Seeing Differently: The Phillips Collects for a New Century by dgilesltd

SEEING DIFFERENTLY

Elsa Smithgall, the project director for The Phillips Collection’s centennial exhibition, is senior curator at The Phillips Collection. Published by The Phillips Collection in association with GILES in conjunction with a special exhibition opening on February 20, 2021.

The Phillips Collects for a New Century

The Phillips Collection 1600 21st Street, NW Washington, DC www.phillipscollection.org

Edited by Elsa Smithgall With a foreword by Dani Levinas and preface and introductory essay by Dorothy Kosinski

GILES An imprint of D Giles Limited 66 High Street, Lewes BN7 1XG UK gilesltd.com

Contributions by Jeffreen M. Hayes, Mary Jane Jacob, Fred L. Joiner, Lauren Kroiz, Charmaine A. Nelson, Jeremy Ney, Klaus Ottmann, Kent Mitchell Minturn, Jed Morse, Bruce Nixon, Bridget Riley, et al.

The Phillips Collection—America’s first museum of modern art—was founded in Washington, DC, in 1921 by Duncan Phillips as a memorial to his father, Duncan Clinch Phillips, and his brother, James, who died in the 1918 Spanish flu epidemic. Recognizing the healing power of art, Phillips sought to inspire others to “see beautifully as true artists see.” This ground-breaking volume, planned in conjunction with the museum’s centennial, offers an unprecedented breadth of insights and inclusive narratives on the Phillips’s growing art collection from a range of voices, including artists, curators, and critics, who shed light on the museum’s acquisitions since 2000.

Distributed in the USA and Canada by Consortium Book Sales & Distribution The Keg House 34 Thirteenth Avenue NE, Suite 101 Minneapolis, MN 55413-1007 USA www.cbsd.com Also available:

RENOIR AND FRIENDS Luncheon of the Boating Party Eliza E. Rathbone Contributions by Mary Morton, Sylvie Patry, Aileen Ribeiro, Elizabeth Steele, and Sara Tas The Phillips Collection in association with GILES ISBN 978-1-911282-76-1

Back cover illustrations: Jennifer Wen Ma, Brain Storm, 2009, Single-channel video, The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, The Dreier Fund for Acquisitions, 2014; Mary Lee Bendolph, “Housetop” variation, detail, 1998, Printed and multi-colored cotton and wool fabrics, 72 × 76 in., The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Museum purchase, and gift of the Souls Grown Deep Foundation from the William S. Arnett Collection, 2019; Simone Leigh, No Face (Crown Heights), detail, 2018, Terracotta, graphite ink, salt-fired porcelain, epoxy, 20 × 8 × 8 in., The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Director’s Discretionary Fund, 2019; Aimé Mpane, Mapasa, detail, 2012, Acrylic and mixed media on two wood panels, each: 12 1/2 x 12 in., The Dorothy and Herbert Vogel Award, 2012; Poul Gernes, Untitled (stripe series with ochre as recurring color), 1965, Sixteen enamel on hardboards, each: 48 × 48 in., The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Acquired in 2019 with support from the Ny Carlsbergfondet. Printed in China 296 color illustrations

Phillips jacket working v3a.indd 1

UK£39.95 / US$49.95 ISBN 978-1-911282-76-1

9 781911 282761

54995

The Phillips Collects for a New Century

Elsa Smithgall

MASTER PAINTINGS FROM THE PHILLIPS COLLECTION Eliza E. Rathbone and Susan Behrends Frank Essay by Robert Hughes The Phillips Collection in association with GILES

SEEING DIFFERENTLY

Seeing Differently features diverse artistic expressions across wide-ranging media by renowned artists from the 19th to the 21st centuries, including John Akomfrah, Benny Andrews, Esther Bubley, Edgar Degas, Anselm Kiefer, Simone Leigh, and Aimé Mpane. This richly illustrated book includes an opening essay by Phillips director Dorothy Kosinski, artist conversations with John Edmonds, Whitfield Lovell, Alyson Shotz, and the late David C. Driskell, and 11 thematic essays by scholars and practitioners across disciplines. Its over 200 plates feature paintings, sculptures, videos, quilts, prints, and photographs, many with object responses by notable contributors, including artists Antony Gormley, Sean Scully, Renée Stout, and Jennifer Wen Ma, among others.

The Phillips Collects for a New Century

Front cover illustration: Janet Taylor Pickett And She Was Born, 2017 Acrylic on canvas with printed paper collage, 30 x 30 in. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, The Dreier Fund for Acquisitions, 2020.

