pavilion and Metestadt, as the system is beyond the restrain of the grid.
1 GRID IS NO LONGER RESTRAINING In the tree village, the grid allows freedom to the occupants, user can choose to readjust the module according to their needs. You can pull up, rotate or even detach the unit. As long as the module is attached to the vertical structure, there will be no “floor” needed to define the vertical hierarchy.
STRUCTURAL GRID
READJUST HEIGHT NO MORE VERTICAL HIERARCHY
READJUST ANGLE
DETATCH
2 A LIBERATING GRID For House NA, the grid is a tool to liberate the user and their environment. It plays with the game of psychology or transparency. The grid only serves as a system to contain the axis x,y and z. Solid elements only appear in x and y direction.
X-AXIS
NO WALL ON XZ-PLANE NO MORE HORIZONTAL HIERARCHY
Y-AXIS
STRUCTURAL GRID
FLOOR PLATE XY-PLANE
Z-AXIS
REFERENCE POINT
18
TIME & PROXIMITY OF A GRID A grid is a structure made up of a series of intersecting straight (vertical, horizontal and angular) or curved guide lines used to structure content and elements. From the case study the grid will be thought beyond it’s 2 and 3 dimensional nature.
1 FROM 2D GRID TO 3D GRID Often a 2D grid is restrained by certain parameters, i.e. the boundary of a blank space, by adding one more axis to the system and turn to 3D, it’s finite boundary will become infinite.
XY-AXIS
FINITE 2D GRID
XYZ-AXIS
ADDING ONE MORE AXIS
INFINITE 3D GRID
2 BEYOND 3 DIMENSIONS A 4-dimensional grid can be created by adding one more axis to the 3-dimensional system. Here this axis is denoted as w, represents the variable of time. The grid from this system can be adapted to a change of time.
XYZW-AXIS TIME VARIABLE 4D GRID
SAME ELEMENT BUT APPEARS/ FUNCTIONS DIFFERENTLY IN TIME
19
20
HO
US E
TH O WI
UT
O RO
MS
21
Sales Price of Housing in Greater London
AVERAGE SALES PRICE (£PSF) 1 BEDROOM FLATS >£1,000 £900-£1,000 £800-£900 £700-£800 £600-£700 £500-£600 £400-£500 £300-£400 £200-£300 <£200
Housing Price Index
Housing Price Along Central Line
950 6
170
5
4
3
2
1
2
3
4 5
6
760 PRICE PER WTEEK (£)
HOUSE PRICE INDEX
150
190
570
380
110 190
PRIVATE RENTAL INDEX, LONDON
HOUSE PRICE INDEX, GB
HOUSE PRICE INDEX, LONDON
22
DEBDEN
LOUGHTON
WOODFORD
BUCKHURST HILL
LEYTON
SPUTH WOODFORD
STRATFORD
LEYTONSTONE
SNARESBROOK
BANK
MILE END
ST. PAULS
BETHNAL GREEN
LIVERPOOL STREET
HOLBORN
CHANCERY LANE
OCFORD CIRCUS
QUEENSWAY
BOND STREET
MARBLE ARCH
LANCASTER GATE
NOTTING HILL GATE
HOLLAND PARK
WHITE CITY
The main goal of the scheme is to provide an affordable housing to young adults living in London, especially to reclaim zone 1 for them to disrupt the existing developer’s driven housing stock.
CHEPHERD’S BUSH
PERIVALE
EAST ACTON
NORTH ACTON
GREENFORD
WEST RUISLIP
NORTHHOLT
WEST RUISLIP
SOUTH RUISLIP
RUISLIP GARDEN
2017
Extreme Housing Rate in Zone 1
TPTTENHAM COURT ROAD
PRIVATE RENTAL INDEX, GB
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
90
1
Voxalise the site Overshadowed
Connection Voxel
Hybrid Grid
Green View
Noise
Light
Parameter Voxel
Access point
Vista
Approaching good parameter
2
Path-ďŹ nding
3
Plug in the pieces
Avoiding bad parameter
Simplified System of Production The system responds to the site criteria to create the main circulation, after that the pre-assembled dwelling unit is plugged into the circulation acts as a sub assembly space.
