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Story of Coin for wealth Cl
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Coin NOUN
a metal disc or piece used as money metal currency, as opposed to securities, paper currency, pay a person back in his own coin to treat a person in the way that he has treated others the other side of the coin the opposite view of a matter verb to make or stamp (coins) to make into a coin to fabricate or invent (words, etc) informal to make (money) rapidly (esp in the phrase coin it in ) “Time is the coin of your life. it is the only coin you have , and only you can determine how it will be spent. Be careful lest you let other people spend it for you.” CARL SANDBURG
Wealth NOUN
a great quantity or store of money, valuable possessions, property, or other riches: the wealth of a city. an abundance or profusion of anything; plentiful amount: a wealth of imagery. all things that have a monetary or exchange value. anything that has utility and is capable of being appropriated or exchanged. rich or valuable contents or produce: the wealth of the soil. the state of being rich; prosperity; affluence: persons of wealth and standing “ Wealth is our organised capability to cope effectively with the environment in sustaining our healthy regeneration and decreasing both the physical and metaphysical restrictions of the forward days of our lives.” BUCKMINSTER FULLER
This long journey that has been A Coin for Wealth. I sit down today to survey what has been my history through making this piece. Although I imagine a linear progression, the first thing I pull out of the bags that have sat filling for a year and a half is a poem
The Coin Into my heart’s treasury I slipped a coin That time cannot take Nor a thief purloin, – Oh better than the minting Of a gold-crowned king is the safe-kept memory of a lovely thing. SARAH TEASDALE
and the story of how its evolved goes out of sequence as the whole making has drifted from adventure to dream, idea to possibility, like the way money can slip through your hands Coin started right after the last gifts was done…
The first moment was a visit to Waddestone Hall home of the Rothschilds with Tamsin. I bought a small tin that had an illustration of coins on the lid. I remember thinking, ah the piece has begun. In this overdecorated stately home built with wealth. A good place to start a piece on money. I had just read Glass Hare with Amber Eyes and Edmund de Waal’s artwork was placed among the high decoration of the place. He struck me as an interesting person to be in touch with, and though I did contact him he politely declined an interview. A first instance of possibility, a refusal, then forgotten, a dream or idea reached for and then gone. In that box I have collected coins made in those squashing coin machines wherever I have come across them. I have two from Canada, one from the CN Tower in Toronto and one from Niagara Falls, one from the funicular at Hastings, one from Iceland and Chris brought me back one from Australia. Its a funny thing to do to a coin to keep as a souvenir of a place, put your penny in and get out a flat piece of metal imprinted with where you are. A way of changing money into something ‘worthless’, instead it carries a memory of where you have been. In this project I have continually been tripped up by unexpected feelings about wealth and however trivial, like this example, it has added to the floundering that this gift has brought to me. With this one I wonder how to give the gift of the long gathering and shedding of the various trails it has led me on and the endless quarries I have searched in. Soon after I found myself in the British Museum to see their new layout of the Coin Collection including that clever one the suffragettes made to get the vote. In the early 1900s this British penny was defaced with ‘Votes For Women’. A great use of a coin to influence and change the world. I picked up some beautiful coin postcards the owl of the goddess Athena from a four drachma coin, struck at Athens 440BC gold medallion of Constantine the Great at prayer, Croatia AD 306-37 pierced aureus of Marcus Junius Brutus 43-42 BC gold gold Mohur commemorating the father of a Mughal Emperor India AD1605 and why are coins ‘struck’? To strike a coin.