10/11/2020 13:26

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“A VITAL LIVING PLACE”– THE PHILLIPS COLLECTION STILL IN THE MAKING Dorothy Kosinski

It must be kept a vital living place for enjoyment and must be given … a sense of frequent rearrangement and of new acquisitions. —Duncan Phillips, 1965

Installation of Main Gallery, The Phillips Collection, March 2020, with (left to right): Mary Lee Bendolph, “Housetop” variation, 1998; Jacob Lawrence, panels 57, 31, and 7, The Migration Series, 1941-2; Malissia Pettway, “Housetop,” ca. 1960; and Benny Andrews, Trail of Tears, 2005.

Duncan Phillips conceived of his museum project as “a memorial … a beneficent force in the community where I live—a joy-giving, life-enhancing influence, assisting people to see beautifully as true artists see.”1 He had lost his father in 1917; then his older brother, James Laughlin Phillips, succumbed to the Spanish influenza on October 21, 1918. In March 2020, as The Phillips Collection prepares to celebrate the hundredth anniversary of its founding as America’s first museum of modern art, the world is gripped by another viral pandemic. The bizarre symmetry between the genesis of the Phillips Memorial Art Gallery and the lead-up to its centennial in 2021 is stunning. With the museum shuttered, the collection unavailable, and exhibitions and programs postponed or cancelled, this eerie parallel beckons us to fully embrace the foundational ideas of the institution. Duncan Phillips wrote that art saved his life, rescued him from despair.2 That belief in art as a source of solace, a link to wellness, and an essential positive force

in society is a key tenet of our program today. Our Contemplation Audio Tours, our work with veterans and Alzheimer patients, and our intensive work in the schools are all manifestations of an identity that was there from the very outset in 1921. In 2018 we initiated a new chapter in our history, when the Phillips opened a space in the newest building at Town Hall Education Arts Recreation Campus (THEARC), where neighbors include Children’s National Hospital, two schools, and also AppleTree Institution, and Boys & Girls Club of Greater Washington. This facility expands and transforms opportunities for exploring art and wellness across disciplines and in one of the most underserved communities in Southeast Washington, DC. Duncan Phillips enjoyed his creative freedom and, unencumbered by typical museum conventions or boards and committees, he enthusiastically followed his own taste and standards. Uninterested in art historical taxonomy—the isms—he reveled in exploring unusual juxtapositions and frequently changing installations in order to reveal the fluid continuum of artistic expression. Change, refreshment, and growth characterized the emerging museum from the outset. He would sometimes sell and sometimes add, occasionally diving

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Elsa Smithgall: You have a special perspective on the Phillips and the role it’s played for you personally as an artist, and in the larger cultural community in Washington [DC], since the 1950s. It’s something you have reflected on previously in your 2008 Phillips Collection oral history, upon which this conversation builds.1 A natural place to start is the moment when you made the decision as a very young person to take the train from Appalachia to Washington, heading to what you hoped would be an education at Howard University, and what turned out to be the discovery of your calling as an artist. David Driskell: When I came to Howard University in 1949—and I should make the distinction of saying I did not enroll in art in 1949—I actually just went on the campus and pretended I was enrolled, because school had been in session three weeks when I arrived, and even though they told me that, I still went to class, wrote home and told my parents, “I’m in college.” Well, I was there in spirit, and physically I was there. I just kind of went in and sat in on the history classes because I had plans of majoring in history. It was not until a year later—when I was properly enrolled, in

January of 1950, taking history courses and humanities and the general introduction that freshmen would be taking—[that] in the back of my mind was this notion, “Well, you’re going to be an art minor. You’re going to do a minor in art, not a major.”

Washington was still a segregated city and there weren’t that many places that a black person could go in the cultural world and really feel accepted. So it was a year later, in 1951, that I finally decided to take an art course, and I took a drawing course with James Wells. [Then] I looked up one day and standing behind me was this gentleman, very well dressed and well spoken. He said, “What is your name? I don’t think I know you.” And I told him my name. He said, “Are you an art major?”

