libor02 by Dianita Roche

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C.HOLGUIN Book design by Lady Katherine Jany. Ilustration and design by Edward Vargas.

INTRODUCTION Active English is a complete, modern and contextualize English program based on daily life situations designed to help the student on a step by step learning process which begins with phonological awareness as a base for the student to acquire the knowledge, the correct usage of the language and the practice for a standard speaking, comprehension, reading and writing level. Each Act, contains curios information around the world in diﬀerent topics such as history, money, geography, people, countries, etc., and a proverb or an idiomatic expression at the end of each one.

Activate your pronunciation: Here, the student will ﬁnd how the sound is produced and the way in which the airstream is modiﬁed as it passes through the vocal tract and which articulators are involved in the production of a particular sound either vowel, diphthongs, consonant or combinations. This will give the students the opportunity to improve and clarify the correct pronunciation and intonation.

Vocabulary: The student can ﬁnd the most useful vocabulary within the context of the act to give you the necessary tools for understanding the conversation.

How to act:We give you the necessary grammar explained in the most practical way so it can be understood and practiced along the act and the course.

Active English:To improve pronunciation vocabulary and grammar you can’t forget the listening part. The exercises in Active English, allow you to listen, repeat and learn more, while you practice along the act with the questions and full sentences providing a complete and ﬁnal understanding of the language, developing your conversational skills. Act the part:Gives the students a complete knowledge of real life examples to practice.

Acting task:It is the opportunity for the students to show themselves in a real life exercise, to evaluate the understanding and speaking level, in a real life situation. This can be done at home on their own using a mirror, with your friends or in the session.

PREPOSITION PLACE ACT 10 did you know? em ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscingds

A. Activate your pronunciation Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipiscing ugue vitae ipsum sa ugue vitae ipsum sa Voice Vase

Vice Velocity

Virtual Vacuum

Vampire Very

Vehicle Vote

Vice Velocity

Virtual Vacuum

Vampire Very

Vehicle Vote

B. Vocabulary Voice Vase

C. How to act: ished fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page whelooking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it hg 'Content , content ished fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page whelooking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is t layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it hg 'Content , content ished fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page whelooking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it hg 'Content , content

Active English ished fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it hg 'Content , content

TABLE OF CONTENTS MODULE E-1 ACT

TOPIC

PAGE

HOURS

Act 1

Names and introductions

Act 2

Alphabet. How do you spell?

Act 3

The numbers

Act 4

Telling the time

Act 5

Singular and plural nouns

Act 6

To be from a diďŹ&#x20AC;erent country

Act 7

To be or not to be?

Act 8

Adjectives and opposites

TOPIC

PAGE

HOURS

MODULE E-2 ACT Act 9

Demonstrative adjectives

Act 10

Prepositions of place

Act 11

Prepositions of time

Act 12

There is and there are

Act 13

My or mine

Act 14

Present simple

Act 15

Present simple questions and negative answers What, where, when?

Act 16

MODULE E-3 ACT

TOPIC

PAGE

HOURS

Act 17

Who, why, which?

Act 18

Present continuous. Aﬁrmative form

Act 19

Present continuous. Questions and negative form

Act 20

Adverbs of frequency. How often

Act 21

Verbs and nouns

Act 22

Word order

Act 23

Imperative

Act 24

I/ me / he / him/they / them /etc. Objective and reﬂexive pronouns

Appendix

NAMES AND INTRODUCTION ·ACT 1· Did you know? Mandarin is the most spoken language in the world, followed by English. But as home language, Spanish is the second most spoken in the world.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /æ/ The tongue is positioned slightly forward and low in the oral cavity, with the tip positioned behind the lower teeth. Accident Have

Had Happy

Apple Grandmother

Match Hand

Has Halloween

B. Vocabulary : Student Teacher Accountant

Doctor Secretary Actress

C. How to Act : I am Lina. I’m Lina .

My name is Lina. My name’s Lina.

SQ: Are you David? IQ : What’s your name?

Australia Canada England

Japan Argentina America

路HOW DO YOU SPELL?路

Acting Task: 1. Ask the full names of four students in your class. A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.

·NICE TO MEET YOU· Mark, nice to ..................... too. Hi, i’m ..................... Nice to ................

Acting Task: 1. Practice saying your name in English. 2. Introduce yourself to other students in the class. It’s better the devil you know, than the devil you don’t.

ALPHABET. HOW DO YOU SPELL? ·ACT 2·

Did you know? Some animals are so small that you need a microscope to see them. Others are huge. All are interesting.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /Λ/ Although variable, the tongue is in the center of the oral cavity Monday Cut

Run Son

Monkey Young

Some Husband

Sunday Double

B. Vocabulary : Dog Tiger Cat

C. How to Act :

Snake Duck Monkey

Mouse Lion Oak

Dolphin Whale Cow

·HOW DO YOU SPELL?·

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. How do you spell your name? 3. How do you spell your full name? 5. And my last name is Perez P – e – r – e – z 7. How do you do spell pencil 9. How do you spell car? 11. C – o – m – p – u – t – e – r 13. N- o – t – e - b – o – o – k 15. E – r – a – s – e – r 17. C – h – a – i – r 19. P – a – p – e – r 21. T – e – a – c – h – e – r 23. M – a – r – k – e – r 25. W – i – n – d – o – w

2. How do you spell your last name? 4. My name is Tina T – i – n – a 6. My middle name is Mary M – a – r – 8. P – e – n – c – i – l 10. C – a – r 12. B – o – o – k 14. D – i – c – t – i – o – n – a – r – y 16. T – a – b – l – e 18. P - e – n 20. B – o – a – r – d 22. S – t – u – d – e – n – t 24. P – i – c – t – u – r – e

D. Act the part : 1. What’s your name? 3. What’s your ……… please?

2. And what’s your ﬁrst name? 4. And how do you spell that please?

1. Say these loud

2. Spell the names of the animals: 1. .................................... 2. ................................... 4. ...................................

3. ..................................

5. ...................................

TELLING THE TIME ·ACT 4· Did you know? In pagan times Friday was the luckiest day of the week because it was ruled by the planet Venus,the symbol of love and fortune.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /e/ Although variable, the tongue is slightly back and low in the oral cavity, with the tip positioned behind the lower teeth. Mother Secretary Saturday Information Tomorrow Brother Family Worker From For

B. Vocabulary : Monday Saturday Watch

Tuesday Sunday Meeting

C. How to Act : Asking and telling the time. 1. What time is it? Please. 2. What`s the time? Please. 3. It`s twelve o`clock. 12:00 4. It`s half past ten. 10:30 5. It´s quater past two. 2:15 6. It´s quarter to one. 12:45 7. It`s two thirty. 2:30 8. It´s six o-ﬁve. 6:05

Wednesday Hour Appointment

Thursday Minute Forward

Friday Second Backward

THE NUMBERS 路ACT 3路 Did you know? Belize got its independence on the 21st of September 1981 from the UK.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /e/ The ongue is positioned forward and high in the oral cavity with the sides in contact with the teeth laterally and the tip position behind the lower teeth. Head American Tennis Web Television Friend French Stress Eco Welcome

B. Vocabulary : January May September

C. How to Act :

February June Octuber

March July November

April August December

·THE YEARS· CARDINAL NUMBERS

ORDINAL NUMBERS 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th

First Second Third Fourth Fifth Sixth Seventh

8th 9th 10th 20th 21st 32nd 43rd

Eighth Ninth Tenth Twentieth Twenty ﬁrst Thirty second Forty third

100 2.000 30.000 400.000 5.000.000

one hundred two thousand thirty thousand four hundred thousand ﬁve million

YEARS 1975

nineteen – seventy ﬁve

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. When is your birthday? 4. US$ 1’459.324 7. 1746 10. US$ 4.865 13. 21 computers and 300 students. 16. He is the ﬁrst in the class. 19. US$ 4.585.392

2. My birthday is on July the 4 th. 5. US$ 334 8. March the 1st 11. 490’835.640 14. 432 pieces of paper. 17. They are in 2nd grade. 20.From 1st of December to January the 2nd.

D. Act the part : What special events happened in these years? 1. Christopher Columbus discovered America in …………. 2. USA’s independence day was in ……….. 3. The ﬁrst year of Jewish calendar is………. 4. The ﬁrst crossword puzzle was published in New York Journal in……… 5. The space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over Texas upon reentry, killing all seven astronauts onboard in …….. 6. Pope John Paul II died April, 2 ………. 7. Romania and Bulgaria joined the EU in ……… 8. The end of the Soviet Union was in ……… 9. Microsoft launched Windows98 in ……... 10. Lady Di was killed in car crash in ………

3. December the 20th 1975 6. October the 31st 1815 9. November the 1986 12. 12.000 people in the concert. 15. 35 chairs in the classroom. 18. She is the 3rd baby. 21. US$ 1.500

路THE YEARS路

Acting Task: 1. Design your own Bingo board and play Bingo 2.Ask the phone numbers of four of your classmates. Between the devil and the deep blue sea

D. Act the part :

·WHAT TIME IS IT?·

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. What time is it? Please. 3. At what time is the meeting? 5. At ﬁve p.m on Sunday. 7. At half past three on Wednesday. 9. On friday at twelve midday. 11. At three p.m New York time.

2.What`s the time? Please. 4. At what time is the appointment? 6. At ten o`clock on Monday morning. 8. At ten to one on Thursday afternoon. 10. On Saturday at twelve midnigth. 12. At nine a m Monday morning Madrid time. 13. On Sunday at midnight the clocks 14. In winter time, on Sunday at go forward. midnigth the clocks go backwards. 16. It´s thirty ﬁve minutes past the 15. It´s ten minutes past the hour. hour. 18. It´s ﬁve seconds to go. 17. It´s thirty minutes to go. 19. My watch is slow, I`ll put it forward. 20. My watch is fast, I´ll put it on time.

D. Act the part : Practice and write in letters the times showed in the boxes. Hi, excuse me. What time is it? Please. It´s ...

Hi, excuse me. What´s the time? Please. The time is...

Acting Task: 1. Ask your friends: What time do you ……? a. Get up b. Have breakfast c. Brush your teeth d. Get dress e.Have lunch etc… First come, first served.

