16 Agricultural buildings John Weller, Rod Sheard, Frank Bradbeer and others
KEY POINTS: Farming is an industry subject to continual change Animal welfare and concern about pollution is leading to legislative constraints, both domestic and European
• •
Contents 1 Introduction 2 Farm animals 3 Farm machinery 4 Dairy cattle housing 5 Beef cattle and calf housing 6 Sheep housing 7 Pig housing 8 Poultry housing 9 Crop storage and effluent produced 10 Equestrian design 11 Building legislation 12 Bibliography
1 INTRODUCTION 1.01 The agricultural economy Agriculture in the UK and also in the rest of Europe (particularly in the West) is becoming big business. Small farms and small farmers are becoming increasingly rare; marginal land is coming out of production. Owners of hitherto agricultural land are seeking other revenue-earning uses such as golf courses. 1.02 Planning Buildings, irrespective of the enterprise, should be planned in terms of their functions for storage, processing or production. Food, like other industrial processes, should be designed for materials handling and flow-line production. Superimposing linear buildings within or over traditional courtyard forms is both a visual and a tactical problem. Stock housing produces effluents. Farm waste management is an essential part of the building design and increasingly subject to statutory control. Wastes should normally be recycled, provided that this is done safely. 1.03 Building functions Depending on managerial philosophy, building functions may be specialist, semi-specialist or flexible in their form. Farmers tend to equate flexibility with general-purpose layouts and with low capital investments; this can be a false equation. The loss of quality control, often difficult to evaluate, makes most ‘cheap umbrellas’ poor performers for specific end products. The demand for flexibility reflects two factors – lack of confidence in stable markets, and the rapidity of technical change. UK food production is essentially controlled by EU policy (via CAP, the Common Agricultural Policy), which aims at market stability. Technical change is liable to continue, although expansion of power demand may become more selective. 1.04 Stock housing and storage requirements In simple terms, most storage requirements are those of containers: cylinders, bins and bunkers. Wide-span portals are suitable for some layouts for cattle, bulk storage and general farm machinery.
CI/SfB: 26, 565 UDC 728.94, 725:88 Uniclass: F5676
Compact and insulated ‘boxes’ of low profile are best for calves, pigs or poultry. They may include total or partial environmental control. In contrast, ‘kennels’ are cheaply framed, semi-open, mono-pitch structures suitable for some cattle and pig layouts. 1.05 Construction and procurement Most buildings are partially or wholly prefabricated, or are purchased under package deals. Standard frames can be obtained ‘off the shelf’, and infilled by ‘self-build’. Performance specifications are rare. Overall costs are lower than for most buildings of similar type, partly due to lower standards being demanded (see BS 5502, Buildings and Structures for Agriculture, in its many parts). 1.06 Lifespan of buildings Most pre-1960 buildings are inefficient for modern production and many traditional buildings are redundant. A few are suitable for casual storage, administration, isolation units, or spare boxes. The issue of redundancy is not easy to resolve. Some historic barns have been dismantled and relocated. Tourism, recreation and craft work are all encouraged in rural areas. A tenth of all farms have some tourist income. In upland areas, it may be the principal source of income. Farm planning should allow for alternative uses for buildings and land. The normal economic life for farm buildings is ten years, though some are depreciated over five. This is a major design constraint. Some estates may permit a longer term of 20–60 years, especially for ‘umbrella’ enclosures. Grants are available for all except plastic, cheap tents and for factory farms (i.e. without supporting land). EU grants are more generous but require carefully prepared development proposals. The moving, alteration or demolition of historic farm buildings may be subject to listed building legislation. Some unlisted structures are also subject to listed building consent because they are curtilage structures to a listed farmhouse or manor house: the demolition of an unlisted but curtilage building usually requires listed building consent even if their alteration and repair does not. 1.07 Appearance Farm building appearance, especially since many are exempt from control and since most are cheap compared to other building types, is a contentious issue. Simple forms, good colour, defined planes, and coordinated fittings such as vent pipes and flues, combined with careful siting and landscaping, make buildings acceptable. However, large roof surfaces are likely to conflict with vernacular buildings and can, near rising land, become dominant. Component design is often poor and unrelated to the basic structure. Surrounds to buildings, including yards, tanks, fences, etc. are often more unsightly than the buildings. 1.08 Criteria Farm management in relation to resources of land area and terrain, climate, soil, capital, etc. is such that every farm building problem is different, despite prefabrication, package deals and BS 5502. In many enterprises, it is difficult to establish a good design brief. The basic layout, 16.1, shows the relationships between the elements of the farm and the main service road. 16.2 shows a typical farm. 16-1
16-2
Agricultural buildings
2 FARM ANIMALS Average sizes and weights of animals are shown in 16.3. Width of animal given is normal trough space allowed (i.e. about two-thirds of overall width). Length given is normal standing (not fully extended).
