2014 Cal Poly Architecture Thesis book by Derek McFarland

DEREK MCFARLAND JONATHAN REICH STUDIO THESIS 2013-2014

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NOTE FROM DESIGNER As a student, I am constantly questioning the idea that there is more to this world than just designing for the 1% in the western world. How can my architectural talents be used to further humanity and change the world. After four years of intense architectural practice and theory resulting in nothing physical to show for, I desire my thesis year to be spent towards something great. I am proud to say, that alongside Journeyman International, I will be serving as the Architectural Designer for the African Research and Exchange Academy (AREA) project in rural Kumbo, Cameroon. This project marks the first time that I will be able to utilize my skills and talents for the making of a better world. I am extremely exciting for this amazing opportunity and I believe it will become a turning point in my architectural path. The book you are holding represents my initial research for AREA and I am looking forward to presenting the final design soon. In the coming months, our team will be hard at work to bring this project to life at full scale. Please stay in touch. Sincerely, Derek McFarland

FOR WA R D

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SUMMARY TEAM RESEARCH

PRECEDENT DESIGN CONSTRUCT APPENDIX

Executive Summary

Project Teams

Project Research Africa in Miniature People of Cameroon About Cameroon Economics of Cameroon About Kumbo, Cameroon Culture of Kumbo Climate Volcanic Line Vernacular Architecture Water in Kumbo Electricity/Waste in Kumbo

16 18 20 22 26 30 36 42 44 46 48 54

Project Precedents

Project Design AREA Site Context Site Analysis Program Preliminary Design Conceptual Design Final Design

70 72 76 82 84 90 92 100

Typical Wall Construction Project Cost Estimation Construction TImeline

130 132 136

Cameroon Trip Cameroon Photos Vellum Furniture Physical Models Abstract Show Section Show Final Studio Show Fall Final Posters Blind Review Posters Va no Va Posters Chumash Posters

146 154 156 160 162 164 166 168 170 172 174

FOR WA R D

• JOURNEYMAN INTERNATIONAL - Design and Project Management - Daniel Wiens, Steph Fellows, Andrew Goodwin • AFRICAN RESEARCH & EXCHANGE ACADEMY - Non-profit and social venture based in Boulder, Colorado

- Dr. Ajume Wingo, Eric Wirba

• LOCATION: Kumbo, North West, Cameroon • POPULATION: 20,549,221 • SLOGAN: Africa in Miniature • CLIMATE: Dry Season (Mar -Oct) Wet Season (Nov-Feb) • REGIONS: 10 Regions, 58 Departments, 315 Communes • CURRENCY: Central African Franc • RELIGION: Mostly Catholic Christian • LANGUAGE: English and French

• LOCATION: Operations - Boulder, Colorado Campus - Kumbo, Cameroon • GOALS

Water: collection, distribution, and treatment Energy: affordable, reliable, and renewable Agriculture: sustainable, efficient Health: nutrition, food, water, sanitation Social Enterprise: to improve well-being

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• LOCATION: 6 Miles North-East of Kumbo, Cameroon • SIZE: 366 Acres • LANDSCAPE: High Mountains, rocky/volcanic, grazing lands • CLIMATE: Strong east winter winds, 60 inches per year of rain • EXISTING: Neighboring personal houses and gardens

• DESIGN: African Vernacular and Volcanic Influence • SQUARE FOOTAGE: 111,900 SF • PROGRAM: Conferences, Research labs, Recreation, Housing, Amenities, etc • WATER: Water collection, treatment, and storage facilities • ENERGY: Solar power and Bio-Mass facilities • AGRICULTURE: Livestock, Crops, Bee’s facilities • MATERIALS: Concrete, Local Stone, Rammed Earth, Light Steel, Green Roofs

• TOTAL PROJECT COST: $39, 979, 400 • PHASE ONE TIMELINE: begin: 01/2015, complete phase one: 01/2019 • PHASE TWO TIMELINE: complete phase two: 01/2020

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PROJECT TEAMS JI

AREA

JOURNEYMAN INTERNATIONAL

The Journeyman International vision was launched with the intent of filling the expertise void between international NGO’s and the new facilities they construct. While developing a dental clinic in Belize as a senior project, a group of architecture and environmental design students from Cal Poly University began recognizing the potential to fill this need with a construction focused non-profit endeavor. Since filing for incorporation in 2009, Journeyman International has designed an orphanage in Mexico, a development center in Zambia, a dental clinic in Belize, and many many more. These projects were a catalyst and we are just getting started. OBJECTIVES

Partner with reputable NGO’s and design construct humanitarian facilities.

Relieve the construction burden of partnered NGO’s, allowing them to focus on their mission.

Introduce economically feasible “Green” construction fundamentals in the developing world.

BUSINESS MODEL

In close partnership with several universities, the Journeyman business model relies heavily on the talent and labors of architecture, engineering, and project management students. By capitalizing on student thesis senior projects, and accredited internships from California’s best technical schools, the Journeyman business model thrives. These circumstances result in a higher quality of effort, research and passion than we find in the professional industry. All student projects are then review by licensed and professional tradesman.

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Daniel Wiens - President

SERVICES

In specifics, Journeyman provides the following services:

Steph Fellows - Operations

Feasibility study - The Journeyman team assesses if the project can be constructed at the specified location, overcoming all logistical concerns within the projected budget.

Costs data analysis - Journeyman teamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s travel to the project location to procure material, labor and equipment price data. This step is crucial for developing an accurate estimate in a developing nation.

Conceptual Project Estimate - Prior to any official construction documents, J.I. assesses the project details to formulate a line item projection of the project costs.

Research - A Journeyman team will spend hundreds of hours researching the site, region, feasibility of project goals, and cultural considerations required for

Andrew Goodwin - RED Studio

project success.

Schematic Design - Journeyman designers will develop schematic design concepts for the owner and officials to review.

Final Design - Journeyman designers will create construction ready plans and specifications.

Serhino Espinosa - RED Studio

Derek McFarland - Designer

Construction analysis - The Journeyman project management team will develop the project schedule, budget, contracts, site logistics maps, safety plan, storm water pollution prevention plan, and evacuation plan.

Project Management - Journeyman will send a full time project manager to the field.

Grant Proposal - The Journeyman team will develop an extensive grant proposal for the project.

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PROJECT TEAMS JI

AREA

AFRICAN RESEARCH & EXCHANGE ACADEMY

African Research & Exchange Academy (AREA) engages innovators in the making of a better world. They promote audacity in individuals to rise and face challenges. To that end, they bring together talented people with the resolve to initiate, develop, and realize tangible solutions for a brighter tomorrow. They offer residencies to regional and international scholars, leaders, artists, writers, and thinkers. They also provide educational and cultural opportunities to local and international high school students. AREA consists of two entities: a social enterprise and a non-profit artists residency. Both are based in Boulder, Colorado with operations at the central campus in Kumbo, Cameroon. AREA partners with individuals, organizations, and businesses from around the world to fill the voids left by unsuccessful approaches that unduly fragment human problems into pieces making them difficult, if not impossible, to resolve. AREA fosters and promotes innovative solution to human problems. AREA offers state-of-the-art facilities in Kumbo, Cameroon to its partners and clients that are designed to meet their diverse needs. AREA facilities include residences, office spaces, conference halls, and classrooms for workshops and instruction. AREA partners with individuals, organizations, and businesses that share a common vision of economically and ecologically sustainable development. AREA MAJOR PILLARS

Student exchange

Agriculture: sustainable and efficient agricultural practices

Water: collection, distribution and treatment of water

Health: nutrition, food, water, sanitation, and health education

Energy: affordable, reliable, and renewable energy resources

Innovative solutions

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Dr. Ajume Wingo Founder/President

Eric Wirba Assistant Director

Ajume Wingo born in Nso in the North West Province of Cameroon. He attended Cameroon College of Arts, Science and Technology (CCAST) Bambili where he studied History, Economics and Geography. He also attended the University of Yaounde, Cameroon where he studied law at the Faculty of Law and Economics. He obtained his BA from the University of California Berkeley and an MA (1995) and PhD (1997) from the University of Wisconsin Madison. He is currently an Associate Professor of Philosophy and the Director of the Center for Values and Social Policy at the University of Colorado at Boulder and an Associate of the W.E.B. Du Bois Institute at Harvard. Eric Wirba, Assistant Director of AREA, is a principal in the development and operations of AREA Cameroon. Eric, who grew up in the Kumbo region with his brother Ajume, has worked in the past on international humanitarianism, serving as operations director of the Himalayan Institute, Cameroon. He was critical in getting the institute Cameroon operations up and running. Eric has also specialized as a consultant in food and health matters. Eric is deeply satisfied to be a part of a multicultural team, where people from different races and cultures gather together to benefit each other, their communities, and our collective knowledge.

Ajay Kumar Paplu Operations Manager

Ajay Kumar Paplu is the Operations Manager for AREA. He is also responsible for business and sustenance operations at the Cameroon site. Ajay, an attorney by trade, hails from Jharkhand, a state in Indiaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Eastern region.

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AFRICA IN MINIATURE

183,569

10 58 315 5

REGIONS DEPARTMENTS COMMUNES CLIMATE REGIONS E Q U AT O R

RELIGION DEMOGRAPHICS

C TI

OTH

ER AFRICAN

C A

TUL

ANI

N AT I O N A L F L A G

HLANDE N HIG RS

Cameroon has been know as “Africa in Miniature“ because of its highly diverse culture and geography. Cameroon is slightly larger than the state of California and contains roughly half the population at 20 and a half million people. Cameroon is bordered by 6 countries and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The country is broken up into 10 regions and inside each of these regions are divisions and communes. There are 315 communes in total. Cameroon has a very diverse landscape because it holds five different climate regions. The forests, mountains, tropics, savannahs, and the Sahel. It is also know for its extremely biodiverse plant and animal life.

AREA sq mi

HNI

C G RO

STAR OF UNITY

UATO R I A L B A N

YELLOW FOR SUN AND SAVANNAHS RED FOR UNITY GR E E N F O R F O R E S TS

M ANDARA K I NGD O M

FIRST BAN TU TRIBES SETTLE IN LA ND

FO UM B AN KI NGD O M

GERMANS CO LO NI ZE KUMB O ES TABL I S HE D ALLIES D RO VE O UT GE R M ANS

H I S TO RY

200 BC 18

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1300s

1500s

1884

1913 1916

NIGER CHAD

E Q U ATO R NIGERIA C. A. R.

CAMEROON

B R I T I S H AN D F R E NCH O C C U PY LA ND

CONGO

CA M E ROON F EDERATI ON UNITED R EPUBL I C OF CA M EROO N NIGERIA AND CA M E RO O N C L AS H O VE R O I L

FREN CH IN DEPENDEN CE

1919

1959

1961

1972

1986

1994-1996 P ROJ E CT DATA

PEOPLE

POPULATION

The population total in Cameroon was 20,549,221 in 2012. The average lifespan is 53.7 years with 40.5% under the age of 15, 56.2% between the age of 15-60, and only 700,000 people over the age of 60. Cameroon’s population is evenly divided between urban and rural dwellers with its highest density in urban settings such as Douala, Yaoundé, and Garoua. Over 250 ethnic groups live in Cameroon’s 10 provinces. Across the different regions, communities have an allegiance to local chiefs, know as Fondoms, as well as being ruled by central government In the northern regions, the Fulani are the dominate culture where women take care of the house while the men herd cattle or work as farmers. In the western highlands, groups include the Bamoun and the Bamiléké who are particularly known for their farming skills and their spirit-focused traditional religion. Across the southern regions, the first settlers were the ‘pygmies’, who to this day retain their traditional nomadic lifestyle in the rainforests of the south. Here the women grow the family’s food and the men provide meat and maintain crops.

20,549,221 C L I M AT E Z O N E S

SAHEL SAVANNAH

TROPICAL HUMID MOUNTAIN AND HIGHFIELD

FOREST

MT. CAMEROON 13,435 ft

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P O P U L AT I O N A G E S 3.3%

OVER 60

2.0%

13.3%

20.6%

56.2%

48.1%

66.6% 15-60

66.1%

FAR NORTH 49.9%

40.5%

UNDER 15

13.3% U.S.A.

20.1%

GERMANY

CAMEROON

UGANDA

GAROUA NORTH

ADAMAWA NORTHWEST KUMBO SOUTH WEST

WEST

CENTRE LITTORAL EAST

DUALA YA O U N D E

SOUTH

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ABOUT GEOGRAPHY

TOURISM

Cameroon is the 53rd largest country in the world and is slightly larger than the U.S. state of California with a total area of 183,569 square miles. The diverse country contains five completely different climatic zones. In western Cameroon is an irregular chain of mountains, hills, and plateaus that extend from Mt. Cameroon almost to Lake Chad at the northern tip of the country. This region includes the Bamenda, Bamiléké, and Mambilla highlands. It also contains some of the country’s most fertile soils, notably around volcanic Mt. Cameroon This mountain region is volcanic with a rural countryside of large rock plugs. The dense forests of the south and northwest contain numerous plant and wildlife species none more critically endangered than the cross river gorilla of the northwestern region. The tropical humid climate in the central regions has a very long wet season with heavy rainfall while the savannah and the Sahel are incredibly hot and dry. The semi-arid climate is home to numerous grazing wildlife including Lions, Cheetahs, Rhinoceros, and Gazelle.

In the recent years, tourism in Cameroon has been growing as the government has encouraged investment from airlines, hotels, and travel agencies. The government promotes Cameroon as “Africa in Miniature“, where one can see numerous diverse cultures, landscapes, and wildlife. Impediments to further growth of the tourism sector include poor transport infrastructure and corrupt officials who may harass visitors for bribes. Popular vacation sites for visitors in Kribi and Limbe.

192 AMPHIBIANS

409 MAMMALS

936 BIRDS

322 REPTILES 8260 PLANTS

Cameroon Landscape

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ABOUT SPORTS + RECREATION Cameroonians take pride in victories at international competitions, making sport an important source of national unity. Traditional sports in Cameroon include canoe racing, swimming, tug of war, and wrestling. The most popular sport is football, or as the United States call it, soccer. The Cameroon national football team, nicknamed “The Indomitable Lions” has gained world recognition since their strong showing in the 1990 FIFA World Cup. They have qualified six times for the FIFA World Cup and won the gold medal in the 2000 summer Olympics. The Cameroon National team has recently qualified for 2014 World Cup in Brazil where they hope to bring home prize.

