Frankfort Special Capital Zoning District Design Guidelines

Special Capital Historic Zoning District

Design Guidelines

FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY

ADOPTED SEPTEMBER 2024

Preface Introduction & Quick Reference

Introduction

WHAT IS THE SPECIAL CAPITAL DISTRICT?

The Special Capital Historic Zoning District is a historic district established by the City of Frankfort to preserve and protect historic buildings, including homes, in the South Frankfort neighborhood.

WHAT MAKES THIS DISTRICT “SPECIAL”?

The entire neighborhood was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is significant because of its diverse collection of architecture — from simple cottages to ornate Victorian homes — as well as its evolving history.

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THESE DESIGN GUIDELINES?

The guidelines exist to provide property owners and the Architectural Review Board (ARB) guidance on exterior changes to buildings within the Special Capital District. They apply to any project that affects the exterior of a property within the Special Capital District, including repair or replacement, additions, new construction, and demolition. The guidelines are applied with consideration given to the visibility of a proposal and whether the property contributes to the significance of the district.

THE GUIDELINES DO:

Create minimum standards to help maintain the historic character of the South Frankfort neighborhood

Include flexibility in the use of materials

Help you understand what is required vs what is recommended

Promote consistent, easily understandable standards for property owners and the ARB

THE GUIDELINES DON’T:

Require involuntary rehabilitation or restoration

Regulate the use of a property

Regulate or make recommendations for building interiors

Require specific paint color

Require specific products

WHY DO WE CARE ABOUT PRESERVING THIS NEIGHBORHOOD?

Preservation is one of several ways to guide change over time, along with other planning and zoning tools. We want to preserve the unique character of the Special Capital District because it is meaningful, it makes Frankfort distinct and it connects us with our past and each other, as well as our future.

This neighborhood includes properties with recognized significance to our state and our nation:

1.

2.

The Kentucky State Capitol & Governor’s Mansion, 700 Capital Avenue

The Barracks Historic District, 600 block of Shelby Street and Woodland Avenue

3. The Gov. Charles S. Morehead House, 217 Shelby Street

4. The Rev. Jesse R. Ziegler House, 509 Shelby Street

Design Review Process Overview

WHAT ARE THE FIRST STEPS IN THE PROCESS?

The first steps in the design review process go hand-in-hand: reviewing the design guidelines and developing your project. By reviewing applicable sections of the guidelines, you should be able to understand how you can alter your property and what will be approved by Staff or the Architectural Review Board (ARB).

WHAT IS STAFF APPROVAL VS ARB REVIEW?

The vast majority of potential changes to properties in the Special Capital District can be approved by staff rather than needing review and approval by the ARB. This is relatively unusual for historic districts and makes the review process quicker and easier, as long as the guidelines are being followed.

WHAT IS A “CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS”?

A certificate of appropriateness is an approval issued by the Historic Preservation Officer to proceed with new construction or alterations to property within the Special Capital District.

1,026

Design Review Process Overview

REVIEW DESIGN GUIDELINES

DEVELOP PROJECT

MEET WITH STAFF TO DISCUSS PROJECT

SUBMIT MATERIALS TO STAFF FOR REVIEW

APPLICATION REVIEWED BY STAFF AND/OR ARB

APPLICATION APPROVED BY STAFF AND/OR ARB

CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS ISSUED

UNDERTAKE CITY PERMITTING PROCESS

PROJECT CONSTRUCTED AS APPROVED

Best Practices for Historic Preservation

Credit: Vince Michael, Ph.D., Executive Director, San Antonio Conservation Society, vincemichael.com/about www.traditionalbuilding.com/opinions/historic-building-guidelines-process www.traditionalbuilding.com/opinions/authenticity-of-materials

Kentucky Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits

WHAT IS A HISTORIC REHABILITATION TAX CREDIT?

The Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credit programs (also known as “historic tax credits”) are meant to offset additional costs that a historic property owner may incur by rehabilitating a historic property.

WHY SHOULD I CARE ABOUT HISTORIC TAX CREDITS?

If your home is historic and located in the Special Capital District, you likely qualify to apply for the fully refundable Kentucky Historic Tax Credit. If you own an income-producing property, you likely qualify to apply for both the Kentucky and the Federal Historic Tax Credit.

HOW DO I GET THE CREDIT FOR MY HOME?

If you own and live in your home and spend at least $20,000 in renovations, you can apply for the Kentucky Historic Tax Credit. You’ll have to commit to rehabbing your property according to federal standards*. The State Historic Preservation Office (located within the Kentucky Heritage Council right here in Frankfort) will review your project to ensure that you will maintain your home’s character-defining features while allowing compatible, contemporary updates for modern-day use.

ARE THERE OTHER BENEFITS TO THE TAX CREDIT?

Yes! If you apply for the Kentucky or Federal Historic Tax Credit and your project is approved by the State Historic Preservation Office (Kentucky Heritage Council), your project may qualify for an expedited approval process by the Architectural Review Board.

Section 1

Renovation Guidelines

Siding

Within the Special Capital District, wood siding is the most common historic cladding material. Wood-framed residential buildings within the district likely had wood siding even if they do not today.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 The best approach is to retain and repair existing wood siding.

Replacement of siding can be approved administratively if the replacement material and treatment meets design requirements.

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

VINYL GUIDELINES

This is an example of an appropriate application of vinyl siding. Historic features are left in place and remain visible, and the siding follows a typical pattern.

(1.1.10 Vinyl, Composite, or Engineered Guidelines)

BRACKET

SOFFIT FASCIA

CORNER BOARD

SIDING (VINYL)

TRIM

CORNICE

EAVE

Detailed Siding Guidelines

O1.1.1 Repair Preferred

The repair of existing wood siding is the best practice for siding. Existing siding may be consolidated if portions are damaged and new wood siding is installed that matches the dimensions of the existing siding.

O1.1.2 New Wood Siding Preferred

New wood clapboard siding is highly preferred as the repair or replacement material on wood frame buildings. New wood siding should match the dimensions of the existing siding. If no historic siding exists, other historic buildings of a similar type, style, and date of construction should be referenced to determine the appropriate profile/dimensions of new siding.

O1.1.3 Fiber Cement

If artificial siding is desired, fiber cement siding is the most perfected alternative to wood on wood frame buildings. New fiber cement siding should match the dimensions of the existing siding. If no historic siding exists, other historic buildings of a similar type, style, and date of construction should be referenced to determine the appropriate profile/dimensions of new siding.

O ARB 1.1.4 Vinyl, Composite, or Engineered

Vinyl, composite, or engineered siding, such as Boral TruExterior, is not the most preferred treatment but is acceptable to be used on wood frame buildings. New vinyl, composite, or engineered siding must follow the guidelines on the following page and its application must be reviewed by the Architectural Review Board.

X ARB 1.1.5 Non-Acceptable Materials

The following materials are not acceptable to be used as siding within the district:

Ҍ Aluminum

Ҍ Rough-sawn wood*

Ҍ Plywood*

Ҍ Any material not specifically mentioned in the previous paragraphs

X ARB 1.1.6 Non-Acceptable Installation Techniques

The following installation techniques are not acceptable within the district:

Ҍ Siding should not be installed vertically unless there is historic documentation to support its use on the specific building.

Ҍ Enclosing or “boxing in” the eaves is not an acceptable treatment unless there is historic documentation to support its use on the specific building.

O *1.1.7 Non-historic Accessory Structures

Rough-sawn wood, diagonally-oriented wood, or plywood siding (i.e. T-111) is permitted on accessory structures less than 200 sq.ft. in size. See section 2 for more information on accessory structures.

X ARB 1.1.8 Covering Existing Masonry

It is never acceptable to cover existing masonry with siding.

O 1.1.9 Existing Non-acceptable Siding

Buildings that already have artificial stone, asbestos, asphalt shingles, or other similar non-acceptable materials are permitted to use similar materials in resurfacing or repairing these existing materials.

O 1.1.10 Vinyl, Composite, or Engineered Guidelines

The following guidelines must be followed when installing vinyl, composite, or engineered siding in the district. See page 21 for an appropriate application of these guidelines.

1. Corner boards for artificial siding must be the same size as the existing corner boards.

2. All new window and door trim must be the same width as the historic trim.

3. Architectural features must be covered

in a manner that will allow for the same proportion after coverage as before coverage.

4. New siding must run in the same direction as the historic siding.

5. Frieze and soffit boards must be covered in the same widths as exists on the building.

6. All detailing that is not flush with the siding or surface must show the same proportion after siding is installed as before it was installed.

7. All exterior facade shingles must remain and must not be covered or altered.

8. All exposed eaves, decorative porch posts, railings, brackets, cornices, and cornice trim must remain uncovered.

9. Existing historic shutters consistent with the style of the building must be returned to the historic location after the siding is applied.