SINGULAR AND PLURAL NOUNS 路ACT 5路 Did you know? Botanically speaking, the banana is an herb and the tomato is a fruit.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound / i / The tongue is positioned forward and slightly lower in the oral cavity with the sides in contact with the teeth laterally and the tip positioned behind the lower teeth. Rich Build

Ship Imagine

Video Film

Pineapple Pear

Strawberry Cranberry

Happy Fix

Big Fish

Banana Cherry

Orange Kiwi

B. Vocabulary : Lemon Peach

C. How to Act : Singular nouns

Plural nouns

a kiwi + s

two kiwis

a lemon + s

three lemons or some lemons

·HOW MANY DO YOU SEE?·

a bus + es four buses or some buses a cherry + ies ﬁve cherries or some cherries

IRREGULAR NOUNS: a man a child a woman a person

six men or some men eight children or some children seven women or some women eight people or some people

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. I have two children. 3. I see a car. 5. I am a person. 7. It is an animal. 9. They are a lemon and two cherries. 11. I am a teacher. 13. They are a window and a door. 15. It is an apple and a pear. 17. They are two strawberries and some grapes. 19. It is a ball.

2. She has a house. 4. They take two buses. 6. It is a fruit. 8. It is a pen. 10. It is a train. 12. She is a doctor. 14. It is a computer. 16. They are a table and a chair. 18. It is an orange. 20. They are three lemons

·THEY ARE IN MILAN·

1. Where is Peter from? 2. Where is his wife from? 3. Where are they now? 4. Where is her family? 5. What are the children’s names? 6. The school is ...

Acting Task:

1. Write a composition about your best friend and his / her family. 2. Write a composition about you and your family. A penny saved is a penny gained.

·HOW MANY DO YOU SEE?·

Acting Task: 1. Look at the picture and describe how many objects you see. 2. You are going to a store and want to make an order. Use the expressions: A. I want to buy… B. I need to buy.. C. How many / in the box / in the bag A hungry man is an angry man

TO BE FROM A DIFFERENT COUNTRY ·ACT 6· Did you know? ECUADOR and PERU dispute three sections of the boundary. On a number of occasions it has led to military conﬂict.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /c/ The tongue is positioned back and in a low-mid position with respect to height. Shopping Gone

Box Won

From Tomorrow

Know Often

Cough Doctor

B. Vocabulary : India Brazil Denmark

Russia Spain Germany

New Zealand Italy Portugal

Austria South Africa United Kingdom

C. How to Act : We use “be”: • To say where we are from: • To say how we are: • To talk about the weather: • To talk about the time:

I am Steve and he’s my friend Ralph. We are from Scotland. I am ﬁne, thank you. It’s a beautiful day. It’s ten o’clock. It’s half past four.

Australia Finland Greece

·THEY ARE IN MILAN· • To talk about places: • To talk about people’s ages: SINGULAR

PLURAL

Milan is in the north of Italy. Milan is in the north of Italy.

FULL FORM I am You are He/She/It is

SHORT FORM I’m you’re he’s/she’s/it’s

We are You are They are

we’re you’re they’re

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. He is my brother. 4. They’re my books. 7. They are my friends. 10. She is in Paris. 13. Paris is in France. 16. They are on holiday in New York. 19. We are from Cuba.

2. He’s ten years old. 5. She is my sister. 8. They’re from Germany. 11. It’s hot and sunny today. 14. Mexico city is in Mexico. 17. She is my girlfriend.

3. I’m a student. 6. She’s from Italy. 9. We are in London now. 12. It’s ten past ﬁve. 15. I am thirty-two. 18. He is from Holland.

20. You are very young.

D. Act the part : My Friend Peter My friend’s name is Peter. Peter is from Amsterdam, in Holland. He is Dutch. He is married and has two children. His wife, Jane, is American. She is from Boston in The United States. Her family is still in Boston, but she now works and lives with Peter in Milan. They speak English, Dutch, German and Italian! Their children are pupils at a local primary school. The children go to school with other children from all over the world. Flora, their daughter, has friends from France, Switzerland, Austria and Sweden. Hans, their son, goes to school with students from South Africa, Portugal, Spain and Canada. Of course, there are many children from Italy. Imagine, French, Swiss, Austrian, Swedish, South African, American, Italian, Spanish and Canadian children all learning together in Italy!

·I’M NOT IN LONDON, I’M IN PARIS· Comprehension Questions Which pen pal is best for these people? Choose ONLY ONE pen pal for each person. A. Petr Vladovic, 18, comes from Serbia and would like a pen pal who is interested in discussing the current political situation in the world. He likes jazz and playing tennis in his free time. B. Tom Synder, 36, is a businessman from Toronto, Canada. He would like to find a pen pal from a different continent to discuss business practices and differences between his country and others. C. Olga, 32 years old, comes from Moscow, Russia. She is a historian and would like to find a pen pal who is nterested in discussing the history of Russia before the communist regime. She is not interested in comparing different political systems. D. Jack, 27, is from London. His favorite pastime is learning languages. He goes to evening German and French classes and uses his computer to improve his German and French by visiting Internet sites. E. Stuart, 22, is from Dublin. He loves travelling and wants to visit Asia in the near future and would like a pen pal who likes playing football and who can tell him about the differences between life in Asia and Ireland. F. Elisabeth, 35 years old, comes from Sydney, Australia. She likes learning languages, but does not like using modern technology. She is interested in finding a pen pal who also enjoys learning languages in a traditional manner.

Acting Task: 1. Write a letter to your friend (a pen pal) and tell him/her everything about you. Fire is a good servant but a bad master.

TO BE OR NOT TO BE? 路ACT 7路 Did you know? Adult frogs are carnivorous and will eat just about anything smaller than themselves, including insects,worms and even other frogs.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /u/ The tongue body is back and elevated into a mid-high position with contact against the upper molars, while the tongue is not as retracted as other back vowels. Look Good

Sugar Woman

Push Should

Cook Boot

Foot Education

B. Vocabulary : Happy Skinny Big

C. How to Act :

Sad Intelligent Small

Hungry Ugly Tall

Thirsty Young Short

Fat Safe Married

·I’M NOT IN LONDON, I’M IN PARIS· We use be: • To talk about how we feel: I’m happy They’re sad. • To greet people: Hello. How are you ? I’m ﬁne thanks, How are you ? I’m sorry. I’m late. • To apologize: It isn’t expensive. It’s cheap. • To describe things: SINGULAR

PLURAL

FULL FORM I am not You are not He/She/It is not

SHORT FORM I’m not you aren’t he’s/she’s/it isn’t

We are not You are not They are not

we aren’t you aren’t they aren’t

QUESTION: SINGULAR PLURAL

Am I Are you Is he/she/it Are we Are you Are they

late?

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. Are they in London now? No, they aren’t in London now. They are in Paris. 3. Are you Spanish? No I’m not Spanish. I’m French. 5. Am I late? No, you’re on time. 7. Are you studying Spanish? No, I’m not. I’m studying English.

2. Is she a nurse? No, she isn’t a nurse. She is a Doctor. 4. Are you hungry? No, I’m thirsty. 6. Are you married? No, I’m not. I’m single. 8. Are you in the hospital now? No, I’m not. I am at home.

·I’M NOT IN LONDON, I’M IN PARIS· 9. Is she tall? No, she is not. She is short. 11. Are you sure? Is that safe? Yes, it is safe . 13. Is he handsome? Oh yes, he is handsome. 15. Are you the teacher? Yes, I am. 17. Are you hot? Yes, the weather is hot today. 19. Is it a baby girl or baby boy? It’s a baby girl.

10. Is your boyfriend skinny? No, he is not. He is fat. 12. Is your car blue? No, it’s red. 14. Is he the new president of the company? No, he isn’t. He is only the manager. 16. Is it a new book? No, It’s old but it’s expensive. 18. Is she in class now? No, she isn’t. She is al home now. 20. Is the teacher alone in the oﬃce? No, she isn’t. She is with a student.

D. Act the part : Looking for a Pen Pal Read the following information about different pen pals. 1. Mary, 24 years old, comes from Scotland and would like to find a pen pal who comes from East Europe. She likes playing the piano and listening to jazz music. She is interested in history but does not like discussing politics. 2. Kim Lee, 19 years old, comes from Seoul, South Korea. Kim loves travelling and hopes to visit Great Britain in the future. He would like a pen pal who is interested in discussing the differences between life in Europe and life in Asia. He loves listening to pop music and playing football in his free time. 3. Pietro, 42 years old, comes from Argentina. He is a businessman and would like to find a pen pal who is also a businessperson and lives in North America. He is married with three children and likes using the Internet in his free time.

4. Helga, 31 years old, comes from Germany and speaks French, English and Russian. She would like a pen pal who is interested in exchanging ideas about language learning. She does not like using computers for learning and believes that language learning can only happen in a classroom. 5. Jennifer, 18, comes from New Orleans in the United States. She is interested in discussing the political differences between East Europe and North America. She loves riding her horse, Jackie, and listening to jazz music. 6. Alessandro, 25 years old, comes from Rome. He is interested in finding a pen pal who speaks different languages and can exchange ideas on using the computer for learning purposes. He likes playing tennis and football in his free time.

DEMONSTRATIVE ADJECTIVES ·ACT 9· Did you know? The fear of vegetables is called lachanophopia.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /th/ Tongue tip is brought forward just below the upper teeth (interdental) or into slight contact with the back of the upper teeth (dental) to create a construction between tongue tip and upper teeth. This Thirty

That Think

These Thing

Those Thick

Cucumber Cauliﬂower Egg

Potato Carrot Water

Tomato Sweet corn Bread

Lettuce Pepper Coke

Three Thirteen

B. Vocabulary : Onion Broccoli Coﬀee

C. How to Act : We use this and these for things which are near to us, and that and those for things which are far.

SINGULAR PLURAL

NEAR THIS egg THESE eggs

FAR THAT egg THOSE eggs

ADJECTIVES AND OPPOSITES ·ACT 8· Did you know? The blue whale is the largest animal on earth. The heart of a blue whale is as big as a car, and it’s tongue is as long as an elephant.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /ei/ The tongue is positioned forward and high in the oral cavity with the sides in contact with the teeth laterally and the tip positioned behind the lower teeth. Change Day

Say They

Pray May

Paper Jail

Way Name

B. Vocabulary : Married – Single Clear – Dark Expensive – Cheap

Thin – Fat Short – Tall Big – Small

Good – Bad Strong – Weak Fast – Slow

Ugly - Pretty Cold – Hot Clean - Dirty

C. How to Act : An adjective modiﬁes a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modiﬁes. Nicole Kidman is pretty adjective after verb to be

adjective before a noun She is a pretty woman

SQ: Is she pretty? IQ: What is she like? Asking for description

·THEY ARE DIFFERENT· Sometimes we use these verbs instead of the verb to be to describe people or things. She looks happy . The cheese tastes wonderful. I feel cold. The ﬂowers smell nice. His music sounds peaceful.