3 FARM MACHINERY Average sizes and weights of tractors and other machinery are given in 16.4.
4 DAIRY CATTLE HOUSING Table I gives dimensions for cattle housing; examples suitable for a 120-cattle unit are shown in 16.5 and 16.6. A typical cubicle house is 27 m wide 55 m long plus 10 m turn area at one end plus a 4 m road. A ‘kennel’ has the same basic dimensions but the roof is lower and is held by the cubicle division and the passage is not completely roofed, as 16.7. Various systems of milking parlour are shown in 16.8. Rotary parlours are now considered obsolete, and the current favourite is the herringbone, 16.9.
16.1 Basic layout, mixed arable and stock farm. Although the arrangement shown has been stylised, in fact farms are usually linear to the main service road
a Site plan
b Plan
c Part cross-section
16.2 Typical farm: Wilcove
5 BEEF CATTLE AND CALF HOUSING Straw-covered and slatted yards for beef cattle are shown in 16.10 and 16.11. A calf house is illustrated in 16.12 and 16.13 is a ‘general-purpose’ straw-covered yard for cattle (700 mm/head for manger for adults, 500 mm for yearlings).
Agricultural buildings
16.3 Farm animals: average size and weights
large tipping trailer, 7 tonnes load
16.4 Farm machinery: average weights and sizes
small tipping trailer, 4 tonnes load
16-3
16-4
Agricultural buildings
Table I Dimensions of cattle housing Mass of cow (kg)
350–500 500–600 600–650 650–700 700–800
Dimensions of cubicles (m) Length including kerb
Length behind trough
Minimum clear width between partitions
2.00 2.15 2.30 2.30 2.50
1.45 1.60 1.80 1.80 2.00
1.00 1.10 1.15 1.15 1.20
Dimensions of cowsheds (m) Length of standing without trough
2.00 2.15 2.30
Length of standing behind 0.75 to 0.9 wide trough 1.45 1.60 1.80
Clear width between stall divisions of a two-cow standing 2.00 2.15 2.40
Gangway width
Minimum width of feed passage (if any)
Longitudinal fall along gangway and dung channel
Single range: 2.0
0.9
1%
Double range: 3.0
16.5 Section showing cubicle division: dimensions for Friesian cows
16.6 Alternative sections of cubicle house showing perimeter feeding to left of centreline, centre feeding to right
16.7 Section through kennel for beef or dairy cattle
Agricultural buildings
a abreast e trigon
b tandem
f polygon c chute
d herringbone
16.8 Milking parlour systems
g rotary
16-5
16-6
Agricultural buildings
a plan
b section
16.9 Herringbone system milking parlour
16.10 Section through straw-covered yard for beef cattle with easy feeding
16.11 Section through slatted yard for beef using self-unloading trailers. Note: fully slatted yards are not approved by Brambell Committee
Agricultural buildings
16-7
6 SHEEP HOUSING Required dimensions are given in Table II. A section through sheep housing is shown in 16.14. A dipping tank suitable for large breeds is shown in 16.15.
