Heroin Overdoses in Cincinnati

Heroin Overdoses in Cincinnati Correlation between Heroin overdoses phenomenon, demographics, and spatial components

Team 4 : Devyani Padubidri,Meryem Belkadi, Xintian Wang, Aharon Brown

The problematic

- What is the correlation between the spatial components of the city and the expansion of the use of drugs? What are the socio-economic factors driving the epidemic in each of the neighborhoods of the city?

Significance of the Problem

What is Drug Overdose?

Drug overdoses can be accidental or intentional. They occur when a person takes more than the medically recommended dose. However, some people may be more sensitive to certain medication, so the low (more dangerous) end of a drug may be toxic for them; a dose that is still within the range of acceptable medical use may be too much for their bodies to handle.

Illicit drugs, used to get high, may be taken in overdose amounts when a person's metabolism cannot detoxify the drug fast enough to avoid unintended side effects.

Exposure to chemicals, plants, and other toxic substances that can cause harm are called poisonings. The higher the dose or the longer the exposure, the worse the poisoning. Two examples are carbon monoxide poisoning and mushroom poisoning.

Source: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/drug-overdose#1

Sources of Data - Map of opioid overdoses: https://insights.cincinnati-oh.gov/stories/s/Heroin/dm3s-ep3u/ - Map of Cincinnati neighborhoods: https://www.arcgis.com/home/index.html - Map of land use: http://cagisonline.hamilton-co.org/cagisonline/ - Median Household Income: https://statisticalatlas.com/neighborhood/Ohio/Cincinnati/Corryville/Household-Income - Cincinnati population: https://statisticalatlas.com/place/Ohio/Cincinnati/Population

Literature - Muhamad Ludin, Ahmad. (2013). Impacts of Urban Land Use on Crime Patterns Through GIS Application. Journal of Malaysian Institute of Planners.

- Brochu Serge. (1995). Drogue et criminalité. Une relation complexe. Collection perspectives criminologiques. Presse de l’université de Montréal.

Inference : In this map,it shows the total number of heroin overdose in each neighborhood of Cincinnati.

The overdose density is highly in westwood, west price hill, over the rhine, and CBD.

Inference: This map shows the ratio of overdoses and employment ranges.

The employment distributed in different neighborhoods with a uniform distribution.

The cause of difference ratio between overdoses and employment tend to related to the overdose density.

The higher of this ratio, the overdoses tend to be more.

Inference : This map shows ratio-overdoses to education. The education attainment is inclined to be higher in east part of neighborhood,while the density of overdoses is lower in the part of these neighborhoods.

It means the highly relationship between education and heroin overdoses.

Also, the lower price hill has over 100 of ratio of overdoses to education, that is because in this neighborhood with high overdose with low education.

Inference : This is a ethnicity of Cincinnati neighborhood. The chart contains a display of ethnic demographics: ethnicity : white, black and other.

The overdose showed by the degree of the color, the darker of the color, the more overdoses in neighborhoods.

Most of neighborhoods with large ratio of blacks tend to have higher overdoses in most of neighborhoods.

Inference: In this map, it shows the population density in relation to heroin overdoses.

Neighborhoods around the western and central wards have a relatively higher population density.

There is higher population density in Over- the-Rhine and in Cuf. These neighborhoods also have relatively higher heroin overdose density than other area.

Inference : This map separates median income into five levels.

The neighborhood of Mount Lookout has the highest income, that it has only one overdose.

Besides, most of neighborhoods with high income would have low density of overdose,such as California, Oakley...

Inference : This is the predominant land use map of cincinnati neighborhoods.

The most of predominant land use is single family,which also shows the the relationship of predominant land use and overdoses density.

Predominant Land Use Map: How did we calculate the predominant Land Use

Cincinnati Land Use map http://cagismaps.hamilton-co.org

Clip Features (Cincinnati Neighborhoods)

Output: Feature classes of Land Use in each neighborhood instead of the whole city of cincinnati

Examples of Land Use statistics per neighborhood in the city of Cincinnati

Excel Table.

Using the bar chart in Excel, we Conversion Tool - could define for Add field in the Excel attribute table each neighborhood the predominant Land Use.

Displaying the new predominant land onto the map, and then we exported the data as a new feature class “Predominant Land Use�

Inference: This map displays the number of heroin overdoses in proximity to the bus routes.

The majority of the overdoses occur within 0 - 277.60 ft of the bus routes.

This coincides with the number of overdoses that occur around bus stops in the following map.

The overdoses are displayed as close in proximity to the bus route.

The map was created using the Euclidean distance and measured in feet.

Inference :

This map displays the proximity of the bus stops to the center of the neighborhood.

Neighborhoods on the West and Central Wards of the city have a higher density than neighborhoods on the East side of the city.

There may be a correlation between the proximity of bus stops and the frequency of heroin overdoses as neighborhoods with a closer proximity of bus stops have a higher density of overdoses.

On the East side neighborhoods with less proximity like Hyde Park (12 OD’s), and Mount Lookout (1) are much lower than neighborhoods of slightly higher accessibility such as Oakley (32) and Madisonville (21). *This low density could be due in large part to the difference in income levels of Mount Lookout.

Inference: In this map, we display the spatial relationship of heroin overdoses to green public spaces like parks across the city.

On the East side of the city; in neighborhoods like Hyde Park and Oakley, the neighborhood has smaller green spaces, the majority of overdoses occur outside of the parks.

This is similar to the West side despite having larger green spaces.

Neighborhoods like Westwood and Mount Airy also see the majority of overdoses occur outside of public parks.

There is a similar trend across the Central wards with overdoses occurring around pockets of green space.

Inference : This map, shows the comparison of overdoses in relation to social service agencies i.e. Health Clinics and Homeless shelters. The majority of overdoses occurred outside of homeless shelters (749) as compared to overdoses outside of clinics (439).

There is a buffer of around half mile radius around the shelter. This coincides with the fact that the majority of bus stops are closer to homeless shelters in the city.

Employment data

Symbolize Attributes

Ratio of Overdoses to Employment Rate Map

Education attainment data

Symbolize Attributes

Ratio of Heroin Overdoses to Education Map

ld

ie df Ad

ld

fie Add

Statistical Atlas

Add field Ad

Ethnicity data

Symbolize Attributes

Heroin Overdose to Ethnicity Map

Cincinnati population data

Symbolize Attributes

Heroin Overdose to Population Density Map

Symbolize Attributes

Heroin Overdose to Median income per Household Map

df

Ad

d

ield

fie

ld

Map of Cincinnati neighborhoods

Median income per Household data Map of Symbologyopioid Quantity overdoses Map of Cincinnati land use

Heroin Overdose Density Map

Land use in each neighborhood

Correlation between demographics and spatial components in the city of Cincinnati Conversion tool-Excel Statistics

Predominant Land Use

Cincinnati bus routes data Cincinnati bus stops data ArcGIS Online

Add field Symbolize attribute

Euclidean distance centroid/near distance

Predominant Land Use Map

Heroin Overdoses Proximity to Bus Routes Map Accessibility to Bus Stops Map

Overlay

Cincinnati parks data

Buffer 0.5 mile radius

Heroin Overdoses around Parks Map

Cincinnati Homeless Shelters and Clinics

Buffer 0.5 mile radius

Overdoses around Homeless Shelters and Clinics Map

Summary of Results

Thank You.