ABPL20036 ENVIRONMENTAL BUILDING SYSTEMS ASSIGNMENT 01 DEV GOLDING 588 142
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A4.1 Justification of Siting, Orientation and Design Choices The aim of integrating the cockatoo house within the site was to implement and address specific passive design strategies to facilitate a comfortable environment and minimize the dwellings carbon footprint. Passive strategies included idealizing the building location & orientation, improving window design, incorporating thermal mass and zoning, integrating cross ventilation, determining insulation choices, and shading devices and selecting appropriate building envelope materials. Each element compliments the functioning of the system as a whole so an integrated and adaptive approach was adopted throughout the design process. Integral to the implementation of passive design is the identification and assessment of the local climatic conditions to determine what the predominant heating or cooling needs are. The site analysis revealed that the block ran north-south and that the local climate is typically cool but can be exposed to extremely hot summers. The height of the neighbouring dwellings also needed to be considered in order to prevent overshading which would detract from the effectiveness of any PV panels and solar hot water units. To address the heating needs of the dwelling, the building was re-orientated to allow the right amount of solar access to the living areas that would facilitate passive heating. This meant the living area was placed facing north to maximise winter sun intake. However, this also meant that appropriate shading was required to prevent overheating in summer. The chosen strategy to combat this was to install adjustable horizontal louvres that would allow the low level winter sun to penetrate the living room and provide heating through the thermal mass of the slab. This was complimented with the addition of the exposed rammed earth internal wall in the living room that will provide passive heating through thermal mass and therefore minimize the need for auxiliary heating.. The building envelope design was centred around the appropriate choice of insulation to ensure heat loss is minimized. This involved R1.5 insulation being installed in walls, R2.5 being installed at ceiling level, R1.8 under slab insulation and R1.0 reflective insulation being installed at roof level to ensure even and comfortable indoor temperatures are maintained. This was coupled with the use of timber framed, double glazed argon fill windows with a low u-value (to minimise heat loss) and high SHGC (to maximise solar intake). Thermal bridging needed to be addressed in order manage heat loss and therefore it was ensured that all ventilation ducts are insulated and sealed against leakage and that all doors and windows are weather sealed. The culmination of these choices was brought together with the external rammed earth walls offering high thermal mass to regulate internal temperatures and the large northern glazing to take advantage of the introduced thermal mass in the concrete slab. The added advantage of selecting rammed earth is that it is renewable, offers good thermal properties and has a low embodied energy content compared to traditional building materials. Colling strategies revolved around cross ventilation. Ceiling fans were included in the living space and all bedrooms, louvre windows were integrated at the south of the building and also in the living room to allow cool summer breezes to circulate, and landscaping was arranged to funnel cooling southern breezes in summer towards the building. These were also coupled with shading strategies including horizontal louvres to the north that would still provide solar access in winter, roller shutters being provided that would eleiminate harsh summer sun, and 500mm eaves to the perimeter of the building.
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A4.2 Material Schedule Code
Location/ Item
WT-01
External walls
WT-02
Internal Walls
CF-01
Ceiling Fan
Haiku Ceiling fan. Integrated with LED lighting
CL-01
Ceiling Lining
13mm GYPROCK ECO08 plasterboard. Water based low emission paint over plasterboard. R2.5 insulation with double sided reflective foil
DL-01
Down lights
DT-01
Internal Doors
Low emission MDF with recycled timber veneer
DT-02
Bifold doors
Approved recycled Victorian ash timber frame with GL01 infill
FL-01
Carpet
Bolon OSIER Fibre blend: 100% Renewable Vinyl. 2.7mm thick with 5mm underlay direct stick
FL-02
Floating Timber
Tongue and groove recycled stringybark timber floor boards, nailed only and insulated (no glue) with water based, Low VOC varnish
FL-03
Tiles
Seascape Terrazzo Stone Tiles by Fibonacci Stone. 600 x 600. Colour: Seascape fixed with low VOC adhesive and grout
FS-01
Slab on Ground
Concrete with fly ash/slag content cement: 80%
GL-01
Glazing type 01
Double glazed 10mm thick clear laminate glass argon fill. Ensure adequate weather sealing. U=2.6; SHGC = 0.53
HWS
Hot water system
Description
Reference Image
250mm recycled rammed earth; 20mm air gap; R1.5 insulation; 13mm GYPROCK ECO08 plasterboard Water based low emission paint over plasterboard 90mm timber studs; 20mm air gap both sides of insulation; R1.5 insulation; 13mm GYPROCK ECO08 plasterboard lining both sides. Water based low emission paint over plasterboard
Euroluce Low LED Comfort 105 down light
RINNAI Sunmaster 270L evacuator tube & electric booster system KNAUF EARTHWOOL Glass Wool Bio-Soluble Insulation. 80% recycled content. Roof: 75mm thick; R-value = 1.5 | Ceiling: 125mm thick; R-value= 2.5 | Walls: 75mm thick; R-value = 1.5 ClimaFoam Extruded Polystyrene (XPS) Board. Nom 50mm thick. R-value =1.8
IN-01
Insulation
IN-02
Under Slab insulation
RC-01
Sheet Metal Roofing
LYSAUGHT Colourbond sheet metal roofing. Colour: Monument grey.