7 PIG HOUSING Table III covers the dimensional requirements. Three types of fattening house are shown in 16.16–16.18, and two types of farrowing house in 16.19 and 16.20.
8 POULTRY HOUSING Dimensions are given in Table IV. Rearing, fattening and egg houses are shown in 16.21–16.25 and a pole barn for fattening turkeys in 16.26.
9 CROP STORAGE AND EFFLUENT PRODUCED Some typical feed and produce stores are shown in 16.27–16.34. Table V indicates the scope of manure likely to be produced. 16.12 Plan and section of calf house
16.13 Plan of general purpose straw-covered yard for cattle
Table II Sheep housing Type of sheep
Age or mass
Area per animal (m2)
Length of trough (mm) depending on feeding system
Perforated floor
Solid floor with straw
Compounds/ concentrates
Ad lib hay/ silage
Big bale silage, self-feed
Pregnant ewes
45–60 kg 60–75 kg 75–90 kg
0.8 0.9 1.1
1.0 1.2 1.4
400 460 500
175 200 225
100 150 150
Ewes with lambs
Individually penned Groups, 45 kg ewe Groups, 68 kg ewe Grouped, 90 kg ewe
– 1.0 1.4 1.7
2.2 1.3 1.7 1.8
420 460 500
175 200 225
100 150 150
– – – –
2.1 1.5 0.15 0.4
0.5 0.6 0.8
0.7 0.8 0.9
300 350 400
125 150 175
100 100 100
Lambs
Individually penned Group housed Creep area at 2 weeks Creep area at 4 weeks
Hoggs
20–30 kg 30–40 kg 40–50 kg
16-8
Agricultural buildings
16.14 Sheep housing, manger run per head: fattening lamb 300 mm ewe and lamb 400 mm yearling 500 mm
16.15 Sections through dipping tank for large breed ewes. Allow 2.25 litres of solution per head Table III Pig housing: dimensions required for 10 animals Typical age (days) 0 20 35 65 115 140 160 185 210 – – –
Mass (kg) 1.5 5 9 20 50 70 85 110 140 – –
Type Piglets Early weaners Weaners Weaners Porkers Cutters Baconers Heavy hogs Overweight Dry sows In-pig sows Boar
Lying area (m2)
0.7 1.5 3.5 4.6 5.5 6.7 8.5 15.0 15.0
Min dung area (m2)
Total (m2)
Trough length (mm)
0.3 0.6 1.0 1.6 2.0 2.3 3.0 5.0 5.0 8.0/boar
1.3/litter 1.75/litter 1.0 2.1 4.5 6.2 7.5 9.0 11.5 20.0 20.0 500/boar
500 500 600 1750 2250 2750 3000 4000 5000
16.16 Plan and section of fattening house with side dung passage
Lying pan depth (mm)
1170 860 1560 1280 1840 1680 1700 3000 3000
Agricultural buildings
16.17 Plan and section of fattening house with centre slatted dung passage
16.18 Plan and section of fattening house with straw-covered system and floor feeding
16-9
16-10
Agricultural buildings
16.19 Plan and section of permanent crate farrowing house
16.20 Plan and section of Soleri open front farrowing house
Agricultural buildings 16-11 Table IV Poultry housing System
Species/cage numbers
Battery or tier brooder and cooling cage
One hen in cage Two hens in cage Three hens in cage Four hens in cage
Floor rearing on litter
Layers Broilers Turkeys Ducks 0.015
Part wire or slatted floor rearing Trough length (mm)
Birds in cages Layers Broilers Turkeys Ducks
0–4 weeks
4–8 weeks
9–16 weeks
0.1 0.075 0.055 0.043
0.1 0.09 0.09 0.09
0.1–0.43 0.1–0.43 0.1–0.43 0.1–0.43
0.025
0.09 0.09 0.14 Free range 0.09–0.14
0.18–0.28 0.37–0.46
40 50 73 122
60 75 73 Free range
0.09 0.09 0.09 100 30 30 36 55
16.21 Section through poultry broiler and rearing house. Roof insulated with minimum 25 mm rigid polyurethane or equivalent. Stocking density 10 birds/m2, RH 60%, temperature 30 C
16.22 Section through flat deck deep pit battery house. Roof insulated with minimum 25 mm rigid polyurethane or equivalent. Stocking at 100 mm trough per bird in multibird cages for light hybrids, 125 mm for heavier birds. RH 60%, temperature 20–25 C. If falls to 12 does not harm output but increases food conversion ratio
16-12
Agricultural buildings
16.23 Section through California cage deep pit battery house. Roof insulated with minimum 25 mm rigid polyurethane or equivalent
16.24 Section through cafeteria cage battery house 10 EQUESTRIAN DESIGN 10.01 Horse riding today Facilities for keeping horses are mainly constructed for recreational riding, equestrian sport and breeding purposes. The use of horses for commercial haulage is unusual nowadays, and together with police or military facilities there is likely to be a specific brief.