And I said, “No.” I said, “I’m a history major.” He looked down at my work and he said, “Well, you don’t belong over there. You belong here.” That was my introduction to James A. Porter [later Art Department chairman]. Next semester, I changed my major and started taking art courses. I had been to the Phillips prior to that, on the advice of a friend who was not an art major but who had great interest in art. Bill Taylor was a sculptor. I’d made his acquaintance through Earl Hooks, my classmate. Bill would go to the various museums on Sunday, and after I met him, he said, “Well, you’ve got an interest in art. You’ve got to go to the museums.” Bill was a few years older than I. He had not had formal college training. He had studied with Alma Thomas at Shaw Junior High [in Washington, DC] and had pretty much been on his own. And that’s how I first learned about the Phillips. He told me it was a nice place to take my girlfriend [Thelma Deloatch] on Sunday afternoon [Driskell and Deloatch married on January 9, 1952]. So I started pretty much doing that, going to the Phillips on Sunday afternoon. Washington at that time was still a segregated city and there weren’t that many

David Driskell at his Hyattsville, MD studio, February 2020.

I N CONV ERS AT ION W IT H

David c. Driskell In loving memory. Adapted from an interview with Elsa Smithgall that took place in the artist’s Hyattsville studio, February 12, 2020.

“LEARNING TO LOOK & SEE” Fred L. Joiner

Several years ago, the late David Driskell gave a talk in DC at a venue that now escapes my memory, but he left me with a lesson I will never forget. He cited a book called Learning to Look: A Handbook for the Visual Arts by Joshua C. Taylor as having been an influential text in helping him to develop his vision of what made good art and helping him to determine if something was well made. He talked about his many road trips to Maine and the junk shops along the way and the treasures he found in unexpected places because he learned how to look. Continuing to sharpen his eye caused him to reexamine everything around him. I wish that I had gotten Driskell’s lesson in looking when I first arrived in Washington in 1993; it was one I would fully realize much later after hearing his talk. Still, I did understand that it was a much more manageable city compared to New York, and it was overflowing with a rich history of African Americans. From the old M Street High School,1 to the salons of Georgia Douglas Johnson and Alma Thomas, to the classrooms of Alain Locke and Sterling A. Brown, and the theatre district (in particular, the Greater U Street neighborhood and the Howard Theatre), the city was brimming with this history and it was palpable.

Pilgrimage: From Riches to Riches My wife and I decided to leave the sable richness of Washington in October of 2013 to embark on a three-year stay in Bamako, Mali. She accepted a job in Bamako doing public health work, and I enrolled in graduate school for an MFA in Creative Writing. I was elated. This was the trip that I had been trying to figure out how to make most of my adult life. While I would be living in Mali for an extended period, this trip was a pilgrimage of sorts for me because I had long felt a connection with West Africa due to my parental and ancestral roots in Coastal South Carolina and Georgia. It was reinforced by the study and research I had done in DC. Although nothing could totally prepare me for what I would experience, I felt ready to engage with this new adventure in hopes that it would inform my writing, expand my worldview, and shift my thinking about artfulness, as well as art-making and how it functions in other contexts, both cultural and geographic. In spite of the bleak picture I was given of West Africa, I was fortunate to have had a counterweight to that picture in my family and community. Besides, after twenty years in DC and the education that it

(clockwise from top left) fig. 39 Royalty, 2013 Image courtesy of the author. fig. 40 Lyle Ashton Harris Blow Up II (Armory), detail (from “America Now + Here: Photography Portfolio 2009”), 2005 Chromogenic print, 24 × 20 in. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Gift of Carolyn Alper, 2010.

afforded, I knew I would find more than bleakness in a place so rich with culture. Time, Timing, Grace, & Everyday Magic, or Finding Art & Poetry in Everyday Things In my study and my thirst for knowledge about West Africa, I had seen many images and videos of people carrying things on their heads while going about their

everyday lives, but being on the ground, immersed in the context from which those images came, was an invaluable education. What struck me most was the grace and elegance with which people seemed to move—especially the women. It was not only their grace in movement, but also the contrast between how easily they moved from place to place and how busily they went about

fig. 41 Simone Leigh No Face (Crown Heights), detail, 2018 Terracotta, graphite ink, salt-fired porcelain and epoxy, 20 × 8 × 8 in. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Director’s Discretionary Fund, 2019. fig. 42 Jacob Lawrence The Migration Series, Panel no. 35: They left the South in great numbers. They arrived in the North in great numbers, between 1940 and 1941 Casein tempera on hardboard, 12 × 18 in. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Acquired 1942.

