REBIRTH
of Historic Synagogues in Jerusalem’s Old City
Shana Tova
We are honored to provide our community with a beautiful calendar each year, allowing families to follow and observe their most honored dates, holidays and traditions. My hope for you and your family is that the year ahead be filled with good health, blessings and milestones to celebrate. May the memory of those who have passed be remembered and honored on their Yahrzeit.
Hillside Memorial Park and Mortuary is dedicated to serving the traditional and modern Southern California Jewish and Interfaith Community from generation to generation. As always, it is our privilege to assist you and your family with information, planning and aftercare support.
Rafael Ochoa General Manager
ELIYAHU HANAVI
The oldest of the four Sephardic synagogues in the Old City complex is the Eliyahu Hanavi Synagogue, established in the 16th century. According to legend, one Yom Kippur, a tenth man mysteriously appeared so that a minyan could be formed and prayer could begin, only to disappear immediately after Neilah, the closing prayer. Joining in with congregation’s all-day Yom Kippur proceedings, the congregants felt a spiritual aura that made them pray with an extraordinary deep level of devotion. Everyone was convinced that the man was none other than the Prophet Elijah himself, coming to save the day. Thus, the synagogue was named after him. The replica of the chair he sat on (the original being looted in 1948 War of Independence) is in an alcove.
SEPTEMBER 2024
Times listed in date boxes are for Los Angeles (zip code 90045.) For
www.hillsidememorial.org
NOVEMBER 2024
Times listed in date boxes are for Los Angeles (zip code 90045.) For other locations, see inside back cover.
www.hillsidememorial.org
OHR HACHAIM
The Ohr Hachaim Synagogue is located in the Armenian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. It is named after the Ohr Hachaim (Light of Life), an authoritative commentary on the five books of Moses – the magnum opus of the great Kabbalist Rabbi Chaim ibn Attar. The building was where Rabbi Ari Hakadosh (the renowned Kabbalistic Rabbi known as the Arizal) was born in 1534. Over 200 years later, in 1742, Rabbi Chaim ibn Attar came to Jerusalem from Morocco to live in the building that his “Rabbi” and mentor had once lived in. He established a study hall in the upper floor of the building together with a women’s section. A number of years ago a mikveh was uncovered near the stairs which lead to the women’s section, confirming a long-standing tradition of its existence.
Though the synagogue was founded by a kabbalist of Sephardic descent, the synagogue eventually came to serve the Ashkenazic community, headed by Rabbi Shlomo Rosenthal. When the Jewish Quarter fell to the Arab Legion in 1948, during the Arab-Israeli War, the synagogue was closed. It was reopened and refurbished after Israel reunified the Old City in 1967.
www.hillsidememorial.org
Times listed in date boxes are for Los Angeles (zip code 90045.) For other locations, see inside back cover. Rafael Ochoa, General Manager FD1358
THE ISTANBULI
As the Sephardic community of Jerusalem grew, a large group of immigrants arrived from Istanbul, Turkey, who used the adjacent building to the Ben Zakai Synagogue as a synagogue from 1764. Over time, the Istanbuli Synagogue attracted worshipers from the Eastern communities, including Kurdistan and from North and West Africa. The synagogue fell into the hands of the Jordanians in the 1948 war. After Israel gained control of the Old City during the Six-Day War, it was renovated. The Torah ark (hekhal) dates from the seventeenth century and was imported from a synagogue which had been destroyed in Ancona, Italy. The podium (tebah) constructed in the eighteenth century, came from a synagogue in Pesaro, Italy.
Today, the Istanbuli Synagogue is one of the group of the four Sephardic synagogues in the Old City and is used by a Spanish and Portuguese congregation following mostly the London rite.
Times listed in date boxes are for Los Angeles (zip code 90045.) For other locations, see inside back cover.
TZUF D’VASH
The Tzuf D’vash is a Sephardic synagogue, and named after Rabbi David ben Shimon, (acronym D-v-Sh,) who arrived from Morocco in 1854. During the 19th century, a greater number of Jews arrived in Jerusalem from the North African countries. Through Ben Shimon’s influence, the group broke off from the greater Sephardic community of Jerusalem and established the Westerners’ Synagogue (as opposed to the Eastern Mizrahi Jews). The community’s property register, listed a yard with two synagogues, with the Ben Tzuf synagogue described as the “large and special one.” The register adds that people would rise each midnight to study at the synagogue. The upper floor contained the Talmud Torah, which consisted of three rooms. The lower floor housed the meeting room of the community council, and two small rooms in which lived the widows who cleaned the yard.
After the 1948 war, the building was under Jordanian rule, along with the entire Old City of Jerusalem. Though the building was looted, it remained standing. After the Six-Day War in 1967, the building was refurbished. In 1980 it was restored as a house of prayer and its domed rooms were rededicated in 1989 by the French community.
www.hillsidememorial.org
Times listed in date boxes are for Los Angeles (zip code 90045.) For other locations, see inside back cover.
www.hillsidememorial.org
TZEMACH TZEDEK Built in 1858
with the help of Elias David Sassoon of Bombay, the Tzemach Tzedek Synagogue was named in honor of the Third Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Lubavitch, who encouraged Jewish families then living in nearby Hebron to move to the Old City and establish a community there.