10. All masonry must remain uncovered.

11. The width of new siding must have approximately the same width and shape as the historic (typically 4” to 6” wide).

12. New siding must not be installed over rotted wood — all historic siding, trim, fascia, and drip items must be repaired or replaced.

13. Siding materials should be smooth, unless a stamped or molded design is necessary to match existing. Siding with raised wood grain is not an appropriate choice for historic buildings in this district.

Windows are one of the most important features of historic homes and buildings, and their design and materials greatly impact the overall character of the Special Capital District.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 The best approach is to retain and repair historic wood windows.

2 New wood windows of the same size and proportions can be installed.

3 New clad wood windows with aluminum, fiberglass, or vinyl can be installed that are the same proportions as the existing.

4 New wood or aluminum storm windows can be installed.

5 The dimensions of existing windows should not be altered.

WINDOW COMPONENTS

HEAD TOP OF THE FRAME

SASH

ENTIRE FRAME THAT HOLDS GLASS

PANE

INDIVIDUAL PIECE OF GLASS

MUNTIN

PIECE THAT DIVIDES THE PANES OF GLASS

RAIL TOP AND BOTTOM OF THE SASH

STILE EITHER SIDE OF THE SASH

MULLION

PIECE THAT CONNECTS TWO WINDOWS

SILL BOTTOM OF THE WINDOW FRAME

Describing Your Windows

Windows are typically described by the number of panes in the top sash over the number of panes in the bottom sash. In this case, the windows would be described as “4-over-4.”

1.2

Detailed Window Guidelines

O 1.2.1 Repair Preferred

Existing historic windows must be retained when possible, and repaired as needed.

O1.2.2 Replacement Wood & Clad Wood Windows

When replacement windows are used, they must match the historic windows in size, design, and dimensions. Wood or wood with vinyl-, fiberglass-, or aluminum-clad exteriors are acceptable.

X ARB 1.2.3 Vinyl, Fiberglass, or Other Non-wood Windows

Only wood or clad wood windows are acceptable in the district, unless the proposed material can be documented historically or is already in place. If a proposed nonwood window material can be documented historically, or is the existing condition, the new window must match the historic in size, design, and dimensions.

O 1.2.4 Storm Windows

New storm windows that are wood or anodized aluminum with a painted finish are acceptable.

X

ARB 1.2.5 Style & Era of Windows

Windows of a style or era different than the house must not be used.

NOT APPROVED IN THE DISTRICT

O1.2.6 Replacement of Multi-pane Windows

Existing 6-over-6, 4-over-4, or 2-over-2

window sash may be replaced with 1-over-1 window sashes only if:

Ҍ The existing window(s) are non-historic replacement windows

Ҍ The existing windows are located in a location that is not visible from any public right of way

X ARB 1.2.7 New Simulated Multi-pane Windows

Snap-in grids (from inside) or grids between panels of glass that give a false appearance of a multi-pane sash are not acceptable. Raised grids on the outside that match historic windows are acceptable.

X ARB 1.2.8 Altering the Overall Historic Window Pattern

The historic pattern of window openings and their shape and configuration must not be altered.

X ARB 1.2.9 Altering Window Openings: Street-Facing

Window openings may not be reduced, enlarged, or filled in on street-facing facades.

O ARB 1.2.10 Altering Window

Openings: Non-street-facing

Minor alterations may be made to non-streetfacing elevations but must be approved by ARB. If historic openings are filled in on the non-street-facing facades, the outline of the

historic opening must remain apparent by setting infill material back from the surface and leaving historic sills and lintels in place. Historic openings on non-street facing facades may be blocked by attaching shutters in a closed position to maintain the appearance of a window.

X ARB 1.2.11 New Window Openings:

Street-facing

New window openings are not recommended on primary or street-facing elevations. If a new window opening is proposed, it should match the existing window openings as much as possible and must be in keeping with the existing window pattern.

O 1.2.12 New Window Openings: Nonstreet-facing

If there is no visibility from any public right of way, a new window may be installed. New windows should match the existing window openings as much as possible.

O 1.2.13 Altering Non-historic Window Openings

If a window opening is non-historic, it may either be altered to match the existing historic windows and openings or be a similar but simplified version. Non-historic openings may also be removed and infilled.

O 1.2.14 Altering Low-to-the-floor Historic Window Openings Due to Code Requirements

If the building code requires window openings to be altered for safety reasons, because they are too close to floor level, the preferred solution is to replace the existing glass with safety (tempered) glass. If this does not meet code, staff will work with the applicant and building code officials to find a solution that may then be staff-approved.

X ARB 1.2.15 Replacement of Stained Glass or Art Glass Windows

Historic windows containing stained glass or art glass that are historic to the building may not be replaced.

O 1.2.16 Privacy Glass

Privacy glass may be utilized within a historic window opening or new window if located on a secondary elevation for an interior bathroom.

O 1.2.17 Opaque Film

Opaque film does not need approval and should be applied to the interior of windows.

X ARB 1.2.18 Glass Block

Glass block is not an acceptable treatment in any window opening.

O 1.2.19 Awnings

Awnings may be approved by staff if they do not obscure significant features and are compatible with the style and character of the building.

Roofs are a highly visible feature of all homes and buildings. Roof shape and materials are the key contributers to a roof’s character and, as such, a heightened level of importance is placed on these features.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 The historic roof shape of homes in the district must be preserved.

2 Existing historic roof material must be repaired unless proven necessary to replace.

3 Existing asphalt roofs can be replaced with appropriate shingles.

4 Large dormers that greatly alter the roof shape are not acceptable.

5 Added elements that don’t visibly alter the roof from the primary elevation are generally acceptable.

GABLED ROOF HIPPED ROOF

1.3

Detailed Roof Guidelines

O 1.3.1

Retaining Historic Roofing Material

Whenever possible, historic roofing materials must be retained. Standing seam metal and asphalt were the materials most commonly used on roofs within the district; however, there are instances of other materials being use as well, such as terracotta tiles and slate.

X ARB 1.3.2 Full Replacement of Historic Roofing Materials

Full replacement of the roof with material other than existing historic material must be approved by the ARB after the applicant has submitted documentation and evidence of why the existing roof material cannot be repaired and/or replaced with the same material.

O 1.3.3 New Roofing Material

Existing asphalt shingles may be replaced with new three-tab or architectural dimensional asphalt shingles.

O 1.3.4

Retaining Architectural Features

Retain, repair, or replace, where necessary, all historic architectural features that give the roof its essential character, such as dormers, dormer windows, cupolas, cornices, brackets, chimneys, cresting, and weather vanes.

O 1.3.5 Roof Shape

Preserved

The historic roof shape must be preserved on historic buildings.

X ARB 1.3.6

Changing the Roof Shape & Dormers

Changes to the historic roof shape or adding features inappropriate to the character of the roof, such as oversized dormer windows, is discouraged, particularly when visible from the street.

O ARB 1.3.7 Adding Non-visible Skylights

Skylights that are non-visible from the street may be approved but will be reviewed by ARB to ensure they do not dramatically alter the overall look of the roof.

O ARB 1.3.8 Adding Dormers

In some cases dormers may be acceptable, but they must be in keeping with the historic style of the building and should be kept to a minimal size. Other similar-style buildings should be referenced when designing the new dormer.

X

ARB

1.3.9 Adding Visible Roof Elements

Roof decks, roof gardens, skylights, or other roof elements are discouraged and may only permitted by ARB if they have minimal visibly from the street and do not detract from the architectural integrity of the building.

Solar Panels & Detailed Guidelines

Solar panels are an important opportunity for property owners to offset energy costs and positively impact the environment. The potential negative impact of solar panels on historic character must be balanced with the positive impact for property owners and the environment.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 The efficiency of solar panel locations should be considered alongside their visual impacts.

2 Locations with limited or no visibility from the street are ideal.

3 Accessory buildings like garages and carriage houses are ideal for rooftop solar.

4 Ground-based systems located in the rear of the property are acceptable.

5 Staff can approve placement on accessory buildings and areas with limited visibility.

O

1.4.1 Placement on Accessory Buildings

Accessory buildings, such as garages or carriage houses, are the best practice for placement due to their limited visibility from the street.

O 1.4.2 Placement on Limited-visibility Locations

If placement on accessory buildings is not possible or ideal, the next best locations are non-street-facing roof elevations or rear portions of street-facing elevations with limited visibility. A sun study should be submitted to demonstrate the reasoning for placement.

O ARB 1.4.3 Placement on Visible Locations

If visible or highly visible locations are the only feasible options, placement must be reviewed by ARB. If possible, panels should be kept back from the front edge of the roof. A sun study must be submitted that shows this is the only feasible placement.