I visited my father and asked him for some old coins. I knew he would have some around as I had grown up finding Roman coins in the Christmas pudding. He had an old cardboard box from his mother in the chest of drawers in his bedroom. He gave me this crumbling edifice and I started on my morning ritual of taking a coin out and writing about it. I did this over six months making a coin diary. Later I took the coins and asked Suzanne to make a tunic with them, my own good luck symbol. coins are disappearing from use, from being made then maybe money will follow the end of coin history and humans, exchange and change, hand in hand
I had asked Chris Drury to work on this Gifts and our first meeting was full of laughter. Though talking about wealth quickly ends in money and for Chris the conundrum of doing the gifts was the thought of making things for no payment. ‘I lose my identity if I cannot make money, it is a priority.’ Having spent his life proving that he could make a good living from making art to make something with ‘gift economy’ was an interesting proposition. Our ideas came tumbling out. a dance with a metal detector, a life story of a coin, follow a penny for a year, coin as a token of time, skill, effort and value, find an obsessive coin collector, coin a phrase, penny for your thoughts, spend a penny, Miss Moneypenny, money doesn’t grow on trees, visit the Mint (I tried, it is in Wales and it was being renovated and they did not want any visitors), con tricks with coins, fake money, ‘mint tea’ I found coin trees made by hammering coins into bark like a snakeskin for good luck in ancient Britain. Coin swords to fight off evil. Coin shaped charms to drive away disease or evil. The tradition of using charms in the shape of coins dates back 2,000 years or earlier. Coins as money represented power, so a traveling charm filled with powers. love tokens the ones made in twos, one for the convict sent to Australia the other for the family left behind inscribed love and forget-me-not touch pieces – those gold coins placed around the necks of the sick by kings and queens to ward off illness
My first outing with Chris was to the Museum at the Bank of England. The Bank of England, the creation of Sir John Soane has also been through its bumpy ride in the pursuit of money. ‘The virtual rebuilding of the Bank of England in 1921-37 is – in spite of the Second World War – the worst individual loss suffered by London architecture in the first half of the twentieth century.’ NIKOLAUS PEVSNER
I liked Handel’s account books, lifting a gold bar, then getting a chocolate block to take home, and the gold bar keyring that has held my house keys ever since. The Bank of England was my first site for Coin. When we walked around the outside of the bank we found a perfect location for a bell at the Tivoli corner. Our second outing was to the White Eagle Foundry in Hurstpierpoint to talk about whether we could cast a bell made of coins in their foundry. The answer was possible but we would need to make the crucible. The third outing was to interview David Kowitz. Our fourth outing was to Pevensey. I took Chris to walk through my idea of how an event could unfold. He was sceptical as it felt like I was trying to create a palace out of a sow’s ear but he understood my convoluted logic as we looked at The Old Mint House, and the thought of the minting of coins in 1153.
The Bell This was our idea. We wanted to forge a bell made from melted coins, then ring it and listen to the ‘sound of money’. I wanted this bell to be human sized, I had some idea of being inside it and it being the size of Michelangelo’s Vitruvian Man. Chris knew we needed old pennies which were made of copper to work well and to make a bell-like sound. So the search for the coins began. I tried the Mint knowing they had refused even a visit and was not unexpected to find that they did not have any old pennies, they were all melted. A few days later I was at a conference about crowdsourcing and wondered if anyone would crowd source pennies instead of money. WeFundUs were enthralled by the idea and even offered to collect coins at their office but after trying to put it together it fizzled out as the practicalities of it and the ambition became too much. A while later I was told about a couple of barrels of old pennies in an antique shop in the Old Town, Hastings, Our ambitions were now more down to the size of a handbell! I went off there, as I was approaching the shop Chris phoned me with a sudden possibility of an acquaintance of his whose mother had been left a huge amount of pennies. We were thrilled and put our hopes towards that. Then we waited and the possibility faded away. By this time I had gone in one direction, smaller and Chris had gone in another direction and had thought of ‘For Whom The Bell Tolls’ a large Bell for the City of London and even more expansive, had created a project called COSMOS which could quite possibly be one of the most expensive or priceless pieces that could be made. I had discovered that our first idea already existed in a bell made from coins at the United Nations, that is tolled a few times a year. I tried to find even a recording but it proved impossible and I was lining up a friend to go and record it in New York when, in the middle of the night, I found there was a copy of the bell in Australia. I sent a quick email and a few seconds later an email came back with a video which had the sound of the bell. I was thrilled, I had found the sound of money. But what a huge journey to find the ephemeral. Web address for bell sound http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKot8kThnXE