10.02 Planning elements in private stables Private stables range from a stable for one horse to large complexes to accommodate a thousand horses or more, complete with full health and training facilities. The principal elements remain the same, 16.35, and are based on the physical and psychological requirements of the horses.
16.25 Plan of end of cafeteria cage battery house showing gear
1 Boxes Loose boxes Sick box/boxes (50% larger) Utility box/boxes
• • •
Agricultural buildings 16-13
16.26 Section through pole barn for fattening turkeys. Stocking density 30 kg/m2
16.27 Tower silo for wilted grass with 40–50% dry matter. Wet grass is stored in towers of 6 m diameter under 12 m height
16.28 Plan and section of storage for food grain, showing lateral system for 1200 tonnes storage
16.29 Grain drying and storage: section through a nest of bins (square or rectangular) with roof. A bin 4.575 3.8 5 m holds 60 tonnes of wheat
16-14
Agricultural buildings
16.30 Section through above-ground slurry storage Capacities: 4575 mm diameter – 50 m3 6100 mm diameter – 88 m2 6860 mm diameter – 110 m3
16.31 Section through Dutch barn for bale storage. The capacities of a 4.575 m bay at 6.5 m span and 5.5 m high are: wheat straw – 12 tonnes barely straw – 14 tonnes hay – 27 tonnes
16.32 Section through floor storage for potatoes. 9 30 m of floor space stores 500–550 tonnes. Movable laterals maximum 1.85 m centres. Free area of gable vents 0.5 m2/100 tonnes stored, main duct cross-section 1250 mm2/tonne
Agricultural buildings 16-15
16.33 Section through radial flow bins in a barn for grain drying and storage. The air duct delivers 400 m3/h.t to dry and 100 m3/h.t to store. Air temperature above 0 C, RH 75%
16.34 Onion store
Table V Average production of effluent Production per head per week Mass (kg) Man Cow Cow Calf Pig Pig Pig Pig Poultry Sheep Silage Silage
Adult Dairy Large dairy 3-month Porker Baconer Wet-fed Farrow sow Adult layer Adult ewe 30% dry matter 20% dry matter
75 450 550 100 50 95 95 110 2.25 75 tonne tonne
Output (l)
Volume (m3)
Total solids (kg)
BOD (kg)
BOD population equivalent
10 250 380 200 38 51 100 75 3.75 35 3.20 37.00
0.01 0.25 0.38 0.20 0.04 0.05 0.10 0.08 0.005 0.04 0.001 0.04
0.57 21.20 32.22 19.05 3.00 3.50 3.50 3.60 1.27 3.81 – –
0.41 4.20 6.13 2.54 1.20 1.40 1.40 1.45 0.09 0.70 – –
1.0 10.2 14.8 6.2 2.0 3.4 3.4 3.6 0.13 1.7 – –
16-16
Agricultural buildings
16.37 Measurement of the height of a horse at the withers. Traditionally the height was measured in hands (4 inches), but a hand is equivalent to a decimeter (100 mm) within the limits of accuracy attainable. Table VI gives the heights of a number of breeds of horses and ponies