O ARB 1.4.4 Ground-based Placement

Ground-based systems may be an alternate option buildings where panels are only feasible in highly visible locations. Ground-based systems should be located in the rear of the property and must be review by ARB if there is visibility from the public right of way.

SOLAR PANEL FUNCTION

Solar panels function best when located facing south, with less efficiency when placed facing east or west and little efficiency when facing north. Therefore, the most efficient location will differ based on the siting of any individual home.

From an architectural design standpoint, the ideal location for solar panels within the district is atop accessory buildings such as garage or carriage houses, since these have limited visibility from the street. The next-best option for locating solar panels is non-street-facing roof elevations. The least ideal location would be a streetfacing elevation.

Masonry is the second most common material used in the district, and it is used primarily for wall surfaces. Other uses include cornices, pediments, window lintels and sills, and other decorative building elements.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 Repointing is often the ideal way to repair issues with historic masonry.

2 Masonry can be washed with mild detergents.

3 Masonry should never be sandblasted.

4 Historic masonry should never be painted unless already painted.

5 Sealants should not be applied to historic masonry.

KENTUCKY MARBLE

BRICK

1.5 Detailed Masonry Guidelines

O 1.5.1 Architectural Features Preserved

Existing decorative masonry elements or designs that give buildings their character, such as decorative brickwork, stone or brick columns, stone veneer elements, cast stone elements, hand-tooled stone, stucco finishes, and terra cotta must be retained, repaired, or replicated in most circumstances. Of particular importance is the preservation of “Kentucky Marble” limestone, which is further described on page 41.

O1.5.2 Repair Required

Historic masonry materials must not be removed or covered. Where necessary, missing or deteriorated masonry must be replaced with appropriate salvaged or new materials that match the original as closely as possible. When the exterior masonry of a structure must be repaired, the color, texture, pattern (where applicable), and composition of the masonry, and the composition, color, and tooling of the mortar must duplicate the historic condition.

X ARB 1.5.3 The Addition of Non-historic Features

Adding new masonry features on a historic building that cannot be documented as existing previously is not acceptable.

O

1.5.4 Replacement of Missing or Damaged Features

If a historic masonry detail is missing or deteriorated beyond repair, it must be replaced with a newly designed detail that matches the existing or missing feature as much as possible.

O

1.5.5 Cleaning Masonry

Cleaning masonry must be done by the least damaging method available, ranging from washing at a low PSI with a mild detergent and soft bristle brushes to chemical cleaning.

X ARB 1.5.6 Sandblasting Masonry

Sandblasting is not an acceptable method for cleaning and must not be permitted because it destroys brick and reduces the life of buildings.

X ARB 1.5.7 Sealing Masonry

Sealants are generally not recommended for use on historic masonry, as it was designed to breathe; masonry walls are designed to allow moisture to work its way to the outside. Sealants also may change the appearance of the masonry. If there are water infiltration issues, the best practice it to repair the masonry or repoint.

X ARB 1.5.9 Painting Historic Masonry

Painting historic masonry walls that have never been painted is generally not acceptable. In very few instances, painting may be appropriate when the exposed brick is compromised (very soft and porous), but the paint should be breathable and permeable. Limewash was historically used on 19th century soft brick not meant to be exposed.

O1.5.10 Painting Non-historic Masonry

Painting non-historic masonry is acceptable.

O1.5.11 Repointing

Repointing on 19th century buildings and older must be completed with a soft mortar, simulating the old lime and sand mortars in appearance and composition. A mixture consisting of one part lime, and seven to nine parts of the smallest available mesh sand (to match the historic sand) is recommended. The use of this mortar will ensure that expansion and contraction characteristics of the brick and mortar will be approximated.

Repointing on some 20th century buildings may be able to be completed with mortar that includes some amount of Portland cement. In all cases, the mortar composition must result in a material softer than the brick, or there is

risk of damage to the brick wall over time. For all buildings, we recommend property owners complete an analysis of the existing mortar to ensure a good match.

The historic joint type must be matched by new repointing. In general, the mortar joint must be concave because this allows for the greatest bond of mortar to brick.

Ҍ The mortar must be tinted to match the color of the historic materials as closely as possible.

Ҍ If brick needs to be replaced, it must match the historic as closely as possible.

X ARB 1.5.12 Removing Historic

Chimneys Removal of primary, decorative, or highly visible chimneys is not acceptable.

O 1.5.13 Retaining & Repairing Historic Chimneys

Historic chimneys should be retained and repaired as needed. Chimney caps or crowns are encouraged to protect historic masonry and may be staff approved.

X ARB 1.5.14 Replacement of Historic Stucco with Synthetic Materials

Substitute or synthetic materials such as Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) are not acceptable replacements for historic stucco.

Your Notes:

Gutters and Downspouts

On many historic homes, gutters were constructed differently than they are now installed. Both historic and new gutters are a important feature to the overall character of the home.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 The best approach is to retain and repair existing box gutters.

2 Box gutters on street-facing elevations must be retained or replaced in-kind.

3 Non-street-facing elevations can be replaced with k-style or half-round gutters.

4 PVC or other style gutters are not acceptable.

5 Non-copper gutters and downspouts should be painted to match.

BOX GUTTER

INTEGRATED INTO ROOF LINE

LIMITED VISIBILITY

DETAILED COMPONENTS

PRESERVATION PREFERRED

K-STYLE vs BOX GUTTER

K-STYLE GUTTER

BOX GUTTER

WHY SAVE BOX GUTTERS?

Though their use may be unremarkable, box gutters often are key architectural features. They are integrated into the roof line and often include important architectural details.

Detailed Gutters and Downspouts Guidelines

O1.6.1 Preference for Preservation of Box Gutters

Box gutters should be preserved and repaired whenever possible.

O1.6.2 Replacement of Box Gutters on Street-facing Elevation

Box gutters on all street-facing elevations may be replaced in-kind if they are beyond repair.

O1.6.3 Replacement of Box Gutters on Nonstreet-facing Elevation

On non-street-facing elevations, box gutters may be replaced with k-style or half-round hanging gutters and round downspouts.

1.6.4 In-kind Replacement of K-style & Half-round Gutters

All existing K-style and half-round gutters may be replaced in-kind.

X ARB 1.6.5 PVC or Other Style Gutters

PVC-style gutters or any other gutters not specifically named in this section are not acceptable, even if they are an existing condition that is being replaced. K-style or half-round gutters should be used to replace non-acceptable gutters.

O1.6.6 Finish Treatment

Hanging gutters and downspouts, unless made of copper, must be painted. To prevent the paint from flaking and peeling within a short period of time, new non-galvanized metal, or aluminum gutters or downspouts, must be coated with a galvanized steel primer before applying the finishing coats of paint.

BOX GUTTER

HALF ROUND GUTTER

K-STYLE GUTTER

K-STYLE GUTTERS

K-style gutters were invented in the 1940s. They are recommended for historic homes built after 1940, but they may be acceptable for other historic homes as well.

Some historic buildings within the district feature historic shutters. These are not a primary feature, but they do impact a home’s facade and generally must either work or appear to work.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 The best approach is to retain and repair historic shutters.

2 New shutters should only be added if they appear to work.

3 Vinyl shutters should only be installed on vinyl siding.

Detailed Shutters Guidelines 1.7

O 1.7.1 Repairing Historic Shutters

Historic shutters must be retained or repaired.

O1.7.2 New Shutters

New shutters must match the old in composition, size, shape, color, and texture. Vinyl shutters are acceptable when vinyl siding exists on the same elevation.

X ARB 1.7.3 Shutters with Non-working Appearance

Shutters that detract from the character and appearance of the building must not be installed. Shutters must look as if they could work. They must be big enough to cover the entire opening when closed, and they must not overlap when open.

1.8

Doors are not only central to the circulation of homes in the district, but also a key marker of historic architectural styles.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 The best approach is to retain and repair existing doors and trim.

2 Street-facing door openings must not be altered.

3 Historic doors may be fixed in place if needed for interior functionality.

4 New doors in new openings should match historic doors or be similar but simplified.

1.8

Detailed Doors Guidelines

O 1.8.1

Retain & Repair

Whenever possible, the building’s historic door(s) and door trim must be retained and/or repaired. Any historic hardware on the door must also be repaired or retained whenever possible.

O 1.8.2

New Matching Doors in Historic Openings

If a new replacement door is required in an historic opening, the size, proportion, shape, and configuration of the historic door must be duplicated as closely as possible. If no historic door is present, historic buildings of a similar type, style, and date of construction should be referenced to determine the appropriate style.

X

ARB

1.8.3 Changes to Street-facing

Historic Door Openings

Historic door openings must not be reduced, enlarged, or filled in on street-facing facades. Historic transoms must be retained.