“ L e a r n i n g to Lo o k & S e e ”

LIFTING INTO THE FOREGROUND: A MEDITATION ON JOSEPH HOLSTON’S CHARITY Jeffreen M. Hayes

The complexity of human existence is connected to the beauty of art, which begins with the artist’s process, then moves with their hand, and ends with the experience of the object. When we encounter art, if we are open to the artist’s vulnerability, we see and feel how artists contribute to the shaping of the self. When I interned at Orlando Museum of Art, I experienced my first moment of seeing myself reflected in art. As an undergraduate, I had studied the history of medieval and baroque art and explored career options in art museums. My professor, Philip Bishop, encouraged me to intern at the local museum—Orlando Museum of Art—for credit. The only department accepting interns was Education, and it was an opportune time because the museum was preparing to host Kerry James Marshall’s A Narrative of Everyday (1998). The exhibition consisted of two large paintings from the mid-1980s, The Garden Project series (see fig. 60), an untitled fifty-foot woodcut, and a video. Each of these works centered figurative representations of Blackness and the Black experience that sways between what is, what is imagined, and what could be. Black bodies at leisure—in joyful scenarios, expressing intimacy, all in and against a world that intentionally attempts to snuff

out simple pleasures of humanity in Black people—are the stars of Marshall’s body of art. I remember it so distinctly because it was the first time I saw me. I saw me in the composite of black skin, the broad noses, full lips, and the eyes. The eyes. In representations of Black bodies in American visual and material culture, the stereotypical images exaggerate the physical features and skin tone that mark Black people as different, as Others. Skin as dark as night, bulging eyes whose whites stand out, lips oversized as if swollen from an allergic reaction. These are representations created by white people for white consumption, exemplified by their beliefs in Otherness and their inhumanity toward Black people. Images and objects of this nature continue to have a lasting impact on visual culture. That is why art is a necessary avenue to seeing oneself. It is why museums need to exhibit works of art that speak to the human condition. In that act of justice, institutions will be inclusive of the lived experiences of all. There is power in the museum stating, through its exhibition practices, that we see you and you are part of all of us. It is where and how community comes to bear. We know this through the eyes of the visitor, when they

fig. 60 Kerry James Marshall Better Homes, Better Gardens, 1994 Acrylic and collage on unstretched canvas, 100 × 142 in. The Denver Art Museum, Funds from Polly and Mark Addison, the Alliance for Contemporary Art, Caroline Morgan, and Colorado Contemporary Collectors: Suzanne Farver, Linda and Ken Heller, Jan and Frederick Mayer, Beverly and Bernard Rosen, Annalee and Wagner Schorr, and anonymous donors.

connect with a powerful work of art. The art of Joseph Holston offers the ability to connect the soul of the figure to the soul of the viewer. Holston’s Charity (fig. 61) is one work of art that draws the viewer in, not only through the eyes of the figure sitting looking at you, but also by the medium and scale. The work, an etching, is a portrait of an elderly Black woman, sitting in a wooden chair, inspired by a photograph of an unknown woman that Holston came across in a book or magazine.1 Early in his career as a painter-printmaker, the artist created subjects that were depicted in both paintings and prints. Charity is one such work that represents his process, and it has a compelling story to go along with it. Having encountered the image of the woman in a publication, Holston was inspired to make a painted

version in oil. When his mother saw the painting, she said, “That’s Charity.” Holston’s mother was referring to a woman she knew in her hometown, Harriman, Tennessee. Researching the matter, the artist learned that in the 1920s and 1930s, a Charity Copeland, who shared his mother’s maiden name, lived in Harriman.2 Although the woman was not named in the publication, her image immediately sparked Holston’s mother’s memory. Holston titled the painting Charity, which is a beautiful way to honor the circular notion that, even as strangers, we are connected, and art is the portal that connects us. In this vein, Charity acts as a portal, particularly in the way that Holston positioned her in the etching. Her face is on the horizontal–vertical axis, while her body is angled on the diagonal. Her right arm rests on the

L i f t i n g i n to t h e F o r e g r o u n d

it is so ubiquitous. Photography is part of our world, and it’s how we are able to understand the world around us. It’s also exciting for the way it can intersect with different media—sculpture, painting; the relationship it has had to other media. I like the open-endedness of photography, all the different ways of working—with a 4 × 5 camera, or a digital camera, or cameraless, or in a darkroom. There are so many different ways that photography can be used, and I think that