Chris’ explanation for COSMOS During discussions about the project we had an idea to make a work about the sound of money by casting a bell from donated copper coins. We looked into crowd sourcing this. But there were a number of problems: 1. It is illegal to melt down coins 2. All modern coins are made from coated steel and would be a problem to melt. 3. This has already been done as peace bells for the UN in New York and in Australia. However the idea of a bell remained and I began to have the idea of a bell, which was rung randomly by incoming cosmic rays from the universe. I researched this with a physicist at Sussex University and discovered it was possible. What is more a physics device for capturing the traces of incoming cosmic rays (muons) is called a Cloud Chamber. It has long been a dream of mine to combine a physics cloud chamber with one of mine, which works like a camera obscura. In fact if you Google Cloud Chamber a number of images come up for both. During the research I was looking for large metal vessels, which would cheaply double as both a bell and a Cloud Chamber. I came up with wine vats, and by far the most beautiful were large wooden barrels. I felt that an upturned vat would do as a chamber for projecting clouds inside via an aperture at the top – a cloud chamber. If this vat was then cast in bronze as a bell and suspended in a darkened building, and with a physics cloud chamber placed underneath with a lens on top, then the image of incoming cosmic ray traces could be projected on the inside of the bell. At the same time a counting devise placed at the side would strike the bell at every 1000th or so trace entry. At the moment this remains as an idea seeking a venue and funding and for now we are showing the drawing with the sound of the Australian coin peace bell: the sound of money. – Chris Drury
The day after Bread on October 9th 2012 I emailed my nephew Pat who had written a piece about a coin when he was fifteen. I asked him to send it again, he refused saying it was terrible! He would come up with something new and he did, a wonderful idea, of telling the story of a coin through one day, using found film footage. I was thrilled imagining old bits of westerns, black and white French revolution movies, horrors, documentaries… I looked forward to seeing it. It was a hugely ambitious idea then Pat got busy and it began to fade from fruition, in fact, writing this, I find I had forgotten all about it. I have found a note saying ‘visit Bodiam castle’ as I remember them finding coins in the moat while dredging it when I was a child. Also there is a wishing well full of coins. Another instance of hoping for good luck, throwing a coin into the water was thought of as a gift to the gods. Is there a wishing well at the Bank of England? Sometimes you have to throw the coin over your shoulder like the Trevi Fountain in Rome to get a wish. I wonder if there is anyone who has travelled round the world visiting every wishing well? look after the pennies and the pounds will look after themselves. somehow I have not taken too much care of the pennies and everything we wanted to create needed pounds. I think money is about fantasy, dreams, ambitions, feels like all these pieces could be ‘blueprints’, plans, drawings, writings, for what ‘Coin for Wealth’ might be…
My father called to tell me that the Whistler prize at the University of Sussex had been won by Sarah Hoile the title being ‘What can be learnt from the study of site finds and hoards of Roman coins found around Britain’. I got in touch to see if Sarah knew more about coins. She certainly did and I attach part of her letter here. Dear Clare I have been thinking about coins quite a bit recently as I have been at a British Museum summer school on Medieval Numismatics. It was amazing to see so many coins from a wide geographical area and from a period of around 1000 years. I think one interesting thing about coins is that they seem familiar, because their form and apparent purpose can appear very similar to those we carry around in pockets and purses. This can be a good way to relate to people in the past, but also slightly deceptive – for example, we’re used to the fact that the head of the ruling monarch is on our coins, but some medieval rulers continued using the head of their predecessor to show continuity. Some meanings expressed by coins may not be straightforward either. Some of the really interesting coins I saw at the British Museum were Viking coins from York, which had a mixture of Christian and pagan Norse symbolism. In some cases it wasn’t quite clear which was which – there is a coin with a bird which could be the raven of Odin or an eagle of St John (http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/ cm/s/anlaf_guthfrithsson_penny.aspx). Also, I find the use of coins really interesting. As part of my current course I wrote an essay on exchange practices in the early medieval period, and there is a lot of debate about how monetised the economy was at this time, and the extent to which other types of exchange (barter, elite gift-giving etc.) were used. Coins link in with so many different areas of study of the past and the body of evidence is increasing as new finds are recorded (e.g. at http://finds.org.uk/), and I think one of the amazing thing about coins is that they can be looked at as individual objects but also on a much larger scale. They exist in vast quantities and in a huge range of designs and the potential for all kinds of research is really broad. That’s a bit rambling, but in general I find coins fascinating, and I’m hoping to have the opportunity to identify and research coins in the future. Yours Sarah