ACTIVE ENGLISH:

1. Is your sister pretty? Yes, she is. 3. The car is old and slow. 5. It is a big house. 7. The sky is clear. 9. They are expensive drinks. 11. The ham in the sandwich tastes wonderful. 13. The clothes look dirty. 15. She is sexy and beautiful. 17. They are tall and funny. 19. I am a hard working man.

How does she look? How does the cheese taste? How do you feel? Asking for conditions or feelings How do the ﬂowers smell? How does his music sound? 2. What is the dog like? It’s big and strong. 4. The restaurant is clean and cheap. 6. The weather is cold today in London. 8. The phones are big. 10. She looks happy in the picture. 12. I feel good in that place. 14. The room looks messy. 16. The movie is long. It’s about 3 hours long. 18. She feels sick. 20. Are you phisically and mentally active? Yes, of course.

D. Act the part : Give an adjective to each sentence: Top 10 Reasons for Dating a Martian Girl 1. Martian girls are renowned for their beauty. 2. Martian girls are a delight to be around because of their disposition and personality. 3. Martians are understanding, patient and composed. 4. Martian girls are generous and naturally caring and supportive. 5. Martian girls believe in a one to one relationship.

Martian girls are beautiful. ____________________ ____________________ ____________________ ____________________

·THEY ARE DIFFERENT· 6. Martian girls put family ﬁrst before money. 7. Martians are excellent home keepers. 8. Martians are well educated. 9. Martian girls are religious. 10. Martian to Martian marriages are more successful than Human to Human marriages.

Acting Task:

___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

1. Describe your home town to your classmates. How is the live there ? 2.You are the guide in the new city tour. Use the expressions : a. Have fun b.There is / entertainment c. Don’t worry about d. You ﬁnd... e. You can… A man is as old as he feels.

·IN, ON, AT· 5. The police station is in front of the school 7. The pen is in the box. 9. There is a beautiful picture in the oﬃce Where? On the wall. 11. Is the highlighter on the desk? No, It’s in the drawer. 13. The laptop is on the desk. 15. The armchair is behind the desk. 17. The ﬂower vase is between the ph 19. The chair is in front of the desk. one and the laptop.

6. Where is he? He is in the kitchen. 8. The manager is at the desk. 10. Where are the papers? They are in the cabinet. 12. The stapler is on the desk next to the phone. 14. The desk is under the light. 16. The desk is in front of the window. 18.The basket is behind the door. 20. There is a cat under the table.

D. Act the part : Complete the sentences with the right preposition of place: 1. Mary lives ………. Spain. 2. I have some beautiful pictures ……… the walls of my room. 3. The children are playing …………. the grass ……….. the park. 4. There is a queue of people ……….. the bus stop. 5. Chile is …… South America. 6. I live ….. a building …… the fourth ﬂoor 7. The policeman works …. the police station. 8. There is a statue ….. the castle. 9. My sister works …. the hospital. 10. In this picture, my mother is standing ……… my father.

My Office Like most office is a place where I can concentrate on my work and feel comfortable at the same time. Of course, I have all the necessary equipment on my desk. I have the telephone next to the fax machine on the right side of my desk. My computer is in the center of my desk with the monitor directly in front of me. I have a comfortable office chair to sit on and some pictures of my family between the computer and the telephone. In order to help me read, I also have a lamp near my computer which I use in the evening if I work late. There is plenty of paper in one of the cabinet drawers. There are also staples and a stapler, paper clips, highlighters, pens and erasers in the other drawer. In the room, there is a comfortable armchair and a sofa to sit on. I also have a low table in front of the sofa on which there are some industry magazines.

·THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE·

Near singular Near plural Far plural Far singular

This exercise is diﬃcult These onions are very expensive What are those? Is that your sandwich?

We use this, that, these, those with nouns: • I like this picture • Those apples are delicious We use this, that, these, those without noun, when the meaning is clear. • A student ﬁnish the test and say to his friend: That was easy! (That = the test) • Mat is having dinner and tells his wife: This looks delicious ! (This = dinner)

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. This movie is good. 3. Is this your pen? 5. That is a big, red tomato. 7. These eggs are big. 9. These coﬀee beans smell good. 11. That man is tall. 13. That man is British. 15. Yes, that woman at the door is my mother. 17. This is a dog and that is a cat. 19. That is a potato and this is a banana. 21. That music is loud.

2. That is an old shirt. 4. Yes, that is my pen. 6. That cucumber is expensive. 8. This coke is cold. 10. That onion is very small. 12. That woman is very slow. 14. Is that your mother? 16. That is my father in the picture. 18. That is a table and that is a window. 20. Those bananas look sweet. 22. These people look angry.

·THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE·

D. Act the part : Put this, that, these, or those in the gaps in these dialogues. Rob: It’s very nice to sit here on ………….. terrace in the middle of ……....... mountains. Kim: Yes and the food is good. …………. grapes are delicious. Rob: Delicious, yes, but …….. one’s bad. What are …….. people over there eating? Kim: Oh …is fondue. It’s made with cheese. You see, they take one of ……. little pieces of bread and then dip it in …… pot with the cheese in it. Rob: We can try………..if we come again. Kim: All the local restaurants serve it. So if we don’t come back here, we can have it at ……….. little restaurant in the village. Rob: Yes, but in the village you don’t have ……. wonderful view of the mountains.

Acting Task: 1. Write a conversation in a café. Then learn the conversation and act it for your friends. Barking dogs seldom bite.

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE ·ACT 10· Did you know? Hair on the head grows for between two and six years before being replaced.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /v/ The inner border of the lower lip contacts the upper teeth to create a constriction. Voice Vampire

Vice Vehicle

Virtual Vase

Velocity Very

Vacuum Vote

Cabinet Highlighter

Desk Laptop

Drawer Paperclip

Equipment Stapler

B. Vocabulary : Armchair Furniture

C. How to Act : We use the prepositions: in to express enclosed spaces ( e.g. Rooms, buildings) and limited areas ( e.g. Cities,) on with surfaces ( e.g. walls, ﬂoors, shelves) and lines ( e.g. Paths, coast, the equator) at with a point ( e.g. At the bus stop) , and at with a building when we mean either inside or outside. Some other prepositions are: under, above, below, next to, behind, beside, in front of, across.opposite, between,

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. There is a woman in the phone box. 2. There are people outside the cinema. 3. The car is in front of the bank. 4. She lives next to the supermarket.

·IN, ON, AT·

D. Act the part : 1. Patricia is going to the cinema ………. Wednesday 2. She has to phone her mother…………………. 3. She is not doing anything special……………………. 4. She has English lessons………….. 5. Chris’ party is ………………………. 6. She is meeting Sam ……………………………………..

Acting Task: 1. Tell your friends about your activities for this week. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

·IN, ON, AT·

Multiple-Choice Comprehension Check Questions Choose the correct answer based on the reading. 1. What do I need to do in my oﬃce? B) concentrate A) relax D) read magazines

C) study

2. Which piece of equipment do I NOT have on my desk? A) fax C) lamp

B) computer D) photocopier

3. Where are the pictures of my family located? A) on the wall B) next to the lamp C) between the computer and the telephone 4. I use the lamp to read:

5. Where do I keep the paperclips?

A) all day B) never C) in the morning D) in the evening

A) on the desk C) in a cabinet drawer

B) next to the lamp D) next to the telephone

6. What do I keep on the table in front of thesofa? A) Company reports C) books

B) fashion magazines D) industry magazines

Acting Task:

1. Look round the classroom and tell your friends where things are. Use all the prepositions learned today. A friend in need is a friend indeed.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME ·ACT 11· Did you know? In the Middle Ages, sugar was a treasured luxury costing 9 times as much as milk.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /m/ The lips are brought together to obstruct the oral cavity and the air is released through the nasal cavity. Mango Come

Manager December

March Bump

Map From

Democracy Denmark

B. Vocabulary : Paris TV Lunch

Breakfast time Celebrate Spring

Spain Finish Summer

Meet Let’s Autumn

Birthday Accident Winter

C. How to Act : When we talk about time, we often use the preposition in, on, at. We use in with parts of the day, and months, seasons, and years. In the morning In January In spring In 1945

In the afternoon In February In summer In 2002

In the evening In March In winter In 1978

·IN, ON, AT·

Summer Autumn We use on with days and dates.

Spring

Winter

On Wednesday On Thursday On Christmas On her birthday On April the 16th On May the 21st (We say on April the sixteenth)

On Saturday evening On Halloween On January the 1st

We use at for times of the day, and with meals and mealtimes. At 9 am At midnight At breakfast

At three o’clock At noon At dinner time

At night At lunchtime At tea time

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. She studies in the morning. 3. Christine’s birthday is in March. 5. What time do you ﬁnish school? I ﬁnish at three o’clock. 7. Do you want to go out on Friday? No, let’s go out on Saturday. 9. Chris is in Paris now. 11. The accident was in 1982. 13. I will have a baby in 2020. 15. I always watch TV in the evening before bed. 17. He takes piano lessons in the afternoon. 19. They never see me at breakfast.

2. They will be in Spain in two years. 4. When do we celebrate New Year’s Eve? On December the 31st. 6. When do you want to talk? Let’s meet at lunchtime. 8. My birthday is on November the 22nd. 10. We talk at dinner time. 12. On May the 21st, I will be your wife. 14. I always see him in the cafeteria at lunchtime. 16. She will get married in February. 18. We sit at the table at dinner time.

·WHAT IS THERE?·

Acting Task: 1. Close your eyes, try to remember and describe the interesting things there are in your city. Where there’s a will there’s a way.

THERE IS AND THERE ARE ·ACT 12· Did you know? Philippines got its Independence from US on the 4th of July 1946.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /ai/ The tongue begins back and low in the oral cavity and moves to a mid-high front position. Buy Die

Sky Time

My Ride

Park Restaurant Train station

Post oﬃce Supermarket Stadium

Cry Climb

B. Vocabulary : Bank Cinema Church

Bus stop Café Theater

Drug store Car park Hotel

C. How to Act : What’s there near the river? There is a cinema near the river There are a lot of clouds in the moun- What’s there near the river? tains. We use there is / there are when we talk about something for the ﬁrst time How many cinemas are there in the city? There are two cinemas in the city. We use there is / there are to talk about the number of people or things in a place. There are twelve people at the party. How many people are there at the party? There are three restaurants in town. How many restaurants are there in town? There are two trains at night; Are there any trains at night ? they leave from the station.