O 1.8.4

Fixing Historic Doors in Place

If interior design changes dictate the need to close a historic door openings, the door may be fixed in place so as to retain the historic appearance.

O 1.8.5 Changes to Non-street-facing Historic Door Openings

Historic openings on non-street-facing elevations may be infilled, though it is not recommended. When infilling a non-streetfacing door, the outline of the historic opening must remain apparent by setting infill material back from the surface and leaving historic sills and lintels in place.

O 1.8.6

New Openings & New Doors

In instances where new doors are proposed where there are no existing openings, the new doors may either match the existing historic doors or be similar but simplified versions of the existing historic doors. If no historic door is present, historic buildings of a similar type, style, and date of construction should be referenced to determine the appropriate style of door. New openings must be of the same size and at the same height as existing openings.

O 1.8.7

Altering Non-historic Openings

If a door opening is non-historic, it may either be altered to match the existing historic doors and openings or be a similar but simplified version. Non-historic openings may also be removed and infilled.

Porches and Decks

Porches are central and distinctive features that have a large impact on the appearance of historic homes. Decks are often non-historic features that are important, useful features for today’s homeowners.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 The best approach is to retain and repair existing porches and porch components.

2 New code compliant railings may be added; historic must be left in place.

3 New porches must reference existing historic porches from similar homes.

4 New ADA-accessible ramps should use the same materials as existing porches.

5 New decks can be added on non-streetfacing elevations.

Detailed Porches and Decks Guidelines

O 1.9.1 Historic Porches Must be Retained

Historic porches, including their components such as railings and posts, must be retained and repaired. If individual components are deteriorated beyond repair, they must be replaced to match as closely as possible.

O 1.9.2 Code-compliant Railings

If existing historic railings are not codecompliant, the existing historic railings should remain in place and new compliant railings added behind or above. New compliant railings should either match the historic railings or be simplified, and materials should be compatible.

O ARB 1.9.3 Adding New Porches

When a new porch is added where one does not exist, the porch must be compatible with the architectural character of the building. The size, scale, and materials, as well as the detailing of the components of the porch — including roofs, railings, and trim — must be compatible with the existing building and should reference historic buildings of a similar type, style, and date of construction.

O 1.9.4 New Deck on Non-street-facing Elevations

Decks on the rear and side elevations of a structure are permissible.

X

ARB 1.9.5 New Deck on Street Facing Elevation

New decks are not acceptable on streetfacing elevations.

O 1.9.6 ADA-accessible Ramps

The material and design of new exterior ADA-accessible ramps must be as compatible with the existing building as possible. New ramps should match existing materials, such as wood or concrete, and should create as little visual impact as possible.

O

1.9.7 Altering Previously Altered Historic Porches

Historic porches that have been altered with non-historic components may be changed to reflect a more compatible design. Historic porches of a similar type, style, or date of construction should be referenced for guidance.

The site features of properties within the Special Capital District may have significance that is important to preserve.

1 The best approach is to retain and repair historic features like walls and fences.

2 New front-yard facing fences must be 4 ft. or less.

3 New side- and rear-yard fences must be 6 ft. or less.

4 Small-scale planting changes do not require review.

5 The removal of large healthy trees is discouraged.

Unique Feature: “Kentucky Marble”

One of the most distinctive physical features of the Special Capital District is the use of “Kentucky Marble” that can be found in foundations and retaining walls throughout. The term “Kentucky Marble” or “Kentucky River Marble” refers to two distinctive local materials that have been used throughout the district and in several prominent buildings within Frankfort.

Most Common: Tyrone Limestone (Lower Birdseye)

This type of limestone is found in the Inner Bluegrass region along the Kentucky River. Its appearance is a dense light gray to gray with crystalline calcite scattered throughout. Importantly, it weathers white, giving it a distinctive appearance. The darker calcite gives it the “birdseye” moniker.

Secondary: Oregon Limestone

This type of limestone is also found in the Inner Bluegrass region along the Kentucky River. It is a finegrained gray to cream-colored limestone generally quarried in Fayette County. The stone does not weather white to the same extent as the Tyrone Limestone and does not have as distinctive of an appearance.

Locations Used: Ҍ Old State House Walls Ҍ Old Capitol Hotel

Old Penitentiary

Distilleries along the river

Residences (foundations, walls, and landscaping)

Locations Used: Ҍ Old State House columns

Boone Monument at Frankfort Cemetery

*Source: Kentucky Paleontological Society via University of Kentucky

Old State Capital “Kentucky Marble”

“Kentucky Marble” Foundation & Porch Columns

1.10 Detailed Site Features Guidelines

O 1.10.1 Retain Existing Historic Walls & Fences

Existing wrought iron or cast iron fences and masonry walls must be repaired and retained whenever possible. It is particularly important to maintain limestone walls known locally as “Kentucky Marble” (see previous page) due to their unique local character.

O 1.10.2 New Front-yard Fences

In front yards, new fence materials must be masonry (stone or brick), decorative metal, wood, or vinyl, and must be no more than 4 ft. in height. Picket fencing must have no more than a 4” separation between pickets.

O 1.10.3 New Side- and Rear-Yard Fences

Side yards begin adjacent to the front wall of the building and continue to the back wall of the building. New fencing for side yards must be no more than 4ft. in height from the front wall for the first 20 ft., and then it may be a maximum of 6 ft. in height. All side- and rearlot fencing must be masonry (stone or brick), decorative metal, wood, or vinyl. Fencing in the rear yard (behind the back wall of the building) must be no more than 6 ft. in height. Picket fencing must have no more than a 4” separation between pickets. Chain link fencing is only acceptable in rear yards.

X ARB 1.10.4 Chain Link Fencing in the Front Yard

Chain link fencing is not acceptable in the front yard.

O 1.10.5 Tree Maintenance & Removal

Large trees on private property along the streets and sidewalks contribute to an “avenue” effect. The continuation of this precedent is encouraged. Periodic maintenance must be carried out to ensure the proper health and appearance of landscaping. The removal of trees where they contribute to the continuity of street trees is discouraged unless they are dying or unsafe.

O 1.10.6 Landscaping & Plantings

Whenever possible, existing historic walkways or garden ornaments must be retained and repaired. Landscaping consistent with the historic area and compatible with the architecture is encouraged. Small-scale changes such as new plantings do not need review or approval. Large-scale changes such as new walkways, patios, or a major overhaul to over half of the landscaped area of the property must be submitted for approval.

O 1.10.7 Ground Surfaces

Ground surface materials, such as paving, ground cover planting, terraces, etc., must

Historic Retaining Wall

“Kentucky Marble” Walls

be compatible with the existing and adjacent sites, existing site conditions, and the character of the building. Use of materials compatible with the existing public sidewalks is encouraged.

The use of ground surfaces that vary significantly from the surrounding conditions, that do not fit the site configuration, or that detract from the character of the building are discouraged. For example, front yards that have extensive paving materials with little grass or plantings should be avoided. Hard-surfaced paving, such as sidewalks, should not conflict in character with adjacent sidewalk materials.

O1.10.8 Preserving Historic Driveways

The district has a number of early ribbon driveways composed of two strips of concrete separated by grass that remains. Their preservation is encouraged.

O 1.10.9 New Driveways

The district is primarily served by on-street parking. New curb cuts and driveways have the potential to negatively impact the overall character of the block and are discouraged.

Factors that impact whether new curb cuts should be approved include whether or not there is alley access to a property and how they might impact historic features. All new driveways must be reviewed by the ARB.

If approved, permeable materials and permeable designs, such as ribbon style, are encouraged. Large paved areas for multiple vehicles are generally not appropriate for single-family dwellings.

O ARB 1.10.10 New Parking Pads & Lots

In some cases, conditionally approved uses in the Special Capital District may require additional parking spaces. Applicants are strongly encouraged to work with staff to develop parking designs and locations that will minimize impacts to the historic character of the block. New parking areas must be reviewed by the ARB.

Your Notes:

Section 2

Accessory Structure Guidelines

Historic Accessory Structures

Historic accessory structures in the Special Capital District include garages, carriage houses, outbuildings, sheds, and other secondary structures.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 The best approach is to retain and repair existing historic accessory structures.

2 When altering historic accessory structures, applicants should follow the renovation guidelines.

3 Existing historic accessory structures may be incorporated into additions.

4 Demolitions of historic accessory structures are not acceptable.

Historic Accessory Structure Guidelines

O2.1.1 Maintain Existing Historic Accessory Structures

Historic accessory structures should be maintained in their original locations. Removing historic secondary structures should be avoided if possible.

O 2.1.2 Follow the Renovation Guidelines

When altering an existing historic accessory structure, the Renovation Guidelines should be followed.