LANGUAGE Cameroon has 286 listed different African languages. The official languages are both English and French due to Cameroons colonization history. The country strives towards bilingualism and has establish many bilingual schools to further this effort. Lamnso is primary language of Nso people in the northwestern region. Lamnso is a language to reckon with around Kumbo because it is a native language which has been used for several generations by the indigenes of the Nso tribe and has stood the test of time. Furthermore, Lamnso has gained more grounds in recent years on account of its introduction as a study language in some local organizations and institutions.

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Samuel Eto’o of the Cameroon National Team, The Indomitable Lions

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ECONOMICS In the 25 years after Cameroons Independence, it was one of the most prosperous countries in Africa. The combination of an overvalued currency, government mismanagement, and the drop in prices for its principal exports of petroleum, cocoa, coffee, and cotton led to a decade-long recession. Cameroon’s economy is highly dependent on commodity exports, and swings in world prices strongly affect its growth However, Cameroon is endowed with an abundance of natural resources, including in the agricultural, mining, forestry, and oil and gas sectors. Less than 5 percent of Cameroonians have access to a bank account. Inflation remains low in Cameroon, as many basic commodities, including fuel and food items, are either subsidized or subject to government price controls. France and China are Cameroon’s main trading partners, but the United States is a leading investor in Cameroon.

EXPORTS + INDUSTRIES Cameroon’s primary export is crude oil and you would think that this abundance would result in a wealthy country., however it does not. Lumber, Cocoa, Bananas, Rubber, and Cotton are also Cameroon’s main exported items. In 2011 the country sold 5.36 billion US dollars worth of goods. The countries main industries include petroleum production and refining, aluminium production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, and ship repair.

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CROPS BANANAS RUBBER

COTTON

COFFEE

EXPORTS

CROPS

= 20,000,000 US dollars LUMBER

METAL OIL

CHICKEN

LIVESTOCK FISH

PIGS

CATTLE

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ECONOMICS POVERTY vs WEALTH Like many countries in Africa, Cameroon boasts considerable natural resources. The country is located in the lush jungle area of the continent, just under the Sahara Desert. This area is known for its incredibly rich soil, and is a land teeming with potential. However, like much of Africa, Cameroon is continuing to struggle with its economic situation. While the rest of the world is seeing its poverty rate drop every year, most of Africa sees small to little change. The poverty epidemic continues to hold an iron grip around the country, and issues such as extreme starvation, lack of suitable water supplies, a lack of education and disease continue to hold down Cameroon. It is estimated that nearly 40% of Cameroons population is under the poverty line and live off of at most one dollar per day. The majority of the poverish community live in rural areas. The key factors identified as the causes of poverty are: household size, education level, socioeconomic grouping and access to productive assets. Poor rural people believe that better living conditions would come from job creation, better communications and transportation, improved access to education and information, stable prices for staple foods and better health care, water and credit. Under its long-term development vision – Vision 2035 – Cameroon has set itself the objective of becoming an emerging, industrialized and democratic country by 2035. This vision is set within the framework of four overall goals: 1- Reduce poverty to a socially acceptable level; 2- Make the transition to a middleincome country; 3 - Achieve newly industrialized country status; 4 Strengthen national unity and consolidate the democratic process..

CURRENCY The official currency in Cameroon and 13 other African countries is the Central African CFA Franc. Cash is king in Cameroon, especially in remote regions where it’s the only way to pay. It takes 465 Cameroon Francs to spend the equivalent of $1 of US currency.

Central African Franc

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INFORMATION NORTHWEST REGION + BUI

NATURAL LANDSCAPE

The northwest region is located in the western highlands of Cameroon. There are around 1.7 million people who reside in this region and 80% solely rely on agriculture and livestock as their primary source of income. The terrain in this region is remarkable with dense rainforests and rolling mountain hills. The second highest mountain in West Africa, Mount Oku is located in the Bui-Division, one of 7 subdivisions in this region.

In Kumbo, there is a wide diversity of landscapes, and its rivers are punctuated with rapid spectacular waterfalls. These waterfalls empty themselves into the River Bui and Rookimbo. It is said that Bui and Kumbo are named after these rivers respectively. Through out the region, there are two seasons: the dry and rainy seasons. This leaves the landscape green and lush from March to October and red and dusty from November to February.

ABOUT KUMBO The capital of the Bui-Division is Kumbo, a hilly settlement situated 6500 ft above sea level. It is a mountainous town with three hilly villages. Tobin to the east is the administrative sector of the town, Mbve to the north is the commercial center, and Squares is the residential hub for the town. Kumbo is also the capital of the Nso Kingdom, of the traditional local Nso people of the Bamenda Grasslands. The Fon or king of Nso is located in Kumbo and his palace is situated in Squares. The Fon palace is the hearth of Kumboâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s social, political, and cultural activities. The villages that constitute Kumbo are: Kikaikelaki, Kitiwum, Kishiy, Kimbo-squares, Kikaikom, Kiyan, Shisong, Mbuluf, Nkuv, Kingomen, Kitumen, Sakir, Mbotong, Bamdzeng, Ndzeen, Tobin, To-oy, Marem, Bamkika-ai, Rovitangta, Njavnyuy, Mbah, Ntseni, Mbveh.

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BUI DEPARTMENT POPULATION

1,237,358 AREA sq mi

7 31

6,877 DEPARTMENTS COMMUNES

NIGERIA

NKAMBE

MENCHUM DONGA-MANTUNG

BOYO SITE

BUI KUMBO MEZAM MOMO

BAMENDA

MT. OKU 9,879 ft

NGO-KETUNJIA

NONI

NKUM

OKU

SITE

KUMBO MBIAME

DZAKWA

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INFORMATION TRANSPORTATION

GOVERNMENT STRUCTURE

To travel to Cameroon, one must take a plane to one of the major cities such as Douala or Yaounde. Once in the borders, the main source of travel is by bus or car. As the majority of roads are not paved, it is best to use a 4x4. Township taxis and motorcycles are the main mechanical transportation means in Kumbo but the majority travel by foot. In the next 10 to 15 years, the Kumbo Council is planning on paving all roads in, out, and around the city. In doing this, Kumbo will experience great developmental strides and future economic success. They are currently looking for funding.

In the early settlement of Kumbo around 1820, there was Nso people and the Fon Kingdom. The Fon of Nso acted at the social, political, and economic leader until 1977 when the Kumbo Council was established. Led by Major Njong Fonyuy Donatus, the Kumbo Council. The Kumbo Council Administration has a total of thirty-three (33) permanent staff members and employs over some forty others on seasonal basis. Kumbo is seen is having great potential for the future and an “economic explosion” is predicted to occur in the years ahead.

TRANSPORTATION The Kumbo Municipality is very scholarized, with more than 80% of children regularly enrolled in many institutions. There are over 67 primary and nursery schools, over 20 secondary and high schools and 2 post secondary professional schools. The council states that “educating a child is educating the nation”, thus they take great strides in making education one of its top priorities. Schools in the area are often held in private homes although some schools have existing infrastructure.

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P O P U L AT I O N G R O W T H PROJECTION

300,000

200,000

100,000

YEAR

2012

2017

2022

2027

KIKAIKELAKI

44,050

TO BALEM H ROMAJAI

KUMBO

80,012 MBVEH

TOBIN

KUMBO

COMMERCIAL

ADMINISTRATION

RESIDENTIAL

SQUARES LUN

BAMBUI

SHISHONG

44,275

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SHISHONG

31%

CATHOLIC

INFORMATION

19%

BAPTIST

RELIGION The religious demographics of Kumbo are primarily Christian. Generally, Roman Catholics outnumber all the other members of other churches in Kumbo. About 70% of the population are Christians, 25% Muslims and 5% others. The Traditional Religion of ancestral worship and practices is gradually loosing grounds in Kumbo. Today, only a very insignificant number of the Kumbo indigenes still practice this. 6%

LANGUAGE The predominant languages are: Lamnso, English, and French. English is primary but native Lamnso is a language to reckon with around Kumbo because it has been used for several generations by the indigenes of the Nso tribe.

CATHEDRAL The first missionaries in Kumbo from Germany, arrived in 1912 and established their mission in 1913. The Cathedral of Kumbo was erected by Pope John Paul II in 1982, with territory taken from the Diocese of Bamenda. It is Roman Catholic and is built primarily from local stone blocks.

FONS PALACE The Nso palace is the heart of Kumbo. Built on ten hills as Kumbo is, the palace is constructed on a sloping hillside below the ancient market known Kimbo. Built with mud-brick, stone and cement blocks, the main attraction on entry are the two Mfuâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;h (warrior) houses. The palace is a major attraction and the centre of a strong cultural expression of its people. During traditional rites and ceremonies, this palace can be a cultural heaven for its people.

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10%

PROTESTANT

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

OTHER

24%

MUSLIM

MBVEH

SQUARES

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CULTURE The Nso people number around 700,000 and originate from the Bamenda Grassfields in the Northwest Region of Cameroon. Both the people and the capital of Kumbo are referred to as Banso (people of Nso). Within the Nso’ political economy, symbolic capital remains the primary object of accumulation. Women produce material wealth, which men convert to symbolic capital to gain access to more productive and reproductive labour and thus to more material wealth. The literacy rate of the Nso is very high, over 90%. The Nso dynasty is an offshoot of the Tikar dynasty, which was founded around 1299 by Princess WouTen. Through the next 700 years, the Nso people went through many different leaders or Fons and states such as Mbiame, Oku, Nseh, Noni, Din, and Nikar. The Nso people have a very rich culture with dance, art, ceremonies, kola nuts, and palm wine. The balance between the sacred and utility are the heart of Nso culture.

FON of NSO A Fon is a chieftain or king of a region of Cameroon, especially among the Wedikum, Tikar, and Bamiléké peoples of the Bamenda grass fields. He rules of 13 other kingdoms. The Fon is supported in his duties by the seven notables called Vibais. The current Fon of the Nso people in Kumbo is Sehm Mbinglo I. He is situated in his palace located in Squares. Currently the Fon is a more symbolic representation of power for the people. He does not deal with the local governments. As a sign of respect, one shall never look direct to the face.

Fon Sehm Mbinglo I of Kumbo

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CULTURE KOLA NUT

ON DEATH - JUJU

Kola Nuts play a vital role in the traditional, social, spiritual, and cultural practices of Cameroon and West Africa. It is chewed in many cultures as a social activity and ease hunger. These nuts are also used as religious objects and offerings during prayers, ceremonies, and significant life events. It has both symbolic and monetary value and is considered a great welcoming gift to show hospitality. Kola is said to have “power“ through fortune and misfortune telling. Although bitter in flavor, it also contains addictive caffeine. Many cultures consume Kola nuts in group settings by breaking up the nut and passing it around. When a dying Kola Tree is not producing fruit, the Nso people perform am extensive cutting down ceremony with children present. The Kola Nut is given the same importance as a woman or a baby girl, it gives life.

The Nso people have a very interesting perspective on death. Most cultures treat death as something to be saddened about, however Nso celebrate this event. They believe that death is built around the soul and the transmigration of the soul from this world to another The celebration of death is about the celebration of life and this event involves dancing, partaking in the eating of kola nuts and the Juju’s. Death is not the end, only the beginning. Juju’s are masked men, or spirits, and are seen dancing to drums and followed by children when death occurs.

PALM WINE (MELU) In addition to Kola Nuts, Palm Wine is also consumed in social gatherings. Palm wine is an alcoholic drink made from the sap from the Raffia Palm and then fermented by natural conditions. It only takes around 2 hours for the palm to turn alcoholic. Currently, the local Raffia Palm Tree is having the same importance as the kola nut.

Kola Nuts Kumbo, Cameroon

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CULTURE AGRICULTURE

INDUSTRIES

The main food crops produced are: cocoyams, maize/corn, beans, plantains, groundnuts, kolanuts, sweet potatoes, bananas and pepper. Coffee, which is the principal cash crop around this area is produced in hundreds of tons. It is normal for women to take care of the crops, while the men work in other businesses. Once a week, the Mbve market is filled with fruits, vegetables, crops, and nuts. This weekly event is a huge source of income for the people of Kumbo as many individuals around northwest Cameroon travel to this.

The main industries in Kumbo are surrounded by agriculture and livestock. Self-employment is highly practiced in Kumbo through trading. Every day, Kumbo ships truckloads of potatoes, beans, maize, and even kolanuts to Duoala, the economic capital of Cameroon. Due to the lack of street lights, nearly all business have to close shop when the sun sets. The main livestock in Kumbo consist of Chickens, Goats, and Cattle.

HEALTH The St. Elizabeth Hospital Shisong and the Banso Baptist Hospital are the two primary medical facilities in Kumbo. Both of these hospitals offer many services that people will travel all over Cameroon to receive. These hospitals also include training schools for surgeons and health personnel. In addition to modern medicine, traditional practices are still plays a vital role in the Kumbo culture. They serve a greater need especially where the patient cannot easily identify the cause of an ailment or cannot afford the high cost of modern medicine. Due to major diseases such as HIV/AIDS and yellow fever, the average lifespan for a Cameroonian is only 53 years old.

Mbve Market, Kumbo

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CLIMATE The climate of Kumbo, Cameroon consists of two seasons; the dry season and the wet season. The dry season usually occurs between the months of November through February. During this season Kumbo is very dusty as all roads are non paved. The wet season takes place from March through October and during this season the average rainfall is around 60 inches (1550mm) per year. This climate is considered moderate/ tropical. The data presented is from a local Kumbo weather station. The average temperature is 66° F with a high of 82° F and a low of 55° F. Sustainable strategies for this location are passive solar heating and natural ventilation to achieve thermal comfort as seen in the Psychrometric Chart below. In the colder months and primarily in the afternoon, Kumbo receives strong east winds from the east.

JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER

PSYCHOMETRIC CHART

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

86 30

30%

77 25

NATURAL VENTILATION

68 20

20%

59 15

50 10

10%

PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING

HIGH-MASS COOLING

EVAPORATIVE COOLING

41¡F 5¡C

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50 10

59 15

68 20

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77 25

86 30

95 35

104 40

HUMIDITY

0¡

COMFORT

DR Y B UL B TE MP E R A TUR E - °C

41¡ F 5¡ C

CONVENTIONAL AIR-CONDITIONING

HIGH-MASS COOLING AND NIGHT VENTILATION

113

TEMPERATURE

16 in 12 in

8 in

INCHES OF RAIN PER YEAR (AVG)

4 in

MONTH

90°F 80°F

66°

70°F

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

60°F 50°F

MONTH

ANNUAL WINDROSE

11+ MPH 9-10 MPH 7-8 MPH 5-6 MPH 2-4 MPH MPH 1

W W

WINDROSE _ WINTER AFTERNOON

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VOLCANIC LINE A very notable landscape feature of Cameroon are the extremely large volcanic swells that create mountaines and shear plumes. These swells form the Cameroon volcanic line; a 600 mile straight line of 10 volcano-capped peaks. 9 of these are currently active. This line is arranged half on the continent of Africa and the other on the ocean floor. The islands Bioko, Principe, Sao Tome, and Annoban are formed from these volcanic underwater mountains. The highest peak is Mount Cameroon at 13,435 feet. Because volcanic soil is exceptionally fertile, Cameroon flora is highly lush and green during the raining months.

CONCEPT The site for the project is located directly on the end of this volcanic line. Like the country, this 330 acre site rises and falls creating a very diverse and interesting topography. In Cameroon, Volcanos have severely impacted the country over the years through many eruptions, lava flows, and deadly gases. As a architecture design concept, it would be interesting to see how this explosive act of nature can impact building form and space organization. This project can explore the relationship between dynamic forces of volcanic nature and a beautiful calm research center. The spaces can be fluidly connected like lava flowing and local materials could be sourced to provide the primary aesthetic.

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Mount Oku 9,879 FT

Mount Manengouba 7,910 FT Mount Cameroon 13,435 FT Pico de Príncipe 3,110 FT

P i c o d e S ã o To m é 6,640 FT

NIGERIA

NORTHWEST

SOUTH WEST

WEST

CENTRE

LITTORAL

CAMEROON

Pico Basilé 9,878 FT

SOUTH

E Q U AT O R I A L GUINEA

GABON

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VERNACULAR DIVERSITY

EARTH

WOOD

T H AT C H

LEAVES

BAMBOO

STONE

Due to Cameroon’s diverse landscape and climate, housing typologies vary from region to region. The villages in the northern region build dwellings with earth block as the primary material. The Musgum hut is considered one of the worlds most historically advanced architecture forms. The dome is design off of the catenary arch, the ideal mathematical form to bear maximum weight with minimum material. Many of the early Cameroonian settlements are constructed in a cluster of units around a circle with connecting walls. From region to region, the climate influences the vernacular architecture. The Pygmys and Bantu’s of the south, construct their dwelling units primarily out of leaves, bamboo, and local wood. The use of thatch roof is very common in most regions. MOFU

BAUMAM

KOTOKO

MUSGUM

TIKAR

MOUNDANG

MASA

FOULBE

PYGMY

FULANI

BANTU

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FAR NORTH

NORTH

ADAMAWA NORTHWEST

SOUTH WEST

WEST CENTRE

LITTORAL EAST

SOUTH

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THE GLOBAL CRISIS Only 2.5% of the earths total water is freshwater. 70% of this water is locked in snow caps in mountains, 29% is located underground, and only 1% is accessible for human use. Water is a very precious resource, and 1.1 billion people do not have access to clean water. When having access to water, many men, women, and children walk miles after miles in unsafe and dangerous environments to bring back a jug of dirty water. The process of achieving clean pure water is very time consuming. Many in rural communities must boil this water killing millions of bacteria and diseases. Because the time commitment to clean water, these individuals cannot spend the time studying or building a businesses. When a village has clean water readily available, the city will grow economically and socially.

ORGANIZATIONS Currently many organizations and humanitarian efforts are helping the rural population and villages. The Water Project: Cameroon, a partnership between Thirst Relief International and The Water Project, seeks to address the clean water needs. This organization is working in the village Nkuv, just outside of Kumbo, providing BioSand filters to help ease this rural water crisis. On an international scale, the World Health Organization estimates that a child dies every eight seconds due to a water-related disease. In addition to the Water Project, Water for Cameroon are also installing BioSand filters in rural locations.

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KUMBO, CAMEROON Fortunately, Kumbo has had the financial and physical resources to provided the town clean water. The northwestern region of Cameroon has a plenty of water through annual rainfall and river watersheds. The Kumbo Water Authority is responsible for the collection of water from the watershed, treating that water to ensure that it is clean and safe to drink, and distribution. The treatment of the water is carried out through a sedimentation tank, then filtered in 3 slow Sand filters, and then followed by a manual drip chlorination system. The ability of Kumbo to provide clean water has led to their economic success and potential to grow or â&#x20AC;&#x153;explodeâ&#x20AC;&#x153;.

DISTRIBUTION Kumbo has implemented a water distribution system to provide its people water through the tap. Unfortunately, Kumbo does not have the financial resources to test the water for bacteria more than 2 times a year. For AREA, clean water distribution through an advanced piping system is vital for the well-being and sanitary concerns for the project.

WATER EDUCATION The process of converting inpure dirty water to fresh water is not an easy task, even for traditional treatment plants. However, the Eco-Machine by John Todd provides solutions for wastewater management and recycling. This machine can be either a tank based system traditionally housed within a greenhouse or a combination of exterior constructed wetlands. In their most basic design, waste-water pulses

Kumbo Water Authority Treatment Facility

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SOLUTIONS WELLS + PUMPS With 29% of the freshwater underground, it is no surprise that wells are a great solution to the water crisis. This water pools in voids beneath the earths surface. By drilling holes, one can reach this treasure. Hand pumps such as the India Mark 2, can supply enough water to support a small village of 300 people.

BIO SAND TREATMENT The BioSand Filter is a genius idea, that treats dirty water through a simple filtration system of gravel and sand. This design can either be used as portable household object that can fit in any home or as a system for a larger complex. This device can remove up to 97% of the pathogens found in contaminated water. The filter consists of a container either made from durable plastic or concrete, a lid, and layers of sand and gravel. As the water is poured in the container, it passes through the gravel and sand so as to separate impurities, bacteria, and pathogens from the water. This BioSand concept can be applied to larger scale and be able to filter water for an entire village or complex.

ECO-MACHINE TREATMENT The process of converting inpure dirty water to fresh water is not an easy task, even for traditional treatment plants. However, the Eco-Machine by John Todd provides solutions for wastewater management and recycling. This machine can be either a tank based system traditionally housed within a greenhouse or a combination of exterior constructed wetlands. In their most basic design, waste-water pulses through a minimum of three different ecological systems that process and filter it in different ways. Each ecological system is isolated from the others so that it can treat waste-water based on its own unique needs, after which the water cycles on to the next community.

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WATER CATCHMENT Watershed in Cameroon and some other parts of the world remain the main sources of fresh water and the immediate source of sustainability for the entire population within the communities, especially in the Bamenda Highlands of the Northwest Region. With heavy rains come rushing rivers and floods. By utilizing catchments, Kumbo and the outside regions store, treat, and deliver clean water. In rural projects such as AREA, water catchment is a great solution and necessity.

CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS Constructed wetlands borrow the function of natural wetlands by purifying water and restoring nutritive balance. System are composed of sealed beds or channels filled with sand, gravel, or other media and vegetation. Water travels from one bed to another and through channels over the course of its treatment. Employing gravity acts as a beneficial circulative force. There are two alternative designs of constructed wetland technology are Free Water Surface and Subsurface Flow. The first, FWS, permits exposure of the processing water to the atmosphere. In the later, SF, water level is maintained below vegetation, gravel, and media. The processes involved in water treatment are filtration of suspended solids, absorption of pollutants by plants or microorganisms, and chemical conversion

RAINWATER HARVESTING Kumbo receives on average 60 inches of rainfall per year. By harvesting this resource in rainfall roof collection cisterns, Kumbo and the surrounds villages could greatly benefit. Implementing a state-of-the-art system on buildings and distributing will create more jobs and higher living conditions. More water could be devoted towards agriculture, landscaping, and would be priced lower.

P ROJ E CT DATA

CURRENT STATE The electricity supply in Kumbo comes at high costs with frequent blackouts. The supply is inadequate for the population and many are without power due to financial reasons. The network is full of irregular connections and installations. The Kumbo council is currently working on expanding the electricity network and sources. By 2017, Kumbo is planning on installing public streets lights and extending fiber network for communication. By 2022, new sources of energy are planned to be set up and the electricity grid network to be expanded. Hydroelectricity is very reliable and renewable resource in the area. For the rural settlements, electricity generators are the primary sources for power.

Kumbo power distribution plant

CURRENT STATE Kumbo has a very heavy dependence on poorly constructed and maintained individual sewage systems. Some households have no sewage facilities and many have inadequate toilets systems and conveniences. The streets show evidence of waste disposal as the town attempts to deal with the many hundreds, possibly thousands of people who pour into it each day to work, shop, or engage in financial transactions. This is most notable around the Mbveh market area. Waste and waste water recycling and composting is not practiced in Kumbo and many outside settlements Waste outside of the Mbve Market

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P R E C E D E N TS

BOTSWANA INNOVATION HUB LOCATION: ARCHITECT: DATE COMPLETED: TOTAL AREA: COST:

Gabarone, Botswana, Africa SHoP Architects, New York In Progress 270,000 SF $50 million

The ability to design a massive contemporary architectural icon that is both extremely sustainable and highly functional makes this project a great precedent for AREA. The initial concept began with the ideas of Dunes and Deltas of the local Botswana geography. The final design presents a series of four long slender buildings that seems to reach out of the ground, reminiscent of the local sand dunes. The multi-layered overhanging storeys are covered with an â&#x20AC;&#x153;energy blanketâ&#x20AC;&#x153; of a grass, plants, and photovoltaic panels. The four building bars (dunes) are connected in a series of bridges with lush courtyards (deltas) dispersed between and beneath. Programmatically, this building will contain an abundance of meeting spaces, an auditorium, high-end restaurants and lounge areas, fitness facilities, and state of the art research laboratories and workstations . Even though this project seems that it is an economic and architecture stretch for Botswana, the use of regional materials, local architects engineers and builders help with the project feasibility. Similar to AREA, the BIH is planned to be an iconic architecture piece for Africa.

AREA CAMEROON

P R E C E D E N TS

MASDAR INSTITUTE LOCATION: ARCHITECT: DATE COMPLETED:

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emerits Foster + Partners 2010

TOTAL AREA:

43,000 SF

COST:

$250 million

The Masdar Institute of Science and Technology is the first completed project in Normon Fosterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s master plan for Masdar City. Masdar City is aimed to be the first zero carbon and zero waste city in the world. The design of this building incorporates a variety of passive and active environmental strategies and will be used as a test-bed for the sustainable technologies that will be explored for implementation in future Masdar City buildings. The buildings have self-shading facades and are orientated to provide maximum shade as well as sheltering adjacent buildings and the pedestrian streets below. The Institute is the first building of its kind to be powered entirely by renewable solar energy as the entire roof is coated in solar panels. The project is an independent, researchdriven graduate school developed with the ongoing support and cooperation of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). It is programed to support up 800 Masters and PhD students for research and experimentation. This is a great example of how architecture in a rural site can be beautiful, innovative, full of local culture expression, and very sustainable.

AREA CAMEROON

P R E C E D E N TS

BUTARO HOSPITAL LOCATION: ARCHITECT: DATE COMPLETED:

Burera District, Rwanda MASS Design Group 2011

TOTAL AREA:

65,000 SF

COST:

$4.4 million

Perched on a hilltop in a mountainous region, the campus overlooks a verdant valley in northern Rwanda. Outdoor walkways and landscaped courtyards capitalize on the region’s temperate climate and beautiful scenery. The 155-bed hospital has four wards, men’s, women’s, maternity, and pediatric, plus a central building that contains emergency and operating rooms, intensive and postoperative care units, consultation rooms, a pharmacy, and a lab. The project is utilizes sustainable architecture strategies, while using local materials and labor and employing passive ventilation strategies that mitigate the spread of infectious disease. Rather than bring in expensive heavy equipment and professional laborers, MASS a trained and paid nearly 3,900 area residents to excavate the site and build the facility with mostly local materials. The primary cladding of exterior walls were of local volcanic rock. This is great example of how great architecture can fit contextually with the site all while benefiting the local culture and people.

AREA CAMEROON

P R E C E D E N TS

MAPUNGUBWE INTERPRETIVE CENTER LOCATION:

Mapungubwe National Park, South Africa Peter Rich Architects

ARCHITECT:

2010

DATE COMPLETED:

16,150 SF

TOTAL AREA:

unknown

COST:

The Mapungubwe Interpretation Centre is located on the border between South Africa and Zimbabwe in the Mapungubwe National Park. The complex landscape of the park was both the inspiration for the design and the source of the materials for the construction of this building. The complex is a collection of stone cladded vaults balancing on the sloped site, against the backdrop of Sandstone formations and mopane woodlands. The vaults were designed using a 600 years old construction system to achieve a low economical and environmental impact. The

ambition

was

also

integrate

local unskilled labor into a poverty relief program by training them to produce the over 200,000 tiles necessary in the construction of the domes. The project is a great example of how contemporary architecture can incorporate historical building practices in new and innovative ways.

AREA CAMEROON

P R E C E D E N TS

DRUK WHITE LOTUS SCHOOL LOCATION: ARCHITECT: DATE COMPLETED: TOTAL AREA: COST:

Shey, Ladakh, India Arup Associates 2001 13,350 SF $424,000

The Druk White Lotus School is located in an extremely rural site in the mountains of northern India and is only accessible for six months of the year. The school’s aim is to give children from this remote part of India a high-quality, modern education, whilst engaging with local cultures or traditions. The task was to create a structure that would celebrate and enhance local values, while at the same time making the most of cutting-edge technology and construction methods from the West. Sustainability had to play a vital role in this project due to its harsh climate and rural nature. Because the region is at risk of earthquakes and mud slides, the school uses a timber frame structure with timber robust connections and steel cross-bracing to make sure it with stands disasters. For the project, all the building materials were sourced locally and ARUP relied heavily on local expertise, tradesmen and local building techniques throughout the project. Conceptually, the design is centered around the ancient circular “Madala“ form which is the symbol of wholeness and the ultimate model of organization. This is a great precedent for innovative design without sacrificing tradition.

