From the ACS Press Room Crab shells could help power the next generation of rechargeable batteries

“Crab Shell-Derived SnS2/C and FeS2/C Carbon Composites as Anodes for HighPerformance Sodium-Ion Batteries”

ACS Omega

Anybody who has ever enjoyed fresh crab legs or lobster tails can attest to how difficult it is to get through their tough shells. But instead of just throwing them away, researchers are “upcycling” these shells into porous, carbon-filled materials with a wide variety of uses. Now, a team reporting in ACS Omega has used this “crab carbon” to create anode materials for sodium-ion batteries an up-and-coming competitor to lithium-ion chemistries.

Lithium-ion batteries have become ubiquitous in recent years, powering phones, cars and even toothbrushes. But because the amount of lithium metal in the world is limited, some researchers have turned their attentions to its “chemical cousins” instead. Previously, researchers created a biodegradable zinc-ion battery using the chitin in crab shells. But these wastes could alternatively be turned into “hard carbon,” a material that has been explored as a possible anode for sodium-ion batteries. Though chemically similar to lithium, sodium ions are larger, and thus incompatible with a lithium-ion battery’s anode, which is typically made of graphite. When hard carbon is combined with metallic semiconductor materials, such as the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), the material can become a feasible battery anode. So, Yun Chen, Yue Zhao, Hongbin Liu and Tingli Ma wanted to explore how two differ- ent TMDs tin sulfide and iron sulfide could be combined with hard carbon made from crab shells to make a viable sodium-ion battery anode.

Crab shells, like the one pictured here, could be “upcycled” to help make new battery materials. Adapted from ACS Omega, 2023, DOI: 10.1021/ acsomega.2c06429

To make their “crab carbon,” the researchers heated crab shells to temperatures exceeding 1000 F. They then added the carbon to a solution of either tin sulfide (SnS2) or iron sulfide (FeS2), then dried them to form anodes. The porous, fibrous structure of the crab carbon provided a large surface area, which enhanced the material’s conductivity and ability to transport ions efficiently. When tested in a model battery, the team found that both composites had good capacities and could last for at least 200 cycles. The researchers say that this work could provide a route to upcycle other wastes and help develop more sustainable battery technologies.

The authors acknowledge funding from the “Nanotechnology Platform Program” of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan; the National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province; and the Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University.

Dallas – Fort Worth Local Section

American Chemical Society

55th Annual Meeting-in-Miniature

Saturday, April 22, 2023

Tarleton State University, Stephenville Campus

Lamar Johanson Science Building

Meeting at a Glance

Sections:

Biochemistry/Biological Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry

Inorganic/Analytical Chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Organic Chemistry

Physical/Computational Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry

Undergraduate Section

Format: 12- minute oral presentations only

Awards: All sections 1st Place $250, 2nd Place $200, 3rd place $150

Also: Special Awards $250 - $500 All Sections

Tentative Schedule

8:30 – 9:15 am Check-in

9:25 – 11:15 am Presentations (Morning sections)

11:25 – 12:15 pm Keynote Speaker – Dr. John Wood, Baylor University (Rm 102)

Recent Efforts in the Synthesis of Complex Natural Products

12:15 – 1:45 pm Lunch Break

Free Lunch to Participants at Tarleton State University Dining Hall (on campus)

1:45 – 4:00 pm Presentations (Afternoon sections)

4:00 – 4:30 pm Break

4:30 – 5:00 pm Awards Ceremony (Rm 102)

Thank You to Our Sponsors

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Tarleton State University – College of Science and Mathematics

University of Texas Dallas – Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry