Architecture for conflicted site
Architecture Design Thesis
Markazu Tajdeed e Samaj Rebuilding Kashmiriyat in Baramulla
Submitted by: Dixita Pariaker
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to thank parents, Mr Hitendrabhai Pariaker, Mrs. Kokila Pariaker and my brother, Mayank Pariaker , for their support and care and all that they have given me and made me what I am today. And also to help me with work and keeping up late nights. I deeply thank Prof. Vishal Shah for being my Thesis guide and supporting me throughout and also for providing liberty to work as I desired. I would also like to extend my thanks to Prof. Persi Engineer, Principal; Prof Mahesh Nagecha, Head of Department; Prof. Mehul Patel and Hardik Gandhi, Thesis Coordinator and the faculties at the Faculty of Architecture, SCET, without whom this thesis wouldn’t ever have been possible. I also want to thank Prof Niraj Naik for overall development which formed base for the work. I also wish to acknowledge Ar. Kalhan Mattoo for his valuable guidance. I would like to thank people who gave me valuable input to understand the conflicted site of Baramulla, Kashmir and feasibility of my project, to mention a few; Fayaz Ahmed, Chief Town Planner, based in Srinagar Iftikhar Hakeem, Architect, based in Srinagar Bharat Bhushan , Architect, Based in Jammu Saima Iqbal, INTACH JNK chapter Irshad Majid , INTACH JNK chapter Shafat Farooq, Journalist, based in Srinagar Ganaiya Taiyaba, Aspiring photographer, based in Baramulla Raja Nouman, Journalist, based in Baramulla Muxamil Lone, Student of History, based in Baramulla I also want to thank Marcin Ginszt for his immense support and motivation throughout.
I would also like to thank my friends Shailja Choksi, Dipali Rana, Krishna Kapadia, Kavita Revar, Heta Patel, Sunny Patel, Rehan Mansuri, Sanjay Rathod, Dimple Jariwala, Yash Mehta, Darshika Avaiya, Aditi Desai, Shruti Modi and Shriya Agrawal I also wish to thanks the managing people at Manav Sadhna Community Centre, Ahmedabad and Manav Gulzar Community Centre, Ahmedabad.
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
ABSTRACT The conflict zone are the areas with fragile peace and high tension. People living in these area, constantly live under fear of losing their lives. Government even fails to provide facilities, the people are deserving. Thereby, moving towards poor economic condition and living a miserable life. The ignorance by government and constant fear of losing lives and shelter might lead them to become rebellious. This might add to internal threat to the nation and above that to citizens living in those area. All Architecture is Social. Architecture has been establishing itself as a discipline and profession in the context of a structural relationship with society, since Vitruvius. Le Corbusier believed that architecture and urban actions on physical environment would become the foundations of the social revolution. The field of Social Emergency, both natural catastrophes and military conflict, requires specific architectural responses. The architect’s know-how and architectural instruments can play an important role. The success of ‘Architecture for humanity’ demonstrates that architecture can have an active role in most extreme social situations.
Thus architecture can play its part to increase social harmony in the area and thereby improving quality of life in conflicted territories.
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
CONTENT 1. Synopsis 2. Site study 3. Program formulation 4. Case studies 5. Site Analysis 6. Study of Local Culture 7. Conceptual Stands 8. Design Development 9. Conclusion 10. Bibliography
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6 10 11 14 16 20 23 25 33 34
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
1. SYNOPSIS 1.1
Aim: This research aims to understand and thereby uplift the living condition of people living in Conflict Zone of Kashmir
Objective: •Studying living condition of people living in the conflict zone •Studying problems faced by them •Propose an intervention which can help them, uplift their living condition
Scope of Work: This study aims at developing the broader prospect of the existing living condition in Conflict Zones. It can encourage an imaginative, confident design response derived from context.