23
A Co-housing for Young Entrepreneurs A future housing scheme to gather the passionate and innovate peeps to create a local start-up ecosystem to encourage exchanging ideas.
Play Fun work environmenr to stimulate team development & team spirit & encourage creativity
Work Inspiring workspaces that ďŹ&#x201A;ex to changing needs to enable collaboration & creation
Live Smart living areas that act as community hub to circulate and test ideas around the corner
24
A House without walls...? How to create a house without walls to encourage ideas exchanging among young entrepreneurs by co-living, working and playing?
Introduce “Oblique” to create...
Fluidity in Circulation
Shared Spaces around Traffic
Connect multiple spaces with different hierarchies , enables seamless movements from private space to public space in order to encourage social interaction.
Integrate co-working, living and playing spaces into circulation, where inhabitants can join with the others in the spaces along the path.
Multiple Programmes Introduce discrete programmes in a single continuous landscape using the same syntax of inclined surface, with multiple angles to differentiate their functions.
25
Le Corbuiser Freeplan
House 2017 - Room Oriented
Adolf Loos
Gigi 2018 - Split Level
Raumplan
Oblique
Freeplan & Raumplan The free plan & Raumplan are two completely ideas on space design, one is driving from the column while the other is driving from the space. By taking both advantages, Oblique seeks to disrupt the â&#x20AC;&#x153;room oriented housingâ&#x20AC;? to the split level housing 26
The Function of Oblique Claude Parentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Oblique function is the starting point to push the social agenda using inclined surfaces. The Oblique will further develop this idea to differentiate interpersonal hierarchy as well as activities using the kit of parts with multiple angles. 27
The Threshold Between Flats The flats are designed as unclosed so that they can interact with the surroundings, blurring the boundary between me and you, or create internal community within a few flats. 28
A System of Creating Social Surveillance & A Continuous Landscape Using different arrangements of the chunks. spaces like inward facing flats might be benefits for certain types of typology. A continuous space can also be created by arranging the chunks as a slope. 29
30
31
32
KI
T
OF
PA RT
S
33
Form Exploration via Diagonal Relationship In order to break through a traditional cartesian cubic grid, a diagonal is introduced within the cube to create a tetrahedron. Then the geometrical form is dissected to create a variety of forms. 34
1st Generation of Parts Dissected from a Tetrahedron
35
36
Elongation
Same Faces
Male & Female
Attaching
faces connected through a single direction
Different chunks can be connected using a same face
Chunks can be connected through a male & female joint
Small chunks can be overlying on a bigger chunk through the
Direction Changing
Multiplying
Nesting
Stepping
Using an angle chunk to change the direction of the component
Using similar chunks to create a flat surface
A chunk designed to be nested within another chunk.
Chunk is designed to create multiple levels.
Iteration 1
Iteration 2
Stepped Roof
Continuous Staircase
X9
X27
X27
X27
X6
X8
X6
X3
Iteration 3
Internal Dwelling
X2
X2
X7
X2
X3
X2
X6
X66
Volumetric Exploration of the Parts Different arrangements and aggregation of the parts are tested in different scenarios, such as roof, circulation and floor, to explore the spatial characteristics of different forms.
37
A PART
38
B PART
C PART
D PART
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
Interchangeable Parts for Individual Needs Small-size chunk is used for personal little moments, each space is dedicated for a specific type of activity, such as reading, working, brushing, eating, etc. Component within each chunk is replaceable to fit individual requirements. 39
folded plastic envelope
poured concrete for extra stability
folded plastic pin joint
Fabrication Concept 40
Folded plastic sheet | Poured concrete
creates void to look up
creates void to look down
continuous landscape
multiple directions of growth
41
42
Beijing Tea House, Kengo Kuma
Water Branch House, Kengo Kuma
Polyethylene structure , Polycarbonate Sheet
PET, Water
Translucent materiality to Blur the Threshold The initial response to the case studies is to blur the boundary between the residents by introducing new kind of materiality to them. The use of translucent material can enhance the interaction within the community while providing sufficient privacy to individual.