Books What comes After Money? Daniel Pinchbeck & Ken Jordan Sacred Economics, Money, Gift and Society in the Age of Transition Charles Eisenstein I had a hard time reading these books for the project, they flipped all my thoughts about money around. Having to think about money has been challenging for me. I am one of those people who knows the bills are there but attacks and muddles through in my own kind of way with a general proviso that I can sort of sort it out. Doing this project has been one of the first times I have actually been anxious about money, for me analysing it has caused my own distress and it was only when I released thinking about it so much that an underlying anxiety let go. I can understand how money worries can take over your world. I wish I could get a Penny Falls machine on ebay! see a penny pick it up and all day long you’ll have good luck leave it there and you’ll despair (some people believe that if the coin is face down its best to leave it there) “Our biggest task for the year ahead is to get a grip on money.” Article on money by Stuart Jefferies, The Guardian January 2nd 2014. From my working on this project I think it would be highly unlikely to ever get a grip on money…. coupled with a 2012 Metro advertising feature ‘Recognising decency from the banking industry, ‘ for people who are Britain’s most decent people. They received a hand crafted silver coin with ‘a decent way to do banking’ on it. Curious. The search for where to site Coin I had almost been able to have Coin in the Bank of England. When that possibility was over I did go and see the I M Pei building but they were confounded by the thought of it. The Goldsmith’s Livery Building was too much gold, and really, if you were nearly at the Bank of England it has to be somewhere else pretty special. Gradually over the months I lost hope of finding the best place.
Right at the start I had looked up The Old Mint in Pevensey but had gone no further, now I did. I went and walked around the village and looked at the shuttered disintegrating Mint House and thought, all dreams of money come to this‌ and looking around the village I saw it could illustrate this well. The first early castle, the Roman wealth, the sea retreated, the smallest court room in England with the smallest jail and of course beyond: the sea, holder of many dreams and sailing adventures. A place to wash our hands of the filthy lucre of money, the trappings of coins, the possibilities of wealth and the waves of history that show it comes and goes, comes and goes, and yet‌ the dream of wealth will always creep back, as in the larger, more abundant meaning of the word I hope it always will.
Alongside my meetings with Chris which happened at Friday tea times, I was doing a series of interviews. I had a single question. ‘What does wealth mean to you?” The first was with Adam Croft a teacher in a progressive school in Seattle who I met on a course in Italy, followed by Karen Clarke-Whistler my sister in law who is an environmentalist working in banks, then with Chris we interviewed David Kowitz a hedge fund manager and art collector. I met and interviewed Charlie Bean Deputy Governor of the Bank of England, James Marritott of Platform – arts, activism, research, education, Bill Drummond, who famously burnt a million pounds with Foundation K, Laura Gwynne a dancer living on gift economy, Arthur Brown, musician and traveller, Christine Kettaneh artist and former economist and Paradise, youth worker and lyricist. Many thanks to Jenny Haken with help putting them together. Chris began his making of ‘a portrait of wealth’ using the interview with David Kowitz.
And still I did not know what and where Coin should be. But after my interview with Christine I found I really wanted to ask her to contribute to A Coin for Wealth from her special viewpoint of artist and economist. This is what she wrote. The Metaphors The language used in economics is very metaphorical. The non-economist finds it easier to see the metaphors than does an economist, for the economist is habituated to them by daily use. As I took a step back from the field, I actually started seeing the rhetoric in the economic language. It is beautiful! I considered different metaphors that are commonly used in economics. I finally decided on a list that gives off tactile associations. They are: Equilibrium Maximizing Elasticity Liquidity Volatility The invisible hand In brief, those are the economic ideas behind each: Equilibrium: is a state where economic forces such as supply and demand are balanced and in the absence of external influences the equilibrium values of economic variables will not change. For example, market equilibrium refers to a condition where a market price is established through competition such that the amount of goods or services sought by buyers is equal to the amount of goods or services produced by sellers. Maximizing: an assumption that on average all entities in an economy behave rationally and have maximizing goals. That is, firms want to maximise profit, consumers want to maximise their utility (happiness), government wants to maximise public welfare... Elasticity: The measure of responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good to a change in its price. Also: Measure of responsiveness of the demand of a good to a change in consumer income. Also: Measure of responsiveness of the demand of a good due to a change in the price of a substitute.... Liquidity: is an asset’s ability to sell quickly without having to reduce its price very much. Money, or cash, is the most liquid asset, because it can be “sold” for goods and services instantly with no loss of value. That is, it can be used immediately to perform economic actions like buying, selling, or paying debt, meeting immediate wants and needs. Volatility: is a measure of the variation of the price of a financial instrument (like a stock or bond) over time. The invisible hand: is a metaphor conceived by Adam Smith to describe the self-regulating behaviour of the marketplace. Individuals’ efforts to maximise their own gains in a free market may benefit society, even if the ambitious have no benevolent intentions.