O

2.1.3 Incorporating Historic Accessory Structures Into Additions

Historic accessory structures may be incorporated into new additions. All new additions will be reviewed by the Architectural Review Board.

X ARB 2.1.4 Demolition of Historic Accessory Structures

It is not acceptable to demolish a historic accessory structure that contributes to the historic significance and character of the district. All demolitions will be reviewed by the Architectural Review Board.

New Accessory Structures

This section applies new accessory structures within the Special Capital District that are more than 200 sq. ft. New accessory structures should not detract from the existing historic building.

1 All new construction must be reviewed by the ARB.

2 New accessory structures should be located on alleys if possible.

3 If there is no alley access, accessory structures should be located in the rear yard.

4 New accessory structures should be visually compatible with the primary structure.

5 New accessory structures should follow the new construction guidelines.

LOCATE ON ALLEYS IF POSSIBLE SITING

DETACHED IS PREFERRED

SECONDARY TO MAIN STRUCTURE

AVOID NEW CURB CUTS

DESIGN

SHORTER THAN MAIN BUILDING

FIBER CEMENT PREFERRED

SINGLE DOORS PREFERRED

COMPATIBLE WITH MAIN BUILDING

New Accessory Structure Guidelines

O2.2.1 Location Off of Alleys Preferred

New accessory structures should be located along alleys if there is alley access to the property.

X ARB 2.2.2 New Curb Cuts: Existing Alley Access

New curb cuts on primary streets are not acceptable where alley access exists.

O

2.2.3 Location in Rear Yard if No Alley Access

If there is no alley access, new accessory structures should be located in the rear yard.

O2.2.4 New Curb Cuts: No Alley Access

Where no alley access exists, curb cuts may be introduced if necessary, though the impact of these should be minimized. If on a corner lot with no alley, curb cuts should be on the secondary street off the secondary elevation, rather than the primary elevation. See 1.10.9 for additional guidance.

O

2.2.5 Single Car Garage Door Openings Preferred

For new accessory structures, single car garage door entrances are preferred for both single- and multi-car garages. These more closely match the scale of historic garage openings.

O2.2.6 Multi-car Garage Door Openings

Multi-car garage door openings are not preferred because they do not match the scale of historic garage door openings; however, they are acceptable.

O2.2.7 Visually Compatible with Surrounding Properties

New accessory structures should be visually compatible with the property and the district in terms of scale, size, design, and materials. Simplified designs are preferred.

Accessory structures should not visually compete with the primary building. Designs shall utilize a roof shape and pitch that is consistent with secondary structures historically found in the area, or with that of the primary building.

O2.2.8 Accessory Structure Height: Singlestory Primary Structures

For single story primary structures, accessory structures should also be one story and equivalent to or shorter in height than the primary structure.

O

2.2.9 Accessory Structure Height: Two+ Story Primary Structures

For primary structures that are more than

one story, the accessory structures should generally be a half-story shorter than the primary structure, as well as slightly shorter in height as a maximum height.

O 2.2.10 Accessory Dwelling Units (ADUs)

Accessory Dwelling Units are acceptable in the district; however, they should be designed to conform with the height guidelines described above. Dormers, ground-level living spaces, or other features may be utilized in order to accommodate living space within the accessory structures.

O 2.2.11 Sheds

Sheds less than 200 sq. ft. in size are permitted without review. Rough-sawn wood, diagonally-oriented wood, or plywood siding (i.e., T-111) is permitted on these accessory structures, but not recommended.

O 2.2.12 Follow the New Construction Guidelines

New accessory structures should utilize materials consistent with the new construction guidelines.

O 2.2.13 Follow the Garage Door Guidelines

New accessory structures should follow the Garage Door Guidelines detailed in Section 2.3.

Garage doors are a key feature of accessory structures and are sometimes incorporated into the main building in the District. Traditional details greatly improve the look and compatibility of garage doors. 2.3

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 New doors on new-build garages will be subject to ARB approval.

2 Repair of historic garage doors is preferred.

3 New doors that include traditional detailing are preferred.

4 New wood garage doors are the best practice.

5 Flush metal and vinyl doors are acceptable but not preferred on detached garages.

2.3 Detailed Garage Door Guidelines

O2.3.1 Historic Doors: Repair Preferred

The repair of existing historic garage doors is the best practice.

O2.3.2 Traditional Design Elements on New Doors

New or replacement doors that include traditional detailing like panels, windows, and hardware are preferred.

O2.3.3 New Wood Doors

New wood garage doors are the best practice.

O2.3.4 Prefab Flush Metal or Vinyl Doors

Off-the-shelf flush metal and vinyl doors are acceptable on detached garages, but generally not preferred. If these doors are used, consider a wood-look finish or a color that corresponds with the trim or siding color.

Section 3

Addition Guidelines

Design & Placement

The design and placement of additions is key to ensuring they fit within the historic context of the district. Additions should be located to the rear of buildings and have as limited visibility as possible.

1 All new construction must be reviewed by the ARB.

2 Additions should be located to the rear of the building.

3 Additions should be subservient to the existing building.

4 Additions should have simplified design details.

5 Additions should be differentiated from the historic building.

MINIMAL IMPACT DESIGN DOES NOT CONCEAL FEATURES SUBORDINATE SCALE

SIMPLIFIED DESIGN

1/3 OF EXISTING BUILDING FOOTPRINT OR LESS

LIMITED VISIBILITY FROM PRIMARY STREET

PLACEMENT

LOCATED TO THE REAR

DOES NOT REORIENT ENTRY

VISUALLY SUBORDINATE

RETAINS OPEN SPACE

3.1

Detailed Design & Placement Guidelines

O ARB 3.1.1 Differentiated from Historic Building

Additions should be designed so that they are compatible with the historic building, but stand as a product of their own time. It should be clear what is historic and what is new. Subtle changes in setback, material, and architectural details are appropriate to distinguish additions from the historic building.

O ARB 3.1.2 Simplified Details

Simplified details that reference the character of the historic building are appropriate.

X ARB 3.1.3 Duplicating Details

Duplicating details found in the historic building, thus creating a false sense of history, is not appropriate.

O ARB 3.1.4 Doors & Window Openings

Door and window openings should be similar to the proportion, size, and rhythm of those on the historic building.

O ARB 3.1.5 Foundation

Exposed foundation lines shall be generally consistent with those on the original building, differentiated with only a minor jog.

X ARB 3.1.6 Concealing Historic Features

Additions should be located so that they do not conceal, destroy, or require removal of important historic features of the historic building. Additions that require removal of character-defining features, such as a stained glass windows or chimneys, are not acceptable.

O ARB 3.1.7 Located on the Rear

Additions should be located on the rear elevation or at the rear quarter of a side elevation to ensure minimal visibility from the street.

O ARB 3.1.8 Subordinate to the Historic Building

Additions should be subordinate to the historic building so as not to visually detract from the building or streetscape.

O ARB 3.1.9 Size: Subservient to the Existing Building

The size of an addition should be limited so that it does not diminish or visually detract from the existing building or streetscape. Additions should be less than the building’s original footprint.

O ARB 3.1.10 Limited Visibility

The addition should have limited visibility from the primary street.

O ARB 3.1.11 Designed for Future Removal

Additions should be located so that they can be removed in the future without causing damage to the historic features of the historic building.

O ARB 3.1.12 Utilize Connectors or Hyphens

Connectors or hyphens are small additions that connect a historic building to an accessory structure or new addition. They can be a good way to approach adding additional space with minimal impact and are encouraged.

X ARB 3.1.13 Replaces the Primary Entry

A new addition that replaces or changes the orientation of the primary entry is not acceptable.

X ARB 3.1.14 Dramatically Altering Open Space

Additions should be designed so that they do not dramatically alter the relationship of open to occupied space on a property.

Addition materials are flexible within the district but should align with the historic building. New windows and doors should be simple versions of existing historic windows and doors.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 Wood or fiber cement siding are preferred.

2 New windows should be simple versions of historic windows.

3 New doors should be simple versions of historic doors.

4 All addition materials must be approved by ARB.

Detailed Addition Materials Guidelines

O ARB 3.2.1 Siding: Existing Frame Structure

On an existing frame structure, new siding should match the existing siding, including materials, dimensions, and color.

O ARB 3.2.2 Wood or Fiber Cement

Siding: Existing Masonry Structure

For an addition on a masonry structure, new wood or fiber cement siding is preferred.

O ARB 3.2.3 Vinyl, Composite, or Engineered: Existing Masonry Structure

For an addition on a masonry structure, new vinyl, composite, or engineered siding is not preferred but is acceptable.

O ARB 3.2.4 Masonry

New masonry is generally only appropriate when being added to an existing masonry structure. New masonry should be compatible with the existing masonry but may be differentiated.