AREA CAMEROON

P R E C E D E N TS

KANTANA INSTITUTE LOCATION: ARCHITECT: DATE COMPLETED: TOTAL AREA:

Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand Bangkok Project Company 2011 21,500 SF $1 million

COST:

The Kantana Film and Animation Institute is located outside of Bangkok, Tailand and houses undergraduate students of the local university. Instead of being completely hitech looking on the exterior, the building fits in perfectly with its surroundings. The primary material brick is an readily available material for common cultural heritage of Thai society. The simplified from of the brick is transformed into undulating geometric profiles. The massive eight-metre-high walls are supported by a steel inner structure, the cavity between inner and outer skin affording protection against heat transfer. Not only do these the jagged walls frame a lush green garden for students, with corridors that create a sort of labyrinth, but it also acts as a stout defense against crazy tropical weather. The interior of this project is very contemporary while the exterior blends in the environment with its natural materials and tones. The is great precedent for AREA in that local materials can be re-purposed in innovative forms while still adhering to the cultural traditions.

AREA CAMEROON

P R E C E D E N TS

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AFRICAN RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE ACADEMY MISSION + VISION The African Research and Exchange Academy [AREA] is both a social enterprise and a non-profit organization with operations occurring in Boulder, Colorado and the state-ofthe-art campus to be built just outside of Kumbo, Cameroon. Dr. Ajume Wingo founded AREA on the belief that “a meaningful life for any human being is a life of responsibility to others and to the planet that sustains human life.” By partnering with individuals, organizations, and business around the world that share the common vision of “supporting and sustaining the development of the human intellect in order to make possible a fulfilling life for this and future generations, AREA is committed to implement new holistic initiatives and solutions to the way we conduct business, live in the world, and relate to one another and to our environment. AREA is first, last and always about people and the environment that enables them to thrive. These partners are pollinators of change, interested in complete solutions, approaches and actions to human circumstances and problems. The campus in Kumbo, Cameroon will be a place where a broad collection of students, artists, writers, thinkers, technological innovators, entrepreneurs, kings and queens, political activists, and so on would gather from all over Africa and the world for the “cross-pollination” and collaboration of ideas to bring elicit change locally and globally.

“There is a tendency among experts to analyze and divide the problems human beings face into neat boxes—political, scientific, economic, social, environmental, emotional, cognitive, primitive, modern and so on and so forth. Yet, authentic human problems and life-changing initiatives are never neatly parceled in tidy discrete boxes. There is growing need for a new approach to analyzing and solving human problems that recognizes the unity of the human being with the planet that embodies the human life.”

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THE CAMEROON CAMPUS

PARTNERSHIPS

In a collaboration with the Transformative

AREA seeks partnerships with individuals, organizations, businesses or the combination thereof that share a common vision of economically and ecologically sustainable development relating to these five pillars:

Education Forum (TEF) and efforts by the African Sustainable Agriculture Program (ASAP) and AREA, Cameroon was selected as the pilot location for this educational base. The involvement of Cameroonians was evident at the beginning through the support of the Fon who was willing to donate land (project site) for AREA. AREA programs will offer residencies to regional and international students, artists, writers, and thinkers while also providing educational and cultural opportunities to local students. This campus will serve as a centripetal endpoint for scholars, artist and thinkers but it will also be a converging center for Kings and Queens from across Africa as well as African statesmen and their counterparts from the rest of the world. AREA will offer state-of-the-art facilities in Kumbo, Cameroon to its partners and clients that are designed to meet their diverse needs. These facilities include residences, office spaces, conference halls, and classrooms for workshops and instruction, leisure facilities for health and enjoyment, and sustainable and economic infrastructures. Construction is planned to begin in May of 2014 and officially open in the summer of 2015. The architecture of this research center is key as the structures should elegantly announce a new era for Africa. The campus should encourage people to come from all around the world.

1. Water: collection, distribution and treatment 2. Energy: affordable, reliable, renewable 3. Agriculture: sustainable, efficient 4. Health: nutrition, food, water, sanitation 5. Social Enterprise: to improve well-being These partnerships, in addition to the African Research and Exchange Academy, will be honest in the pilot facility in Kumbo. The African Sustainable Agricultural Development (ASAP) is committed to developing sustainable commercial agriculture in West Africa, building a fertilizer plant in Cameroon as well as developing a research and training facilities at AREA. Independent Power Systems (IPS) is also partnering with AREA, through their operation of solar and wind renewal power system to West Africa. They will plan to use AREA for training, research, workshops, offices, demonstration and for developing their public relations. Other potential partners include Gazogen, Inc, a Vermont Based company developing multi-purpose steam power electrification plants for use in African villages and for pressing and processing palm oil kennels, Agua Inc., a company that provides sustainable water treatment and biotechnology, and the Navti Foundation in Kumbo Cameroon is a non-governmental organization that aims to help underprivileged women, children and rural populations live peaceful and sustainable lives by assisting them in developing to their full potentials.

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

AFRICAN RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE ACADEMY WHO? AREA will used by International High School and University level students and U.S. Peace Corps as an academic/professional exchange program where they will partner with local Africans on making the world a better place to live. Additionally, AREA will be used as a social gathering and meeting place for high ranking diplomats, kings and queens, and anyone who wants to help better humankind starting in Africa.

WHY KUMBO? While some might speculate that Kumbo is not the right location for this type of project, It is the perfect location because of its underdeveloped rural natural landscape, wonderful people, and rich African culture/history. AREA Cameroon will strengthen the city of Kumbo economically and socially, putting Kumbo on the map.

HOW WILL AREA SERVE KUMBO? AREA is first foremost about Kumbo. One cannot change the world without first transforming whatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s around oneself. A large portion of Agriculture, Energy, and Water that AREA produces will be given back to Kumbo to help stimulate the local economy. In the construction of the academy, new trades and skilled workers will be developed.

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UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

INDEPENDENT POWER SYSTEMS (IPS) • SOLAR/WIND ENERGY

AFRICAN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PROGRAM (ASAP)

PEACE CORPS

AFRICAN UNION

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

GAZOGEN INC. • STEAM ENERGY

AGUA INC. • WATER TREATMENT

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

CONTEXT

MOUNT OKU

17.05

MBVEH MARKET

CATHEDRAL

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[27.4 K MILES

20째 ]

M 5K

I 1M

[9.

5.9

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

EXISTING CONDITIONS

5 1

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4 2

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

ANALYSIS WAT E R S H E D MARSH PROJECT SITE - 360 ACRES E X I S T I N G FA R M L A N D ROCK CLIFF TREE STREAM TOPOGRAPHY LINE -10 FT CLIFF EDGE ACCESS TO SITE

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0’

500’

1000’

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

2000’

ANALYSIS SITE The AREA site is extremely rural and free from any development. Wild ferns have taken over the hillside so that could be an issue to maintain and control. The site contains three main hills and valleys between them and the landscape varies from rocky to lush.

SUN Because the site is in Cameroon and very near to the equator, the sun passes overhead and throughout the year one can receive direct sunlight from the north and the south

WIND In the winter months there are strong eastern winds. The architecture of area should respond to this weather and shelter the complex from the harsh cold winds.

WEATHER Kumbo, Cameroon rains almost 60 inches per year. This is an invaluable resource and should be harvested and stored for the dry season. Weather barriers will be an issue and very costly.

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SUMMER SOLSTICE (JUNE 21)

VERTICAL POINT (APRIL 6: 12:23)

WINTER SOLSTICE (DECEMBER 21)

SUMMER SOLSTICE

72.3째

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

APRIL 6: HIGHEST POINT

60.5째

LOWEST POINT

WINTER SOLSTICE

RESIDENCES

• (5-30) - Africa style huts (5 each) • (1) - dormitories (50 people) • (3) - 2-bedroom apartments • (3) - modern 2-story houses • (1) - VIP 4 apartment building

COMPLEX

• conference hall/stage (200+ capacity) • cafe/bar • convenience store/shopping • restaurant/kitchen • library/study room • health center

• security • offices • bathrooms • classrooms (9/10) • Lobby, reception, check in

LEISURE

• Modern gymnasium/rec center • weight room • yoga center (indoor/outdoor) • cycling room • locker room w/ showers

• large swimming pool + spa • natural pool/spring • 4 acre gardens • outdoor soccer/basketball fields

SUPPORT

AFRICAN RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE ACADEMY

• Parking • Pathways and on site transportation • Agriculture facilities (stables, fences) • poultry farm • bee farm

• crops and food • watershed - waste water recycling • waste composting • Water catchment and distribution, pipeline • electricity generation / distribution

PROJECT TIMELINE CLASSROOMS

HUT

HOUSE INFRASTRUCTURE

2014 [PHASE 1] CAFE

HUT

SERVICES

HUT

GYM / YOGA / WEIGHT ROOM

WETLANDS

2015 [PHASE 2] HOUSE

VIP

GARDENS

STABLES / POULTRY

2016 [PHASE 3] HUT

BEE FARM / CROPS

SUSTAINABILITY

GYM EXPANSION

2017 [PHASE 4] CLASSROOMS

CONFERENCE HALL

2018 [PHASE 5] SUSTAINABILITY INFRASTRUCTURE

2019 [PHASE 6]

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AMENITIES

SERVICES

DORMS

HOUSE

POOL

LIVESTOCK SUSTAINABILITY

COMPLEX

RESIDENCES

SUPPORT

LEISURE

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

AFRICAN RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE ACADEMY

AFRICAN RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE ACADEMY COMPLEX AMENITIES

SERVICES

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RESTROOMS

CHECK-IN

SECURITY

SHOPPING OFFICES

LOUNGE

CAFE

LIBRARY

DORM

HEALTH

CONFERENCE HALL

RESTAURANT

CLASSROOMS

RESIDENCES

HUT

HOUSE

APT.

PARKING

SUSTAINABILITY

PATHWAYS

PIPING

WATER

WASTE

AGRICULTURE

ELECTRICITY

LIVESTOCK

POULTRY

BEES

CROPS

NATURAL POOL

EXPLORE

POOL AND SPA

BIKE PATHS

CONSTRUCTED

OUTDOOR EXERCISE

FITNESS

GARDENS

LOCKER ROOM

BICYCLE ROOM

YOGA STUDIO

WEIGHT ROOM

GYM

LEISURE SUPPORT

ENJOY

INFRASTRUCTURE

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

PRELIMINARY PROGRAM ZONING The site for the African Research and Exchange Academy is around 360 acres and the topography creates 3 high points around the site, marshlands, valleys, and cliffs. To the right is a very initial study of possible locations of the primary facilities. The main complex will be the first thing you see on the site and this structure will act as the gateway to AREA. It will include conference rooms, classrooms, a performance hall, shopping, restaurants, and support services. Behind the main complex will include the gym, pool, and gardens. The green shows where the residences are initially located. This location is more private and highlights some of the best views around Kumbo. To the west of the main center, the surrounding hillside will host food crops, livestock, and site infrastructure.

CROP + LIVESTOCK LAND WAT E R C AT C H M E N T INFRASTRUCTURE MAIN COMPLEX RESIDENCES MAIN POOL + GYM GARDENS AND AMENITIES

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PLANNING PROCESS The initial design for the master plan of the AREA complex went through many phases. Because it is located on a very large site and in a rural setting, water harvesting and distribution and energy generation were essential. A good amount of time was spent in program zoning and after returning from Cameroon, the design grew out of itself. The sketches below display the changes in the overall master plan of the entire site. To the right, showcase the transformation of the main complex plan and water filtration system.

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CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

5 P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

PRELIMINARY CONCEPT DESIGN The adjacent diagrams depict the preliminary design decisions that create the initial form of the complete. Influenced from both the volcanic landscape and traditional African architecture, AREA is a state of the art sustainable/green complex that will educate everyone who inhabits the space. Water plays a vital role throughout the whole complex.

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EXISTING SITE: 8째 SLOPE

WATER FILTRATION + GARDENS ORIENTATED WITH THE TOPOGRAPHY

MAIN COMPLEX DESIGN IS INFLUENCED FROM THE TRADITIONAL MUSGUM HUT COMPOUND PLAN ARRANGEMENTS

HOUSING STEPS DOWN THE SITE AND IS ARRANGED IN A 32째 ANGLE TOWARDS THE CITY OF KUMBO

ENTIRE CENTER IS BLENDED WITH THE TERRAIN AND IS REMINISCENT OF THE VOLCANIC LANDSCAPE AND LAVA FLOWS

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DESIGN PRELIMINARY DESIGN

AGUA INC

CONSTR WETL FILTRA

WATER

ROOF DESIGN: MOUNT OKU

RAIN CATCHMENT

ENERGY

HOUSING

0’

100

200 A RE A CA M E RO O N

SCALE 400

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BEES CHICKEN AGRICULTURE CENTER

WATER CATCHMENT MAIN COMPLEX STABLES

RUCTED LAND ATION GYM YOGA SPA SERVICES

RESTAURANT

POOL

HOUSES LOUNGE

ENTRY CONFERENCE

OFFICE

HUTS

APT.

200 0’

100

SCALE 400

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PRELIMINARY DESIGN The design is influenced by the landscape and is one with the landscape. The terrain grows up and around the complex. a series of rock walls protrude the hill in a radial pattern. The organic pathways encourage social interaction and also educate the visitors on sustainable water and agricultural methods. The tower, which is technically a inhabitable and fully functioning pressurized water tower, creates a dynamic feature at the top of the hill. It reminiscent of the towers of hill castles as well at the volcanic plugs.

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TOWER DESIGN

PRELIMINARY DESIGN ROOF

MAIN COMPLEX DESIGN The architecture design of the main complex

includes residences, office spaces, conference halls, and classrooms for workshops and instruction, leisure facilities for health and enjoyment, and sustainable and economic infrastructures. The main building is the focal point of the complex. It is the point of entry and includes the lobby, lounges, gathering spaces, and support spaces.

TOWER SKIN

PRESSURIZED WATER TANK

LEVEL 4: VIEWING

LEVEL 3: READING

LEVEL 2: LOUNGE

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MAIN LEVEL

WEIGHT ROOM

BIKE POOL

SPA

SECURITY

HEALTH REST.