These beautiful words and their meanings became the basis for my experiments to make work with glass vases, water, and myself with Alex MacInnis, my filmmaker friend, who just happened to be coming to stay. He did work on Gifts 2 Coal. Alex arrived with his own poignant memory about coins and his mother’s move into dementia, so a flurry of filming, along with visits to Pevensey. I think I had given up on Coin before Christmas. I made myself make a date so it would have to happen. I had a flurry of hoping that the Pevensey event would work out, that I could make it work. I had a pleasant meeting with the new owners of the Hotel and their flourishing tea shop, they were fine for me to have something in there as they were officially opening the following week and I could be a ‘try out’. We talked about the Old Mint House and that it was a very delicate situation. They advised me to write a letter and actually put it through the letterbox of the disused building as someone did come around at odd times to pick up mail. I went home and wrote a very persuasive letter – but again total silence. I think they knew that no communication at all and people eventually go away. When I was first trying to get permission I went and talked to the Tingley Estate Agents in Eastbourne as I had found a for sale notice in the rubbish one of the first times I visited. I had to wait a few visits before the man who dealt with The Old Mint House was there. When I finally met him and told him my wishes he looked uncomfortable and admitted that the situation was difficult and though he might venture to ask he knew there would be a negative answer. I begged him to ask anyway though I will never know if he did. In some ways it became more mysterious and intriguing. When Alex arrived we went immediately to see the building, tried to climb in the overgrown back yard full of weeds and white plastic chairs, get to the many chimneys overtaken by weeds. A quite deliberate allowance of decay. I had based my whole thinking on the Mint House and the idea of Roman coins being made there. In many ways Pevensey is a good example of what I wanted to say – after a long slow wave of prosperity it leaves. Much like the receding sea.
I had thought through the whole pathway of my piece. I will tell you so you can imagine it. I was going to ask everyone to meet at the Royal Oak and to play in the garden, shove ha’penny and to hammer pennies into a coin tree, they had an old log ready for it. I was going to give the interviews to be read as well. We would then proceed to the Church, seat of power and siege and where a poor box would have been offered for you to give, then through a tiny alleyway to the Old Court House, the smallest in England. Upstairs Peter the local historian, would have talked about all the wealth that had passed through the town, castle, church, magna carta, court, mint, harbour, rail etc. There are some incredible weights and measures that have remained in equilibrium since the 1880s, he was going to allow me to change all the coins and perform with them. He was excited to meet all of you, I have disappointed him. Having given chocolate coins for all to find, we were then going to steal them from each other, and whoever had the most would have been put in the one room jail. Wealth and money always seemed to attract crime, even from the days of smuggling. This doggerel performance was going to be like a keystone cops re-enactment. I had hoped to have a ribbon printed with all the coins to unroll along with us on the route as we crossed the road to The Mint and down into the hotel to see the portrait of wealth and the films of economics and the other coin story, all set against the backdrop of Pevensey Castle. I had spent months trying to get English Heritage to lend me the empty tea shop built into the castle walls. Again it was a mass of hopes and disappointments, letters and meetings, waiting for bureaucracy and dealing with personal vendettas, and the forms put me off too. Earlier this year I had met a historian who lives in Pevensey Bay and he wrote a whole history of the town for me, thank you Rod Barker. A moment in the castle and the wealth of a man and his castle being a home and the wealth that is a home, before walking past the car park built on the site of a large manor house. I wanted to make a willow outline of it, or a chalk mapping on the concrete, another blueprint of possibilities come and gone. Then a walk through the meadow and over the railway track where I hoped we would all lay coins on the rail for a passing train to run them over and then to pick them up, squashed, afterwards. Chris and I did it last July and Alex and Elinor did in April although we were so involved in picking them up after the train that we failed to see another approaching from the other direction and had to run! My plan was to give everyone a pound to buy something that represented wealth from the weekly Boot Fair which is held most Sundays. I had been in touch during the year to make sure it would be on and they had been worried after all the spring rain but had finally decided to start in May. Then a trek all the way to the sea where the six economic words would be enacted. A final turning towards The Sandcastle to be invited in for tea. This amazing place built in 1934 in the