RS-01
Roller Shutters
Motorized aluminium roller shutter integrated into lintel
RT-01
Rainwater Tank
STRATCO 10,000L rainwater tank. Colour: white
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A4.3 First-Rate 5: First Rate 5 Template and FR5 Report Initial Star Rating: 1.6 Floors: Description: change from timber framed floor to concrete slab on ground. Carpet to bedrooms, timber to hallway & living, tiles to utilities, ensuite and bathrooms. R1.1 under slab insulation added Change to Stars: +1.0
stars
Walls: Description: All external walls changed to rammed earth with 20mm ar gap, R1.5 insulation and plasterboard lining. R1.5 insulation added to all internal walls Living room party wall changed to rammed earth with rammed earth exposed to living room space to utilize north facing thermal mass Change to Stars: +2.3
stars
Ceilings: Description: R2.5 insulation with 1 sided reflective foil added to all ceilings. R1.0 reflective insulation added at roof level Roof cladding changed to dark coloured sheet metal roofing to aid conductive heat gain Change to Stars: +2.1
Windows: Description: windows re-sized to achieve <10% area to the south, max 30% to the east and west, and 60% to the north. All glazing changed to timber framed, double glazed argon fill glass. SJGC = 0.53, U-value = 2.6 Change to Stars: +0.8
Air Leakage and Design Features: Description: All exhaust fans weather sealed. Ensure all windows are weather sealed Change to Stars: +0.4
Final Star rating: 8.2
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A4.4 Justification of Services Heating The general climate of Melbourne dictated that heating would contribute most to the buildings energy consumption, therefore a focus was placed on the heating strategy. In addition to the passive heating strategies implemented a Hydronic coil in slab heating was used to compliment and take advantage of the thermal mass and on site generation. Zoning was implemented so that utility spaces do not receive auxiliary heat given the spaces are rarely inhabited and Hydronic panel heaters were used in bedrooms to provide space heating when necessary and were positioned under windows to prevent condensation. Hydronic systems were chosen as the running cots could potentially be fully offset through on-site generation from rainwater collection and solar hot water. The water required could be collected from rainwater harvesting, water heated through solar hot water, or alternatively boosted from an electric system that is powered by stored PV power. The other benefits of the hydronic coil in slab are that it is quiet and efficient to run and does not create drafts or dust circulation as traditional ducted systems would that could be potentially harmful to occupants with health concerns Cooling Cooling systems focussed on Natural ventilation from southerly breezes and ceiling fans to provide the cooling needs of the building. Windows are timber framed, double glazed to prevent conductive heat gain through thermal bridging. Thermally stable materials coupled with good insulation in walls coupled with the mass in the concrete slab and rammed earth aid heat purges and regulate internal conditions, therefore minimizing the need for any additional auxiliary cooling devices. Water The solar hot water system for the building is an evacuator tube Solar hot water unit with electric booster. Evacuated tubes were selected given they offer greater efficiency than traditional hot boxes and an electric booster meant that the gas system could be disconnected, therefore reducing the buildings reliance on fossil fuels. The Decoupled tank was stored on ground level externally due to limited internal space as a result of selecting thick rammed earth walls Rainwater is integrated throughout the use. A 10,000L above ground rainwater tank used to collect rainwater, and although it is large, there is plenty of room available on site for the system. A Filter is used so that rainwater can be used for drinking and a submersible pump is used to provide water to shower, dishwasher, washing machine at pressure. The submersible pump was selected to minimize operation noise. Finally, all fixtures that were selected are high efficiency to manage the flow of water Grey water collected from shower and washing machine for use in garden and toilet flushing. Grey water tolerant plants including birds of paradise, bottle brush and gardenias are to be planted. Electricity Monocrystalline PV panels are installed on the roof, facing north at an angle of 30° to maximise solar intake. A Tessla Powerwall was installed to store power generated throughout the day for night-time use. Large windows provided to the living room to allow maximum natural daylight therefore minimizing the need for lighting during the day. LED lights used throughout given they offer superior efficiency in comparison to halogens or other traditional lights. Landscape lighting powered with amorphous PV lights given the greater durability of the film. LED lighting integrated within ceiling fans to provide light living spaces and bedrooms.