LOUNGE

OFFICE

LOBBY CONFERENCE

SUB LEVELS [1-6]

GARDENS

GARDENS WATER FILTRATION

WATER CENTER

GARDENS

ENERGY CENTER

HOUSING RESEARCH LABS/ CLASSROOMS HOUSING

200 0’

SCALE: 1”: 100’ 400

100

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DESIGN FINAL DESIGN

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FINAL DESIGN DESIGN SUMMARY The African Research and Exchange Academy engages innovators in the making of a better world. It will promote audacity in individuals to rise and face the growing challenges of this world. To that end, the academy will bring together talented people with the resolve to initiate, develop, and realize tangible and sustainable solutions for a brighter tomorrow. Emerging out of the earth, AREA is located just outside of Kumbo, Cameroon. Here is a place where a broad collection of students, artists, thinkers, technological innovators, and political activists would gather from all over Africa and the world for the collaboration of ideas to bring elicit change locally and globally with a focus on rural sustainability practices of energy, water, agriculture, and waste. Essentially, a think tank for sustainable ideas. Influenced from traditional African architecture and the local volcanic landscape, AREA is to become a state-of-theart international research center and retreat in Kumbo with the operations occurring in Boulder, Colorado. AREA is a real project and it is both a social enterprise and non-profit organization. The client is Dr. Ajume Wingo of Harvard and the University of Colorado Boulder. This facility includes residences, office spaces, conference halls, classrooms for workshops and instruction, leisure facilities for health and enjoyment, and sustainable and economic infrastructures. AREA is first, last, and always about people and the environments that enable them to thrive.

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CONCEPT MAIN COMPLEX DESIGN IS INFLUENCED FROM THE TRADITIONAL AFRICAN PLAN ARRANGEMENTS

WAT E R F I LT R AT I O N + G A R D E N S O R I E N TAT E D WITH THE TOPOGRAPHY

WAT E R I S H A R V E S T E D , D I S T R I B U T E D , AND RECYCLED ON SITE

GREEN SPACES EMERGE FROM THE R E CYC L E D WAT E R S YS T E M A N D C R E AT E GA R D E N S O F I N F O R M A L CONNECTIONS

HOUSING IS ORIENTED TOWARDS THE NEARBY TOWN OF KUMBO

HOUSING STEPS DOWN THE SITE FOR MAXIMUM PRIVACY AND VEIWS

ENTIRE CENTER IS BLENDED WITH THE TERRAIN, REMINISCENT OF THE VOLCANIC LANDSCAPE AND LAVA FLOWS OF THE AREA

THE TOWER GROWS OUT OF THE MAIN COMPLEX AND SERVES THE PURPOSE O F A P R E S S U R I Z E D WAT E R TOW E R F O R THE COMPLEX

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SITE PLAN Situated on a 360 acre rural site, the complex contains three primary functional zones - Agricultural, Water + Energy, and Learn + Live + Enjoy. As the program expands over the years, more space will be allocated towards agriculture and housing. The main occupant facilities are located at the summit of one of the three hills granting great views, visability, and a presence in Kumbo, Cameroon.

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800 0’

400

SCALE: 1”: 100’ 1600

A G R I C U LT U R A L FA C I L I T I E S

AG SERVICES STABLES

RAINWATER RESERVOIR

ENERGY

BIO-GAS + WASTE

WAT E R + E N E R G Y FA C I L I T I E S

L E A R N + L I V E + E N J OY FA C I L I T I E S

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FLOOR PLAN

LEGEND 1

CONFERENCE ROOM

12 WATER FILTRATION

RECEPTION

13 LEISURE POOL

GENERAL STORE

14 GYMNASIUM

CAFE

15 EXERCISE ROOMS

CLASSROOMS

VIP HOUSING

17 LOCKER ROOMS

SHARED APARTMENTS

18 SECURITY/HEALTH

PRIVATE HOMES

19 KITCHEN

SHARED HUTS

20 OFFICES/FLEX SPACES

10 WATER RESEARCH CENTER 11

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SPA FACILITY

21 RESTAURANT

ENERGY CENTER

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14 15 17

15 16

18 21 19 7

5 4

2 3

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DIAGRAM PLAN

ROOF LEVEL Green Roofs Reflected Metal Roof

FOURTH + FIFTH FLOOR LEVEL W a t e r Ta n k Library Study Bar / Lounge

THIRD FLOOR LEVEL Classrooms Main Entrance / Reception Services Gym Restaurant

SECOND FLOOR LEVEL House Classrooms Pool Pumping Station

GROUND FLOOR LEVEL Wa t e r / E n e r g y Housing

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WATER TOWER The tower, a dynamic architectural feature of the complex, curves upward to a height of 60 ft responding to radius of the main circular forms on the site. The tower functions as an inhabitable water tank tower. At a height of 60 feet, the water is pressurized and ready to be distributed to the entire complex. The lowest lever acts as the pumping and mechanical room. As one can see in the cross section (below), the architecture takes into account the existing topography and tappers down the site. Floors 2, 3, and floor of tower each have specific programs and can be used by anyone in AREA.

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P R E S S U R I Z E D WAT E R S T O R A G E TA N K

C O M M U N I C AT I O N 14%

FA C I L I T I E S 12%

WAT E R 4%

N AT U R E 70%

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LEARN MAIN BUILDING + LABS Facilities encourage intellectual growth and collaboration. Individual classrooms are positioned directly west of the main entrance lobby to cater to lecture and lab needs. A large multi-purpose space lends itself to a variety of functions from performances to lectures. Impromptu collaboration spaces and individual study areas are dispersed throughout.

13 CLASSROOMS

CONFERENCE ROOM

CAFE

LIBRARY

LOUNGE

SHOPPING

R E C E P T I O N / C H E C K- I N

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KEYPLAN

AXON

PLAN

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L I V E HOUSING Nestled into the earth, AREA includes 40 individual dwelling units ranging from three large 2000sf single family houses, five

1500sf spacious VIP apartments, 20 small apartments that can accommodate up to 4 people, and finally 11 huts that can fit up to 4 people per unit. The variation in housing lends itself to the diversity of residents; from students to kings. In using the local topography, the housing units blend into the environment and create comfortable places to call home.

2 0 A PA R T M E N T U N I T S

1 1 H U T S [ T O E X PA N D ]

4 L A R G E P R I VAT E H O U S E S

5 LARGE VIP DWELLINGS

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HUT AXON

HOUSE AXON

HUT PLAN

HOUSE PLAN

KEYPLAN

A PA R T M E N T S A X O N

A PA R T M E N T S P L A N

P ROJ E CT D E S I G N

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E N J OY AMENITIES While AREA fellows are hard at work empowering other, when needed, individuals can take a break to exercise and explore all the amenities AREA has to offer. The main restaurant is always open whether you just need a quick drink or a hot meal. In Africa, food is the essence of all communication and social interactions, and likewise, at AREA it is too. The complex also contains world class recreational facilities including an indoor gym, spa, yogo and weight lifting studios, and outdoor fields and courts. Additionally, the facility operates with its own health center, security, and facility offices.

H E A LT H S E R V I C E S

SECURITY

AREA OFFICES

LOCKER ROOMS

GYMNASIUM

SPIN CLASSROOM

WEIGHT ROOM

YOGA STUDIO

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KEYPLAN

AXON AXON

PLAN PLAN

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ENTRANCE The entrance and lobby had to be designed with upmost care. It is the first opportunity AREA has to make a lasting impression on any visitor that happens to arrive here. The lobby opens up in a 2 story high space with natural lighting and ventilation and is surrounded by a second story walkway. As the tower curves from the ground, it forms a series of seating for social interactions. Materiality in this space incorporates a use of locally harvested materials but its application is beautiful - Polished concrete, stone column, bamboo ceilings, and rammed earth walls to just name a few.

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WATER SYSTEM Alongside Agua Inc, a sustainable international water filtration and distribution company based in Boulder, Colorado who provide systems of water filtration through natural cycles of plants. A constructed wetland similar to a living will be constructed on-site and will follow the natural topography. At the bottom of the hill, a rainwater reservoir will be developed. All waste-water and rainwater will be stored and transferred down the hill through the complex in designated water canals that display the filtration and treatment processes. Once the water is filtered to a level suitable to drinking, it is pumped up the hill and stored in the water tower. From there, it is pressurized and then distributed around the complex.

SITE GOALS CONSTRUCT A RAINWATER RESERVOIR

WATER TOWER

PROVIDE EFFICIENT PUMPING AND PIPING TO COMPLEX CREATE WATER FILTRATION AND TREATMENT PLANT ON SITE

SWIMMING POOL

HARVEST RAINWATER AND STORE IN CISTERNS FOR LATER USE AND RECYCLE WASTE WATER IN CANALS EDUCATE THE VISITORS

MAIN COMPLEX

GREY WATER RECYCLING CANAL 100’ 50’

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SCALE 200’

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TIERED WATER FILTRATION NATURAL FLOW OF WATER

TIERED STEPS THAT FOLLOW THE CONTOURS OF THE HILL

MACROPHYTE PLANT

EDUCATIONAL WATER STORAGE

PREFAB CISTERNS EMBEDDED IN WALL

BIO-SAND FILTER

COVERED INTAKE

RAINWATER RESERVOIR CARBON PREFILTER

HAND PUMP

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

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ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN Every architectural move and design decision at AREA was executed for a designation reason. For example, many of the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s roofs slope downward. The justification for this design is not merely aesthetically pleasing but it also functions to drain away the heavy rains and to harvest this renewable water source through rainwater catchment canals all over the site. Many roofs are designed to support living growing plants and grasses that blend the building into the landscape but also lower indoor room temperatures. Shading and walkway coverings are essential due to the hot dry season and very wet rainy season.

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GREEN ROOF

R A I N WAT E R C AT C H M E N T

SOLAR REFLECTIVE ROOF

SCALE

6’ 3’

12’

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125

FINAL DESIGN

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GYMNASIUM

R E S TA U R A N T

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GABION WALL DETAIL Throughout the complex, Gabion Walls compiled with local rock from the site are used as both as an aesthetic piece but also it adds to the performance of the building. Gabion Walls essentially are metal cages filled with stones. In our case, the stone are local volcanic rock from Kumbo and the AREA site. The combination of raw stone and smooth concrete likens itself to new era in African development and architecture.

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PROJECT COST ESTIMATION 111,900 sf

TOTAL SQUARE FEET:

DIVISION 1 GENERAL CONDITIONS Permit Cost Estimating Equipment Fuel Plan Reproduction Travel Subsistence Inspection/Testing Clean-Up Final Clean-Up Small Tools Misc Gen Condition Trailer/Storage Temporary Utilities Bonds All Risk Insurance Safety/OSHA Permit Temporary Fencing

$40,000.00 included included $10,000.00 $50,000.00 $20,000.00 $50,000.00 $50,000.00 $10,000.00 included $500,000.00 included $750,000.00 included included included included

Project Closeout

included

DIVISION 2 SITE WORK

TOTAL - $7,505,000.00

Equip Move In/Out Traffic Control Demolition Driven Piles Surveying Construction Water (dust control) Dewatering (flood control) Shoring Rough Grading Fine Grading Excavate road Trench/Backfill Soil Treatment Underground Utilities/Water Erosion Control (SWPPP) Underground Elect connection Rainwater catchment system Base Rock Asphalt Concrete Paving Site Concrete Retaining Walls Perimeter fencing Green Roof Landscape/Irrigation

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TOTAL - $1,480,000.00

included $10,000.00 $20,000.00 nic $75,000.00 included included included $2,000,000.00 $500,000.00 $100,000.00 $100,000.00 nic $200,000.00 $50,000.00 included included $500,000.00 $100,000.00 $1,500,000.00 $750,000.00 $150,000.00 $700,000.00 $750,000.00

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DIVISION 3 CONCRETE Sub Base Forms & Accessories Form Liners (for aesthetics) Reinforcement (rebar) Cast-In-Place Conc Tree Grates Caissons Curing & Sealers Precast Concrete Floor Toppings Rammed Earth CMU Grout

TOTAL - $9,400,000.00 included $500,000.00 $50,000.00 $8,000,000.00 nic nic $50,000.00 $500,000.00 nic $300,000.00 nic

DIVISION 4 MASONRY Concrete masonry units Brick Stone/Gabion

TOTAL - $750,000.00 nic nic $750,000.00

DIVISION 5 METALS Structural Steel Metal roof Crane & Hoisting Misc Metal Fab Concrete Stairs Handrails & Railings Gratings

TOTAL - $975,000.00 $500,000.00 $250,000.00 included $75,000.00 included 150,000.00 nic

DIVISION 6 CARPENTRY Rough Carpentry Glu Lams/Trusses Finish Carpentry Cabinets Counter Tops Architectural Mill Work

TOTAL - $700,000.00 nic nic $200,000.00 $200,000.00 $200,000.00 $100,000.00

DIVISION 7 THERM.&MOIST. PROTECT Waterproofing Water Repellent Insulation Roofing Roof Accessories Metal Siding Deck Coatings Flashing & Sheet Metal Downspouts/Gutters Joint Sealants/Caulk

TOTAL - $1,260,000.00

$750,000.00 nic $100,000.00 $50,000.00 $50,000.00 nic nic $250,000.00 $50,000.00 $10,000.00

C ON S T R U CT I ON

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PROJECT COST ESTIMATION DIVISION 8 DOORS & WINDOWS Doors/Windows/Frames Access Covers/Panels Overhead Door Systems (garage doors) Skylights

TOTAL - $855,000.00 $750,000.00 $5,000.00 nic $100,000.00

DIVISION 9 FINISHES

TOTAL - $970,000.00

Demising Wall Lath & Plaster (stucco) Drywall (green board, x-board, gypsum) Tile Carpet/ hardwood Wall Coverings Painting

$300,000.00 $200,000.00 nic $70,000.00 $100,000.00 $100,000.00 $200,000.00

DIVISION 10 SPECIALTIES Blackboards (classrooms) Bulletin/Tack Boards (classrooms) School desks and chairs Toilet partitions Bumper/Corner Guards Flagpoles Exterior Signage Interior Signage Fire Extinguishers Fire Extinguisher Cabinets Prefab Awnings Mail Boxes FRP Screen (bathroom walls) Metal Shelving Wood Shelving Toilet Accessories

DIVISION 11

A RE A CA M E RO O N

$50,000.00 included $50,000.00 $25,000.00 included included included $25,000.00 included included $25,000.00 included included included included included

EQUIPMENT

Audio Video Screens/TVâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Coax/Antenna/BTS Food/Kitchen Service Appliances Sports Equipment Hood/Vent Systems Office Furnishings

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TOTAL - $175,000.00

TOTAL - $400,000.00 $50,000.00 included $250,000.00 included $100,000.00 included by owner