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
1.2 INTRODUCTION Can Architecture cause change in conflict?
“Peace comes from being able to contribute the best that we have, and all that we are toward creating a world that supports everyone. But it is also securing the space for others to contribute the best that they have and all that they are� -Hafsat Abiola
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Conflict Zone Analysis of India
INDIA: Chronic Conflict Map 2015 Source: IDMC website
Comparison of fatalities to area of the region
Source: South Asia Terrorism Portal
Detail comparison of fatalities
Source: South Asia Terrorism Portal
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Kashmir Conflict Accede to one or the India or Pakistan Maharaja Hari Singh, then ruler of Kashmir, requested for some time to take the decision
Kashmir Conflict is the war of one nation fighting over the territory, claiming it to be its integral part with majority of Muslim population while other, fighting over to proves it secularism, by having a Muslim majority state under its domain. While people of the area, demanding freedom from occupation of both the nations. The conflict is set against the backdrop of the Himalayan mountains and valleys and involves a patchwork of languages, religions and ethnicities.
The accession should be ratified by “a reference to the people.� Indian Military was sent to expel Pakistani Pathans
Plebiscite was never held, as proof of Indian perfidy
Maharaja asked for help from India.
The first condition specified by the United Nations for holding the plebiscite was not fulfilled
Securing the accession of Jammu and Kashmir to India, since military intervention prior to accession would in legal terms, be an Indian invasion of a neutral territory.
Ceasefire line came into existence
In Kashmir, young boys have very few means of entertainment. Some pelters are paid while some do it for fun. Thus, venting their frustration of leading an abnormal life in a violent place. Women who were active supporter in Azadi movement failed to secure acknowledgment in long term. Supporting militants for monetary gain is easier option for people living in Kashmir.
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
2. SITE STUDY
District
Kupwara
Baramulla
Bandipora
Badgam
Srinagar
Anantnag
Distance of HQ from LOC (in km)
80
60
120
115
150
175
Urban Population (%)
12.03
18.1
16.66
12.99
98.60
26.23
People Affected by Mental Health
42
51
42
54
28
37
Main issues identified:−
District is Facing dual issues, of Internal Conflict of Independence and Cross Border tension.
−
Closure of cinema halls, video libraries and beauty parlours in militancy infested area, due to extremist ideology has led to absence of any kind of leisure centre. Major population of Valley, mostly women are mentally paralyzed. They suffer depression and need treatment. Cities are not expanding, as people want to stay close to each other. During emergency situation, the people from periphery of the city, move to core of the city. Thus increasing the burden on existing infrastructure.
− −
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
3. PROGRAM
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
4. CASESTUDIES
Architecture in conflict zone
Community architecture
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Modularity in Architecture
Modularity in Architecture
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
5. SITE ANALYSIS
The history of Baramulla is as old as the Kashmir Valley itself. The city of Baramulla got its name because the waters of ‘Sati-Saras’ Lake were drained off by volcanic eruption at 12 places in close vicinity of Baramulla, hence named ‘Baramulla’ meaning twelve bores. It rightly held the position of ‘GATEWAY’ for the Valley and was founded by Raja Bhimsina in 2306 BC. The access to Valley from pre-partitioned India and Central Asia was through Baramulla. The city of Hashikpora (present Ushkara village) which lies in the close vicinity of Baramulla was founded by King Hashka and was the Headquarter of Buddhist Monks. Kanishka founded the city of Kanispora (presently Kansipora village) near Baramulla town. The partition of India followed by the partition of Kashmir resulted into an abrupt end to the importance of Baramulla; hence the development process came to standstill. Baramulla city which had developed only second to Srinagar lost its character as a transit city between Valley and un-partitioned India and what remained was only the administrative nature of the town in the Baramulla District.
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Temperature Graph Source : climatedata.org
Baramulla's climate is classified as warm and temperate. The rainfall in Baramulla is significant, with precipitation even during the driest month. Highest avg temp: 24.0 °C in July Lowest avg temp: 3.1 °C in January Most precipitation: 143 mm March Least precipitation: 27 mm in November
Seismic Zone IV Source : Wikipedia
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Landuse
Built Open
Roads
Access
Site Condition Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Neighbourhood
Sun Shading Study
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
6. STUDY OF LOCAL CULTURE
Ground Floor Plan
Second Floor Plan
Ground Floor Plan
Second Floor Plan
The landscape and topography of the Kashmir valley has resulted in settlement and house forms that are of an isolated kind. A particular way of life and building develops from this isolation and maximizes the use of local resources. The house form in terms of available local materials and the distribution of these materials through developed construction techniques into a structural system that is flexible and has the potential for seismic resistance are ‘TAK’ and the ‘DAJJI DEWAR’.