·WHAT IS THERE?·

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. How many cans are there in the box? There are ten cans in that box. 3. Is there a restaurant in that small town Yes there is only one restaurant in that small town. 5. Is there a plane in the sky? Yes, there is a plane in the sky. 7. Is there a doctor in the room? Yes, there is. 9. Is there a bird in the garden? Yes, there is one. 11. Is there a cat under the table? No, there is a dog under the table. 13. Is there a cup of coﬀee on the table? Yes, there is a cup of coﬀee on the table. 15. Are there beautiful women at the party? Yes, all of them are beautiful. 17. Is there a computer in your room? No, there is one in the library. 19. Is there a baby on board? Yes, there is a baby on board.

2. Is there a bus stop near your house? Yes, there are two bus stops next to my house. 4. Is there a car in the picture? Yes, there is a car in the picture. 6. Are there people at the stadium? Yes, there are hundreds of them. 8. Are there students in the classroom? No, there isn’t any. 10. Is there a woman in the oﬃce? Yes, there is a secretary in the oﬃce 12. Are there animals at the zoo? Yes, there are wild animals at the zoo. 14. Is there a German student in your class? Yes, there is one exchange student in my class. 16. Are there brushes in the box? Yes, there are two. 18. Are there people at the station? Yes, there are a lot of people at the station.

·WHAT IS THERE?·

D. Act the part : Read the following article and ask your friends: What is there in Manila? THE CITY OF MANILA The original settlers of Manila were the Tagalogs. There are 3 distinct local ethnic groups in Manila. The natives, the Chinese, and the Spanish. The Chinese and Spanish groups, companies and families control most political and financial institutions. The most common types of public transportation are buses and the jeepney. Tricycles are used for short distances. Pedicabs are bicycles attached to sidecars, where the drivers uses foot pedals to propel the vehicle. Major tourism offices, attractions and accommodations facilities are located in the city. Varied tourist destinations that caters to local as well as foreign visitors abounds in the city both of natural and manmade attractions. There are also luxury hotels, standard and economy class motels, pensions and inns that are always ready to welcome these guests. Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), outside the city proper, serves Manila and the metro area. Over 40 airlines provide daily service to over 26 cities and 19 countries worldwide. The main carrier serving NAIA is Philippine Airlines, which has the most extensive network in the Philippines. The City offers many places of interest to tourists. There are many Buddhist and Taoist temples built by the Chinese community in Manila. The Quiapo district is home to a sizable Muslim population in Manila, and The Golden Mosque is located there. In Ermita is a large Hindu temple for the Indian population, while on U.N. Avenue, there is a Sikh Temple. There is also an LDS temple. In Malate, along Quirino Avenue, there once was a synagogue for the small Jewish community in the Philippines.

PRESENT SIMPLE ·ACT 14· Did you know? Mammals are the only animals with ﬂaps around the ears.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /au/ The tongue moves from the low- back position to a mid –high-back position. Mouse House

About Scout

Shout Pound

Loud Sound

Out Around

Arrive Depart Have

Move Stay Passengers

Get on Walk

Ask Check

B. Vocabulary : Leave Get oﬀ Serve

C. How to Act : We use the present simple to express habitual actions.

AFFIRMATIVE FORM: SINGULAR I know PLURAL You know He / she / it knows

We know You know They know

MY OR MINE 路ACT 13路 Did you know? Leonardo da Vinci could write with the one hand and draw with the other simultaneously.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /th/ The tongue begins back and low in the oral cavity and moves to a mid-high front position. Boy Noise

Point Employ

Joy Enjoy

Toy

B. Vocabulary : Skirt Pijama Underwear

Shirt Pants Sweater

Shoe Blouse Underwear

Socks Jacket Wedding

Belt Tie Bra

C. How to Act : We use possessives adjectives and possessive pronouns to express ownership.

Possessive adjectives I You She He It You We They

my your her his its your our their

Possessive pronouns mine yours hers his its yours ours theirs

·MY OR MINE· Possessive adjective before the noun That is my skirt That skirt is mine Possessive pronouns after verb to be

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. Whose pencil is this? That’s my pencil. 2. Whose books are these? These are his books. 3. Whose car is that? It’s her car. 4. Is that your son? Yes, he is my son. 5. Is that your secretary? Yes, she is my secretary. 6. Whose house is that in the picture? That house is mine. 7. Whose radio is that? That is his. 8. Whose wedding pictures are those? Those are ours.

11. Whose shoes are they? They’re his. 12. Whose shirts are those. Those are hers. 13. Whose socks are these? These are his socks. 14. Whose bedroom is this? That’s my bedroom. 15. Whose bed is that? That is your bed. 16. Whose TV is that? That’s our TV. 17. Is it your bag? No, that’s his. 18. Is that my homework? No, that’s theirs.

9. Whose cd’s are they?

19. Are those his pants?

They are your CD’s.

Yes, they are his.

10. Whose bra is that? That’s mine.

20. Whose teddy bear is that? That’s his teddy bear.

路MY OR MINE路

D. Act the part : Whose clothes are those?

Acting Task: 1. Using everything in the classroom tell your friends; Whose objects are these? Use: This, that, those,these, it, the. Every dog has its day.

·DO YOU HAVE ANY EXPERIENCE?· Do you live in the city? No, I don’t. I live in the country. Does she work everyday? No, she doesn’t work everyday. She works on weekends. or No, She doesn’t. She works on weekends.

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. Do you work every day? No, I don’t. 2. Do you study French? Yes, I study English and French. 3. Does he have a secretary? Yes, He does. 4. Do you plan your holidays? Yes, I do. 5. Does he train the people? No, he doesn’t. I do it. 6. Do you have experience as a nurse? No, I have experience as a secretary. 7. Does Donald work in the supermarket? No, he works in the hospital. 8. Do you have a car? No, I don’t. My husband does. 9. Does your mother live in your city? No, she lives in a diﬀerent town. 10. Do you type letters on the computer? Yes, I do.

11. Do we have to go tomorrow? No, you have to go today. 12. Do they have to study on Sundays? No, they have to study on Fridays. 13. Do you know how to speak German? No, I don’t. 14. Does she dress up to go out? Yes, she always does. 15. Do we need to learn this lesson? Yes, you need to learn the lesson very well. 16. Does he have to count the people on the train? Yes, he has to count everybody. 17. Does he drive to work? No, he takes the bus. 18. Does Mary love Marc? Yes, she is in love with him. 19. Does your father let you go out with your friends? No, He doesn’t 20. Does he have an appointment tomorrow? Yes, he does.

·YOU DO AND SHE DOES· We ad – s after She / he / it I work ------- He works

They live ------- She lives

If the verb ends in –ch –o -sh or –ss, we add –es after he/ she /it I do ------- He does You wish ------- She wishes They go ------- it goes We watch ------- He watches If the verb ends in a consonant ( b, c, etc ) + y ( e.g.fly ), we use –ies after He / she / it I fly ------- It flies I study ------- He studies

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. She studies in the university. 2. They work everyday. 3. I learn English at school. 4. They speak English and French very well. 5. She has ten nephews and only one son. 6. He has a house in town. 7. It makes a strange sound. 8. You arrive late everyday. 9. They leave the house at six o’clock everyday. 10. I brush my teeth before having breakfast.

11. He drinks coffee with milk everyday. 12. She has cereal and toast for breakfast everyday. 13. They buy lunch at school. 14. We come home for dinner every night 15. They dance and drink every weekend. 16. They drive to the office and I take a bus. 17. They go to Paris by train every Christmas. 18. I fly to England every other month. 19. She flies to see her boyfriend. 20. They walk and climb on the mountains.

·YOU DO AND SHE DOES·

D. Act the part : Underline the verbs in simple present on the reading:

TRAIN SERVICES The British rail company is a big company with more than 3.000 trains running all over the country, including England, Scotland and Wales. The first train from London to Edinburgh leaves London at 06:15 hrsand arrives into Edinburgh at 11:15 hrs, it runs about 100 miles per hour, it also stops at York, Darlington and Newcastle, and people from small towns get on at these stations at certain hours. There are good services on board, some of them have restaurant service, and they serve breakfast until 11:00 am and lunch and dinner after 12:00 pm. There is one officer on each train that moves along the train asking for tickets after every station where the train stops getting people on and off. You also find officers on platforms that walk helping passengers to get on the right train.

Acting Task: 1. Tell your friends about your bus route everyday. 2. Tell your friends about your daily routine. Necessity is the mother of invention.

PRESENT SIMPLE QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE ANSWERS ·ACT 15· Did you know? A giraﬀe can clean its ears with its 50cm (20 in) tongue.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /ou/ The tongue body is back with the primary construction in the pharyngeal region. Goat Roast

Boat Road

Coat Toad

Load Loath

Loaf Loan

Study Know

Work Job

B. Vocabulary : Interview Have

Experience Children

Drive Secretary

C. How to Act : We use:

I You We They

Does

She He It

WHAT, WHERE, WHEN? ·ACT 16· Did you know? George Washington was the ﬁrst president of the United States.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The consonant sound /b/ The lips are brought together to obstruct the oral cavity and the air is release as an explosion. Pub Bomb

Be Table

British Biscuit

Bacon Butter

Brown Brandy

Sing Study

Write Dance

B. Vocabulary : Drink Wake up Run

Work Have Read

Walk Sleep Get up

C. How to Act : We use Wh questions to ask for speciﬁc information they are called information questions. • We use What to ask about things

e.g. What’s your name?

• We use Where to ask about places

e.g. Where do you live?

• We use When to ask about time and dates

e.g. When is your birthday?

The questions are constructed by: WH + AUXILIARY FORM + PRONOUN + VERB + COMPLEMENT

·DO YOU HAVE ANY EXPERIENCE?·

D. Act the part :

Help Mrs. Byrne to ﬁll the application using the negative form to answer the questions. Mrs. Byrne:Good morning. My name is Rita Byrne and I have an interview today. Receptionist: Yes, Can you ﬁll the application for me? Mrs. Byrne: Thank you, do you have a pen?

JOB INTERVIEW Interviewer : So, why do you want to be a computer programmer? Mrs. Byrne: Well, I don’t like working in a fast food restaurant, and I want to make more money. Interviewer: I see. Do you have any experience? Mrs. Byrne: No, but I’m a fast learner. Interviewer: What kind of computer do you use? Mrs. Byrne: Computer? Uhm, let me see. I can use a Mac. I also used Windows 95 once. Interviewer: That’s good. Mrs. Byrne: May I ask a question? Interviewer: Please, go ahead. Mrs. Byrne: Will I be able to ﬁnd a job as a computer programmer? Interviewer : Umm, err, ahh....