O ARB 3.2.5 New Windows

Wood or wood with vinyl, fiberglass, or aluminum clad exteriors are acceptable. Composite materials, such as Fibrex, are acceptable. New windows should generally be simple. Simulated divided lite windows are discouraged and, if used, should utilize raised grids on the outside. 3.2

O ARB 3.2.6 New Doors

New doors should be similar but simplified versions of the existing historic doors. If no historic door is present, historic buildings of a similar type, style, and date of construction should be referenced to determine the appropriate style. New openings should be a similar size as other existing openings.

Section 4

New Construction Guidelines

New buildings in the Special Capital District should have a consistent scale and proportion to other buildings in the area. The massing, height, and width should relate to other adjacent buildings.

4.1

Detailed Scale

ARB 4.1.1 Height

The height of new buildings in the district should be relatively consistent with adjacent existing historic buildings. Exceptions may be made for larger buildings on corners; however, they should generally not be more than one story taller than nearby historic buildings.

ARB 4.1.2 Width

The width of new buildings should be relatively consistent with nearby historic buildings, as well as with historic lot sizes.

ARB 4.1.3 Massing

The existing relationship between the width and height of the street front elevation(s) of the building(s) in the immediate area should be maintained.

ARB 4.1.4 Rhythm

In architecture, rhythm refers to the repetition of patterns, shapes, forms, elements, and colors. The overall rhythm of a block should be maintained.

4.2 Form & Features

The form and features of new buildings in the Special Capital District should be compatible with existing historic buildings in the area. Existing historic buildings should be referenced.

Detailed Form & Features

ARB 4.2.1 Overall

Form

Designs should use a building form that has a similar complexity to those within its immediate vicinity. Simplicity in design is preferred over complex designs using nonhistoric features.

ARB

4.2.2

Ratio of Solid Wall to Openings

Traditional ratios of solid wall space to openings should be maintained, particularly on the primary elevation. Historic buildings within the district should be referenced to ensure compatibility.

ARB

4.2.3

Window & Door Openings

Window and door openings should be compatible with those on surrounding buildings in placement, spacing, scale, proportion, and size. Windows with vertical emphasis are more commonly found in this district.

ARB 4.2.4

Roof Forms

Roof forms similar to historic buildings present in the area should be used. The roof pitch and shape shall be appropriately scaled to the building and neighboring structures.

ARB 4.2.5 Other

Elements

Historic buildings in the area should be referenced for elements such as porches, which help define the overall aesthetic of the district.

Within the Special Capital District, new construction can generally use contemporary materials within a traditional scale and form. The following section defines the appropriate materials for new builds.

1 The best approach is to utilize traditional materials and forms.

2 New wood or fiber cement siding or masonry is preferred.

3 New materials should attempt to match traditional dimensions.

4 New windows must be wood or wood clad with aluminum, fiberglass, or vinyl.

5 New roofing should be asphalt shingles or standing seam metal.

4.3 Detailed Materials

O ARB 4.3.1 New Siding Dimensions

New siding should generally follow the dimensions of historic sidings within the district.

O ARB 4.3.2 Wood or Fiber Cement Siding

Preferred

New wood or fiber cement siding is preferred.

O ARB 4.3.3 Vinyl, Composite, or Engineered: Existing Masonry Structure

New vinyl, composite, or engineered siding is acceptable, but not preferred.

O ARB 4.3.4 Masonry

New masonry, such as brick or stone, is preferred. New masonry should be compatible with the historic masonry, but may be differentiated.

O ARB 4.3.5 New Wood, Clad, or Composite Windows

New windows of wood or wood with vinyl, fiberglass, or aluminum-clad exteriors are acceptable. Composite materials, such as Fibrex, are acceptable. New windows should generally be simple. Simulated divided lite windows are discouraged and, if used, should utilize raised grids on the outside.

X ARB 4.3.6 New Vinyl or Aluminum

All-vinyl, or all-aluminum windows are not acceptable.

O ARB 4.3.7 Simulated Divided Lite Windows

Simulated divided lite windows are discouraged and, if used, should utilize raised grids on the outside.

O ARB 4.3.8 New Doors with Traditional Forms

New doors should be similar but simplified versions of the existing historic doors. If no historic door is present, historic buildings of a similar type, style, and date of construction should be referenced to determine the appropriate style. New openings should be of a similar size as other existing openings.

O ARB 4.3.9 New Asphalt Roofing

New asphalt shingles, either three-tab or architectural dimensional, are acceptable.

O ARB 4.3.10 New Standing Seam Metal Roofing

New standing seam metal roofing may be used, with 15” wide panels at minimum. Panels should not have exposed fasteners.

X ARB 4.3.11 Other Roofing Materials

Other materials, such as corrugated roofing, are not acceptable.

O ARB 4.3.12 Design Elements

Contemporary interpretations of traditional features, such as cornices, rake boards, and chimneys, are recommended to establish visual interest.

Section 5

Demolition, Utilities & Accessibility

Perhaps the most important feature of the Special Capital District is the preservation of historic buildings. Demolition of historic buildings — particularly those that are structurally sound — is not appropriate.

1 All demolition requests are reviewed by the Architectural Review Board.

2 Demolition of contributing historic buildings is not acceptable.

3 Non-contributing buildings or additions may be demolished once approved by ARB.

4 Vacant buildings should be stabilized and secured.

Detailed Demolition Guidelines

X ARB 5.1.1 Demolishing Historic Buildings is Not Appropriate

Historic buildings are to be maintained and preserved. Demolition of contributing buildings — particularly those that are structurally sound — is not appropriate and will not be approved.

Buildings with substantial deterioration affecting their structural integrity may have more cause for approval of demolition at the discretion of the Architectural Review Board.

In these situations it should first be established that the condition of the building is not the result of negligence by the applicant.

O 5.1.2 Stabilizing & Securing Vacant Buildings

Existing historic buildings should be stabilized and secured to prevent damage from inclement conditions, pests, and vandalism. Vacant structures should be made weather tight by any means necessary.

O 5.1.3 Non-Contributing Buildings May Be Demolished

Buildings and additions constructed outside the district’s period of significance are non-contributing and may be demolished.

Buildings that have undergone significant alteration and no longer reflect their historic character are likely non-contributing and may be demolished if determined to be noncontributing by the Architectural Review Board.

O 5.1.4 Steps to Follow if Demo is Approved

In the rare instance where the demolition of a historic building is approved, the following should be undertaken:

1. A package should be submitted documenting the building existing conditions through photography and/or drawings.

2. Salvaging of intact and significant architectural materials and features such as windows, doors, hardware, masonry, and siding that could be reused is encouraged.

3. Quickly clear the site of all debris following demolition.

4. Submit a proposed redevelopment plan that aligns with the guidelines for new construction.

LIKELY QUESTIONS IF DEMO IS PROPOSED

Demolitions of historic buildings are rarely approved, and if proposed are likely to be intensely questioned by the Architectural Review Board. Possible questions include:

Ҍ Have all efforts been exhausted in considering alternatives to demolition?

Ҍ Is the building structurally sound?

Ҍ Does the building lack architectural or historic integrity? If so, please demonstrate why.

Ҍ Has the building been highly altered?

Ҍ What effects will the demolition have on neighboring properties, the streetscape, and the overall area?

Ҍ Is new development planned for the site?

Adding modern systems to historic buildings is crucial to ensuring their continued use. When adding new systems, it is important to ensure they have limited visibility and impacts to historic features.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1 The visual impact of any new systems should be minimized.

2 Ground-mounted units should be located in the rear or on secondary elevations.

3 Historic fabric should not be damaged during the installation process.

4 Utility meters should be located in the rear or on secondary elevations.

5 Systems should be installed with removability in mind.

Detailed Utility Guidelines

O 5.2.1 Place Modern Systems & Equipment in Locations that Minimize Visual Impacts

Generally speaking, new modern mechanical systems should be placed in locations that minimize impacts. Additionally, if possible, systems and equipment should be painted to blend in with the house or landscape.

X ARB 5.2.2 Do Not Damage Historic Fabric

When installing new systems, use methods that do not damage historic fabric or require removal of character-defining features.

O 5.2.3 Install for Removability

Equipment shall be installed in such a way that it can be easily removed in the future without damaging historic fabric. Cutting holes in masonry, or features such as decorative cornices or rake boards, shall be avoided.

X ARB 5.2.4 Installing Ducts, Pipes, or Cables on Exterior

Installing runs of ducts, pipes, or cables on the exterior of a building is not appropriate.

O 5.2.5 Ground-Mounted Units at Rear & Secondary Elevations

Placing ground-mounted equipment, such

as air-conditioning units, at the rear of secondary elevations or at the rear of a building is encouraged.