16.35 Relationships between elements of the plan
16.36 Plan of Porter’s Field Riding School, Leyton
2 Stores Feed Hay Bedding Equipment (wheelbarrows, mowers, etc.)
• • • •
3 Housekeeping Tack room Cleaning room Drying room Staff lavatories/showers Staff rest room Office Vet room
• • • • • • •
4 External facilities Midden Washdown area Trailer parking Staff parking Carriage store
• • • • •
5 Health/exercise Sand roll Lungeing yard
• •
16.38 The led horse. a Front view. b Plan
• Treadmill machine/weigh bridge • Weighing Equine pool •
In many cases, the accommodation will not require these items because of their small-scale activities. A typical plan is shown in 16.36. 10.03 Dimensional criteria Dimensionally standardised criteria may be applied:
The size of the horse, with and without rider, 16.37–16.39, • Tables VI and VII. Stabling and care of the horse, 16.40–16.43. • Tack rooms, 16.44. • Schooling, 16.45 16.46 • The dressage arena,and16.47 • Polo, 16.48 • Transportation, 16.49–16.51 •
Agricultural buildings 16-17
16.39 Dimensions of the horse and rider, see Table VII Table VI Common breeds of horses and ponies, with heights in hands and equivalent metric measure, 16.37 (1 hand ¼ 4 inches, 12.2 hands ¼ 12 hands þ 2 inches) Breed
Height in hands
Height in mm
Breed
Height in hands
Height in mm
Horses Cleveland bay Clydesdale Morgan Percheron Shire Suffolk Tennessee Walker Thoroughbred
16 16 14–15 16–16.3 17 16 15.2 16
1625 1625 1420–1525 1625–1700 1725 1625 1575 1625
Ponies Connemara Dartmoor Exmoor Fell Highland New Forest Shetland Welsh
14.2 12 12.2 13.1 12.2–14.2 14.2 39–42 inches 12
1475 1220 1270 1345 1270–1475 1475 990–1065 1220
Shetland ponies are always described in inches.
Table VII Typical dimensions of horse or pony and rider, 16.39 Dimension A B C D E F
Thoroughbred
New Forest pony
Welsh pony
1600 550 900 1620 2450 1625
1450 500 815 1470 2225 1475
1200 415 675 1215 1840 1220
Assuming that the rider is in proportion to the horse or pony
10.4 Stabling and environmental conditions The principal requirements can be identified as follows: 1 2 3 4
Dryness and warmth Adequate ventilation without draughts Adequate supply of water and good drainage Good daylight and good artificial light.
Size Unless a particularly small breed is kept the standard dimensions should be adhered to. Noise Sudden noise may startle horses and disrupt sleep during the night, therefore relationship to public roads or urban developments requires careful consideration. 10.05 Detailed stabling design Floor The floor should be impervious to moisture, hard wearing, nonslip, easily cleaned and protect the horse from any ground moisture. Selection of floor finish can vary from dense concrete, granolithic concrete or engineering brick-laid herringbone pattern to proprietary rubber mats and seamless rubber flooring.
Siting On well-drained ground. Avoid the tops of hills and hollows. Protected from severe prevailing winds. Avoid sites hemmed in without free circulation of air.
Walls The walls should be smooth for cleanliness and, wherever possible, free from projections. It is preferable that masonry walls are protected up to at least 120 mm by stout timber or plywood panelling on battens. Masonry should be painted white or a light shade to encourage cleanliness. Horses are gregarious animals and therefore it is normal for the partitions to be solid up to 1200–1500 mm and have a metal grille up to 2100 mm above floor level.
Temperature The stable should moderate extremes of exterior conditions. Therefore a degree of air circulation is helpful and adequate ventilation essential. However, care should be taken to avoid draughts.