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what’s really exciting about it is how it always asks, no matter whose hands it is in: how are you going to use me? It’s an incredible medium, and it’s one that just keeps on giving. ES: In your monograph, Higher, Shane Lavalette quotes you as saying: “I hope my work can reflect the reality of this country right now.” That idea resonates in your work, including your Hood series, which calls to mind the death of Trayvon Martin and its context of systemic racism. To what extent

are you thinking about photography as an instrument for political and social change? JE: Photography can speak to issues and concerns in the world. The question I ask in all my work is what the essential tools are for viewers to see themselves as a part of how the image is read, received, and consumed. I try to make work from a place of introspection. As an artist, I am not reactive but I am responsive, and I am responsible to the concerns that I have not only as an artist, but as a citizen. No matter how set up

fig. 78 John Edmonds’s Brooklyn studio, March 2020.

or constructed the image, it has to speak to reality and remind us directly of experiences of our time. I began the Hoods pictures while I was living in New Haven. It was a project about a simple item of clothing worn by many people of all races, ages, and genders (see pl. 30). I was interested in how people would respond to this racially coded item in images where the identity of the wearer was completely obscured or opaque. Claudia Rankine uses the term “racial imaginary”— the lens of whiteness, something that is very much part of the American psychological landscape. In a kind of passive-aggressive way, those Hoods pictures address this large elephant in the room. I’m working in a public space in this very sore-thumb kind of way, with a camera on a tripod, when I’m making those pictures. I have all these hooded jackets with me, and I’m casting people as they walk by, costuming them with clothes from my own wardrobe. I often talk about those pictures in terms of “self-portraiture”—in quotation marks, because I’m not necessarily the subject. The self-portrait can be located in the viewer locating him- or herself within the dynamic of looking. It’s a figure in a hood, but the issue is how as a society we racialize and create fictions around those we do not know. I tell my students photography is not merely about how interesting the composition is or how great the light is, because those are all things that a competent person can, with practice, control. What is important is for a picture to make you slow down and ask yourself: what am I seeing? ES: Tell us a bit about your studio practice (figs. 76–78) and what drives your creative thought process? JE: You have to work with things not going exactly your way, and say, “Okay, what

else can transpire, given the circumstances that we are working with?” It ends up being a really beautiful kind of call and response, or freestyle. It wasn’t until now that I actually thought about that as an analogy for the work, but that’s what it is. How do I pull all these different things together to make a picture that says something more than my immediate engagement with the model? I want to speak to larger concerns around humanity, not simply representation, but humanity and creating records of existence.

No matter how set up or constructed the image, it has to speak to reality and remind us directly of experiences of our time. ES: In this digital age, what attracts you to historical, analog techniques in photography? JE: This is a solarized photograph on the wall, and it’s a very dark image. I made many of them to be that way. I’m interested in early photographic practices and what they allow on a craft level, because that is something that’s not really being considered right now. I’m excited when I see work that does take the past into consideration, because I feel so fortunate to have followed right on the heels of photographers who were able to learn analog photography in such a close and intimate way. ES: What is your wish for the future of the Phillips in the next century? JE: Selfishly, it’s to see more shows of younger artists; more artists addressing contemporary concerns.

I n co n v e r s at i o n w i t h J o h n E d m o n d s

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John Akomfrah Transfigured Night, 2013 Two-channel HD color video installation (color, 5.1 sound). Duration: 26.31 min. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, The Dreier Fund for Acquisitions, 2019.

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78 (top left)

Mary Lee Bendolph “Housetop” variation, 1998 Printed and multicolored cotton and wool fabrics, 72 × 76 in. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Museum purchase, and gift of the Souls Grown Deep Foundation from the William S. Arnett Collection, 2019. 79 (top right)

Aolar Mosely Blocks, ca. 1955 Cotton denim, red cotton overalls, used work clothes, muslin and other miscellaneous fabrics, 75 × 83 in. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Museum purchase, and gift of the Souls Grown Deep Foundation from the William S. Arnett Collection, 2019. 80 (bottom)

Arlonzia Pettway “Lazy Gals” (“Bars”), ca. 1975 Cotton corduroy fabrics with polyester fabric backing, 89 × 81 in. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Museum purchase, and gift of the Souls Grown Deep Foundation from the William S. Arnett Collection, 2019.