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DIVISION 12 FURNISHINGS Window Coverings Bunk beds Art work Office Furniture

TOTAL included by owner by owner by owner

DIVISION 13 SPECIAL CONSTRUCTION Security System

DIVISION 14 CONVEYING SYSTEMS Scaffolding Elevator

SUBTOTAL General Contractor Engineering Architecture Misc. Sub consultants

TOTAL

TOTAL - $1,500,000.00

nic $1,500,000.00 nic nic nic

DIVISION 16 ELECTRICAL Electrical Fiberoptic Internet System Generators Lighting Data & Communication Audio/Video/CCTV Fire Alarm

TOTAL - $100,000.00

included $100,000.00

DIVISION 15 MECHANICAL WORK Fire Protection sprinklers Plumbing Cable/Coax Cover HVAC (each house) Air Test & Balance

TOTAL - $200,000.00

$200,000.00

TOTAL - $6,500,000.00 $6,000,000.00 $500,000.00 included included included included included

$32,770,000.00 $1,966,200.00 $983,100.00 $1,638,500.00 $2,621,600.00

$39,979,400.00

C ON S T R U CT I ON

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2014

PROJECT SCHEDULE

PRE CONSTRUCTION

Complete Schematic Design [10 days] Grant Writing and Fundraising [250 days] Verify Land Legality [50 days] Attain Construction Approval From Local Jurisdictions [25 days] Recruit Project Management Team [50 days] Begin Construction Documentation [290 days] Local Plan Review [50 days] Bid Construction [75 days]

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2015 Q1

2016 Q4

C ON S T R U CT I ON

137

SITE WORK + UNDERGROUND UTILITIES

PROJECT SCHEDULE

Upgrade Road to Site [30 days] Install Security Fence/Entrance [10 days] Install SWPPP Supplies [5 days] Install Temporary Construction Utilities [25 days] Install Concrete Mix Zone [1 day] Move in Earthwork and Grub Site [45 days] Rough Grade [90 days] Install Water Supply and Storage Systems [60 days] Install Water Greywater Treatment System [60 days] Install Sewage System [30 days] Install Underground Electrical System [30 days] Install Underground Plumbing [35 days] Fine Grade for Building Pads and Site Flatwork [55 days]

SITE FINISHES

Install Underground Sitework Utilities [15 days] Prepare and Install Facility Roadwork [20 days] Prepare Slabs for Flatwork [10 days] Pour Flatwork [8 days] Install Remaining Retaining Walls [10 days] Install Swimming Pool [30 days] Install Outdoor Recreation Facilities [20 days] Install Irrigation and Landscaping [20 days] Finish Site MEPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s [5 days]

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2017 Q1

2018 Q4

C ON S T R U CT I ON

139

PROJECT SCHEDULE

Compact and Prepare Slabs for Foundation [15 days] Excavate Footings for Slabs and Retaining Walls [5 days] Install Rebar and Pour Footings [10 days]

INFRASTRUCTURE PHASE 1 (ESSENTIALS)

Install Rebar and Pour Slabs [15 days] Install Gabion, Concrete and Rammed Earth Walls [50 days] Install Concrete Beams and Steel Trusses [20 days] Install Concrete Pandecks [8 days] Install Rebar for Elevated Concrete Lids and Pour Roofs [20 days] Poor Water Tower Spine [15 days] Install Precast Concrete Water Tower [20 days] Form and Pour Slabs Within Water Tower [15 days] Construction Interior Demising Walls [10 days] Install MEP Rough Ins [30 days] Install Stairs [5 days] Install Insulation and Drywall [13 days] Install Windows and Doors [7 days] Install Flooring [10 days] Install Interior Finishes [20 days] Finish MEP [15 days]

140

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2018 Q1

C ON S T R U CT I ON

141

PROJECT SCHEDULE

INFRASTRUCTURE PHASE 2 (SECONDARY)

Compact and Prepare Slabs for Foundation [15 days] Excavate Footings for Slabs and Retaining Walls [5 days] Install Rebar and Pour Footings [10 days] Install Rebar and Pour Slabs [15 days] Install Gabion, Concrete and Rammed Earth Walls [50 days] Install Concrete Beams and Steel Trusses [20 days] Install Concrete Pandecks [8 days] Install Rebar for Elevated Concrete Lids and Pour Roofs [20 days] Construction Interior Demising Walls [10 days] Install MEP Rough Ins [30 days] Install Stairs [5 days] Install Insulation and Drywall [13 days] Install Windows and Doors [7 days] Install Flooring [10 days] Install Interior Finishes [20 days] Finish MEP [15 days]

142

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2019 Q1

C ON S T R U CT I ON

143

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TRIP TO CAMEROON DAY 1 After nearly 24 hours of flying, I finally arrived in Douala at 6pm, the economic capital of Cameroon. As soon as I step out of the plane, I am got off guard by this incredible heat and humidity. This is so unlike most of the United States right now. From what I saw flying in and at night, Cameroon looks like a beautiful and unique country with mountains, oceans, jungles, and deserts. No wonder it is called “Africa in Miniature” The Douala Airport is extremely small and fairly unorganized. I could have easily walked out of the airport with out my passport and visa stamped and approved. Once I got approval, I went out to the main lobby to find Marcel who I was told would be waiting for me. However, I could not find him for around 30 min. Lost, no phone, and one of the one white person around, I was a target of many who wanted my information. Taken aback I was very hesitate telling people who I was. I decided to venture out more out of the airport and that is when I spotted Marcel and every was taken care of. Marcel is a young man, probably similar in age to myself. He quickly got my USD cash exchanged and then we jumped in a taxi cab out into Cameroon. From what I saw, the people of Cameroon are wild and reckless when driving. Marcel took us to some sort of sketch “bus stop“ or carpooling station where people would be shouting their locations and groups would form piling into small cars. Around 6 people per car. I had no clue what was going on as everyone was speaking French in the Central Region. Somehow I ended up in a car headed to the beach town of Limbe. The drive took a little 2 hrs but it seemed like only minutes by the way the driver maneuvered his vehicle around the gridlock of Douala. He would go off the road, Driving in the other lane, barely missing oncoming traffic. It was intense to say the least. Also in the process we were stopped twice by local “police“ carrying machine assault rifles and both times I had to show my passport. When we finally were dropped off in Limbe, Marcel and I each hopped on the back of one of the infamous Cameroon motorbikes. Even though the danger was present, it was thrilling. At 10pm we arrived at the hotel. This place is very nice and literally right on the water! After we were settled in, we decided to venture out and get some food. We ended up at this “restaurant” if you could call it that. It basically was a few ladies cooking freshly caught fish and plantations on the grill and few janky tables and chairs. I was given an entire fish, scales, head, fins still attached. To my surprise, this fish tasted amazing and with the spicy sauce served alongside, I great enjoyed this late dinner. My first look at the architecture of Cameroon is that of repetition. There is no style and every house is constructed out of wood with corrugated tin roofs. There are many multi-storied apartment complexes that are incomplete. From what Marcel told me, this is because the individual who is commisioning the project ran out of money before it is finished. The first day at Cameroon was an adventure and I cannot wait to see what else this beautiful country will throw at me. Til next time. Merci.

DAY 2 So begins day 2 of the Cameroon trip. I had early start to this day and decided to walk around the hotel property and take some photographs as well as check emails and contact family and friends through the provided wifi. Around 10, Marcel and I headed out to explore Limbe in the daylight. This was the first time that I actually was able to see Cameroon. It is so green and lush and the people are all so nice. We went for a long walk towards the fishing village where we witnessed hundreds of men hauling in their boats to shore after a long morning of fishing. Fishing are these men and their families lives. Its their income, hobby, work, past time, and joy. When not fishing they are mending boats and nets while the women take care of the fish by either smoking or preparing for dinner. However, the living conditions for these people were very horrible. The houses were constructed with whatever material could be found nearby. After the fishing village, we traveled by bike, which is just as thrilling as the first time I rode, to Limbe Wildlife Center. Here we saw primates in environments that are very different from what I have been accustomed to in America. The monkeys can easily get out and do. When we were finished at the zoo, Marcel and I headed back to the hotel to pack and continue are journey. By car and bike, we headed out to the city of Boyo. Boyo is the educational capital of Cameroon and is very well developed city with many shops and vendors. Marcel lives in this city and we headed to his apartment. After we dropped off our bags and fixed the phone situation, we decided to get some lunch. Because Marcel lives here, he was very familiar of the top spots to eat. He took me to this “hidden“ restaurant where they served this delicious spicy fried rice and beef. Once again, Cameroonian food impresses me. After resting at the house, or actually falling asleep, and once Marcel came home after picking up two Canadian girls from the airport, He decided to take me out for a few drinks. On are way we had some great beef “shishcabobs”. I am not sure the what Cameroonian name of this is, but it was very tasty. At the Club, we both had some local Cameroonian beer which was not too bad and the scene in the club was much like western cultures. Loud music, dancing, and young men and women. The dress of the younger generation is mostly western. They gain their influence from modern american hip hop and pop musicians and Marcel explained to me that the future of Cameroon will be more western in every way. That is the hope of so many. 146

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CAMEROON DAY 1-2

BEAU

DOUALA

LIMBE

APPENDIX

147

TRIP TO CAMEROON DAY 3 Going into the third day at Cameroon, I was expecting it to be a long day. The day started off with a taxi ride to a bus station where we met up with Laura, one of the workers for AREA in Kumbo. It was nice to see a face to a name. After saying hello to Laura, we departed towards another bus station hub in northern Douala. We traveled by carpool. Once we arrived at the bus station, Marcel had to leave and bring the two Canadian girls to the station. I was left waiting for almost an hour and a half. When they arrived it was nice to see someone with white skin. We all waited for about an hour more before the bus left Douala towards Bamenda. The bus was jam packed but I managed to get a window seat so I could take photographs. In total this bus took around 6 hours. It was long, hot, cramped, and exhausting adventure. Once in Bamenda we checked into the hotel room and then got dinner at a local fish house. The food was very good but it made all of us very tired. We decided to go to bed early (9pm) and we all knew that tomorrow will be extremely busy arrive in Kumbo.

DAY 4

In a very hazy early morning in Bamenda after a great night

sleep at the Clifton Hotel, Me, Marcel, Patricia, and Mary had a great breakfast of beans and rice. Soon after we trekked to the city center of Bamenda. However,today was Sunday and most shops were closed. After the two Canadian girls withdrew cash from the ATM, we went back to hotel, loaded up our belongings, and were off to Kumbo. The terrain was very different than in the previous cities. The pothole filled road dipped and dived across the many mountains and hillsides that make up the Northwest region of the western highlands of Cameroon. Once I arrived in Kumbo, I was greeted very warmly from Ajumeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s family. A great feast of salads, fruits, rice, and chicken were prepared solely for me. Everyone here was very hospitable and generous. They made me feel at home. After I ate, me and Jude walked to the city of Kumbo. The house was located in Bambui which was around 1-2 miles outside of the city center called Squares. For me, I have spent an enormous amount of time researching Kumbo. One thing I did not anticipate was how hilly the city is. The town of Kumbo is situated on ten hills. The three main areas are Squares, Tobin to the west, and Mbveh to the north. All roads are not paved, so the red dust fills the air, floors, plants, and walls. The journey to Squares was very beautiful as I saw farmers, cattle drivers, lush forests, mountains, and rivers. Because the roads are not paved, there are not too many cars. At the city center, we walked towards the Cathedral. This Catholic Church sits at the top of Kumbo and looks out amongst the whole city. Finally I arrived at my final destination Kumbo and I am looking forward to the six days I will be here.

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CAMEROON DAY 3-4

BAMENDA

KUMBO

APPENDIX

149

TRIP TO CAMEROON DAY 5 Today was the day when we all will trek to the AREA project site, about 10 kilometers outside of Kumbo at a place called

Balem. Before heading out to Balem, we stopped by the palace to see the place and take some photographs. Right as I snapped one shot, a man, dressed in robes and cap, confronted me and told me to not take any photographs. Marcel and the guy debated about this for awhile and we decided to leave and come back again. Then, Basil and Marsel picked us up and we journeyed to Balem. The road to the site was extremely vast. The road to the Balem was honesty the worst road I have ever seen. It is more like driving over small canyons. There is no paved road, but rather just dirt with huge holes and mounds to climb over. This will be especially difficult to travel on in the rainy season when the roads turns to deep slippery mud. At the site, there are hills over hills, streams, forests, rocks, and cliffs. The total site that Ajume, the client, owns is around 366 acres, or almost 16 million square feet. At the property is the main house. The house is constructed primarily out of stone and mud blocks. Ajume has mentioned that this house might be demolished to make room for the new project. We all hiked around for hours, documenting and exploring every nook and cranny. We checked out the water catchment that has been built and installed. The water level was very low since it is the dry season but there was still a small stream of water flowing. For the future, this catchment will have to be increased and an infrastructure of pipes to pump the water needs to be installed. The weather at the site is very mild, so air-conditioning will not be an issue. Cross ventilation and thermal mass will insure a comfortable temperature inside the buildings all year. I tested soil and measured the topography of main location where I believe the majority of the structures will be constructed. The main hill is solid granite or some other similar metamorphic rock. This will be very difficult to construct on. Where the house is at, the soil is much more clayey. Again, the soils are not ideal so I must think about the best way to construct on the site. Water, Electricity, and Waste are the three primary goals and things to solve to create a great rural project. Water will hopefully be able to provided by water catchments, wells, and rainwater storage. Electricity will need to be generated either by Solar, Wind, Bio-gas, or low-polution generators. All water must be recycled and re-used and all solid waste should be biodegradable to be composited into rich soil for planting. These are just a few ideas I have for this site. Adjacent, only a “stones throw“ away, lies the project Royal Dreams. Like AREA (African Research and Exchange Academy), Royal Dreams was set to establish a western like resort. However, the Royal Dreams resort failed and it is left in ruin. The trees and plants have overgrown the place but the dream of something great still remains. I am not sure what the reasons for failure were, but my best guess would be access and finance. In order for AREA to succeed, you cannot just start constructing, you need to have a careful strategy plan. This day was very full but very successful. I got most of the initial feasibility information to work on back in America.