Ceilings The ceiling should not be less than 3050 mm high and care should be exercised in the choice of materials to avoid the build-up of condensation.
• • • •
16-18
Agricultural buildings
a
b
c
d
16.40 Arrangements of stables. a Stalls on one side. b Loose boxes on one side. c Stalls on both sides. d Loose boxes on both sides: doors should not be directly opposite one another
16.42 Height of the manger 16.41 The stable door. It is essential for the horse’s mental wellbeing for it to see out – horses are inclined to be very inquisitive! H is the height at the withers (see 16.37). a Front view. b Section
a Section
b Plan
16.43 Veterinary box ‘Stallapotheke’
Agricultural buildings 16-19
16.45 Rails for the outside school
a
b
c
16.46 Indoor school: batter to walls and arrangement of mirror tilted to give self-vision
d
16.44 Tack rooms. a Saddles and bridles together, side view. b Saddles and bridles, front view. c Saddles only. d Bridles only, when kept separate
16.47 Dressage arena
16-20
Agricultural buildings
Drainage The floor should be laid to a fall of between 1:80 and 1:60 to a gulley outside the stall or loose box. Channels may be formed to enhance drainage. Good housekeeping is the key to drainage and all gullies should be equipped with a removable perforated bucket to collect bedding and feed that may wash down the gulley. Midden The midden must be arranged so that effluent does not run away into groundwater. There should be a gulley and an adjacent water supply to enable regular periodic cleaning. For hygiene reasons, it should be sited away from the stables. 16.48 Polo
11 BUILDING LEGISLATION Town and Country Planning Act 1990 General Development Order 1988 amended and extended 1991.
•
Many farm buildings and developments are no longer classed as permitted development under planning law. Details of all schemes have to be sent to the local planning authority together with a fee. The authority will rule in each case whether further information needs to be submitted for formal planning approval before work can commence. Particular developments normally requiring formal planning approval include:
a
b
16.49 Ramp for loading horses into horse-boxes or trailers. a Section. b Plan
for non-agricultural purposes • Buildings Dwelling houses • Conversions of farm buildings to commercial or industrial or • residential use not designed for agriculture, e.g. containers, lorry • Buildings bodies, etc. exceeding 465 m – in any 2-year period within • 90Buildings m – includes yards and slurry lagoons 12 m and over in height • Buildings Buildings 3 m and over in height within 3 km of an airfield • Buildings within 25 m from the metalled part of a classified road • Livestock buildings within 400 m of a ‘protected building’ • Caravan sites for which • Holiday cottages special rules apply • Recreational pursuits of a recurring nature, e.g. adventure • games, canoeing, hang-gliding, windsurfing, water skiing, 2
16.50 Large trailer
16.51 Small trailer
Fire resistance In large installations, the fire resistance of the structure and the location of fire separation barriers should be carefully considered bearing in mind the difficulty of evacuating frightened horses and the often rural location. Doors and windows Doors to loose boxes should be positioned to one side of the box to allow the horse to keep clear of the draught when the upper half is left open. Doors to two adjoining boxes should not be placed next to each other. The door should open back to 180 and any exposed edges be protected with a galvanised steel capping to avoid ‘crib biting’. There should be no sharp arisses and a minimum clear width of 1200 mm. Windows should, where possible, be fitted at high level. Any low-level windows should have Georgian wired glass and a steel protective grille. Fittings Usually, these will consist of a manger, drinking water receptacle and two tie rings. The exact position of these items will depend to some extent on the management of the stables, and to whether automatic replenishment is incorporated. Tie rings are generally fixed between 1525 and 1800 mm in order to avoid a horse dropping a leg over the tie. Services An exterior quality plug socket will be required (one per six stalls maximum) for portable equipment. This should be sited outside the stall. Artificial lighting should provide illumination to both sides of the horse switched from outside the stalls.