O 5.2.6 Screening Ground-Mounted Units

Screening ground-mounted equipment from view along the public right of way with appropriately scaled landscaping or fencing is appropriate.

O 5.2.7 Locating Utility Meters at Rear

Locating new utility systems such as water, gas, and electric meters at the rear of the property is encouraged.

O 5.2.8 Antennae & Satellite Dishes

Antennae and satellite dishes shall be located at the rear of secondary roof slopes, or on the rear roof slope. Installation on a front-facing slope shall be avoided. Consider screening antennae and satellite dishes from view by placing behind chimneys or dormers.

O 5.2.9 5G & Other Communication Towers

When 5G or other communication towers must be installed within the district, poles using historically appropriate designs should be used.

X ARB 5.2.10 Covering Interior Windows

Installing interior mechanical systems in a way that requires the installation of drop ceilings and the partial filling in or covering over of historic window openings perceivable from the exterior is not acceptable.

Accessibility

Ensuring accessibility to historic buildings for all people is of the utmost importance. It is possible to provide appropriate access and ensure that new elements do not diminish architectural character or historic features.

1 Accessibility features should be located in the least visible location possible.

2 New handrails and balusters should be simple in design.

3 New ramps should be made of concrete or wood.

4 New elements should be designed to be removable.

O

Detailed Accessibility Guidelines

5.3.1 Designed with Minimal Impacts

New accessibility elements should have as little impact on the historic fabric of the building as possible. They should be designed and installed so that they do not require removal of character-defining features. It is not appropriate to install ramps or other means of access that require changes to the original entry or porch.

O 5.3.2 Locate in Least Visible Location

Possible

Ramps and other accessibility features should be placed in a location with the least visibility from the street.

O 5.3.3 Designed to be Removable

New elements should be designed and installed so that they can be removed in the future without damaging historic fabric. In instances where installation of new elements requires construction over an existing stoop or porch, the existing stoop or porch shall be retained below.

O 5.3.4 Wood or Concrete Ramps

Wood or concrete ramps that have simple, non-intrusive detailing are most appropriate. Wood ramps should be stained or painted to better blend into the landscape.

X ARB 5.3.5 Metal Ramps or Other Materials

Metal ramps or ramps of other materials are not acceptable.

O 5.3.6 Simple Handrails & Balusters

Handrails, balusters, and other elements shall be of metal or wood and simple in character and finish. Finishes that blend with a building’s trim are most appropriate. Wire and cable handrails are not appropriate.

O 5.3.7 Lifts

Lifts should be located and installed in the location with the least amount of visibility from the street. To the extent feasible, lifts should recede into the ground or be built into a landscape feature that partially screens it from view.

O 5.3.7 Screening Using Landscaping

Consider using landscaping to screen new elements.

O 5.3.8 Widen Doors on Secondary Elevation

When Necessary

Where original entry doors must be widened to accommodate access, entries or openings on the secondary elevations or rear should be used rather than on the primary elevation.

O ARB 5.3.9 New Exterior Stairs to Access Upper Floor Apartments

New exterior stairs to access the entrance to an upper-floor apartment should be located on a secondary elevation and constructed to be compatible with the design, materials, and finishes on the building.

Section 6

Glossary & Resources

Key Definitions

O Best Practice

The best possible design solution or treatment for your structure. This will always be the preference when it is proposed.

O Good

The treatment or design solution is desired, but may not be the best possible solution or highest preference.

O Acceptable

The treatment or design solution is not desired or preferred but will be acceptable if proposed.

X Not Acceptable

The treatment or design solution is not acceptable and is highly unlikely to be approved if proposed. All non-acceptable treatments will go to ARB if proposed.

Primary Elevation

The side of the building that has the main entry and typically (but not always) faces the primary street in the area

Street or Street-facing Elevation

Any side of the building that faces either a primary street or a secondary street; does not include a side that faces the rear or the lot or an alley

Secondary Elevation

The side(s) of the building that does not have the main entry and typically faces either adjacent buildings or, if on a corner, faces the alley or secondary street in the area

Rear Elevation

The side of the building that is opposite the primary elevation and does not face a street

Public Right of Way

Any publicly owned land, including streets and alleys

PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY (ALLEY)

REAR ELEVATION

SECONDARY ELEVATION

SECONDARY TO MAIN STRUCTURE

STREET FACING/PRIMARY ELEVATION

PUBLIC RIGHT OF WAY (STREET)

Addition

Architectural Definitions

Construction that increases the existing size of a structure

Alteration

Any process that changes the exterior appearance of a building or individual feature

Asphalt Shingle

A composition shingle with an asphaltimpregnated felt base, surfaced with mineral granules

Awning

A roof-like cover that projects from a building and is designed to protect from weather or act as a decorative feature

Baluster

Vertical member under a railing that fills the opening between a handrail and the stair or floor; short pillars or other uprights that support a handrail, such as pickets or spindles

Balustrade

Series of balusters connected on top by a handrail, used on staircases, balconies, porches, etc.

Bay

Repetitive divisions into which a building is divided

Bracket

Projecting support member found under eaves or other overhangs; may be only decorative or may be used to support weight

Capital

The upper, decorated portion of a column or pilaster

Casement Window

A window that is hinged on one vertical edge

Cast Iron

Iron/carbon alloy that is poured as a hot liquid into molds to give it form; can easily be cast into almost any shape, but it is too hard and brittle to be shaped by hammering

Caulking

Method of filling with an elastic compound all of the small crevices, holes, and joints between different materials that cannot be sealed by any other method

Cement

Any material or mixture of materials (such as clay and limestone) that is allowed to harden in place; often combined with an aggregate (such as sand or gravel) to form concrete

Certificate of Appropriateness

Permit to proceed with new construction or alterations to property within a historic district

Chamfer

A beveled edge on the corner of a porch post

Character-defining Feature

Form, materials, design, craftsmanship, decorative elements and site features that characterize a property.

Chimney

A vertical shaft of masonry that encloses a flue designed to remove combustion products

Cladding

Exterior, non-structural finish material on a building

Clapboard

Twelve- to fourteen-inch hand-split boards used as overlapping horizontal siding

Column

Pillar that may be square, truncated, patterned, or circular and serves as a support for something resting on its top

Concrete

Mixture of sand, gravel, crushed rock, or other aggregate held together by a paste of cement and water; when hardened, concrete has great structural strength

Cornice

Projecting decorative molding along the top of a building or wall; the upper section of an entablature

Cupola

Small structure built on top of a roof, originally providing ventilation

Demolition

Any process that destroys in part or in whole a portion of a building or feature

Dormer

Vertical window projecting from the slope of a roof, usually with its own roof

Double-hung Window

A window composed of two movable sashes set one above the other

Eaves

Lower part of a roof that overhangs a wall

Elevation

View of a vertical face of a building

Entablature

Horizontal construction above a classical column or set of columns; includes three parts — architrave, frieze, and cornice

Facade

Front or face of a building; the main view of a building

Fanlight

Semicircular or fan-shaped window set above a door or window

Fenestration

The arrangement of window and door openings on a building

Fiber Cement Siding

A lightweight material that is manufactured to simulate wood products; resistant to rot, termites, and fire, and dimensionally stable

Fixed Window

A non-operable framed window

Flashing

Thin, continuous sheet of metal, plastic, or waterproof paper used to prevent water

passing through a joint in a wall, roof, or chimney

Frieze

Middle part of the entablature between the cornice and architrave, often decorated

Gable

Triangular end of a wall under a roof, formed by two sloping sides

Glazing

Fitting glass into windows or doors

Gutters

A horizontal trough located near the bottom edge of a roof slope to collect rainwater

Hip

A roof with four sloped sides

Infill

Buildings that have been designed and built to replace missing structures or buildings so they fill gaps in the streetscape

In-kind

Staying with the same material or items used originally

Joint

Junction at which two surfaces meet

Lite or Light

A glass pane in a window or door

Lime

Calcium oxide, which comes from burning limestone

Lintel

Horizontal structural member that supports a load over an opening; may be covered by ornamental or trim board

Massing

Physical volume or bulk of a building; the building’s arrangement and organization in relation to the physical site and other buildings

Molding

A linear decorative element

Mortar

Substance used in bricklaying to join masonry units; usually made of cement or lime mixed with sand and water and dries hard and firm

Mullion

The vertical bar between coupled windows or multiple windows

Muntin

Strips separating panes of glass in a window sash

Newel Post

A post supporting one end of a handrail at a flight of stairs

Oriel Window

A bay window located above the first floor level supported by brackets or corbels

Pane

A single piece of window glass

Patina

Mellowing of age on any material due to exposure to the elements. This causes the material to look different than the day it was installed.