Material and Texture Pallet
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Public Architecture of Valley Amarsingh College Built in: 1913 Location: Srinagar Construction System: Taq System Materials: Stone, Brick, Timber
Gathering Spaces
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Art and Culture of Kashmir Valley Art forms
Lifestyle knitted with various arts
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
7. CONCEPTUAL STANDS Kashmiriyat
Different religions co-existing in peace and harmony due to constant interaction
Building at higher plinth to emphasize its significance
Typical religious institution layout
Reversing the negative positive
Cultural complex converted into shelter during emergency situation like shrine which is important religious and interaction place
Bagh
Water channel and plantation guiding the pathways
Dynamics of landscape incorporated into the buildings Deciduous trees on south side, to get shade in summer, while let in heat in winter Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Climate and Other Concerns
Mardana Zanana separation to provide free environment to women to develop
South facing glazing and facades helps in cold climate
Berming helps in isolation from harsh climate Thermal mass of floor help retain heat
Module Derivation
Traditional Building Technique
Derived Typology
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
8. DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Large rectangular module with wooden support
Square modules with peripheral support only
Stage 1
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Stage 2
Final Stage
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Plan at 0.00 m LVL
013 7
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Plan at -3.00 m LVL
Plan at -3.00 m LVL
Plan at +1.80 m LVL
Plan at -5.00 m LVL
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Section AA’
Section BB’
Section CC’
01 3
7
013
7
7 Section DD’
Section EE’
01 3 Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Overview
Entrance
Internal court of learning centre
Internal circulation Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
9. CONCLUSION The issue I presented is much complex hence architecture alone cannot uplift conflicted sites. But this study was to form an understanding that architecture can also become a small initiative to look on conflicted sites which can thereby bring people together for their development. Understanding people’s need and reflecting their aspirations and past can help creating a better memory for people which can people for self development. Thus forming a neutral space for positive growth of the site.
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016
10. BIBLIOGRAPHY
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x. xi. xii. xiii. xiv.
Luis Santiago Baptista Joaquim Moreno, Fredy Massed e Alicia Guerrero Yeste Social Architecture Three critical perspectives [Book]. - Lisbon : Cortesia do artista, 2010. - Vol. 1. ACRONYM Peaceful Societies: An essential element of sustainability [Journal]. - New York : World Federation of United Nations Associations, 2014. - 1 : Vol. 3. Brigitte Piquard Mark Swenarton Learning from architecture and conflict [Journal]. - London : The Journal of Architecture, 2011. - 11 : Vol. 16. Kashmir: Conflict profile. (n.d.). Retrieved October 20, 2016, from Insight on Conflict: https://www.insightonconflict.org/conflicts/kashmir/conflict-profile/ Rahman, T. D. (n.d.). Makers of Memory: Women in Occupied Palestine and Kashmir. Retrieved october 26, 2016, from Jaggery: http://jaggerylit.com/makers-of-memory-women-in-occupied-palestine-and-kashmir/ Bose, S. (2003). KASHMIR- Roots of Conflict, Paths to peace. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. Shekhawat, S. (2014). Gender, Conflict and Peace in Kashmir; Invisible Stakeholders. Delhi: Cambridge University Press. Keenan, B. (1989). Travels in Kashmir. New Delhi: Hachette India. Samaddhar, R. (2004). Peace Studies- An Introduction to the concept, scope and themes. New Delhi: Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd. http://www.archiprix.org/2017/index.php?project=3688 http://bamiyanculturalcentre.org/ http://www.archdaily.com/151566/ad-classics-amsterdam-orphanage-aldo-van-eyck http://www.archdaily.com/797779/half-a-house-builds-a-whole-community-elementals-controversialsocial-housing http://www.akdn.org/architecture/project/friendship-centre
Architectural Design Thesis - 2016