43
44
Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s all about Internal The oblique creates internal space with different levels, giving residents a new spatial arrangements of territory to provide a variation of spaces.
45
A5VHL A3VHL A1VHL
VL = Vatiation in Length
A4VHL
A5VLT
A2VHL
A3VLT A1VLT
A4VLT A2VLT
A5VLW
A3VLW
A5VL A3VL
A VLW 1
A1VL
A4VLW
A5VT A3VT
A2VLW
A1VT
A4VL
A4VT
A2VL A2VT A5 A3 A1
VL = Vatiation in Thickness
A4
VH = Vatiation in Height A2
A5VW
A3VW A5VH
A1VW
A1VH
A4VW
A3VH A2VW
A5VHT A4VH
A3VHT A1VHT
A2VH
A4VHT A2VHT
VW = Vatiation in Width
A5VTW
A3VHW
A VHW 1
A5VHW
A3VTW
A4VHW A1VTW
A4VTW
A2VHW A2VTW
A1: 16.56o
Th
sA ep St tre ea
le ng sA tep
le ng Ap
a
tS en r tm
A2: 31.62o t yS iar
sA ep
le ng
xil Au
Kit of Parts 46
Variation in parameters
A3: 44.49o g An re
in
clin Re
le
A4: 52.26
tu os gP
in lax
Re
os gP
eA tur
le ng
A5: 64.35o
7.6%
187%
87.3%
50.6%
15.4%
23.5%
23.5%
15.4%
50.6%
87.3%
187%
7.6%
0%
Base Parts
Base Parts
Variations - Basic Human Ergonomics
0%+187%
Variations - Privacy of Spaces
187%+0% Privacy level : 4 0%+187%+0%+0%
0%+87.3%
87.3%+0%
Privacy level : 3 0%+0%+187%+0% 0%+50.6%
50.6%+0%
Orientations
Orientations 0%+23.5%
Privacy level : 2 0%+23.5%+0%+0%
0%+15.4%
Privacy level : 1 0%+0%+23.5%+0%
0%+7.6%
Base Parts
Base Parts
Variations - Interpersonal Activities
Variations - Space Porosity
Live+work 23.5%+187% Porosity to normal : 50% Horizontal Porosity : 30% 23.5% / 23.5% Live+work 87.3%+187%
Orientations
Circulation+Quiet 50.6%+187%
Porosity to normal : 70% Horizontal Porosity : 70%
Orientations
23.5% / -23.5%
Auditorium 23.5%+187%
Meet 50.6%+50.6%
Porosity to normal : 60% Horizontal Porosity : 50% Contemplate 187%+50.6%
187% x 2+(-87.3%) / -87.3%+187%
Quiet 187%+23.5%
Porosity to normal : 70%/50% Horizontal Porosity : 70%/30% -87.3%+187%/ 187% Long Circulation 506%+50.6%
Work+work 187%+187%
Variation in Architectural Condition Using multiple angles the kit of parts can create a range of architectural condition as a tool to drive the design of a space for a certain condition of social agendas, giving different interpersonal hierarchies and activities to a specific condition of requirement.