·DO YOU HAVE ANY EXPERIENCE?·

APPLICATION FOR EMPLOYMENT PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF APPLICATION:____ Middle

Name: Zip _____________________________________________________________________________________ First Last Address: Zip _____________________________________________________________________________________ (Apt) City, State Street Alternate Address: _____________________________________________________________________________________ Street City, State Contact Information: ( ) ( ) _____________________________________________________________________________________ Email Home Telephone Mobile

Are you married?

________________________________

Do you have any I.D e.g passport?

________________________________

Do you have any children?

________________________________

Do you live downtown?

________________________________

Do you study?

________________________________

Do you have a driving license?

________________________________

Do you work on weekends?

________________________________

So you have a diﬀerent job?

________________________________

Do you smoke / drink?

________________________________

Do you have experience as a secretary?

________________________________

What other experience do you have?

________________________________

Do you speak any other language?

________________________________

·DO YOU HAVE ANY EXPERIENCE?·

Acting Task: Pick one of the ads and using them practice with your friends. 1. You had an interview at 8:00 but you are late. 2. You want the job but you don’t have experience. 3. Ask your friends what happened to Mrs. Byrne. Any time means no time.

·WHO, WHY OR WHICH?·

Who is your teacher? Mrs. Walker is my teacher

Which newspaper do you want? I want the times, please!

Why is Mary taking the bus? Because her car isn’t working ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. Why are you sad?

11. Which is the old car?

2. Which is your house?

12. Who do you call?

3. Who is your teacher?

13. Who plays with you on weekends?

4. Who is your boyfriend?

14. Who do you invite for dinner everyday?

5. Who is that man in the picture? 6. Which is his sister?

15. Which is your favorite city to go on holidays?

7. Why are you crying?

16. Why are you here?

8. Why do you take medicine?

17. Why does she call her boyfriend?

9. Which is his book?

18. Which one is her school?

10. Why do you go to the park on Saturdays?

19. Why does your father want you to go? 20. Why are our parents so serious?

·WHAT, WHERE OR WHEN?·

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. What’s your name?

11. Where do you go on weekends?

2. When is your birthday?

12. What do you do on Saturdays?

3. Where do you live?

13. What does she do in the oﬃce?

4. What do you do?

14. Where does she spend her holidays?

5. Where do you want to go now?

15. When do you go home?

6. Where do you work?

16. Where do you go after work?

7. When do you study?

17. What do you normally eat for dinner?

8. What does your mother do?

18. When do you go to the Gym?

9. Where do they live?

19. Where does she run?

10. When do you visit your family?

20. Where does he spend his weekends?

D. Act the part : ……….. does she work?

My mother works in the hospital.

……….. does she do?

She is a nurse.

……….. does she work?

She works in the mornings.

What time …………………..? All trains depart at 7:00 o’clock. Where ………………………..? They go to Paris. Where ………………………..? The teacher lives in London. What language …………….? He speaks English very well. When ………………………….? He teaches in the School everyday.

·WHAT, WHERE OR WHEN?·

…………………………………..? …………………………………..?

We play rock music. We play in a restaurant-bar.

…………………………………..?

We play every weekend.

What do you do ?

I …………………………………..

When do you ……………..?

I …………………………………..

Where do you …………….?

I …………………………………..

Acting Task: 1. Find all the information you can about your friends life style. Use What, Where, When. Look before you leap.

WHO, WHY, WHICH? ·ACT 17· Did you know? IP is the acronym for “To Insure Promptness.”

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The consonant sound /h/ The vocal folds are partially adducted to create a narrowing of the airway. How Home

House Hose

Hill Ham

Take Have Read

Dinner Sleep Get up

Horror Huge

Hug Hole

B. Vocabulary : Invite Brush Run

Cry Study Call

Write Dance

C. How to Act : • We use Wh questions to ask for speciﬁc information they are called information questions. • We use Who to ask about people. • We use Why to ask about the reason for something. • We use Which to ask about one particular thing. The question is constructed by:

WH + AUXILIARY FORM + PRONOUN + VERB + COMPLEMENT

路I AM STUDYING路

Acting Task: 1. What do you think your family is doing now? Tell your friends. Better late than never.

·WHO, WHY OR WHICH?·

D. Act the part : 1. Who is the president of Peru?

…………..…………………………………………..

2. Who speaks Spanish in class?

…………..…………………………………………..

3. …………….. are you going to see tonight ? …………..………………………………………….. 4. ……………… do you study English?

…………..…………………………………………..

5. Which is your favorite color?

…………..…………………………………………..

6. Which is the most diﬃcult language?

…………..…………………………………………..

7. …………….. is your city the best?

…………..…………………………………………..

p p people?” “Who are these

Arnold Schwarzenegger 2003

Ronald Reagan 1980

Fred Thompson 2008

Sonny Bono 1992

Larry de Cable Guy 2008

Acting Task: 1. Find all the information you can about your friends life style. Use who, why or which. A bad workman quarrels with his tools.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS. AFFIRMATIVE FORM ·ACT 18· Did you know? Sharks are immune to all known diseases.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The consonant sound /n/ The front and sides of the tongue contact the alveolar ridge anteriorly and laterally to obstruct the oral cavity and the air is release through the nasal cavity. Never Candy

Now Dance

Not Niece Name

Nice Tennis Animal

B. Vocabulary : Swim Eat Sleep

Shop Listen Work

Dance Hear Go

Get Play Take

Write Read Look

C. How to Act : We use the present continues to talk about actions and situations in progress now. We form the present continues like this:

FULL FORM

SHORT FORM

I am eating You are eating He/She/It is eating We are eating You are eating They are eating

I’m eating You’re eating He’s eating We’re eating You’re eating They’re eating

·I AM STUDYING ?· To make the –ing form, we add –ing to the verb: Listen - listening

Play - playing

Read - reading

Irregular spellings: Swim - swimming

Shop - shopping Dance - dancing Get - getting Write - writing

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. I am eating pizza.

12. She is looking good.

2. She is dancing Tango.

13. Mary and Carlos are swimming.

3. They are taking swimming lessons.

14. Are you listening to that?

4. We are having a diﬃcult time. 5. My mother is preparing dinner for us today. 6. Tommy and Laura are going out together. 7. They are studying in the same school.

15. You are getting married today !!

8. We are getting old now. 9. They are looking at me. 10. We are writing a comic book.

16. We are reading that book in class. 17. She is going to the Shopping Center tonight. 18. All the animals are eating bananas. 19. The students are pronouncing the vocabulary very well. 20. She is playing tennis in school.

11. We are playing Romeo and Julieth tonight.

D. Act the part :

Look at the pictures. What are they doing?

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY. HOW OFTEN ·ACT 20· Did you know? Millions of trees are accidentally planted by squirrels who bury nuts and then forget where they hid them.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The consonant sound /iz/ The apex and blade of the tongue are elevated into contact with the hard palate, living a narrow midline grove open. Loses Boxes

Aces Matches

Watches Sizes

Washes Buses

Faces Passes

Dishes Wishes

B. Vocabulary : Cucumber Cauliﬂower Egg

Onion Broccoli Coﬀee

Potato Carrot Water

Tomato Sweet corn Bread

Lettuce Pepper Coke

C. How to Act : We use HOW OFTEN to ask about the number of times something happens. We can use phrases like every day, every other day, every hour, once a week, etc. I go to church every Sunday IQ: How often do you go to church? SQ: Do you go to church every Sunday ? Yes, I go to church every Sunday Using adverbs of frequency: Always

100 % time of the action Seldom 40% time of the action

Usually

80% time of the action

Sometimes 50% time of the action

Rarely 20% time of the action Never 0% time of the action

PRESENT CONTINUOUS. QUESTIONS AND NEGATIVE FORM ·ACT 19· Did you know? New Zealand is home to 4 million people and 70 million sheep.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The vowel sound /th/ The front and sides of the tongue contact the alveolar ridge anteriorly and laterally. Orange Teacher

Watch Church

Picture Cheese

Read Look Talk

Work Come Wear

Cheap Chocolate

Much Children

B. Vocabulary : Watch Cook Speak

Listen Go Sit

C. How to Act : We use the present continues to talk about actions and situations in progress now. We form the present continues questions like this: SINGULAR

PLURAL

Am I Are you Is she/he/it Are we Are you Are they

IQ: What are you doing? I’m working

working?

Hear Eat Stand

·WHAT ARE YOU DOING?·

NEGATIVE FULL FORM

SHORT FORM

I am not eating You are not eating He/She/It is not eating We are not eating You are not eating They are not eating

I’m not eating You aren’t eating He isn’t eating We aren’t eating You aren’t eating They aren’t eating

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. I am not eating pizza. 2. She is not dancing Tango. 3. Are they taking swimming lessons? No, they are taking tennis lessons. 4. We are ok, we are not having a diﬃcult time 5. My mother isn’t preparing dinner for us today. 6. Tommy and Laura aren’t going out together. 7. They are not studying in the same school. They go to a diﬀerent school. 8. We are not getting old now. 9. They aren’t looking at me, they are looking at you. 10. We are not writing a comic book. It is a movie. 11. We aren’t playing Romeo and Julieth tonight. It was cancelled.

12. She isn’t looking good. 13. Mary and Carlos are swimming. They are not studying. 14. Are you listening to me? No, I am not listening. 15. You aren’t getting married today!! 16. We aren’t reading that book in class. 17. She isn’t going to the Shopping center tonight. 18. Are all the animals eating bananas? No, they are eating nuts. 19. The students aren’t pronouncing the vocabulary very well. 20. She isn’t playing tennis in school.

D. Act the part : Write questions from these words. Use is or are and put the words in order. 1. (working / Mary / today ) …………………………............................... 2. (what / doing / teachers) …………………………............................... 3. (you / talking / to me) …………………………............................... 4. (where / going / your friends) …………………………............................... 5. (your parents / television / watching) …………………………............................... 6. (what / cooking / Sylvia / for dinner) …………………………...............................

·WHAT ARE YOU DOING?·

7. (why / crying / you)

…………………………...............

8. (coming / the bus / what time)

…………………………...............

9. (reading / she / what )

…………………………...............

10. ( not / studying / tomorrow / he / for the exam) …………………………...............

Acting Task: 1. Use the pictures to make diﬀerent questions. Use all the WH questions you have learned in this level. Laughter is the best medicine.