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Gee’s Bend Quilts, 1950s–1990s, and McArthur Binion, DNA: Black Painting: 1, 2015 Makeba Clay

For me, the power of art lies in its capacity to tell and share stories across time, place, and context. In a recent article,1 I discussed the restorative impact art can have when it truly resonates with the core of our humanity. The quilts of Gee’s Bend (pls. 76–80) and McArthur Binion’s work DNA: Black Painting: 1 (pl. 81) underscore the power of connecting memory, belonging, identity, and personal narrative through art. The quilts of Gee’s Bend feature memory, personal identity, and narrative. For Gee’s Bend, the tradition of the patchwork quilt was born of scarcity and resourcefulness, arising when shortages of cloth called for the inventive salvaging of fabric scraps and remnants.2 The transformation of mundane and overlooked objects into extraordinary things is a practice of conversion that Binion too has mastered. Similarly, Binion intertwines autobiography and personal experience with the fiber of his creations. In works such as DNA: Black Painting: 1, he employs grids, hand-drawn lines, and photocopied versions of his birth certificate. Though his work is deeply personal, incorporating numbers from

his phonebook and other private ephemera, Binion’s biographical insertions create access points for others. For example, the materiality of his birth certificate, which designates his race as Black, calls forth the “one-drop rule”3 and sheds light on the social conditions and perspectives that shaped his life and the lives of millions of others. In these ways, the Gee’s Bend community’s and McArthur Binion’s works speak to a universal experience of Black people in the United States, stressing the ways racial boundaries were enforced and understood, the ways people survived and even thrived despite that system. The interplay of medium and narrative in the work of Gee’s Bend and of Binion exemplifies how objects and simple forms can create language. 4 As the chief diversity officer of The Phillips Collection, I fix on language as the entry point for larger conversations that our society needs to have about race, equity, and community. We need artists to catalyze these conversations by creatively infusing humanity into topics that are often nuanced and messy, that require us to look at our history and actions critically, and to

take responsibility for things we would much sooner forget. Stories have been found to trigger chemical responses in our brains that are associated with empathy.5 Now more than ever, we need that empathy to bridge the divides in our communities and remind us of all that unites us. Binion and the quiltmakers at Gee’s Bend, alongside many others whose work is exhibited at The Phillips Collection, help us to do just that.

1 https://www.aam-us.org/2020/02/05/thetransformative-power-of-inclusive-storytelling-inmuseums/. Accessed April 2020. 2 See https://www.soulsgrowndeep.org/gees-bendquiltmakers. Accessed April 2020. 3 According to the one-drop rule, a social and legal principle of racial classification historically prominent in the United States in the twentieth century, a person with even one ancestor of African heritage (“one drop” of Black blood) is considered Black. Extensive literature on the one-drop rule attests to its persistence today. 4 See https://www.artspace.com/magazine/ interviews_features/qa/in-a-predominately-white-artworld-mcarthur-binion-had-to-make-himself-up-tosucceed-54340. Accessed April 2020. 5 See https://hbr.org/2014/10/why-your-brain-lovesgood-storytelling. Accessed April 2020.

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Robert Motherwell Concept of Woman, 1946 Watercolor, wax crayon, and black ink on paper, 19 1/16 × 13 3/16 in. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Gift of Susan and Louis Stamberg, 2014.

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Brian Dailey Jikai, 2013 Single-channel video (color, sound). Duration: 4:55 min. The Phillips Collection, Washington, DC, Acquired 2015.

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SEEING DIFFERENTLY

The Phillips Collects for a New Century

The Phillips Collection 1600 21st Street, NW Washington, DC www.phillipscollection.org

Edited by Elsa Smithgall With a foreword by Dani Levinas and preface and introductory essay by Dorothy Kosinski

GILES An imprint of D Giles Limited 66 High Street, Lewes BN7 1XG UK gilesltd.com

Contributions by Jeffreen M. Hayes, Mary Jane Jacob, Fred L. Joiner, Lauren Kroiz, Charmaine A. Nelson, Jeremy Ney, Klaus Ottmann, Kent Mitchell Minturn, Jed Morse, Bruce Nixon, Bridget Riley, et al.

Distributed in the USA and Canada by Consortium Book Sales & Distribution The Keg House 34 Thirteenth Avenue NE, Suite 101 Minneapolis, MN 55413-1007 USA www.cbsd.com Also available:

Phillips jacket working v3a.indd 1

UK£39.95 / US$49.95 ISBN 978-1-911282-76-1

9 781911 282761

54995

The Phillips Collects for a New Century

Elsa Smithgall

MASTER PAINTINGS FROM THE PHILLIPS COLLECTION Eliza E. Rathbone and Susan Behrends Frank Essay by Robert Hughes The Phillips Collection in association with GILES

SEEING DIFFERENTLY

The Phillips Collects for a New Century

10/11/2020 13:26