style of the De La Warr Pavilion, a hotel liked by Edward and Wallis Simpson, has recently been finished after a five year renovation, a jewel of a 30’s style villa, made like a cruiser with a swimming pool on its deck. We would have been surrounded by immense wealth in an unexpected place. When I found the Sandcastle my dream for Coin was complete. Using Pevensey for Coin contained so many different avenues into contemplating wealth. I wanted you to know what I had been planning but it is just another example of trying and dreaming and hoping and then fizzling out. The Sandcastle I decided to write a letter and ask if we could use this magnificent house. By now I was really at peace with myself that everything I tried with Coin depended on people joining with the idea of gifts and wealth. I have found, of course, that there is almost no more controversial area, money seems more taboo than death. In the rain I walked up to the security gates and found a parcel drop, hoped for the best and walked away. This project has definitely made me inhabit my pessimistic side, nothing has been easy. The owner asked me to visit with a tentative ok. I tried to dampen my hopes. We met, I loved the place. It is completely redone, a dream of five years of dedication, researched from old photographs undoing a whole Marbellalike complex to white formalism with 30s paintings and furniture. I was overwhelmed by the place and truly liked the owner and her effort in completing such a dream. I stayed two hours and left with her saying she would let me know by the end of the Bank holiday, I was optimistic when I left. Though no surprise, on May 4th I got the no. Now only three weeks till the event and I did not want to cancel. This needed to be done or it would endless.
Coin… I thought of completely different ways to go – find a black room, take everyone in, close the door and call it a ‘safe’, and deliver everything I had gathered, just needed it near water. Then I thought if its going to be a hopeless mess of a piece/event let me have it in a beautiful place so at least something would be ok. I knew the Coastguard Cottages from a workshop with Kay, wonderful surroundings, a welcoming home, no electricity and the sea carving it out from underneath. Maybe it represented wealth on lots of non-money levels. Anyway I set up a meeting for May 8th a completely whirling, swirling, soaking day, and knew it would be the place. Lucy and Vinny made me welcome and welcomed my ideas and Lucy offered to help with the refreshments. She became part of the gift givers immediately. Maybe the places not associated with money would actually provide the wealth. From that moment I relaxed, having been so worried I came to a conclusion I should just go with what I had and that would be the piece and all this research, wandering, reading, meetings, possibilities, dreams, would have a place of happening and being acknowledged and be encapsulated. Every ‘gift’ is a neverending symbol worthy of continual exploration and learning. This is what I can offer now. This is one of my favourite quotes found along the way All the pieces are unfinished or left as fragments, like the ruins of ambitious projects that nevertheless retain traces of the splendour and meticulous care with which they are conceived. Heads or tails?
COSMOS Chris Drury
Soap coins Christine Kettaneh
Coin Films Alex MacInnis
Mr Whippy, Pevensey Clare Whistler
Chris Drury, Alex MacInnis, Christine Kettaneh Karen Clarke-Whistler, James Marritott, Bill Drummond
Adam Croft, Laura Gwynne, Paradise Charlie Bean, Arthur Brown, David Kowitz
CW in Pevensey, Sign for the Old Mint House Pevensey Chris Drury at the Bank of England Museum, Coastguard Cottage, Wishing Well in Hastings
Envelopes of Ralfe Whistler’s coins, Box from Waddesdon Manor with coin souvenirs Coin on rail at Pevensey, The Sandcastle Pevensey Bay, Boot Fair at Pevensey
With incredible thanks to Chris Drury Christine Kettaneh Alex MacInnis Raphael Whittle Suzanne Wolf Kay Syrad Jenny Haken Peter Harrison Rod Barker Lucy & Robb Cunningham Charlotte Still All the interviewees Adam Croft Karen Clarke-Whistler David Kowitz Charlie Bean James Marriott Bill Drummond Laura Gwynne Arthur Brown Christine Ketteneh Paradise & everyone else along the way Coin books printed by Elephant Print
G IF TS SEV E N
Clare Whistler Š May 2014