· TO DRINK OR TO HAVE A DRINK?· Write the noun beginning with each of the following letters from the list. A ____________________________ N ________________________________ B ____________________________ O ________________________________ C ____________________________ P ________________________________ D ____________________________ Q ________________________________ E ____________________________ R ________________________________ F _____________________________ S ________________________________ G ____________________________ T ________________________________ H ____________________________ U ________________________________ I _____________________________ V ________________________________ J _____________________________ W ________________________________ K _____________________________ Y ________________________________ L _____________________________ Z ________________________________ M ____________________________

Acting Task: 1. Use the letters from the alphabet and ﬁnd a verb for each one without using a dictionary. A stitch in time saves nine.

· HOW OFTEN DO YOU ……?·

ACTIVE ENGLISH:

1. She always wakes up early in the morning. 2. He never washes his clothes. 3. They always buy the wrong size of shoes. 4. I rarely see him at school. 5. We usually spend a lot of time together. 6. We never argue about our jobs. 7. Mary often travels by plane. 8. They sometimes get a cold.

11. The teacher never understands what she is saying. 12.My friends in the school are always lazy for sports. 13. We have a birthday party every year. 14. Muslim people never celebrate Christmas. 15. Americans always speak English. 16. They never accept their responsibility 17. You rarely call me. 18. I seldom sleep in the afternoon.

9. Peter and Loui go to church every weekend. 10. The children in my class always draw a picture of the teacher.

19. My teacher sometimes calls my parents after school. 20. They never take wine with their meals.

D. Act the part : Answer the questions: 1. How often do you work-out? 2. How often do you take days oﬀ from...? 3. Do you ever rest?

6. How often do you call your mother? 7. How often do you tell your wife / husband “I love you” 8. How often do you drive to work?

4. How often do you take a shower?

9. How often do you use internet?

5. How often do you go to school?

10. How often do you go dancing?

Acting Task: 1. Tell your friends how often you …… Go out/ call …/take a …../sleep out…. As you make your bed so must you lie on it.

VERBS AND NOUNS ·ACT 21· Did you know? Leonardo da Vinci never built the inventions he designed.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The consonant sound /v/ The inner border of the lower lip contacts the upper teeth to create a constriction. Vase Stove Live

Move Eleven

Love Vice Dive

Clever Very

B. Vocabulary : A break A seat A Bath

to break to sit to bath

Adoration To be fond of A rest

to adore fondness to rest

C. How to Act : We use nouns to talk about things, people or animals. butter, car, woman, dog, problem Some nouns (proper nouns) are the names of people, places and things. We begin proper nouns with capital letters (A,B, …) Jane, Rome, the Tower of London We use verbs to describe actions or situations work, play, live, meet, stay, see They work hard I live with Peter in London

· TO DRINK OR TO HAVE A DRINK?·

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. They are working hard. 2. That woman has a problem with the dog. 3. We drive carefully. 4. Jane likes toast with butter. 5. Paris is in France. 6. Diana stays at her mother’s place every weekend. 7. We live in Rome.

12. She lives in a large ﬂat in New York. 13. Peter walks quickly to work. 14. We will meet them in Green Street on Friday. 15. You have to come and visit us in Paris. 16. My teacher speaks slowly but I don’t understand. 17. Mary and Jackie are studying Japanese at collage.

8. We often meet at the bus stop. 18. I have lost my bag. 9. Mary and Peter always play together. 19. They are going to buy a big old 10. Steven will buy an expensive car. house in the country. 11. I have so much fun in Spain. 20. She swims fast and can play tennis well too.

D. Act the part :

Find and circle the Verbs bird quail tree old inspect wear quaint great railroad read email beautiful oﬀer yearn Ursula

sing zealous zip ridiculous know grow York Mary appear yummy George interesting knitted nut super

woman come do weak Ohio jolly Anna tough crazy Vermont merry lose feel sky think

need angry insect easy violate nice ugly pretty fun city pretend hear hospital violent evaluate

fruit long knee happy zebra understand dolphin qualify Jack diﬃcult London be meet pet jump

IMPERATIVE ·ACT 23· Did you know? The ﬁrst Oxford English Dictionary was published in April 1928, 50 years after it was started.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The consonant sound /th/ Tongue tip is brought forward just below the upper teeth (interdental) or into slight contact with the back of the upper teeth (dental) to create a constriction between tongue tip and upper teeth. Think Clothes

Cathedral Birthday

Thirty Bath

Thought Thing

Truth Both

Look Call Stop

Hear Help Turn

Remove Lie down Come

Add Skip Let’s

B. Vocabulary : Pay Sit down Stand up

C. How to Act : Use the imperative form when giving instructions or orders. The imperative is also very common in written instructions. Be careful when you use the imperative, as it is often considered impolite in English. We use the imperative: • To give instructions Turn right at the corner. • To give warnings Look out! There is a car coming. • To give advice Have a rest. You look tired. • To ask people to do things Come in and seat down please. • To make oﬀers Have another drink. • To wish things Have a nice day!

WORD ORDER ·ACT 22· Did you know? Picasso could draw before he could walk and his ﬁrst word was the Spanish word for pencil.

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The consonant sound /w/ The tongue begins in a high-back position similar to the vowel /u/, but the airways are slightly more constricted. Window We Wear

Wood Water

Way Want Work

Twenty Will

B. Vocabulary : teacher/instructor/tutor

student

doctor/nurse

atient

salesperson

customer

lawyer/ tax advisor

client

publisher

reader

C. How to Act : In English the order of words in a statement is: Subject I Peter

Verb + enjoy is watching

Object good food TV

Wonderful Women

·SUBJECT+VERB+OBJECT·

Some verbs like go, swim, arrive etc.. do not have an object:

•The train didn’t arrive

• Peter and Jane are swimming

Some verbs need an object:

• I like music • She wants a drink After some verbs (eg. give, send, bring, call etc ) we can talk about a person and an object: • He sends Jane a book OR He sends a book to Jane • Ann makes Tom a cup of tea

Ann makes a cup of tea for Tom

• He writes Helen a letter

He writes a letter to Helen

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. They are sending my parents an invitation. 2. They like to play golf. 3. We are visiting Mexico next month. 4. We always play tennis in the club. 5. Maria is eating a pizza. 6. Anna loves action ﬁlms 7. Steve wants a new car.

8. I never forget my passport. 9. She is taking Sam a photo. 10. He likes to drink orange juice. 11. Mary is calling the police. 12. The boys are playing football. 13. Michael is not coming to the party. 14. Anne doesn’t eat scrambled eggs.

·SUBJECT+VERB+OBJECT·

15. Mary is going to eat a large piece of cake. 16. She always writes a letter to Carol. 17. She left a message. 18. She brings the secretary a cup of coﬀee every day.

19. Carol sends ﬂo wers to her mother on her birthday. 20. I am making Justin a sandwich for lunch today.

D. Act the part : Arrange the words to make aﬃrmative sentences. 1. like / I / you

________________________________________

2. French / I / speak

________________________________________

3. hates / pigeons / he

________________________________________

4. they / song / a / sing

________________________________________

5. sell / ﬂowers / we

________________________________________

6. you / see / me / don’t

________________________________________

7. buy / milk / he / wants to

________________________________________

8. feed / you / my / cat / can

________________________________________

9. sister / has / my / a dog

________________________________________

10. must / the book / read / you ________________________________________

Acting Task: 1. Using the vocabulary in this act find the verb,, according to the object shown, make questions to your friends giving different choices and proffesions. Charity begins at home.

·I DO IT BY MYSELF·

Nominative

Objective

Reflexive (compound)

To decide which pronoun to use, focus on them one at a time. Simply ignore any other pronoun or person in the sentence. Once you’ve chosen the correct pronoun, keep the form when you add back the other people.

myself

You

you

yourself

him

himself

She

her

herself

itself

ourselves

They

them

I hurt myself. The subject and object themselves are the same

My dog likes me. DOG is the subject of the sentence. ME is the direct object of the verb LIKES.

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. If you don’t mind, would you please take him to class. 2. The teachers sent her to the inﬁrmary. 3. Danny handed her the ball. 4. When Eric returned from camp, his father gave him a hug.

9. Reprimanding Jerry and her does little good. 10. He wants to call her. 11. Calling him from the shore, Tina tried to get Allan’s attention.

12. The band call themselves “Dire Straits”. 5. Tom oﬀered Mark and me a ride home. 13. He shot himself. 6. For him, no other choice seems 14. That man is talking to himself. reasonable. 15. I’ll do it myself. (No-one else will 7. Between you and me, this is a tough help me). test. 16. They ate all the food themselves. 8. Experts agree that there is a time (No-one else had any). bomb inside her just waiting to go oﬀ. 17. She calls herself “baby”

·DON’T SMOKE!· Notice that sometimes the imperative is one word, but often we give more information: Help! Help me! Help me with my suitcase! We can also say please after an imperative Help me with my suitcase! Please.

ACTIVE ENGLISH: 1. Close your book.

11. Please hand in your homework. Please.

2. Listen carefully.

12. Eat your food!

3. Open your book.

13. Don’t speak Spanish in class!

4. Be quiet.

14. Call me tonight.

5. Raise your hand.

15. Don’t forget your passport.

6. Write your name.

16. Be careful that box is heavy.

7. Take out your book.

17. Bring a coat. It’s cold today.

8. Sit down.

18. Listen to this song. It’s wonderful.

9. Don’t forget,

19. Pass me the butter. Please.

10. Enjoy!

20. Have a nice holiday!

D. Act the part : Make a complete sentence by ﬁlling the gaps with phrases from the boxes 1.___________for me. I’m not coming 6.____________to take your passport. tonight. 7. ____________There is a cat in the 2.___________an umbrella with you. road. It’s raining. 8.____________to my party, please. 3.___________a rest. You look tired. 9.____________your books at page 84. 4.___________at the end of the road. 10.___________the salt, please. 5.___________I can’t swim. Turn left Have

Don’t wait Pass

Don’t forget Open

Stop the car Come

Help me! Take me!

·DON’T SMOKE!·

Acting Task: 1. Tell your friends three of the most useful commands as instructions, warnings and advice. Cut your coat according to your cloth.

I/ME HE/HIM THEY/THEM ETC OBJECTIVE AND REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS ·ACT 24· Did you know? There are more than 7 million millionaires in the world

A. Activate your Pronunciation : The consonant sound /h/ The vocal folds are partially adducted to create a narrowing of the airway. Hammer House

Heart Horrendous

Ham Hospital

Hunted Hose

Huge Hassle

B. Vocabulary : Ask Request Confess Talk

Demand Order Reveal Discuss

Question Inquire Publish

Apply Command Say

Appeal Announce Speak

Require Inform Tell

C. How to Act : Personal pronouns can only be used as the subject of a verb or a sentence. Objective pronouns can only be used as the object of a verb, sentence, or preposition. Reﬂexive pronouns can only be used to direct action back to the subject (think mirror image) or as intensiﬁers.