Pediment

Triangular part of a gabled roof often used as a crowning element above doors or windows

Pier

A square masonry or concrete support for a building or porch

Pilaster

Flattened column attached to a wall for decoration

Pitch

Slope of a roof

Pointing

The process of removing deteriorated mortar from the joints of a masonry wall and replacing it with new mortar

Pressed Tin

Thin sheets of tin molded into decorative designs and used to cover interior walls and ceilings; sometimes used on exteriors in protected locations

Primers

First coatings that prepare the surface to accept other coatings such as paint

Rafter Tail

The exposed portion of a rafter that overhangs an exterior wall

Rail

When referring to a window, the horizontal members that meet in the center of two sashes

Railing

Top member of a balustrade

Rhythm

Sense of movement created by the regular recurrence of elements across the face of a building, as in the spacing of doors and windows

Roof

The part of the structure which covers and protects it from weather, together with decorative elements such as cresting, coverings, chimneys, and other elements

Sash

The framework into which window panes are set

Scale

Absolute height and width in relation or proportion to neighboring buildings

Setback

Distance from the front of any part of a building to the street right of way

Shadowline

Markings left from an original element that has been removed

Shed roof

A roof that is pitched in a single direction.

Shingle

Thin piece of wood, slate, or tin used in overlapping rows to form the surface of an exterior wall or roof; may be laid in patterns (imbricated)

Sidelight

Narrow, vertical windows on each side of a door

Sill

A horizontal member at the bottom of a window

Simulated Divided Light Window

A window in which a single, full-length piece glass is set behind affixed muntins to simulate a true divided light window

Soffit

The underside of a roof overhang

Streetscape

The characteristics of the street and features along it, as well as their arrangement and relationship to one another

Stucco

Plaster or cement applied to exterior walls; can be decoratively textured

Terra Cotta

Fine-grained, fired clay product used as exterior building ornamentation or as roofing tiles

Tooling

Finishing of a mortar joint by pressing and compacting it to create a particular profile

Transom

Small window or series of panes above a door

True Divided Light

A window in which the glass is installed as individual small panes

opening to seal against water and air penetration

Window

A glazed opening in a wall that provides an interior space with natural light and ventilation

Window Hood

Protective and sometimes decorative cover found over doors and windows

Wrought Iron

Almost pure iron that is soft and bendable, and can be forged or bent into many shapes

Sliding Window

Overlapping horizontally sliding sashes

Weatherboard

Wood siding for the exterior covering of a frame building

Weather Stripping

A narrow, compressible band used between the edge of a window or door and the

6.3

Historic District Terminology

Period of Significance

The period when the historic events associated with a historic district occurred. The most recent National Register Nomination for the South Frankfort Neighborhood Historic District has a period of significance for 1833-1963.

Contributing Resource

The building or feature was constructed during the district’s period of significance and makes a construction to the historic and/or architectural importance of the district as a whole.

Noncontributing Resource

The construction date falls outside the district’s period of significance or the building or feature has been altered to such a degree that it no longer visually contributes to the significance of the district.

The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation

The “Secretary’s Standards” are the recognized standard for best practices when giving a renewed life to a historic building. They are used as a basis for the development of most design guidelines in historic districts in the United States, and they are regulatory to determine eligibility for federal and state historic tax credits.

Rehabilitation

The act or process of making possible a compatible use for a property through repair, alterations, and additions while preserving those portions or features which convey its historical, cultural, or architectural values.

The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation

1. A property will be used as it was historically or be given a new use that requires minimal change to its distinctive materials, features, spaces and spatial relationships.

2. The historic character of a property will be retained and preserved. The removal of distinctive materials or alteration of features, spaces and spatial relationships that characterize a property will be avoided.

3. Each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or elements from other historic properties, will not be undertaken.

4. Changes to a property that have acquired historic significance in their own right will be retained and preserved.

5. Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property will be preserved.

6. Deteriorated historic features will be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature will match the old in design, color, texture and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features will be substantiated by documentary and physical evidence.

7. Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, will be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic materials will not be used.

8. Archaeological resources will be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures will be undertaken.

9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction will not destroy historic materials, features, and spatial relationships that characterize the property. The new work will be differentiated from the old and will be compatible with the historic materials, features, size, scale and proportion, and massing to protect the integrity of the property and its environment.

10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction will be undertaken in such a manner that, if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

Archaeology Considerations

Frankfort’s historic districts contain archaeological resources, and this information is provided so that you can be mindful of their preservation as you execute your project.

Did you know?

Ҍ Once an archaeological site has been disturbed, the site’s integrity is destroyed and it can never be replaced.

Ҍ The best preservation tool for an archaeological site is to leave it alone.

Ҍ Sometimes what might seem like a good preservation plan for construction or rehabilitation of an architectural structure might be the worst preservation plan for an archaeological site.

Ҍ Did you know that, chances are, if a historic structure existed, but is no longer standing, the remains of the structure (above or below ground) could now be an archaeological site.

Examples of Archaeological Features Likely To Exist In Frankfort’s Historic Districts

Ҍ Rock walls

Ҍ Iron fencing

Ҍ Wells

Ҍ Basements

Ҍ Privies

Ҍ Cisterns

Note: Archaeological features can also be components of architectural landscapes.

In the case of archaeological features such as wells, basements, privies, etc., it is often the best preservation practice to line these subterranean features with construction-grade plastic and fill them with “clean” dirt prior to construction

CONSIDERING ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES DURING CONSTRUCTION

Ҍ Was there a historic structure located in this area? Or multiple structures over time?

Ҍ Did a historically significant person live here?

Ҍ What do historic maps show in this area (Sanborn)?

Ҍ Has there been significant ground disturbance in this area?

Ҍ Is there a way to preserve the archaeological site during construction?

Ҍ Have you checked with the Office of State Archaeology to see if an archaeological site has been identified in the area where construction or rehabilitation is proposed?

Source: anthropology.as.uky.edu/recorded-archaeological-sites

A Brief Description and History of the Special Capital Historic Zoning District

The Special Capital Historic Zoning District is primarily residential and has a rich history. Encompassing the area that locals refer to as “South Frankfort,” this neighborhood was actually a separate town in our city’s early history and was annexed in 1850. Along the streets initially mapped in the earliest years of the 19th century, a variety of housing types were built by people from a mix of socioeconomic backgrounds over the next two centuries. The historic neighborhood included the presence of industry, including coal and brick yards; sawmills, lumber yards, a large distillery with a nearby cooperage; furniture manufacturing, and more. Houses were constructed for the families of workers in these industries along South Frankfort’s streets, and small stores to serve neighborhood needs appeared in key locations.

In the early years of the 20th century, our state’s newest Capitol (Kentucky’s 4th) and Governor’s Mansion (Kentucky’s 2nd) were constructed on the south end of the neighborhood, a pinnacle crowning a unique and diverse neighborhood. As time marched on, the neighborhood continued to evolve and change. Prohibition and the continued expansion of automobile ownership altered the types of commercial activity in South Frankfort, and some industrial sites gave way to new housing. The neighborhood witnessed firsthand the demonstrations and protests closely tied to our state’s struggle to advance Civil Rights, which included a march on Capital Avenue of approximately 10,000 people on March 5, 1964, led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

In 1978, the City experienced its worst flood, leading to the construction of a flood wall along the north edge of South Frankfort in the 1990s.

After the 1978 flooding disaster, a planning effort to preserve the unique character of this multifaceted neighborhood was initiated. Residents expressed support for the South Frankfort Neighborhood Plan (1981), which included recommendations to advance historic preservation activity and expand the Architectural Review Board’s role to assist with the management of change. The South Frankfort Neighborhood National Register District was designated in 1982 (and later expanded in 2013). This federal historic district makes contributing properties eligible for historic preservation tax credits, but it does not have the power to regulate change or prevent demolition. A separate public process that created the Special Capital Historic Zoning District took place in the mid-1980s, after the significance of the neighborhood was established through the National Register designation. The establishment of the local historic zoning district ensures the unique historic character of this neighborhood will be preserved for future generations.

Acknowledgments

CITY OF FRANKFORT BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

Mayor Layne Wilkerson

Commissioner Kelly May

Commissioner Katrisha Waldridge

Commissioner Leesa Unger

Commissioner Kyle Thompson

City Manager Jason Monroe

SPECIAL THANKS TO

Frankfort-Franklin County Planning Commission

City of Frankfort Architectural Review Board

City of Frankfort Zoning Update Committee

PLANNING AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

Eric Cockley, Director

Vicki Birenberg, Historic Preservation Officer

Jordan Miller, Senior Community Planner

PROJECT

TEAM

Designing Local

Joshua Lapp, Principal

Matt Leasure, Principal

Amanda Golden, Managing Principal

Benjamin D. Rickey Co.

Nancy Recchie, Principal

Jeff Darbee, Principal