•
need consent if exceeding 28 days per year Farm shops: permission is needed for shops if produce is not derived from the farm involved and for new buildings to be used as shops. Particular care is required over access, parking and advertising signs.
The Building Regulations 2000 Many agricultural building are exempt from the Building Regulations 2000 – but not all. The following extract from the Regulations details the buildings that are exempt – all others are subject to Building Control and details must be submitted to the Local Authority before work commences. Schedule 3 – Exempt Buildings and Works Regulation 9 – Greenhouses and Agricultural Buildings 1. A building used as a greenhouse unless the main purpose is for retail packing or exhibiting. 2. a. A building used for agriculture which is: i. Sited at a distance not less than one and a half times its own height from any building containing sleeping accommodation, and ii. Provided with an exit which may be used in the case of fire which is not more than 30 m from any point within the building (unless the main purpose for which the building is used is for retailing, packing and exhibiting).
Agricultural buildings 16-21
b. In this paragraph, ‘agriculture’ includes horticulture, fruit growing, seed growing, dairy farming, fish farming and the breeding and keeping of livestock (including any creature kept for the production of food, wool, skins or fur or for the purpose of farming the land). Other relevant legislation The Environmental Assessment Regulations, 1988 Health and Safety at Work Act, etc., 1974 Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations, 1988 (COSHH) Electricity at Work Regulation, 1989 The Noise at Work Regulations, 1989 The Food Safety Act, 1990 The Food Hygiene (HQ) Regulation, 1990 Code of Practice for the Control of Salmonella The Environmental Protection Act, 1990 The Code of Good Agricultural Practice for the Protection of Air Control of Pollution Act 1974 – Water Act 1989 The Control of Pollution (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil) Regulations, 1991 The Code of Good Agricultural Practice for the Protection of Water July, 1991 The Welfare of Livestock Regulations The Building Standards (Scotland) Regulations, 1988 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY BS 5502 Code of practice for the design of buildings and structures for agriculture. Published in separate parts as follows: Part 0: 1992 Introduction Part 11: 2005 Guide to regulations and sources of information Part 20: 1990 Code of practice for general design considerations Part 21: 1990 Code of practice for the selection and use of construction materials Part 22: 2003 Code of practice for design, construction and loading Part 23: 2004 Code of practice for fire precautions Part 25: 1991 Code of practice for design and installation of services and facilities
Part 30: 1992 Code of practice for control of infestation Part 32: 1990 Guide to noise attenuation Part 33: 1991 Guide to the control of odour pollution Part 40: 2005 Code of practice for the design and construction of cattle buildings Part 41: 1990 Code of practice for design and construction of sheep buildings and pens Part 42: 1990 Code of practice for design and construction of pig buildings Part 43: 1990 Code of practice for design and construction of poultry buildings Part 49: 1990 Code of practice for design and construction of milking premises Part 50: 1993 Code of practice for design, construction and use of storage tanks and reception pits for livestock slurry Part 51: 1991 Code of practice for design and construction of slatted, perforated and mesh floors for livestock Part 52: 1991 Code of practice for design of alarm systems and emergency ventilation for livestock housing Part 60: 1992 Code of practice for design and construction of buildings for mushrooms Part 65: 1992 Code of practice for design and construction of crop processing buildings Part 66: 1992 Code of practice for design and construction of chitting houses Part 70: 1991 Code of practice for design and construction of ventilated on floor stores for combinable crops Part 71: 1992 Code of practice for design and construction of ventilated stores for potatoes and onions Part 72: 1992 Code of practice for design and construction of controlled environment stores for vegetables, fruit and flowers Part 74: 1991 Code of practice for design and construction of bins and silos for combinable crops Part 75: 1993 Code of practice for the design and construction of forage stores Part 80: 1990 Code of practice for design and construction of workshops, maintenance and inspection facilities Part 81: 1989 Code of practice for design and construction of chemical stores Part 82: 1997 Code of practice for design of amenity buildings