47
48
SM
A
LL
C
S LU
R TE
S
49
Micro Home Plan 1:500
50
The Flat for Life Plan 1:500
51
1
x4
2
A 1 A 3
A 2
3
x2
2
1
6
x2
C 1
B 2
A 4
2
A 4
5
x3
A 4
1 A 1
4
7
8
B 4
C 2
9
B 5
4
B 3
6
C 3
10
C 4
B 1
9
8
5
7
11
B 3
x2
14
12
C 2
3 B 2
B 1 B 2
C 2
5
13
4
C 5
C 1
4
C 2
B 4
15
B 5
11
B 2
10
16
15
13
14 D 3
D 4
12
D 5
13
17 TYPE-A 1 PROPORTION LEVELS VISUAL ENCLOSURE PRIVACY CONNECTIVITY
Building Manual The idea is to provide a easy to read manual to the residents to cut down the labour cost for the builders. Ideally the scheme will be built using robotic technology while this manual will provide an easy understanding on how the flat is assembled. 52
TYPE-B 1
TYPE-C 1
STUDY SPACE SLEEPING SPACE
ENTRANCE LIVING SPACE DINING SPACE
PROPORTION
PROPORTION
LEVELS
LEVELS
VISUAL
VISUAL
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
PRIVACY
LIVING SPACE
ENTRANCE
PRIVACY
CONNECTIVITY
DINGINS SPACE
CONNECTIVITY
KITCHEN
STUDY SPACE SLEEPING SPACE TOILET
TYPE-B 2
TYPE-B 3
TYPE-B 4
TYPE-C 2
TYPE-C 3
TYPE-C 4
PROPORTION
PROPORTION
PROPORTION
PROPORTION
PROPORTION
PROPORTION
LEVELS
LEVELS
LEVELS
LEVELS
LEVELS
LEVELS
VISUAL
VISUAL
VISUAL
VISUAL
VISUAL
VISUAL
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
PRIVACY
PRIVACY
PRIVACY
PRIVACY
PRIVACY
PRIVACY
CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY
TYPE-D 1
KITCHEN SPACE SLEEPING SPACE DINING SPACE
TYPE-E 1
LIVING SPACE OPEN KITCHEN
PROPORTION
STUDY SPACE
LEVELS
PROPORTION LEVELS
VISUAL
VISUAL
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
ENTRANCE
PRIVACY
SLEEP SPACE
PRIVACY
LIVING SPACE
CONNECTIVITY
STUDY SPACE
CONNECTIVITY
STUDY SPACE
TOILET
TYPE-D 2
TYPE-D 3
TYPE-D 4
TYPE-E 2
TYPE-E 3
TYPE-E 4
PROPORTION
PROPORTION
PROPORTION
PROPORTION
PROPORTION
PROPORTION
LEVELS
LEVELS
LEVELS
LEVELS
LEVELS
LEVELS
VISUAL
VISUAL
VISUAL
VISUAL
VISUAL
VISUAL
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
ENCLOSURE
PRIVACY
PRIVACY
PRIVACY
PRIVACY
PRIVACY
PRIVACY
CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY
CONNECTIVITY
53
Internal Spatial Exploration Different types of space are tested with different arrangements of chunks to give a variety of spatial quality. For examples some of the space are raised/sheltered/dropped to suggest a variety of privacy options. 54
working TYPE A
sleeping TYPE A workspace index | 3 interact index | 3
comfotable index | 5 privacy index | 2
sleeping TYPE B
workspace index | 2 interact index | 4
comfotable index | 4 privacy index | 3
working TYPE B
sleeping TYPE C
working TYPE C
comfotable index | 2 privacy index | 5
workspace index | 2 interact index | 5
55
56
Privacy through Levels The privacy for each space is solved through levels but not walls. There will be literally no wall in the scheme. Some space can see the others but some cannot. Disrupting the concept of visibility = privacy.
57
Co-w ork i
ng
ster Clu
TOILET
CO-WORKING SPACE
SHARED SLEEPING SPACE
It is put at the top most
Working space shared
Bunkbed styled sleep-
area
among
and
furtherd
others,
ing space for 4. Located
the
which connected to the
at nect to the co-work-
pushed
from
the
space,
biggest sleeping space
ing space for casual
blocking the sightline
for quicker access for
meeting as well.
from
the people sleep there.
wo-working the
public
circulations.