DAY 6 So began my sixth day of my life-changing Cameroonian Adventure. To start the day off, Marcel, Jude, Basil, and I

ventured in the forests of Kumbo to search for some hidden caves and waterfalls. The trails were non existant and we had to cut our way through to find the falls. Even though Kumbo was in its dry season, the waterfalls were still flowing. It was beautiful but so exhausting getting to the sites. After we journeyed to a few caves, we headed back to the car destined to the Tadou Milk Farm. At this farm, we had a private tour of the factory. I was very impressed by the care and cleanliness of the facility and the products of Cheese, Milk, and Yogurt were of the highest quality. Afterward, we had the opportunity to taste these. They were all very good and I was left impressed. Later that afternoon towards evening, we stopped by the palace once more. But this time we were greeted much differently. The “second to the King” welcomed us and brought me directly to the Fon (king). He welcomes me and told me that Dr. Ajume Wingo has informed him of my visit and was expecting me. He gave me a heartfelt welcome and I was honored. Because the Fon highly welcomed me, the Fai Shey (big big person) directed me around the secret path to the Nwerong Society. The Nwerong is the security arm of the government and enforces decisions taken by the Fon. It was a very high honor to be taken inside. Me and Jude presented the group with Palm wine and after we partake of the wine I was “initiated“ the group and granted the title of Shey. The Main person said “this is Derek from America, he has been sent to work here at the palace, he has come inside here. This is the wine that he has brought you to drink, we are so pleased to have you here and no that in here, what you see and hear stays here, and no recording devices. Feel at home here, you are highly welcome here.” Ajume stated in an email, “Shey Derek is a titleholder in the Nso territory. This is a big honor for him one that his parents should visit Nso in celebration. Many and I mean in hundred who went on my behalf but none have return with the kind of honor that was conferred to Mr. McFarland. This means a lot to anyone from Nso and he will be addressed in the third person. He will not be giving hand shakes to just about anyone. He has been given the power to mediate conflicts in families which means that he himself must start by being an exemplar of a peaceful and honorable life and much more.” A Shey is more or less a title for an important person of the Nso People. It has a sign of respect for what that person is doing. This was an amazing opportunity and experience that I will never forget. And to make my title even more official, I bought a new Shey worthy outfit from the head master. I was now a completely different person.

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KUMBO DAY 5-11 DAY 5 DAY 6 DAY 7 DAY 8 DAY 9

TO BALEM

WATER SUPPLY CATHEDRAL

MARKET

MBVEH TOBIN

PALACE SQUARES

BAMBUI APPENDIX

151

TRIP TO CAMEROON DAY 7 Once again, Wednesday and day seven began with a ton of food. Cameroonians love to eat and they are trying

to fatten me up, I know it. The meal consisted of fried egg omelette with peppers onions and tomatoes inside, a side fried potatoes, about five bananas, sliced avocado, and passion fruit. The fruit here is so fresh and sweet. After breakfast, me and Jude ventured out to what will be an eventful day. Jude told me a joke as we walked. “A boy was sitting in a bus and was saying to himself, if Mary was my mother and Joseph was father, than I would be Jesus. In response, the bus driver cackled at the what the boy was saying. Again the boy said, if my mother was white and my father black than I would be a mix. Again the bus driver was getting very annoyed and questioned the boy. ‘So if your mother was a whore (prostitute) and your father a robber, than what would you be. Without hesitation, the young boy responded. I would be a bus driver.“ I chuckled at this joke. Along the way to squares, Basil and Marcel picked us up in the car and we drove directly to the palace to speak with the king (Fon) again. This time, as an official member and a “Shey”, I was able to walk directly into the palace to speak with the Fon. With respect of course and as I do not wish to impose on their very rich tradition and culture. The Fon has no political power but has the power of the people which is the greatest power of them all. As for the reason why I went to speak with the Fon this morning, the Fon requested through Ajume that I re-design the main palace reception and banquet. The building is very old and the amazing stone work is crumbling. The Fon walked me through the place and then seating on the palace he wished to hear my vision for the plan. Completely caught off guard, I attempted to present the Fon with ideas. I shared the main reception with the throne should be much larger with higher ceilings and a higher throne. I still think it is quite amazing, that a white american with no experience in the culture can be held with so high esteem. After I presented my ideas, the Fon returned explaining that he also desires a much larger reception with a private office to one side. I presented the idea of retaining all the exterior stones and interior bamboo and using them in the new structure. Upon leaving the palace, I did a few quick rough measurements so that I could begin working on the design in America. Soon after we left the palace, we stopped by the house and shop of the main “Chief“ of Nwerong who originally brought me to the Fon yesterday and initiated me into the Nwerong and gave me the title of Shey. At his shop, I expressed my deep gratitude toward him for what he did to him. To repay him, I spent 24,000 on Shey worthy attire that he presented to me. A handmade shirt, beads, cap, and a bag to put all of my belongings inside. I felt like a whole different person and Jude, Marcel, and Basil all saw me differently and respected me so much more. Now as Shey Derek, we drove out to visit some local building material shops to get some price quotes for iron bar, plywood, concrete mix, and zinc plates. The materials were actually more expensive than I envisioned. Every eight days, merchants from all over come to Kumbo for the main market in Mbveh (pronounced mm-Vuh). The market was packed with buyers and sellers. Everyone seemed to be happy and well energized. The market was very vast and the pathways seemed to go in and out of canopies of cloth and wood. The smell was an aggregate of fruit, meat, and spices. Shades of every color was to be seen here and dust filled the air. It was wonderful. Again, everywhere I went I was greeted as Shey Shey Shey. My only response was A-sake, meaning how are you? Having this much honor was both extremely humbling and somewhat confusing as I did not know how to react. While in the market, Jude directed me to a secret gather of the Ngwerong. This group called themselves Din Liy Wo, which translates to “Show your behavior or character“. At this meeting, we talked about good things. Things about love, about respect, and about giving. Every week, these men of around 10-15 meet, talk, and give money. Each person gives a small amount that is recorded and at the end of the meeting, one person if given all the proceeds to invest in something worthwhile. This society acts like a bank but instead of storing your funds, you give to help someone else and eventually all the money you spent will be given back to you. This was very touching. We also partaked in the drinking of palm wine and eating of Kola nuts. This is tradition and every enjoys this greatly. The bond the Nso people have towards each other is unmatched by any other culture that I have seen or read about. Truly amazing. During this meeting, I was asked to say something, anything to the congregation. Knowing that whatever I say would have a huge impact on everyone listening, I spoke on the idea that you must always love another as God loves his children. I went on but at the end, I was applauded. This experience is something that I will never achieve in America. After the market in Mbveh, we traveled and hiked to a few waterfalls. Even though Cameroon is currently in its dry season, water still flows and falls. We went to two falls, one is Shishong and another in Shwey. In Shishong, the St Elizebeth hospital is renowned across the country for its state of the art facilities and great staff. The cardiac center is the only cardiac hospital in all of West Africa. On the return back to the house, we stopped by the Polyflo Hotel. As the day comes to an end, I am left amazed at the country of Cameroon and especially the city and 150,000 people of Kumbo. Their culture and tradition is one of the strongest in all of Cameroon.

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KUMBO DAY 5-11 DAY 5 DAY 6 DAY 7 DAY 8 DAY 9

TO BALEM

WATER SUPPLY CATHEDRAL

MARKET

MBVEH TOBIN

PALACE SQUARES

BAMBUI APPENDIX

153

APPENDIX CAMEROON PHOTOS

154

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

APPENDIX

155

VELLUM FURNITURE desk_grit is of essence of how a modern working desk should act and look. This project goes back to the fundamentals of materials, wood and steel. These two materials are vastly contrasting but at the same time lend themselves to a beautiful arrangement. The wood used is rough sawn redwood planks (2x2) where then joined, laminated, planed, sanded, stained, and coated in both a poly acrylic coating and wax to ensure durability and beauty. The steel that you see are re-claimed pieces from a local salvage yard. Originally these said pieces were baked in rust. But through a tedious and strenuous process, they became what they are today. This modern work desk is strong, rough,, durable, but at the same time light and seems to float off the ground. Storage is must need in any desk and this piece does just that through a large drawer and shelving units. The integration of technology through embedded power strip and sunken keyboard blends the rough grit of a desk to a refined and polished piece of modern furniture.

life cycle lumber milled tree reclaimed steel repurposed

b lack tea stain

assemb led

techno logy integration

vinegar_steel woo l reaction

seal + finish

put to use

156

A RE A CA M E RO O N

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techno logy integration

vinegar + steel woo l

rendering APPENDIX

157

VELLUM FURNITURE

158

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

APPENDIX

159

PHYSICAL MODELS

160

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

APPENDIX

161

ABSTRACT SHOW The site for the African Research and Exchange Academy is around 360 acres and the topography creates 3 high points around the site, marshlands, valleys, and cliffs. To the right is a very initial study of possible locations of the primary facilities. The main complex will be the first thing you see on the site and this structure will act as the gateway to AREA. It will include conference rooms, classrooms, a performance hall, shopping, restaurants, and support services. Behind the main complex will include the gym, pool, and gardens. The green shows where the residences are initially located. This location is more private and highlights some of the best views around Kumbo. To the west of the main center, the surrounding hillside will host food crops, livestock, and site infrastructure.

162

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APPENDIX

163

SECTION SHOW

164

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

A R EA

CA MEROON

APPENDIX

165

STUDIO SHOW - PEEP SHOW Here are images of our final thesis show - Peep Show in the KTGY gallery. The light table in the center of the gallery is filled project briefs and items related to the studio, our projects, and our lives. If someone is interested in a project from its brief, he or she can just follow the yellow tape to the presentation display. This show was very successful.

166

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

A R EA

CA MEROON

APPENDIX

167

TIC

OTHE

R AFRICA

CAMEROON BIODIVERSITY

TULANI

HNIC

GRO

20,549,221

ON HIGHLANDE

936 BIRDS

AREA sq mi

The African Research and Exchange Academy [AREA] is both a social enterprise and a non-profit orgazization with operations occuring in Boulder, Colorado and the state-of-the-art campus to be built just outside of Kumbo, Cameroon. Dr. Ajume Wingo founded AREA on the belief that “a meaningful life for any human being is a life of responsibility to others and to the planet that sustains human life.” By partnering with individuals, organizations, and business around the world that share the common vision of “supporting and sustaining the development of the human intellect in order to make possible a fulfilling life for this and future generations, The campus in Kumbo, Cameroon will be a place where a broad collection of students, artists, writers, thinkers, technological innovators, etrepreneurs, kings and queens, polital activists, and so on would gather from all over Africa and the world for the “cross-pollination” and collaboration of ideas to bring elicit change locally and globally. AREA will offer state-of-the-art facilities in Kumbo, Cameroon to its partners and clients that are designed to meet their diverse needs. These facilities facilities include residences, office spaces, conference halls, and classrooms for workshops and instruction, leisure facilities for health and enjoyment, and sustainable and econmic infrastuctures. Construction is planned to begin in May of 2014 and officially open in the summer of 2015. The architecture of this research center is key as the structures should elegently announce a new era for Africa. The campus should encourage people to come from all around the world.

POPULATION

409 MAMMALS

192 AMPHIBIANS

I EQU

AT O R I A L B A N

FAR NORTH

322 REPTILES 8260 PLANTS

GAROUA NORTH

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

10 REGIONS 58 DEPARTMENTS 315 COMMUNES

IDEPENDENT POWER SYSTEMS (IPS) • SOLAR/WIND ENERGY

5 CLIMATE REGIONS

E Q U ATO R

AFRICAN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PRGORAM (ASAP)

PEACE CORPS

183,569

ADAMAWA

SAHEL

NORTHWEST KUMBO

AFRICAN UNION

MT. CAMEROON 13,435 ft

GAZOGEN INC.

SOUTH WEST

SAVANNAH

WEST

• STEAM ENERGY

TROPICAL HUMID

CENTRE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

LITTORAL

AGUA INC. • WATER TREATMENT

EAST

DUALA

MOUNTAIN AND HIGHFIELD

YA O U N D E

200 BC

GERMANS COLONIZE

FOUMBAN KINGDOM

1300s

BRITISH AND FRENCH OCCUPY LAND

CAMEROON F E D E R AT I O N

1500s

1884

SOUTH UNITED REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON

KUMBO E S TA B L I S H E D ALLIES DROVE OUT GERMANS

NIGERIA AND CAMEROON CLASH OVER OIL

FRENCH INDEPENDENCE

1913 1916 1919

1959

1961

1972

1986

Cameroon has been know as “Africa in Miniture“ because of its highly diverse culture and geogrpahy. Cameroon is slightly larger than the state of california and contains roughtly half the population at 20 and a half million people. Cameroon is bordered by 6 countries and Atlantic Ocean to the west. The country is broken up into 10 regions and inside each of these regions are divsions and communes. There are 315 communes in total. Cameroon holds five different climate regions, forests, mountains, tropics, savannahs, and the sahel. It is also know for its extremely bio-diverse plant and animal life

NORTHWEST REGION

NKAMBE

MENCHUM DONGA-MANTUNG

BOYO

1994-1996

1,237,358 AREA 6,877 DEPARTMENTS 7 31 COMMUNES

POPULATION AGES

SITE 3.3%

OVER 60

BUI DEPARTMENT

2.0%

13.3%

20.6%

sq mi

56.2%

48.1%

66.6% 15-60

66.1%

49.9%

40.5% UNDER 15

13.3% U.S.A.

20.1%

GERMANY

CAMEROON

UGANDA

MOUNT OKU

SITE

KUMBO

FOREST

20°

MANDARA KINGDOM FIRST BANTU TRIBES SETTLE IN LAND

BUI 17.05

NONI

MEZAM MOMO

MILES

[27.4

KM]

NKUM

BAMENDA

NGO-KETUNJIA

SITE

OKU

MT. OKU 9,879 ft

KUMBO

S ILE

[9.

MBIAME

5.9

DZAKWA

CROPS

RUBBER

BANANAS

LUMBER

MBVEH MARKET

COTTON METAL

CATHEDRAL

COFFEE OIL

EXPORTS

= 20,000,000 US dollars

CROPS

LIVESTOCK

VERNACULAR DIVERSITY MOFU

EARTH

WOOD

BAMBOO

T H AT C H

LEAVES

STONE

TIKAR

BAUMAM

FOULBE

LOCAL VERNACULAR

VOLCANIC LINE

Due to Cameroon’s diverse landscape and climate, housing typologies vary from region to region. The villages in the northern region build dwellings with earth block as the primary material. The Musgum hut is considered one of the worlds most historically advanced architecture forms. The dome is design off of the catenary arch, the ideal mathematical form to bear maximum weight with minimum material. Many of the early Cameroonian settlements are constructed in a cluster of units around a cirlce with connecting walls. From region to region, the climate influences the vernacular architecture. The Pygmys and Bantu’s of the south, construct their dwelling units primarily out of leaves, bamboo, and local wood. The use of thatch roof is very common in most regions.