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REFERENCES APRICUS Australia Solar Collector Http://Www.Apricus.Com.Au/Apricus-Solar-Collector/ Bosch Solar Module C-Si M 60 Http://Www.BoschSolarenergy.Com.Au/Media/Bosch_Se_Serviceorganisation/Kundendienst/Australien_5/Bosch_Solar _Modules/Bosch_Solar_Module_C_Si_M_60_Eu30117eu30123.Pdf Build Magazine Http://Www.Buildmagazine.Org.Nz/Assets/Pdf/Build-134-24-Build-Right-ConcreteEdge-Slab-Insulation.Pdf Bolon Botanic Carpet: Http://Bolon.Com.Au/En/Floors/Botanic Ching, Francis - Building Construction Illustrated Ching, Francis - Green Building Illustrated Clipsal Slimline Series Https://Www.Clipsal.Com/Slimline Clipsal Outdoor Range Https://Www.Clipsal.Com/Home-Owner/Products/PowerpointsSwitches/Outdoor-Range Ecospecifier Http://Www.Ecospecifier.Com.Au/ Energy. Retrieved from Http://Www.Yourhome.Gov.Au/Energy Euroluce Low Led Comfort 105 Http://Euroluce.Com.Au/Product-Item/Low-Led-Comfort105/Architectural/Reggiani Green Star Https://Www.Gbca.Org.Au/Green-Star/ Green Building Council of Australia. Retrieved from Http://New.Gbca.Org.Au/ Green Magazine Seascape Terrazzo Stone Tile - Https://Greenmagazine.Com.Au/Product/FibonacciStone/Seascape-Terrazzo-Stone-Tiles/ Gyprock Eco08 Plasterboard Http://Www.Gyprock.Com.Au/Documents/Gyprock-983-Ec08_Complete201307.Pdf Haiku Ceiling Fan Https://Www.Haikuhome.Com/Explore/I-Series FMG Engineering â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 6-Star Energy Ratings and Assessment. Retrieved from Https://Www.Youtube.Com/Watch?V=C2yo5dg8blo KNAUF Climafoam : Http://Www.Knaufinsulation.Com.Au/En/Content/Climafoam-ExtrudedPolystyrene-Xps#Tab_2 Kwok, Alison - The Green Studio Handbook Material Scorecard: Https://App.Lms.Unimelb.Edu.Au/Bbcswebdav/Pid-5378881-Dt-Content-Rid6743792_2/Courses/Abpl20036_2011_Sm2/Score_Card.Pdf Passive Design. Retrieved from Http://Www.Level.Org.Nz/Passive-Design/ Passivhaus Http://Passivehouse.Com.Au/Page/Passivhaus Passive House Australia Http://Passivehouseaustralia.Org/ Resilient Design Http://Www.Resilientdesign.Org/What-Is-Resilience/ DEV GOLDING | 588 142
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Rinnai Sunmaster Evacuator Tube Systems Http://Www.Rinnai.Com.Au/Hot-Water/Solar-Hot-WaterSystems/Sunmaster-Range/Sunmaster-Evt/ Selection of Environmentally Preferable Building Materials. Retrieved from: Https://App.Lms.Unimelb.Edu.Au/Bbcswebdav/Pid-5378881-Dt-Content-Rid6743792_2/Courses/Abpl20036_2011_Sm2/Score_Card.Pdf Solar Edge PV Inverter Http://Www.Solaredge.Com/Products/Pv-Inverter#/ STRATCO Rainwater Collector Tank Http://Www.Stratco.Com.Au/Products/Home-Improvement/PolyTank-Round-10000l/ Sustainability Workshop. Accessed July 28th Retrieved from: Http://Sustainabilityworkshop.Autodesk.Com/Buildings/Passive-Design-Strategies Sustainable Energy Authority Victoria (Seav). Www.Sustainability.Vic.Gov.Au TESSLA Powerwall Https://Www.Tesla.Com/En_Au/Powerwall Victorian Building Authority â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Six Star Standard. Retrieved from: Http://Www.Vba.Vic.Gov.Au/Consumers/6-Star-Standard WERS Http://Www.Wers.Net/Werscontent/Energy-Efficient-Windows/Heating-Climate-Zones Water. Retrieved from Http://Www.Yourhome.Gov.Au/Water Wilkie, G. (2011). Building Your Own Home: A Comprehensive Guide for Owner-Builders. Chatswood, N.S.W.: New Holland Publishers, 2011. Your Home Http://Www.Yourhome.Gov.Au/
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