2x
8x
4x
2
Comm un al
L
e cap ds n a
COMMUNAL KITCHEN
LIVING SPACE
RELAX SPACE
Shared diningg space
The
surface
Individual living space
that is connected to the
that can accommodate
has a multi-purpose
that is sunken in a
communal kitchen to
quick or slow eating
landscape
level, designed for the
encourage
the
preference by having
informal
stay
multiple heights coun-
adjacent
together these activi-
ter
entrance to as the ďŹ rst
entrance,
ties,.
dinning island.
meeting
limited sight line from
living
occupants
to
top
kitchen
&
inclined
PRIVATE LIVING SPACE
space
Shared
to
allow
meeting, to point
the for
residents.
10 x
58
8x
interovert quick
to
have
access
from
also
have
the public.
16 x
1x
5 1
Semi-Private Space
4
3
Private Space
ace Sp
Mult ipu rp
3
Break -o ut
1
2 Shared Space
DOUBLED SLEEPING SPACE
BREAKY-OUT SPACE
Shared sleep space for
Break-out space locat-
extroverts, meet your
ed one level lower than
best
here!
the co-working space
Located next to break
buddy
for a little time-out.
out space to initiate
Equipped with balcony
conversation.
for fresh air!
2x
6x
pace eS s o
CASUAL HOT DESKING
MIX-USED WORKSHOP
Calsual meeting space
Mixed-use space for
for people who refer a
multipurpose
lquiter space to meet.
ties. Flexible for work-
Ideal to talk to your
shop, yoga space etc.
crush here!
Exposed to the second-
activi-
ary circulation ideal for shared activities.
4x
2x
4 5
Semi -P riv
ce Spa e at
KIDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S AREA
SHARED SLEEPING SPACE
Semi private space for
Sleeping
the kids so that care
couple who needs extra
can be taken to look
privacy as the space is
after
screened
them.
Access
space
from
for
the
from communal Kitch-
semi-private spaces as
en to allow quick access
well as stairs.
for everybody in case of emergency.
8x
2x
59
60
L OW
R I SE
S PR
AW L
61
62
63
C
A
F
micro-community embeded staircases
B
E closed face towards street
G
D
inward-facing openings
double height public space
I multiple accesses
B
+
ld chi
C
fo r
F
le up co
H
s
ce pa
I
Organisational Strategies of the Mega Chunk The building chunk is organised through a series of intellectual strategy to place the bestfit chunk to a position so that a systematic approach of design can be achieved through some basic principles. 64
D
G
1-Bed roo m
a
Comm un al
Public caf ef
ple peo 10 or
le up
Studio for a
ily fam all sm
fo r
E
pet
2-Bed roo m
le + up co
1-Bed roo m
a
om
Duple x fo ra
Doupl ex for a
m
c
e pl ou
co
A
n rso pe le
fo r
Studio for sin g
H
Private Public
TALLER UNIT
5
x4
CONNECTED ROOF
INTERNAL LANDSCAPE
DOUBLE HEIGHT UNIT
EXTRA UNIT
GROUND FLOOR AXIS
C 1
C 2
1
C 3
2
C 4
C 5
3
4
C 6
C 7
C 7
5
C 4
x4
C 1
C 2
C 6
C 8
1
2
C 8
C 3
3
C 6
65
66
The Ship Plan
67
A
B C
B
C
A
DENSE CLUSTER A small plot
close to main street & light less porous & tighter
68
C
C
C C
C OPEN CLUSTER B medium plot
overshaowed less dense & open views
MIXED CLUSTER C big plot
medium light and views mixed in between open and dense
69
Organisational Strategy The organisation of the cluster responds to the access of the site, including routes from the tube and bus station. The access divide the site into different areas with individual programmes.