The site for the project is located directly on the end of this volcanic line. Like the country, this 330 acre site rises and falls creating a very diverse and interesting topography. In Cameroon, Volcanos have severly impacted the country over the years through many eruptions, lava flows, and deadly gases. As a architecture design concept, it would be interesting to see how this explosive act of nature can impact buidling form and space organization. This project can explore the relationship bewteen dynamic forces of volcanic nature and a beautiful calm research center. The spaces can be fluidly connected like lava flowing and local materials could be sourced to provide the primary aestic.

Mount Oku 9,879 FT

NIGERIA

FAR NORTH

NORTHWEST

KOTOKO

MUSGUM

Mount Manengouba 7,910 FT NORTH

Mount Cameroon 13,435 FT

SOUTH WEST

WEST

Pico Basilé 9,878 FT

LITTORAL

ADAMAWA NORTHWEST

MOUNDANG

MASA SOUTH WEST

Pico de Príncipe 3,110 FT

WEST CENTRE

SOU

CAMEROON

LITTORAL EAST

P i c o d e S ã o To m é 6,640 FT PYGMY

FULANI

168

A RE A CA M E RO O N

BANTU

SOUTH

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

EQUITORIAL GUINEA

AFRICAN

RESIDENCE

RESEARCH

AND

EXCHANGE

ACADEMY

COMPLEX

RESIDENCES

AMENITIES

HUT

HOUSE

APT.

CLASSROOMS

SUSTAINABILITY

CONFERENCE HALL

LIVESTOCK

POULTRY

BEES

GYM EXPANSION

AMENITIES

SERVICES

DORMS

HOUSE

POOL

PARKING

BEE FARM / CROPS

PIPING

HUT

2017 [PHASE 4]

SUPPORT

PATHWAYS

LOCKER ROOM

STABLES / POULTRY

INFRASTRUCTURE

WATER

GARDENS

2016 [PHASE 3]

WASTE

VIP

SUSTAINABILITY

ELECTRICITY

HOUSE

CROPS

WETLANDS

BIKE PATHS

GYM / YOGA / WEIGHT ROOM

2015 [PHASE 2]

NATURAL POOL

HUT

POOL AND SPA

CAFE

SERVICES

CONSTRUCTED

BICYCLE ROOM

2014 [PHASE 1]

ENJOY

AGRICULTURE OUTDOOR EXERCISE

HOUSE INFRASTRUCTURE

GARDENS

HUT

EXPLORE

YOGA STUDIO

RESTROOMS

CHECK-IN

FITNESS

GYM CLASSROOMS

SUPPOR T

SHOPPING

SECURITY

HEALTH

OFFICES

LOUNGE

DORM LIBRARY

LEISURE

SERVICES

WEIGHT ROOM

CONFERENCE HALL

RESTAURANT

CLASSROOMS

CAFE

LEISURE

LIVESTOCK

2018 [PHASE 5] SUSTAINABILITY INFRASTRUCTURE

2019 [PHASE 6]

SITE ANALYSIS

W AT E R S H E D MARSH PROJECT SITE - 360 ACRE

SUMMER SOLSTICE (JUNE 21)

E X I S T I N G FA R M L A N D ROCK CLIFF

VERTICAL POINT (APRIL 6: 12:23)

TREE STREAM TOPOGRAPHY LINE -10 FT

WINTER SOLSTICE (DECEMBER 21)

CLIFF EDGE ACCESS TO SITE

0’

500’

1000’

2000’

INCHES OF RAIN PER YEAR (AVG)

SUMMER SOLSTICE

66°F AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

72.3°

60.5°

APRIL 6: HIGHEST POINT

90%

PYSCHOMETRIC CHART

80%

70%

60%

LOWEST POINT

WINTER SOSLTICE

50%

40%

86 30

90° 80° 30%

70° 60°

77 25

50°

68 20

20%

50 10

12 in

41¡ F 5¡ C

8 in 11+ MPH 9-10 MPH 7-8 MPH 5-6 MPH 2-4 MPH 1 MPH

4 in

10%

HIGH-MASS COOLING

EVAPORATIVE COOLING

ANNUAL WIND ROSE 50 10

41¡F 5¡C

COMFORT PASSIVE SOLAR HEATING

0¡

CONVENTIONAL AIR-CONDITIONING

HIGH-MASS COOLING AND NIGHT VENTILATION

59 15

16 in

MONTH

NATURAL VENTILATION

HUMIDITY

DR Y B UL B TE MP E R A TUR E - °C

MONTH

59 15

68 20

77 25

86 30

95 35

104 40

113

TEMPERATURE

EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS

CENTRE

4 2

3 TH

GABON

APPENDIX

169

CAMEROON

Cameroon ha diverse cultur state of calif and a half mi Atlantic Ocea and inside eac 315 commune

NORTHWEST REGION

POPULATION

20,549,221

AFRICAN RESEARCH AND EXCHANGE ACADEMY

ABOUT KUMB The capital o 6500 ft above Tobin to the e north is the co town. Kumbo local Nso peo located in Kum is the hearth o

NKAMBE

MENCHUM

AREA sq mi

VA NO VA SHOW FAR NORTH

CAMEROON

DONGA-MANTUNG

183,569

BOYO SITE

10 REGIONS 58 DEPARTMENTS 315 COMMUNES

BUI

KUMBO

NONI

MEZAM MOMO

BAMENDA

NGO-KETUNJIA

SITE

OKU

MT. OKU 9,879 ft

DZAKWA

GAROUA NORTH

5 CLIMATE REGIONS

E Q U ATO R

SAHEL ADAMAWA NORTHWEST 20°

SAVANNAH KUMBO

UGANDA

TROPICAL HUMID SOUTH WEST

WEST

MOUNTAIN AND HIGHFIELD

CENTRE

17.05

MILES

[27.4

KM]

]

LITTORAL w

UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

IDEPENDENT POWER SYSTEMS (IPS)

EAST

DUALA

[9.5

IL 1M

• SOLAR/WIND ENERGY

5.9

YA O U N D E AFRICAN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PRGORAM (ASAP)

PEACE CORPS

FOREST

SOUTH AFRICAN UNION

GAZOGEN INC.

• STEAM ENERGY

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

AGUA INC. • WATER TREATMENT

CATHEDRAL

AGUA INC

BEES CHICKEN AGRICULTURE CENTER

WATER CATCHMENT STABLES

CONSTRUCTED WETLAND FILTRATION GYM

WATER

ROOF DESIGN: MOUNT OKU

SPA

RAIN CATCHMENT

RESTAURANT ENERGY POOL

HOUSES LOUNGE

ENTRY

CONFERENC

OFFICE

HOUSING HUTS

APT.

170 200 0’

100

A RE A CA M E RO O N SCALE 400

D ER EK M CFAR LAND 200 0’

100

VERNACULAR DIVERSITY VERNACULAR DIVERSITY

as been know as “Africa in Miniture“ because of its highly re and geogrpahy. Cameroon is slightly larger than the fornia and contains roughtly half the population at 20 illion people. Cameroon is bordered by 6 countries and an to the west. The country is broken up into 10 regions ch of these regions are divsions and communes. There are es in total.

BO of the Bui-Division is Kumbo, a hilly settlement situated e sea level. It is a mountainous town with three hilly villages. east is the adminstrative sector of the town, Mvbeh to the ommercial center, and Squares is the residential hub for the o is also the capital of the Nso Kingdom, of the traditional ople of the Bamenda Grasslands. The Fon or king of Nso is mbo and his palace is situated in Squares. The Fon palace of Kumbo’s social, political, and cultural activities.

NKUM

KUMBO MBIAME

SITE

366 ACRES

MOFU

The African Research and Exchange Academy [AREA] is a real project that is both a social enterprise and a non-profit orgazization with operations occuring in Boulder, Colorado and the state-of-the-art campus to be built just outside of Kumbo, Cameroon. Dr. Ajume Wingo founded AREA on the belief that “a meaningful life for any human being is a life of responsibility to others and to the planet that sustains human life.” By partnering with individuals, organizations, and business around the world that share the common vision of “supporting and sustaining the development of the human intellect in order to make possible a fulfilling life for this and future generations, The campus in Kumbo, Cameroon will be a place where a broad collection of students, artists, writers, thinkers, technological innovators, etrepreneurs, kings and queens, polital activists, and so on would gather from all over Africa and the world for the “crosspollination” and collaboration of ideas to bring elicit change locally and globally. AREA will offer state-of-the-art facilities in Kumbo, Cameroon to its partners and clients that are designed to meet their diverse needs. These facilities facilities include residences, office spaces, conference halls, and classrooms for workshops and instruction, leisure facilities for health and enjoyment, and sustainable and econmic infrastuctures. Construction is planned to begin in May of 2015 and and projected to open officially open in the summer of 2020. Infrastructure of Water, Energy, Agriculture, and Waste is central to the operationations and success of AREA. AREA in short, is an educational center for the advance of sustainable practices and a cultural center and resort.

EARTH

WOOD

BAMBOO

T H AT C H

LEAVES

STONE

TIKAR

BAUMAM

FOULBE

KOTOKO

MUSGUM

FAR NORTH

NORTH

ADAMAWA NORTHWEST

MOUNDANG

MASA SOUTH WEST

WEST CENTRE

LITTORAL EAST

PYGMY

BANTU

FULANI

SOUTH

CAMEROON VOLCANIC LINE Mount Oku 9,879 FT

NIGERIA ADAMAWA

ALONGSIDE AGUA INC, A SUSTAINABLE WATER COMPANY BASED IN BOULDER COLORADO WHO PROVIDE SYSTEMS OF WATER FILTRATION THROUGH NATURAL CYCLES OF PLANTS. A CONSTRUCTED WETLAND SIMILAR TO A LIVING MACHINE WILL BE CONSTRUCTED ON THE SITE AND WILL FOLLOW THE NATURAL TOPOGRAPHY FOR GRAVITY FILTRATION.

WATER

NORTHWEST

Mount Manengouba 7,910 FT Mount Cameroon 13,435 FT

SOUTH WEST

WEST

MACROPHYTE PLANT

Pico Basilé 9,878 FT

LITTORAL

TIERED WATER FILTRATION NATURAL FLOW OF WATER

Pico de Príncipe 3,110 FT

MBVEH MARKET

SOUTH

CAMEROON

TIERED STEPS THAT FOLLOWS THE CONTOURS OF THE HILL

P i c o d e S ã o To m é 6,640 FT

EDUCATIONAL WATER STORAGE PREFAB CISTERNS EMBEDED IN WALL

SITE GOALS

BIO-SAND FILTE

COVERED INTAKE

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

CONSTRUCT A WATER CATCHMENT

PRECEDENTS

PROVIDE EFFICIENT PUMPING AND PIPING TO COMPLEX

EXISITING SITE: 8° SLOPE

CREATE WATER FILTRATION AND TREATMENT PLANT ON SITE HARVEST RAINWATER AND STORE IN CISTERNS FOR LATRE USE AND RECYCLE WASTE GREY WATER

CARBON PREFILTER

HAND PUMP

EDUCATE THE VISITORS

WATER FILTRATION + GARDENS ORIENTATED WITH THE TOPOGRAPHY

ELECTRICITY

TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION

MAIN COMPLEX

MAIN COMPLEX DESIGN IS INFLUENCED FROM THE TRADITIONAL MUSGUM HUT COMPOUND PLAN ARRANGEMENTS

AREA WILL BE REQUIRED TO PRODUCE ALL OF THE ELECTRICTY ON SITE PRIMARILy tHROUGH SOLAR, WIND, AND BIOMASS SYSTEMS

MUSGUM PLAN

HOUSING STEPS DOWN THE SITE AND IS ARRANGED IN A 32° ANGLE TOWARDS THE CITY OF KUMBO

CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB

INTERIOR PLASTER

COMPRESSED STABILIZED EARTH BLOCK (STEB)

LOCAL VOLCANIC STONE

AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE WILL PLAY A BIG ROLE IN THE SUCCESS OF AREA. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTUAL PROCESSES WILL IMPLEMENTED AND TAUGHT. THE LOCAL CROPS WILL BE USED FOR FOOD FOR THE COMPLEX AND ALSO SOLD BACK TO THE CITY.

ENTIRE CENTER IS BLENDED WITH THE TERRAIN AND IS REMINISCENT OF THE VOLCANIC LANDSCAPE AND LAVA FLOWS YOGA

SERVICES

PROGRAM

SITE ANALYSIS

16 in

AFRICAN

12 in

RESEARCH

AND

EXCHANGE

ACADEMY

8 in

DORM

EXPLORE

11+ MPH 9-10 MPH 7-8 MPH 5-6 MPH 2-4 MPH 1 MPH

SCALE 400

72.3°

60.5°

LOWEST POINT

APPENDIX

ENJOY

AGRICULTURE

GARDENS

ANNUAL WINDROSE

FITNESS

171

SUSTAINABILITY

INFRASTRUCTURE

PARKING

WATER

PATHWAYS

PIPING

LIVESTOCK

WASTE

APT.

GYM

HOUSE

POULTRY

HUT

BEES

50°F

WINTER SOLSTICE (DECEMBER 21)

HEALTH

OFFICES

60°F

ELECTRICITY

70°F

SUPPORT

SERVICES

CROPS

80°F

VERTICAL POINT (APRIL 6: 12:23)

AMENITIES

RESTAURANT

90°F

CONFERENCE HALL

NATURAL POOL

CLASSROOMS

POOL AND SPA

BICYCLE ROOM

LOCKER ROOM

BIKE PATHS

CONSTRUCTED

YOGA STUDIO

OUTDOOR EXERCISE

RESTROOMS

CHECK-IN

LOUNGE

LEISURE

SHOPPING

SECURITY

MONTH

RESIDENCES

CAFE

LIBRARY

SUMMER SOLSTICE (JUNE 21)

COMPLEX

WEIGHT ROOM

4 in

VA NO VA POSTERS

172

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

APPENDIX

173

FINAL POSTERS

174

A RE A CA M E RO O N

D ER EK M CFAR LAND

APPENDIX

175