·APPENDIX·

Creature

Sound

Motion

CommonAdjective

Monkey Mouse Person Pig Rabbit Serpent Wolf Bird Cock Crow Curlew Duck Eagle Hen Lark Owl Parrot Pigeon Seagull Sparrow Swallow Turkey Robin Wren

chatters squeaks talks grunts squeals hisses howls whistles crows caws pipes quacks screams cackles signs hoots screeches coos screams chirps twitters gobbles chirps warbles

climbs scampers walks trots leaps glides lopes flies struts flaps flits waddles swoops struts soars flits flits flutters glides flits dives struts hops hops

agile timid average fat timid loathsome lean swift proud black lonely waddling proud domestic gentle tawny saucy gentle tireless little swift plump little tiny

APPENDIX 3: ABBREVIATIONS An abbreviation is the shortening of a word to a few letters. These letters are used in place of a word for brevity. It is customary to mark all abbreviations with a full stop.

Abbreviation A.A. A.B. A.D. A.1 B.A. B.B.

Word in full Automobile Association Able-bodied seaman Anno Domini Bachelor of Arts Boy’s Brigade

Meaning In the year of our Lord First class 9of ships)

·I DO IT BY MYSELF· 18. John hurt himself while he was ﬁxing his car. 19. At 12.30, Junko and I went to the cafeteria to buy ourselves some lunch. 20. Welcome to the party, everyone! Just help yourselves to the sandwiches and snacks.

D. Act the part : Here are some practice exercises. Write C by the sentences that are correct. Rewrite the sentences that snacks. 1. Give the paperwork to myself. 2. She accomplished that work all by herself.

7. The players themselves are willing to clean the ﬁeld. 8. She asked herself some probing questions.

3. They were concerned for theirselves in such an unsafe situation.

9. He gave hisself a good lecture.

4. He just has to ﬁx that hisself.

10. Sammy gave a copy of that memo to Jim, Tom, and myself.

5. I want him to do the job himself. 6. I myself believe that also.

11. Elizabeth sang quietly to herself.

Acting Task: 1. Use the vocabulary and all the pronouns learned in this act to ask your friends diﬀerent questions. Ask no questions and hear no lies.

APPENDIX Appendix 1: LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS InfinitivePast SimplePast Participle Be Beat Become Begin Bite Blow Break Bring Build Buy Catch Choose Come Cost Cut Do Draw Drink Drive Eat Fall Feel Fight Find Fly Forget Get Give

was/were beat became began bit blew broke brought built bought caught chose came cost cut did drew drank drove ate fell felt fought found ďŹ&#x201A;ew forgot got gave

been beaten become begun bitten blown broken brought built bought caught chosen come cost cut done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen felt fought found ďŹ&#x201A;own forgotten got given

InfinitivePast SimplePast Participle Go Grow Hang Have Hear Hide Hit Hold Hurt Keep Know Leave Lend Let Lie Light Lose Make Mean Meet Pay Put Read /rid/ Ring Rise Run Say See

went grew hung had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew left lent let lay lit lost made meant met paid put read /red/ rang rose ran said saw

gone grown hung had heard hidden hit held hurt kept known left lent let lain lit lost made meant met paid put read /red/ rung risen run said seen

·APPENDIX·

InfinitivePast SimplePast Participle Sell Send Shine Shoot Shown Shut Sing Sit Sleep Speak Spend Stand Steal

sold sent shone shot showed shut sang sat slept spoke spent stood stole

sold sent shone shot shown shut sung sat slept spoken spent stood stolen

InfinitivePast SimplePast Participle Swim Take Teach Tear Tell Think Throw Understand Wake Wear Win Write

swam took taught tore told thought threw understood woke wore won wrote

swum taken taught torn told thought thrown understood woken worn won written

Appendix 2: SOUNDS AND MOTIONS All creatures make sounds and move in a fashion peculiar to their species. Their outstanding characteristics are described by the common adjectives.

Creature Ape Ass Bear Bee Beetle Bull Cat Cow Deer Dog Donkey Elephant Frog Horse Hound Hyena Lamb Lion

Sound

gibbers brays growls hums drones bellows purrs lows bells barks brays trumpets croaks neighs bays screams bleats roars

Motion

swings jogs lumbers ﬂits crawls charges steals wanders bounds runs trots ambles leaps gallops bounds prowls frisks prowls

CommonAdjective ungainly stupid clumsy busy horrid angry sleek stolid fallow faithful obstinate ponderous clammy noble gallant cunning gentle tawny

·APPENDIX·

courage crystal insolent intention interior join just lament lean lofty loyal mad malady margin mariner marsh maximum meager minimum mischief moan modern moisture mute myth nimble noisy odor omen option peculiar persuade stern stubborn sturdy surrender suspended terror tested

bravery glass rude purpose inside unite honest grieve thin high true insane disease edge sailor swamp most scanty least harm groan new dampness dumb fable active rowdy smell sign choice strange coax strict obstinate strong yield hung fear tried

hoax imitate plume proﬁt prohibit prompt powerful promised protect puny purchase quaint quantity queer raiment ramble rank rapid regret remedy request residence reveal roam robust scene shrine sleek slender small squirming steed vacant velour vanquish wealth wicked withdraw wrath

trick copy feather gain forbid quick strong avowed guard weak buy odd amount peculiar clothes roam position quick sorrow cure desire dwelling show wander strong sight tomb smooth slim little wriggling horse empty bravery defeat riches sinful retire anger

·APPENDIX·

Abbreviation

Word in full

B.B.C. B.C. B.D. B.L. B.M.A. B.R. B.Sc. C. C.A. C.I.D. Co. C.O.D. Cr. do. E.E.C. e.g. E.R. etc. F. G.P.O. H.M. H.M.S. h.p. H.R.H. i.e. O.O.U. J.P. Lat. LL.B. l.b.w. M.A. M.P. N.A.T.O. No. O.k. p.c. P.O. R.A.C.

British Broadcasting Corporation Before Christ Bachelor of Divinity Bachelor of Law British Medical Association British Rail Bachelor of Science Centigrade Chartered Accountant Criminal Investigation Department Company Cash of Delivery Credit ditto European Economic Comunitary exempli gratia Elizabeth Regina etcetera Fahrenheit General Post Oﬃce Her Majesty Her Majesty’s Ship horse-power His (or Her) Royal Highness id est I owe you Justice of the Peace Latitude Bachelor of LAWS Leg before wicket Master of Arts Member of Parliament North Atlantic Treaty Organisation Numero Number all correct Police-constable Post Oﬃce Royal Automobile Club

Meaning

the same for example Queen Elizabeth and the other thing

that is

·APPENDIX·

Abbreviation

Word in full

Meaning

the same for example Queen Elizabeth and the other thing

that is

·APPENDIX·

Abbreviation

Word in full

P.O. prox. P.S. P.T.O. R.S.V.P. ult. W.P.

postal order proximo next month post scriptum Please turn over Repondez s’il vous plait ultimo weather permitting

Meaning written after Reply if you please last month

APPENDIX 4: SYNONYMS (Words similar in meaning) abandon abode abundant accused acute adhere aﬀectionate aid ally amazement ancient assemble astonish asunder besieged blank bottom bright broad caution circular clergyman coarse commence comprehend conceal constable conversation

leave dwelling plenty blamed sharp stick loving help friend wonder old gather surprise apart surrounded empty foot shining wide care round minister rough begin understan hide policeman talk heroic

cunning curb custom deceive diﬃcult diligent disaster dusk elude emperor enemy enormous extended exterior fall famous fatigue feeble gap glance glaring gravely greeted grope gruﬀ halt hearth heroic

sly control habit cheat hard steady calamity twilight escape king foe gigantic enlarged outside drop noted weariness weak hole look dazzling sternly saluted feel harsh stop ﬁreside bravery

·APPENDIX· c) MANNER: badly, easily, slowly, well Example: The tall boy won easily. d) DEGREE: almost, much, only, quite, very, rather. Example: The old lady walked very slowly. e) NUMBER: once, twice Example: They ran twice round the playground f) QUESTIONING: where, when, how Example: When did you see him? g) AFFIRMATION and NEGATION: yes, certainly, no, not Examples: She can certainly swim I have not read the book. NOTE: The majority of Adverbs are formed from corresponding Adjectives by adding “-ly”, e.g. Quickly, bravely, seriously, happily, clearly, slowly, Quietly, angrily, fatally, suitably.

APPENDIX 8: COMPARISON OF ADVERBS Adverbs are compared in the same way as Adjectives. As most adverbs are twosyllable words they generally form the Comparative and Superlative by adding “more” and “most” to the positive.

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

bitterly bravely brieﬂy carefully clearly cruelly easily freely greedily happily loudly quickly slowly willingly

more bitterly more bravely more brieﬂy more carefully more clearly more cruelly more easily more freely more greedily more happily more loudly more quickly more slowlyy more willingly

most bitterly most bravely most brieﬂy most carefully most clearly most cruelly most easily most freely most greedily most happily most loudly most quickly most slowly most willingly

·APPENDIX· thrust tranquil transparent unite

pushed peaceful clear join

wretched wreath yearly

miserable circle annually

APENDIX 5: HOMONYMS (SIMILAR SOUNDING WORDS) Air aisle alley allowed ant ate bad bail ball bare beach bell blew boar board bough boy buy ceiling cellar cereal cheap check coarse core loot made mail main mare meat medal

Heir Isle (I’ll) ally aloud aunt eight bade bale bawl bear beech belle blue bore bored bow buoy by (bye) sealing seller serial cheep cheque course corps lute maid male mane mayor meet meddle

council crews currant gilt grate groan hail hair hear heard higher him hoard hole holy hour key knew knight knot knows lair checleak lightening loan stake stationary steal stile tail tares tiers

counsel cruise current guilt great grown hale hare here herd hire hymn horde whole wholly our quay new night not nose layer leek lightning lone steak stationery steel style tale tears tears

·APPENDIX· their missed more muscle none oar pail pain pair pause peace peal pearl peer picture right rite ring road root rose rye sail scene scent sea seam sew sight soar sole son

there mist mower mussel nun o’er (ore) pale pane pare (pear) paws piece peel peril pier pitcher wright write wring rode route rows wry sale seen sent (cent) seen seem so (sow) site sore soul sun

stair threw tide time to told vain vale waist wait weak wood

stare trough tied thyme too (two) tolled vane (vein) veil waste weight week would

APPENDIX 6: COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES The Positive is used when speaking of or describing an object, e.g. short, big. The Comparative is used when comparing two objects and informed by adding “-er” to the Positive, e.g. shorter, bigger. The Superlative is used when speaking of more than two objects and is formed by adding “-est” to the Positive, e.g. shortest, biggest.