70
The Neighbourhood Plan
71
Dense Cluster TYPE A
1
Dense Cluster TYPE B
5
Bigger Space towards Long view
Variation in Clusters Deck for long view
Each cluster has it’s own variation on the space to respond to the external and internal force to create a transformation around the field, fulfilling different parameters as a method of generating design driven by the occupants.
Smaller space away from ground floor noise Mixed Cluster TYPE A
2
Bigger social area towards light
Smaller space away from ground floor noise Bigger space towards lower level for social interaction
Mixed Cluster TYPE B
3
Priave area has limited visual connection
Bigger Space towords distance view
Less steeped slope for intimate interactions Mixed Cluster TYPE C
4
View lines from neighbouthood
Best view for internal courtyard
Bigger Ground floor Space near Access
72
Extra privae space towards the top
A
A
Upper floor has bigger space for privacy 1
Dense Cluster TYPE B
5
OpenCluster TYPE B
Bigger living space for lights
Deck for long view Bigger Private Space at the top Bigger Outdoor Covered Space
Bigger Space for bettwe sun light 2
Open Cluster TYPE A
6
Mixed Cluster TYPE F
Bigger working area for daylight
3
Bigger Private space screened from traffic
Priave area has limited visual connection
Mixed Cluster TYPE D
7
Mixed Cluster TYPE G
11
Low level requires bigger spcae for light Bigger space for view on top
owords
C
10
Bigger social area towards light
away floor noise
B
9
Landscape varied from open to close
Shared Cluster
4
Extra privae space towards the top
Semi-Private Cluster Mixed Cluster TYPE E
8
9
m d
d floor cess
11
Private Cluster
6 5
10
4
1 3 8 2 Varied to have extra sunlight for balcony
7
73
Parts arranged by residents
Architect planned Infrastructure
Structural pieces
Concrete/Water
Plastic pieces
Floor Pieces
Concrete/Water
Concrete
Pouring
Foundation
Strnegthen
Steel tie Column
Column
Insulation Groundwork
Building Assembly The role of the architect is to determine the infrastructure due to the reason of resolving conflict of interest between residents, while the residents themselves can configure their dwelling independently along the infrastructure. 74
Poured Concrete Architect planned Infrastructure
Empty Plastic/ Poured Concrete Water Floor Parts arranged by residents
Multiple Porosity Column Parts arranged by residents
Empty Plastic/ Poured Concrete Water Structural Parts arranged by residents
75
76
77
TO W ER
78
PRIVATE SHARED SPACE
SEMI-PRIVAE SHARED SPACE
PUBLIC SPACE
Tower mk.I Section
79
Sleep
Sleep & Toilet Intermediate Supporting frame
PU insulation
Work & Play Pipe work
Entrance
Live & Eat
Structural Steel Tube
Dwelling Test The plastic parts are moulded to create a hollow cavity so that structure and services can run inside them. Concrete is poured into the column to stabilise the building.
80
y
ily
tS ta
Ho st
Fa m
Sh ar ed
F
Sh or
se
E Sh ar ed
D Fl at
C Fl at
B Pe nt Ho u
Fa m
St ud i
o
ily
Fl at
Fl at
A L- Site
M- Site
S- Site
Private Flat
Social Flat
C C
D
C
B E
B
E
B
A
A
B
A
F
E
F
E
F
D D
D
D C D
D
B A D A F
A
A F
B
B
A
D F
D
Tower mk.II Another iteration of tower based on the previous dwelling test, to test the vertical landscape assembled with discrete parts
81
Circulations
Social Cascade
Dwelling Units
Plug in System
Tower mk.III & IV These two iterations based on having a circulation core, attached with various flats. The circulation also acts as a â&#x20AC;&#x153;social cascadeâ&#x20AC;? to share activities between residents, while the living units have local variations. 82
83
LIVE-WORK UNIT
CO-WORK UNIT
Non-disturbed
space
Sharing
to
single
with
work
for
person Located main
designated. away circulation
from to
work
limited
HOT-DESKING
space privacy
between users.Space is
Space
when
occupied
and
INFORMAL MEETING SPACE
MEETING SPACE
Area that is free to use whoever
passes by and shared
that
can
COMMUNAL KITCHEN
A
Noisy working area for
Access point for the
used to hold informal
among the others in
the
building. In this live
personal to hold meet-
meeting for any users.