Jewish life disappeared from the Old City in 1948, when Jordanian forces shut off from the rest of Jerusalem. In the ensuing years, Arab soldiers and residents looted the city’s historic synagogues, destroying all except the Tzemach Tzedek, which was used first as an ammunitions depot, and later as stables and shops.
After the Israeli army recaptured the Old City in the Six Day War in 1967, Rabbi Moshe Segal, a Lubavitch Chasid who fought in Israel’s War for Independence 19 years earlier as a member of the Irgun, chose to personally guard the synagogue, sleeping on a wooden plank with either a gun or a knife under his head until Jewish families returned to the neighborhood. They eventually did and rebuilt the synagogue.
THE EMTSAI (MIDDLE)
The Emtsai Synagogue or Middle Synagogue, also known as the Kahal Tzion Synagogue, forms the central chamber of the four Sephardic synagogues complex in the Old City. It was originally a courtyard which was probably used as the women’s section of the Rabbi Yohanan Ben Zakai Synagogue. During Sukkot it could be converted into a sukkah for the worshippers. With the growth of the community, it was decided during the middle of the 18th century to roof the yard. It was turned into what is today known as the Middle Synagogue, due to its location in the “middle” of the other three synagogues.
RABBI GETZ
The interior of the Rabbi Getz Synagogue consists of a series of vaults, shaped like the Hebrew letter (daled), that rest directly on the Western Wall. This underground location enhances its significance among certain Orthodox Jews. In the middle of the Western Wall’s facade lies Warren’s Gate, named after Charles Warren, who explored the Temple Mount during 1867-1870. The Warren’s Gate was closest to the Holy of Holies in the Second Temple. Following the 1967 Six Day War, the space was converted to a synagogue and named after Rabbi Yehuda Meir Getz, the Western Wall’s first rabbi.
MENACHEM ZION
The Menachem Zion (Consoler of Zion) Synagogue was dedicated in 1837 and takes it name from a prayer recited on Tisha Be’Av, the day of remembrance for the destruction of the Temple (“Blessed are You, Consoler of Zion and Builder of Jerusalem”). It was founded by Perushim – Jewish disciples of the great Torah scholar, the Vilna Gaon. They left Lithuania at the beginning of the 19th century to settle in the Land of Israel, with three principles: 1) rebuild Jerusalem as the Torah center of the world, 2) aid and speed the ingathering of the Jewish exile, and 3) expand the currently settled areas of the Land of Israel. The synagogue remained in use until the War of Independence (1948), when it was badly damaged and its contents looted. The congregation was one of the first to be re-established by residents of the Old City after 1967. The synagogue contains an 18th Century Italian ark and furnishings that came from Rav Samson Raphael Hirsch’s synagogue in Germany.
www.hillsidememorial.org
Times listed in date boxes are for Los Angeles (zip code 90045.) For other locations, see inside back cover.
THE KOTEL
When Rome destroyed the Second Temple in 70 C.E., only its western outer wall remained standing. For Jews, this remnant of what was the most sacred building in the Jewish world quickly became the holiest spot in Jewish life.
For the 19 years the eastern portion of Jerusalem was under Jordanian control, Jews were barred from entering the Old City, effectively banning Jewish prayer at the site of the Western Wall (Kotel ha-Ma’aravi.) This period ended when Israel gained control of the site following the Six-Day War in 1967. An estimated two million people visited the Kotel in the first six weeks after the war.
Until 1967, the Kotel had no prayer plaza. There was just a narrow alleyway which was 28 meters long and only 3.6 meters wide. After the war and reunification of Jerusalem, the area was expanded. Today it is approximately 57 meters. The Kotel Plaza officially serves as a synagogue often considered the world’s largest synagogue welcoming 12 million visitors yearly (and over 1 million notes.)
SEPTEMBER 2025
Times listed in date boxes are for Los Angeles (zip code 90045.) For other locations, see inside back cover.
www.hillsidememorial.org
CANDLELIGHTING TIMES FOR 5785 SHABBATS AND HOLIDAYS
All
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Shemini Atzeret October 24 October 24
CANDLE LIGHTING BL ESSING FOR SHABBAT
Baruch A-tah Ado-nai E-lo-hei-nu Me-lech Ha-olam A-sher Ki-de-sha-nu Be-mitz-vo-tav Vi-tzi-va-nu Le-had-lik Ner Shel Shabbat.
Blessed are You, Eternal our G-d, Sovereign of the Universe, You hallow us with Your mitzvot and command us to kindle the lights of Shabbat.
CANDLE LIGHTING BL ESSINGS FOR HOLIDAYS
Baruch A-tah Ado-nai E-lo-hei-nu Me-lech Ha-olam A-sher Ki-de-sha-nu Be-mitz-vo-tav Vi-tzi-va-nu Le-had-lik Ner Shel (Shabbat V-shel) Yom Tov.
Blessed are You, Eternal our G-d, Sovereign of the Universe, You hallow us with Your mitzvot and command us to kindle the lights of (Shabbat and of) the holiday.
*Ba-ruch A-tah Ado-nai E-lo-hei-nu Me-lech Ha-olam She-he-che-ya-nu Vi-kee-yi-ma-nu Vi-hi-gee-ah-nu Laz-man Ha-zeh.
*Blessed are You, Eternal our G-d, Sovereign of the Universe, Who has kept us alive and sustained us and let us reach this time.
*Recited by Ashkenazim. Most Sephardim recite Shehecheyanu over Kiddush instead of over candles.
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