·APPENDIX·

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

big fast gay great late long small tall thin bad far good little many much

bigger faster gayer greater later longer smaller taller thinner worse farther better less more more

biggest fastest gayest greatest latest longest smallest tallest thinnest worst farthest best least most most

Generally to adjectives of two or more syllables more is used comparatively, and most is used superlatively, e.g. careful, more careful, and most careful.

Positive

Comparative

Superlative

beautiful brilliant cautious comfortable generous gracious handsome ignorant

more beautiful more brilliant more cautious more comfortable more generous more gracious more handsome more ignorant

most beautiful most brilliant most cautious most comfortable most generous most gracious most handsome most ignorant

APPENDIX 7: THE ADVERB An Adverb is a word which modiﬁes or adds to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. Adverbs may be divided, according to their use, into the following classes:TIME: before, now, since, then, already, soon, seldom. Example: We have met before. b) PLACE: here, there, everywhere, nowhere. Example: They came here yesterday.

·APPENDIX·

Positive early fast long soon

Comparative

Superlative

earlier faster longer sooner

earliest fastest longest soonest

worse farther further worse later more better

worst farthest furthest worst last most best

Exceptions: badly far forth ill late much well

APPENDIX 9: SOME COMMON VERBS WITH SUITABLE ADVERBS. Verbs

Adverbs

acted answered ate bled bowed caressed charged chuckled crept decided explained fell ﬂogged fought frowned injured left listened lost

quickly, suddenly, warily correctly, immediately, tartly greedily, hungrily, quickly, slowly freely, profusely, slightly humbly, respectfully, stiﬄy fondly, gently, lovingly bravely, desperately, furiously artfully, gleefully, happily quietly, silently, softly, stealthily carefully, eventually, immediately brieﬂy, clearly, concisely, vaguely heavily, quickly, suddenly brutally, cruelly, unmercifully bravely, furiously, gamely angrily, sulkily, worriedly accidentally, fatally, seriously, slightly hurriedly, quietly, suddenly anxiously, attentively, carefully badly, heavily, sportingly

·APPENDIX·

Prefix

Meaning

Examples

icle, sel less ling ment ﬂy ock oon, on ory ous

to make little without little state of being little large a place for full of

glorify, purify, simplify particle, morsel careless, guiltless, merciless codling, gosling, darling merriment, enjoyment hillock, bittock saloon, balloon,ﬂagon dormitory, factory famous, glorious, momentous

APPENDIX 13: SPELLING LISTS Home

People

Body

Food

attic bolster cellar chimney curtains cushion detergent hearth kitchen lobby mattress meter mirror parlour pillow poker saucer scullery towel tumbler

adult ancestors aunt babies children comrade cousin friend guest hostess maiden nephew niece orphan parents relation uncle visitor widower youth

ankles arteries exercise forehead heart knees knuckles limbs lungs muscles nostrils shoulder skeleton skull stomach thigh throat tongue veins wrist

bacon biscuits bread butter cheese chocolate cocoa coﬀee margarine marmalade mutton porridge pudding sago salmon sandwich sausages steak sugar venison

·APPENDIX·

Verbs

Adverbs

mumbled pondered pulled ran remembered sang shone shouted slept smiled sneered spent spoke sprang staggered strove stuttered trembled waited walked wept whispered yielded

angrily, inaudibly, indistinctly deeply, seriously, thoughtfully hastily, strongly, vigorously hurriedly, quickly, rapidly, slowly clearly, distinctly, faintly, slightly loudly, softly, sweetly, tunefully brightly, brilliantly, clearly, dimly frantically, joyfully, jubilantly, loudly, suddenly ﬁtfully, lightly, soundly broadly, happily, ruefully insolently, impudently, tauntingly foolishly, freely, recklessly, sparingly clearly, distinctly, earnestly, loudly, plainly, slowly. hurriedly, lightly, quickly, suddenly awkwardly, drunkenly, weakly bravely, desperately, manfully excitedly, haltingly, painfully fearfully, frightfully, visibly patiently, anxiously clumsily, haltingly, quickly, slowly, smartly, slouchingly. bitterly, distractedly, sadly, touchingly audibly, quietly, softly stubbornly, weakly, willingly

APPENDIX 10: THE PRONOUN Personal Pronoun Nom.

Obj.

Poss. Adj.

I you he she it we you they

me you him her it us you them

my your his her its our your their

Com. mine yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves

Poss. Pron. yours his hers its ours yours theirs

·APPENDIX·

APPENDIX 11: PREFIXES Prefix

Meaning

Examples

a a-, ab-, arad-, ac-, arantebi-, biscircumcomcontradedif-, dis exforeim-, ininintermisobpostpreproresubtransunvice-

on away, from to before two, twice round together against down apart, not out of before in, into not between wrong against after before forth back under across not, without instead

a float, ashore, aloft avert, absolve, abstract adhere, accept, arrive antecedent, anteroom bicycle, biped, bisect, biscuit circumference, circuit comparison, competition contrary, contraband. Contradiction depress, descend, describe different, disagree, disappear exhale, export, extract forecast, forenoon, foretell, foresee import, include incapable, inhuman international, interrupt, interval misdeed, misjudge, mistake object, obstruction postpone, postscript, post-war predict, prepare, pre-war proceed, produce retake, return, retrace submarine, subway transfer, transport, transpose unfit, unknown, unpaid, unsafe vice-Capitan, viceroy

APPENDIX 12: SUFFIXES Prefix

Meaning

Examples

able, ible ain, an ance, ence ant el, et, ette er, eer, ier ess

capable of being one connected state of one who little one who the female

movable, eatable, incredible chaplain, publican repentance, existence assistant, servant satchel, locket, cigarette baker, engineer, furrier goddess, princess, waitress

·APPENDIX·

ﬁr hawthorn larch lime maple oak olive palm pine poplar rowan sycamore yew

dahlia daisy dandelion forget-me-not foxglove geranium gladiolus honeysuckle hyacinth iris lilac lily lily-of-the-valley

poppy primrose queen-of-the-meadow rhododendron rose snowdrop sunﬂower sweet pea thistle tulip violet wall-ﬂower water-lily

daddy-long-legs dragon fly earwig flea fly gnat grasshopper locust louse midge mosquito moth wasp

Fruit

Vegetables

Minerals

Liquids

apple apricot banana blackcurrant bramble cherry currant damson gooseberry grape lemon melon orange peach pear pineapple plum raspberry strawberry tomato

bean beetroot cabbage carrot cauliﬂower celery cucumber garlic leek lettuce onion parsley parsnip pea potato radish rhubarb sprout tomato turnip

aluminium brass bronze coal copper gold granite iron lead marble mercury nickel platinum radium silver slate steel sulphur tin zinc

acid alcohol beer brine cider cocoa coﬀee emonade milk oil paraﬃn petrol port sherry tea turpentine vinegar water whisky wine

·APPENDIX·

Clothing

Trades

Travel (1)

Travel (2)

braid cloak costume cotton ﬂannel gabardine garments jacket linen lingerie muslin petticoat satin stocking trousers tweed velour velvet waistcoat woollen

butcher carpenter chemist clothier doctor draper druggist engineer grocer journalist lawyer mason mechanic plumber purveyor riveter sawyer sculptor tailor Wright

aeroplane airship balloon bicycle brakes carriage coach cruise electricity engine express fares gangway guard label locomotive luggage machine omnibus parcel

passengers pedals pier platform purser saloon seaplane signal skis sledge sleigh steerage steward tourist tramway traveller tunnel vehicle waggons whistles

Land

Sea

Sky

Coast

cape cliﬀ continent country headland hillock island marsh mound mountain pampas peninsula plain prairie precipice summit

billows breakers breakwater channel crest ﬁord harbour inlet lagoon lake loch ocean river rivulet sea streamlet

altitude astronomy atmosphere cloudy comet creation crescent dawn eclipse hazy heavens horizon midnight planet solar sunset

bathing beach billows breeze cliﬀs cockles costume diving herring lobster mussels pier rowing seaweed shingle swimmer

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tundra valley veldt volcano

torrent tributary trough vwaves

telescope twilight universe zenith

view whelks winkles wreck

Time

Sport

School

Hospital

ancient annual August autumn century Christmas dawn Easter era February gloaming January minutes modern punctual Saturday September Thursday Tuesday Wednesday

badminton bowls boxing cricket fencing football golf hockey polo putting release rounders rugby shinty skating sleighing sprinting tennis wrestling yachting

calendar ceiling chalk composition copies cupboard dictation easel grammar history hymns interval partition pastels pencil picture poetry pupil scholar teacher

accident casualty chloroform disease doctor fever infection massage medicine ointment operation paralysis physician plaster poison sterilise surgeon thermometer tonic ward

Animals (1)

Animals (2)

Animals (3)

Dogs

ape armadillo badger bat bear beaver buﬀalo bull camel cat cow

goat gorilla hare hedgehog hippopotamus horse hyena jackass jaguar kangaroo leopard

otter ox panther pig porcupine puma rabbit rat reindeer seal sheep

Airedale Alsatian bloodhound bulldog borzoi collie dachshund Dalmatian greyhound Newfoundland Pekinese

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dog donkey dromedary elephant ferret fox gazelle giraﬀe

Birds (1)

llama lynx mole mongoose monkey moose mouse mule

squirrel stoat tiger walrus weasel whale yak zebra

Pomeranian poodle retriever Saint Bernard setter sheepdog spaniel terrier

Birds (2)

hawk heron jackdaw kingﬁsher lapwing magpie moorhen nightingale owl oyster-catcher parrot partridge peewit pelican penguin pheasant pigeon plover puﬃn raven

Birds (3)

albatross blackbird budgerigar canary chaffinch cormorant corncrake crane crow cuckoo curlew dipper duck eagle falcon finch flamingo gannet goose guillemot

redshank robin rook sandpiper seagull skylark snipe sparrow starling stork swallow swan swift tern thrush turkey vulture wagtail woodpecker wren

cod dogfish eel flounder flying-fish goldfish haddock halibut herring mackerel pike swan plaice roach salmon shark skate sole swordfish trout whiting

Fish

Trees

Flowers (1)

Flowers (2)

Insects

apple ash beech birch cedar chestnut elm

aster bluebell buttercup carnation chrysanthemum crocus daﬀodil

lotus lupin marigold narcissus orchid pansy peony

ant bee beetle bug butterﬂy centipede cricket