the building. A mixing
carryout heavy duty
inhabitants
to
work
mode
theen-
designated for multi
among all within the
ings.
away
Located next to main
space
both
work. Also it is an area
trance is shared among
personal.
building. Located at the
from main circulation
circulation for easier
work & play mode.
to procude product &
the inhabitants prefer
Social
area.
to attain higher privacy
spot
Located at the heart of
generate income for
to live in a shared
Space is comparatively
and low noise level.
Light requirement low
the Social Cascade or
the community. Light
working environment.
Located
at
avoid the trafďŹ c. Light
the working custer or
and privacy require-
Light
ment high.
requirement
light requirement low.
space.
cascade
for
everyone.
between
shared
ENTRANCE
Pocket area that can be
Usually
kitchen
WORKSHOP
be
multi
by
medium
bigger than the others
the other shared space.
requirement
while privacy require-
with high ceiling. Light
Light
Located away from the
ment low.
requirement medium.
medium.
Privacy
requirement
low.
requirement
low.
living cluster but close to
the
access
for
loading.
ght
Sun Li
LIVE-WORK QUARTER
w No Vie View
WORKSHOP QUARTER
Live-work mode 84
STUDIO UNIT
FAMILY UNIT
Living unit for inhabit-
Living unit fo couple or
Unit
ants prefer to live alon
family with space such
sharing
Small foot print with
as living and dining as
perople. Equipped with
simple
enclose.
Required high privacy.
SHARED UNIT designed up
to
CAFE for 4
COMMUNAL KITCHEN
RELAX SPACE
ENTRANCE
Small cafe area for
Pocket area that can be
A
SPace which is multi
Access point for the
inhabitants
to
meet
used to hold informal
among the others in
purpose
building. In this live
and
Scattered
meeting for any users.
the building. A mixing
different leisure activi-
relax.
LOUNGE SPACE
kitchen
shared
to
provide
work
mode
theen-
Located next to main
space
ties for the inhabitants.
trance is shared among
is
space with small living
circulation for easier
work & play mode.
Space
requirement
the inhabitants prefer
comparatively small to
area. Inhabitants are
spot
Located at the heart of
vaied but usually open
to live in a shared
encourge
encouraged to use the
Light requirement low
the Social Cascade or
to the main circulation
working environment.
well as sleeping. While
living
the
to
living
use
Cascade.
space
inhabitants the
sna
sleeping
around Cascade.
the
Social
for
everyone.
between
both
Social
communal kitchen at
the other shared space.
Privacy
the Social Cascade. Low
Light
privacy.
medium.
requirement medium.
ght Sun Li
requirement
LIVE QUARTER
View
SOCIAL CASCADE
View
SCREENING SPACE
Live-play mode 85
86
Final Iteration - Tower mk. V & VI The final iteration is a vertical assembled landscape, consists of a concrete filled plastic core , acting as a stem for the dwellings to grow. Each dwelling cluster is designed for residents to choose to live. For example Introvert prefer close space while extrovert might choose living in open space. They all differ from porosity & privacy to give a mix of living condition.
87
Variation in Social Organisation Different clusters are arranges and placed in response to the site criteria such as the views and lights. They are differentiated into different porosity to give different openness to push the social agenda within the residents.
88
89
90
91
“I can see you.”
92
“But you can’t see me.”
93
Tower mk.V & VI In a post-digital Age
94
95
GIGI (KIN KEUNG) KWONG E | gigikwong319@gmail.com T | + (44) 7759442169 / +(852) 93461807 96